ENTREGA FINAL - SECTOR POBLACIONAL LGBTI EN EL SISTEMA PENITENCIARIO Y CARCELARIO COLOMBIANO (Con Cambios Incorporados)

 

[aktlr plif`kblo`f FMISB ao af sbstan` paobtaokb`rbl y k`rkaf`rbl klflnib`ol7 uo` ravbsbûo

Afb`o` N. Gbnâoaz Nlr`fas 0 9

 N`tal Mûnaz Tbffam`s Yasunao

Af prasaota `rtîkufl sa i`s` ao af astucbl ca f` sbtu`kbûo `ktu`f qua vbva af saktlr plif`kblo`f FMISB ao af sbstan` paobtaokb`rbl y k`rkaf`rbl klflnib`ol, qubaoas sa aokuaotr`o aodraot`cls ` supar`r d`ktlras klnl af j`kbo`nbaotl, f` d`ft` ca adaktbvbc`c ao f`s nacbc`s ca raslkb`fbz`kbûo y f` cadbkbaota bodr`astruktur` qua ca n`oar` maoar`f list`kufbz`o af raspatl ca fls carakjls jun`ols p`r` tlc`s f`s parslo`s rakfubc`s ao uo kaotrl paobtaokb`rbl y k`rkaf`rbl klflnib`ol, parl qua puacao ffam`r ` taoar uo` n`ylr bokbcaokb` oam`tbv` ao ast` klnuobc`c, ca f` nbsn` n`oar` ao qua puacao ffam`r ` j`karfl fls `ktls cbskrbnbo`tlrbls klnl fl slo duoc`c`s f` vblfaokb` dîsbk`, psbklflmbk`, bnplsbkbûo ca k`sls nacbc`s cbskbpfbo`rb`s ao pragubkbls suigatbvls.saxu`f Astl saa va radfag`cl ao ca botarols qua ffam`rlo ` bost`okb`s gucbkb`fas a bokfusl ao aokuast`s y astucbls dlk`fbz`cls. Slcl astl, i`gl uo` parspaktbv` ca `o`fbsbs qua parnbt` axploar f` sbtu`kbûo `ktu`f caf Ast`cl klflnib`ol draota `f Ligatbvl 04 ca f` @maoc` 95;5 qua pf`ota` klnl nat`s f` racukkbûo ca vblfaokb` y f` dlnaot`kbûo ca bostbtukbloas sûfbc`s qua m`r`otbkao af agarkbkbl ca fbiart`cas duoc`naot`fas, f`s ku`fas, `f bmu`f qua fls canàs carakjls jun`ols ca asta saktlr plif`kblo`f, sa aokuaotr`o ramf`cls plr  olrn`tbvbc`c t`otl o`kblo`f klnl botaro`kblo`f kuy` adaktbvbc`c ao f` `ktu`fbc`c sa va ra`fnaota kuastblo`c`. U`f`ir`s U`f`i r`s kf`va7 Carakjls jun`ols, plif`kbûo FMISB, kaotrls paobtaokb`rbls,

bokfusbûo, raspatl.

@istr`kt

  Astucb`ota ca qubotl `ðl ca Carakjl ca f` D`kuft`c ca Carakjl, Kbaokb`s Ulfîtbk`s y

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[lkb`fas. Qobv [lkb`fas. Qobvarsbc` arsbc`c c Fbira. U`rtbkbp U`rtbkbp`ota `ota caf sanbo sanbo`rbl `rbl botaro botaro`kblo `kblo`f `f klnl lpkbûo ca mr`cl7 ‖U`z, gustbkb` a bostbtukbloas sûfbc`s7 adbk`kb` a bokfusbûo ao f` `maoc` 95;5„. An`bf7 afb`o`n-gbnaoaznEuobfbira.acu.kl  Astucb`ota ca qubotl `ðl ca Carakjl ca f` D`kuft`c ca Carakjl, Kbaokb`s Ulfîtbk`s y [lkb`fas. [lkb` fas. Qobv Qobvarsbc` arsbc`c c Fbira. U`rtbkbp U`rtbkbp`ota `ota caf sanbo sanbo`rbl `rbl botaro botaro`kblo `kblo`f `f klnl lpkbûo ca mr`cl7 ‖U`z, gustbkb` a bostbtukbloas sûfbc`s7 adbk`kb` a bokfusbûo ao f` `maoc` 95;5„. A9

n`bf7 n`tal-mlnazEuobfbira.acu.kl

 

Sj`bs `rtbkfa bs i`sac lo tja stucy ld tja kurraot sbtu`tblo axparbaokac iy tja FMISB plpuf`tblo bo tja Klflnib`o paobtaotb`ry `oc prbslo systan, wjl `ra d`kac wbtj wbtj lvar lvarkl klnb nbom om d`kt d`ktlr lrss sukj sukj `s lvar lvarkr krlw lwcb cbom om,, f`kh f`kh ld adda addakt ktbv bvao aoas asss bo raslkb`fbz`tb raslkb` fbz`tblo lo na`sur na`suras as `oc cadbkbaot bodr`st bodr`struktura ruktura.. tj`t bo ` maoar`f w`y jbocar  tja raspakt ld jun`o rbmjts dlr `ff tja palpfa wjl rast bo ` Klflnib`o prbslo, iut tj`t k`o j`va ` mra`tar oam`tbva bnp`kt lo tjbs klnnuobty, bo tja s`na w`y tj`t tja Cbskrbnbo`tlry `kts sukj `s7 pjysbk`f, psykjlflmbk`f, saxu`f vblfaoka `oc tja bnplsbtblo ld cbskbpfbo`ry na`suras i`sac lo suigaktbva pragucbkas, `s radfaktac bo k`sas ld bon`tas wjl ra`kjac gucbkb`f `utjlrbtbas `oc avao bo survays `oc dlkusac stucbas.  @ff tjbs, drln `o `o`fysbs parspaktbva tj`t `fflws tl axplsa tja kurraot sbtu`tblo ld tja Klflnib`o st`ta `m`bost ligaktbva 04 ld tja 95;5 `maoc` tj`t sats `s ml`fs tja racuktblo ld vblfaoka `oc tja prlnltblo ld slfbc bostbtutblos tj`t mu`r`otaa tja axarkbsa ld duoc`naot`f draaclns, wjbkj, Fbha tja ltjar jun`o rbmjts ld tjbs plpuf`tblo saktlr, tjay `ra ramuf`tac iy iltj o`tblo`f `oc botaro`tblo`f ramuf`tblos wjlsa addaktbvaoass bs kurraotfy iabom quastbloac. Hay ]l ]lrcs rcs77 Jun`o rbmjts, FMISB plpuf`tblo, paobtaotb`ry kaotars, bokfusblo,

raspakt.

Botrlcukkbûo

Ao f` `otbmöac`c sa klolkî` af aokbarrl klnl af nacbl ÷tbf p`r` flmr`r f` klotaokbûo y mu`rcb` ca f` parslo` dîsbk` caf ral8 `sbnbsnl, f` kàrkaf dua uo fum`r  ca mu mu`r `rcb cb` ` y tl tlrn rnao aotl tl ao f` f`ss kbvb kbvbfbfbz` z`kb kbloa loass pr prakl aklfl flni nibo bo`s `s ca @n @nârb ârbk`. k`. [b [bo o ani`rml, af tr`t`nbaotl raslkb`fbz`clr tuvl uo `v`oka af ku`f tlnû plr i`sa f` bocbvbcu`fbz`kbûo caf botarol t`otl krbnbolfûmbk` klnl paobtaokb`rb` p`r` qua puac` parslo`fbz`rsa f` s`kbûo y `pfbk`rsa uo tr`t`nbaotl paobtaokb`rbl `caku`cl plr  parslo`f tâkobk`naota bcûoal (Oaun`o, 02=0). Ao Klflnib` j`o surmbcl mr`ocas `v`okas t`otl ao f` pao`fbz`kbûo klnl ao f`s f`s s`ok s`okbl bloa oass `trb `trbiu iubc bc`s `s ` f`s f`s kloc klocuk ukt` t`ss ca casv svb` b`c` c`ss ca fls fls fboa fboa`n `nba baot otls ls ast`ifakbcls p`r` uo` klovbvaokb` ao slkbac`c prûspar`, fls ku`fas sa avbcaokb`o klo f`s raspaktbv`s radlrn`s `pfbk`c`s ` f` fambsf`kbûo pao`f y f` kra`kbûo ca ouav`s fayas ao as` n`tarb`8 ast`s parnbtao uo `v`oka p`r` f` ramuf`kbûo ca klnplrt`nbaotls ca fls bocbvbculs y qubaoas sa aok`rm`o ca cbkjl prlkasl, klo af dbo dbo ca avbt avbt`r `r `r `rib ibtr tr`r `rba bac` c`ca cass klo klo fls fls bota botaro rols ls,, qu qua a ao asa asa ao aotl tlok okas as ar ar`o `o klokaibcls klnl rals l rakfusls. Ao f` `ktu`fbc`c, sa j`o ast`ifakbcl f`s duokbloas qua tbaoa uo` pao`, f`s ku`fas klosbstao ao f` ‖pravaokbûo maoar`f, ratrbiukbûo gust`, pravaokbûo aspakb`f, rabosarkbûo slkb`f y prltakkbûo `f klocao`cl„ (Fay 122, 9555, `rt.3) .  Duokbloas qua, `f p`s`r caf tbanpl sa j`o vaobcl bokunpfbaocl ao f` pràktbk`, puas sa

 

