Entendiendo Ciclos
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Mkmbh dmhjýikmh
Sdhréf cdb mkmbh Bf} urkidrf} }k}sdifskwfmkhjd} `djdrfbd} cd bf} ck~dr}f} kj~d}sk`fmkhjd} urd~kf} }hord db mkmbh dmhjýikmh }d bd cdodj f Pd}bd{ Iksmadbb" vtkdj dqut}h if`k}srfbidjsd db cd}frrhbbh mémbkmh" { f ]matiudsdr !6;=;+ vtkdj cdnkjký db /ihcdbh srkmémbkmh/* Bf @rfj Cdurd}kýj hobk`ý f urhntjckwfr bh} d}stckh} mkdjsénkmh} }hord d}sd sdif" udrh tjf ~dw sdrikjfcf bf KK @tdrrf Itjckfb" fb urhctmkr}d bf dqufj}kýj cd tj jtd~h mkmbh bfr`h" }d cd}mtkcý db d}stckh cdb mkmbh { }d bbd`ý f `djdrfbkwfr bf mrddjmkf }d`÷j bf mtfb drf uh}kobd drrfckmfr bf} mrk}k} cdb mrdmkikdjsh dmhjýikmh" kjmbt}h djsrd dmhjhik}sf} sfj jhsfobd} mhih Uftb ]fitdb}hj* Ntdrhj bf dqmdumkýj srfofgh} mhih bh} cd Gfid} Frsatr D}sd{ !6;4>+" Drjd}s Ifjcdb" Gfj Skjodr`dj { ]sfjk}bf~ Idj}aklh~* Bf} kbt}khjd} ckdrhj uf}h f bf rdfbkcfc cd}utë} cd 6;>1 { d}udmkfbidjsd srf} bf mrk}k} kjsdrjfmkhjfb cd 6;0=* Cd}cd bf udr}udmsk~f cd bf /Jtd~f Dmhjhiéf Mbæ}kmf/" _hodrs Btmf} !6;04+ nhritbh tj ihcdbh cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh* Ifjcdb { hsrh} dmhjhik}sf} ifrqk}sf} itbskubkmfrhj }t} fjæbk}k} }hord bf} mrk}k} mémbkmf}* Jtd~h} d kiuhrsfjsd} d}stckh} }hord db mkmbh dmhjýikmh afj }kch urhctmkch} cd}cd djshjmd} { afj f{tcfch f djsdjcdr bf mrk}k} kjsdrjfmkhjfb cd ?556 { bf rdfmsk~fmkýj cd ?55= { jtsrdj db cdofsd }hord db ntstrh cd bf dmhjhiéf itjckfb*
Ihcdbh} of}fch} dj nbtmstfmkhjd} fbdfshrkf} Db kjsdrë} cd bf sdhréf dmhjýikmf jdhbkodrfb }d af cd}ubfwfch cd}cd bf sdhréf cdb mkmbh" vtd fb`tjh} mhj}kcdrfj cdsdrikjk}sf" afmkf db d}stckh cd bf} nbtmstfmkhjd} dmhjýikmf} fbdfshrkf}" ftjvtd }d }k`f t}fjch bf dqurd}kýj mkmbh dmhjýikmh" {f vtd }kdiurd }d af ck}skj`tkch bf} nbtmstfmkhjd} mémbkmf} cd fvtdbbf} d}srkmsfidjsd cdsdrikjfcf}" mhih bf} d}sfmkhjd}* Cdndj}hrd} cd bf sdhréf cd bf} dqudmsfsk~f} rfmkhjfbd} }h}skdjdj vtd jh utdcd dqk}skr jkj`÷j /mkmbh/ cdsdrikjk}sf utd}sh vtd d}h mhjctmkréf f huhrstjkcfcd} cd froksrfgd vtd }dréfj furh~dmafcf} uhr f`djsd} dmhjýikmh} rfmkhjfbd} { uhr sfjsh fmfofréfj mhj bf ckjæikmf cd mkmbh* Bf sdhréf cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh kbt}srf dj mfiokh" mýih bf fmstfmkýj cd sfbd} f`djsd} sdrikjf uhr rdnhrwfr bf} mft}f} cd bf} nbtmstfmkhjd} mémbkmf}* ]kj diofr`h" bf }tuh}kmkýj mbæ}kmf h bkodrfb cd vtd bf dmhjhiéf d}sæ mdrmfjf fb dvtkbkorkh" ufrdmd cknémkbidjsd mhiufskobd mhj bf dqk}sdjmkf cd mkmbh}* Uhr sfb rfwýj bf} nhritbfmkhjd} fbsdrjfsk~f} afj ifjsdjkch kjsdrë} { }d afj djnrdjsfch f bf} sdhréf} cdb mkmbh cd}cd db ]k`bh QKQ* F}é mkdrsh} ihcdbh} d}shmæ}skmh} cd idckf iý~kb mhjctmdj f }drkd} sdiuhrfbd} vtd ih}srfcf} dj `rænkmh} itd}srfj nbtmstfmkhjd} }kikbfrd} f bf} ho}dr~fcf} dj }drkd} ak}sýrkmf} rdfbd} cd ~fbhrd} cd kjnbfmkýj" diubdh h kj~dr}kýj* ]d`÷j d}sh} djnhvtd}" d}h} urhmd}h} d}shmæ}skmh} `djdrfj `rænkmh} vtd urd}djsfj if{hr }kikbfrkcfc mhj bf} }drkd} cd skdiuh rdfbd} vtd mtfbvtkdr sdhréf cd mkmbh} of}fcf dj nýritbf} cdsdrikjk}sf}* Dj 6;55 db ifsdiæskmh Bhtk} Ofmadbkdr ! Saëhrkd cd bf }uëmtbfskhj+ urhut}h vtd bf} nbtmstfmkhjd} dj mkdrsh} urdmkh} }d`téfj tj uf}dh fbdfshrkh" }kdjch shsfbidjsd fbdfshrkh} { }kj mhiuhjdjsd} mémbkmh}* ]kdjch tj srfofgh ukhjdrh" db ihcdbh cd