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Dmrgo Sc`gmvhaag

Hkshýmr sgk Hkshýmr

Dmkuma pmrm ha Kuhvo Hnucmnor 

Cmrmcms, :8

 

CM\Ä^XAO PGG Am Hdpmtäm

‑Am hdpmtäm hs am `mjgagnmn nh codpmrtgr  ha noaor nh otrm phrsokm—  D  MZS@MAA  Z   Z OSHKJHZI  OSHKJHZI 

Am Hnucmcgók y ha Mprhkngzmfh sok uk prochso

codukgcmtgvo. Mkths nh tonm coksgnhrmcgók currgcuamr, currgcuamr, nhjh prgvmr am rhamcgók Hnucmnor-Maudko codo hfh prgkcgpma nh hsh prochso. \mrm aoirmr nhsphrtmr gkthrçs hk am dmthrgm m hksh\mrm h kshýmr,, kosotros aos ýmr a os hnucmnorhs nhjhdos nhj hdos crhmr ukm cokhxgók hdocgokma posgtgvm cok kuhstros maudkos.

Ko mprhknhdos kmnm quh ko kos iusth  nh maiughk quh ko kos iusth  \mrm m`oknmr hk hsth thdm, \mrm th dm, dh phrdgto cok tono ha rhsphto quh aos psgcomkmagstms dh dhrhchk, dhkcgokmr am thoräm nha Gchjhri nh Sgidukn Erhun. Ha noctoraos Erhun ao codportmdghkto quh hstí vgsgjah hk kosotros shrhsmegrdmjm `udmkos,quh hs ha socgma, cokscghkth, rmcgokma. Hso hs ao prgdhro quh >5

Dmrgo Sc`gmvhaag 

 

proyhctmdos y ao prgdhro quh vhdos hk ha otro, uk =0

Dmrgo Sc`gmvhaag 

 

CM\Ä^XAO PGGG Am Codukgcmcgók Hnucmnor-Hstungmkth HA ZHS\H^O

=. Shr vgsgjah vgsgjah.. Am prhshkcgm y vgsgjgagnmn hk ha muam hs uk msphcto duy m thkhr hk cuhktm m am `orm nh gdpmrtgr ukm camsh. Xkm rhehrhkcgm vgsuma nha proehsor hk ha muam tghkh vgtma gdportmkcgm pmrm aos maudkos. \mrm \mrm haao hs gdportmkth hstmr prhehrhkthdhkth nh pgh y hk cokstmkth dovgdghkto2 cok ha cokstmkth dovgdghkto aoirmdos dmkthkhr matm am mthkcgók nha hstungmkth. :. Hscuc`mr Hscuc`mr.. Am ngehrhkcgm hktrh oär m uk hstungmkth y hscuc`mrao hs hkordh, ym quh cumkno ao hscuc`mdos ao hstmdos `mcghkno nh eordm mctgvm y ah

trmksdgtgdos quh mquhaao quh kos hstí ngcghkno hs gdportmkth tmkto pmrm ça codo pmrm kosotros. Aos maudkos nh ukm camsh nhdmknmk mthkcgók hk tono dodhkto. Nhjhdos hseorzmrkos hk hscuc`mr mquhaao quh kos qughrmk nhcgr. nhcgr. Cok haao ha ao mudhktmrhdos am hdpmtäm y dhformrhdos kuhstrm rhamcgók cok haaos. Mquhaaos nochkths quh sóao oyhk sgk hscuc`mr m sus maudkos, tghkhk ukm rhamcgók ngstmkth Hkshýmr sgk Hkshýmr. Dmkuma pmrm ha Kuhvo Hnucmnor 

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cok haaos y haao rhphrcuth khimtgvmdhkth hk am hehctgvgnmn nh am hkshýmkzm. 3. Dmkthkhr ha coktmcto vgsuma vgsuma.. Am codukgcmcgók ko vhrjma nh uk nochkth sh trmksdgth m trmvçs nh aos shktgnos y hs euknmdhktma hk ha nhsmrroaao nh ukm shsgók hehctgvm. Hk am codukgcmcgók ko vhrjma hs giumadhkth gdportmkth am dgrmnm, quh fuhim uk pmpha prhpoknhrmkth. Nhjhdos `mjamr m kuhstros maudkos dgríknoaos ngrhctmdhkth m aos ofos. Xk juhk coktmcto vgsuma trmksdgth shiurgnmn, codongnmn, hdpmtäm. >. >.   Cudpagr cok ao prodhtgno. prodhtgno. Am  Am gdportmkcgm nh shr duy hscrupuaosos cok mquhaao quh prodhthdos m kuhstros maudkos. Xkm prodhsm ko cudpagnm sh voavhrí hk kuhstrm coktrm. Xk nochkth quh ko dmktghkh su prodhsm o quh ko cudpah cok su pmamjrm hs uk nochkth quh poco m poco vm nhjgagtíknosh erhkth ma irupo y hso puhnh mehctmr duy khimtgvmkhim tgvmdhkth su prochso nh hkshýmkzm. 8. \osgcgokmrsh ma dgsdo kgvha. kgvha. \mrm  \mrm quh hxgstm ukm corrhctm codukgcmcgók hktrh nos phrsokms,

çstms nhjhk codpmrtgr ha dgsdo cóngio codukgcmtgvo. Ko nhjh phrcgjgrsh kg suphrgorgnmn kg gkehrgorgnmn hktrh mdjos. Xtgagzmr aos dgsdos rhigstros gngodítgcos myunm m hstmjahchr ngc`o posgcgokmdghkto. Hk am dhngnm quh shmdos cmpmchs nh codpmrtgr ha dgsdo cóngio, dís eaugnm y cokstructgvm shrí am codukgcmcgók hktrh maudko y nochkth. 8<

Dmrgo Sc`gmvhaag 

 

5. 5.   \oshhr uk juhk hstmno nh íkgdo. íkgdo.   Kuhstros projahdms phrsokmahs ko sh nhjhk trmsamnmr m kuhstrms shsgokhs. Myunm quh hktrmr hk ukm camsh hs codo sujgrhamgdmigkmr uk hschkmrgo nh uk thmtro6 Ko gdportm cuía shm kuhstro hstmno nh íkgdo, hk hsh dodhkto nhjhdos thkhr am cmpmcgnmn nh pokhr tono hso nh amno y nmr ao dhfor nh kosotros dgsdos. Shr proehsgokma jmfo cumaqughr cgrcukstmkcgm hs am dhfor eordm nh ngikgegcmr kuhstro trmjmfo. 9. Zhsphtmr am prgvmcgnmn. prgvmcgnmn. Hk  Hk am socghnmn mctuma am prgvmcgnmn sh hstí cokvgrtghkno hk uk aufo. Hs duy gdportmkth quh ams shsgokhs sh chktrhk hk ao hnucmtgvo y ko hk ao phrsokma. @my quh dmkthkhr ukm cghrtm ngstmkcgm cok aos maudkos y uk cghrto rhsrhsphto por ao quh m ams rhnhs socgmahs sh rheghrh.

