Enseñanzas para Toda La Vida 4, Jill Masters

 

Mdsm÷gdzgs pgrg tj`g cg va`g 0  

Iacc Kgstmrs

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Ëd`aem  Adtrj`ueeaõd  Msqumkg `m cg jhrg  @meakjsáptakg smram. ‐   ‐  @ms`m  @ms`m cg `avasaõd `mc rmadj bgstg mc Mxacaj  @ ajs  ]dg smram gemreg `m cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs 751.   Cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs9 Cg Ugdtg Hahcag  751. 706. 706.   Cg Vgcghrg qum gyu`g  707.  707.  Cg Vgcghrg pgrg kë  708.  708.   Cg 705.  Cg Vgcghrg Vgcghrg qum qum g`vamrtm `mnamd`m   705. 700. 700.   Cg Vgcghrg gutmdtanaeg`g  70=. 70=.   Cg Vgcghrg qum `g prjkmsgs   70>.  70>.  Cg Vgcghrg pgrg cjs pmeg`jrms  70?.  Cg Vgcghrg sm vumcvm g mdejdtrgr   70?.  702. 702.   Cg Vgcghrg hgij gtgqum  701.  701.  Cg Vgcghrg eukpca`g (Xmpgsj)  @meakjetgvg smram. ‐   ‐  Mc  Mc Mvgdomcaj `m Kgtmj (Umoud`g Vgrtm)  Cg va`g, cg kumrtm y cg rmsurrmeeaõd `mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj  7=6.  Mc Ugcvg`jr9 ejdnmsg`j  7=6.  7=7. 7=7.   Mc Ugcvg`jr9 ejdnarkg`j  7=8.  Mc Ugcvg`jr9 rmeaha`j  7=8.  7=5.  7=5.  Mc Ugcvg`jr9 bg `m rmormsgr   7=0. 7=0.   Mc Ugcvg`jr9 rmebgzg`j  7==.  Mc Ugcvg`jr9 grrmstg`j y ejd`mdg`j  7==.  7=>. 7=>.   Mc Ugcvg`jr9 smdtmdeag`j  7=?.   Mc Ugcvg`jr9 erueanaeg`j  7=?. 7=2.  Mc Ugcvg`jr9 rmsueatg`j  7=2.  7=1. 7=1.   Mc Ugcvg`jr9 ms vmr`g`mrgkmdtm mc Baij `m @ajs (Xmpgsj)   ‐  Mstu`ajs  Mstu`ajs `m pmrsjdgims9  @meakjdjvmdg smram. ‐  @gdamc y Dmbmkëgs  7>6.   Cmgctg`  7>6. 7>7. 7>7.   Jrouccj  7>8.  @msprmeaj bgeag @ajs  7>8.  7>5.  7>5.  ºNa`mca`g`, j emcjs rmdejrjsjs:  7>0. 7>0.   Vrmjeupgeaõd `msadtmrmsg`g  7>=. 7>=.   @measaõd y vgcjr   7>>.   Hjd`g`  7>>. 7>?.  Adejdstgdeag  7>?.  7>2. 7>2.   Xmpgsj  ^aoásakg smram. ‐   ‐  Áxj`j  Áxj`j 86  8

 

Cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs  7>1. 7>1.   ]dg adtrj`ueeaõd g cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs  7?6.   Dj tmd`rçs `ajsms gimdjs `mcgd `mcgdtm tm `m kë< Dj tm bgrçs akgomd  7?6. 7?7.  Dj tjkgrçs mc djkhrm `m Imb 7?7.  Imbjvç, jvç, tu @ajs, md vgdj  7?8.  Geuár`gtm `mc `ëg `m rmpjsj pgrg sgdtanaegrcj  7?8.  7?5.  7?5.  Bjdrg g tu pg`rm y g tu kg`rm  7?0. 7?0.   Dj kgtgrçs  7?=.  Dj ejkmtmrçs g`uctmraj  7?=.  7?>.  7?>.  Dj burtgrçs  7??.  Dj bghcgrçs ngcsj tmstakj 7??.  tmstakjdaj daj  7?2. 7?2.   Dj ej`aeagrçs  7?1. 7?1.   Xmpgsj  ^aomsakjprakmrg smram. ‐   ‐  Xjkgdjs  Xjkgdjs y jtrgs Mpëstjcgs  Eõkj djs prmpgrg @ajs pgrg mc Eamcj  726. 726.   Mc prjpõsatj `m @ajs g pmsgr `m udg orgd Egë`g   727.  Ccgkg`js   727.  728. 728.   Iustanaeg`js  725.  G`jptg`js (y sgdtanaeg`js)  725.  720.   Ocjranaeg`js  720.

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Adtrj`ueeaõd  Mstm ms mc eugrtj tjkj `m gpudtms `m ud prjorgkg `m mstu`ajs `m eugtrj g÷js. Cjs `mtgccms `m mstm prjorgkg sm mdeumdtrgd md cgs 78.  Bgy tgkhaád cçkadgs cçkadgs (md –cakpaj‛ pgrg bgemr  pçoadgs 1 ― 78. njtjejpags) qum gejkpg÷gd g cgs cmeeajdms `m mstm tjkj y qum cjs gcukdjs pum`md ccmvgr g egsg. Cjs gpudtms `m mstgs cmeeajdms tamdmd prjpõsatj mvgdomcëstaej, utacazgd pjreajdms smcmeeajdg`gs `m cg ud Hahcag ejd udg gpcaegeaõd ecgrgkmdtm mvgdomcëstaeg. mvgdomcëstaeg. Eg`g udg `m cgs cmeeajdms adtmdtg qum cjs da÷js sm mdnrmdtmd g cg ejkprmdsaõd rmgc `m cgs vmr`g`ms y `m cjs rgzjdgkamdtjs qum, ejd cg gyu`g `mc Mspëratu Ugdtj, pum`md ccmvgrcms g cg ejdvmrsaõd. G`mkçs `m mstj, tamdmd mc prjpõsatj `m jnrmemr ud humd ejdjeakamdtj omdmrgc `m tj`gs cgs Mseraturgs. Mc prjorgkg `m mstu`ajs adtmdtg trgtgr cjs gejdtmeakamdtjs  hëhcaejs njrkg jr`mdg`g, jr`mdg`g, `aodg `aodgpradeapgckmdtm `m cg Vgcghrg `m `erjdjcõoaeg, m @ajs. Um trgtg trgtg mc Gdtaouj md Pmstgkmdtj `m kgdmrg pgrg qum cg pgutg `m ejd`uetg `m @ajs ejd mc bjkhrm gdtms `m Erastj smg ejdjea`g y gprmeag`g. Md mstm prjorgkg, cgs cmeeajdms `mc Gdtaouj Pmstgkmdtj mstçd adtmregcg`gs ejd cjs Mvgdomcajs y mc cahrj `m Bmebjs. Pgdtj cjs gcukdjs ejkj cjs kgmstrjs prmnamrmd mc kátj`j `m smouar udg pgutg bastõraeg hçsaeg g gqumccjs qum sgctgd `m udg  pgrtm `m cg Hahcag g jtrg ejd tgdtg nrmeumdeag qum sm pamr`m tj`g  pmrspmetavg. Cjs pg`rms (tgdtj sa sjd ermymdtms ejkj sa dj) gprmeagrçd qum sus baijs rmeahgd udg m`uegeaõd hëhcaeg. Cg mxpmramdeag `mkumstrg qum cjs kgmstrjs sjd cgs pmrsjdgs kçs g`meug`gs pgrg g`gptgr cgs cmeeajdms g eg`g ecgsm md pgrtaeucgr. Mstjs gpudtms ejdtamdmd, pums, kgtmragc qum sm pum`m g`gptgr g cgs dmemsa`g`ms `m tj`js cjs orupjs `m m`g`, `ms`m cjs pradeapagdtms (m`g` prmmsejcgr) g cjs g`jcmsemdtms. Um ngeacatg udg vgram`g` `m suomrmdeags `m gpcaegeaõd y `m `armetraems, ejd jhimtj `m qum cjs kgmstrjs pum`gd utacazgrcgs pgrg cjs nadms pgrtaeucgrms kçs gprjpag`js pgrg su orupj `m m`g`. Cgs ecgsms ejd gcukdjs kçs kgyjrms utacazgd g kmdu`j mc pcgd ejkpcmtj `m cg cmeeaõd, kamdtrgs qum cgs ecgsms ejd gcukdjs kçs iõvmdms smcmeeajdgd kmdjs pudtjs. 0

 

@urgdtm cjs kuebjs g÷js md qum sm bg utacazg`j mstm prjorgkg, dadoùd kgmstrj sm bg qumig`j dudeg `m qum mstm rmprmsmdtgrg ud  prjhcmkg. Mstm sastmkg `m cmeeajdms mstç ejdemha`j pgrg qum mdegim md mc eursj cmetavj `m cg mseumcg `jkadaegc. Cg kgyjrëg `m cgs mseumcgs `jkadaegcms, ejkj cjs emdtrjs msejcgrms, `ava`md `ava`m d su prjorgkg gdugc md trms trakmstrms. Egsa tj`js cjs adtmrrukpmd md Dgva`g`, g÷j dumvj, Umkgdg Ugdtg,mcaomd vgegeajdms y jegsajdms Cjs kgmstrjs djrkgckmdtm y prmpgrgd sus prjpajsmspmeagcms. tmkgs md mstjs `jkadojs, y sm supjdm, pums, qum sm prmeasgrçd udgs eugrmdtg y smas cmeeajdms ejkj kçxakj pjr g÷j. Cgs cmeeajdms sm gorupgd md smrams, y eg`g mseumcg `jkadaegc pum`m utacazgrcgs md mc jr`md qum kmijr ejdvmdog g su eursj gdugc. Uad mkhgroj, cgs smrams `mc Gdtaouj Pmstgkmdtj `mhmrëgd kgdtmdmrsm md jr`md erjdjcõoaej, kamdtrgs qum cgs smrams `mc Dumvj Pmstgkmdtj pum`md giustgrsm gc eursj smoùd ejdvmdog. Md mstjs cahrjs, djs prjpjdmkjs jnrmemr g dumstrjs baijs ud rmtj  hëhcaej gkpcaj gkpcaj y vgrag`j eugd`j mstjs mstjs adaeagd su egkadj mmdd cg va`g. va`g.  Dumstrj prjpõsatj y dumstrg jrgeaõd ms qum mstj cjs ccmvm gc Ugcvg`jr g udg m`g` tmkprgdg, pmrj, sa dj ms gsë, pcgdtgrç md sus kmdtms y sus ejrgzjdms ud ejdjeakamdtj `mc Um÷jr qum su Mspëratu pj`rç utacazgr md g÷js pjstmrajrms pgrg gouaijdmgr sus ejdeamdeags y ccmvgrcms g  husegr gc Ugcvg`jr. Ugcvg`jr. Cg prjkmsg `mcud Um÷jr qum su Vgcghrg Vgcg dj vjcvmrç (en.  ==977) ms Asgëgs ==977) orgd`mgcaeamdtm pgrghrgejdtadugr ejdg Ác mc vgeëg pgeamdtm trghgij `agraj. Md mstjs `ëgs `m arrmcaoajsa`g` y `m gpgtëg mdtrm cg  pjhcgeaõd g`uctg, ms mxtrmkg`gkmdtm mxtrmkg`gkmdtm ejdkjvm`jr ejdkjvm`jr vmr g ud orgd dùkmrj `m da÷js rmuda`js y ejkprjhgr qum mc Um÷jr saoum  pmrnmeeajdgd`j  pmrnmeeajdg d`j su gcghgdzg `m cg hjeg `m cjs da÷js (en.  Kgtmj 8797>). 8797> ). –Arç gd`gd`j y ccjrgd`j mc qum ccmvg cg prmeajsg smkaccg< kçs vjcvmrç g vmdar ejd rmojeaij, trgymd`j sus ogvaccgs‛ (Ugckj ( Ugckj 78>9>). 78>9>).

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Msqumkg `m cg jhrg  MDUM×GDYGU VGXG PJ@G CG ^A@G, CAHXJU 7 ― 0  Mdsm÷gdzgs pgrg tj`g cg va`g 0 ms mc eugrtj tjkj `m udg smram `m eugtrj cahrjs `mstadg`js g euhrar ud prjorgkg `m mstu`ajs `m eugtrj g÷js `m cg mseumcg `jkadaegc. Pj`js cjs cahrjs saoumd mc kaskj njrkgtj, qum ejdsastm md cmeeajdms qum bgd `mkjstrg`j tmdmr áxatj

md mseumcgs `jkadaegcms g cjsMccgroj `m cjs g÷js y qumudj gbjrg sa`jcgsrmvasg`gs pjr cg gutjrg. ejdtmda`j `m eg`g `m bgd cjs vjcùkmdmss ms mc saouamdtm9 vjcùkmdm

Mdsm÷gdzgs pgrg tj`g cg va`g 7 (cmeeajdms 7 ― 0>) 0>)  Cjs kacgorjs qum `mkumstrgd mc pj`mr `m Imsùs   (Mvgdomcaj smoùd Kgrejs. ‐   ‐  Vrakmrg  Vrakmrg pgrtm)  pgrtm)  Mc pj`mr sgcvg`jr `mc Um÷jr vastj md su pj`mr sjhrm cg Dgturgcmzg, cg kumrtm, mc @aghcj, cg dmemsa`g` y cg mdnmrkm`g` bukgdg (eadej cmeeajdms)

Md mc pradeapaj (Oádmsas. ‐   ‐  Vrakmrg  Vrakmrg pgrtm)  pgrtm)  Cg vmr`g` gemreg `m @ajs, cg Ermgeaõd y cg Egë`g, ejd cjs prakmrjs tmstakjdajs `m sgcvgeaõd (smas cmeeajdms)  ‐  Umoud`g  Umoud`g pgrtm)  pgrtm)  Cg jpjsaeaõd g Imsùs (Mvgdomcaj smoùd Kgrejs. ‐  Mimkpcjs `m pmeg`js ecgvm ‐  ecgvm ‐ mc mc prmiuaeaj, mc jrouccj, cg erumc`g`, mc j`aj, mte. ‐   ‐  vastjs   vastjs md cgs pmrsjdgs gdtgojdastgs gc Um÷jr y `m cjs qum tj`js bmkjs `m grrmpmdtard grrmpmdtardjs js (smas cmeeajdms)

Cj kçs `mstgeghcm `m cg ejdvmrsaõd y `m cjs vagims `m prm`aegeaõd `m Vghcj (Bmebjs. ‐   ‐  Vrakmrg  Vrakmrg pgrtm)  pgrtm)  Cmeeajdms mvgdomcëstaegs mvgdomcëstaegs `m cg va`g (y `m cjs ejdvmrsjs) `mc Gpõstjc (jebj cmeeajdms)

Cjs orgd`ms pcgdms `m @ajs (Oádmsas. ‐   ‐  Umoud`g  Umoud`g pgrtm)  pgrtm)  Mstu`ajs `m cjs pmrsjdgims `ms`m Ghrgbgk bgstg Ijsá qum `mkumstrgd mc pj`mr y cg hjd`g` `m @ajs bgeag su pumhcj (`jem cmeeajdms) >

 

Cjs –Qj sjy‛ `mc Um÷jr Imsùs  (Mvgdomcaj smoùd Iugd)  Iugd) 

Mxgctgd gc Ugcvg`jr g trgvás `m sus akpjrtgdtms kmtçnjrgs9 mc goug vavg, mc pgd `m va`g, mte. (dumvm cmeeajdms)

Mdsm÷gdzgs pgrg tj`g cg va`g 8 (cmeeajdms 0? ― 18) 18)   ‐   Cg sgcvgeaõd `m cg msecgvatu` `mc Mc pmrmoradgim erastagdj. ‐  pmeg`j (Áxj`j  (Áxj`j ‐   ‐  Ijsuá.  Ijsuá. ‐   ‐  Vrakmrg  Vrakmrg pgrtm)  pgrtm) 

Mc vagim `ms`m Moaptj g Uadgë (jebj cmeeajdms) Cgs pmrsjdgs qum saouamrjd g Imsùs  (Mvgdomcaj smoùd Cuegs. ‐   ‐   Vrakmrg pgrtm)  pgrtm)  Cg ejdvmrsaõd erastagdg y sus pradeapgcms egrgetmrëstaegs (jdem cmeeajdms)  ‐   Acustrgeajdms `m cg sgcvgeaõd y `mc Mc pmrmoradgim erastagdj. ‐  Eamcj (Áxj`j  (Áxj`j ‐   ‐  Ijsuá.  Ijsuá. ‐   ‐  Umoud`g  Umoud`g pgrtm)  pgrtm) 

Mc vagim ejdtadùg `ms`m Uadgë bgstg mc Ijr`çd (smas cmeeajdms) Cg ccgkg`g `mc Mvgdomcaj md cgs pgrçhjcgs `mc Ugcvg`jr  (Mvgdomcaj smoùd Cuegs. ‐   ‐  Umoud`g  Umoud`g pgrtm)  pgrtm)  Mdsm÷g cgs ejdsmeumdeags `mc pmeg`j y cg ùdaeg njrkg `m msegpgr (jdem cmeeajdms)

Iuaeaj y sgcvgeaõd (Ijsuá  (Ijsuá ‐   ‐  Ugkumc)   Ugkumc)  Mimkpcjs y g`vmrtmdeags pgrg tj`js, `ms`m Xgbgh g Ugùc (`amz cmeeajdms) Mdsm÷gdzgs pgrg tj`g cg va`g 5 (cmeeajdms 15 ― 752) 752)  Ogdgdeags y pár`a`gs pjr smouar g Imsùs  (Mvgdomcaj smoùd U. Kgrejs ‐  Pmremrg  Pmremrg pgrtm)  pgrtm)  Grrmpmdtakamdtj, nm y ejdvmrsaõd, y sus gctmrdgtavgs (jebj cmeeajdms) Ugkumc ‐  8  8 Erõdaegs)  Erõdaegs)  Orgd`ms `anmrmdeags (7 Ugkumc ‐ 

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Ejdtrgstms mxtrgë`js `m cgs va`gs `m @gva` y `m Ugcjkõd, qum mimkpcanaegd cg ejdvmrsaõd y cjs pravacmoajs `mc ermymdtm (`jem cmeeajdms)

Vrakmrgs rmgeeajdms gc kmdsgim `m cjs Gpõstjcms   (Bmebjs. ‐   ‐   Umoud`g pgrtm)  pgrtm)  @avmrsgs egtmojrëgs `m jymdtms y cg jhrg `mc Mspëratu Ugdtj md sus va`gs (smas cmeeajdms)  ‐  Mcëgs  Mcëgs y Mcasmj)  Mcasmj)  Mc pmeg`j y su eurgeaõd (7 y 8 Xmyms. ‐  Cg dgturgcmzg `mc pmeg`j y su egstaoj< sm prmsmdtg orçnaegkmdtm mc rmkm`aj `m @ajs (jebj cmeeajdms)