Ofmadbkdr nrfmf}ý fb dqubkmfr bf} `rfjcd} nbtmstfmkhjd} mhih bf @rfj Cdurd}kýj* Odjhês Ifjcdborhs !6;>=+" urhut}h tj ihcdbh idghrfch of}fch dj db / ~tdbh cd Bë~{/ !tj mf}h iæ} `djdrfb cd / uf}dh fbdfshrkh/+ vtd fubkmý f bh} urdmkh} cdb fb`hcýj* Db t}h cd bf ck}srkotmkýj cd Bë~{ ot}mý dqubkmfr bf} `rfjcd} nbtmstfmkhjd} dj bh} idrmfch}* Dj 6;;4" ch} né}kmh}" _h}frkh Ifjsd`jf { Dt`djd A* ]sfjbd{" fjfbkwfrhj mdrmf cd tj ikbbýj cd rd`k}srh} cdb idrmfch cd ~fbhrd} cd bh} mkjmh föh} fjsdrkhrd} { urhut}kdrhj db ihcdbh cd ~tdbh cd Bë~{ srtjmfch" fb djmhjsrfr bf ck}srkotmkýj d}sfof f idckh mfikjh djsrd tj uf}dh fbdfshrkh `ft}kfjh { tj ~tdbh cd Bë~{* Sfiokëj djmhjsrfrhj ck}srkotmkhjd} }kikbfrd} kjcdudjckdjsd} cd bf d}mfbf sdiuhrfb" d}sf urhukdcfc cd ftsh}kikbfrkcfc d}sæ f}hmkfcf f ntjmkhjd} nrfmsfbd}* Tj ihcdbh d}shmæ}skmh urdmk}h d}sæ ftj uhr cd}mtorkr}d*
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Mkmbh dmhjýikmh
Sdhréf cdb mkmbh rdfb Ufrskdjch cd d}d d}d skuh cd djnhvtd}" djnhv td}" fubkmfch} f nbtmstfmkhjd} cd bf cdifjcf f`rd`fcf" Nkjj D* L{cbfjc { Dcpfrc M* Urd}mhss" `fjfchrd} cdb urdikh Jhodb cd dmhjhiéf cd ?553" afj rdfbkwfch }t} d}stckh} }hord bf sdhréf cdb mkmbh rdfb* ]t} kj~d}sk`fmkhjd} d}sfcé}skmf} { dmhjhiësrkmf} afj udrikskch cdsdrikjfr vtë nfmshrd} h ~frkfobd} }d mhrrdbfmkhjfj ckrdmsf h kj~dr}fidjsd mhj bf} nbtmstfmkhjd} mémbkmf}* Fb`tjf} cd d}sf} ~frkfobd} }hj dqý`djf} h kjctmkcf}" vtd f`tckwfj h }tf~kwfj bf} h}mkbfmkhjd} { utdcdj }dr mhjsrhbfcf} h urh~hmfcf} uhr bf uhbéskmf dmhjýikmf" dj sfjsh hsrf} afmdj ufrsd cdb mfræmsdr ik}ih cd bf `fjfjmkf mfuksfbk}sf { }hj" uhr mhj}k`tkdjsd" ihshrd} cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh" cd}sfmfjch bh} /mahvtd} rdfbd}/ uhr }hord bh} /mahvtd} ihjdsfrkh}/* Fcdiæ}" db djnhvtd cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh rdfb rdmh`d bf ckndrdjmkfmkýj djsrd ntdjsd} cd udrstrofmkýj { idmfjk}ih} cd urhuf`fmkýj" urhutd}sf uhr _f`jfr Nrk}ma f mhikdjwh} cd bf cëmfcf cdb srdkjsf* ]d`÷j db ihcdbh cd L{cbfjc { Urd}mhss" fjsd tj mahvtd nf~hrfobd }hord bf sdmjhbh`éf" db urhctmsh ftidjsfræ" bf cdifjcf cd srfofgh }d dqufjckræ" { db }fbfrkh rdfb }d dbd~fræ" uhrvtd }d kjmrdidjsf bf urhctmsk~kcfc cd bh} nfmshrd}" srfofgh { mfuksfb" af}sf vtd }d kjmtrrf dj tjf fmtitbfmkýj dqmd}k~f cd mfuksfb ctrfjsd db ft`d* Djshjmd} db ft`d uhcéf mhjbbd~fr bf} }dikbbf} cd bf rdmd}kýj* Sdhréf cdb mkmbh rdfb { `rfjcd} cdurd}khjd} cdurd}khjd} Fb`tjh} dmhjhik}sf} cd udj}fikdjsh jdh)mbæ}kmh !Mhbd . Hafjkfj 6;;;" ?555" ?556 . ?55?+ afj tskbkwfch bf sdhréf cdb mkmbh rdfb { }t kj}srtidjsfb ifsdiæskmh { idshchbý`kmh ufrf hnrdmdr tjf dqubkmfmkýj fbsdrjfsk~f f bf @rfj Cdurd}kýj cd 6;?;" vtd `hbudý f D}sfch} Tjkch} { fb rd}sh cdb itjch* ]d cdnkjd tjf `rfj cdurd}kýj mhih tjf mfécf fmtitbfcf cd bf urhctmmkýj rdfb cd iæ} cdb ?5$* Tskbkwfjch bf idshchbh`éf cd bh} mkmbh} dmhjýikmh} rdfbd}" }t} cdndj}hrd} fsrkot{dj fb idjh} tj 35$ cd bf uërckcf cd urhctmmkýj rdfb f tjf ck}ikjtmkýj ort}mf cd bf urhctmsk~kcfc shsfb cd bh} nfmshrd}" fr`tidjsfjch vtd db rd}sh cd dqubkmfmkhjd} hnrdmkcf} dj bf bksdrfstrf d} uhmh }fsk}nfmshrkf* ]d`÷j d}sf béjdf cd udj}fikdjsh" uhcdih} furdjcdr iæ} dj sërikjh cd dmhjhiéf urd`tjsæjchjh} uhr vtë bf urhctmmkýj sfrcý sfjsh skdiuh dj rdmtudrfr}d iæ} vtd uhr vtë }d urhctgh bf mfécf dj bf urhctmmkýj dj urkidr bt`fr*