AM GK^HZMCCGÓK

=. Cumkn Cumknoo ah `mjah `mjahdo doss m kuhstr kuhstros os maud maudkos kos,, shpmd shpmdos os gkthrprhtmr quh kos hstík hscuc`mkno y kos hstík

hkthknghkno. Sg ko `my Mthkcgók, ko `my codprhk hkthknghkno. sgók. Hstmjahzcmdos uk coktmcto vgsuma y uk mchrcmmchrcmdghkto eäsgco suegcghkth dms ko hxmihrmno, pmrm ko cmusmr shksmcgók nh ‑mdhkmzm—. Hktrhkhdos aos chrhjros nh kuhstros maudkos hk ojshrvmr am rhmagnmn, mkmagzmram, h gkvoaucrçdosaos hk am cokvhrsmcgók nhsnh ha codghkzo. Hkshýmr sgk Hkshýmr. Dmkuma pmrm ha Kuhvo Hnucmnor 

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:. Hktr Hktrhk hkhd hdos os aos aos chr chrhj hjro ross pmr pmrm `mchr `mchr co codp dpmr mrmc mcgo go-khs, emcgagtíknoahs cokhxgokhs chrhjrmahs. \.h. M. dostrmr uk quh ngjufo nh ukmnhjmfo zmkm`orgm hxpagcm r quh sok rmächs crhchk nh amy hxpagcmr tghrrm codo ams pmpms. M hsh pukto prhiuktmrahs ams ngehrhkcgms hktrh ams nos, cuía nh ams nos prheghrhk, quç otrms vhrnurms ahs iustm y su nhscrgpcgók. J. ¡Hstí aaovghkno! Chrrhdos am vhktmkm, porquh nh ao coktrmrgo sh dofm ha pgso! ¿W hso por quç suchnh? Hstms y otrms prhiuktms shrvgrík m aos a os kgýos pmrm orimkgzmr cokchptos y myunmraos m codprhknhr ao quh suchnh hk torko m haaos cotgngmkmdhkth. Nhsmrroaamk am co`hrhkcgm y ams rhamcgokhs cmusm-hehcto. 3. Aos Aos kgýo kgýoss mpr mprhk hknhk nhk m tr trmv mvçs çs nh am amss hdo hdocgo cgokh khss posgtgvms y ha mehcto sgkchro. Hs duy gdportmkth quh codukgquhdos y hkshýhdos m `mchrao, gkcauyhkno hk ao quh nhcgdos mnfhtgvos quh hxprhshk hdocgokhs. Xk chrhjro hdocgokmno ihkhrm mthkcgók y crhmtgvgnmn. >. Nh Nhdo dost strm rmrr m ku kuhst hstro ross mau maudk dkos os co coks kstm tmkt kthd hdhk hkth th quh aos hstgdmdos y quh cokegmdos hk haaos, mchptíknoaos tma codo sok. Ha chrhjro ngserutm cok am

cokegmkzm y ahs otorim shksmcgók nh jghkhstmr y ehagcgnmn. Aos kgýos nhjhk thkhr cokegmkzm hk sus propgms cmpmcgnmnhs. Nhjhdos myunmrahs m quh `mimk cosms quh shmk cmpmchs nh `mchr cok phquhýos nhsmeäos quh smjhdos puhnmk suphrmr cok uk phquhýo hseuhrzo. Nhfmraos hxphrgdhktmr m trm8:

Dmrgo Sc`gmvhaag 

 

vçs nh phquhýos pmsos, pmrm msä hvgtmr am shksmcgók nh erustrmcgók. 8. Nhjh Nhjhdo doss haoi haoigm gmraraos os cok coktgtgku kumd mdhk hkth, th, tm tmdj djgç gçkk cumk cumk-no sh hqugvocmk, mukquh shm por ha hseuhrzo nh `mjhrao gkthktmno. Kukcm corrhigraos mjruptmdhkth. Ma chrhjro ah iustm shr codprhkngno, ao trmkqugagzm. Ko `my quh hstgidmtgzmr ha hrror, hrror, nhjh hkthknhrsh codo uk pmso ojagimno ma mprhkngzmfh. Sg ko `my hrror, ko sh mprhknh. 5. Hnuqu Hnuquhd hdos os m kuhs kuhstr tros os mau maudk dkos os m pro proir irmd mdmr mr,, m crhmr uk pamk pa mk pmrm aoirmr aoirmr uk ojfhtgvo. ojfhtgvo. \.h. \.h. ‑¡M`orm ‑¡M`o rm pokimdos hk ornhk ha muam tonos fuktos y auhio ahhrhdoss uk cuhkto!—, ahhrhdo cuhkto!—, Zhcornmr quh ha nhjhr nhjhr vghkh vghkh sghdprh mkths nh am irmtgegcmcgók6 ‑Mkths ams tmrhms y auhio fuimdos—. fuimdos—. Ams rhiams y aos aädgths aädgth s y ha rhsphtmraos, myunmk ma maudko m shktgrsh shiuro. 9. Myunh Myunhdo doss m nhs nhsmr mrro roaam aamrr am am Hdpm Hdpmtäm täm,, otr otroo hahd hahdhkt hktoo euknmdhktma quh kmngh kos hkshým. Hstmr y codpmrtgr cok aos otros maudkos, fuhios, eghstms, hstmnos nh íkgdo, sghdprh mthktos m ams juhkms dmkhrms6 smaunmr, mirmnhchr, hscuc`mr, nhfmr `mjamr. 0. Co Coam amjo jorh rhdo doss ma ma nhsm nhsmrr rroa oaao ao nh nhaa shk shktgn tgnoo nh nh rhspok rhspoksmsm-

jgagnmn, msgikíknoahs hkcmrios y todm nh nhcgsgokhs. 7. Hs Hstgtgdu duah ahdo doss su kmt kmtur urma ma cur curgo gosg sgnm nmnn `mcg `mcgmm ao kuhv kuhvo. o. Kuhstros dghnos puhnhk jaoquhmr mnvhrthkcgms aos chrhjros nh kuhstros maudkos. Nhdmsgmnms Hkshýmr sgk Hkshýmr. Dmkuma pmrm ha Kuhvo Hnucmnor 

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nhsmaghktmk ma kgýo m todmr gkgcgmtgvms propgms. nhsmaghktmk propgms. Haaos tghkhk quh meroktmr kuhvos nhsmeäos, por supuhsto sghdprh mthktos m su gkcoaudgnmn eäsgcm y dhktma. =

Dmrgo Sc`gmvhaag 

 

CM\Ä^XAO PGU \rhiuktms \onhrosms ‑Fuzim dís ma `odjrh por sus prhiuktms  quh por sus rhspuhstms—. U OA^MGZH  OA^MGZH 

A

ms prhiuktms sok aamvhs díigcms quh ihkhrmk cokcghkcgm hk ha maudko. Ams prhiuktms nha Kuhvo Hnucmnor nhjhk  nhjhk  shr ngehrhkths m ams prhiuktms kordmahs, ams cumahs juscmk ojthkhr gkeordmcgók por pmrth nh qughk ams rhspoknh, pmrm jhkhegcgo nh qughk ams eorduam. Xkm prhiuktm nha Kuhvo Hnucmnor , hk  , hk ihkhrma, ko juscm gkeordmcgók, sgko quh ha maudko rheahxgokh o aoirh ukm phrsphctgvm sojrh maio. Hktrh ams cmrmcthrästgcms nha Kuhvo hnucmnor  nhjh prgvmr am crhmtgvgnmn, vmaghkth h gagdgtmnm  pmrm quh cmnm camsh, cmnm coktmcto cok su  maudkmno shm orgigkma, hdocgokmkth y eructäehro.

Aos sgiughkths sok sgdpahs hfhdpaos nh ao quh ponrämk shr prhiuktms ponhrosms quh, smavo pocms hxchpcgokhs, ha fustohnmn. toko puhnhk shr eorduamnms m maudkos nhcok cumaqughr Hkshýmr sgk Hkshýmr. Dmkuma pmrm ha Kuhvo Hnucmnor 

 

\ZHIXK^MS NH GKGCGO NH SHDMKM

¿Eugsth vmaghkth ha egk nh shdmkm? ¿Eugsth ihktga ha egk nh shdmkm? ¿]uç euh ao quh dís th hdocgokó ha egk nh shdmkm? \ZHIXK^MS NH ZHEAHPGÓK

¿\or quç pghksms quh th hqugvocmsth? ¿Nhsnh cuíkno pghksms hk hsto? ¿Códo th sghkths cumkno pghksms hk hsto? ¿Cuík gdportmkth hs hsto pmrm tg? ¿]uç tmk dotgvmno hstís pmrm rhsoavhr hsto? ¿Cuía shräm ha sgiughkth pmso? ¿]uç otrm phrsphctgvm ponräms mkmagzmr? \ZHIXK^MS NH UGSXMAGVMCGÓK

¿Cuía hs tu ojfhtgvo prgdmrgo? ¿]uç rhsuatmnos th iustmräm ojthkhr? ¿Códo th vhs hk ukos dhshs? ¿]uç th propokhs aoirmr mquä? ¿Cuía hs tu phrsphctgvm mquä?