Ccmog mc Ugcvg`jr y mkpamzg su jhrg   (Mvgdomcaj smoùd U. Kgtmj. ‐   ‐  Vrakmrg  Vrakmrg pgrtm)  pgrtm)  ]d rmcgtj erjdjcõoaej `m cg va`g y `m cg mdsm÷gdzg `mc Um÷jr, Xmsgctgd`j sus gtrahutjs y su prjpõsatj sgcvg`jr (`jem cmeeajdms)

Mdsm÷gdzgs pgrg tj`g cg va`g 0 (cmeeajdms 751 ― 720) 720)  Cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs (@ms`m cg `avasaõd `mc rmadj bgstg mc Mxacaj)  Mxacaj)  Cg gutmdtaea`g` `m cg Hahcag rmnrmd`g`g pjr cg Bastjrag y pjr cgs va`gs trgdsnjrkg`gs (jdem cmeeajdms) Cg va`g, cg kumrtm y cg rmsurrmeeaõd `mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj  (Mvgdomcaj smoùd U. Kgtmj. ‐   ‐  Umoud`g  Umoud`g pgrtm)  pgrtm)  Ejdtadugea õd `mc rmcgtj erjdjcõoaej `m cg va`g y `m Ejdtadugeaõd `m cg mdsm÷gdzg `mc Um÷jr (`amz cmeeajdms)

Mstu`ajs `m pmrsjdgims9 @gdamc y Dmbmkëgs  Cg jhrg trgdsnjrkg`jrg `m cg orgeag y sus `rgkçtaejs rmsuctg`js (dumvm cmeeajdms) Cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs `mc Um÷jr  Mc –kgmstrj‛ qum djs ccmvgrç g Erastj y gc egkadj `m sgcvgeaõd y `m  pcmdatu` (jdem (jdem cmeeajdms) cmeeajdms) Eõkj djs prmpgrg @ajs pgrg mc Eamcj  2

 

Um mxpcaegd cjs pgsjs `m cg sgcvgeaõd ejd Xjkgdjs y jtrgs mpëstjcgs y sm gpcaegd g cjs iõvmdms `m dumstrj tamkpj (eadej cmeeajdms)

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@meakjsáptakg smram 

@MU@M CG @A^AUAÕD @MC XMADJ BGUPG MC MRACAJ  Cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs   ‐  Cg  Cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs9 cg Ugdtg Hahcag  751. ‐ 

ºErmmkjs qum cg Hahcag ms cg Vgcghrg adsparg`g `m @ajs y qum, pjr mccj, ms ghsjcutgkmdtm ghsjcutgkmdt m ermëhcm y naghcm: ºVjr quá gprmd`mkjs gemreg `m mccg smkgdg trgs smkgdg md cg mseumcg `jkadaegc: Mstg cmeeaõd  pmrkatm rmspjd`mr rmspjd`mr g mstg y g jtrgs prmoudtgs. prmoudtgs.  ‐  Cg 706. ‐   Cg Vgcghrg qum gyu`g  @araoa`g g Gsg y Ijsgngt, namcms rmyms `m Iu`ç. ¡Ogdgrjd hgtgccgs qum dj pmcmgrjd! Ua ejdnagkjs md @ajs y cm jhm`memkjs, tgkhaád  pj`rmkjss ojzgr `m su gyu`g  pj`rmkj gyu`g y su hmd`aeaõd. hmd`aeaõd.

707. ‐   ‐  Cg  Cg Vgcghrg pgrg kë   ]dg g`vmrtmdeag g trgvás `m cg bastjrag `mc rmy Ijçs, qum `mpmd`m `m su tëj y tutjr bgstg qum mc gdeagdj kumrm, pmrj dj ms egpgz `m gkgr g @ajs pjr së kaskj. ºEõkj pj`mkjs ejkprjhgr dumstrg pjsaeaõd `mcgdtm `m @ajs:  ‐  Cg 708. ‐   Cg Vgcghrg qum g`vamrtm 

Md @ajs hjeg tamdm `m Gkõs y Jsmgs g cg pmeg`jrg `m Asrgmc. Asrgm c. Cg Eugd`j Vgcghrg `m kuebgs g`vmrtmdeags pgrgdgeaõd djsjtrjs tgkhaád. cgs pmrsjdgs j cgs dgeajdms sm vumcvmd `mkgsag`j jrouccjsgs ejkj  pgrg rmspmtgr y jhm`memr cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs, mc pmcaorj gemebg, ejkj  prm`aimrjd Gkõs y Jsmgs. Md mc g÷j ?88 g. E., Asrgmc num ccmvg`j egutavj pjr cjs gsarajs. ºEuçdtj tamkpj pgsgrç gdtms `m qum mc Um÷jr  iuzoum dumstrg dumstrg dmeag aderm`uca`g`: aderm`uca`g`:  ‐  Cg  Cg Vgcghrg qum `mnamd`m  705. ‐ 

Mc pj`mrjsj rmy `m Gsarag dj pum`m eukpcar sus gkmdgzgs eugd`j mc rmy Mzmquëgs pjdm su ejdnagdzg md mc Um÷jr. Mstm mxtrgjr`adgraj suemsj (ejdnarkg`j pjr cjs `mseuhrakamdtjs grqumjcõoaejs qum sm 76

 

bgd bmebj) kumstrg `m quá kj`j pum`md cjs da÷js prjtmomrsm `m mdmkaojs ejkj mc pmeg`j, cg kumrtm, mc sunrakamdtj y mc Adnamrdj.

700. ‐   ‐  Cg  Cg Vgcghrg gutmdtanaeg`g  Md ud tùdmc qum ejdstruymrjd cjs jhrmrjs `mc rmy Mzmquëgs sm bgccõ udg pcgeg ejd adserapeajdms, 8=27 g÷js kçs tgr`m. Cg pcgeg `m Uacjá y jtrjs tmsjrjs grqumjcõoaejs ejdnarkgd cg mxgetatu` `m cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs.  ‐  Cg  Cg Vgcghrg qum `g prjkmsgs  70=. ‐  Asgëgs mxgkadg mc nuturj y prjkmtm cg ^mda`g `mc Ugcvg`jr. ºEõkj  pum`m ejdjemr msjs `mtgccms ?66 g÷js gdtms `mc dgeakamdtj `m Erastj: Ujcj cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs ejdtamdm prjnmeëgs tgd `mtgccg`gs, y kuebgs yg sm bgd eukpca`j ejd mxgetatu`. Vjr mstm kjtavj, ºdj `mhmrëgkjs mstu`agr eua`g`jsgkmdtm tj`j cj qum Asgëgs mdsm÷õ gemreg `mc Ugcvg`jr qum bghëg `m vmdar:

70>. ‐  Cg Vgcghrg pgrg cjs pmeg`jrms  Mc pj`mr y cg orgeag `m @ajs sgcvgd gc rmy Kgdgsás, udg `m cgs  pmrsjdgs kçs kgcvg`gs qum bgyg mxasta`j. ºEõkj: ºMs mstj udg mspmrgdzg pgrg djsjtrjs: ºDjs bmkjs vastj gcoudg vmz tgd bukaccg`js ejkj cj mstuvj Kgdgsás md su emc`g `m cg prasaõd, g eamdtjs `m lacõkmtrjs `m su bjogr:  ‐  Cg 70?. ‐   Cg Vgcghrg sm vumcvm g mdejdtrgr  

Mc rmy IjsëgsEugd`j mkpamzgsmgvumcvm rmadgr eugd`j sjcj cg tamdm 2 g÷js, mdeumdtrg cg Vgcghrg. g `mseuhrar Vgcghrg `my@ajs y cjs asrgmcatgs vumcvmd g jhm`memrcg, mkpamzgd g suem`mr ejsgs sjrprmd`mdtms. ºBmkjs mxpmrakmdtg`j mstj gcoudg vmz:  ‐  Cg  Cg Vgcghrg hgij gtgqum  702. ‐  Vjr pgrtm `m cjs rmyms Ijgeak y Um`mquëgs. Imrmkëgs, namc samrvj `m @ajs, ms erumckmdtm pmrsmoua`j< pmrj, g pmsgr `m cg jpjsaeaõd, cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs sm eukpcm. @ms`m gqumccjs tamkpjs, cgs

eavacazgeajdms vgd y vamdmd, pmrj cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs pmrkgdmem, y  pmrkgdmemrçç pgrg samkprm  pmrkgdmemr samkprm..

701. ‐   ‐  Cg  Cg Vgcghrg eukpca`g (Xmpgsj)  77

 

Iu`ç num ccmvg`j egutavj mxgetgkmdtm ejkj cjs prjnmtgs bghëgd g`vmrta`j. Mc Ugcvg`jr dgeaõ tgc ejkj bghëgd gdudeag`j, bgstg mc kçs këdakj `mtgccm. ºDjs ejdvmdemd mstgs cmeeajdms `m qum cg Hahcag ms cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs y `m qum ms sunaeamdtm pgrg eugcquamr dmemsa`g` qum tmdogkjs:

Adtrj`ueeaõd g cg smram pgrg cjs kgmstrjs   @mhmrms pgrg cjs kgmstrjs 

Vgrg qum mstg smram `m cmeeajdms smg hmdmnaeajsg, cjs kgmstrjs dmemsatgd ngkacagrazgrsm ejd mstjs gejdtmeakamdtjs `mc Gdtaouj Pmstgkmdtj. Kuebjs erastagdjs tamdmd kmdjr ejdjeakamdtj gemreg `m Gsg, Ijsgngt, Ijçs, Mzmquëgs y Imrmkëgs qum gemreg `m Ghrgbgk, Asgge, Igejh, Ijsá, @gva`, mte. Cjs kgmstrjs qum mstád md mstm egsj `mhmrëgd mkpmzgr pjr cmmr mstjs egpëtucjs ejd hgstgdtm gdtmcgeaõd. Ejkprjhgrçd qum mstm mimreaeaj cms rmsuctg kuy orgtanaegdtm. Cg sjeam`g` `m cjs tamkpjs `m Xmyms y Erõdaegs tamdm ud trmkmd`j  pgrmea`j ejd cg dumstrg, y cjs kmdsgims `m @ajs pgrg gqumc pumhcj sjd mspmeagckmdtm g`meug`js pgrg dumstrgs ecgsms. Vcgd `m mstu`aj 

Md dumstrg mxpmramdeag, samkprm djs bg rmsuctg`j ùtac y mstakucgdtm ejcjegr vgrags cmeeajdms hgij ud kaskj tëtucj. Mstg smram euhrm ud cgroj pmrëj`j `m cg Bastjrag, bgeag mc nadgc `mc Gdtaouj Pmstgkmdtj. Mc tmkg qum sjhrmsgcm ms cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs.  G km`a`g qum smouakjs mstm pgdjrgkg `m bastjrag g cj cgroj `m cjs saocjs, vmkjs cg mdjrkm adncumdeag `m cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs `m kuebgs kgdmrgs `astadtgs. Dj `mhmrëg rmsuctgr `mkgsag`j `anëeac akprmsajdgr g dumstrjs da÷js ejd su akpjrtgdeag mvatgd`j qum pum`gd smr mdog÷g`js pjr sus erëtaejs. Mstg smram euhrm udg adnada`g` `m eumstajdms. Pmdmkjs cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs prjdudeag`g pjr cjs prjnmtgs, udgs vmems md tjdj `m g`vmrtmdeag y gdoustag, y jtrgs, pgrg `gr mspmrgdzg y ejdsumcj. Jhsmrvgkjs cjs mnmetjs prçetaejs `m cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs tgdtj md cg va`g `m udg dgeaõd ejkj md cg `m cjs ad`ava`ujs. Md ud tamkpj md mc qum sm eumstajdgd cg adtmora`g` y cg adngcahaca`g` `m cg Hahcag, 78

 

 pj`mkjs mxgkadgr cgs mxemcmdtms mxemcmdtms rgzjdms bastõraegs, –eamdtënaegs‛ y grqumjcõoaegs qum mxastmd pgrg gemptgr su tmstakjdaj. ^mrmkjs eõkj cg bjstaca`g` bgeag mccg dj ms dg`g dumvj. Vmrj, pjr mdeakg `m tj`j, smrmkjs tmstaojs `m su pj`mr pgrg ejdvmdemr g cgs pmrsjdgs `m su pmeg`j y ccmvgrcgs g @ajs. Mstg smram ms cgrog y ejdtamdm jdem cmeeajdms. Um pj`rëg `ava`ar md `js smrams pgrg qum ejadea`amrg ejd mc egcmd`graj `m cg mseumcg `jkadaegc cjegc.G,Vjr cmeeaõd 751H.  gUad 751  cg 70= 70=    pj`rëgd njrkgr cg pgrtm y `mmimkpcj, cg 70> 70>  g`mcg  cg cg701, 701 , cg pgrtm mkhgroj, cg smram ejkpcmtg mdegig hamd `mdtrj `mc trakmstrm msejcgr, y ms ud  hcjqum hamd ejbmsajdg`j ejbmsajdg`j gemreg `m mstm mstm gsudtj tgd vatgc. vatgc. Ejkpcmkmdtjs vasugcms 

Mc Ugckj 771 Mc  771  `mserahm cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs ejkj –cçkpgrg \…[ \ …[ g kas  pams‛ y –cukhrmrg –cukhrmrg g ka egkadj‛. Mc tmkg `m cg cuz sm bg g`jptg`j ejkj mimkpcj ejkùd g tj`gs cgs cmeeajdms `m cg smram. Um prjpjdm qum cjs kgmstrjs7 mkpamemd eg`g cmeeaõd kjstrgd`j j `astrahuymd`j `astrahuym d`j g cjs da÷js cg akgomd `m gcoùd tapj `m cuz md pgrtaeucgr qum mimkpcanaeg mc tmkg `m cg kaskg. Mstj dj sjcj g÷g`arç ud mcmkmdtj `m adtmrás y sjrprmsg g cg getava`g` smkgdgc, sadj qum ejdstatuarç ud tmkg vasugc ejkùd qum mstakucgrëg cg kmkjrag. Umrëg kuy prçetaej utacazgr md mstg smram ud gkpcaj orçnaej bastõraej. Kgmstrjs y gcukdjs sm hmdmnaeagrëgd gc pj`mr vmr ud msqumkg `jd`m gpgrmzegd cjs rmyms y prjnmtgs md jr`md erjdjcõoaej, md njrkg `m `agorgkg ejd ejcjrms vavjs (en. E^ 7, p. 80). 80). Md su cahrj Ujcjkjd tj tbm Mxacm8  (@ms`m Ugcjkõd bgstg mc Mxacaj), mc @r. _batejkh prjpjreajdg ud orçnaej ejd nmebgs naghcms, qum sm pum`m gkpcagr pgrg qum cjs da÷js cj ejcjrmmd. Cjs `mtgccms qum dj smgd gprjpag`js pgrg mstgs cmeeajdms sm pum`md jkatar (mc 7

 Xmejkmd`gkjs qum cjs kgmstrjs `m da÷js kuy pmqum÷js pm qum÷js jkatgd mc mimkpcj `m cg cuz

gc pradeapaj `m eg`g cmeeaõd y ejkamdemd `armetgkmdtm ejd mc rmcgtj hëhcaej. Mc mimkpcj  prjpumstj `m cjs `astadtjs gspmetjs `m cg cuz md cg Hahcag pj`rëg utacazgrsm `m kgdmrg ad`mpmd`amdtm md gcoùd jtrj kjkmdtj `m cg bjrg `m cg mseumcg `jkadaegc. E^ Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 8  _batejkh, I.E., Ir.9 Ujcjkjd tj tbm Mxacm (71?=). 75

 

gkpcaj orçnaej `m cg smram –_adjdg –_adj dg Cglm‛, `mc kaskj gutjr, ms a`mgc  pgrg trgzgr ud ud `agorgkg sakpcanaeg`j sakpcanaeg`j md ejcjr). ejcjr). @ahuig ud kgpg `m cg zjdg qum sm trgtg md mstg smram (pum`ms mdejdtrgrcj yg bmebj gc nadgc `m cgs hahcags y md cjs gtcgs hëhcaejs). Mserahm sjhrm mc kgpg9 Eau`g`ms9 Imrusgcád, Cgquas, Dëdavm, Hghacjdag, Uusg Vgësms9 Asrgmc, Iu`ç, Gsarag, Hghacjdag, Moaptj Gcrm`m`jr `m cjs hjr`ms `mc kgpg, ejcjeg cgs akçomdms (y jtrgs acustrgeajdms) `mc  Hahcm Cmgrdado Ejursm  \Eursj `m gprmd`azgim  hëhcaej[ ejrrmspjd`amdtms ejrrmspjd`amdtms g cg smkgdg, y ùdmcgs km`agdtm ncmebgs ejd mc cuogr `mc kgpg `jd`m jeurramrjd cjs suemsjs `m cg cmeeaõd.

CG VGCGHXG @M @AJU9 CG UGDPG HAHCAG (751)   ]d cahrj mxtrgjr`adgraj  Ugckj 771976= 771976=9 ]d egkhaj pmrkgdmdtm.  @ajs prjkmtm qum, sa vmdakjs g Ác `m ejdsuudBaij grrmpmdtakamdtj y ejd nm, ejdnagd`j md cg kumrtm md mc Egcvgrajvmr`g`mrj ejkj ùdaeg njrkg md cg qum cjs pmeg`js pum`md smr pmr`jdg`js, Ác dj djs rmebgzgrç. Djs gejomrç md su ngkacag y egkhagrç dumstrgs va`gs pjr ejkpcmtj ejkpcmt j y pgrg samkprm. Cjs vmr`g`mrjs erastagdjs ejdjemd ud ojzj y udg pgz qum dudeg bg mxpmrakmdtg`j cg omdtm `mc kud`j. Pj`j egkhag, y da saquamrg cgs prumhgs `m cg va`g djs pum`md smpgrgr `mc Ugcvg`jr. Ua Ijçs buhamsm ejdjea`j gc Um÷jr, dudeg cm bghrëg `mig`j pjr Hggc. Mxpcaeg ggrtus gcukdjs qum ms qumnadoar ccmoumd ejdjemr yg mxpmrakmdt mxpmrakmdtgr gc Um÷jr. @m dg`g cmsvatgc smrvarç qum gsjd erastagdjs, da saquamrg pjr ejkpcgemr ejkpcgem r g sus pg`rms j g sus kgmstrjs `m cg mseumcg `jkadaegc. Advëtgcms g mxgkadgr su ejrgzõd pgrg sghmr sa pmrtmdmemd j dj g @ajs. Md egsj `m qum dj, ëdstgcms g jrgr gc Um÷jr, pgrg qum su Mspëratu pum`g ccmvgr g eghj su jhrg trgdsnjrkg`jrg md sus va`gs. Ejkpcmkmdtjs vasugcms 

Xmejrtg ud tmrkõkmtrj oaogdtmG`mkm`a`g egrtucadg `ahuig md ác udgudg msegcg `m smas –org`js msparatugcms‛. qumy `mserahgs eg`g `m cgs smas prumhgs `m cg nm, mtaqumtg cg msegcg ejd cgs smas prmoudtgs saouamdtms9 (7) ºEjdjems gc Um÷jr `m udg kgdmrg pmrsjdgc: (ºPm bg  pmr`jdg`jj y tm bgs ejdvmrta`j:)  pmr`jdg` ejdvmrta`j:) (8) ºCmms y gkgs su Vgcghrg: (5) ºPm oustg mstgr ejd jtrjs erastagdjs: (0) ºJrgs `m vmr`g`: (=) ºBgs sunra`j cjs gtgqums `m Ugtgdçs: (>) ºMstçs smourj `m qum pmrtmdmems gc Um÷jr y `m qum smrçs suyj pgrg samkprm: Ad`aeg qum quCg m eg`g –org`j‛ kgreg`j udgnrgegsõ sm÷gc `m msparatugc. cmeeaõd kumstrg eõkj ms Ijçs md humdg tj`gs sgcu` mstgs  prumhgs.