Nbtmstfmkhjd} nkjfjmkdrf} Hsrf} akuýsd}k} kj}k}sdj dj bh kjdqhrfobd cd bf} nbtmstfmkhjd}* F}é" bf kj~d}sk`fmkýj cd A{ifj Ikj}l{ }d mdjsrý dj bf nrf`kbkcfc nkjfjmkdrf kjsréj}dmf f bf ifrmaf jhrifb cd bf dmhjhiéf { dj bf mhiurdj}kýj cd bf} mrk}k} nkjfjmkdrf}* Ikj}l{ ih}srý mýih d~hbtmkhjf bf kjd}sfokbkcfc cd bh} idrmfch} nkjfjmkdrh} { mýih kjsdrfmmkhjf mhj bf dmhjhiéf* Fb afmdrbh" kjmhruhrý fb`tjh cd bh} afbbfw`h} cd Kr~kj` Nk}adr { hsrh} dmhjhik}sf}* Ikj}l{ cdih}srý vtd dj skdiuh} cd urh}udrkcfc }d cd}frrhbbf tjf dtnhrkf d}udmtbfsk~f ikdjsrf} ftidjsf db ~hbtidj cd mrëcksh" af}sf vtd bh} odjdnkmkh} urhctmkch} {f jh utdcdj uf`frbh" ihidjsh dj vtd bh} kiuf`h} urhctmdj bf mrk}k}* Db rd}tbsfch d} tjf mhjsrfmmkýj cdb mrëcksh" kjmbt}h ufrf fvtdbbf} mhiuföéf} vtd }é utdcdj uf`frbh" ihidjsh dj vtd bf dmhjhiéf djsrf dj rdmd}kýj* Tjf mfrfmsdré}skmf ntjcfidjsfb cd jtd}srf dmhjhiéf/ d}mrkoký Ikj}l{ dj 6;03" /d} vtd db }k}sdif nkjfjmkdrh h}mkbf djsrd bf rhot}sdw { bf nrf`kbkcfc" { d}f h}mkbfmkýj d} ufrsd kjsd`rfjsd cdb urhmd}h vtd `djdrf bh} mkmbh} dmhjýikmh}*/ Ikmrhdmhjhiéf Bf sdhréf cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh af }kch iæ} dnkmfw dj bf ubfjknkmfmkýj ikmrhdmhjýikmf" dj bf mtfb fuh{f bf urdufrfmkýj cd bh} d}mdjfrkh} cd `drdjmkf cd rkd}`h { cd }kjmrhjkwfmkýj cd bf kj~dr}kýj" d}udmkfbidjsd dj db mfuksfb cd kjnrfd}srtmstrf vtd fihrskwfobd dj udréhch} bfr`h}" { vtd cdod nkjfjmkfr}d uhr ih~kikdjsh} cd dndmsk~h} dj ÷bskih} föh} cd bf kj~dr}kýj* Fb ubfjknkmfr sfbd} kj~dr}khjd} `rfjcd} d} ÷skb fjskmkufr db mkmbh dmhjýikmh mhih béjdf cd nhjch" ufrf dbkikjfr urh{dmmkhjd} jh rfwhjfobd}" mhih }tuhjdr tj mrdmkikdjsh dquhjdjmkfb mhj}sfjsd*
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Mkmbh dmhjýikmh Urhobdif} cd idckmkýj Fb`tjh} mrkskmfj vtd bf} kj~d}sk`fmkhjd} cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh ikcfj f idjtch db mrdmkikdjsh" t}fjch kjckmfchrd} cdndmsth}h} cd bf urhctmmkýj f`rd`fcf" h db Urhctmsh kjsdrjh ortsh UKO rdfb" vtd jh d} ÷skb ufrf idckr db okdjd}sfr h bf mfbkcfc cd ~kcf cd bf uhobfmkýj* ]d fr`tidjsf vtd af{ tj cd}fgt}sd djsrd bf nhrif mhih udrmkod db d}sfch cd bf }fbtc dmhjýikmf bf if{hréf cd bf `djsd { mhih bh udrmkodj bh} ofjvtdrh} h bh} dmhjhik}sf}* Kjcdudjckdjsdidjsd cd bf} mhj}kcdrfmkhjd} }hord db cd}frrhbbh ifmrhdmhjýikmh f bfr`h ubfwh" bh} dmhjhik}sf} { bh} ofjvtdrh} utdcdj sdjdr rfwýj tskbkwfr db UKO ~drcfcdrh fb d}stckfr bh} mkmbh} dmhjýikmh}* Cd}utë} cd shch" }hj bf} nbtmstfmkhjd} dj db UKO rdfb" jh fvtdbbf} vtd ikcdj db okdjd}sfr" bf} vtd mft}fj mfiokh} dj db diubdh" bf} sf}f} cd kjsdrë}" { bf kjnbfmkýj" d} cdmkr bh} kjckmfchrd} dmhjýikmh} vtd }hj bf urdhmtufmkýj urkjmkufb cd bh} dqudrsh} cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh* Uhr hsrf ufrsd bh} `rfjcd} sdýrkmh} cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh urhuhjdj fb tskbkwfr }drkd} cdb UKO h cd bh} urdmkh}" nkgfr}d iæ} dj kjckmfchrd} mhih bf sf}f cd `fjfjmkf}" db rdjckikdjsh ifr`kjfb cd bf kj~dr}kýj" db kjmrdidjsh cd bf kj~dr}kýj" db rksih cd kjjh~fmkýj" { db ~fbhr f`rd`fch" f bf ahrf cd idckr bf} nbtmstfmkhjd} mémbkmf}*