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¿\onräms ngjufmr ukm gdmihk pmrm nhscrgjgr aos rhsuatmnos quh nhshms ojthkhr? ¿Cuía hs tu ojfhtgvo öatgdo? 85

Dmrgo Sc`gmvhaag 

 

\ZHIXK^MS NH \AMKGEGCMCGÓK

¿Cuía shräm uk pamk pmrm aoirmr maiök mnhamkto? ¿]uç opgkms sojrh hstructurmr uk pamk pmrm shiugr mnhamkth? ¿]uç pmsos propoknräms pmrm shiugr mnhamkth? ¿]uç th myunmräm m mvmkzmr m vmkzmr m`orm? \ZHIXK^MS NH \XK^XMAGVMCGÓK

¿]uç ponräms `mchr pmrm cmdjgmr am sgtumcgók? ¿]uç ponräms `mchr pmrm aoirmr quh hsto ocurrm? ¿]uç mcokshfmräms m tu codpmýhro/m sg th pgnghrm pgnghrm myunm cok hsth projahdm? ¿]uç sgikgegcm hsto pmrm tg hk hsth dodhkto? ¿]uç ponräms `mchr nh gkdhngmto quh q uh th `gcghrm shktgr dhfor? ¿]uç `mräms sg supghrms quh ko puhnhs hqugvocmrth? Gdmigkm quh `ms rhsuhato ha ngahdm, ¿códo th shktgräms? ¿]uç `mräms ngehrhkth sg rhsoavghrms hstm sgtumcgók? \ZHIXK^MS NH EOZ^MAHCGDGHK^O

¿]uç `ujo nh dmrmvgaaoso hstm shdmkm hk tu vgnm? ¿]uç `ms mprhkngno hstm shdmkm? ¿]ugçk dís sh jhkhegcgmrí? Hkshýmr sgk Hkshýmr. Dmkuma pmrm ha Kuhvo Hnucmnor 

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¿\or quç nhjhräms hstmr mirmnhcgno? Sg punghrms hscoihr, ¿quç th `mräm ehagz? ¿Códo rhpamkthmrth hsth msukto y ojthkhr dhforhsponräms rhsuatmnos? Hk ukm hscmam nh = m = ó 8 shiuknos suchnhk cosms dmrmvgaaosms hk aos chrhjros nh aos hstungmkths, h gkthrrudpgr hsos prochsos por pmrth nha Hnucmnor, hxgighkno ukm rhs-

puhstm gkdhngmtm, ko hs ao dís mpropgmno. Hkshýmr sgk Hkshýmr. Dmkuma pmrm ha Kuhvo Hnucmnor 

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 UHK^MFMS

\mrm ha Hstungmkth Hstungmkth66 Cumkno ha Chrhjro tghkh dís tghdpo pmrm prochsmr gkeordmcgók, dhform su cmagnmn nh \hksmdghkto y nh Mprhkngzmfh. Am cokchpcgók nh quh am \musm (o ^ghdpo nh Hsphrm) hs ukm pçrngnm nh tghdpo porquh ‑ko sh `mch kmnm—, kmnm—, hs hrrmnm. Ha Chrhjro nh aos hstungmkths nurmkth hsms jrhvhs pmusms quh otorimdos nhspuçs nh ukm prhiuktm, puhnh hehctumr ngstgktms mccgokhs6 cokchktrmrsh hk ukm gdmihk, `mchr msocgmcgokhs, codpmrmcgokhs, coktrmsths, juscmr hk su vocmjuamrgo dhktma, crhmr kuhvms cokhxgokhs.  M trmvçs nh hsm \musm aos prochsos dhktmahs sh hkrgquhchk, sh proeukngzmk. \mrm ha Hnucmnor6 Hnucmnor6 Ams  Ams \musms sok dgcro-vmcmcgokhs quh kos otorimdos nhktro nh kuhstrm migtmnm y codpahfm forkmnm nh camshs. \onhdos nhthkhrkos m rheahxgokmr sojrh códo kos shktgdos, códo sh sghkth sgh kth ha irupo, hxpagcmr quç khchsgtmk kuhstros ponhdos dhfor uk thdm. hstungmkths, códo Sok phquhýos dodhktos nh rheahxgók quh kos myunmk m camrgegcmr kuhstro rhcorrgno. ^G\OS NH \MXSMS

\musm nh gdpmcto gdpmcto66 Hs am \musm quh ihkhrm hx-

phctmcgók phctmcgók,, curgosgnmn curgosgnmn y  y por hknh, Mthkcgók hknh, Mthkcgók  Mthkcgók.. 5:

Dmrgo Sc`gmvhaag 

 

\musm post-tmrhm post-tmrhm66 Hs am quh ha hstungmkth khchsgtm auhio nh `mjhr thrdgkmno uk hxmdhk o ukm pruhjm mkths nh hktrhimram, pmrm quh puhnm rheahxgokmr sojrh ao quh `m hscrgto. \musm sgdpagegcmnorm sgdpagegcmnorm66 Duy ötga pmrm hamjormr y sgdpagegcmr ukm rhspuhstm m ukm prhiuktm por pmrth nh uk maudko. \musm irupma irupma66 Auhio nh ukm rhspuhstm por pmrth nh uk maudko, hs am \musm khchsmrgm pmrm quh otros hstungmkths hstungmkths puhnmk  puhnmk prochsmr am rçpagcm nmnm por su codpmýhro y nhcgngr sg mirhimr codhktmrgos o gkeordmcgokhs mngcgokmahs.

Hkshýmr sgk Hkshýmr. Dmkuma pmrm ha Kuhvo Hnucmnor 

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CM\Ä^XAO PUG Hkshýmr y Mprhknhr 

‑…hs uk poco codo cokstrugr irmkhros pöjagcos2 mcuduamr rhshrvms pmrm nhehknhrkos  nha gkvghrko nha hspärgtu quh, por duc`os  gkngcgos, m phsmr däo, vho vhkgr...—. D  MZIXHZG^H  W   W OXZCHKMZ  OXZCHKMZ  Dhdorgms nh Mnrgmko 

^onm am pmsgók y hdocgók quh tghkh uk kgýo por

mprhknhr nhsnh quh kmch hk am dmyoräm nh aos cmsos cumkno codghkzm m gr m am hscuham ngsdgkuyhk y duc`ms vhchs nhsmpmrhchk. Maaä gkgcgm su nhscokhxgók hdocgokma cok tono ao quh tghkh quh vhr cok mprhknhr. Ha Sgsthdm Hscuham cmrhch ao quh yo kodjro ha Hehcto Ngvhrsgók (HN). Hanhkgýo, m dhngnm quhcodo mvmkzm hk ha coahigo, sh ngvghrth cmnm vhz dhkos, sh mpmim su curgosgnmn, su dotgvmcgók y su mphtgto por mprhknhr. mprhknhr. Cok ha pmsmr nh aos mýos am rhamcgók cok am hscuham sh vuhavh mahfmnm, mjurrgnm, hstrhsmkth, nhsphrsokmagzmnm. Ojagimcgók y codphthkcgm sok aos irmknhs ‑mpmimnorhs— nh tonm hdocgók. Ihkhrmadhkth Ihkhrmadhkth aos hstungmkths

ko cmptmk ha vmaor eordmtgvo nha mprhkngzmfh2 haaos 5>

Dmrgo Sc`gmvhaag 

 

hstík orghktmnos `mcgm ha mprhkngzmfh codo uk gkhvgtmjah y ojagimno gkstrudhkto pmrm am vgnm2 mprhknhr ‑pmrm `mchr— y ko ‑pmrm shr—. Sh hstungm hxmctmdhkth ao gdprhscgkngjah, nh dhdorgm, pmrm suphrmr ams pruhjms y hxídhkhs y msä smtgsemchr smtgs emchr m aos pmnrhs, m tonm am emdgagm, cudpagr cok am socghnmn y rhcgjgr ha tmk hsphrmno prhdgo (vmcmcgokhs, ngkhro, vgmfh, cmrro, doto, htc.) Soao dotgvmcgokhs hxträkshcms. ¿W ams gkträkshcms? ¿Ams quh tghkhk quh vhr cok ha vhrnmnhro shr quh tghkh nhktro nh sä hsh hstungmkth cok sus suhýos, pmsgokhs, vgsgokhs, emktmsäms? Hs duy gdportmkth quh aos Hnucmnorhs aoirhdos codprhknhr códo aos kgýos mprhknhk, por quç mprhknhk y quç nhshmk mprhknhr, pmrm msä fukto m haaos emcgagtmrahss ha cmdgko pmrm `mchrao. Mkgdíknoahs m hstuemcgagtmrah ngmr ko sóao porquh `my quh `mchrao pmrm cokshiugr uk juhk trmjmfo, sgko tmdjgçk pmrm hkrgquhchr sus hspärgtus, sus madms. \mrm haao ha mprhkngzmfh nhjh shr gkthrhsmkth y hdocgokmkth6 nhjh rhsmatmr tono ao dmrmvgaaoso y mdpago quh gdpagcm ha ha cokocgdghkto. Ha cokocgdghkto uk aufo, codoNhjh vhrnmnhrm nh vgnm,vgsto codocodo vhrnmnhrm jhaahzm. shr ukcmagnmn pamchr hkshýmr y uk pamchr mprhknhr mprhknhr.. Msä aoirmrhdos kuhstrm prgdhrm ‑cokhxgók— cok ha hstungmkth6 codpmrtgr ukm dgsdm vgsgók, uk dgsdo dotgvo hk cmnm hkcuhktro. Xk hkcuhktro pamchkthro.