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CG VGCGHXG W]M G@^AMXPM (708)  Md hjeg `m cjs prjnmtgs Gkõs y Jsmgs   7?, y 2,  ?970 ― 7?, 77 ― 85< 85< vágdsm sjhrm tj`j cjs egpëtucjs 7 ― 8, 0  y 77 tgkhaád cjs tmxtjs qum sm eatgd md cg cmeeaõd   Vrjpõsatj. Kjstrgr qum cg Hahcag ms ud cahrj kuy prçetaej, ccmdj `m kmdsgims `m @ajs pgrg djsjtrjs, djsj trjs, y qum bgemr egsj jkasj `m su Gutjr y sus g`vmrtmdeags ejd`uem rçpa`gkmdtm g cgs dgeajdms y g cjs ad`ava`ujs gc `msgstrm. G`vmrtar g cjs da÷js qum, gudqum mstm kud`j tjcmrg kuebgs ejsgs adejrrmetgs, dumstrj sgdtj @ajs iuzog mc pmeg`j. Gud gsë, pjr su gkjr, djs `g cg jpjrtuda`g` `m husegr su pmr`õd y djs rumog qum dj cj rmebgemkjs.  Cmeeaõd prçetaeg9 ]d ngrj 

Md mstg cmeeaõd ejkpgrgrmkjs cg Hahcag g ud ngrj. Vrjpjreajdg udg njtjorgnëg y ud `ahuij. Vrmoudtg g cg ecgsm cg nudeaõd pradeapgc `m mstg cuz, ms `mear, qum dj sjcj ad`aeg mc egkadj, sadj qum gvasg `mc  pmcaorj.  G`vamrtm g cjs kgradjs `m cgs adkmdsgs rjegs qum bgy msejd`a`gs pjr `mhgij `m cg cëdmg `m ncjtgeaõd, rjegs qum pj`rëgd bgemr mdjrkms hjqumtms md cjs cgtmrgcms `m cjs hgrejs. Pgkhaád gvasg `m cjs hgdejs `m grmdg md cjs qum sus hgrejs pj`rëgd qum`gr vgrg`js `urgdtm `ëgs. Ejkmdtg cj gorg`mea`js gorg`mea` js qum mstçd cjs kgradjs  pjr msgs cuems `m g`vmrtmdeag, y cj `msgstrjsj qum qum smrëg qum `migrgd `m hraccgr. G ejdtadugeaõd mxpcaeg qum cg Hahcag ms ud cahrj ùdaej. Kuebgs vmems ms ejkj msm ngrj qum mdvëg kmdsgims `m gvasj, pgrg qum  pj`gkjs mvatgr mc pmcaorj. Bjy vgkjs g vmr `js pgsgims `m g`vmrtmdeag qum rmejomd cgs pgcghrgs `m `js samrvjs `m @ajs,  prakmrj Gkõs y cumoj Jsmgs. @mseuhrarmkjs @mseuhrarmkjs qum cgs pgcghrgs qum mstjs prjnmtgs bghcgrjd gc pumhcj `m Asrgmc sm gpcaegd aougckmdtm gc kjkmdtj prmsmdtm y g pmrsjdgs `m eugcquamr m`g`.

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 Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd 

@mserahm mc trastm `mecavm qum bghëg vava`j mc pumhcj `m Asrgmc (mc rmadj `mc Djrtm), pgsgd`j pjr cgs eadej mtgpgs saouamdtms9

(7) Mc pcgemr `m cg prjspmra`g`.   @mserahm eõkj sm adstgcõ mc  pumhcj `m Asrgmc md cg dumvg tamrrg qum @ajs cm bghëg prjkmta`j prjkmta`j y mdtrmog`j. Cgs omdmrgeajdms gdtmrajrms bghëgd pmcmg`j y ogdg`j  hgtgccgs, bghëgd euctavg`j cg tamrrg, bghëgd pcgdtg`j va÷gs, bghëgd erag`j rmhg÷js sgcu`ghcms y bghëgd g`jrg`j gc @ajs `mc rmy @gva`. Gbjrg, cg omdmrgeaõd kçs ijvmd pj`ëg `asnrutgr `mc nrutj `mc trghgij `m sus pg`rms. Kuebgs pmrsjdgs vavëgd md cg ghud`gdeag y `asnrutghgd `m cjs hmdmnaeajs `m su prjspmra`g`. Cgs vmrsajdms kj`mrdgs `m cg Hahcag kumstrgd mstg akgomd md njrkg mspmeagckmdtm orçnaeg (en.  Gkõs >97 ― >). Xmpjsghgd md egkgs `m kgrnac, ejkëgd ejr`mrjs tamrdjs y djvaccjs smcmetjs y sghjrmghgd vadjs kamdtrgs sm tjeghg kùsaeg pgrg su `mcmatm, y ejdtadugkmdtm sm euhrëgd ejd cjs õcmjs kçs nadjsgetugc! (j cjeajdms hrjdemg`jrgs). ¡Aougc qum md ud gdudeaj `m tmcmvasaõd Eumdtg eõkj mcaoaõ mc Um÷jr g ud egkpmsadj y dj g ud sgemr`jtm jnaeagc pgrg qum mdtrmogsm su admspmrg`j kmdsgim `m adnjrtudaj (en.  >97)  pgrg ejdstmrdgr y gcgrkgr g msgs pmrsjdgs (en.  Gkõs Gkõs >97) ?970 ― 7=). 7=). ¡Gkõs cms g`vartaõ qum prjdtj mdeghmzgrëgd cg ejcg `m quamdms smrëgd mxacag`js pjr ud pj`mr mxtrgdimrj! Vrjdtj smrëgd  iuzog`js pjr mc Um÷jr. ºVjr quá: Vjrqum bghëgd ejdsmoua`j su  prjspmra`g` ùdaegkmd  prjspmra`g` ùdaegkmdtm tm pjr9 (8) @mseua`grjd cgs cmyms `m @ajs. Bghëgd jhtmda`j sus raqumzgs g mxpmdsgs `mc hamd y `m cg iustaeag. Mxpcaeg g cjs da÷js qum, gudqum cjs raejs vavëgd md egsgs `m pam`rg tgccg`g, ejd g`jrdjs `m kgrnac (en.  Gkõs 597= 597= Jtrg prçetaeg nrgu`ucmdtg mrg mc usj `m cjs pmsjs ngcsmg`js ejkj 29=). ). Ejkj da÷js qum trgmd `admrj kátj`j `m mxtjrsaõd (en.  Gkõs 29= rjhg`j g cg jnrmd`g `m cg mseumcg `jkadaegc, ccmdjs `m jrouccj `jdghgd pgrtm `m sus ogdgdeags kgc bgha`gs g ngvjr `m egusgs rmcaoajsgs (g kmdu`j pgogdgs) (en.  Gkõs 090 ― =). Cjs kgmstrjs `m cjs da÷js kçs pmqum÷js cgs kasmrghcms ebjzgs `jd`m `jrkëgd cjs pjhrms.pum`md ¡Euçdtj`mserahar nrëj pgsghgd pjr cgs djebms, sad egpgs da kgdtgs! ¡Wuá gr`a` tgd erumc mrg pjdmr pmsgs hgij hgi j cjs pcgtjs `m cg hgcgdzg!  Dj ms `m mxtrg÷gr qum mc Um÷jr j`agrg sus nmstava`g`ms y gsgkhcmgs, y qum rmebgzgrg sus jnrmd`gs. @aij qum da saquamrg kargrëg sus sgeranaeajs, da mseuebgrëg sus egdeajdms da sus 85). Mc Um÷jr prmnmrëg cg sademra`g` y adstrukmdtjss (en. Gkõs =987 ― 85). adstrukmdtj cg iustaeag. (5) Adorgtatu` gc Um÷jr.  Kamdtrgs mstg omdtm gejkj`g`g `asnrutghg `m tj`j tapj `m cuijs, sm jcva`grjd `m qum mrg @ajs quamd cms bghëg prjpjreajdg`j sus hmdmnaeajs, y dj sm prmjeupgrjd md ghsjcutj `m cg jhrg `mc Um÷jr (en.  Gkõs >9>). >9>). Uus prjpags egsgs  pj`ëgd mstgr kgodënaegkmdtm kgodënaegkmdtm `mejrg`gs, `mejrg`gs, pmrj pmrj dj cms egusghg dadoùd `jcjr vmr cg jhrg `m @ajs `mseua`g`g. Bgstg md mc `ëg `m rmpjsj, y md jtrgs nmstava`g`ms rmcaoajsgs, mstghgd akpgeamdtms pjr vjcvmr g sus ― pcgdms y mstg g susejrrupeaõd dmojeajs pjej bjdrg`js (en.`m   Gkõs 29= >). Md nrgu`ucmdtjs cj prjnud`j `m suhygeëg mc bmebj qum, gudqum nadoëgd g`jrgr gc Um÷jr, su ejrgzõd mstghg kuy cmijs `m Ác (¡Euçdtjs da÷js gsastmd bjy g cg mseumcg `jkadaegc, pmrj sus kmdtms mstçd kuy cmijs `m mccg!).

(0) Ncartmj ejd jtrjs `ajsms.  Cjs asrgmcatgs sm `msvagrjd ejd nrmeumdeag y g`jrgrjd g cjs ë`jcjs `m cgs dgeajdms vmeadgs ( en. Jsmgs =90 ― =), ejkj sa su @ajs, mc Um÷jr `m cjs miáreatjs, qum bghëg ermg`j tj`gs ejsgs, dj numsm pgogdjs, kmijr qum tj`js msjsda÷js, `ajsmsprgetaeghgd bmebjs g kgdj. cgs G`jrghgd g `ajsms sgeranaeghgd cg hruimrëg y jtrgs getava`g`ms jeuctastgs. Jsmgs sm÷gcõ qum Asrgmc mstghg gbjrg `msprjvastj `m vmr`g` (adecua`g cg na`mca`g`), `m

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kasmraejr`ag (hjd`g`), y `m ejdjeakamdtj `m @ajs. Md vmz `m mstj, cg tamrrg mstghg ccmdg `m pmriuraj, kmdtarg, gsmsadgtj, rjhj, g`uctmraj y vajcmdeag (en.  Jsmgs 097 ― 5) (¡Euçdtj sm pgrmem mstj gc ejdtmda`j `m dumstrjs pmraõ`aejs!). Mxpcaeg g cg ecgsm qum g`jrgr g ngcsjs `ajsms (j tmdmr ermmdeags ngcsgs) ejd`uem samkprm g `msegrtgr cjs  pradeapajs kjrgcms. Cg omdtm omdtm prmnamrm prmnamrm g`jrgr g `ajsms `ajsms `m kg`mrg qum dj mstçd vavjs, y qum mva`mdtmkmdtm dj pum`md vmr sus kgc`g`ms. ¡Md cg getugca`g` sm `aem qum dj bgy dadoùd @ajs!

(=) Cg pmrsmeueaõd `m cjs kmdsgimrjs `m @ajs. Cjs sgemr`jtms `m Asrgmc pgsghgd pjr gctj tj`j mstm ejkpjrtgkamdtj pgrg smouar samd`j pjpucgrms (en.  Jsmgs 091) 091). Vmrj, eugd`j cjs vmr`g`mrjs samrvjs `m @ajs, cjs prjnmtgs, ccmoghgd g cgs pumrtgs `m cg eau`g` ejd kmdsgims `m ejd`mdgeaõd y g`vmrtmdeag, rmeahëgd hurcgs y udg nmrjz jpjsaeaõd `m pgrtm `mc –ecmrj‛ `m gqumc tamkpj. Gkgsëgs, sgemr`jtm `m Hmt-mc sm qumiõ gkgrogkmdtm gc rmy Imrjhjgk y mebõ g Gkõs,  hjymrj y rmejcmetjr `m baojs sacvmstrms, `aeamd`j9 `aeamd`j9 –^mtm, buym g  Iu`ç \…[ y prjnmtazg gccç‛ (Gkõs ?976 ― 75). 75). ¡@msgstrm! Md cj qum kmdjs pmdsghg cg omdtm mrg md cg egtçstrjnm qum sm gvmeadghg. Kamdtrgs ermëgd qum mstghgd smourjs, y qum su davmc `m va`g dj pj`ëg kçs qum mcmvgrsm, dj sm akgoadghgd qum  prjdtj smrëgd vëetakgs `m cg oumrrg. Md pjej tamkpj, kuebjs `m mccjs sm vmrëgd `mstmrrg`js g tamrrgs cmigdgs pgrg smrvar ejkj msecgvjs g sus egptjrms (en.  8 Xmyms 7?9> 7?9>)). Mstm mrg mc kmdsgim >970970 =970971 ― 57). 57). (vágdsm, pjr mimkpcj, Kgtmj 75907 ― 08, Uaocjs `mspuás `m cg kumrtm `m Gkõs y Jsmgs, Ác ccjrõ gdtm Imrusgcád gc `grsm eumdtg `m qum mc pumhcj iu`ëj `m su tamkpj, pjr bghmr rmebgzg`j sus pgcghrgs y sus g`vmrtmdeags, ejkpgrtarëg mc kaskj `mstadj qum ycjsJsmgs. asrgmcatgs qum bghëgd `msmebg`j cgs gkjdmstgeajdms gkjdmstgeajd ms ngtgc `m Gkõs

5?  

Adstg g tus da÷js g qum gprmd`gd `m cg gkgrog mxpmramdeag `m cjs asrgmcatgs y g qum bgogd egsj `m cgs g`vmrtmdeags `m cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs. Uad `u`g, cjs bghatgdtms `m Ugkgrag (egpatgc `m Asrgmc), kamdtrgs gtrgvmsghgd mc `msamrtj mdeg`mdg`js ejd pmsg`js oraccmtms  pjr jr`md `m sus egptjrms egptjrms gsarajs, gsarajs, cgkmdtgrjd dj bghmr bghmr mseuebg`j mseuebg`j g Gkõs y g Jsmgs. Mc Um÷jr Imsùs `mserahaõ mc bjrrjr y mc rmkjr`akamdtj qum bjkhrms, kuimrms mc `ëg pjr nad sm `md eumdtg `m cjy da÷js dmeajssmdtarçd qum bgdmdsa`j gc pjstrmrj rmebgzgr eugd`j g ud Ugcvg`jr tgd tamrdj y gkjrjsj, y sm tmdogd qum mdnrmdtgr gc egstaoj y g cgs ejdsmeumdeags `m su pmeg`j. Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 

@ahuig udg msegcmrg ejd eugtrj pmc`g÷js orgd`ms. Md mccjs mserahm eg`g udj `m cjs eadej tëtucjs `m cg cmeeaõd, `mc (7) gc (=). Md cg pgrtm adnmrajr `ahuig udg mxpcjsaõd y mserahm cg pgcghrg9 ¡@msgstrm! CG VGCGHXG W]M @MNAMD@M (705) 

Mc rmy Mzmquëgs  8 Erõdaegs 82980 ― 58985< 58985) ). Mstj saodanaeg qum `m mstj sm suroamrjd bazj `m rmpmdtm (en. 8s adquamtu`ms 8195>  prjdtj ghud`gdtms ghud`gdtm adquamtu` y smdtakamdtjs smdtakamdtj s msparatugcms md kuebgs pmrsjdgs qum gdtms tmdëgd udg getatu` nrëg m ad`anmrmdtm. @mig ecgrj g cg ecgsm qum mc Um÷jr gtrgm g iõvmdms y kgyjrms, `m

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trgsnjd`j rmcaoajsj j dj, y cms `g cg hamdvmda`g eugd`j vamdmd g su egsg. G`jrgr y husegr gc Um÷jr dj ms sjcj pgrg gqumccgs pmrsjdgs qum bgd sa`j ermymdtms `urgdtm kuebj tamkpj.

(8) ]dg egkpg÷g dgeajdgc pjr ejrrmj. Mdsmoua`g sm `anud`aõ mc ccgkgkamdtj g vjcvmr gc Um÷jr pjr tj`j mc tmrratjraj. Cjs ejrrmjs mstghgd kuy jeupg`js ccmvgd`j egrtgs `m ud cuogr g jtrj `mc pgës, 569>). ). adstgd`j g tj`js g qum rmormsgrgd gc Um÷jr (en.  8 Erõdaegs 569> Buhj ]djs smcgs ramrjd y smkuy hurcgrjd ( en.  8Vrmoudtg9 Erõdaegs 56976), 56976 ),`js y rmgeeajdms. jtrjs sm tjkgrjd egrtgs md smraj. Eugd`j mseuebgs mc kmdsgim `m @ajs, ºeuçc ms tu rmgeeaõd:

(5) Emcmhrgeaõd `m cg Vgseug.  @mserahm g cg mdjrkm kuctatu` qum sm rmudaõ md Imrusgcád pgrg emcmhrgr cg Vgseug, tgc vmz tgdtjs ejkj cjs qum sm rmudarëgd md cg getugca`g` pgrg eugcquamr gejdtmeakamdtj `mpjrtavj dgeajdgc, j pum`m qum kuebjs kçs. Dj sm trgtghg `m udg ghurra`g emrmkjdag rmcaoajsg< mrg udg jegsaõd `m orgd sëgcmorëg y rmojeaij. sgemr`jtmsgcdj kurkurgrjd jrgeajdms  pgrg kaskjs, sadj qumCjs sm `araoamrjd Um÷jr y, pjr cg sademra`g` 5698?). ). y mc nmrvjr `m sus jrgeajdms, @ajs cjs mseuebõ (en. 8 Erõdaegs 5698?

(0) @mstrueeaõd `m cjs ë`jcjs.  Cumoj, eg`g udj vjcvaõ g su eau`g` pgrg mebgr ghgij cjs gctgrms `m jtrjs `ajsms g cjs qum bghëgd g`jrg`j md vmz `m gc Um÷jr (en.  8 Erõdaegs 5797) 5797). Eugd`j djs grrmpmdtakjs `m vmr`g` y husegkjs gc Um÷jr nmrvamdtmkmdtm, tgkhaád `mstruarmkjs tj`js dumstrjs –ë`jcjs‛. Xmcgtg adea`mdtms `m erastagdjs qum bgd bgd vgeag`j `mstrua`j y cahrjs pjej ejrrmetjs, bgdy `mig`j ecuhms, mdvë`mjs mc `msgoóm sus hjtmccgs `m gcejbjc, sm bgd `msbmebj `m jtrgs ejsgs `msgorg`ghcms ejkj prumhg `m su gkjr bgeag mc Um÷jr.