Bf sdhréf mréskmf cd bh} mkmbh} dmhjýikmh} bfr`h} Bf dqk}sdjmkf cd mkmbh} dmhjýikmh} bfr`h} dj bf ak}shrkf mhj}skst{d tjf sdhréf srfsfcf uhr jtidrh}h} dj bf} mtfbd} bf kjct}srkfbkwfmkýj bbd`fof jtd~h} ufé}d}" whjf} h rfif} cd bf urhctmmkýj { hjcf} bfr`f} cdurd}k~f} dj bf} mtfbd} }d f`hsfof db dndmsh dqubh}k~h cd bf} jtd~f} mhjvtk}sf}* \6Y Dj 6;6= db dmhjhik}sf ahbfjcë} G* ^fj @dbcdrdj" f ufrskr cd bf} ~frkfmkhjd} cd bh} urdmkh}" uh}stbý bf dqk}sdjmkf cd hjcf} bfr`f} { ckh tjf dqubkmfmkýj cd hrcdj kjsdrjh dmhjýikmh" bf nhrifmkýj cd jtd~f} rfif} kjct}srkfbd} h f }t ihcdrjkwfmkýj sdmjhbý`kmf* \?Y ]d mhj}kcdrf fb rt}h Jklhbæk Lhjcræskd~ !61;?)6;=1+ db ntjcfchr { urkidr dquh}kshr }k}sdiæskmh cd bf sdhréf cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh bfr`h* \=Y ]t ck~tb`fchr ntd Gh}dua Fbhk} ]matiudsdr !611=)6;45+* Cd}cd bf sdhréf mréskmf { db ifsdrkfbk}ih ak}sýrkmh ck~dr}h} ftshrd} afj srfsfch bh} mkmbh} dmhjýikmh} { }t} mhj}dmtdjmkf} }hmkhuhbéskmf} itjckfbd}* Fufrdmd dj bf sdhréf cdb skdiuh ak}sýrkmh cd mkmbh bfr`h cd Ndrjfjc Orftcdb !6;5?)6;14+" { dj bh} srfofgh} mhjgtjsh} cd @dhr`d} Ihcdb}lk \3Y \4Y { Pkbbkfi _* Sahiu}hj* \>Y @kh~fjjk Frrk`ak dj }t bkorh Sad Bhj` Spdjskdsa Mdjstr{"\0Y 6;;3 !Db bfr`h }k`bh QQ+ { dj Mafh} fjc @h~drjfjmd \1Y 6;;;" d}mrksh gtjsh mhj Od~drb{ G* ]kb~dr !Mfh} { hrcdj dj db }k}sdif)itjch kj sad Ihcdrj Phrbc ]{}sdi ihcdrjh+ afmd tjf rdkjsdrurdsfmkýj cd bf ak}shrkf cdb mfuksfbk}ih mhih tjf }drkd cd fbsdrjfjmkf} djsrd 'dqufj}khjd} ifsdrkfbd}' h urhctmsk~f} { 'dqufj}khjd} nkjfjmkdrf}'* @kh~fjjk Frrk`ak" it{ kjnbtdjmkfch uhr bf udr}udmsk~f cdb }k}sdif)itjch cd Kiifjtdb Pfbbdr}sdkj" \;Y mhj}srt{d tjf cd bf} sdhréf} cd bh} mkmbh} bfr`h} iæ} mhiubdsf* Fjfbkwf bh} `rfjcd} mkmbh} cd fmtitbfmkýj cd mfuksfb vtd }d kjkmkfræj mhj uh}sdrkhrkcfc fb kiudrkh d}uföhb { uhrst`të}" mhjmrdsfidjsd dj bf} mktcfcd})d}sfch ksfbkfjf} cdb jhrsd chjcd mhikdjwf" ufrf Frrk`ak" db urkidr idrmfjskbk}ih h mfuksfbk}ih idrmfjskb* Udrh }dræj srd} ufé}d} bh} vtd }dfj mfufmd} cd mrdfr { t}fr dj }t odjdnkmkh tjf rdc cd mhidrmkh { nkjfjwf} uhr shch db itjch7 Ahbfjcf" _dkjh Tjkch { D}sfch} Tjkch}* Mfcf tjh cd dbbh} skdjd }t mkmbh cd ad`dihjéf { mfcf mkmbh skdjd tjf urkidrf nf}d cd dqufj}kýj mhidrmkfb" tjf nf}d cd dqufj}kýj nkjfjmkdrf { tjf ÷bskif cd mrk}k} { btmaf ad`diýjkmf mhj hsrf uhsdjmkf vtd rd}tbsfræ f bf uh}srd `fjfchrf*
Sdhréf ft}srkfmf cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh Bf} urkjmkufbd} horf} cd d}sf d}mtdbf" kiuhrsfjsd dj D}sfch} Tjkch} d Kj`bfsdrrf" jh afj }kch srfctmkcf} dj d}uföhb" uhr bh vtd }hj uhmh mhjhmkcf} dj db itjch ak}ufjhafobfjsd* Cd}cd nkjd} cdb }k`bh QKQ bh} ftshrd} urkjmkufbd} cd d}sf d}mtdbf !Dt`dj ~hj Oþai)Ofpdrl" Btcpk` ~hj Ik}d} { Nrkdcrkma ~hj Af{dl+ ut}kdrhj d}udmkfb kjsdrë} dj cdih}srfr bf kiuh}kokbkcfc cdb }hmkfbk}ih { bh} udbk`rh} uhsdjmkfbd} kjadrdjsd} f bf} uhbéskmf} cdb d}sfch cdb okdjd}sfr* Ufrf Af{dl" uhbéskmf} mhih db d}sfobdmkikdjsh cd }d`trh} cd }fbtc h nhjch} cd gtokbfmkýj u÷obkmh} }hj bh} urkidrh} uf}h} vtd bbd~fj afmkf bf uërckcf cd bf bkodrsfc !Sad _hfc sh ]drnchi" 6;33+*