Hkshýmr sgk Hkshýmr. Dmkuma pmrm ha Kuhvo Hnucmnor 

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CM\Ä^XAO PUGG Ha Chrhjro hs Mutókodo

Hstí codprojmno quh ha chrhjro hs mutókodo y

ah iustm iustm nhcgngr nhcgngr quç mprhkn mprhknhr hr,, códo mprhknhr mprhknhr,, cuíkno mprhknhr y nh qugçk mprhknhr. Am mutokodäm hk ha mprhkngzmfh ko sgikgegcm `mchr ma gkngvgnuo protmiokgstm protmiokgstm ökgco nh su propgo mprhkngzmfh. Sh trmtm nh shr gknhphknghkthh hk am amjor nh mprhknhr phknghkt mprhknhr, phro tghkh quh hxgshxgstgr ukm coamjormcgók coamjormcgók coktgkum hk ha nhsmrroaao nha nha smjhr. smjhr. \mrm cudpagr hsth ojfhtgvo, ha Hnucmnor nhjh ngspokhr nh cghrtms `mjgagnmnhs y `hrrmdghktms quh ah phrdgtmk gkcuacmr ma hstungmkth gkgcgmtgvms gkgcgm tgvms mutókodms hk ha mprhkngzmfh, pmrm quh çsth shm cmpmz cmpmz nh coktgkumr mprhknghkno nh dmkhrm cmnm vhz dís hegcmz h egcmz y nh eordm gknhphknghkth nhsnh thdprmkm hnmn.  Umdo  U mdos s m nhs nhstmc tmcmr =< suhahk gkgcgm gkg cgmtgv tgvms ms quhduy puhnhk puh nhk gkcuac gkc uacmr mr ngc`m mutokodäm ymrquh thkhr juhkos rhsuatmnos6 =. Nhjhd Nhjhdos os mj mjmk mkno nokm kmrr kuh kuhst stro ro ro roaa tr trmng mngcgo cgokm kmaa y chnhr hspmcgo hk am todm nh nhcgsgokhs, pmrm quh ha maudkmno thkim dmyor protmiokgsdo. :. Nhj Nhjhd hdos os eo eodh dhkt ktmr mr am cu curgo rgosg sgnmn nmn,, por porqu quhh suh suhah ah shr duy dotgvmnorm pmrm ha hstungmkth.

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Dmrgo Sc`gmvhaag 

 

3. Nhjh Nhjhdo doss crhm crhmrr ukm ukm iu iuäm äm phr phrso sokm kmagagzm zmnm nm nh nh mquhaaos cokchptos quh tghkh quh gr msgdgamkno ha hstungmkth m ao amrio nha curso. Nh hstm dmkhrm cmnm hstungmkth ponrí gr mprhknghkno >.

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shiök su kgvha nh codprhksgók, m su rgtdo. Nhjh Nh jhdo doss rhe rheor orzm zmrr ha ha shk shktgn tgnoo nh nh am am rhs rhspo poks ksmmjgagnmn, dms ko nh am ojagimcgók hk aos hstungmkths. Nhjh Nh jhdo doss ihkh ihkhrrmr pro proyh yhct ctos os crh crhmt mtgv gvos os pmr pmrmm utgagzmr ao mprhkngno hk kuhvms sgtumcgokhs. Nhjhd Nhj hdos os rh rheo eorz rzmr mr am mut muton ongs gscgp cgpagk agkm6 m6 Nh Nhng ngcmr cmr am mthkcgók gkgkthrrudpgnm m ukm soam cosm `mstm egkmagzmram2 shr crätgcos cok kuhstros rmzokmdghktos2 vmaormr posgtgvmdhkth aos phquhýos aoiros cokshiugnos2 shccgokmr aos ojfhtgvos mkmagzmkno pmso m pmso ao quh `my quh `mchr. `mchr. Nhjh Nh jhdo doss hvg hvgnh nhkc kcgmr gmr ams cm cmpmc pmcgn gnmnh mnhs, s, ko so soao ao gkthahctumahs, sgko tmdjgçk eäsgcms y hdocgokmahs nh cmnm maudko.

7. Nhjh Nh jhdo dos s nhs nhsph phrt rtmr mrcok ukmmaoseuh uk euhrt rthh dot dcodo otgv gvmc mcgó gókk `mcgm am coophrmcgók nhdís dhngo pmrm nhsmrroaamr ha propgo mprhkngzmfh. =

Dmrgo Sc`gmvhaag 

 

ZHCZHOS ❝

Aos rhcrhos sok cortos, `my poco tghdpo agjrh hktrh hktrh `orms nh camsh.

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Ko `my suphrvgsgók nh aos proehsorhs nurmkth aos rhcrhos. HKSHÝMKVM

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Hkshýmr sh hktghknh dís codo ‑dhthr gkeordmcgók— quh codo ‑smcmr gkeordmcgók— (nhscujrgr aos gkthrhshs, tmahktos y mptgtunhs nh aos hstungmkths, gknmimr ao quh qughrhk mprhknhr, códo ao qughrhk mprhknhr, cuíkno ao qughrhk mprhknhr). Ko sh hkshýmk otros gngodms. Ko sh rhsphtmk ams ngvhrsms cuaturms. Am dmyor pmrth nha tghdpo ha proehsor `mjam y aos hstungmkths hscuc`mk o todmk mpukths. Sh hsphrm y pgnh quh aos hstungmkths cokthsthk hk coro mkths quh gkngvgnumadhkth. Sh prgorgzm am dhdorgm dís quh am codprhksgók.

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Sh hkshým sgk vhrgegcmr sg aos hstungmkths codprhknhk.

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@my poco fuhio, pocm rgsm, duc`m shrghnmn.

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Sh dmkhfmk am ngscgpagkm y ams kordms nh dmkhrm räignm.

Hkshýmr sgk Hkshýmr. Dmkuma pmrm ha Kuhvo Hnucmnor 

 

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Cumkno `my uk projahdm ko sh rhcurrh ma ngíaoio sgko ma cmstgio.

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Ko sh orimkgzmk mctgvgnmnhs nh mprhkngzmfh y rhcrhmcgók ma mgrh agjrh.

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Ha thxto hscoamr hs ha ökgco rhcurso usmno hk am hkshýmkzm. ❝

Aos proehsorhs sgiuhk ha thxto dhtóngcmdhkth.

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Sh ahh y sh hscrgjh poco hk camsh.

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Ha proehsor dmknm m ahhr o m hscrgjgr codo cmstgio.

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Ko sh codhktm hk camsh sojrh ao quh ocurrh hk ha pmäs y hk ha dukno.

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Ko sh maghktm, sgko quh dís jghk sh rhprgdh am curgosgnmn y am prhiuktm.

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Ko sh trmjmfm sojrh projahdms cokcrhtos nh am rhmagnmn.

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Sh produhvh ha mprhkngzmfh gkngvgnuma mkths quh ha mprhkngzmfh coahctgvo, hk irupo.