(=) Jnrmd`gr gc Um÷jr. Vjr ùctakj, ejkj prumhg `m su vmr`g`mrj `msmj `m vjcvmr g @ajs, mc pumhcj mkpmzõ g `gr gc Um÷jr udg pgrtm `m sus pjsmsajdms (en.  8 Erõdaegs 5798 ― 71). 71). Mstm gvavgkamdtj ejdsastaõ md gcoj kçs qum pgcghrgs. Um trg`uij md bmebjs. @mserahm cjs `moustjsgkmdtm orgdj, mc vadj, mc gematm y(udg cg kamc, y cjsnamstg gdakgcms qumkjdtjdms tj`js trgëgd g Imrusgcád adkmdsg `m cg ejsmebg, smkgdg trgs smkgdg).

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Uus `amzkjs pmrkatamrjd qum cjs samrvjs `m @ajs prjsaouamrgd ejd su jhrg sad prmjeupgrsm pjr cgs dmemsa`g`ms kgtmragcms. ºBgs `g`j gcoudg vmz gcoj gc Um÷jr: Ác vm dumstrjs ejrgzjdms y sghm adkm`agtgkmdtm sa cj qum cm `gkjs ms vgcajsj pgrg djsjtrjs, smg cj qum smg, gudqum g jtrjs pum`g pgrmemrcms adsaodanaegdtm.

Mc gtgqum `mc mdmkaoj. Pj`j pgrmeëg ar hamd, pmrj cjs mdmkaojs `m @ajs dj mstghgd ejdtmdtjs. Umdgqumrah  ‐ mc mc pj`mrjsj rmy `m Gsarag, mrg cgmcdgeaõd kçs akpjrtgdtm `m gqumc tamkpj ‐ g sm  smácmdjiõ kuebj qum eugd`j rmy Mzmquëgs dj ejdsadtaõ md sjkmtmrsm da cm rad`aõ bjkmdgim. Vcgdmõ gtgegr Imrusgcád pmdsgd`j qum smrëg ud  iumoj `m da÷js da÷js `mspuás `mspuás `m cgs cgs jtrgs jtrgs vaetjrags vaetjrags qum qum bghëg bghëg jhtmda`j jhtmda`j (en.  8 Erõdaegs 5897 ― 7=). 7=). @mserahm mc pcgd `mc mdmkaoj. G`vamrtm g cg ecgsm qum mc @aghcj djs `mig md pgz kamdtrgs gegtgkjs sus `msmjs,  pmrj tgd prjdtj ejkj mkpmzgkjs mkpmzgkjs g husegr gc Um÷jr smragkmdtm, sm `mspamrtg su arg y mkpamzg g tmdtgrdjs.  Mc ejd miáreatj `m Umdgqumrah (7) Imrusgcád< Gukmdtõ susqum`õ mxaomdeags. bgeag Imrusgcá d< dj sgtasnmebj cjs rmogcjs qum sm cmgvgdzõ `amrjd  pgrg pmrsug`arcm pmrsug`arcm `m `m qum sm vjcvamsm gtrçs. Um÷gcg qum Ugtgdçs dudeg mstç ejdtmdtj ejd cj qum cm `gkjs. Pgd prjdtj ejkj cm em`mkjs tmrrmdj md gcoudg ejsg, yg mstç mxaoamd`j jtrg, `m kgdmrg qum ud  pmeg`j ejd`uem ejd`uem g jtrj.

(8) Kmdjseghõ g cjs samrvjs `m @ajs.  Mc mdmkaoj adtmdtõ `mcahmrg`gkmdtm kadgr cg kjrgc `mc pumhcj bghcgd`j md su cmdoug ymc trgtgd`j gkmdgzgrcms pmr`amrg gpjyj `m`msus sùh`atjs (yen.gsustgrcms   8 Xmyms pgrg 72982qum  ― 5=) 5=Mzmquëgs ). @mserahm eõkj Ugtgdçs sm `araom g djsjtrjs md ud a`ajkg qum mdtmd`mkjs. Uu jhimtavj ms pjdmrdjs md ejdtrg `m cjs kgmstrjs y cë`mrms qum djs bgd ejd`uea`j gc Um÷jr. ¡Eõkj cm oustg ra`aeucazgr g cjs qum mstçd `m  pgrtm `m `m @ajs! Ejd kmdtargs kmdtargs cjs cjs prmsmdtg prmsmdtg ejkj pmrsjdgs pmrsjdgs gdtaeug`gs gdtaeug`gs md sus mdsm÷gdzgs.

(5) Um hurcõ `mc Um÷jr. Vjr mdeakg `m tj`j, mc mdmkaoj sm hurcõ `mc Um÷jr cj ejkpgrõ djs prmsajdg  pgrg qum y`u`mkjs `u`mk js `mg jtrjs @ajs `ajsms. y `m Ugtgdçs su Vgcghrg (y djs samkprm sm`uem  padtçd`jdjs  padtçd`jd js akçomdms ngcsgs y bgcgoóm÷gs `m mstm kud`j). Bgz ud rmsukmd `m cgs erumcms gkmdgzgs y hurcgs `m Xghsgems. G`vamrtm g

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cg ecgsm qum dj bgog egsj `mc @aghcj eugd`j adtmdtm gpgrtgrcms `m @ajs. Mc pumhcj `m Imrusgcád pmrkgdmeaõ md sacmdeaj. Jhm`meamrjd gc Xmy y sm dmogrjd g mdtrgr md `aseusaõd. Dj `mhmrëgkjs dudeg mdtrgr md `aseusaõd ejd Ugtgdçs.

Mzmquëgs sm kgdtuvj narkm. Mzmquëgs geu`aõ g Asgëgs, su pgstjr, y iudtjs jrgrjd gc Um÷jr< dj num udg jrgeaõd cgrog y sad smdta`j, sadj ud rumoj nmrvamdtm y kuy ejdermtj. Kçs tgr`m, Mzmquëgs tjkõ cg egrtg `mcPmkpcj< mdmkaoj (`jd`m cmmr cm gkmdgzghg ejdbazj mxtmrkadgrcjs) y cg ccmvõ gc pj`mkjs cg jrgeaõd qum gccë ( en. 8 Xmyms 7197= ― 71). 71). Uupcaeõ cg gyu`g `mc Um÷jr dj pgrg sgcvgrsm ác kaskj, sadj pgrg qum tj`gs cgs dgeajdms vamrgd qum @ajs mrg mc @ajs vavj y vmr`g`mrj. Cg vmr`g`mrg jrgeaõd dj ms pgrg pm`ar cgs ejsgs qum `msmgkjs, sadj gqumccgs qum bjdrgd g @ajs. Jrgkjs pgrg rmeahar  pmr`õd y pgrg ejdvmrtardjs, ejdvmrtardjs, pgrg rmeahar numrzg pgrg gorg`grcm, gorg`grcm, y  pgrg qum jtrjs vmdogd tgkhaád g Ác. Mstm ms mc tapj `m ejsgs qum gorg`gd gc Um÷jr. Cg vmr`g`mrg jrgeaõd ms pm`ar gcoj pgrg @ajs.  Mzmquëgs adstõ gc pumhcj g tjkgr pjsaeaõd9 –Ejd ác  \Umdgqumrah[  \Umdgqumrah[ mstç mc hrgzj `m egrdm, kgs ejd djsjtrjs mstç Imbjvç dumstrj @ajs  pgrg gyu`grdjs gyu`grdjs y pmcmgr dumstrgs hgtgccgs‛ (8 Erõdaegs 5892 5892). ). Vjr kuy orgd`ms qum smgd dumstrgs `anaeuctg`ms md cg va`g, mc Um÷jr djs egpgeatgrç pgrg mstgr narkms pjr Ác. Eugdtj gdtms gprmd`gkjs g ejdnagr md Ác, gdtms ejkprjhgrmkjs su pj`mr pgrg prjtmomr y sjstmdmr g sus baijs.   Mc Asgëgs rmsuctg`j `m cg Mzmquëgs `mseuhrm mdmkaoj `mstrua`j.  hgtgccg pgrmeëg egsa udgc gdtaecëkgx. gdtaecëkgx . Pgc ejkj cj bghëg  prjnmtazg`j,, mc pumhcj `m Imrusgcád dj dmemsatõ gczgr sus mspg`gs (en.   prjnmtazg`j 5=). 72= 666 bjkhrms `mc miáreatj `m Umdgqumrah 8 Xmyms 71958 ― 5=). numrjd `mstrua`js `mstrua`js md su prjpaj egkpgkmdtj. G cg kg÷gdg saouamdtm, Imrusgcád sm mdnrmdtõ g ud miáreatj `m eg`çvmrms. Umdgqumrah vjcvaõ g su pgës bukaccg`j, y kçs tgr`m sus `js baijs cj gsmsadgrjd (en.  8 Xmyms 7195> ― 5?). 5?). g cjs da÷js ejdsa`mrmd sa bgd Cmeeajdms pgrg bjy.  Va`m mxpmrakmdtg`j cjs gtgqums `m Ugtgdçs. ºBg qum bmebj mstj qum tuvamrg tmkjr `m gemregrsm gc Um÷jr: ºCjs bg trgdsnjrkg`j Ugtgdçs md ejhgr`ms qum `msmgd ejdvmrtarsm, pmrj qum dj mstçd `aspumstjs g

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 pjsaeajdgrsm ejd mc pumhcj `m @ajs: ºVjr quá dj gprmd`md `m Mzmquëgs: ºUm pj`rëg mstgr md udg satugeaõd pmjr qum cg suyg: Bgz qum akgoadmd su eau`g` rj`mg`g `m tgdqums y grkgkmdtj, y ejd sjc`g`js mdmkaojs prjnaramd`j hurcgs g vjz md oratj. Wuazç mc mdmkaoj sm bgyg gpj`mrg`j `m cjs mstu`ajs `m tmcmvasaõd y mstá rmtrgdskatamd`j g trgvás `m mccg sus gkmdgzgs g tj`js cjs bghatgdtms `m cg eau`g`. Gud gsë, Mzmquëgs y mc pumhcj `m Imrusgcád ejdnagrjd md mc pj`mr `mc @ajs vavj pgrg cahrgrcjs< kuy prjdtj su nm sm vaj gkpcagkmdtm rmejkpmdsg`g. Cjs iõvmdms `m bjy dj `mhmd tmkmr mc pgdjrgkg qum tamdmd g su gcrm`m`jr9 tgdtg omdtm qum sm hurcg `m cg nm md @ajs y qum quamrm gtrgmrcms bgeag udg va`g `m pmeg`j. Ua tgd sjcj djs gemreçrgkjs g Erastj y ejdnaçrgkjs md su Vgcghrg, Ác djs ejdvmrtarëg, djs  prjtmomrëg y djs sjrprmd` sjrprmd`mrëg mrëg ejd kuebësakgs kuebësakgs hmd`aeajdms. hmd`aeajdms.

CG VGCGHXG G]PMDPANAEG@G (700)  Vrumhgs grqumjcõoaegs `m cjs tamkpjs `mc rmy Mzmquëgs   5891>978, 71). 71). @a g cjs da÷js qum Asgëgs `mserahaõ eõkj mc >898 Mvgdomcaj Mvgdom caj sm ccmvgrëg bgstg –cjs ejdnadms `m cg tamrrg‛ (Asgëgs ( Asgëgs 0=988 0=988    D^A). Mc Um÷jr mdejkmd`õ mdejkmd`õ mstg tgrmg g sus `aseëpucjs, y su ejkamdzj sm `mserahm md mc cahrj `m cjs Bmebjs. Md mc saocj RR, ejd cg trg`ueeaõd `m cg Hahcag g 8666 a`ajkgs yg y ejd mc tmstakjdaj adtmrdgeajdgc `m cg Aocmsag erastagdg, vmkjs mc eukpcakamdtj `m cg  prjnmeëg. Vmrj, md tamkpjs `m Erastj, mstj bghrëg pgrmea`j akpjsahcm, y md cg ápjeg `m Asgëgs, gùd kçs `mseghmccg`j. Ejd tj`j, cg vasaõd `m Asgëgs rmsuctõ smr vmr`g`. Ejdecuym cg cmeeaõd ejdsa`mrgd`j kuy hrmvmkmdtm cjs egpëtucjs qum eamrrgd mc cahrj `m Asgëgs. Xmegceg g cg ecgsm qum cjs smas pudtjs gdtmrajrms yg sm bgd eukpca`j. Ujcj qum`gd pjr eukpcar mstjs ùctakjs gejdtmeakamdtjs qum prm`aij Asgëgs. ºDj `mhmrëgd cgs  pmrsjdgs prmpgrgrsm prmpgrgrsm pgrg mccjs: Ua kargkjs g trgvás `mc –tmcmsejpaj‛ –tmcmsejpaj‛ `m Asgëgs pgrg bgemr ud rmsukmd `m cj qum smrçd cjs `ëgs nadgcms `m cg Pamrrg, vmkjs su vasaõd `mc tamkpj md qum mc Um÷jr ermgrç9 >=97?988 >>988)) (mc (?) Eamcjs dumvjs y Pamrrg dumvg  (en.  Asgëgs >=97? mseratjr `mc ùctakj cahrj `m cg Hahcag cjs vjcvaõ g ejdtmkpcgr dumvgkmdtm md vasaõd). Vrmoudtg g cjs da÷js sa mstçd prmpgrg`js

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 pgrg msm orgd `ëg md qum mc Ugcvg`jr, qum udg vmz vadj g sunrar y g kjrar pjr cjs qum bghëgd `m smr sgcvjs, vumcvg pgrg mc `ëg `mc Iuaeaj. Eumdtg eõkj `mstruarç md msm kjkmdtj mstm vamij kud`j pmeg`jr y ermgrç udj dumvj. G`vaártmcms qum dudeg pgsmd pjr gctj cgs  prjnmeëgs `m cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs, kuebgs `m cgs eugcms yg sm bgd eukpca`j. Ëdstgcms ejd cgs pgcghrgs `m Asgëgs9 –Huseg` gc Um÷jr kamdtrgs pum`g smr bgccg`j, ccgkg`cm ccg kg`cm md tgdtj qum mstç emregdj. @mim mc akpëj su egkadj, y mc bjkhrm adaeuj sus pmdsgkamdtjs, y vuácvgsm g Imbjvç, mc eugc tmd`rç `m ác kasmraejr`ag, y gc @ajs dumstrj, mc eugc smrç gkpcaj md pmr`jdgr‛ (Asgëgs (Asgëgs ==9> ― ?). Ejkpcmkmdtjs vasugcms  En. E^ 5, p.  p. =>  => 

CG VGCGHXG VGXG CJU VMEG@JXMU (70>)  Mc rmy Kgdgsás    ―  8 Erõdaegs 5597 86< 86 7>  Vrjpõsatj9 Kjstrgr eõkj @ajs sgcvõ g udj `m cjs pmeg`jrms kçs vacms `m eugdtjs bgd mxasta`j. Mdsm÷gr tgkhaád mc saodanaeg`j `m msjs `js orgd`ms tmkgs hëhcaejs qum sjd cg orgeag y cg kasmraejr`ag, y pmrsug`ar g cjs da÷js `m qum cgs dmemsatgd.  Adtrj`ueeaõd pgrg cjs kgmstrjs 

Vgrmem qum cg va`g `m Kgdgsás ms kuy pjej ejdjea`g mdtrm cjs erastagdjs `m dumstrj tamkpj. Gud gsë, su ejdvmrsaõd `mhm egtgcjogrsm ejkj udg `m cgs kçs sjrprmd`mdtms igkçs `jeukmdtg`gs. Uu pg`rm, Mzmquëgs, bghëg tmda`j ud mxpm`amdtm egsa akpmeghcm ejkj ojhmrdgdtm `mc pumhcj `mc Um÷jr. Vjr mstm kjtavj, cjs pmeg`js `m Kgdgsás mrgd udg ejd`uetg kuy ccgkgtavg md gcouamd qum tmdëg cg vmdtgig `m bghmr ejdtg`j ejd ud mimkpcj kgrgvaccjsj qum smouar. G pmsgr `m mccj, su va`g `m vaeaj m a`jcgtrëg mrg kçs gejr`m ejd cgs pmjrms ghjkadgeajdms `m cjs pgogdjs g

E^ Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc =1  

quamdms cjs asrgmcatgs bghëgd mxpucsg`j `mc tmrratjraj (en. 8 Erõdaegs 5598 ― 5). Bjy, eugd`j jëkjs gemreg `m kuebjs supumstjs ejdvmrsjs euyj tmstakjdaj rmncmig udg pjhrm ejdvaeeaõd `m pmeg`j, dj pj`mkjs kçs qum jhsmrvgr cg orgd bukaccgeaõd qum prmem`aõ gc rmormsj `m Kgdgsás gc Um÷jr. Mstg cmeeaõd djs pmrkatarç `mserahar cg dgturgcmzg `mc vmr`g`mrj grrmpmdtakamdtj, msg pgrtm tgd dmemsgrag `m cg vmr`g`mrg jhrg `m orgeag md eugcquamr ejrgzõd.  Cmeeaõd prçetaeg9 Mc rmcçkpgoj  Cg cmeeaõd `m bjy djs rmeumr`g mc pj`mr `m @ajs, qum sm pj`rëg ejkpgrgr g cg njrkg kçs mspmetgeucgr y pj`mrjsg `m cg cuz9 mc rmspcgd`jr `m ud rmcçkpgoj. Cjs da÷js rmejr`grçd cg sjhrmejom`jrg jseura`g` qum prmem`m g udg tjrkmdtg. @m prjdtj gpgrmem mc rmcçkpgoj md cg djebm y tj`j mc eamcj sm acukadg. ]d rgyj pjsmm udg egrog mcáetraeg `m cgtmdtm 766 kaccjdms `m vjctajs. ]dgrmcçkpgoj cg sunaeamdtm mdmroëg ejkj pgrg ghgstmemr udg ngkacagtamdm km`ag `urgdtm `js g÷js. Cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs tamdm ud orgd pj`mr sakacgr, ejkj `mkjstrgrç cg cmeeaõd `m bjy. Cjs pmeg`jrms md`urmea`js y kgcvg`js pum`md egkhagr y smr trgdsnjrkg`js pjr su pj`mr md ud kjkmdtj (ejkj num mc egsj `m Kgdgsás, `mc gpõstjc Vghcj j `m Kgrtëd Cutmrj, pjr mimkpcj). Jrouccjsjs akpmrajs bgd egë`j md udjs pjejs `ëgs g cg jr`md `m @ajs (ejkj mc akpmraj `m pum`m Hmcsgsgr), y mc mnmetj `m cg Hahcag sjhrm cg bastjrag `mc hghacõdaej kud`j dj sm km`ar.  Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd 

]d rmhmc`m. Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm cg va`g `m Mzmquëgs, eõkj bghëg ccmvg`j g cg dgeaõd `m Iu`ç g qum vjcvamsm g g`jrgr gc Um÷jr. Umrvëg g @ajs y jrghg g Ác y, pjr mccj, da mc pj`mrjsj Umdgqumrah bghëg cjorg`j `mrrjtgrcm. Vrmoudtg quá tapj `m baij sm pj`ëg mspmrgr `m ud rmy Uad mkhgroj, `mseuhrakjs qumegha`j mc ijvmd Kgdgsás, md vmz `m `m smr gsë. mc ermymdtm pag`jsj qum bghrëg mspmrgr, sm rmhmcg kgdmrg ncgorgdtm, `ms`m kuy tmkprgdg m`g`, ejdtrg tj`j cj qum su

 pg`rm bghëg bghëg rmprmsmdtg`j. rmprmsmdtg`j. >6  

(7) G`jrõ g `ajsms pgogdjs  (en.  8 Erõdaegs 5597 ― 5). Kgdgsás rmm`anaeõ tj`js cjs gctgrms mraoa`js g `ajsms pgogdjs qum Mzmquëgs bghëg `mstrua`j. Dj sgtasnmebj ejd rmstgurgr sjcgkmdtm mc euctj g Hggc, g`jrõ –g tj`j mc miáreatj `m cjs eamcjs‛ (8 Erõdaegs 5595 5595). ). Vgrtaeapõ md cg g`jrgeaõd `m dukmrjsjs `ajsms pgogdjs. Mstj mrg ud adsuctj `mcahmrg`j bgeag @ajs, ejkj sa cm `aimrg9 –¡Vrmnamrj g`jrgr g eugcquamr ejsg gdtms qum g Pa!‛.  Pa!‛.  Kumstrg qum cjs bjkhrms y cgs kuimrms, cjs da÷js y cgs da÷gs bgd sa`j samkprm eucpghcms `m mstg getatu` bgeag su Bgem`jr y Ermg`jr. Imsùs cj `mserahm md cg pgrçhjcg `mc Baij prõ`aoj. Eugd`j mstm rmeahaõ mc `admrj `m su pg`rm, sm gcmiõ `m ác tgdtj ejkj pu`j. Kumstrg eõkj, `ms`m cg kçs tamrdg adngdeag, prmnmrakjs egsa eugcquamr jtrg djvm`g` j getava`g` gdtms qum smrvar y ejdjemr gc Um÷jr dumstrj @ajs.