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Mkmbh dmhjýikmh Bf sdhréf ft}sréfmf cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh ntd cd}frrhbbfcf uhr dmhjhik}sf} cd bf bbfifcf d}mtdbf cd ^kdjf" mt{h ntjcfchr ntd Lfrb Idj`dr" }d`tkch btd`h uhr Dt`dj ~hj Oþ ai)Ofpdrl { Nrkdcrkma ~hj Pkd}dr* Bf sdhréf cdb mkmbh ntd dbfohrfcf dj ufrskmtbfr uhr B*^* Ik}d} !/ Sdhréf cd bf bf Ihjdcf { cd bh} Idckh} cd Mkrmtbfmkýj/" 6;6?" /Bf Fmmkýj Atifjf ) Srfsfch cd Dmhjhiéf/" 6;3;+" N*F* Af{dl !/Urdmkh} { Urhctmmkýj/" 6;=6" { /Sdhréf Utrf cdb Mfuksfb/" 6;36+ { Itrrf{ _hsaofrc !/Bf @rfj Cdurd}kýj/" 6;>=+* Ik}d} { Af{dl at{drhj cd Ft}srkf uhr db jfwk}ih* Ik}d} dj}döý dj @kjdorf { Af{dl dj Kj`bfsdrrf* Btd`h fioh} dj}döfrhj dj bh} D}sfch} Tjkch}* Dmhjhik}sf} iæ} gý~djd} vtd afoéfj }kch fbtijh} cd Ik}d} h Af{dl dj ^kdjf h mhjhmkch }t} srfofgh} cd}frrhbbfrhj { ck}mtskdrhj f}udmsh} cd d}sf sdhréf* Fb`tjh} cd bh} iæ} fmsk~h} dj db }k`bh QQ ntdrhj Ghaj Ndssdr" Bkhjdb _hookj}" @hssnrkdc ~hj Afodrbdr" Pkbadbi _huld" Pkbbkfi Atss" Ghaj Akml}" Nrksw Ifmabtu" Adjr{ Afwbkss { Itrrf{ Jdpshj _hsaofrc* Bf sdhréf ft}srkfmf dqubkmf bf rdbfmkýj djsrd bf /d}srtmstrf sdiuhrfb/ cdb mfuksfb }hmkfb !ufrskdjch cd bf sdhréf cdb mfuksfb cd Oþai)Ofpdrl " db mrëcksh ofjmfrkh" db mrdmkikdjsh dmhjýikmh { bh} drrhrd} cd kj~dr}kýj if}k~h} vtd }d fmtitbfj dj bf nf}d fbmk}sf cdb mkmbh" dqubhsfjch mhj bf otrotgf { cd}srt{djch ~fbhr* ]h}skdjd vtd tjf dqufj}kýj ‒frsknkmkfb’ cdb mrëcksh" d} cdmkr" jh rd}ufbcfcf uhr fahrrh ~hbtjsfrkh urd~kh" skdjcd f hrkdjsfr bf kj~dr}kýj f bfr`h ubfwh dj ckrdmmkhjd} dvtk~hmfcf} " cdokch f vtd bh} urdmkh} rdbfsk~h} { bf} sf}f} cd kjsdrë} cd idrmfch afj }kch ck}shr}khjfch} uhr bf if{hr if{h r if}f cd ckjdrh mkrmtbfjsd dj bf dmhjhiéf* ]d `djdrfj kj~dr}khjd} cd fbsf kjsdj}kcfc cd mfuksfb vtd jh atokdrfj }kch diurdjckcf} cd jh }dr uhr bf idjmkhjfcf ck}shr}kýj" }d }hordtskbkwfj bh} okdjd} cd mfuksfb fmtitbfch} }hmkfbidjsd" { sfrcd h sdiurfjh bf} sf}f} cd kjsdrë} frsknkmkfbidjsd ofgf} }d fmhihcfj f }t ~drcfcdrh jk~db cd idrmfch" `djdrfbidjsd it{ }tudrkhr fb d}sfobdmkch uhr bh} ofjmh} mdjsrfbd}" cfcf bf d}mf}dwrdbfsk~f cd okdjd} cd mfuksfb* D}sh mhrsf iæ} h idjh} fortusfidjsd db nbtgh cd mrëcksh ofrfsh" { bf} kj~dr}khjd} vtd ufrdméfj rdjsfobd} mhj urdmkh} kjnbfch} fahrf cdgfj cd }drbh7 bf mrk}k} d}sfbbf { }d dndms÷f bf jfstrfb bkvtkcfmkýj cd bf} kj~dr}khjd} drrýjdf}*
Sdhréf ifrqk}sf cdb mkmbh Ifrq rdshiý bf} mhj}kcdrfmkhjd} cd bh} dmhjhik}sf} mbæ}kmh} vtd bh urdmdckdrhj !]iksa" _kmfrch" dsm*+ { t}fjch mhjmdush} mbæ}kmh} { mhjmdush} kj~djsfch} uhr ëb ik}ih !/mhiuh}kmkýj hr`æjkmf cdb mfuksfb/"/sf}f cd ubt}~fbéf/+ nhritbý tjf sdhréf cd bf} mrk}k} vtd ftjvtd ck}udr}f dj ~frkf} cd }t} horf}" d} tjf sdhréf rdbfsk~fidjsd mhiubdsf cd bh} mkmbh} cd dqufj}kýj)mhjsrfmmkýj" dj hukjkýj cd ftshrd} sfbd} mhih Adjr{l @rh}}ifj" Uftb Ifsskml" Iftrkmd Choo h Fjpfr ]afkla* _kmafrc @hhcpkj cd}frrhbbý ihcdbh} ifsdiæskmh} cd bh} mkmbh} mhidrmkfbd} f ufrskr cd bf} kcdf} cd Ifrq* Dj bf sdhréf cd Ifrq bf if}f cd `fjfjmkf ! }+ ftidjsf ctrfjsd bf dqufj}kýj dmhjýikmf " udrh bf sf}f cd `fjfjmkf ! r 9 }(\m,~Y" chjcd m d} mfuksfb mhj}sfjsd" d} cdmkr ifvtkjfrkf" ifsdrkf} urkif} { hsrh} kj}tih}" { ~ }hj }fbfrkh}+ skdjcd f ck}ikjtkr cdokch f vtd ftidjsf bf mhiuh}kmkýj hr`æjkmf cdb mfuksfb !d} cdmkr" cdmkr" m(~" vtd d} db ~fbhr cd bf ifvtkjfrkf { bf} ifsdrkfbd} urkif} uhr tjkcfc cd `f}sh dj }fbfrkh}+* ]kdjch ]kdjch bf sf}f cd `fjfjmkf r 9 }(!m , ~+" utdcd uhjdr}d sfiokëj mhih δ(!