prasaot`o sbtu`kbloas ao f`s ku`fas sa prasaokb` f` vufoar`kbûo ca fls carakjls jun`ols ca fls botarols ao nacbl ca fls kaotrls paobtaokb`rbls, prbokbp`fnaota ca f`s parslo`s qua slo klosbcar`c`s klnl sugatls ca aspakb`f prltakkbûo, aotra affls af saktlr plif`kblo`f FMISB, af ku`f as ligatl ca astucbl ao af prasaota `rtîkufl. `rtîku fl. Uuas, `f aoklot aoklotr`rsa r`rsa cbstbomub cbstbomubcl cl gurbsp gurbsprucaokb rucaokb`fnaot `fnaota a klnl uo mrupl ca aspa as pakb kb`f `f prlt prltak akkb kbûo ûo klo lost stbt btuk ukbl blo` o`ff, sa fa ra rakl klol olkka uo n`y `ylr lr mr mr`c `cl l ca vufoar`ibfbc`c `ota f`s d`faokb`s qua sa prasaot`o ao ouastrl `ktu`f sbstan` paobtaokb`rbl.  @jlr` ibao, af prasaota `rtîkufl ca bovastbm`kbûo tbaoa klnl ligatbvl prbokbp`f cata ca tarn rnbo bo`r `r sb sa m`r`o m`r`otbtbz` z` af raspa raspatl tl ca fl flss ca cara rakjl kjlss ju jun` n`ol olss ca caff sa sakt ktlr  lr  plif pl if`k `kbl blo` o`ff FM FMIS ISBB i` i`gl gl uo `n `nib ibao aota ta p` p`kî kîdbdbkl kl a bokf bokfus usbv bvl l ao fls fls kaot kaotrl rlss paobtaokb`rbls y k`rkaf`rbls klflnib`ols. U`r` `fk`oz`r cbkjl dbo, sa pf`ota`o klnl ligatbvls aspakîdbkls bcaotbdbk`r fls d`ktlras qua list`kufbz`o l pltaokb`o af raspatl ca fls carakjls jun`ols ca f` plif`kbûo FMISB ao af botarblr ca fls kaotrls paobtaokb`rbls y k`rkaf`rbls klflnib`ols, raklolkar sb ao astls kaotrls paobtaokb`rbls y k`rkaf`rbls sa maoar`o `ktls qua bnpbcao f` bokfusbûo caf saktlr  plif`kblo`f FMISB y aouokb`r f` olrn`tbvbc`c axbstaota ao n`tarb` ca prltakkbûo ca fls fls ca cara rakj kjls ls ju jun` n`ol olss ca cbkj cbkjl l sakt saktlr lr pl plif if`k `kbl blo` o`ff ao cbkj cbkjls ls kaot kaotrl rlss paobtaokb`rbls y k`rkaf`rbls.  Fl `otarblr, klo f` dbo`fbc`c ca klrraf`kblo`rfl klo fls Ligatbvls ca Cas`rrlffl [lstaobifa ast`ifakbcls plr f` Lrm`obz`kbûo ca f`s O`kbloas Qobc`s (9501), fls ku`fas catarnbo`o kbart`s nat`s p`r` `fk`oz`r f` prlsparbc`c, `k`i`r klo f` pliraz`, flmr`r f` p`z nuocb`f y dlrt`fakar af `kkasl ` f` gustbkb`, prbokbp`fnaota klo af ligatbvl Oµ 04 ‖U`z, gustbkb` a bostbtukbloas sûfbc`s„, qua prlpaoca plr f` racukkbûo ca f`s dlrn`s ca vblfaokb` y f` bosamurbc`c, y iusk` ` tr`vâs caf dlrt`fakbnbaotl ca f`s bostbtukbloas qua fls mlibarols puac`o taoar uo p`îs y rambloas ao f`s ku`fas sa prasaokba uo `nibaota ca p`z, ast`ibfbc`c y tlt`f raspatl plr fls carakjls jun`ols. Ao vbrtuc ca fl axpuastl, af jun`ols prasaot prasaota a `rtîkufl cas`rrlff` tan`stalrî`s klnl7 clktrb clktrbo`, prbsbûo, cbvarsbc`c y carakjls ao af ku`f sa axploao klnlo`, af astbmn` ast`ifakbc` plr Arvbom Mlddn`o (9550, 9554) y fls pf`ota`nbaotls ca Nbkj`af Dluk`uft raspaktl `f dbo ca f` pao`. Ca bmu`f n`oar`, catarnbo` fls d`ktlras qua list`kufbz`o l pltaokb`o af raspatl ca fls carakjls jun`ols ca f` plif`kbûo FMISB qua sa aokuaotr` bonars` ao uo kaotrl paobtaokb`rbl, aotra fls ku`fas ku` fas sa cbstbom cbstbomuao uao af j`kb j`kbo`n o`nbao baotl, tl, f` cad cadbkb bkbaot aota a bodr`as bodr`astru truktu ktur` r` ca cbk cbkjls jls fum`ras, aotra ltrls `spaktls qua cbdbkuft`o cbkjl klnatbcl. Ao `cbkbûo ` fl `otarblr, `otarblr, sa axploa af tan` raf`kblo` raf`kblo`cl cl klo af raklolk raklolkbnbao bnbaotl tl ca f` bokfusbûo ca f`s klnuobc`cas FMISB ao fls ast`ifakbnbaotls paobtaokb`rbls, ao cloca sa bcaotbdbk`o k`sls puotu`fas qua radfag`o af mr`cl ca bokfusbvbc`c caf sbstan` paobtaokb`rbl y k`rkaf`rbl klflnib`ol  p`r` asta saktlr plif`kblo`f.

 

Ulr ÷ftbnl, y ol naols bnplrt`ota, sa aouokb` f` olrn`tbvbc`c vbmaota ao af Ast`cl klflnib`ol qua ramuf` f` prltakkbûo ca fls carakjls jun`ols ca f` plif`kbûo FMISB t`otl ao af ànibtl o`kblo`f klnl botaro`kblo`f, raf`kblo`ocl  gurbsprucaokb` ca f` Klrta Klostbtukblo`f, fayas, raslfukbloas `cnbobstr`tbv`s caf BOUAK y raklnaoc`kbloas ca ûrm`ols botaro`kblo`fas klnl f` LOQ slira f`s ramf`s nîobn`s ca f`s O`kbloas Qobc`s p`r` af tr`t`nbaotl ca fls rakfusls. Clktrbo`, prbsbûo, cbvarsbc`c y carakjls jun`ols

Ao af prasaota `p`rt`cl ca f` bovastbm`kbûo as plsbifa `o`fbz`r f`s plstur`s y talrî`s ca clktrbo`otas caf carakjl y ca f` slkblflmî` qua sa cast`k`o ao af tan` astucb`cl, klnl fl slo Nbkj`af Dluk`uft (kbt`cl plr Y`kk`, 955=) y Arvbom Mlddn`o (9550, 9554), va`nls7 U`rtbaocl caf jakjl qua, fls kaotrls paobtaokb`rbls ao fls ku`fas sa aokuaotr` rakfubc` f` plif`kbûo qua tuvl uo klnplrt`nbaotl casvb`cl ca fls p`rànatrls ast`ifakbcls plr f` slkbac`c, ` qubaoas sa fas j` `trbiubcl uo` pao` klnl ‖s`okbûo„ plr t`f `ktl, Nbkj`af Dluk`uft, j` axpfbk`cl raspaktl ca f` fûmbk` ca f` dbo`fbc`c ca f` pao` qua X…^ af n`fjakjlr, `f rli`r, k`funob`r, sakuastr`r l n`t`r, j` parcbcl adaktbv`naota af raspatl ` fls ibaoas gurîcbkls qua t`fas cafbtls pafbmr`o, klnl rasuft`o sar f` prlpbac`c, af jlolr, f` fbiart`c y f` vbc`. Klovbaoa aotlokas, j`kârsafl `praocar ca ouavl, parl aosaðàoclsafl af nbsnl, puas sa fa j`rà axparbnaot`r fl qua as parcar f` fbira cbsplsbkbûo ca sus ibaoas, ca su jlolr, ca su tbanpl y ca su kuarpl, p`r` qua f` raspata ` su vaz ao fls canàs X KBS@SBLO Bmo5= Vf ;5:9 ^

Ao `cbkbûo, pf`otaû f` cbstbokbûo aotra af k`stbml caf `fn` y af supfbkbl ca fls kuarpls, sbaocl f` prbnar` cat`ff`c` klnl uo mrbtl ca f` o`tur`faz` l caf klr`zûo y` qua ao fl radaraota `f supfbkbl ast`ifakî` qua sa plcî` kaotr`r klnl f` dbmur` caf klocao`cl. @canàs, klokfuya qua ffam`rà uo cî` ao qua af sar jun`ol sa caskuir` catràs caf cafbokuaota y asta sa klovbart` ra`fnaota ao af ligatl qua sa iusk` klrrambr ` tr`vâs ca f` rakfusbûo ao kaotrls paobtaokb`rbls y f`s kbaokb`s krbnbolfûmbk`s XKBS@SBLO [`o Vf 951: ^ . Draota ` f`s r`zloas ca fl qua âf ff`n` klnl k`stbml caf `fn`, X…^ as oakas oakas`rbl `rbl cataoarsa ao f`s talrî`s raf`tbv raf`tbv`s `s l talrî talrî`s `s ca f` pravaokbûo pravaokbûo,, ff`n`c`s `sî plr ku`otl sa lploao ` f` ratrbiukbûo y af krbtarbl caf t`fbûo qua clnbo`i`o ao f`s âplk`s `otarblras (Nazmar, 021:, pàm. ;:0), p`s`ocl ca f` ratr ratrbi biuk ukbû bûo o li lita taob obc` c` pl plrr af cafb cafbtl tl klna klnatbtbcl cl ` f` du duok okbû bûo o ca pr prav avao aobr brfl flss p`r` p`r` iaoadbkbl ca f` slkbac`c y caf cafbokuaota XKBS@SBLO [`o04 Vf 951: ^ .

 

Ca f` bodl bodlrn rn`k `kbû bûo o axpu axpuas ast` t` sa pu puac aca a axtr axtr`a `arr qua qua Dl Dluk uk`u `uftft cbrb cbrbma ma sus sus plstuf`cls plstuf `cls j`kb` af k`stbm k`stbml l caf `fn`, fl qua sa raf`kb raf`kblo` lo` klo qua f`s klocbk klocbkbloas bloas dîsbk`s ol j`kao qua uo` parslo` naglra su `ktu`r y puac` prap`r`rsa p`r` su rabosarkbûo ao f` slkbac`c, sa oakasbt` qua asta prlkasl sa` nàs prlduocl, qua flmra ffam`r ` f` botrlspakkbûo ca fls botarols p`r` qua iflquaao fl casals qua puac`o ffam`r ` saotbr ca `ktu`r n`f, k`us`rfa uo c`ðl ` f` slkbac`c `f tr`osmracbr  uo ibao gurîcbkl tutaf`cl.  @jlr` ibao, as prakbsl raf`kblo`r f` talrî` caf astbmn` ` f` ku`f sa radbrbû af slkbûflml Arvbom Mlddn`o ao su fbirl ‖Astbmn`7 f` bcaotbc`c catarblr`c`„ (9554), ao af ku`f cbstbomua tras tbpls ca astbmn`s y ` fl qua asta târnbol j`ka radaraokb`, `sî7  

Ao prbnar fum`r, f`s `ilnbo`kbloas caf kuarpl ‛ f`s cbstbot`s cadlrnbc`cas dîsbk`s-. Fuaml, fls cadaktls caf k`ràktar caf bocbvbcul qua sa parkbiao klnl d`ft` ca vlfu vlfuot ot`c `c,, p` p`sb sblo loas as tbrà tbràob obk` k`ss l `otb `otbo` o`tu tur` r`fa fas, s, kr kraa aaok okb` b`ss rî rîmb mbc` c`ss y d` d`fs fs`s `s,, casjloastbc`c. Slcls affls sa bodbarao ca klolkbcls bodlrnas slira, plr aganpfl, partur par turi`k i`kblo bloas as nao naot`f t`fas, as, rak rakfus fusblo bloas, as, `cb `cbkkb kkbloa loass ` f`s crl crlm`s m`s,, `fk `fkljl ljlfbs fbsnl, nl, jlnl jlnlsa saxu xu`f `fbc bc`c `c,, ca casa sanp npfa fal, l, bota botaot otls ls ca subk subkbc bcbl bl y kloc klocuk ukt` t`ss pl plfîfîtbtbk` k`ss axtranbst`s. Ulr ÷ftbnl, axbstao fls astbmn`s trbi`fas ycaklot`nbo`r f` r`z`, f` plr o`kbû y f`` rafbmbûo, suskaptbifas ca sar tr`osnbtbcls plr jaraokb` bmu`f tlcls fls nbanirls ca uo` d`nbfb` X…^. X…^Af târnbol astbmn` astbmn` sarà utbfbz` utbfbz`cl, cl, puas, p`r` j`kar radaraokb` ` uo `trbiutl prlduoc`naota cas`kracbt`clr8 parl fl qua ao ra`fbc`c sa oakasbt` as uo faomu`ga ca raf`kbloas, ol ca `trbiutls (Mlddn`o, 9554, pp. 03-01).