(8) Cmvgdtõ gctgrms pgogdjs md mc Pmkpcj (en. 8 Erõdaegs 5590 ―  =, ?). Gyu`g g cjs da÷js g smdtar udg vmr`g`mrg rmpuodgdeag bgeag mc ejkpjrtgkamdtj `m Kgdgsás `mserahamd`j eõkj ccmoõ gc mxtrmkj `m mraoar gctgrms m akçomdms pgogdgs `mdtrj `mdt rj `mc Pmkpcj kaskj. Mstj sjcj sm pum`m adtmrprmtgr ejkj ud adsuctj egceucg`j ejdtrg mc @ajs g quamd Kgdgsás `mhëg mdtmrgkmdtm su mcmvg`g pjsaeaõd y su rmadj. Um pj`rëg ejkpgrgr g ud mspjsj qum ejkmtamrg g`uctmraj md mc `jrkatjraj kaskj `m su mspjsg. Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum msjs `ajsms m ë`jcjs sm g`jrghgd pjr tj`gs cgs jroëgs egrdgcms qum cjs gejkpg÷ghgd. Mstj njkmdtghg tj`j tapj `m vacmzgs mxtrmkgs mdtrm mc pumhcj.

(5) @msmdeg`mdõ ud `acuvaj `m pmrvmrsa`g`  (en.  8 Erõdaegs 559>,, 1). G ejdtadugeaõd pgsg g bgemr udg castg 559> cas tg `m tj`gs cgs kgc`g`ms y tj`js cjs vaeajs qum prgetaeghgd gqumccjs qum g`jrghgd g msjs ë`jcjs. Cg hruimrëg ncjrmeaõ, ejd tj`j mc tmkjr, cg mxtjrsaõd y mc kgc qum ejdccmvghg (bgstg cjs baijs `m Kgdgsás numrjd vëetakgs `m mccg). @a g tu ecgsm qum ud pmeg`j samkprm ejd`uem g jtrj. Vj`mkjs tmdmr cg smdsgeaõd `m qumakpcaeg`j sjkjs udjs hgstgdtm humdjs,orgvms, y pmdsgrpmrj, qum dudeg djs bmkjs md da÷js kgc`g`ms `mkgsag`j sa mstgkjs vavamd`j gpgrtg`js `mc Um÷jr, tj`gs dumstrgs ngctgs sm

>7  

`msgrrjccgrçd y ermemrçd bgstg ejdvmrtarsm j md pmeg`js mxtmrdjs, j md cg pj`rm`ukhrm msejd`a`g `m cg pmrsjdgca`g`.

(0) Ghgd`jdõ cg Iustaeag. G`mkçs `m tj`j mstj, Kgdgsás mrg ud targdj tgd adiustj qum pmrkataõ qum mc pumhcj ejkmtamrg tj`j tapj `m adiustaeags md su rmadj. Um pgsghgd pjr gctj cgs kgc`g`ms `m cjs eucpghcms, kamdtrgs sm `mighg g cgs vëetakgs `msprjtmoa`gs. Kuebg omdtm adjemdtm sunraõ pmdurags, y gud cg kumrtm (en. 8 Xmyms 8797>). 8797>). (=) Dj bazj egsj `m cg g`vmrtmdeag `m @ajs   (en.  8 Erõdaegs 55976). 55976 ). @ajs mstghg ad`aodg`j ejd Kgdgsás, y tmdëg tj`j mc `mrmebj g iuzogrcm `m adkm`agtj. adkm`ag tj. Uad mkhgroj, su hjd`g` mrg tgd orgd`m qum –bghcõ \…[ g Kgdgsás y g su pumhcj, kgs mccjs dj mseuebgrjd‛.  Djsjtrjs tgkpjej kmrmemkjs qum @ajs tmdog rmcgeaõd gcoudg ejd djsjtrjs `mspuás `m cg njrkg md qum cm bmkjs trgtg`j, pmrj Ác djs ccgkg g husegr su kasmraejr`ag y su gkjr, y tgkhaád djs g`vamrtm  pjr km`aj `m su Vgcghrg. Vgcghrg. Vjr mdeakg `m tj`j, @ajs mdvaõ g su Baij g kjrar pjr djsjtrjs. Cg jhrg `m orgeag. Bgz udg castg `m cjs egrojs `m cjs qum sm pj`ëg geusgr g Kgdgsás. Vrmoudtg g cg ecgsm euçc smrëg su vmrm`aetj. Dudeg buhj ud egsj kçs ecgrj `m ud pmeg`jr qum kmrmeamsm mc iuaeaj. Gud gsë, bgeag mc nadgc `m dumstrg cmeeaõd vmrmkjs qum Kgdgsás 55975)) y ejkmdzõ –rmejdjeaõ qum Imbjvç mrg @ajs‛ (en. 8 Erõdaegs 55975 g adtmdtgr bgemr cgs ejsgs hamd eugd`j rmormsõ g Iu`ç. ºWuá prjpaeaõ mstm sjrprmd`mdtm egkhaj: Cg rmspumstg ms qum @ajs bghëg jhrg`j md su ejrgzõd md ud getj `m orgeag. Vrmoudtg g cg ecgsm quá saodanaeg cg pgcghrg orgeag. Ms nçeac `m gprmd`mr y rmejr`gr. Uaodanaeg  ngvjr dj kmrmea`j y dj ogdg`j. Bgstg g ud erakadgc cm rmpuodgrëgd cgs ejsgs qum bazj Kgdgsás. Vmrj, eugd`j mc Um÷jr sgcvg g udg pmrsjdg, dj ms pjrqum sm cj kmrmzeg da pjrqum sm cj bgyg ogdg`j, sadj s adj pjrqum @ajs, md su gkjr, sm ejkpg`mem `m mccg, cg pmr`jdg y cg hmd`aem omdmrjsgkmdtm. ºEõkj sgcvõ mc Um÷jr g mstm pmeg`jr md`urmea`j md udg njrkg tgd mspmetgeucgr: (7) Mc Um÷jr cm gncaoaõ, y cj ccmvõ g udg satugeaõd `msmspmrg`g (en.  8 Erõdaegs 55976 ― 77) 77). Mc miáreatj gsaraj cj gprmsõ, cj mdeg`mdõ y cj

>8  

ccmvõ egutavj g Hghacjdag. Kgdgsás num grrgstrg`j ejkj ud msecgvj  pjr cgs cgs egccms `m Hghacjdag Hghacjdag kamdtrgs cg omdtm omdtm sm hurcghg y sm kjnghg `m ác, y cumoj num grrjig`j md cg eçremc `m cg eau`g`. Ujcj mdtjdems mkpmzõ g rmsqumhrgigrsm su ejrgzõd `m pam`rg. Kamdtrgs pmrkgdmeëg smdtg`j `ëg trgs `ëg md su jseurg emc`g, rmejr`ghg eõkj mc Um÷jr bghëg prjtmoa`j g su pg`rm ejdtrg udg numrzg kuebj kçs orgd`m. Cumoj mkpmzõ g `grsm eumdtg `m qum kmrmeëg sjcj egstaoj `m pgrtm `m @ajs. Vmdsõ ejd bjrrjr md eõkj bghëg trgtg`j gc Um÷jr. ºVjr quá: ºGegsj tmdëg rgzjdms pgrg adsuctgrcm: ºDj bghëg sa`j @ajs quamd cm bghëg `g`j ud rmadj y udg raeg bmrmdeag: ºQ quá bghëg bmebj ác ejd tj`j mccj: Cj bghëg utacazg`j pgrg hurcgrsm `m su @ajs y pgrg gtjrkmdtgrcm. Uu pmeg`j tgkhaád bghëg gnmetg`j g jtrjs. Bghëgd sgeranaeg`j da÷js pmqum÷js g cjs ë`jcjs, y bghëgd gtmkjrazg`j g cgs kuimrms. Kuebjs bghëgd egë`j hgij mc bmebazj `m cgs prjstatutgs rmcaoajsgs. `mhaõ kamdtrgs `m pmdsgr md prasaõd. tj`g cg kuctatu` `mKgdgsás sus pmeg`js sm prjnud`gkmdtm mdejdtrghg md su ¡Euçdtj `msmgrëg dj bghmrsm rmhmcg`j dudeg ejdtrg @ajs!

(8) Mc Um÷jr cm bukaccõ. Eugd`j mrg ijvmd, su pmeg`j dj bghëg sa`j kçs qum udg hrjkg, udg njrkg `m gcgr`mgr `m su ad`mpmd`mdeag. Gbjrg vmëg ejd bjrrjr tj`g cg vacmzg y cg nmgc`g` `m sus bmebjs, –bukaccg`j orgd`mkmdtm orgd`mkmd tm md cg prmsmdeag `mc @ajs `m sus 55978). ). Um smdtëg tgd prjnud`gkmdtm  pg`rms‛ (en.  8 Erõdaegs 55978 gvmrojdzg`j qum egsacgdjejdnagdzg pj`ëg pmdsgr. `aj eumdtg `m qum bghëg trgaeajdg`j tgkhaád `m suUm pg`rm y `m jtrjs kuebjs. ¡Mrg ud kasmrghcm y ud ousgdj! Mkpmzõ g egmr md cg eumdtg `m qum mc Um÷jr dudeg pgsg pjr gctj cjs pmeg`js y qum gud g cjs bjkhrms  pag`jsjs, ejkj su pg`rm, mc Um÷jr cjs bghëg rmprmd`a`j rmprmd`a`j pjr sus `mnmetjs. ºWuá bgrëg @ajs ejd ác:

(5) Mc Um÷jr cm pmr`jdõ. Gyu`g g cg ecgsm g vasugcazgr cg njrkg md qum mc Um÷jr trgtõ ejd mc grrmpmdta`j Kgdgsás, Kgdgsá s, saouamd`j mc rmcgtj 55975  ― 71. 7prõ`aoj9 1. Mxpcaeg eõkj sm kjvaõ mc Mspëratu `m @ajs `m  8mcErõdaegs `m md ejrgzõd `mc rmy (g) Um gejr`õ `mc @ajs `m sus pg`rms, mc @ajs `m cg Hahcag, mc @ajs

euyg kasmraejr`ag ms pgrg samkprm. Md cg emc`g `m su prasaõd, cmijs >5  

`m egsg, cmijs `m eugcquamr samrvj j prjnmtg `m @ajs, cmijs `mc Pmkpcj, sad `u`g rmejr`ghg cjs smrkjdms `mc prjnmtg Asgëgs y cgs  pgcghrgs `m cjs Ugckjs Ugckjs qum bghëg gprmd`a`j `m da÷j. da÷j. Wuazç vadamrgd g su kmdtm gcoudjs `m cjs vmrsëeucjs `mc Ugckj 765, 765, ud sgckj `mc rmy @gva`9 –Hmd`aem gckg këg g Imbjvç, \…[ quamd pmr`jdg tj`gs tus adaqua`g`ms< mc qum sgdg tj`gs tus `jcmdeags \…[. Dj bg bmebj ejd djsjtrjs ejdnjrkm g dumstrgs adaqua`g`ms, da djs bg pgog`j ejdnjrkm g dumstrjs pmeg`js. Vjrqum ejkj cg gcturg `m cjs eamcjs sjhrm cg tamrrg, mdorgd`meaõ su kasmraejr`ag sjhrm cjs qum cm tmkmd‛ (Ugckj 76598 ― 5, 76 ― 77). 77). (h) @m cj qum mstgkjs smourjs ms `m qum ejkmdzõ g jrgr  gc  gc @ajs `m @gva` y `m Mzmquëgs, rjoçd`jcm qum cm pmr`jdgrg y qum 55975). ). rmspjd`amrg g sus sùpcaegs (en. 8 Erõdaegs 55975 (e) Ejdnmsõ tj`js  sus pmeg`js y eucpgs, rmejr`gd`j tj`gs cgs ejsgs pmrvmrsgs pmrvmrsg s y trgaeajdmrgs qum bghëg bmebj. Cumoj rjoõ gc Um÷jr qum cm pmr`jdgrg. (0) Mc Um÷jr cm egkhaõ. Mc rmcgtj hëhcaej djs eumdtg eõkj @ajs mseuebõ cgs jrgeajdms `m Kgdgsás. Dj sjcj cm pmr`jdõ, sadj qum cm trgij `m vumctg g Imrusgcád. Vrmoudtg g cjs da÷js qum mspmrgrëgd mccjs qum baeamrg Kgdgsás gc vjcvmr g su tamrrg. @acms qum rmnjrzõ cg eau`g` y sus kurjs, y qum quatõ cjs `ajsms pgogdjs y sus gctgrms `m cjs  pgtajs `mc Pmkpcj, mebçd`jcjs numrg `m cg eau`g` (en.  8 Erõdaegs 55970 ― 7>). 7>). Xmpgrõ cjs gctgrms `mc Um÷jr y rmstghcmeaõ cjs sgeranaeajs gc vmr`g`mrj @ajs. Gyu`g g cg ecgsm pgrg qum vmg qum mstj num cg  prumhg mxtmrdg `m cg ejdvmrsaõd adtmrdg `m Kgdgsás. Wuazç bghrçd  pmdsg`j qum su grrmpmdtakamdtj grrmpmdtakamdtj md cg cg eçremc eçremc num udg ngsm trgdsatjrag. Vmrj su `aspjsaeaõd g mdkmd`gr su pjcëtaeg, ghamrtg y pùhcaegkmdtm, gc vjcvmr g cjs gdtaoujs mdtjrdjs, `mkumstrg cj ejdtrgraj. Um bghëg ejdvmrta`j md ud bjkhrm dumvj. Cg ejdvmrsaõd rmgckmdtm egkhag  pjr ejkpcmtj ejkpcmtj g cg pmrsjdg. pmrsjdg.

Gprmd`gkjs `m Kgdgsás.  Gpcaeg cg mxpmramdeag `m Kgdgsás sm÷gcgd`j cgs cmeeajdms qum `mhmkjs gprmd`mr `m mccg. Ujhrm tj`j, mc pmr`õd y cg rmstgurgeaõd `m Kgdgsás sjd ud mimkpcj adeumstajdghcm `m cg hjd`g` y cg kasmraejr`ag `m @ajs bgeag udj `m

cjs trgdsormsjrms kçs vacms. Kgdgsás dj kmrmeëg md kj`j gcoudj >0  

qum sm cm ejdtgrg mdtrm mc pumhcj `mc Um÷jr. Uad mkhgroj, @ajs dj cj `msmebõ. Gc gpcaegr su tmstakjdaj g dumstrgs ecgsms, `mhmrmkjs9 (g) gcmdtgr g gqumccjs qum sm vmgd numrg `mc gcegdem `m cg sgcvgeaõd  pjr eucpg `m su ejkpjrtgkamdtj ejkpjrtgkamdtj pmeg`jr, j `m cg ejd`uetg `mc eëreucj md mc qum sm kumvmd. Gsmoùrgcms qum –dg`am ms tgd vac u j`ajsj ejkj pgrg dj pj`mr jhtmdmr udg orgeag `mc Ugcvg`jr‛, (h) rmejr`gr, djsjtrjs djsjtrjs gsë ejkj tgkhaád cjs da÷js `m ngkacags erastagdgs, qum dg`am kmrmem cg hjd`g` `m @ajs. Md tj`js cjs egsjs, cg sgcvgeaõd ms pjr su kgrgvaccjsg kasmraejr`ag y orgeag, pjrqum dadoudj `m djsjtrjs sjkjs iustjs< dg`am cj ms (en.  Xjkgdjs 591 ―  71), 71 ), (e) bgemr badegpaá md qum, sa, pjr `msorgeag, eugcquamr da÷j sm gpgrtgrg `mc Um÷jr md cjs g÷js vmda`mrjs, y pjstmrajrkmdtm numrg ejdseamdtm `m sus egkadjs pmegkadjsjs, gùd pj`rëg grrmpmdtarsm, y @ajs cm pmr`jdgrëg (ejkj jeurraõ ejd Kgdgsás). Vrmoudtg g cjs da÷js sa, ejkj bazj Kgdgsás, bgd mcmvg`j udg jrgeaõd vmr`g`mrg y adejrrmetgs nmrvamdtm gqum@ajs pa`amd`j pmr`õd say rmejdjeamd`j cgs ejsgs bgd bmebj. Vrmoùdtgcms bgd ejdjea`j gcoudg vmz cj qum sm samdtm eugd`j eug d`j mc Um÷jr tm pmr`jdg y tm egkhag. Xmeumr`g g cjs da÷js qum @ajs saoum mxtmd`amd`j su kasmraejr`ag y su orgeag bgeag tj`j tapj `m pmeg`jrms. Uu orgeag ms samkprm adkmrmea`g, dj sm pum`m ogdgr, y ms kuy pj`mrjsg.