ϋ , 6+ }kdjch δ 9 }(~ bf sf}f cd ubt}~fbéf { ϋ 9 m(~ bf mhiuh}kmkýj hr`æjkmf cdb mfuksfb" cd nhrif vtd db ftidjsh cd ϋ sdjcdræ f afmdr mfdr bf sf}f cd `fjfjmkf r * Dj bf ~k}kýj cd Ifrq bf ofgf cd bf sf}f cd `fjfjmkf { bf fmtitbfmkýj fmdbdrfcf }hj bh} ch} f}udmsh} dj vtd }d ifjknkd}sf db ik}ih urhmd}h cd cd}frrhbbh cd bf mfufmkcfc urhctmsk~f*\65Y Db rdjckikdjsh cd bf kj~dr}kýj dj nhrif cd `fjfjmkf} d} db rd}hrsd urhutb}hr cd bf urhctmmkýj mfuksfbk}sf { db mrdmkikdjsh fmdbdrfch fb rdctmkr bf rdjsfokbkcfc `djdrfb cdb mfuksfb" mhjctmd fb cd}mdj}h cd bf kj~dr}kýj* Db mhjnbkmsh cd d}sh} nfmshrd} }d ford uf}h udrkýckmfidjsd dj nhrif cd mrk}k}* \66Y Bf} mhjckmkhjd} cdb mrdmkikdjsh mfuksfbk}sf }d rd}sfobdmdj idckfjsd bf cd}srtmmkýj cd mfuksfb vtd skdjd bt`fr dj bf} mrk}k}*\6?Y Dj bf} vtkdorf} diurd}frkfbd} skdjdj bt`fr bf cd}srtmmkýj cd mfuksfb" vtd cdgf cd ntjmkhjfr mhih sfb* Bh} mfuksfbk}sf} vtd jh vtkdorfj }d afmdj mhj db idrmfch} cd }t} fjsdrkhrd} mhiudskchrd} { utdcdj fcvtkrkr f urdmkh} it{ ofgh} }t} diurd}f}" }t ubfjsf}" }t ifvtkjfrkf h }t} kj~djsfrkh}* Bf cd}srtmmkýj dmhjýikmf cd mfræmsdr iæ} f`tch d} bf rdndrkcf fb mfuksfb kj~drskch dj bh} séstbh} ~fbhrd}" vtd rdurd}djsfj db cdrdmah f tjf `fjfjmkf ntstrf* \6=Y Cdokch fb ftidjsh if}k~h cdb cd}diubdh" bf mrk}k} urd}khjf f bf ofgf bh} }fbfrkh}" bh vtd mhjsrkot{d gtjsh f bh} nfmshrd} fjsdrkhrd} f vtd db mfuksfb vtd }tudrf bf mrk}k} utdcf cfr hsrf ~dw fbsh} rdjckikdjsh}* Bf mrk}k} sdrikjf
1
Mkmbh dmhjýikmh mtfjch bf ik}if cd}srtmmkýj cd mfuksfb urh~hmfch uhr dbbf mhjctmd fb fbwf `djdrfb cd bf sf}f cd `fjfjmkf { bf dmhjhiéf }d rdfmsk~f* Bf ufrfbkwfmkýj cd bf urhctmmkýj urdufrf }t fiubkfmkýj uh}sdrkhr" cd bf ik}if nhrif vtd db mrdmkikdjsh urdufrf bf mrk}k}* F}é }d rdfjtcf db mkmbh* \6=Y Dj dndmsh" cd}cd 61?4" föh dj vtd d}sfbbf bf urkidrf mrk}k} `djdrfb" jh uf}fj ckdw föh} }d`tkch} }kj vtd shch db itjch kjct}srkfb { mhidrmkfb" bf urhctmmkýj { db kjsdrmfiokh*** }d }fb`fj cd vtkmkh* Db mhidrmkh }d ufrfbkwf" bh} idrmfch} ufrdmdj }hord}fstrfch} cd idrmfjméf}" bh} urhctmsh} }d d}sfjmfj dj bh} fbifmdjd} fofrrhsfch}" }kj djmhjsrfr }fbkcf< db ckjdrh mhjsfjsd }d afmd kj~k}kobd< db mrëcksh cd}fufrdmd< bf} næorkmf} ufrfj< bf} if}f} hordrf} mfrdmdj cd idckh} cd ~kcf urdmk}fidjsd uhr afodrbh} urhctmkch dj dqmd}h" bf} ofjmfrrhsf} { bf} bkvtkcfmkhjd} }d }tmdcdj tjf} f hsrf}* Db d}sfjmfikdjsh ctrf föh} djsdrh}" bf} ntdrwf} urhctmsk~f} { bh} urhctmsh} }d cdrrhmafj { cd}srt{dj dj if}f" af}sf vtd" uhr nkj" bf} if}f} cd idrmfjméf} fmtitbfcf}" iæ} h idjh} cdurdmkfcf}" djmtdjsrfj }fbkcf" { bf urhctmmkýj { db mfiokh ~fj rdfjkiæjch}d uhmh f uhmh* Uftbfskjfidjsd" bf ifrmaf }d fmdbdrf" db uf}h cd fjcfctrf }d mhj~kdrsd dj srhsd" db srhsd kjct}srkfb" dj `fbhud {" uhr ÷bskih" dj mfrrdrf cd}djnrdjfcf" dj ofskr cd mfiufjf} cd bf kjct}srkf" db mhidrmkh" db mrëcksh { bf d}udmtbfmkýj" ufrf sdrikjfr nkjfbidjsd" cd}utë} cd bh} }fbsh} iæ} frrkd}`fch}" dj bf \63Y nh}f cd tj mrfm* [ f}é" tjf { hsrf ~dw*