Ca bmu`f n`oar`, k`ia ras`ft`r qua Mlddn`o ao su fbirl ‖Botaro`cls7 aos`yls slira f` sbtu`kbûo slkb`f ca fls aodarnls naot`fas„ (9550) `dbrn` qua af astucbl ca f`s bostbtukbloas rastrbktbv`s tbaoa uo botarâs aspakb`f, tlc` vaz qua,   Uuaca aosað`rols fl qua j`ka f` maota, ku`ocl su axbstaokb` astà racukbc` ` fls juasls, p`r` prlkur`rsa ltr` aok`ro`cur`. Asklocrbgls, nacbls ca tr`osplrta, fum`ras fbiras, tarrbtlrbls, prlvbsbloas p`r` af botark`nibl akloûnbkl y slkb`f- t`fas slo,, `p` slo `p`rao raotan tanaot aota, a, fls afa afanao naotls tls nîo nîobnl bnlss qua raq raquba ubara ra acb acbdbk dbk`r `r uo` vbc`-. vbc`-. Lrcbo`rb`naota sa c`o plr casklot`cls, klnl p`rta caf prlpbl `gusta prbn`rbl8 vbâoclfls `rr`ok`cls ca f` axbstaokb` slkb`f nacb`ota ram`tals, `stukb`, duarz` y tr`p`karî`, plcanls `prakb`r ca ouavl tlc` su sbmobdbk`kbûo X…^ (Mlddn`o, 9550, pp. ;55-;50).  

Draota `f astucbl ca f`s bostbtukbloas ao naokbûo Mlddn`o ras`ft` ca bmu`f n`oar`, qua ao f` tlt`fbc`c ca cbkjls fum`ras sa prasaot`o kbart`s d`faokb`s ao su botarblr, botarb lr, prbokbp`fn prbokbp`fnaota aota ao fls `spaktls raf`kb raf`kblo`cls lo`cls klo su bodr`astrukt bodr`astruktur`, ur`, puas `cuka qua7

 

 

Af astuc astucbl bl ca f`s bostb bostbtukbl tukbloas oas tlt`fa tlt`fass sumbar sumbara a t`nibâo t`nibâo qua j`y kbartls kbartls puotls vufo vufoar` ar`if ifas as,, klnu klnuoa oass ` tl tlc` c` lrm` lrm`ob obz` z`kb kbûo ûo dl dlrn rn`f `f88 t` t`fa fas, s, fl flss capû capûsb sbtl tlss ca prlvbsbloas, f`s aodarnarî`s, f`s klkbo`s l fls `nibaotas ca tr`i`gl tâkobkl. Astls slo fls rbokloas j÷nacls cloca prlfbdar`o fls `gustas sakuoc`rbls, y casca cloca anpbaz` ` bodast`r af ast`ifakbnbaotl (Mlddn`o, 9550, p. ;50).

D`ktlra D`ktlras s qua list`kufbz` list`k ufbz`o o l pltaokb`o af raspatl ca fls carakjls carakjls jun`ols ca f` plif`kbûo FMISB

 @ fl f`rml ca f` jbstlrb` y ao f` `ktu`fbc`c j`o sbcl nuy krbtbk`cls fls kaotrls paobtaokb`rbls y k`rkaf`rbls, ol slfl klflnib`ols sbol ao tlc` @nârbk` F`tbo`, fls ku`fas ku` fas j`o pras prasaot aot`cl `cl kba kbart` rt`ss `cva `cvarsb rsbc`c c`cas as ao su n`o n`oagl agl,, cas`rrl cas`rrlffl ffl,, ao f` prlpl pr lplrk rkbû bûo o ca uo `nib `nibaot aota a qu qua a prl prlnu nuav` av` f` ras raslkb lkb`f `fbz bz`kb `kbûo ûo ` qu quba baoa oass sa aokuaotr`o `ffî rakfubcls y ao af kunpfbnbaotl ca fls dboas qua sa fa `trbiuya ` ltlrm`r uo` pao` prbv`tbv` ca f` fbiart`c ao cbdaraotas p`îsas. Ao astu astucb cbls ls ` obva obvaff f` f`tbtbol ol`n `narb arbk` k`ol ol,, j` sb sbcl cl ca cast st`k `k`c` `c` f` `u `usao saokb kb` ` ca jarr`nb jarr `nbaot aot`s `s qua tba tbaoao oao fls kaot kaotrls rls pao paobta btaokb` okb`rbl rblss p`r` p`r` prlplrk prlplrkblo blo`rfa `rfa ` fls botarol rols uo` k`fbc`c ca vbc` `ca cakku`c` p`r` qua flmr mr`o `o k`nib`r fls klnplrt klnpl rt`n `nba baot otls ls ca casv svb` b`cls cls qua maoar maoar`rl `rlo o su bo bomr mrasl asl `f `ffîfî,, plr af kl klot otr` r`rbl rbl,, caolt`o klnl Af duokblo`nbaotl ra`f ca f`s kàrkafas j`ka qua ast`s sa klovbart`o ao askuaf`s caf krbnao. Ca `kuarcl klo uo bodlrna caf Nbobstarbl ca Gustbkb` y Carakjls Jun`ols ca @rmaotbo`, ao uo klotaxtl ca `ft` axkfusbûo slkb`f, ao af qua f`s pars parslo lo`s `s ffam ffam`o `o k`c` k`c` vaz vaz nà nàss gûva gûvaoa oass ` f` f`ss pr prbs bsbl bloa oas, s, `q `qua uaffffls ls qua qua sl slo o `pras`cls plr cafbtls naolras y qua taoî`o vîokufls supardbkb`fas klo af krbnao lrm`obz`cl, tbaoao nukj`s prli`ibfbc`cas ca tarnbo`r prasls ca âf cur`ota af aokbarrl (Iuzzl, 9504).

Ao f` `ktu`fbc`c, sa j`o ffam`cl ` cast`k`r cbvarsls d`ktlras qua ffav`o ` f` vufo vufoar ar`k `kbû bûo o ca fls fls ca cara rakj kjls ls ju jun` n`ol olss ca f`s f`s pa pars rslo lo`s `s qu qua a j` j`ib ibt` t`o o l sa aokuaotr`o botaro`s aocauofls kaotrl paobtaokb`rbl y k`rkaf`rbl, taf` ca  gubkbl f` adaktbvbc`c sbstan`s paobtaokb`rbls y aofl qua fls ploa ku`fasaoslfl sa prlpaoca plr uo` lprasbûo slira f` parslo` qua klnatbû catarnbo`cl cafbtl, sbo taoar ao kuaot` qua as uo sar jun`ol y qua `f sar `pfbk`c` uo` pao` prbv`tbv` ca f` fbiart`c fbiart`c a bomras`r nukj nukj`s `s vakas ` uo kaotrl rastr rastrbktbvl bktbvl sa aokuaotr`o aokuaotr`o i` i`gl gl sbtu`kbloas qua anpalr`o su klocbkbûo. Ao af `rtîkufl tbtuf`cl ‖F` prbv`kbûo ca f` fbiart`c ao af n`rkl ca fls carakjls jun`ols„ sað`f` su `utlr qua7  @ota f` bok`p`kbc`c y prlmrasbvls arrlras ao af n`oagl ca fl krbnbo`f y fl paobtaokb`rbl, f`s kàrkafas f`tbol`narbk`o`s astào klf`ps`c`s plr af j`kbo`nbaotl y ast astl, l, aot aotra ra ltr`s ltr`s n÷f n÷ftbp tbpfas fas kua kuastb stbloa loas, s, j` maoar` maoar`cl cl sbtu`k sbtu`kblo bloas as ca axtran axtran` `

 

vblfaokb`, radfag`cl ao n`ylr l naolr nacbc` ao tlcls fls p`îsas (Fabv`, 950:, p. :).

Ao raf`kbûo klo fl `otarblr, Jaroàocaz (950=) cuc` ca sb sa ffav` ` k`il f` raslkb`fbz`kbûo cur`ota f` agakukbûo ca f` pao` prbv`tbv` ca f` fbiart`c, sbaocl aotaocbc` klnl af dbo ca f` nbsn` klo f` cadbkbaokb` bostbtukblo`f ca fls kaotrls paobtaokb`rbls qua ffav`o ` f` tr`osmrasbûo ca carakjls duoc`naot`fas fls botarols, t`fas klnl f` cbmobc`c jun`o`, botamrbc`c parslo`f, s`fuc, aotraca ltrls, prlc prlcuk uktl tl caf caf j` j`kb kbo` o`nb nbao aotl tl,, f` ca cadbdbkb kbao aokb kb` ` ca f` bodr bodr`a `ast stru rukt ktur ur` ` ca fls fls ast`ifakbnb ast`if akbnbaotls aotls paobtao paobtaokb`rbl kb`rbls, s, af parslo parslo`f `f qua sa castbo` p`r` ffav` ffav`rr ` k`il fls prlmr`n prlm r`n`s `s l prl prlyakt yaktls ls ca raslkb` raslkb`fbz fbz`kb `kbûo, ûo, y f` cad cadbkb bkbaot aota a `kka `kkasbi sbibfb bfbc`c c`c ` fls nbsnls plr p`rta ca fls botarols. Ao asta puotl, k`ia j`kar jbok`pb jbok`pbâ â ao f` cbdbkuft`c cbdbkuft`c qua prasaot prasaot`o `o fls saktlra saktlrass plif`kbloas ca aspakb`f prltakkbûo ku`ocl astào bonarsls ao nacbl ca uo kaotrl paobtaokb`rbl,  @m`oian (9554) naokblo` qua af carakjl ` f` botamrbc`c dîsbk` dîsbk` ploa ` kuastbûo y ` radfaxbûo f` vbc` nbsn`, su v`flr y su sbmobdbk`cl. Kbartls mrupls ca parslo`s n`rmbo n`r mbo`fb `fbz`c z`c`s `s ao af sbs sbstan tan` ` slk slkbla blaklo kloûnb ûnbkl kl y plf plfîtb îtbkl kl `kt `ktu`f u`f cag cag`o `o ca sar  v`fbls`s y cbmo`s ca jun`obc`c y plr aoca su vbc` as naols bnplrt`ota, su vbc` as uo` vbc` casouc` X…^ (Fabv`, 950:, p. 3).

Fls mrupls ca parslo` parslo`ss n`rmbo`fb n`rmbo`fbz`c`s z`c`s ` qua j`ka radaraokb` f` kbt` `otarblr, `otarblr, ol slfl sa raf`kblo`o ao f` `ktu`fbc`c klflnib`o` klo `spaktls slkblakloûnbkls l plfîtbkls `ktu`fas, `ktu`fas, sbol klo `spaktls ca mâoarl, ac`c, s`fuc s`fuc,, aotra ltrls, qua ` obvaf o`kblo`f j`o sbcl cast`k`cls y klosbcar`cls klnl saktlras plif`kblo`fas ca aspakb`f prltakkbûo, aotra fls ku`fas sa aokuaotr` af saktlr plif`kblo`f FMISB, af ku`f tbaoca ` prasaot`r uo` n`ylr vufoar`ibfbc`c draota ` tlcls fls d`ktlras y` naokblo`cls ku`ocl bomras`o ` uo kaotrl paobtaokb`rbl.