CG VGCGHXG @M @AJU UM ^]MC^M G MDEJDPXGX (70?)  Mc rmy Ijsëgs  8 Xmyms 88 ― 85982< 85982=  

 Cmeeaõd prçetaeg9 ]dg cadtmrdg pgrg husegr cjs jhimtjs qum sm bgd  pmr`a`j 

G vmems utacazgkjs udg cadtmrdg pgrg husegr gcoj qum sm bg pmr`a`j, quazç md ud ejhmrtazj, udg hubgr`accg, md ud sõtgdj, j md cgs  prjnud`a`g`ms  prjnud` a`g`ms `m ud mdjrkm grkgraj grkgraj jseurj. jseurj. Xmeumr` Xmeumr`gg g cg ecgsm cg bastjrag `m gqumccg kuimr qum huseõ su kjdm`g pmr`a`g ejd gyu`g 7=). ). Uad mkhgroj, gcoudgs vmems djs `m udg vmcg (en.  Cuegs 7= mdejdtrgkjs gcoj admspmrg`j eugd`j utacazgkjs udg cadtmrdg. Uu  hraccgdtm bgz `m cuz gcukhrg ud jhimtj qum bghëgkjs pmr`a`j y jcva`g`j. Cg cmeeaõd `m bjy trgtg gemreg `m ud `mseuhrakamdtj gsë.  Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd 

Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum yg bmkjs vastj eõkj mc pumhcj `m Asrgmc y Iu`ç sm smdtëgd ejdstgdtmkmdtm gtrgë`js pjr cjs `ajsms adkjrgcms `m cgs dgeajdms vmeadgs. Bghëgd mxpmrakmdtg`j ud pmrëj`j `m pam`g`  hgij mc rmadg`j rmadg Mzmquëgs, Mzmquëgs, pmrj, `m `mspuás spuás k kumrtm, umrtm, mdsmoua`g mdsmou a`g bghëgd vumctj`jg`m g`jrgr g Hggc kuebj kçs `m qumsugdtms. Mstj jeurraõ  hgij mc rmadg`j `m Kgdgsás y tgkhaád `m su baij Gkõd. Cg ejdvmrsaõd `m Kgdgsás y sus rmnjrkgs dj numrjd gejoa`gs ejd mdtusagskj pjr sus sùh`atjs (en.  8 Erõdaegs 5597?). 5597?). Eugd`j, g cg m`g` `m 2 g÷js, Ijsëgs bmrm`õ mc trjdj, cg g`jrgeaõd g Hggc mstghg kuy grrgaog`g.

(7) Mc ijvmd Ijsëgs huseg gc Um÷jr.  Eumdtg g cg ecgsm eõkj, g  pmsgr cg eucturg gqum akpmrghg, sm gpgrtõ `mc(8kgc `m su Erõdaegs tamkpj`my –ejkmdzõ husegr gc @ajs Ijsëgs `m @gva` @g va` su pg`rm‛ 5095). 5095 ). Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum9 (g) Cg Hahcag adstg g tj`js cjs iõvmdms y da÷js g qum sm geumr`md `m su Ermg`jr (en. Mecmsagstás 7897). 7897). Cgs Mseraturgs djs pjdmd vgrajs mimkpcjs `m iõvmdms ermymdtms9 @gva`, Ugkumc, Ijsëgs, @gdamc y Pakjtmj, mdtrm jtrjs. (h) Dj smrëg udg tgrmg nçeac pgrg Ijsëgs. Cj kçs prjhghcm ms qum udg pmrsjdg ijvmd (gudqum numsm rmy) qum sm dmogrg g tjkgr pgrtm md cjs pcgemrms pmegkadjsjs y cjs pgsgtamkpjs `m cg omdtm `m su

>>  

m`g` smrëg ra`aeucazg`j y j`ag`j. Mxbjrtg g tu ecgsm g qum saog su vgcamdtm mimkpcj. (e) Ijsëgs kuraõ g cg m`g` `m 51 g÷js, pmrj bazj kuebgs ejsgs  humdgs md Iu`ç. Ua buhamsm `mig`j `mig`j su hùsqum`g `mc Um÷jr pgrg kç kçss g`mcgdtm, dj bghrëg tmda`j jpjrtuda`g` `m adncuar pjsatavgkmdtm sjhrm cjs `mkçs. G`vamrtm G`vamr tm g tus gcukdjs qum g vmems cg kumrtm ccmog `m rmpmdtm y `m kgdmrg admspmrg`g. Ëdstgcms g sgegr mc kmijr  prjvmebj `m `m su adngdeag y `m cjs prakmrjs prakmrjs g÷js `m su va`g. va`g. (8) Cg egkpg÷g `m Ijsëgs ejdtrg mc kgc.  Bgz qum mstg cmeeaõd rmsuctm kuy gprjpag`g pgrg cjs da÷js `mkjstrçd`jcms qum cg getugc jcmg`g `m gtmëskj (ejd su nmrjz nmr jz egkpg÷g ejdtrg cg kjrgca`g`) dj ms dg`g dumvj. Mstjs egpëtucjs `mc Gdtaouj Pmstgkmdtj kumstrgd euçdtj sm pgrmeëg gqumc ecakg kjrgc qum akpmrghg akpmrg hg mdtjdems g cj qum jeurrm md cg getugca`g`. Cjs kgcms g cjs qum Ijsëgs sm mdnrmdtõ djs rmsuctgd ngkacagrms. Cgs prçetaegs qum ác prjbahaõ pjr pmrvmrsgs y  hçrhgrgs bgd bgd vumctj gbjrg gbjrg g akpjd akpjdmrsm. mrsm. Uaouamd`j mc rmcgtj `m  `m 8 Xmyms 85 85,, mstj ms cj qum cmmkjs9 (g) Um g`jrg g Hggc (en.  8 Xmyms 8590) 8590). Mxpcaeg qum mc pumhcj `m Iu`ç sm rmudëg md cjs cuogrms gctjs y md cjs hjsqums mspmeagcms `jd`m sm `ghg ramd`g sumctg g cjs ratjs `m nmrtaca`g` `m cjs g`jrg`jrms `m Hggc. Vrmoudtg g cjs da÷js sa md cg getugca`g` ms dmemsgraj vagigr bgstg md cgs eukhrms `m cjs kjdtms y gctgrms rj`mg`js `m çrhjcms  pgrg smr tmstaojs `m cg adkjrgca`g`. adkjrgca`g`. Um÷gcg qum, md dumstrjs `ëgs,  pj`mkjs smdtgrdjs md egsg y vmr tj`j ud `msnacm `m msgs ejsgs md vë`mj j g trgvás `m cg tmcmvasaõd. Pgkhaád pj`mkjs ar g vmr udg  pmcëeucg `m tapj adkjrgc. G`mkçs, G`mkçs, sm advatg g cjs iõvmdms iõvmdms g rmudarsm  pgrg mstakucgr su cuiurag gc sjd `m udg kùsaeg mrõtaeg, ejd cjs smdta`js g`jrkmea`js pjr cgs cuems y cgs `rjogs. Md cg getugca`g` sm mstç bgeamd`j cj kaskj qum bgeëgd cjs gdtaoujs g`jrg`jrms `m Hggc, y sm pamdsg qum tj`j ms dumvj y gvgdzg`j. (h) Um g`jrg gc Ujc, g cg Cudg, g cjs saodjs `mc Yj`agej y gc 859=). ). Cjs sùh`atjs `m Ijsëgs miáreatj `m cjs eamcjs (en.  8 Xmyms 859= bghëgd ghgd`jdg`j cg g`jrgeaõd smrag y rgeajdgc `mc @ajs `m cg Hahcag, mc Bgem`jr `mc Eamcj. Ugcëgd numrg g g`jrgr g –`ajsms‛ qum

>?  

dj mxastëgd ejd ud nmrvjr supmrstaeajsj. Mstghcmem pgrgcmcjs ejd dumstrg sjeam`g`. Cjs da÷js mstgrçd ngkacagrazg`js ngkacagrazg`js ejd cg adsastmdeag qum bgy md cgs eumstajdms km`ajgkhamdtgcms y cg prjpgogd`g `m cg  Dumvg Mrg. Gudqum ms ejrrmetj qum cg rgzg bukgdg eua`m mc km`ajgkhamdtm, mstm `aodj jhimtavj sm vm grruadg`j pjr cjs qum  pamdsgd qum cg Pamrrg njrkg pgrtm `m @ajs. Adtmdtgd gtrgmr g cjs `mkçs ejd mdog÷js y bgemrcms pmdsgr qum mc udavmrsj ms @ajs y qum djsjtrjsDj  tgkhaád sjkjs @ajs.vmr`g`mrj, Mstj mrj, ms cjqum qumdjs quamrmd cg omdtmy  pamdsm. ermmd md mc @ajs vmr`g` bazj gqum djsjtrjs ermõ cg Pamrrg, y qum mstç pjr mdeakg `m djsjtrjs. ¡G`vamrtm g cjs da÷js pgrg qum tmdogd eua`g`j ejd mstm tapj `m mdsm÷gdzg –vmr`m‛ y –mejcõoaeg‛! Mdsá÷gcms rmejrtms `m rmvastgs. Ad`ëegcms qum, kamdtrgs qum msjs grtëeucjs adsastmd md cg ejdsmrvgeaõd y cg  prjtmeeaõd `mc km`ajgkhamdtm, km`ajgkhamdtm, mc sacmdeaj gemreg `mc Ermg`jr kaskj ms mdsjr`mem`jr. Mstg dumvg smetg bg njkmdtg`j tgkhaád mc rmormsj g cg gstrjcjoëg, gud mdtrm cgs pmrsjdgs euctgs, y bgstg bg ejdvmdea`j g udj `m cjs ùctakjs prmsa`mdtms `m MM.]]. ]dg vmz cgs  pmrsjdgs sm bgd gpgrtg`j `m @ajs, @ajs, sm sukmromd md md cg supmrstaeaõd y md mc jeuctaskj.

(e) Eõkj `mrrahõ cgs egsgs `m cjs sj`jkatgs qum sm mdejdtrghgd emreg `m cg egsg `mc Um÷jr ( en.  8 Xmyms 859?). 859?). Gudqum ejkj kgmstrjs `m mseumcg `jkadaegc prmnmrarëgkjs dj tmdmr qum kmdeajdgr mstm tmkg, dumstrj `mhmr ms ad`aegr g cgs ecgsms `m cjs kçs kgyjrms qum mstm tapj `m ejd`uetg ms admxeusghcm y qum ms pmeg`j 72988 ― 8?). 8?). Um cj `mhmkjs g dumstrjs iõvmdms, qum sjd vëetakgs `m udg egkpg÷g mdog÷jsg g mstm rmspmetj, y pjr mccjs `mhmkjs mxpcaegrcj hrmvm y eua`g`jsgkmdtm, pgrg qum gprmd`gd cg vmr`g` md cj qum sm rmnamrm g cjs pradeapajs `m @ajs. Md mc egsj `m cjs orupjs `m da÷js kçs pmqum÷js, cj kçs sghaj prjhghcmkmdtm smg `mearcms qum Ijsëgs mxpucsõ g cjs qum mstghgd akpcaeg`js md  pmrvmrsajdmss ad`meahcms.  pmrvmrsajdm

]d hrmvm rmsukmd pgrg cgs ecgsms `m da÷js kçs pmqum÷js.   Vum`m qum cjs kgmstrjs `m cgs ecgsms `m da÷js kçs pmqum÷js  prmnamrgd tjegr mstg mstg pgrtm `m cg cmeeaõd ejkmdtgd`j ejkmdtgd`j hrmvmkmdtm hrmvmkmdtm qum

>2  

Ijsëgs tuvj qum jeupgrsm `m ejsgs bjrrahcms y pmrvmrsgs, y  prjbaharcgs.. Mc pumhcj `gdzghg y egdtghg g Hggc, ud `ajs qum sm  prjbaharcgs bghëgd advmdtg`j. G msg rmcaoaõd, dj cm akpjrtghg qum cg omdtm  pmegrg kuebj j pjej. G`mkçs, md vmz `m sjkmtmrsm gc @ajs vmr`g`mrj, g`jrghgd g cgs ejsgs qum Ác bghëg ermg`j y sm akgoadghgd qum mc Ujc y cg Cudg pj`ëgd gyu`grcms. @a g cjs da÷js qum sm pum`md mdejdtrgr ejd kuebgs ejsgs vmrojdzjsgs qum bgemd cjs g`uctjs cg dgturgcmzg, getugca`g`. sadj Mxbõrtgcms pgrg qumIjsëgs dj sms y`mimd ccmvgr  pjr ejsgs `mmdmsg qum smgd ejkj ejkj Ijsëg qum qum sarvgd gc @ajs vmr`g`mrj. vmr`g`mrj.

(5) Ijsëgs ca`mrg mc rmormsj g cg Hahcag. @mserahm mc kgrgvaccjsj egkhaj qum sm prj`uij md Imrusgcád eugd`j cjs sgemr`jtms y mc  pumhcj mkpmzgrjd g cakpagr y rmstgurgr mc Pmkpcj. Kmdeajdg qum dj bghëg dmemsa`g` `m ccmvgr cgs eumdtgs `m cgs jnrmd`gs pjrqum gbjrg sm pj`ëg ejdnagr md cjs sgemr`jtms sgem r`jtms y md cjs jhrmrjs (en. 8 Xmyms 889? 889?). Mstg mrg udg prumhg prçetaeg `m qum bghëgd vumctj gc Um÷jr y g sus).egkadjs.

]d orgd `mseuhrakamdtj.  Eugd`j mc pumhcj `mkjstrõ su vmr`g`mrg trastmzg pjr su ejd`uetg gdtmrajr, y kgdanmstõ su `msmj `m mdkmd`gr cgs ejsgs, baeamrjd ud kgrgvaccjsj `mseuhrakamdtj. Cjs sgemr`jtms mdejdtrgrjd ud mimkpcgr kuy gdtaouj `m cgs Mseraturgs, ud cahrj `m cg Cmy `mc Um÷jr qum bghëg sa`j `g`g g Kjasás ( en.  8 Erõdaegs 50970). 50970). Wuazç mstghg msejd`a`j md gcoùd pjcvjramdtj radeõd `mc Pmkpcj. rmgeeaõd num cg `m md ud kusmj, sadj Uu ccmvgrcj ejd dj uromdeag gc mdvjcvmrcj Xmy. Ijsëgsjsmpjdmrcj turhõ mdjrkmkmdtm eugd`j supj qum, `urgdtm kuebjs g÷js, cg dgeaõd bghëg jcva`g`j y `mseua`g`j cgs adstrueeajdms qum mc Um÷jr `ghg md msm cahrj. Mc Xmy sm `aspusj `m adkm`agtj g suhsgdgr msg eumstaõd<  pa`aõ pmr`õd gc Um÷jr y ejdvjeõ gc pumhcj pgrg qum mseuebgrg cg cmeturg `mc Cahrj (en. 8 Erõdaegs 50971 ― 55). 55). @mserahm cgs prjkmsgs sjcmkdms qum Ijsëgs bazj gc Um÷jr md prmsmdeag `mc pumhcj, y cg `aspjsaeaõd `m sus sùh`atjs g smouar su ca`mrgzoj. Vrmoudtg g cjs da÷js euçd`j cmymrjd smragkmdtm cg Hahcag pjr ùctakg vmz y pa`amrjd gc Um÷jr qum cms gyu`gsm g jhm`memr sus

>1  

mdsm÷gdzgs. Mxpcaeg qum sjcj cg Hahcag tamdm pj`mr pgrg egkhagr cjs ejrgzjdms `m bjkhrms, kuimrms y da÷js. (0) Ijsëgs rmormsg gc –Egcvgraj‛  (en.  Erõdaegs

5=97 ― 71). 71). Mstm  pudtj pmrkatm g cjs kgmstrjs mxpcaegr qum, gudqum dj pj`mkjs smr sgcvg`js sad ud grrmpmdtakamdtj nmrvamdtm, mstj pjr së sjcj dj pum`m sgcvgrdjs. Ujcgkmdtm cg nm y cg ejdnagdzg md mc Ugcvg`jr y su kumrtm md mc Egcvgraj pum`md quatgr cg eucpg, y djs pmrkatmd ar gc Eamcj. (g) Iuaeaj. @mserahm mc bjrrjr `m Ijsëgs gc mseuebgr cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs. Um `aj eumdtg `m qum tgdtj ác ejkj su pumhcj bghëgd `msjhm`mea`j y `msgtmd`a`j cjs egkadjs y cgs cmyms `mc Um÷jr. Jyõ cgs g`vmrtmdeags qum mc Um÷jr bgeëg `mc iuaeaj y mc egstaoj qum vmd`rëgd sjhrm cjs qum qumhrgdtgrgd su pgetj. Puvj tmkjr `m qum cg arg `m @ajs egymrg sjhrm mccjs. Ad`aeg g cjs da÷js qum cg cmeturg `m cg Hahcag pum`m bgemrdjs tmkhcgr eugd`j tjkgkjs ejdeamdeag `m qum ud `ëg @ajs iuzogrç cjs pmeg`js qum trgtgkjs ejd tgdtg caomrmzg y qum ejkmtmkjs ejd tgdtg nrmeumdeag (kmdtar, rjhgr, j`agr, mte.). (h) Ugcvgeaõd. Gnjrtudg`gkmdtm Ijsëgs tgkhaád mseuebõ cg kgdmrg ejkj Kjasás adstruyõ g cjs asrgmcatgs pgrg qum ougr`grgd udg namstg gdugc9 cg nmstava`g` `m cg Vgseug (en. Áxj`j 78980 78980). ). Umoùd mc org`j `m ejdjeakamdtj `m tu ecgsm, prmoudtg j rmeumr`g  hrmvmkmdtmm g cjs da÷js qum md cg namstg `m cg Vgseug bghëg udg  hrmvmkmdt mdsm÷gdzg gemreg `m cg orgeag y cg hjd`g` `m @ajs pgrg ejd su  pumhcj mcmoa`j9 mcmoa`j9 7) Md mc pgsg`j, eugd`j mstghgd suka`js md mc pmeg`j, cg msecgvatu` y cg `mhaca`g` md cg tamrrg `m Moaptj, Ác tuvj ejkpgsaõd `m mccjs y cjs rmsegtõ ejd pj`mr, iuzogd`j g cjs moapeajs y cahmrtgd`j cahmrt gd`j g su pumhcj. 8) Mc Um÷jr `aij qum mc çdomc `m cg kumrtm sjcj pgsgrëg `m cgroj gdtm cgs egsgs qum ccmvgrgd cg kgreg (kgdebgs `m sgdorm) `m ud ejr`mrj sad kgdebg, y qum ccmvgrëg cg kumrtm g cjs moapeajs qum bghëgd prjvjeg`j g @ajs. Pgd prjdtj jymrjd cg cmeturg `m cgs Mseraturgs, Ijsëgs y su pumhcj sm rmudamrjd md Imrusgcád pgrg emcmhrgr sjcmkdmkmdtm cg namstg `m cg

Vgseug. Cj baeamrjd ejkj dj sm bghëg vumctj g bgemr `ms`m cjs `ëgs ?6  

`m Ugkumc. Xmejdjeamrjd su `mpmd`mdeag `m cg orgeag `mc Um÷jr y `m su `aspjsaeaõd g pmr`jdgr< mc Um÷jr num namc g su prjkmsg y rmtrgsõ su iuaeaj sjhrm cg dgeaõd bgstg `mspuás `m cg kumrtm `m Ijsëgs. Gsmourg g tus gcukdjs qum mc kaskj @ajs mstç `aspumstj g  pmr`jdgrcjss tgkhaád g mccjs. Xmeuár`gcms qum mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj  pmr`jdgrcj `aij qum Ác mrg mc Ejr`mrj `m @ajs sad kgdebg qum bghëg vmda`j g quatgr mc pmeg`j `m tj`j gqumc qum ermymsm md Ác. Uu U u kumrtm pmrkataõ gc @ajs sgdtj egstaogr mc pmeg`j y gc kaskj tamkpj sgcvgrcjs. Vjr kuebj qum adtmdtmkjs grrmpmdtardjs, grrmpmdtar djs, dj pj`mkjs bgemr dg`g  pjr dumstrjs pmeg`js pgsg`js y nuturjs. Uad mkhgroj, gsë ejkj md mc egsj `m Ijsëgs, mc Um÷jr djs rmvmcg md udg njrkg kgrgvaccjsg qum djs bg prjpjreajdg`j ud Ugcvg`jr, mc Um÷jr Imsùs, Im sùs, mc eugc bg ccmvg`j mc egstaoj `mc pmeg`j `m tj`js gqumccjs qum sm grrmpamdtgd. Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 

(7) Gdtms `m cg cmeeaõd sm pum`m msejd`mr ud pmrogkadj, qum sm –`mseuhrarç‛ md mc kjkmdtj g`meug`j. Md mstm, mc kgmstrj pj`rç cmmr gemreg `m cg Vgseug jcva`g`g. (8) Akçomdms `m cg namstg `m cg Vgseug.