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Sh produhvh am codphthkcgm mkths quh am cooph-

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rmcgók hktrh aos hstungmkths. Aos proehsorhs hsphrmk quh aos hstungmkths pghkshk codo haaos (sh hkshým ‑quç— phksmr hk vhz nh ‑códo— phksmr). Ko hstí jghk vgsto y `mstm puhnh shr dotgvo nh cmstgio, ngscrhpmr, crgtgcmr, thkhr opgkgokhs ngehrhkths. Dmrgo Sc`gmvhaag 

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Ko sh hstgduam ha nhjmth nh gnhms hk camsh. Ko sh juscm nhsmrroaamr am mutokodäm nh aos hstungmkths sgko dís jghk am nhphknhkcgm, am ojhnghkcgm, am sudgsgók. ^MZHMS

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Nhdmsgmnms tmrhms2 m aos hstungmkths ahs quhnm poco tghdpo pmrm fuimr, hstmr cok am emdgagm o mdgios, htc. Aos hstungmkths ko hktghknhk ams tmrhms o ko puhnhk `mchrams soaos. Am hscuham hsphrm (y pgnh) quh aos pmnrhs `mimk ams tmrhms fukto cok sus `gfos. HUMAXMCGOKHS

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@my duc`ms pruhjms y hvmaumcgokhs. Ko sh hstgduam am mutohvmaumcgók kg am hvmaumcgók hktrh hstungmkths. Ko sh pgnh m aos hstungmkths quh nhk sus opgkgokhs sojrh aos proehsorhs y sojrh am hscuham. Sh camsgegcm m aos hstungmkths h stungmkths (‑juhkos— y ‑dmaos— ‑dmaos—,,  ‑gkthagihkths— y ‑toktos— ‑toktos—,, ‑rípgnos— y ‑ahktos—) jmsíknosh soao hk aos puktmfhs nh ams pruhjms y/o hxídhkhs. Aos quh ojtghkhk dmams cmagegcmcgokhs sok ojfhto nh `udgaamcgók, juram y mgsamdghkto.

Hkshýmr sgk Hkshýmr. Dmkuma pmrm ha Kuhvo Hnucmnor 

 

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Aos proehsorhs ko hxpagcmk m aos maudkos, gkngvgnumadhkth, hk quç sh hqugvocmrok hk am pruhjm.

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Ha proehsor sh cokchktrm soao hk aos ‑dhforhs maudkos—. GKEOZDÍ^GCM

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Ams codputmnorms y aos hqugpos hstík sujutgagzmnos.

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Hstík ojsoahtos.

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Hstík nmýmnos, ko eukcgokmk jghk.

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Ko `my Gkthrkht.

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Am cokhxgók hs duy ahktm.

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Dmrgo Sc`gmvhaag 

CM\Ä^XAO PGP Am Hnucmcgók ^rmngcgokma

Am hnucmcgók trmngcgokma ko aoirm gkthrprhtmr, hkthknhr y eodhktmr ams vhrnmnhrms cmpmcgnmnhs nha hstungmkth. Ko todm hk cuhktm quh am Gkthagihkcgm hs vmrgmnm, ngstgktm, ngkídgcm, gkthrmctgvm. Hs uk sgsthdm hstíknmr jmsmno hk ukm pgrídgnh nh Dmthrgms ‑Gdportmkths— y Dmthrgms ‑\oco gdportmkths—. gdportmkths—. Ko `my kgkiök sgsthdm hnucmtgvo quh nhngquh m am nmkzm, am dösgcm, ha cmkto, ha ngjufo, ha dgsdo tghdpo quh nhngcm m ams dmthdítgcms o m am eäsgcm. Hk ha Sgsthdm prhvmahchk ams dmthrgms quh kos sgrvhk y ko ams quh kos mpmsgokmk, crhmkno hfçrcgtos nh shrhs `udmkos tçckgcmdhkth duy prhpmrmnos dms hdocgokmadhkth mpmimnos. Shrhs `udmkos quh pghksmk quh ha cuhrpo hs am `hrrmdghktm quh kos sgrvh pmrm trmksportmr kuhstro chrhjro. @my quh hstungmr euknmdhktmadhkth ao quh kos ngimk pmrm pmsmr aos hxídhkhs y msä hktrmr hk am ukgvhrsgnmn, y msä auhio auh io ponhr cokshiugr uk trmjmfo.

Hkshýmr sgk Hkshýmr. Dmkuma pmrm ha Kuhvo Hnucmnor 

 

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Ams cmrmcthrästgcms dís sojrhsmaghkths nh am hnucmcgók trmngcgokma sok6 • Hstu Hstung ngmk mkth th pm pmsg sgvo vo • Sh jm jmsm sm hk uk agjro agjro hsph hsphcäeg cäegco co,, rhspht rhsphtmkn mknoo su ornhk. • Hs Hstm tmtu tuss nh sup suphr hrgo gorg rgnm nmn. n. • Dm Dmkn knmt mtmr mrgm gm y ng ngní níct ctgc gcm. m. • Nhdostrmtgtgvvm. • Eordma. • Ko tghkh tghkh hk cuhk cuhktm tm ams ams ngehrhk ngehrhkcgm cgmss (cuatur (cuaturmahs mahs,, phrsokmahs, gkthahctumahs) • • • • • • •

Cokehr hrhk hkccgstm. Ngstmkcgmnm. Xkgn Xk gngr grhc hccg cgookm kma.a. Hscms Hsc msmm mthk mthkcg cgók ók ma hstu hstung ngmk mkth. th. Nhcg Nh cgnh nh ha rh rhco corr rrgn gno. o. Mutorgtmr mrggm. \hk hkmag magzm zm ha hr hrro rorr.

Dmrgo Sc`gmvhaag 

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CM\Ä^XAO PP Ha ‑Kuhvo— Hnucmnor 

‑Xk fmrngkhro quh rghim shdgaams  y hsphrm quh jrothk—.

Am hkshýmkzm nhjh suphrmr ams erokthrms nh am

sgdpah trmksehrhkcgm nh gkeordmcgók. Sg quhrhdos shr ‑Kuhvos— Hnucmnorhs, nhjhdos

aoirmr shr hstgduamnorhs duatgshksorgmahs. Nhjhdos shr tmdjgçk mctorhs, dgdos, jueokhs, codukgcmnorhs, psgcóaoios, ngeusorhs nh shktgdghktos, nh shksmcgokhs. Cmpmchs nh nhsphrtmr hk ha hstungmkth tonos sus shktgnos pmrm quh tonm shsgók sh cokvghrtm hk ukm hxphrghkcgm duatgshksorgma ökgcm h gkoavgnmjah, eortmahcghkno cokstmkthdhkth am mthkcgók y am cokchktrmcgók nha maudkmno. Nhjhdos aoirmr quhemstgngo, ha hstungmkth dongegquh su dmpm dhktma nha ‑¡quç thkio camsh!— ma ‑¡quç juhko, thkio camsh camsh!!—.  Mnhdís, • Nhjhdos shr vmaghkths, shiuros. • Nhjhdos cokochr códo eukcgokm ha chrhjro. Hkshýmr sgk Hkshýmr. Dmkuma pmrm ha Kuhvo Hnucmnor 

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• Nhjhdos hstmr cokscghkths nha gdpmcto sojrh ha 

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hstungmkth. Nhjhdos shr shksgjahs - `udganhs - co`hrhkths -  `okhstos. Nhjhdos shr provocmnorhs y hstgduamnorhs. Ko nhjhdos shr kg ngrhctgvos kg mutorgtmrgos. Nhjhdos shr gkthrmctgvos - hdpítgcos. Nhjhdos trmksdgtgr cokegmkzm. Nhjhdos hstgduamr am mthkcgók y am cokchktrmcgók. Nhjhdos smjhr irmtgegcmr cokstmkthdhkth. Nhjhdos hfhrchr am hscuc`m mctgvm. Nhjhdos gdpuasmr cokvhrsmcgokhs gkthrhsmkths cok  prhiuktms mjghrtms.

• Nhjhdos thkhr sghdprh juhk shktgno nha `udor. • Nhjhdos smjhr dotgvmr, codprodhthr y rhspoksm-  jgagzmr ma hstungmkth nh su propgo mprhkngzmfh. • Nhjhdos prodovhr khxos agkiñästgcos y cuaturmahs  cok rheahxgokhs. • Nhjhdos dmkthkhr uk mdjghkth shiuro y trmkqugao.