Yaklol Yakl olkb kbnb nbao aotl tl ca f` bokfu okfusb sbûo ûo ca f`s kln klnuob uobc`ca c`cas s FMIS FMISBB ao fls fls ast`ifakbnbaotls paobtaokb`rbls

 @jlr` ibao, prlduocbz`ocl uo plkl slira af saktlr plif`kblo`f FMISB, as prakbsl cakbr qua, jbstûrbk`naota `otas ca f` Klostbtukbûo Ulfîtbk` ca 0220, ol axbstî`o `otakacaotas ca prltakkbûo p`r` asta saktlr plif`kblo`f, as `sî klnl ÷obk`naota ao af p`îs sa aoklotr`i`o nlvbnbaotls fbcar`cls plr kbuc`c`ols qua fukj`rlo plr f` rabvbocbk`kbûo ca su carakjls jun`ols, aotra affls Faûo Wufat` klnl pbloarl ao f` kbuc`c ca Nacaffîo y duoc`clr caf parbûcbkl ca tanàtbk` FMISB ff`n`cl ‖Af ltrl„ y plstarblrnaota ` N`ouaf Taf`ocb` af ku`f dua duoc`clr caf Nlvbnbaotl plr f` Fbiar`kbûo jlnlsaxu`f Klflnib`ol, sukasl qua parnbtbû f`

 

kra`kbûo ca f` prbnar` n`rkj` plr fls carakjls jlnlsaxu`fas ao Klflnib`. @sî puas, pu as, pl plcan canls ls va varr kln klnl l i`gl i`gl ob obom omuo` uo` kbrku kbrkuos ost` t`okb okb` ` sa pr prasa asaot ot`i` `i` `fmu `fmuo` o` n`obdast`kb n`obd ast`kbûo ûo caf Ast`cl qua dlnaot`r` f` bokfu bokfusbûo sbûo p`r` ast` klnuobc` klnuobc`c. c. [lira astl j`y `utlras qua sa prlouokb`o ca f` sbmubaota n`oar`7  

R asb`caolast ast` ` stao n`o n`oar` y cas casca ca uo pf`ol ol mao f, 0, quataocba plcanl plc anls kln klnl ao Klflnib` Klflni axb axbsta o ar` `kl `klota otakbn kbnbao baotls tlspf` `ot `otas asmaoar` caar`f, 0220, 022 tao cbaota otasss `varflm flmr`r r`r luo` prltakkbûo p`r` f` klnuobc`c FMISB y nukjl naols axbstao `klotakbnbaotl u `ota `otaka kaca caot otas as `kar `kark` k` ca f` prlt prltak akkb kbûo ûo ca f` kl klnu nuob obc` c`c c FMISB FMISB ao ka kaot otrl rlss k`rkaf`rbls k`rka f`rbls,, puas ob sbqub sbqubar` ar` ` obvaf nuocb`f puacao aoklotr` aoklotr`rsa rsa y` qua klnl sa j` plcbcl pf`sn`r ao asta clkunaotl f` prltakkbûo ca f` klnuobc`c FMISB ao kaotrls k`rkaf`rbls as uo tan` raf`tbv`naota ouavl l nlcarol qua j`st` af cî` ca jly sbmua tln`ocl duarz` i`gl f` dbflsldî` ca fls carakjls jun`ols (Yb`ðl , N`vbsly, & Y`nîraz K`rraðl, 950:, p. ;0).

Af `p `p`rt `rt`cl `cl `ot `otarb arblr lr radfa radfag` g` kl klnl nl ao ma maoa oar` r`ff ol ax axbs bstbtb` ` uo ra rada dara raot ota a ca prltakkblo p`r` f` klnuobc`c FMISB ` k`rml caf Ast`cl y nukjl naols p`r` af saktlr ca ast` plif`kblo qua sa aoklotr`i` ao fls kaotrls paobtaokb`rbls y k`rkaf`rbls, r`zûo ca su vufoar`ibfbc`c `ota `dakt`kbloas ` sus carakjls jun`ols an`o`c`s ca f` d`ft` ca `kapt`kbûo plr p`rta ca f` slkbac`c klflnib`o` ca f` âplk` j`kb` f`s saxu`fbc`cas a bcaotbc`cas ca maoarl cbvars`s. [bo ani`rml, ` p`rtbr ca f` Klostbtukbûo Ulfîtbk` ca Klflnib` ca 0220 plcanls cakbr qua sa kbna kb naot ot`rl `rlo o f` f`ss i` i`sa sass p` p`r` r` ra rakl klolk olkar arfa fass af car carakj akjl l ` vb vbvb vbrr ao uo `n `nib ibao aota ta bokfusbvl y `sbnbsnl sa bnp`rtbû f` lifbm`kbûo klostbtukblo`f ` f`s `utlrbc`cas `cnbobstr`tbv`s y gucbkb`fas, klnl fls duokblo`rbls caf BOUAK ca m`r`otbz`r qua astl sa kunpf`.  @uo `sî, `uoqua klostbtukblo`fnaota sa va`o raklolkbc`s f`s m`r`otî`s ` f`s qua pravb`naota janls jakjl `fusbûo, axbstao avbcaokb`s klokrat`s slira k`sls ao fls qua af saktlr plif`kblo`f FMISB sa va sugatl ` `ktls ca vblfaokb` y cbskrbnbo`kbûo qua kf`r`naota bnplsbibfbt`o af olrn`f cas`rrlffl ca sus vbc`s kltbcb`o`s i`gl k`rkaf`rbl uo `nibaota bokfusbvl. aganpfl ca affl sa prasaotû ao aff`klotaxtl kàrkaf cbstrbt`f ca ao Ilmltà, cloca f` botaro` Qo K`rlfbo` Cî`z dua ligatl ca f` bnplsbkbûo ca ;5 cî`s ao uo k`f`ilzl ca `ft` samurbc`c klnl s`okbûo cbskbpfbo`rb` plr ias`r ` ltr` botaro`, jakjl qua dua k`t`flm`cl plr f`s `utlrbc`cas klnl uo` ‖klocukt` liskao`„, `sbnbsnl `f rakurrbr ` f` `kkbûo ca tutaf`, dua caoam`c` su slfbkbtuc t`otl t`otl plr af gguzm`cl uzm`cl `sbmo`cl ca Ilmltà, klnl plr f` Klrta Klostbtukblo`fX KBS@SBLO Guc00 Vf 951: ^. Af k`sl raf`t`cl raprasaot` avbcaotanaota uo` n`obdast`kbûo ca vblfaokb` y `f raspaktl ‖F` Klnbsbûo Botar`narbk`o` j` rakbibcl bodlrn`kbûo ca k`sls ca p`rag`s caf nbsnl saxl `t`k`c`s plr canlstr`r su `daktl ao p÷ifbkl, klnl tln`rsa ca f` n`ol, `k`rbkb`rsa, `ir`z`rsa l ias`rsa„ (KBCJ, 9501, p. :=) @canàs ca astl, af astucbl ca f` KBCJ bocbk` qua ao Klflnib` as uo` klocukt` rabtar`tbv` t`otl p`r`

 

af sa sakt ktlr lr plif plif`kb `kblo lo`f `f qua sa ao aokua kuaot otr` r` plr du duar ar` ` ca caff sbst sbstan an` ` k` k`rka rkaf` f`rbl rbl y paobtaokb`rbl klnl p`r` `quaffls qua sî j`kao p`rta ca asta.  @otarblrnaota, cakî`nls qua axbstî`o `ktls qua klnprlnatî`o af `nibaota bo bokf kfus usbv bvl l ca caot otrl rl caf caf sbst sbstan an` ` k`rkaf k`rkaf`r `rbl bl y pao paobtbtaok aokb` b`rb rbl l p` p`r` r` fl flss rakfu rakfusls sls ao Klflnib`. [bo ani`rml, ao uo prlyaktl bovastbm`tbvl ca f` Cadaoslrî` caf Uuaifl, sa radfag`o kbart`naota f`s oakasbc`cas ca p`rta ca f`s parslo`s qua j`kao p`rta caf saktlr plif`kblo`f FMISB qua sa aokuaotr`o rakfubc`s ao Klflnib`, y` qua duarlo aokuast`cls ` dbo ca qua axpras`r`o sus oakasbc`cas, aotra ltr`s kls`s, `fmuo`s ca ast`s duarlo7 --

Pua ssa a fas ` `utl utlrbk rbka a af bo bomra mrasl sl ca n n`qu `qubff bff`ga `ga y vvast astbcl bclss da danao naobol bols. s. [l [lfbfbkb kbt` t`o o fls fls tr tr`v `vas astbtbss qu qua a sa fas parnbt parnbt` ` ao aotr tr`r `r f`s jlrn jlrnlo lo`s `s dan danao aobo bo`s `s p`r` n`otaoar su kuarpl danbobz`cl. Pua o ol l sa fa fass ax axkfu kfuy` y` ca ttr`i` r`i`gls gls a ao o t`f t`ffar faras as pl plrr su kl klocb ocbkbû kbûo o FMIS Pua ol ssa a klo klosbc sbcara ara uo uo` ` d`ft d`ft` ` cbs cbskbp kbpfbo fbo`rb `rb` ` af s`f s`fuc` uc`rr klo uo iasl iasl ` sus p p`ra `rag`s g`s fls cî`s ca vbsbt`. Pu Pua a ol sa ut utbbfbk fbka af sbst bstan` an` ca tr` r`sf sf`c `cl l kln lnl l ax axpr pras asbû bûo o ca jl jlnl nldl dlib ib` ` ca duokblo`rbls caf BOUAK. Pua pua puac`o dlr dlrn`r n`r p`r p`rta ta sl c caf af asp kklnb lnbtâ tâîdbk c ca al Ca Carak Jun Jun`ol Pua fl flss c`o duok duokbl blo` o`rb rbls ls (k` (k`sl aspak akîd bkl carakjls uojls nâcb nâcbkl kl)`ols. ) ols.fas ast astâ â kr krbtbtbk bk`o `ocl cl su dlrn dlrn` ` ca vas vastbtbrr y klnpl klnplrt`rsa rt`rsa (klnpl (klnplrt`rs rt`rsa a (Lrtbz, Y`nls Ylcrîmuaz, & Àvbf` Ylg`s, 9552, p. 35).

 @sî puas, plcanls var klnl casca f` parspaktbv` ca fls nbsnls botarols sa puacao avbcaokb`r `ktls qua `taot`o ao klotr` ca sus carakjls jun`ols y qua slo parpatr` parpatr`cls cls plr duokbl duokblo`rb o`rbls ls qua dlr dlrn`o n`o p`rta p`rta ca asta sbsta sbstan`. n`. Af irava fbst`cl `otarblr radfag` f`s oakasbc`cas y patbkbloas qua affls pf`ota`o p`r` vbvbr  varc`car`naota ao uo `nibaota ca bokfusbûo, qua parnbt` su fbira cas`rrlffl ca f` `ota a tlc tlcl, l, f` cbm cbmobc` obc`c c pars pa rslo lo`f `fbc bc`c `c y ao cl cloc oca a sa fas fas raklolzk`raklolzk`,  raklolzk`raklolzk`,   `ot jun` ju n`o` o` qu qua a sa ao aoku kuao aotr tr` ` ra rakl klolk olkbc bc` ` p` p`r` r` tl tlcl clss kl klos ostbtbtu tukb kblo lo`f `fna naot ota, a, sb sbo o cbstbokbûo ca saxl, r`z`, atob` l rafbmbûo. Ulcanls `jlr` `ilrc`r, kûnl asta saktlr plif`kblo`f as sugatl ca `ktls vblfaotls qua vufoar`o sus carakjls jun`ols plr p`rta ca ltrls botarols, bokfusl ao `fmuo`s lk`sbloas plr duokblo`rbls caf BOUAK. Asta as af k`sl ca `quaffls qua vbvao klo TBJ caotrl caf sbstan` paobtaok paobtaokb`rbl b`rbl y k`rkaf k`rkaf`rbl `rbl ao Klfln Klflnib`, ib`, klnl fl avbcaokb` f` lrm`obz`kbûo Klflnib` Cbvars`7  

F` n`ylrî` ca f`s parslo`s aotravbst`c`s qua vbvao klo TBJ sað`f`rlo qua tbaoao prlifan`s drakuaotas p`r` af `kkasl lplrtuol y ca k`fbc`c ` fls nacbk`naotls. Ltrl prlifan` bcaotbdbk`cl as qua af parslo`f ca s`fuc ca f` kàrkaf ol n`oag` f` bodlrn`kbûo klo klodbcaokb`fbc`c, nltbvl plr af ku`f fls p`kbaotas slo vîktbn`s drak drakua uaot otas as ca ra rakj kj`z `zl l y cbsk cbskrb rbnb nbo` o`kkbûo bûo pl plrr p` p`rt rta a ca lt ltrl rlss klnp`ðarls‖ (klnp`ðarls‖(K`i`ffarl (klnp`ðarls‖( K`i`ffarl & Iljûrquaz, 9501).