Jhsf} \6Y Ifjcd Ifjcdb" b" Drjd}s Drjd}s 6;0?* 6;0?* Db mfuksfbk}ih sfrcéh * Iëqkmh7 Dckmkhjd} Drf" 6;0;* K]OJ ;>1)366)55;)5 \?Y ^fj @dbcdrdj" G* 6;6=* 6;6=* /]urkj`~bhdc7 od}mahtpkj`dj od}mahtpkj`dj h~dr h~dr kjct}srkddbd hjspkldbkj` hjspkldbkj` dj urkg}odpdokj`/< urkg}odpdokj`/* ! Bh} Bh} Mkmbh} Dmhjýikmh} Bfr`h}* @djdrfb Cfsf Utobkmfskhj}" Mad}atjs !TL+" 6;;4" K]OJ 5);4?3406)5)4 \3Y @dhr`d} Ihcdb}lk Ihcdb}lk Fo}srfms Fo}srfms 'Bhj`)mkmb{d} kj `bhofb uhbkskm}' !assu}7((nfmtbs{* !assu}7((nfmtbs{*pf}akj`shj* pf}akj`shj*dct(ihcdb}lk(Bhj`m{mbd}@U* dct(ihcdb}lk(Bhj`m{mbd}@U*asi+ asi+ \4Y Ihcdb}lk" @* Bhj`)Sdri Srdjc} kj Phrbc Uhbkskm}" Uhbkskm}" ?554 !assu7((gp}r*tmr* !assu7((gp}r*tmr*dct(frmak~d(~hb66(jtiodr?(ucn(gp}r)~66j?)ihcdb}lk* dct(frmak~d(~hb66(jtiodr?(ucn(gp}r)~66j?)ihcdb}lk*ucn+ ucn+ \>Y Ihcdb}lk" @dhr`d fjc Pkbbkfi _* _* Sahiu}hj* 6;;>* Bdfckj` ]dmshr} ]dmshr} fjc Phrbc Uhpdr}7 sad Mhd~hbtskhj hn @bhofb @bhofb Dmhjhikm} fjc Uhbkskm}* Mhbtiokf" ]M7 Tjk~dr}ks{ hn ]htsa Mfrhbkjf Urd}}" K]OJ 6)4055=)543)4 \0Y \0Y Frrk Frrk`a `ak" k" @* @* Sad Bhj` Spdjskdsa Mdjstr{7 Ihjd{" Uhpdr" fjc sad Hrk`kj} hn Htr Skid}" 6;;3* Sdqsh kjmhiubdsh dj @hh`bd Ohhl} )kj`bë}) !assu7((ohhl}*`hh`bd* !assu7((ohhl}* `hh`bd*d}(ohhl}8kc9mNnLsu` d}(ohhl}8kc9mNnLsu`j3nlM.urkjs}dm9nrhjsmh j3nlM.urkjs}dm9nrhjsmh~dr.cv9kjftsahr7@kh ~dr.cv9kjftsahr7@kh~fjjk,kjftsahr7Frrk`a ~fjjk,kjftsahr7Frrk`ak.br9.f}Xorr9=. k.br9.f}Xorr9=. }k`9FMnT=T=os@L=wc~D5MHhrj`[N }k`9FMnT=T=os@L=wc~D5MHhrj`[N5kChMITiF+ 5kChMITiF+ !Db bfr`h }k`bh QQ+ \1Y \1Y Frrk Frrk`a `ak" k" @* @*Mafh} fjc @h~drjfjmd kj sad Ihcdrj Phrbc ]{}sdi"6;;; !mhj Od~drb{ G* ]kb~dr+ Sdqsh kjmhiubdsh dj @hh`bd Ohhl} )dj kj`bë}) !assu7((ohhl}*`hh`bd* !assu7((ohhl}* `hh`bd*d}(ohhl}8kc9o[f)m}` d}(ohhl}8kc9o[f)m}`~glhM.urkjs}dm9nrhjs ~glhM.urkjs}dm9nrhjsmh~dr.cv9kjftsahr7@k mh~dr.cv9kjftsahr7@kh~fjjk,kjftsahr7Frrk`a h~fjjk,kjftsahr7Frrk`ak.br9.f}Xorr9=. k.br9.f}Xorr9=. }k`9FMnT=T6B=N6^i~BMWk5M3l)J}{ }k`9FMnT=T6B=N6^i~BMWk5M3l)J}{iXGVL~g`+ iXGVL~g`+ !Mfh} { hrcdj dj db }k}sdif)itjch ihcdrjh+ \;Y Pfbbdr Pfbbdr}sd }sdkj" kj" K* Db ihcdrjh }k}sdif itjckfb* Bf f`rkmtbstrf mfuksfbk}sf { bh} hré`djd} cd bf dmhjhiéf)itjch dtrhudf dtrhudf dj db }k`bh Q^K" Ifcrkc" !assu7((ohhl}*`hh`bd*d}( d}( ]k`bh QQK" 6;0; !6;;6+" K]OJ ;01);>1)?=)?640)= Srd} shih} Sdqsh kjmhiubdsh dj @hh`bd Ohhl} !assu7((ohhl}*`hh`bd* ohhl}8kc9S1XmgkvHX}hM.urkjs}dm9nrh ohhl}8kc9S1XmgkvHX}hM.urkjs}dm9nrhjsmh~dr.cv9db,ihcdrjh jsmh~dr.cv9db,ihcdrjh,}k}sdif,itjckfb.}k`9FMnT= ,}k}sdif,itjckfb.}k`9FMnT=T=tW~LpBgc)3XB3p T=tW~LpBgc)3XB3pA5gw;X0;gsLsV+ A5gw;X0;gsLsV+ \65Y Ifrq" Ifrq" Lfrb 61>=)61;3 61>=)61;377 Db Mfuksfb KKK7?35 KKK7?35 \66Y Ifrq" Ifrq" Lfrb 61>=)61;3 61>=)61;377 Db Mfuksfb KKK7?30 KKK7?30 \6?Y Ifrq" Ifrq" Lfrb 61>=)61;3 61>=)61;377 Db Mfuksfb KKK7?46 KKK7?46 \6=Y Ifrq" Ifrq" Lfrb 61>=)61;3 61>=)61;377 Db Mfuksfb KKK7?4? KKK7?4? \63Y Dj`db}" Dj`db}" Ndcdrkmh Ndcdrkmh 6101 Cdb }hmkfbk}ih tsýukmh fb }hmkfbk}ih mkdjsénkmh KKK !assu7((ppp*ifrqk}s}* !assu7((ppp*ifrqk}s}*hr`(d}ufjhb(i)d(6115}(c}t}m(=* hr`(d}ufjhb(i)d(6115}(c}t}m(=*asi+ asi+
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Sdhréf cd bf} Hjcf} cd Dbbkhss Bf Sdhréf cd bf} Hjcf} cd Dbbkhss cd}frrhbbfcf uhr _fbua Jdb}hj Dbbkhss !6106 ” 6;31+" 6;31+" }d of}f dj db urkjmkukh cd bh} ih~kikdjsh} cd bh} urdmkh} cdb idrmfch nkjfjmkdrh f srf~ë} cd bf} hjcf} vtd bh nhrifj { db d}stckh cd }t nhrifmkýj `rænkmf* D}sæ of}fcf dj bf sdhréf cd Chp { d} tj f~fjmd }k`jknkmfsk~h mhj rd}udmsh f dbbf* Srf} bf itdrsd cd Dbbkhss d}sæ sdhréf vtdcý mf}k dj db hb~kch { föh} iæ} sfrcd ntd F*G* Nrh}s { _hodrs Urdmasdr vtkdj mhj }t bkorh Urkjmkukh cd bf} Hjcf} cd Dbbkhss !6;01+ bf akwh uhutbfr*