• Nhjhdos shr uk rhcurso ngspokgjah y eahxgjah  tmdjgçk euhrm nh camsh. • Nhjhdos smjhr cuíkno y códo corrhigr. • Ko nhjhdos fuzimr - ko nhjhdos suihrgr. • Nhjhdos shr prodotorhs nh cokvhrsmcgokhs, ko nh  cuhstgokmrgos. Nhjhdoss rhsphtmr rhsphtmr aos aos sgahkcgo sgahkcgoss - ko ko nhjhdos nhjhdos gkth gkthrr rrud udpg pgr. r. • Nhjhdo

Nhjhdos smjhr Hkshýmr sgk Hkshýmr  0:

Dmrgo Sc`gmvhaag 

 

CM\Ä^XAO PPG

Ams Kordms hk Camsh quä vmk maiukms cmrmcthrästgcms nh ams kordms   M quh mctumadhkth sh mpagcmk hk camsh.  M usthnhs, hstgdmnos coahims, pmrm su mkíagsgs y rheahxgók  • Sok Sok nhdm nhdmsg sgmn mnoo thór thórgc gcms ms.. • Ha maud maudko ko ko ko ahs vh mpagc mpagcmcgó mcgókk hk ha muam muam o chk chktro  tro  hscoamr. • ^on ^onms ms ams ams kordm kordmss tghkhk tghkhk am dgsd dgsdmm gdport gdportmkc mkcgm. gm. • Sok hxchs hsggvms ms.. • Ha mau maudk dkoo ko ams ams sghk sghkth th cod codoo suym suyms. s. • @my kor kordms dms gkk gkkhchs hchsmrgm mrgmss o rhnu rhnuknmk knmkths. ths. • Ha maudk maudkoo ko pmr pmrtgcg tgcgpm pm hk am crhmcg crhmcgók ók nh nh ngc`ms  ngc`ms  kordms nh camsh2 ah vghkhk nmnms por ha nochkth  o por ha hqugpo ngrhctgvo nha chktro. • Sh nmk nmk tonm tonmss ams ams kordm kordmss hk ukm dgs dgsdm dm shsgó shsgók. k.  M usthnhs, hstgdmnos coahims, ukms propuhstms  =. Kordms proirhsgvms. proirhsgvms. Sh  Sh trmtm nh hvgtmr nmr tonms ams kordms nh ioaph y hk am dgsdm Hkshýmr sgk Hkshýmr. Dmkuma pmrm ha Kuhvo Hnucmnor 

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shsgók. Sg nmdos tonms ams kordms hk ukm dgsdm shsgók, hstms suhahk quhnmr duy ngaugnms

y ma maudko ah cuhstm rhthkhrams. :. Nh ao urihkth m ao gdportmkth. gdportmkth. Hs  Hs euknmdhktma hkshýmr m aos maudkos quh ko tonms ams kordms nh camsh tghkhk am dgsdm coksgnhrmcgók. Sg hstms kordms sh hkshýmk nh eordm proirhsgvm, ponrhdos cokshiugr quh ha maudko mprhknm ngstgkiugr hktrh ams hshkcgmahs y ams gdportmkths. 3. Dhkos hs dís dís.. Hk eukcgók nh am hnmn nh kuhstros maudkos, ha ködhro nh kordms nhjhräm shr ngstgkto. Ams kordms nh camsh ko nhjhrämk shr dís nh =. Nh am thoräm m am príctgcm príctgcm.. Smjhdos quh ma chrhjro nh kuhstros maudkos, pmrm rhthkhr ukm gkeordmcgók, ah iustm cokthxtumagzmram. \hksmdos duc`ms vhchs quh cok hkukcgmr ukm kordm hk am camsh ym quhnm egfmnm hk kuhstros maudkos. Ams kordms nh camsh ko sh hkukcgmk, sh pokhk hk príctgcm. Nhjhdos gkvoaucrmr m kuhstros maudkos pmrm quh sh puhnmk shktgr gnhktgegcmnos, por hfhdpao `mcghkno quh haaos dgsdos ams hxpagquhk cok cmsos príctgcos quh cokozcmk. 8. Gkthrgorgzmrams Gkthrgorgzmrams.. Nhjhdos aoirmr quh ha maudko gkthrgorgch hsm kordm. Ha maudko `mrí suym 0>

Dmrgo Sc`gmvhaag 

 

ukm kordm sg hs cokscghkth nh quh hsm kordm nh camsh ao puhnh mehctmr ngrhctmdhkth m ça hk maiök dodhkto nha curso hscoamr.

5. Nh am pmamjrm ma thxto thxto.. \mrm egfmr ukm kordm nh camsh ko hs suegcghkth cok hkukcgmram hk voz matm, `my quh hscrgjgram. Xkm mctgvgnmn ponräm shr hk irupos y quh cmnm irupo, sojrh aídgkms nh pmpha, trmjmfh cok ukm kordm nhthrdgkmnm. Ma egkmagzmr egkmagzmr,, cmnm irupo am hxpagcmräm hxpagcmräm ma rhsto nh sus codpmýhros. Egkmadhkth, ams aídgkms sh ponrämk coaimr hk ams pmrhnhs nha muam. 9.  Mccgók y rhmccgók rhmccgók. Otro msphcto gdportmkth rhmccgók. pmrm am ams rheahxgók nh kuhstro hs mkmagzmr cokshcuhkcgms nh komaudkmno cudpagr cok ngc`ms kordms. Nhjhdos trmksdgtgr quh cmnm nhrhc`o gdpagcm uk nhjhr. 0. Ams kordms y sus cgrcukstmkcgms cgrcukstmkcgms.. ^onm ^onm kordm coktghkh dmtgchs. Hs gdportmkth `mchr vhr m aos maudkos quh ha cudpagdghkto nh ukm kordm vm hk coksokmkcgm cok ams cgrcukstmkcgms quh puhnhk ronhmr ngc`m kordm, cgrcukstmkcgms quh tghkhk quh vhr cok am hnmn, ha irupo, am dmthrgm, ha hktorko hscoamr, htc. 7. Ams kordms tmdjgçk sh puhnhk dongegcmr dongegcmr.. Ams kordms ko sok hstítgcms. Haams hstík su fhtms m aos cmdjgos quh sh pronuc pronuchk hk por nhthrHkshýmr sgk Hkshýmr. Dmkuma pmrm ha Kuhvo Hnucmnor 

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dgkmnms cgrcukstmkcgms, pungçknosh hagdgkmr, gkcorpormr, dmtgzmr o cmdjgmr. =. Orimkgchdos pmshos. Shýmahdos ams cosms quh vhdos m ao amrio nha cmdgko y aos sokgnos quh hscuc`mdos. Ko `mjahdos nurmkth am cmdgkmtm pmrm quh haaos sh cokchktrhk hk ha mdjghkth marhnhnor cok tonos aos shktgnos (vgstm, (vg stm, oäno, tmcto, oaemto). 8. Hkshýçdosahs m hscuc`mr. Xtgagchdos uk sokgno, codo ukm cmdpmkm, iotms nh aauvgm cmyhkno cmyhkno u oams sumvhdhkth coktrm ukm orgaam y quh sh cokchktrhk hk ça. 5. Eodhkthdos ams mrths y ams mrthsmkäms. Agjros pmrm coaorhmr, crhmr cosms cok pmagaaos, tham, pmpha u otro dmthrgma. ]uh sh cokchktrhk hk aos dmthrgmahs, ams thxturms, aos oaorhs, aos coaorhs. Hkshýmr sgk Hkshýmr. Dmkuma pmrm ha Kuhvo Hnucmnor 

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9. Coksoagnhdos am mprhcgmcgók. @mimdos quh mprhknmk m mprhcgmr cmnm näm ams cosms agknms quh kos ronhmk6 uk juhk codpmýhro nh camsh, ukm dmscotm, ukm agknm muam, uk agkno írjoa hk ha pmtgo, uk hnucmnor cmrgýoso, htc. Xk cormzók mirmnhcgno ihkhrm phksmdghk-

tos posgtgvos, nhsmrroaam optgdgsdo y nhsho nh myunmr m otros. ^mdjgçk ^mdjgçk myunm m quh aos kgýos shmk dís codpmsgvos cok aos nhdís. 0. Hkshýçdosahs m cokochr sus shktgdghktos. Cumkno kuhstros maudkos sghktmk rmjgm o dghno, `mjahdos cok haaos sojrh hso pmrm quh shsh pmk quh hsos sok shktgdghktos kordmahs y quh ponhdos coktroamraos. coktroamraos. \mrm \mrm quh mprhknmk m rhcokochr por quç hstík hkofmnos y ponhr vhr am sgtumcgók nhsnh otro pukto nh vgstm.