 

Ulr fl `otarblrnaota axpras`cl, sa lisarv` uo kf`rl aganpfl ca fls adaktls oam`t oa m`tbv bvls ls qua qua tr tr`ao `ao klo klosb sbml ml fl flss as astbtbmn mn`s `s sl slira ira f` sax saxu` u`fbfbc` c`c c ao af sak saktl tlr  r  plif`kblo`f FMISB plr p`rta ca fls duokblo`rbls caf BOUAK y ca fls botarols8 pragubkbls qua kloffav`o ` qua f`s parslo`s ca cbkjl saktlr plif`kblo`f cai`o agarkar su saxu`fbc`c ca n`oar` kf`ocastbo`, uobcl `f jakjl ca qua ol tbaoao kln÷onaota `kkasl ` klocloas, fl qua j`ka qua sa d`kbfbta f` tr`osnbsbûo caf TBJ ao af klotaxtl k`rkaf`rbl y paobtaokb`rbl ao af qua vbvao. [ar uo` parslo` sarlplsbtbv` ao f` kàrkaf kbart`naota puaca tarnbo`r ao plsbifas raparkusbloas mr`vas ao f` s`fuc naot`f ca `quaffls botarols, qubaoas slo samram`cls ol slfl plr su klocbkbûo saxu`f l ca mâoarl, sbol t`nibâo plr  aoklot aok lotr`rs r`rsa a cb` cb`mol molstb stbk`cl k`clss kln klnl l p`k p`kbao baotas tas klo aod aodarn arnac` ac`c c raf`kb raf`kblo` lo`c` c` klo af TBJ. @canàs, su s`fuc dîsbk` sa va klnprlnatbc` `f aodraot`rsa ` ratls ao af `kkasl ` f` nacbk`kbûo qua oakasbt`o. Ulr ltrl f`cl, as oakas`rbl j`kar `fusbûo `f parnbsl ca vbsbt` îotbn` p`r` p`rag`s caf nbsnl saxl, af ku`f dua uo tan` qua maoarû mr`o ravuafl nacbàtbkl ao Klflnib` caibcl ` uo k`sl ao p`rtbkuf`r qua ffamû ` bost`okb`s botaro`kblo`fas, ao ast` lk`sbûo, af lrm`obsnl botaro`kblo`f klnpataota p`r` klolkar caf k`sl dua f` Klnbsbûo Botar`narbk`o` ca Carakjls Jun`ols, af ku`f ao af bodlrna ca dlocl Ol. 099/0:, klosbmoû7  

Af klogu kloguotl otl ca ast`s kbrku kbrkuost`o ost`okb`s, kb`s, `o`fbz `o`fbz`c`s `c`s ca n`oar` tr`os tr`osvars`f vars`f ao f` sbtu`kbûo ca N`rt` Àfv`raz, parnbtao catarnbo`r f` axbstaokb` ca uo `nibaota jlstbf klotr` su bcaotbc`c, su lrbaot`kbûo saxu`f y f` axprasbûo ca ast`, klotr` f`s `ktbvbc`cas ca cadaos` y prlnlkbûo ca carakjls ca m`bs y fasib`o`s qua ffavû ` k`il k`il y klot klotr` r` fls fls ra rakf kf`n `nls ls qua qua dl dlrn rnuf uf`i `i`, `, t` t`ot otl l `o `ota ta f` f`ss `u `utl tlrb rbc` c`ca cass `cnbobstr`tbv`s klnl gucbkb`fas. Asta `nibaota jlstbf dua af n`rkl y f` i`sa caf tr`tl cbskrbnbo`tlr cbskrbnbo`tlrbl bl qua rakbibû rakbibû̀̀ N`rt` Àfv`raz cur`ota f` prbv`kbûo prbv`kbûo ca fbiar fbiart`c t`c (KBCJ, 950:, p. 11).

As prakbsl ras`ft`r t`nibâo qua f`s kbrkuost`okb`s dàktbk`s caf k`sl ar`o f`s ca uo` nugar fasib`o` rakfubc` ao f` kàrkaf ca Uarabr` ff`n`c` ‖F` I`ca`„ ao af `ðl ca 0223, qua j`iî` slfbkbt`cl f` `utlrbz`kbûo p`r` qua su p`rag` caf nbsnl saxl pucbar` br y taoar uo` vbsbt` îotbn` klo aff`8 sbo ani`rml, ast` slfbkbtuc dua caoam`c` plr af cbraktlr caf kaotrl ca rakfusbûo ca f` kbuc`c p`r` f` âplk`, bokfusl caspuâs ca j`iarsa c`cl af vbstl iuaol plr p`rta ca f` Dbsk`fî` ;; ca [`otu`rbl. Draota ` astl, sa avbcaokb` klnl axbsta uo` kf`r` cbskrbnbo`kbûo y vufo vufoar ar`k `kbû bûo o `f ca cara rakj kjl l ju jun` n`ol ol ca f` bmu` bmu`fc fc`c `c,, y` qu qua a f`s f`s `u `utl tlrb rbc` c`ca cass `cnbobstr`tbv`s sa duoc`rlo ao krbtarbls suigatbvls y cbstbotls ` f` olrn`tbvbc`c vbmaota p`r` oam`r ast` slfbkbtuc `cukbaocl uo` botarprat`kbûo rastrbktbv` ca f` nbsn`.   @ astl sa `ð`ca qua f` saðlr` Àfv`raz dua sugat` ` f` nbsn` kf`sa ca cbskrbnbo`kbûo caf plcar gucbkb`f klflnib`ol duoc`c` ao su lrbaot`kbûo saxu`f.

 

Astl sa caia ` qua, `f `kucbr ` f`s bost`okb`s gucbkb`fas ao iusk` ca uo` rabvbocbk`kbûo ca sus carakjls ` tr`vâs caf nak`obsnl ca f` tutaf`, lituvl uo` raspuast` oam`tbv` plr p`rta ca f`s `utlrbc`cas gucbkb`fas qua klolkbarlo caf k`sl, ao cloca sa `rmunaot`rlo nltbvls sbnbf`ras ` fls qua ffav`rlo ` fls duokblo`rbls caf BOUAK ` tln`r as` cakbsbûo. @f raspaktl, sa lisarv` kûnl axbsta uo` kf`r` kra`kbûo ca uo `nibaota jlstbf p`r` uo` parslo` ca lrbaot`kbûo saxu`f cbvars`, bnpbcbaocl `sî qua sa fa ltlrmuao f`s nbsn`s klocbkbloas qua mlz`i`o f`s canàs botaro`s. [a caia `mram` `mram`rr qua, `uo ku`ocl f` bokfu bokfusbûo sbûo bnpfbk` rakbib rakbibrr tr`tl gustl ca f`s canà ca nàss pa parsl rslo`s o`s,, af affl fl pua puaca ca sar `f `fta tar`c r`cl l ao lk lk`s `sbl bloas oas ras raspak paktl tl ca caff sakt saktlr  lr  plif`kblo`f FMISB caotrl caf sbstan` paobtaokb`rbl y k`rkaf`rbl t`otl plr fls duokblo`rbls caf BOUAK, klnl plr sus klnp`ðarls, puas,  

@ vakas sa lisarv`o klocukt`s ol `prlpb`c`s klotr` ast` plif`kbûo, parl klo f`s k`np`ð`s y f`s `ktbvbc`cas qua sa ffav`o ` k`il sa avbcaokb` qua sî sa prlcuka uo bnp`ktl plsbtbvl y ffam` ` nbobnbz`rsa asta tbpl ca klnplrt`nbaotls jlstbfas ao fls botarols j`kb` asta klfaktbvl, prlpbkb`ocl uo `nibaota ca raspatl y tlfar`okb` j`kb` f` klnuobc`c FMISB X KBS@SBLO Kru04 Vf 951: ^.

[bo [bo an ani` i`rml rml,, `u `uoq oqua ua f` `ot `otar arbl blrr kbt` kbt` an an`o `o`c` `c` ca uo uo` ` ao aotr travb avbst st` ` ` uo uo` ` psbkûf psb kûflm` lm` qua tr` tr`i`g i`g`i` `i` p`r p`r` ` f` âplk âplk` ` ao af ast ast`if `ifakb akbnba nbaotl otl pao paobta btaokb okb`rb `rbl l y k`rkaf`rbl k`rkaf` rbl ca Tbff` Tbff`vbkaok vbkaokbl, bl, f` duaot duaota a c` kuaot` ca qua axbsta axbstao o `ktu`f `ktu`fnaota naota `ktls ca cbskrbnbo`kbûo plr ltrls rakfusls ao klotr` ca fls nbanirls ca f` klnuobc`c qua qu a bn bnpb pbca cao o su bo bokf kfus usbû bûo. o. S` S`ni nibâ bâo, o, sa pr prlpa lpaoc oca a pl plrr f` bn bnpf pfan anaot aot`k `kbû bûo o ca nacbc`s klnl k`np`ð`s y `ktbvbc`cas qua dlnaotao uo `nibaota p`kîdbkl caotrl ca f`s kàrkafas, fl qua j` taobcl adaktls plsbtbvls ao f`s vbc`s ca asta saktlr  plif`kblo`f, parnbtbaocl `sî qua sa maoara uo aotlrol ao cloca puac`o vbvbr  cbmo`naota bokfusl i`gl f` klocbkbûo ca ast`r `ktu`fnaota prbv`cls ca su fbiart`c. Olrn`tbv` y prltakkbûo ca fls carakjls ca f` plif`kbûo FMISB ao Klflnib`

Ltrl `spaktl p`r` cas`rrlff`r ao af prasaota `rtîkufl as af raf`kblo`cl klo f` olrn`tb olrn `tbvbc vbc`c `c axb axbsta staota ota qua sa aokuao aokuaotr` tr` vbo vbokuf kuf`c` `c` klo f` prl prltak takkbû kbûo o ca fls carakjls jun`ols caf saktlr plif`kblo`f FMISB ao fls kaotrls paobtaokb`rbls y k`rka k`r kaf` f`rb rbls ls ao Klfln Klflnib ib`. `. U`r U`r` ` af affl fl,, as oak oakas as`r `rbl bl na naok okbl blo` o`rr qu qua a f` duaot duaota a olrn`tbv` prbokbp`f klrrasploca ` f` Klostbtukbûo Ulfîtbk` ca Klflnib`, caibcl ` qua, sam÷o f` astruktur` `ktu`f caf Ast`cl klflnib`ol, as `quaff` f` aok`rm`c` ca dbg`r fls prbokbpbls raktlras qua vbokuf`o f`s `ktu`kbloas ca tlcls fls kbuc`c`ols. [b aotaocanls qua caotrl caf aspîrbtu ca su kra`kbûo sa aokuaotr` af klokaptl ca raspatl plr f` cbmobc`c jun`o`, tbaoa kloklrc`okb` af jakjl ca qua ao su `rtbkuf`cl `rtbku f`cl klotanpfa carakjls duoc`naot` duoc`naot`fas fas aok`nbo`cls ` su m`r`ot m`r`otî`, î`, ao fls ku`fas, p`r` af k`sl ligatl ca astucbl, sa j`ka n`ylr âod`sbs ao af carakjl ` f` bmu`fc`c, af ku`f radbara sa caiao tr`t`r ` tlc`s f`s parslo`s ca n`oar` bmu`f,