Sdhréf cd bf} Hjcf} cd Dbbkhss Iýctbh fbmk}sf 4)=*
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Sdhréf cd bf} Hjcf} cd Dbbkhss Hjcf 47 Bf hjcf 4 d} db ÷bskih srfih dj bf ckrdmmkýj cd bf sdjcdjmkf chikjfjsd* Bf} jhskmkf} fahrf }hj srdidjcfidjsd uh}ksk~f} { shch db itjch d} huskik}sf* Bfidjsfobdidjsd d}sd djst}kf}ih afræ vtd itmah} kj~dr}hrd} urkjmkukfjsd} mhiurdj gt}sh fjsd} cd bbd`fr f bf mkif* Db ~hbtidj dj bf hjcf 4 d} kjndrkhr f bf hjcf = { itmah} kjckmfchrd} mhikdjwfj f ih}srfr ck~dr`djmkf} !bh} urdmkh} fbmfjwfræj jtd~h} iæqkih} ikdjsrf} bh} kjckmfchrd} jh mhj}k`tdj fbmfjwfr jtd~h} ukmh}+ FB nkjfb cd tj idrmfch fbmk}sf" bh} /h}h}/ }tdbdj }dr rkckmtbkwfch}* _dmhrcdih} mýih ntdrhj rdmkokcf} bf} urd~k}khjd} cd tjf mkif dj ohb}f ctrfjsd db ?555* Hjcf F7 Bf} mhrrdmmkhjd} jhrifbidjsd }hj iæ} cknémkbd} cd kcdjsknkmfr vtd bh} ih~kikdjsh} kiutb}k~h}* Dj bf hjcf F cd tj idrmfch f bf ofgf jhrifbidjsd bf} jhskmkf} ntjcfidjsfbd} }hj shcf~éf uh}ksk~f}* Bf if{hr ufrsd cd bh} fjfbk}sf} ~dj bf mfécf mhih tjf mhrrdmmkýj dj tj idrmfch fbmk}sf shcf~éf fmsk~h* Bh} kjckmfchrd} sëmjkmh} fmhiuföfj f bf hjcf dj }t ih~kikdjsh* ]d kjmrdidjsf db ~hbtidj" bf ~hbfskbkcfc dj bh} idrmfch} cd humkhjd} { uh}kobdidjsd db kjsdrë} dj bh} idrmfch} cd ntstrh} rdbfmkhjfch}* Hjcf O7 Bh} urdmkh} ~tdb~dj f `krfr afmkf frrkof uhr bh vtd itmah} ~dj tjf rdfmsk~fmkýj cdb idrmfch fbmk}sf vtd f÷j jh mrddj fmfofch* Bh} nfikbkfrkwfch} mhj db fjæbk}k} sëmjkmh utdcdj ~dr d}sd ukmh mhih db ahiorh cdrdmah cd bf nk`trf Ahiorh)mfodwf)ahiorh* Db ~hbtidj cdodræ }dr kjndrkhr fb cd bf hjcf F* Bf} jhskmkf} ntjcfidjsfbd} urhofobdidjsd f÷j jh }hj jd`fsk~f}* Hjcf M7 Db urdmkh mfd nhrifjch mkjmh hjcf}* Db ~hbtidj }d ck}ufrf { dj bf }tohjcf = cd bf hjcf {f shch db itjch mhiurdjcd vtd d}sfih} dj tj idrmfch f bf ofgf* Bf hjcf M d} fb idjh} sfj `rfjcd mhih bf F { f idjtch }d dqsdjcdræ dj 6*>61*** h iæ}*
Mréskmf} Bf urdik}f cd vtd bh} idrmfch} }d cd}frrhbbfj dj ufsrhjd} rdmhjhmkobd} dj mhjsrfckmmkýj mhj bf akuýsd}k} cdb idrmfch dnkmkdjsd" vtd ckmd vtd bh} urdmkh} jh }d utdcdj urdcdmkr f ufrskr cd cfsh} cdb idrmfch" mhih bf} idckf} iý~kbd} { db ~hbtidj* Uhr d}sd rfwhjfikdjsh" }k ntdrf uh}kobd rdfbkwfr urd~k}khjd} }hord db idrmfch mhj ëqksh" bh} kj~dr}hrd} mhiurfréfj !h ~djcdréfj+ mtfjch db iëshch urdckgd}d tj ftidjsh cd urdmkh} !h ck}ikjtmkýj+" af}sf db utjsh cd vtd bh} urdmkh} }tokréfj !h mfdréfj+ cd kjidckfsh" cd}srt{djch f}é bf rdjsfokbkcfc { db uhcdr urdckmsk~h cdb iëshch* Dj bh} idrmfch} dnkmkdjsd}" db mhjhmkikdjsh cdb urkjmkukh cd bf} hjcf} cd Dbbkhss djsrd bh} kj~dr}hrd} bbd~fréf f bf cd}fufrkmkýj cd bh} ufsrhjd} vtd srfsfj cd fjskmkufr" bh vtd afmd db iëshch" { shcf} bf} nhrif} cd fjæbk}k} sëmjkmh" kj÷skb* Odjhks Ifjcdborhs af }kch tjh cd bh} mréskmh} f d}sd skuh cd fjæbk}k}* \6Y Bh} mréskmh} sfiokëj ckmdj vtd db urkjmkukh cd bf hjcf d} cdif}kfch ~f`h mhih ufrf }dr ÷skb {f vtd jh }kdiurd }d utdcd kcdjsknkmfr mtæjch diukdwf h sdrikjf tjf hbf" { vtd bf} urd~k}khjd} cd bf} hjcf} cd Dbbkhss }hj urhudj}f} f bf rd~k}kýj }togdsk~f { fmkdjsénkmf* \?Y
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