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Dmrgo Sc`gmvhaag 

 

CM\Ä^XAO PPGU Ams Cumtro @mjgagnmnhs Agkiñästgcms

H

nucmr y mprhknhr sh jmsmk hk am Codukgcmcgók. \mrm haao, kuhstro Chrhjro utgagzm cumtro `mjgagnmnhs quh mukquh hstçk gkthrcokhctmnms, sok gknhphknghkths. Xk maudko puhnh prhshktmr irmknhs ngehrhkcgms hktrh hstms cumtro `mjgagnmnhs. Kosotros codo Hnucmnorhs, nhjhdos myunmr ma maudko m nhsmrroaamr hsms `mjgagnmnhs nh dmkhrm giumagtmrgm y pmrmaham, pmrm quh aoirh uk mprhkngzmfh duatgngdhksgokma m trmvçs nh uk chrhjro quh ihkhrm dís y dís rípgnms cokhxgokhs. Haams sok6 =. Am \ronuccgók Orma. Orma.   Sh rheghrh m kuhstrm cmpmcgnmn nh `mjamr. :. Am \ronuccgók Hscrgtm Hscrgtm.. Sh rheghrh m kuhstrm cmpmcgnmn nh hscrgjgr. 3. Am Codprhksgók Orma Orma.. Sh rheghrh m kuhstrm cmpmcgnmn nh codprhknhr ao quh hscuc`mdos. >. Am Codprhksgók Hscrgtm Hscrgtm.. Sh rheghrh m kuhstrm cmpmcgnmn nh codprhknhr ao quh ahhdos. Hkshýmr sgk Hkshýmr. Dmkuma pmrm ha Kuhvo Hnucmnor 

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Am \ronuccgók Orma Orma.. Kuhstrm cmpmcgnmn cmpmcgnmn nh `mjamr `mjamr.. • Hxpokh Hxpokhrr nh dmk dmkhrm hrm cam camrm rm y hk ornh ornhkk aóigc aóigco-  o-  crokoaóigco `hc`os rhmahs o gdmigkmrgos, ojshr-  vmcgokhs y mcokthcgdghktos, gkeordmcgokhs, cok-  chptos, opgkgokhs, gkeordmcgokhs, cokocgdghktos  sgikgegcmtgvos.

• • • • • • •

Soagcgt Soag cgtmr mr myu myunm nm o gk gkeo eord rdmc mcgó gók. k. Kmrr Km rrmr mr ukm ukm hxphrg hxphrghk hkcgm cgm phr phrso sokm kma.a. Nhscr Nh scrgjg gjgrr ojfh ojfhto toss y ehk ehkód ódhk hkos os.. \mrm \m rmer erms mshmr hmr y sgk sgkth thtgz tgzmr mr.. Xtgagagz Xt gzmr mr hfh hfhdp dpao aos. s. Crhmrs Crh mrshh sus pro propgo pgoss crgthr crgthrgos gos y puk puktos tos nh vgstm vgstm.. Eord Eo rdua uamr mr pr prhi hiuk uktm tms. s.

• Smjhr Smjhr cok cokvhrs vhrsmr, mr, nhjm nhjmtgr tgr,, ngsc ngscutg utgr. r. • Cod Codpah pahtmr tmr uk mriu mriudhk dhkto to ngc` ngc`oo por por uk cod codpm-  pm-  ýhro o Hnucmnor. • Hkr Hkrgqu gquhch hchrr su vocmj vocmjuam uamrgrgoo y smjhr smjhr cuíkn cuíknoo utgagzmrao. utgagzmrao. Am \ronuccgók Hscrgtm Hscrgtm.. Kuhstrm cmpmcgnmn nh hscrgjgr. • Kmrrmr Kmrrmr por por hscrg hscrgto to `hc`o `hc`oss rhmahs rhmahs o gdmi gdmigkm gkmrgo rgos  s  nh dmkhrm codprhksgjah y cok uk ornhk crokoaó-  igco eukcgokma. • \amkgegc \amkgegcmr mr ukm ukm prhshkt prhshktmcg mcgók ók hscrg hscrgtm tm sgrvgh sgrvghkno kno hk  hk  ukm shrgh nh gkeordmcgokhs. 7>

Dmrgo Sc`gmvhaag 

 

Nhscrgjgr jgr cmrm cmrmcth cthräst rästgcms gcms y nhtmaah nhtmaahss nh phrso phrsokms kms,, • Nhscrg mkgdmahs o cosms. • Orn Ornhkm hkmrr ukm ukm shrgh shrgh nh gkeo gkeordm rdmcgo cgokhs khs cok jmsh  hk su crgthrgo. • Mri Mriudh udhktm ktmrr por hscr hscrgto gto jmsí jmsíkno knosh sh hk hfhdp hfhdpaos aos,, pruhjms, nmtos, rmzokmdghktos. • Nmr gks gkstru truccgo ccgokhs khs por hscr hscrgto gto nh nh dmkhrm dmkhrm camr camrmm y 

hehctgvm. • Sgk Sgkthtg thtgzmr zmr,, pmsmr pmsmr nh nh uk mriu mriudhk dhkto to m otr otro, o, nh nh uk  thxto m otro2 rhsudgr. • Nhs Nhsmrr mrroaa oaamr mr am cmp cmpmcgn mcgnmn mn nh mut mutoco ocorrh rrhccg ccgók ók hk  ortoirmeäm, sgktmxgs, co`hrhkcgm. Am Codprhksgók Orma. Orma.   Kuhstrm cmpmcgnmn nh codprhknhr ao quh hscuc`mdos. • Cmptmr Cmptmr y cod codprh prhknh knhrr ha sgikg sgikgegc egcmno mno iaoj iaojma ma nh ukm  ukm  kmrrmcgók, ukm gkngcmcgók, ukm nhscrgpcgók, ukm  hxposgcgók. • Zhc Zhcoko okochr chr ams ams gkeor gkeordmc dmcgok gokhs hs y egkma egkmagnm gnmnhs nhs nh nh uk  dhksmfh orma. • Ham Hamjor jormr mr msocg msocgmcg mcgokh okhss y khxos khxos jmsmn jmsmnos os hk gke gkeor-  or-  dmcgokhs rhcgjgnms. • Cokhctm Cok hctmrr gkeor gkeordmc dmcgok gokhs hs rhcgjg rhcgjgnms nms cok cok su su propgm  propgm  hxphrghkcgm. • Eo Eord rduam uamrr prhvgs prhvgsgo gokh khss h `gpót `gpóthsg hsgs. s. • Sha Shahccg hccgokm okmrr y camsge camsgegcmr gcmr gkeo gkeordm rdmcgo cgokhs khs rhcgj rhcgjgnms  gnms  cok jmsh hk crgthrgos propgos. Hkshýmr sgk Hkshýmr. Dmkuma pmrm ha Kuhvo Hnucmnor 

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Gkthirmr mr gkeor gkeordmc dmcgok gokhs hs provhk provhkghkt ghkths hs nh euhkth euhkths  s  • Gkthir ngvhrsms. • Zhc Zhcoko okochr chr am hstru hstructur cturmm nh jms jmshh nh uk thxt thxto. o. • Ngstgki Ngstgkiugr ugr hk uk uk dhksm dhksmfh fh ams ams ngstgk ngstgktms tms emch emchtms  tms  (sujfhtgvms, ojfhtgvms, ihkhrmahs, pmrtgcuamrhs), • Mpr Mprhkn hknhr hr m hscuc` hscuc`mr mr mctgvm mctgvmdhk dhkth, th, sgk sgk gkthrr gkthrrudp udpgr. gr. • Zhc Zhcoko okochr chr aos msph msphcto ctoss nh am Codu Codukgcm kgcmcgó cgókk Ko 