 

m`r`otbzàoclfas fls nbsnls carakjls, lplrtuobc`cas y fbiart`cas y ol j`irà fum`r  `fmuol p`r` ku`fqubar tbpl ca cbskrbnbo`kbûo plr r`zloas ca saxl, r`z`, rafbmbûo, aotra ltrls (Klost.,0220, @rt. 0;).   @sbnb @sbnbsnl, snl, sa ras`ft` af carakjl `f fbira cas`rrlffl ca f` parslo`fbc`c, parslo`fbc`c, af ku`f caia sar raspat`cl plr tlcls fls saras jun`ols y `pfbk` prbokbp`fnaota ao af k`sl ao klokratl plrqua ao af nlnaotl ao qua f`s parslo`s qua j`kao p`rta caf saktlr plif`kblo`f FMISB bomras`o ` uo kaotrl paobtaokb`rbl, asta carakjl ol sa puac pu aca a va varr `dak `dakt` t`cl cl plr plr p`r `rta ta ca fls fls botar otarol olss ob ca obomu bomuo` o` `u `utl tlrb rbc` c`c c `cnbobstr`tbv`.  @cbkblo`f ` fl `otarblr, as caibcl raklolkar qua ouastrl ast`cl klflnib`ol sa sugat` ` f`s olrn`s botaro`kblo`fas qua j`kao p`rta ca fls klovaobls qua asta suskrbia, raklrc`ocl `sî qua fls nbsnls tbaoao uo k`ràktar vbokuf`ota qua lifbm` `f ast`cl dbrn`ota. As plr astl qua sa cast`k` f` partboaokb` ca tr`ar ` klfbsbûo ramf`s ca tr`tl nîobnl draota ` fls rakfusls, p`rtbkuf`rnaot p`rtbkuf`rnaota a i`gl f`s klocbkb klocbkbloas loas ca bc bcaot aotbc bc`c `c ca mâ mâoar oarl l y sa saxu` xu`fbfbc` c`c c cbva cbvars rs` ` ast` ast`if ifak akbc bc`s `s pl plrr af Kl Klosa osagl gl Akloûnbkl y [lkb`f ca f`s O`kbloas Qobc`s `sî7 0. F`s pras prasaotas aotas ra ramf`s mf`s sa `p `pfbk`r fbk`rào ào ca dlrn` bbnp`rk np`rkb`f. b`f. Ol j` j`irà irà cbsk cbskrbnbo rbnbo`kbûo `kbûo plr  nltbvls ca r`z`, klflr, saxl, bcbln`, rafbmbûo, lpbobûo plfîtbk` l ca ku`fqubar ltr` îoclfa, lrbmao o`kblo`f l slkb`f, dlrtuo`, o`kbnbaotl l ku`fqubar ltr` sbtu`kbûo. Caiarào raspat`rsa f`s kraaokb`s rafbmbls`s y prakaptls nlr`fas ca fls rakfusls. 9. Klo af prlp prlpûsbtl ûsbtl ca `pf `pfbk`r bk`r af prbok prbokbpbl bpbl ca ol cbsk cbskrbnbo rbnbo`kbûo `kbûo,, f`s `cnbob `cnbobstr`k str`kbloas bloas paobtaokb`rb`s taocrào ao kuaot` f`s oakasbc`cas bocbvbcu`fas ca fls rakfusls, ao p`rtbk p`r tbkuf` uf`rr ca f`s k`t k`taml amlrî` rî`ss nàs vuf vufoar oar`if `ifas as ao af klo klotax taxtl tl pao paobta btaokb okb`rb `rbl. l. [a caiarào `clpt`r nacbc`s ca prltakkbûo y prlnlkbûo ca fls carakjls ca fls rakfus rak fusls ls klo oak oakasb asbc`c c`cas as asp aspakb akb`fa `fas, s, y cbkj`s cbkj`s nac nacbc` bc`ss ol sa klosbc klosbcar` ar`rào rào cbskrbnbo`tlrb`s (QOLCK, 9501, p. 05)

Ao cadbobtbv`, fls astàoc`ras ca prltakkbûo botaro`kblo`fas ramf`naot`o af tr`tl nîobnl qua ao tlcl nlnaotj`kb` l saflsfarakfusls s raklocaf lzksaktlr ` suplif`kblo`f cbmobc`c FMISB jun`ca o` t`fyn`oar` sa bnpfanaotao nacbc`sbnpfanaotao nacbc`s t`fas nacbc`s t`fas klnl kursls ca k`p`kbt`kbûo p`r` fls botarols y duokblo`rbls, `canàs ca prlvbsbûo ca klocloas klo f` dbo`fbc`c ca racukbr f` prlp`m`kbûo ca aodarnac`cas ca tr`osnbsbûo saxu`f ao asta saktlr plif`kblo`f. Ao talrî`, taobaocl ao kuaot` af n`rkl olrn`tbvl botaro`kblo`f y o`kblo`f ol caiarî` j`iar k`sls ca cbskrbnbo`kbûo y `ktls vblfaotls ao klotr` ca asta mrupl ca aspakb`f prltakkbûo klostbtukblo`f, sbo ani`rml, klnl pravb`naota j` sbcl canlstr`cl, asa ol as af k`sl. Ulr t`otl, ao v`rb`s kbrkuost`okb`s f`s parslo`s ` f`s qua sa fas vao vblfaot`cls sus carakjls jun`ols caiao `kucbr ` bost`okb`s  gucbkb`fas p`r` rap`r`r af c`ðl k`us`cl, ku`ocl, sam÷o fls p`rànatrls klokaibcls plr f` Klrta Klostbtukblo`f

 

 

Cbkj`s fbnbt`kbloas y rastrbkkbloas k`razk`o ca uo `fk`oka t`f qua (b) casklolzk`o f` prljbibkbûo klostbtukblo`f ca cbskrbnbo`kbûo ao r`zûo ca f` bcaotbc`c u lpkbûo saxu`f sax u`f88 l (bb) (bb) `da `dakta ktao o af car carakj akjl l duo duoc`n c`naot aot`f `f y prbokb prbokbpbl pbl klo klostb stbtuk tukblo blo`f `f ca f` cbmobc`c jun`o`, af ku`f kloffav` f` d`kuft`c caf sugatl ca lpt`r plr uo` bcaotbc`c saxu`f y ` agarkar klnplrt`nbaotls y `ktbtucas carbv`cls ca f` nbsn`„ (Klrta Klostbtukblo`f, 9500, p .0)

As `sî klnl af jakjl ca qua f` nbsn` Klrta Klostbtukblo`f j`y` taobcl qua botarvaobr ao af tr`tl ca fls botarols `ota f`s cbskrbnbo`kbloas surmbc`s klo i`sa ao su lrbaot`kbûo saxu`f l bcaotbc`c ca mâoarl bocbk` qua `uoqua sa ast`ifakbû qua fls duokblo`rbls ca fls kaotrls paobtaokb`rbls y k`rkaf`rbls `clpt`o nacbc`s taobaocl ao kuaot` qua fls carakjls duoc`naot`fas ca fls botarols sa aokuaotr`o rastrbombcls y fbnbt`cls, sa caia taoar prasaota qua f`s ramf`s dbg`c`s plr f` Klrta ast`ifakao qua f`s nacbc`s ol caiao `dakt`r af o÷kfal asaokb`f ca carakjls cbstbotls f` fbiart`c ca flklnlkbûo y f` fbiart`c parslo`f. Ulr ltrl f`cl, t`nibâo j` quac`cl kf`rl qua ast`s nacbc`s ol sa puacao duoc`r ao klokapkbloas cbskrbnbo`tlrb`s `rr`bm`c`s caf klotaxtl pragubkblsl qua ao sa j` j`kb` ast` qua klnuobc`c, `sbnbsnl avbcaokb` af FMISB jakjl ca quaKlflnib` as ` tr`vâs ca taobcl f` gurbsprucaokb` fls carakjls ca f`s parslo`s sa j`o plcbcl rabvbocbk`r.  @uo `sî, af k`sl ca N`rt` Àfv`raz ao klotr` af Ast`cl klflnib`ol canlstrû qua f`s `utlrb `utlrbc`cas c`cas gucbkb` gucbkb`fas fas ol sbanpr sbanpra a v`o ` tln`r uo` plsbkbûo d`vlr`ifa d`vlr`ifa.. As plr fl qua, ` p`rtbr caf bodlrna ca dlocl prldarbcl plr f` Klrta Botar`narbk`o` ca Carakjls Jun`ols, plr raklnaoc`kbûo caf nbobstarbl caf botarblr, af BOUAK sa vbl lifbm`cl lifbm` cl ` `ktu` `ktu`fbz`r fbz`r f` olrn`tbvbc` olrn`tbvbc`c c qua ramf`naot` af agarkbkbl agarkbkbl ca su `ktbvbc`c, `ktbvbc`c, ao iusk` ca m`r`otbz`r pfao`naota fls carakjls ca asta saktlr plif`kblo`f. [bo ani`rml, af jakjl ca qua sa prldbar` ast` raslfukbûo ol sbmobdbk` qua sa kunpf` ` k`i`fbc`c y ca n`oar` maoar`f plr tlcl af tarrbtlrbl klflnib`ol. Ulr fl ku`f, sa caia axjlrt`r f` oakasbc`c ca qua sa j`m` uo samubn samubnbaotl baotl sarbl `f kunpfbnba kunpfbnbaotl otl ca ast`s nacbc`s, ca f`s qua `fmuo`s, aotra t`ot`s, klrrasplocao `7  

[lkb`fbz`r aotra fls kln`oc`otas ca vbmbf`okb` ramblo`f y ca ast`ifakbnbaotls ca rakfusbûo rakfus bûo af clkun clkunaotl aotl caf sbst sbstan` an` ca mastb mastbûo ûo botam botamr`cl r`cl raspaktl ` f`s parslo`s FMISB, ` adaktls ca bostrubr `f parslo`f caf kuarpl ca kustlcb` y vbmbf`okb` slira af aodl aodlqu qua a cbda cbdara raok okb` b`f,f, f` ol cbsk cbskrb rbnb nbo` o`kb kbûo ûo,, fl flss pr prlp lpûs ûsbtbtls ls y `f `fk` k`ok okas as ca f` f`ss olrn`tbv`s nlcbdbk`c`s, fl prlpbl klo af ramf`naotl botarol ca fls arlo uo` vaz sa câ su nlcbdbk`kbûo (BOUAK, 9504, p. 1).

Ulr ÷ftbnl, y ol naols bnplrt`ota, sa tbaoa ` obvaf olrn`tbvl f` Fay 0=52 ca 9503, plr nacbl ca f` ku`f sa radlrn`o `fmuols `rtîkufls caf Kûcbml Uaobtaokb`rbl y K`rka K` rkaf` f`rbl rbl,, ca caff Kû Kûcb cbml ml Ua Uao` o`ff y ca f` Fa Fayy 11 ca 02 02:1 :1,, f` ku`f ku`f kl klot otba baoa oa ao su `rtîk `rt îkuf ufl l 9µ af pr prbo bokb kbpb pbl l ca ao aodl dlqu qua a cb cbda darao raokb kb`f `f,, raf raf`kb `kblo lo`c `cl l kl klo o f` f`ss na nacb cbc` c`ss paobtaokb`rb`s klotaobc`s ao f` fay ca n`oar` maoar`f ca f` sbmubaota n`oar`7

 

 

Af prbokb prbokbpbl pbl ca aod aodlqu lqua a cbd cbdara araokb okb`f `f rak raklol lolka ka qua j`y pli plif`k f`kblo bloas as klo k`r`ktarîstbk`s p`rtbkuf`ras ao r`zûo ca su ac`c, mâoarl, rafbmbûo, bcaotbc`c ca mâoarl, lrbaot`kbûo saxu`f, r`z`, atob`, sbtu`kbûo ca cbsk`p`kbc`c y ku`fqubar` ltr`. Ulr t`f r`zûo, f`s nacbc`s paobtaokb`rb`s klotaobc`s ao f` prasaota fay, klot`rào klo cbkjl aodlqua.

 

Af Mlibarol O`kblo`f ast`ifakarà aspakb`fas klocbkbloas ca rakfusbûo p`r` fls prlk prlkas as`c `cls ls y kloc klocao ao`c `cls ls qu qua a j`y` j`y`o o sbcl sbcl pl plst stuf uf`c `cls ls pl plrr as asta ta p` p`r` r` sa sar  r  iaoadbkb`rbls ca f` pao` `ftaro`tbv` ast`ifakbc` plr f` Fay 2=1 2=1 ca  ca 9551 l qua sa j`y`o casnlvbfbz`cl klnl klosakuaokb` ca uo prlkasl ca p`z klo af Mlibarol O`kblo`f (Fay 0=52,9503, `rt. 9).

Klokfusbloas

Ao fl raf`tbvl ` fls plstuf`cls clktrbo`fas, as plsbifa klokfubr qua  f`s parslo`s qua astào bonars`s ao kaotrls paobtaokb`rbls caiao `o`fbz`rsa nàs `ffà ca f` dbmur` caf krbnbo`f, astl as, klnl uo sar jun`ol qua tbaoa carakjls, saotbcls, saotbnbaotls, oakasbc`cas8 plr t`otl, su k`stb k`stbml ml ol caia sar slfl dîsbkl puas asta fl vbva klo af sbnpfa jakjl ca parcar su fbiart`c y taoar qua cas`rrlff`r su vbc` ao uo kaotrl paobtaokb`rbl, cloca sus klocbkbloas slo nuy cbdaraotas ao ku`otl ` f` `fbnaot`kbûo, f` botbnbc`c, af aokbarrl, aotra ltrls `spaktls ca bmu`f rafav`okb` qua k`nib`o ao af nlnaotl qua uo` parslo` bomras` ` uo kaotrl ca rakfusbûo. Ca f` nbsn` n`oar`, sa puacao axtr`kt`r kbart`s d`faokb`s qua sa prasaot`o ` fl f`rml caf tbanpl ao f`s bostbtukbloas rastrbktbv`s, ca f`s ku`fas j`kao p`rta fls kaotrls paobtaokb`rbls y k`rkaf`rbls, ol slf`naota klflnib`ols sbol lisarv`cls casca uo` parspaktbv` botaro`kblo`f, cloca sa radfag` klnl ` fl f`rml caf tbanpl t`otl f`s parslo`s jlnlsaxu`fas klnl `quaff`s qua j`o sbcl rakfubc`s ao asta tbpl ca bostbtukbloas, slo astbmn`tbz`c`s y rakj`z`c`s plr nacbl ca `ktls vblfaotls, nacb`ota af anpfal ca f` duarz` y canàs `ktls qua f`s casplg`o ca su axbstaokb` slkb`f.  @f bcaotbdbk`r klnl afflni j`kbo`nbaotl, cadbkbaota ca fl f`s bo bodr dr`a `ast stru rukt ktur` ur` aod`ktlras f` f`ss kà kàrka rkafa fass kl klfl nib` b`o`s o`s y f` af d`ftft` d` `ast`cl ca adak adaktb tbvb vbc`c c`c ao fls prlmr pr lmr`n `n`s `s ca ra rasl slkb kb`f `fbz` bz`kb kbûo ûo , pl plca canl nlss cakbr cakbr qua sa ao aoku kuaot aotr`o r`o ao tl tlt` t`ff cas`kuarcl klo f` nat` ca fukj`r klotr` f` cafbokuaokb` lrm`obz`c` klotanpf`c` ao af ligatbvl Oµ 04 ca f` @maoc` 95;5, y` qua asta tbpl ca afanaotls bnpbcao qua sa racuzk`o fls îocbkas ca rabokbcaokb` krbnbo`f p`r` tlcls fls botarols y qua p`r` olsltrls radfag` af ast`cl ca uo` bostbtukbûo câibf qua ol prlnuava uo` slkb slkbac ac`c `c p` p`kb kbdbdbk` k` a bokf bokfus usbv bv` ` . @ su vaz, vaz, ca caia ianl nlss ra rabtbtar ar`r `r qua qua `dak `dakt` t`o o aspakb`fnaota `f y` vufoar`ifa saktlr plif`kblo`f FMISB ao af klotaxtl k`rkaf`rbl y paobtaokb`rbl klflnib`ol ` qubaoas, klnl sa avbcaokbû ao af cas`rrlffl caf `rtîkufl ao vbrtuc ` fls d`ktlras y naokblo`cls ol sa fas m`r`otbz` ca n`oar` adaktbv` af raspatl ca sus carakjls jun`ols.

 

Ulr ltrl f`cl, ao ku`otl `f raklolkbnbaotl ca `ktls qua bnpbcao f` bokfusbûo ca f` klnuobc`c FMISB ao af sbstan` paobtaokb`rbl y k`rkaf`rbl plcanls klokfubr qua ao ouastrl klotaxtl `ktu`f sî axbstao. @sî puas, janls cag`cl avbcaokb`cl klnl fls nbanirls qua j`kao p`rta ca ast` klnuobc`c sa vao sugatls ` `ktls ca vblfaokb` plr p`rta ca fls duokblo`rbls caf BOUAK y t`nibâo plr fls botarols qua klovbvao klo affls. @ n`oar` ca rak`pbtuf`kbûo, plcanls cakbr qua fls `ktls qua bnpbcao f` bokfusbûo ca asta saktlr slo f` vblfaokb` dîsbk`, psbklfûmbk` y saxu`f, bnplsbkbûo ca nacbc`s cbskbpfbo`rb`s i`s`c`s ao su bcaotbc`c saxu`f u lrbaot`kbûo saxu`f, axbstaokb` axbstaokb` ca cbdbk cbdbkuft`cas uft`cas ao af `kkasl ` f` nacbk`kbûo raquarb raquarbc` c` p`r` fls p`kbaotas p`kbao tas klo aodar aodarnac`c nac`c raf`kblo`c raf`kblo`c` ` klo af TBJ, casklolkb casklolkbnbaotl nbaotl ca m`r`ot m`r`otî`s î`s klnl f` vbsbt` vbsbt` îotbn` ku`o ku`ocl cl sa tr`t` ca p`rag`s caf nb nbsnl snl saxl, sba sbaocl ocl ast`s canlstr`kbloas ca jakjls qua bnpbcao qua ast`s parslo`s axbst`o pfao`naota i`gl af sbstan` paobtaokb`rbl y k`rkaf`rbl klflnib`ol . As plr astl qua, ao asta `spaktl af Ast`cl klflnib`ol, taobaocl ao kuaot` f`s lifbm`kbloas qua klotr`a `f `clpt`r fls ligatbvls ca cas`rrlffl slstaobifa, sa caia aok`rm`r ca cbsnboubr f` `p`rbkbûo `p`rbk bûo ca astls `ktls ca vblfaokb` vblfaokb`,, y` qua v`o ao klnpfa klnpfatl tl cas`kuarcl klo fl pf`ota`cl ao af ligatbvl 04 ‖U`z, gustbkb` a bostbtukbloas sûfbc`s„, ao t`otl astls nbsnls ao f` @maoc` 95;5 prataocao f` racukkbûo ca tlc`s f`s dlrn`s ca vblfaokb`. Caf nbsnl nlcl, aoklotr`nls qua f` olrn`tbvbc`c vbmaota ao Klflnib` pravâ m`r`otî`s ao n`tarb` ca prltakkbûo p`r` f` klnuobc`c FMISB qua sa aokuaotr` i`gl af sbstan` paobtaokb`rbl y k`rkaf`rbl8 flmr`nls avbcaokb`r qua ao af lrcao botarol botarol sa kua kuaot` ot` klo cbs cbspls plsbkb bkbloa loass klo klostb stbtuk tukblo blo`fa `fass ao dlr dlrn` n` ca car carakjl akjlss duoc`naot`fas klnl af fbira cas`rrlffl ca f` parslo`fbc`c y f` cbmobc`c jun`o`, `rtîkufls caotrl caf kûcbml paobtaokb`rbl y t`nibâo raslfukbloas `cnbobstr`tbv`s prldarbc`s plr f` aotbc`c aok`rm`c` ca `cnbobstr`r astls sbstan`s, qua prljîiao ku`f ku`fqu quba barr dlrn dlrn` ` ca cbsk cbskrb rbnb nbo` o`kb kbûo ûo duoc duoc`n `nao aot` t`c` c` ao pr prag agub ubkb kbls ls j` j`kb kb` ` f`s f`s bcaotbc`cas ca mâoarl y lrbaot`kbloas saxu`fas cbvars`s. Ulr ltrl f`cl, t`nibâo sa aotbaocao klnl vbokuf`otas p`r` af Ast`cl ca Klflnib` f`s raklnaoc`kbloas prldarbc`s plr af Klosagl Akloûnbkl ca f`s O`kbloas Qobc`s slira f`s ramf`s nîob nî obn` n`ss ca `tr tr`t `tl klo klo cbskrbnbo`tlrbls fls fls ra rakf kfus usls ls qu qua a klot klotan anpf pf`o `o ao uo[bo nb nbsn snl l saot saotbc bcl prljbibkbloas flsl `ktls pravb`naota bocbk`cls. ani`rml, flsl k`sls qua bocbk`nls `otarblrnaota ols parnbtao avbcaokb`r qua ao n`tarb` ca `pfbk`kbûo ast` olrn`tbvbc`c as bosudbkbaota, y` qua samubnls vbaocl `ktls ca vblfaokb` vblfa okb` y cbskrbn cbskrbnbo`tlr bo`tlrbls bls ao klotr` ca asta saktlr plif`kblo`f plif`kblo`f.. Ulr t`f r`zûo, af sbstan sbs tan` ` paobta paobtaokb` okb`rbl rbl y k`rkaf` k`rkaf`rbl rbl klf klflni lnib`o b`ol l cai caia a aok aok`rm` `rm`rsa rsa ca tln tln`r `r f`s nacbc`s sudbkbaotas p`r` arr`cbk`r asta tr`tl cbskrbnbo`tlrbl sbmubaocl f` olrn`tbv` axbstaota ao ast` n`tarb` y ca ast` n`oar` m`r`otbz`r f` prltakkbûo ca f`s fbiart`cas duoc`naot`fas, qua sam÷o af ligatbvl 04 ca f` @maoc` 95;5 as fl qua caiao flmr`r f`s bostbtukbloas p`r` k`t`flm`rsa klnl sûfbc`s.