Uhrjma. Am Codprhksgók Hscrgtm Hscrgtm.. Kuhstrm cmpmcgnmn nh codprhknhr ao quh ahhdos. • Hk uk uk thxto thxto kmrr kmrrmtgv mtgvo, o, rhcok rhcokochr ochr phrs phrsokm okmfhs, fhs, md-  jghktmcgók, ams rhamcgokhs hktrh aos hvhktos, ha  mriudhkto. • Hk uk uk thxto thxto nhsc nhscrgpt rgptgvo gvo,, rhcok rhcokoch ochrr ha pukt puktoo nh  vgstm (sujfhtgvo - ojfhtgvo). • Hk uk thxt thxtoo hxpos hxposgtgv gtgvo, o, rhco rhcokoc kochr hr ha mri mriudh udhkto  kto  prgkcgpma, aos crgthrgos nh gkeordmcgók, ams co-  khxgokhs sgktíctgcms y thxtumahs. • Hk uk uk thxto thxto mriud mriudhktm hktmtgvo tgvo,, rhcok rhcokoch ochrr am thsgs thsgs,, aos mriudhktos nh soporth, am hvhktuma mktäthsgs. • Zhcoko Zhcokochr chr y smjhr smjhr utg utgagzm agzmrr am puktu puktumcg mcgók, ók, aos aos pm-  pm-  ríirmeos, aos cokthxtos, ams dhtíeorms, ams mkm-  aoiäms.

75

Dmrgo Sc`gmvhaag 

 

CM\Ä^XAO PPU Gkchktgvmr am Ahcturm ‑Ha Cauj nh Ahctorhs—  ‑Mprhknhr m ahhr hs ao dís gdportmkth  quh dh `m pmsmno hk am vgnm—.

D  MZGO  U   U  MZIMS  A   A AOSM AOSM

Nh ams cumtro `mjgagnmnhs agkiñästgcms, hk dg opg-

kgók, am ahcturm rhvgsth ukm gdportmkcgm euknmdhktma hk ha nhsmrroaao nha chrhjro nh uk kgýo. @my ukm hstrhc`m rhamcgók hktrh ahcturm, mthkcgók y ngstrmccgók. Ha eaufo smkiuäkho nha chrhjro mudhktm kotmjahdhkth cumkno ahhdos. Ahhr codportm am coorngkmcgók y am utgagzmcgók nh eukcgokhs coikgtgvms döatgpahs, rmzók por am cuma hs duy gkngcmno tmdjgçk pmrm kgýos cok nçegcgt nh mthkcgók o `gphrmctgvgnmn. Sgk hdjmrio, cmnm vhz quh hvocmdos am ahcturm, sh ihkhrmk hk ha muam tono tgpo nh ihdgnos nh nhshsphrmcgók quh nhduhstrmk ha irmk nhsgkthrçs quh `my y códo am dgsdm hs phrcgjgnm por ha maudkmno otrm nh ams tmktms tmrhms thngosms, hk ukm camsh thngosm, cok uk proehsor thngoso, hk ukm hscuham thngosm... t hngosm... Crhmr caujhs nh ahctorhs hk camsh ponräm shr ukm soaucgók. Hkshýmr sgk Hkshýmr. Dmkuma pmrm ha Kuhvo Hnucmnor 

79

 

∖   Aos

hstungmkths, hk irupos nh 3 ó >, hagihk quç agjro ahhr hktrh ams opcgokhs quh mshiurhk aos hstíknmrhs nha proirmdm nh hstungo.  ∖  \hrdgtgr m aos hstungmkths quh hagfmk hagfmk nh ukm vmrgh-

nmn nh opcgokhs nh tmrhm eodhktm am copmrtgcgpmcgók y ha crhcgdghkto mcmnçdgco. Ma Chrhjro ah iustm am shksmcgók nh shktgrsh nuhýo nuhýo nh su rhcorrgno nh mprhkngzmfh, mudhktmkno su gkthrçs, su mthkcgók y myunmkno m nhsmrroaamr su crhmtgvgnmn.

∖   Ha

Hnucmnor,, jmsmno hk ha agjro hahigno Hnucmnor ha higno (por aos maudkos), orimkgzm ukm agstm nh opcgokhs y ams prhshktm m aos irupos.  M. Nhscrgpcgók nha agjro6 agjro6 \hngr  \hngr m aos hstungmkths quh gnhktgegquhk y nhscrgjmk hahdhktos gdportmkths nha agjro. J. \hregahs nh phrsokmfhs6 phrsokmfhs6 \hngr  \hngr m aos hstungmkths quh nhscrgjmk aos phregahs nh aos phrsokmfhs dís sgikgegcmtgvos (ngjufos - hsquhdms - cmrthahs). mutor6 \hngr  \hngr m aos hstungmkths C. Hktrhvgstm ma mutor6 quh ahmk sojrh ha mutor nha agjro pmrm auhio hehctumr ukm hktrhvgstm (roah-pamy  (roah-pamy ) cok aos hstungmkths fuimkno m aos hktrhvgstmnorhs y otro ma mutor. N. ^oko / hstmno nh íkgdo6 íkgdo6 \hngr  \hngr m aos hstungmkths quh gnhktgegquhk ha toko o ha hstmno nh 70

Dmrgo Sc`gmvhaag 

 

íkgdo hk ngehrhkths pmsmfhs nha thxto y quh auhio ahmk cgtms nh ukm dmkhrm quh hvoquhk hsh hstmno nh íkgdo. H. ^hdm6 ^hdm6 \hngr  \hngr m aos hstungmkths quh gnhktgegquhk uk dhksmfh gdportmkth quh ha mutor hstí trmtmkno nh codukgcmr (ngjufo - cmrtha). E. Agjro - \haäcuam6 \haäcuam6 Sg  Sg `my ukm mnmptmcgók cgkhdmtoiríegcm nha agjro, phngr m aos hstungmkths quh vhmk cagps hk Wou^ujh pmrm auhio codhktmraos hk camsh.

I. Nhsmrroaao nh trmdm6 trmdm6 \hngr  \hngr m aos hstungmkths coktmr cok sus propgms pmamjrms am trmdm prgkcgpma. Zhmagnmn6 \hngr  \hngr m aos hstungmkths quh @. Agjro - Zhmagnmn6 rhamcgokhk uk thdm nha agjro cok maiök hvhkto nh am vgnm rhma. G.  Ugnho6  Ugnho6 Egadmr  Egadmr m aos hstungmkths `mjamkno nha agjro. F. C`mt6 C`mt6 Orimkgzmr  Orimkgzmr y hstgduamr ukm c`mram sojrh su agjro.

77

Hkshýmr sgk Hkshýmr. Dmkuma pmrm ha Kuhvo Hnucmnor 

 

CM\Ä^XAO PPUG Gkchktgvmr am hscrgturm ‑Ha Cauj nh Hscrgtorhs— 

‑Am hscrgturm hs am pgkturm nh am voz—. U OA^MGZH  OA^MGZH 

Ha uso hxcausgvo nha thcamno nh am codputmnorm,

ko phrdgth nhsmrroaamr nhsmrroaamr am crhmtgvgnmn crhmtgvgnmn codo nhjhräm shr. shr. Hscrgjgr m dmko hs am dhfor opcgók pmrm haao. Am thckoaoiäm nh `oy puhnh shr shr,, y hk hehcto ao hs,

kuhstrm magmnm gkcokngcgokma, phro codo tono (y tonos), khchsgtm aädgths. \or uk amno kos sgdpagegcm kuhstrm cotgngmkhgnmn, phro por otro kos cmtmpuatm hk uk dukno erhkçtgco hk noknh am vhaocgnmn hs ha emctor prhnodgkmkth. Am rheahxgók, ha phksmdghkto hahvmno, am crhmtgvgnmn, khchsgtmk rgtdos dís ahktos ah ktos pmrm su nhsmrroaao. uk Chrhjro kgýo hscrgjh dmko, sh ams dgsdmsCumkno írhms nha quhmcumkno ahh.mctgvmk Ha Chrhjro hs hstgduamno por am mccgók nh hahigr y hscrgjgr pmamjrms y coaocmramss hk cokthxto. Nh hsm dmkhrm ha kgýo, dhform coaocmram sus cmpmcgnmnhs nh ahcturm, dhdorgzmcgók y crhmtgvgnmn. =