 

Yadaraokb`s

Iuzzl Iuz zl,, @. (9 (950 504). 4). Url Urlif ifan an` ` K` K`rk rkaf af`rb `rbl l ao @n @nârb ârbk` k` F`t F`tbo bo`7 `7 @u @utl tlmli mliba barol rol,, Tblfaokb`, y Ast`cl @usaota. Litaobcl ca jttps7//www.p`olr`n`s.pbtt.acu/ja`ftj-`oc-slkbaty/prlifan`-k`rkaf`rbl-ao`n%K;%@2rbk`-f`tbo`-`utlmlibarol-vblfaokb`-y-ast`cl-`usaota K`i` K` i`ffffar arl, l, N. @. @.,, & Il Iljû jûrq rquaz uaz,, N. T. (9501 (9501). ). Ca Caff `n `nlr lr y lt ltr` r`ss kl kloc ocao` ao`s7 s7 Uars Ua rslo lo`s `s FM FMIS IS ao f`s f`s kàrk kàrkaf afas as ca Kl Klfl flni nib` b`.. Klfln Klflnib` ib` cbvars`, ;3. Lita Li taob obcl cl ca jttp jt tps7 s7// //kl klfl flni nib` b`cb cbva vars rs`. `.lr lrm/ m/kl klfl flni nib` b`cb cbvar vars`9 s`9504 504/w /wppklotaot/upfl`cs/9504/09/klflnib`-cbvars`-parslo`s-FMIS-ao-k`rkafas-caklflnib`-950;-9503.pcd  KB KBCJ CJ,, K. B. (9 (950 501) 1).. Tblfa blfaok okb` b` kl klot otr` r` pa pars rslo lo`s `s FM FMIS ISBB. :=. :=. Litao itaobbcl ca jttp7//www.l`s.lrm/as/kbcj/bodlrnas/pcds/vblfaokb`parslo`sfmitb.pcd  KBCJ, K. B. (1 ca Lktuira ca 950:). Bodlrna Ol. 099/0: K`sl 00.414. (N. F. Mbr`fcl, Ac.) Litaobcl ca jttps7//www.l`s.lrm/as/kbcj/cakbsbloas/950:/KLUQ00414A[.pcd  Klomrasl ca Klflnib`. (95 ca Aoarl ca 9503 ). @rtîkufl 9. Ulr nacbl ca f` ku`f sa radlrn`o `fmuols `rtîkufls ca f` Fay 41 ca 022;, ca f` Fay 122 ca 9555, ca f` Fay 11 ca 02:1 y sa cbkt`o ltr`s cbsplsbkbloas.. XFay 0=52 ca 9503 CL7 32.5;2 jttp7//www.sakrat`rb`sao`cl.mlv.kl/sao`cl/i`saclk/fay\5122\9555.jtnf Klomrasl ca Klflnib`. (93 ca gufbl ca 9555). @rtîkufl 3. Kûcbml Uao`f. XFay 122 ca 9555^. CL7 33.52= jttp7//www.sakrat`rb`sao`cl.mlv.kl/sao`cl/i`saclk/fay\5122\9555.jtnf Klostbtukbûo Ulfîtbk` ca Klflnib` XKlost^ (0220). jttp7//www.sakrat`rb`sao`cl.mlv.kl/sao`cl/i`saclk/klostbtukblo\plfbtbk`\0 220.jtnf Klrta Klostbtukblo`f, [`f` Olvao` ca Yavbsbûo. (9500). [aotaokb` S-549 ca 9500. XN.U. Cr . Fubs Aroastl T`rm`s [bfv`^ jttps7//www.klrtaklostbtukblo`f.mlv.kl/raf`tlrb`/9500/t-549-00.jtn Kruz, Kruz, R. @. (9 (9504 504). ). Ca Cara rakjl kjlss ca f` f`ss pa parsl rslo`s o`s FM FMIS ISBB ao af ast` ast`if ifak akbn bnba baot otl l Yavbst` ` Urlfamûnaols Urlfamûnaols, 90. paob pa obta taok okb` b`rb rbl l y k` k`rka rkaf` f`rb rbl l ca Tb Tbffff`v `vbk bkak akbl bl.. Yavbst Litaobcl ca jttp7//www.skbafl.lrm.kl/pcd/prlfa/v02o;:/v02o;:`59.pcd 

 

Mlddn`o, A. (9550). Botar Botaro`cls7 o`cls7 aos`yl slira f` sbtu`kbûo sbtu`kbûo slkb`f ca fls aodarnls naot`fas. Iuaols @bras7 @nlrrlrtu7 @nlrrlrtu acbtlras [.@. Litaobcl ca jttps7//slkblflmb`ykuftur`.dbfas.wlrcprass.kln/9503/59/mlddn`obotaro`cls.p cd  Mlddn`o, A. (9550). Botaro`cls7 aos`yls slira f` sbtu`kbûo slkb`f ca fls aodarnls naot`fas. Iuaols @bras7 @nlrrlrtu7 @nlrrlrtu acbtlras [.@. Litaobcl ca jttps7//slkblflmb`ykuftur`.dbfas.wlrcprass.kln/9503/59/mlddn`obotaro`cls.p cd  Mlddn`o, A. (9554). Astbm Astbmn`7 n`7 F` bcaotbc`c bcaotbc`c catarblr`c`. catarblr`c`. Iuaols `bras7 @nlrrlrtu7  @nlrrlrtu Acbtlras [.@. Litaobcl ca jttps7//slkblflmb`ykuftur`.dbfas.wlrcprass.kln/9503/59/mlddn`o-astbmn`.pcd  Jaroàocaz, O. (950=). F` raslkb` Jaroàocaz, raslkb`fbz`kb fbz`kbûo ûo klnl dbo ca f` pao` - uo` drustr`kb drustr`kbûo ûo ao af sb sbst stan an` ` pa paob obta taokb okb`r `rbl bl y k` k`rka rkaf` f`rb rbl l kl klfl flni nib` b`ol ol.. Yav Yavbst bst` ` ca carakj carakjl l. Litaobcl Litao bcl ca jttp7 jttp7//www //www.skbaf .skbafl.ir/p l.ir/pcd/kk cd/kkrj/v;5o rj/v;5o:0/505 :0/505;-32=2-k ;-32=2-kkrj-;5-: krj-;5-:0051;2.pcd  BOUAK, B. O. (9504). Kunpfbnbaotl caf BOUAK ` f`s raklnaoc`kbloas anbtbc`s plr  f` Klnbsbûo Botar`narbk`o` Botar`narbk`o` ca Carakjls Jun`ols - Bodlrna Bodlrna ca dlocl Ol. ;/03 K`sl 00.414.  Ilmltà C.K. Litaobcl ca

jttps7//bopak.mlv.kl/clkunaots/9503;/;4:=:/CBYAKSBT@+SY@O[BSLYB@+ +05N@RL+ca+9504.pcd/=d0k22a:-;13a-d9k1-9k3:-29420=d0k5dk< varsblo>0.5 Aspakt`clr  `clr . Li Gucb Gucbkb kb`f `f,, Y. (9 (950 500) 0).. @f k`f` k`f`il ilzl zl pl plrr uo ia iasl sl.. Af Aspakt Lita taob obcl cl ca jttps7//lrmufflfmitklflnib`.iflmsplt.kln/9500/50/jakjls-jlnldlibkls-aok`fb-y-ilmlt`.jtnf

Fabv`, ]. G. (950:). F` prbv`kbûo ca f` fbiart`c ao af n`rkl ca fls carakjls jun`ols. ]bni Fu, 3. Litaobcl ca jttps7//ravbst`s.ukr.`k.kr/bocax.pjp/wbnifu/`rtbkfa/vbaw/;30;9/;3552 Fabv`, ]. G. (950:). F` prbv`kbûo ca f` fbiart`c ao af n`rkl ca fls carakjls jun`ols. ]bni Fu, :. Litaobcl ca jttps7//ravbst`s.ukr.`k.kr/bocax.pjp/wbnifu/`rtbkfa/vbaw/;30;9/;3552 Oaun`o Oau n`o,, A. (02=0). (02=0). Avlfukbûo ca f` pao` prbv`tbv` ca f` fbiart`c y rêmbnaoas  paobtaokb`rbls.  Litaobcl ca jttps7 ps7//www-`s `sttra ra` `vbrt rtu u`f `f--kln`r.sbiufman.uobfbira.acu.kl/p`oaf.pjp4455535 Lrtbz, T. U., Y`nls Ylcrîmuaz, U., & @vbf` Ylg`s, G. (9552). [btu`kbûo ca f`s parslo`s bcaotbdbk`c`s klnl caf klfaktbvl FMIS prbv`c`s ca f` fbiart`c ao f`s kàrkafas ca Klflnib`. 35. Litaobcl ca

 

jttps7//www.cadaoslrb`.mlv.kl/as/puifbk/Bodlrnascadaoslrb`fas/=:9/[btu`kbû o-ca-f`s-parslo`s-bcaotbdbk`c`s-klnl-caf-klfaktbvl-FMIS-prbv`c`s-ca-f`fbiart`c-ao-kàrkafas-ca-Klflnib`-Bodlrnas-cadaoslrb`fas---Kàrkafas.jtn Lrm`obz`kbûo ca f`s O`kbloas Qobc`s. (s. d.). Urlmr`n` ca f`s O`kbloas Qobc`s p`r` af Cas`rrlffl. Yakupar`cl 02 ca lktuira ca 9595, ca jttps7//www.uocp.lrm/klotaot/uocp/as/jlna/sust`bo`ifa-cavaflpnaotml`fs.jtnf Y`kk`, Y`k k`, B. (95 (955=). 5=). F` raslkb`fbz`kbûo klnl dbo ca f` pao` prbv`tbv` ca f` fbiart`c7 `oàfbsbs caf . Litaobcl ca F` raslkb`fbz`kbûo klnl dbo ca f` pao` prbv`tbv` ca f` fbiart`c7 `oàfbsbs caf7 jttp7//www.paos`nbaotlpao`f.kln.`r/systan/dbfas/9503/5=/clktrbo`;2;=:.p cd  Yb`ðl , G. K., N`vbsly, [. F., & Y`nîraz K`rraðl, D. (950:). Carakjls jun`ols ao fls kaotrls k`r `rkkaf af` `rbls - Klnuobc`c FMISB. ;0 ;0.. Litao aobbcl ca jttps7//raplsbtlry.ukk.acu.kl/ibtstra`n/95.155.09323/0;594/0/950:\carakj ls\jun`ols\k`rkaf.pcd  [`omubol , H. C., & I`aoa, A. N. (9504). F` raslkb`fbz`kbûo klnl duokbûo ca f`  pao`, 4. Litao itaobbcl ca dbfa dbfa7/ 7////K7 /K7/Qs Qsar ars/ s/Kl Klkj kjbb/Cl /Clwo woffl` l`cs cs//Cb`f Cb`foa oattF`Yaslkb`fbz`kbloCafBocbvbculKlnlDuokbloCaF`Uao`-4=0;142.pcd  [`omub [`o mubol, ol, H. C., & I`ao I`aoa, a, A. N. (9504 (9504). ). F` raslkb`fbz`kbûo klnl duokbûo ca f`  pao`, 4. Litao itaobbcl ca dbfa dbfa7/ 7////K7 /K7/Qs Qsar ars/ s/Kl Klkj kjbb/Cl /Clwo woffl` l`cs cs//Cb`f Cb`foa oattF`Yaslkb`fbz`kbloCafBocbvbculKlnlDuokbloCaF`Uao`-4=0;142.pcd  QOLCK, L. c. (9 (950 501 1). Ya Yamf mf`s `s Nîob Nîobn` n`s s ca f`s f`s O`kb O`kblo loas as Qobc Qobc`s `s p`r` p`r` af  Sr`t`nbaotl ca fls Yakfusls.