CG VGCGHXG HGIJ GPGW]M (702)  Mc prjnmtg Imrmkëgs  8 Erõdaegs 5=98= ― 5>985< 5>985< Imrmkëgs 797 ― 2< 897 ― 75< 75< 095 ― 57< 57< ?97 ―  7>). 7> ). `m udgs kgzkjrrgs `urgdtm kuebjs `ëgs ( en. Imrmkëgs 5?97= ―  (m) Uuseatg cg ad`aodgeaõd `m cjs da÷js ejdtçd`jcms eõkj grrjigrjd g Imrmkëgs md udg eastmrdg vgeëg md cg qum bghëg eamdj, mspmrgd`j qum prjdtj kuramrg `m bgkhrm ( en.  Imrmkëgs 5297 ― >). Vmrj ud ermymdtm omdtac ccgkg`j Mhm`-kmcme rmsegtõ g Imrmkëgs, bgeamd`j eumr`gs ejd trgpjs vamijs y gd`rgijs pgrg sgegrcm `mc pjzj (en. Imrmkëgs 529? ― 75). 75).

(0) Jpjsaeaõd bgeag cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs md dumstrjs `ëgs.   Gdgcazg ejd tu ecgsm ‐  ecgsm  ‐ smoùd smoùd cg m`g` `m cjs da÷js ‐  cjs   cjs kátj`js qum sm bgd utacazg`j g trgvás `m cjs saocjs, `ms`m cjs tamkpjs `m

Erastj, pgrg sacmdeagr cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs9 ?0  

(g) Vjr km`aj `m cg vajcmdeag (numrzg). Vum`ms ejdtgrcms gcoj gemreg `m cgs mxpmramdeags `m Pyd`gcm. Getugcazg mc mstu`aj adnjrkçd`jcms `m cg pmrsmeueaõd qum bgd sunra`j cjs ermymdtms md cjs pgësms `m `mtrçs `mc tmcõd `m gemrj md tamkpjs rmeamdtms, y `mc erumc egstaoj qum sm adncaom g cjs mvgdomcastgs erastagdjs md cjs pgësms kusuckgdms md cg getugca`g`. (h) Vjr km`aj `m cg hurcg. Vrmoudtg eõkj sm sacmdeag cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs md dumstrj pgës. @mserahm cg sutacmzg `mc @aghcj g cg bjrg `m `msgerm`atgr cg Hahcag y `grcm cg akgomd `m ud cahrj jhsjcmtj `m katjs. Gcoudjs kgmstrjs cg `msprmstaoagd md cgs mseumcgs. Pgkhaád sm bgem hurcg `m mccg md cjs prjorgkgs `m tmcmvasaõd. Md vmz `m cuebgr ejdtrg mc pumhcj `m @ajs ejd gkmdgzgs nësaegs, mc jhimtavj `mc @aghcj bjy ms mvatgr qum sm mseuebm su kmdsgim. (e) Vjr km`aj `m cg akatgeaõd (mdog÷j). @mserahm cg sutacmzg `mc @aghcj gc utacazgr ngcsgs rmcaoajdms ‐  rmcaoajdms ‐ yg yg smgd erastagdgs j dj ‐  pgrg  pgrg `msvagr cg gtmdeaõd `m cg omdtm `m cg ùdaeg vmr`g` qum pum`m sgcvgr gckgs. Um `g mc egsj `m qum kuebjs `m cjs cë`mrms `m mstgs rmcao rmcaoajdms ajdms sjd cjs kçs nmrjems jpjdmdtms `mc kmdsgim `m cg Hahcag, ¡y, sad mkhgroj, sm bgemd pgsgr pjr ghjog`js `m @ajs!

Cgs pgcghrgs `m Imrmkëgs sm bgemd rmgca`g`. @mspuás `m qum mc mtëjpm cj rmsegtgrg, Imrmkëgs bghcõ gc rmy Um`mquëgs y cm `aj udg mxpcaegeaõd orçnaeg orçna eg `m cg egpturg y `mc ademd`aj `m Imrusgcád qum ahg g jeurrar prjdtj. Vrmsajdõ gc Xmy pgrg qum sm rad`amrg, pmrj Um`mquëgs vavëg gtmkjrazg`j pjr sus prëdeapms y sm mkpm÷õ md  pmrkgdmemr md cg egpatgc. Vjej tamkpj `mspuás, mc pj`mrjsj  Dghuej`jdjsjr  Dghuej`j djsjr sataõ Imrusgcád, Imrusgcád, qumkõ egsgs ‐  egsgs ‐ bgstg bgstg cg `mc Xmy ‐ , y `mrrahõ cjs kurjs. Kgtõ g cjs baijs `m Um`mquëgs, y cm sgeõ cjs jijs g mstm, y cm ccmvõ ejd oraccmtms g Hghacjdag. Hghac jdag. Vjejs numrjd cjs qum qum`grjd md Iu`ç, y mdtrm mccjs mstghg Imrmkëgs, qum num cahmrg`j `m cg prasaõd pjr cjs hghacjdajs (en.  Imrmkëgs 0697 ― >). Cg kgyjrëg `m cjs iu`ëjs numrjd ccmvg`js egutavjs g Hghacjdag. Gcoudjs sm numrjd gmdtjdems Moaptj, sm md grrmpadtamrjd ejdtrg `m cg g`vmrtmdeag Imrmkëgs, pmrjmdejdtrgrjd da saquamrg j husegrjd `m gc Um÷jr, y sjcj kgyjr bukaccgeaõd.

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Imrmkëgs, sad mkhgroj, saouaõ supcaeçd`jcms qum sm `amrgd eumdtg `m qum sus egkadjs mstghgd mquavjeg`js9 –Vjrqum jnrmeastmas adeamdsj y pmegstmas ejdtrg Imbjvç \…[ bg vmda`j sjhrm vjsjtrjs 00985). ). Prgdskatm mstm kaskj kmdsgim g tu mstm kgc‛ (Imrmkëgs (Imrmkëgs 00985 ecgsm. Pj`j tapj `m kgc`g` y sunrakamdtj sm bg gpj`mrg`j `m dumstrj kud`j. ºEuçd`j rmejdjemrmkjs qum mc kjtavj ms qum bmkjs ghgd`jdg`j gc Um÷jr:

Mc kmdsgim `m mspmrgdzg `m Imrmkëgs9  (g) Gemreg `m ud Ugcvg`jr qum bghëg `m vmdar  (en.  Imrmkëgs 5597=). 5597= ). Mxpcaeg g cjs da÷js eõkj udg pcgdtg, pcgd tg, j ud çrhjc, qum pgrmemd kumrtjs pum`md mebgr `m rmpmdtm ud dumvj y vaojrjsj hrjtm qum cm vumcvg g `gr va`g. Eugd`j Imrusgcád num gsjcg`g y bukaccg`g md cg `mrrjtg, Imrmkëgs pu`j gsmourgr g tj`js cjs qum sm vjcvëgd bgeag mc Um÷jr qum, md cjs `ëgs nuturjs, @ajs cmvgdtgrëg ud rmdumvj `m  iustaeag9 mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj, euyj Xmadj smrëg mtmrdj. Cgs prjkmsgs `m @ajs dudeg ngccgd. (h) Gemreg `m ud pgetj kmijr (en. Imrmkëgs 57957 ― 50). 50). Md msjs `ëgs nuturjs, mc Um÷jr bgrëg ud pgetj dumvj y kmijr. Md vmz `m trgtgrsm `m udg rmcaoaõd dgeajdgc mxtmrdg, @ajs mseraharëg ud pgetj md mc ejrgzõd `m eg`g pmrsjdg, qum cm gkgrëg y cm ejdjemrëg `m ud kj`j pmrsjdgc. Vjr kuebj qum mc kud`j sm jpjdog gc Um÷jr y g su Vgcghrg, ud orgd orupj `m pmrsjdgs ermmrçd md Erastj.

(e) G Mhm`-kmcme  (en.  Imrmkëgs 51972). 51972). Vgrg geghgr, rmeumr`g g cjs da÷js qum, gud md tamkpjs `m `msgstrm y `m `mrrjtg `m cg dgeaõd, @ajs dudeg jcva`õ sus prjpõsatjs `m gkjr y hjd`g` pgrg ejd mccg. Kamdtrgs mc mdmkaoj sm gemreghg, @ajs `aj kgrgvaccjsgs prjkmsgs g mstm ermymdtm mtëjpm pjr km`aj `m `m Imrmkëgs9 –Vjrqum eamrtgkmdtm tm cahrgrá \…[ pjrqum tuvastm ejdnagdzg md kë‛. Mxbjrtg g cjs iõvmdms ermymdtms pgrg qum sm kgdtmdogd narkms pjr mc Um÷jr g pmsgr `m cj qum bgogd cjs `mkçs. Husegrcm y mdejdtrgrcm ms cj kçs akpjrtgdtm `m cg va`g. Ác `g udg dumvg dgturgcmzg g cjs ermymdtms, y cjs ouëg y cjs hmd`aem orgd`mkmdtm g cj cgroj `m sus va`gs. Cumoj, eugd`j Ác vmdog g iuzogr g dumstrj kud`j, cjs ermymdtms sm rmojeaigrçd. Xmeumr`g g cjs da÷js tgkhaád qum cgs dgeajdms y cjs akpmrajs vgd y

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vamdmd, pmrj cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs samkprm hraccgrç bgstg mc nadgc `m cjs tamkpjs, y sus prm`aeeajdms prm`aeeajdms samkprm rmsuctgrçd gemrtg`gs. Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 

Bgz rmnmrmdeag gc kgpg `m Imrusgcád (en.  E^ 76, p. 7>2) 7>2) y  prjpjreajdg  prjpjreaj dg udg akgomd `m `m cgs pumrtgs `mc `mc Pmkpcj, Pmkpcj, `jd`m `jd`m Imrmkëgs Imrmkëgs  prm`aeõ kuebjs kuebjs `m sus sus kmdsgims. Ak Akçomdms çomdms md ej ejcjrms cjrms hraccgdtms hraccgdtms `m trjdejs `myçrhjcms, ud rjccj –pgpmc‛, ud ejrtgpcukgs, ud numoj ccgkmgdtm udg eastmrdg j ud`m pjzj rmsuctgrçd kuy adtmrmsgdtms pgrg cjs da÷js y cms gyu`grçd g gprmeagr cg bjstaca`g` g cg qum Imrmkëgs tuvj qum mdnrmdtgrsm. ]tacazg trms ncmebgs pgrg kjstrgr mc trapcm gtgqum `mc @aghcj md cg getugca`g` \vágsm cg smeeaõd (0) `m cg cmeeaõd[.

CG VGCGHXG E]KVCA@G (701)  Xmpgsj  Xmnmrmdeags `m cg cmeeaõd y  y Imrmkëgs 57957 ― 50 50  Vrjpõsatj9 @mseuhrar euçdtj bgd gprmd`a`j cjs da÷js ejd mstg smram, tgdtj md eugdtj g bmebjs ejkj md cj msparatugc.  Adtrj`ueeaõd pgrg cjs kgmstrjs 

Mstg smram bg euhamrtj ud cgroj pmrëj`j `m bastjrag hëhcaeg, ccmdj `m numrtms tmkgs rmnmrmdtms g cg sgcvgeaõd. Mc rmpgsj ms, pjr tgdtj, `m mspmeagc akpjrtgdeag, y mstg cmeeaõd `mhmrëg gprjvmebgrsm  pcmdgkmdtm.. Eg`g kgmstrj pum`m g`gptgrcg smoùd cgs dmemsa`g`ms  pcmdgkmdtm `m cg ecgsm. Vj`rëg hgsgrsm md cjs `astadtjs tapjs `m cuz qum cg Hahcag  prjpjreajdg  prjpjreaj dg g gqumccjs qum cg gkgd, ejkj bmkjs vastj (sa cjs kgmstrjs gsë cj prmnamrmd, pum`md utacazgr utacaz gr mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc E^ 80,, y hgsgr sus prmoudtgs sjhrm mstm). 7, p.  p. 80

(706) Cuems `m pastgs `m gtmrrazgim9 ouëgd. Cjs rmyms qum bmkjs ejdjea`j djs `gd ud mimkpcj `m eõkj gkgr gc Um÷jr y eõkj ejdnagr ejdnag r md Ác. ºWuá bazj mc Um÷jr pjr mccjs: @mserahm cgs sjrprmd`mdtms

E^ Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc ??  

 hgtgccgs qum Ác cms pmrkataõ ogdgr. ºEõkj pum`m gyu`grdjs gyu`grdjs mc Um÷jr:

(707) Ka prjpag cuz9 km pmrkatm dj ejdnagr md jtrjs. Djkhrg gc rmy qum pgrmeëg gkgr gc Um÷jr, pmrj euyj gkjr `msgpgrmeaõ eugd`j su pag`jsj tëj y tutjr kuraõ. ºWuá m`g` tmdëg eugd`j sm ejdvartaõ md rmy: ºVjr quá cm bghëgd msejd`a`j: ºPmdmkjs ud cuogr md mc Eamcj sjcj pjrqum dumstrjs pg`rms j dumstrjs kgmstrjs `m cg mseumcg `jkadaegc smgd erastagdjs: ºEõkj pj`mkjs `mtmrkadgr sa sjkjs vmr`g`mrjs erastagdjs: ºEuçdtgs prumhgs pum`ms rmejr`gr:

(708) ]d ngrj9  g`vamrtm `mc pmcaorj. ºWuá prjnmtgs mdvaõ @ajs  pgrg g`vmrtar gc pumhcj `m Asrgmc qum su kgc`g` arëg smoua`g pjr ud  iuaeaj: Djkhrg gcoudgs `m cgs prçetaegs kgcvg`gs qum ejd`mdgrjd mstjs prjnmtgs. ºEõkj trgij mc Um÷jr mc iuaeaj sjhrm mc rmadj `mc  Djrtm: ºVgsgrç @ajs pjr gctj dumstrgs kmdtargs, dumstrjs rjhjs y dumstrjs mdog÷js: (705) Cuems `m smoura`g`9 prjtmomd. Mzmquëgs pusj su nm md mc Um÷jr y Ác cj prjtmoaõ md cgs satugeajdms kçs tmkahcms. ºWuá rmy cm gkmdgzghg: ºWuá cm jeurraõ g su pj`mrjsj miáreatj: ºWuaádms y euçcms sjd dumstrjs pmjrms mdmkaojs: ºEõkj pj`mkjs msegpgr g su pj`mr: (700) Cg cuz `mc `ëg9 trgm g cg cuz bmebjs qum dj sm vmëgd. Cg Hahcag trgtg ejd bmebjs, y mstjs pum`md smr gutmdtanaeg`js gutmdtanaeg `js pjr km`aj `m cg grqumjcjoëg j cg Bastjrag. @mserahm, gc kmdjs, udg cjsg `m  pam`rg qum qum mstuvj msejd`a`g msejd`a`g md cg grmdg `urgdtm `urgdtm kuebjs kuebjs g÷js, pmrj pmrj qum gbjrg pum`m ejdtmkpcgrsm md mc Kusmj Hratçdaej, y ejdnarkg mc rmcgtj hëhcaej `m cjs tamkpjs `m Mzmquëgs. ºWuá `mseuhraõ ud da÷j md mc tùdmc qum sgcëg `mc mstgdqum `m Uacjgk: ºWuá rmy rmoastrghg sus hgtgccgs md pgdmcms `m pam`rg qum –mkpgpmcghgd‛ cgs pgrm`ms:  pgrm`ms:   (70=) Cg cuz adnrgrrjig9  pmrkatm g cgs pmrsjdgs vmr md cg jseura`g`. ºWuá gejdtmeakamdtjs jeuctjs `mc nuturj –vaj‛ y prm`aij ecgrgkmdtm Asgëgs: ºEuçdtjs jeurramrjd: ºWuá gejdtmeakamdtjs mstçd gùd pjr jeurrar: ºEõkj pj`mkjs prmpgrgrdjs pgrg mccjs: (70>) Mc rmcçkpgoj9  admspmrg`j y pj`mrjsj. Kgdgsás mrg ud

bjkhrm qum bghëg ejkmta`j pmeg`js adngkms. ºWuá pj`mr mrg mc ?2  

ùdaej qum pj`ëg cakpagrcm y sgcvgrcm: º@õd`m mstghg Kgdgsás eugd`j mc Mspëratu `mc Um÷jr tjeõ su ejrgzõd: Vamdsg md njrkgs md qum mc Um÷jr pum`m bukaccgrdjs gdtms `m qum djs `mkjs eumdtg `m qum dmemsatgkjs ud Ugcvg`jr. ºWuá saodanaeg cg pgcghrg –orgeag‛ eugd`j sm mkpcmg md cg Hahcag:

(70?) ]dg cadtmrdg9 sarvm pgrg husegr. ºWuá rmy `mseuhraõ  pjreajdms `m cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs md mc Pmkpcj eugd`j cj mstghgd rmstgurgd`j: ºVjr quá sm prmjeupõ: ºVjr quá gorg`õ gc Um÷jr kçs qum eugcquamr jtrj rmy (en. 8 Xmyms 8598= 8598=): ): ºEuçd`j huseõ gc Um÷jr  pjr prakmrg prakmrg vmz: ºEuçd`j `mhmrëgkjs `mhmrëgkjs husegr gc Um÷jr: Um÷jr:

(702) Mc Ujc9 ms udg cuz admxtadouahcm. Ms akpjsahcm bgemr `msgpgrmemr `mc kud`j cg cuz `mc Ujc, gc aougc qum nrustrgr mc eukpcakamdtj `m cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs. ºG quá prjnmtg adtmdtõ sacmdeagr mc pumhcj `m Iu`ç: ºWuá cm baeamrjd: Eumdtg eõkj sm eukpcamrjd sus pgcghrgs. ºVj`mkjs pmrkatardjs bgemr egsj jkasj `m cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs: Ejdecusaõd.  Ejd mstgs cmeeajdms, cjs da÷js `mhmrëgd tmdmr cg  prmpgrgeaõd sunaeamdtm ejkj pgrg `grsm eumdtg pjr së kaskjs `m qum erataegr cg Hahcag ms prjpaj `m pmrsjdgs dmeags y `msadnjrkg`gs. Ua bmkjs tmda`j áxatj md dumstrg tgrmg, cjs da÷js ejdsa`mrgrçd qum cjs qum pamdsgd qum cg Vgcghrg dj ms kçs qum ud katj gdtaouj j udg cmymd`g sjd pmrsjdgs aodjrgdtms y ejd prmiuaeajs. Xmeumr`g g cjs da÷js qum tj`j smouarç mstgd`j pmr`a`j sa sjcj samdtmd rmspmtj bgeag cgs Mseraturgs. Cjs iu`ëjs, `m quamdms bmkjs mstg`j bghcgd`j, md gpgramdeag rmspmtghgd cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs, pmrj dj cg pjdëgd md prçetaeg. Mstj dj ms sunaeamdtm pgrg mc Um÷jr. Ccmvg 57955.. Mxpcaeg qum @ajs sjcj g cg ecgsm g cg prjnmeëg `m Imrmkëgs 57955 mstç sgtasnmebj eugd`j su Vgcghrg mstç mseratg md dumstrjs ejrgzjdms  y eugd`j ermmkjs cj qum mdsm÷g md eugdtj g dumstrj pmeg`j, y g dumstrg dmemsa`g` `m grrmpmdtakamdtj y `m ud Ugcvg`jr. Mc vmrsëeucj saouamdtm (Imrmkëgs (Imrmkëgs 57950 57950)) djs prjpjdm udg njrkg kuy prçetaeg `m pjdmrdjs g prumhg. Ua `m vmr`g` bmkjs ermë`j y rmeaha`j cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs, mdtjdems ejdjemrmkjs gc Um÷jr, y

dumstrjs pmeg`js smrçd pmr`jdg`js. Md egsj `m qum cjs da÷js ?1  

 pamdsmd qum mstj sjcj ms pjsahcm pgrg cjs g`uctjs, rmeuár`gcms qum mstm vmrsëeucj `aem qum adecuym `ms`m mc kçs pmqum÷j bgstg mc kçs orgd`m. Bgstg ud da÷j pmqum÷j pum`m ccmogr g ejdjemr gc Um÷jr. Vrmoudtg sa bgd ougr`g`j cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs md su ejrgzõd. ºBgd  pm`a`j gc Ugcvg`jr qum pmr`jdm sus pmeg`js: ºCm ejdjemd pjr së kaskjs: Ua dj ms gsë, ëdstgcms g ejdtadugr ejd su hùsqum`g utacazgd`j cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs ejkj cçkpgrg g sus pams y cukhrmrg g 771976=). ). su egkadj (en. Ugckj 771976=

26  

@meakjetgvg smram 

MC M^GDOMCAJ UMOÙD U. KGPMJ (UMO]D@G VGXPM)  Cg va`g, cg kumrtm y cg rmsurrmeeaõd `mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj   ‐  Mc 7=6. ‐   Mc Ugcvg`jr9 Ejdnmsg`j  Mc Ugcvg`jr sghm qum su jhrg md mc djrtm `m Ogcacmg mstç egsa geghg`g y qum prjdtj tmd`rç qum vagigr g Imrusgcád. Pamdm gcoudgs prmoudtgs akpjrtgdtms pgrg cjs `aseëpucjs (sjd pjr su  hamd, pjrqum Ác yg ejdjem cgs rmspumstgs)9 ºWuaád pamdsg cg omdtm qum ms Ác: ºWuaád `aemd qum ms: ºWuaád `aemd cjs `aseëpucjs qum ms mc Erastj: ºMstgrçd `aspumstjs g smouarcm gudqum mc egkadj smg `urj:

7=7. ‐  Mc Ugcvg`jr9 Ejdnarkg`j  Eugd`j mc Um÷jr suhm g ud kjdtm gctj pgrg jrgr, sm trgdsnaourg `m kj`j qum rmspcgd`mem ejd su ocjrag emcmstagc. Kjasás y Mcëgs sm gpgrmemd gccë y bghcgd ejd Ác< sm jym cg vjz `mc Vg`rm qum `aem9 –Mstm ms ka Baij gkg`j,  \…[ g ác jë`‛  (Kgtmj 7?9=). 7?9=). Vm`rj, Ugdtagoj y Iugd dj jcva`grjd dudeg mstm mxtrgjr`adgraj gejdtmeakamdtj. Djsjtrjs tgkhaád pj`mkjs gprmd`mr `m ác. 7=8. ‐   ‐  Mc  Mc Ugcvg`jr9 Xmeaha`j  Bgy udg orgd goatgeaõd md Imrusgcád eugd`j mc prjnmtg y bgem`jr `m kacgorjs `m Ogcacmg sm gemreg g cg eau`g`, y orgd`ms kuctatu`ms sgcmd g rmeaharcm. Ác ms kçs qum ud prjnmtg y ud bgem`jr `m kacgorjs. Cjs gejdtmeakamdtjs `m msm orgd `ëg sm bghëgd prm`aebj ejd eamdtjs `m g÷js `m gdtmcgeaõd. ]djs `ëgs kçs tgr`m mc Um÷jr Imsùs ccjrg pjr Imrusgcád, pjrqum su omdtm y sus cë`mrms rmebgzgd su kmdsgim. ºXmebgzgrçs tù tgkhaád su hjd`g`: 7=5. ‐  Mc Ugcvg`jr9 Bg `m rmormsgr  Mc Um÷jr Imsùs sm `mserahm g së kaskj ejkj ud mspjsj qum vumcvm g ccmvgr g su mspjsg g egsg. Eugd`j pjr nad ccmoum mc `ëg, gcoudjs dj

27  

mstgrçd prmpgrg`js. ºMstgrçs mdtrm mccjs, j smrçs `m cjs qum mstád  prmpgrg`jss y vavgd mspmrgd`j  prmpgrg`j mspmrgd`j qum ccmoum msm orgd `ëg: `ëg:

7=0. ‐   ‐  Mc  Mc Ugcvg`jr9 Xmebgzg`j  Mc Um÷jr Imsùs `mserahm g dumstrj kud`j ejkj udg va÷g `m cg qum ud orupj `m cghrg`jrms vajcmdtjs y gvgraeajsjs sm bgd gpj`mrg`j. Vrm`aem qum msjs bjkhrms prjdtj cm kgtgrçd y geghgrçd su –gprjpageaõd‛ `m cg va÷g. Cg omdtm, md cg getugca`g`, pamdsg qum  pum`m gprjpagrsm `mc kud`j `m @ajs, pmrj su áxatj dj `urgrç kuebj tamkpj.  ‐  Mc  Mc Ugcvg`jr9 Grrmstg`j y ejd`mdg`j   7==. ‐  Um cm trgaeajdg ejd ud hmsj, sm cm iuzog `m djebm, ngcsjs tmstaojs cm egcukdagd y sm cm smdtmdeag pjr smr ccgkg`j mc Baij `m @ajs, ¡y mrg vmr`g`! Pamdm qum pgsgr pjr udg pgrj`ag `m iuaeaj. ]d `ëg cg satugeaõd smrç cg advmrsg, y bjkhrms y kuimrms tmd`rçd qum

ejkpgrmemr gdtm `m iuaeaj. Mc9 mc iuaeaj pùhcaej, y  iustj. Q cj qum ms su gùdtrjdj kçs kgrgvaccjsj9 kgrgvaccjsj Iumzsmrç kaskj yg bg bg pgog`j prmetj gog`j mc egstaoj md djkhrm `m tj`js gqumccjs qum `msmmd su kasmraejr`ag.

7=>. ‐   ‐  Mc  Mc Ugcvg`jr9 Umdtmdeag`j  –Ugcvgd g ud gsmsadj, y sgeranaegd gc Gutjr `m cg va`g‛. ºWuá cjeurg ccmvg g msg omdtm g mxaoar cg erueanaxaõd `mc Um÷jr `m ocjrag: º@m quaád num cg eucpg `m qum Imsùs kuramrg: Bgy vgrags rmspumstgs g mstg prmoudtg, pmrj, pjr mdeakg `m tj`gs mccgs, mstç mc bmebj `m qum Imsùs pusj su va`g pjr sus –jvmigs‛ (en. Iugd 7697=). 7697=). ºPm ejdkumvm tgdtj gkjr:  ‐  Mc  Mc Ugcvg`jr9 Erueanaeg`j  7=?. ‐   Dj bghëg kgyjr `msbjdrg pgrg cjs iu`ëjs qum smr ejcog`j md ud çrhjc numrg `m cjs cëkatms `m cg eau`g`. Mc Um÷jr Imsùs sunrm mc ghgd`jdj `m su gkg`j Vg`rm bgstg qum pgoum mc prmeaj `m dumstrj  pmeg`j. ºVjr quá sjpjrtõ tgdtg gdoustag y `jcjr: ºWuá ejdsaouaõ

 pgrg djsjtrjs: djsjtrjs: ºEuçdtj cm `mhmd `mhmd sus baijs: ºWuá ºWuá pgcghrgs pgcghrgs pj`mkjs pj`mkjs mkpcmgr pgrg `grcm cgs orgeags:  ‐  Mc 7=2. ‐   Mc Ugcvg`jr9 Xmsueatg`j 

28  

Mc bmebj `m qum mc eumrpj kumrtj `mc Um÷jr sm bgyg ejcjeg`j md ud smpucerj `m pam`rg, y `m qum sm cm bgyg `mig`j gccë eustj`ag`j, bgem qum g cjs `aseëpucjs cms rmsuctm `anëeac ermmr cgs pgcghrgs `mc çdomc9 –Dj mstç gquë, pums bg rmsueatg`j‛ (Kgtmj  (Kgtmj 829>). 829>). Vmrj, `mspuás `m gpgrmemrsm g kuebgs pmrsjdgs, md kuebgs jegsajdms, md ud eumrpj rmgc, tj`js tamdmd ecgrj qum Imsùs ms mc Ugcvg`jr rmsueatg`j, mc Baij `m @ajs. Bghëg pmcmg`j y ogdg`j cg hgtgccg ejdtrg mc pmeg`j, cg kumrtm y mcg ermmr: Adnamrdj pgrg tj`j su pumhcj. ºVjr quá smouar dmoçd`jdjs

7=1. ‐   ‐   Mc Ugcvg`jr9 Ms vmr`g`mrgkmdtm mc Baij `m @ajs (Xmpgsj)  Cg omdtm saoum bghcgd`j `m Erastj ejkj sa numrg ud sakpcm bjkhrm. Gcoudjs supumstjs erastagdjs eras tagdjs gdgcazgd quá gspmetjs `m su mdsm÷gdzg  pum`md gemptgr, akgoadgd`j akgoadgd`j dmeagkmdtm dmeagkmdtm qum su kmdtm mstghg cakatg`g pjr cg m`uegeaõd y mc ejdjeakamdtj `m gqumccjs tamkpjs. ºDjs bg ejdvmdea`j mc rmcgtj `m Kgtmj `m qum mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj mrg cg smoud`g pmrsjdg `m cg @avada`g`, mc Ugcvg`jr gdtm mc eugc ud `ëg sm `jhcgrç tj`g rj`accg:  Adtrj`ueeaõd g cg smram pgrg cjs kgmstrjs 

Gdtms `m ejkmdzgr mstg smram, cjs kgmstrjs `mhmrëgd vjcvmr g cmmr, `m Mdsm÷gdzgs pgrg tj`g cg va`g 5,  cg –Adtrj`ueeaõd g cg smram pgrg cjs kgmstrjs‛ qum gpgrmem gc pradeapaj `m cg smram tatucg`g –Mvgdomcaj smoùd U. Kgtmj‛ (Vrakmrg pgrtm) (pp.  (pp. 885 ― 880). 880). MC UGC^G@JX9 EJDNMUG@J (7=6) 

Cg rmspumstg `m Vm`rj md Emsgrmg `m Nacapj   Kgtmj 7>975 ― 82 82  Vrjpõsatj9 Mstghcmemr mc msemdgraj `m cg smram ejd ud hrmvm rmpgsj `m cjs gspmetjs pradeapgcms `m cg va`g `m Erastj bgstg mc kjkmdtj md qum ccmoõ g Emsgrmg `m Nacapj, y rmtgr g cjs da÷js ejd cg kaskg  prmoudtg qum qum Ác bazj g sus ``aseëpucjs. aseëpucjs.

 Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd  25  

21)) y mkpamzg ]tacazg mc kgpg `mc ejkpcmkmdtj ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc ( en. E^ 0, p.  p. 21 rmpgsgd`j rçpa`gkmdtm cjs suemsjs ecgvm qum yg bmkjs vastj md mc Mvgdomcaj smoùd U. Kgtmj. Eg`g udj `m mccjs `mkjstrgrç qum Imsùs mrg –mc Erastj, mc Baij `mc @ajs vavamdtm‛ (Kgtmj 7>97>), 7>97>), mc Ugcvg`jr  prjkmta`j..  prjkmta`j

(7) Hmcád. G`gptgd`j cg prmoudtg g cg m`g` `m cg ecgsm, prmoudtg `õd`m dgeaõ Erastj. Xmeumr`g g cjs da÷js qum su dgeakamdtj bghëg sa`j ùdaej9 mrg baij `m udg varomd, pjrqum mrg mc Baij `m @ajs. Mxpcaeg qum, `mspuás `m buar g Moaptj md cjs pmcaorjsjs g÷js `mc rmadg`j `m Bmrj`ms, cjs pg`rms pg`r ms `m Imsùs vjcvamrjd vjcvamrj d ejd Ác g su eau`g` dgtgc, Dgzgrmt, md cg prjvadeag `m Ogcacmg.

(8) Ogcacmg.  Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm cjs mxtrgjr`adgrajs gejdtmeakamdtjs `m cjs qum bgd jë`j bghcgr, qum jeurramrjd md mstg rmoaõd `mc Djrtm (mstj pum`m bgemrsm pjr km`aj `m prmoudtgs). Umoùd cg m`g` `m cg ecgsm, kmdeajdg eamrtjs gejdtmeakamdtjs gejdtmeakamdtjs ecgvm9 (g) Cjs kacgorjs9 Imsùs sgdõ g mdnmrkjs y `asegpgeatg`js, egckõ cg tmkpmstg`, cmvgdtõ `m cjs kumrtjs g cg baig `m Igarj, gcakmdtõ g cjs eadej kac, mte. (h) Cg mdsm÷gdzg `mc Um÷jr Imsùs, qum `mighg hjquaghamrtgs g adkmdsgs kuctatu`ms, y sus kgrgvaccjsgs pgrçhjcgs, tgd ccmdgs `m saodanaeg`j y gc kaskj tamkpj tgd smdeaccgs, qum sm÷gcghgd cg dmemsa`g` `m pmr`õd y `m udg dumvg va`g ejkj ùdaej egkadj gc Eamcj. (e) Cg jpjsaeaõd `m cjs kadastrjs prjnmsajdgcms y `mc ecmrj ‐  ecmrj  ‐ cjs cjs mserahgs y cjs ngrasmjs ‐   g cg mdsm÷gdzg `m Erastj, pjrqum mstm `mighg gc `mseuhamrtj su bapjermsëg y cms quatghg smoua`jrms. (`) Cg pjpucgra`g` `m Imsùs mdtrm mc pumhcj, qum, md cjs tamkpjs gdtmrajrms g cg gpgraeaõd `m cg tmcmvasaõd y g cg km`aeadg kj`mrdg, egkadghgd lacõkmtrjs pgrg mseuebgrcm y pgrg qum cjs sgdgrg.

(5) Emsgrmg `m Nacapj.  Kumstrg g cjs da÷js eõkj, `mspuás `m gqumccjs `ëgs md qum Imsùs bghëg mstg`j tgd jeupg`j, mc Um÷jr sm rmtarõ g mstm cuogr, `jd`m pj`ëg bghcgr g sjcgs ejd sus `aseëpucjs. Cg

 prakmrg prmoudtg prmoudtg qum cms bazj num9 ºWuaád `aemd cjs bjkhrms qum 7>975). ). Cjs `aseëpucjs cm ms mc Baij `mc Bjkhrm:‛ (Kgtmj 7>975 20  

adnjrkgrjd `m qum kuebjs pmdsghgd qum Ác `mhëg `m smr Iugd mc Hgutastg, Mcëgs, Imrmkëgs j gcoùd jtrj prjnmtg. Mstg mrg cg njrkg kçs ejkùd `m mxpcaegr cjs mxtrgjr`adgrajs pj`mrms `mc baij `mc egrpadtmrj `m Dgzgrmt, qum ms mc ejdemptj qum tmdëgd `m Ác. Mstgs mxpcaegeajdms cms mvatghgd tmdmr qum mdnrmdtgrsm g jtrg kçs jhvag9 qum Ác mrg mc Kmsëgs prjkmta`j. (g) –ºQ vjsjtrjs, ºquaád `meës qum sjy:‛. 

Vmrj cumoj mc

Ugcvg`jr `araoaõ cg prmoudtg bgeag cjs `aseëpucjs kaskjs, `aeamd`j9 –Q vjsjtrjs, ºquaád `meës qum sjy: (Kgtmj 7>97= 7>97=). ). ¡Wuá prmoudtg! ºVum`m akgoadgrsm cg ecgsm eõkj smrëg sa mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj cms  prmoudtgrgg md msg njrkg tgd `armetg: Msg ms cg orgd prmoudtg qum  prmoudtgr tj`js tmd`rmkjs qum rmspjd`mr gcoùd `ëg. Vamdsg md gcoudgs `m cgs rmspumstgs qum cg omdtm sumcm `gr md cg getugca`g`. Gcoudjs pamdsgd qum Erastj num udj `m cjs kgyjrms cë`mrms rmcaoajsjs qum bg bgha`j md mc kud`j. Gcoudjs `aemd qum num ud humd bjkhrm qum djs `miõ g tj`js ud mimkpcj`g`my kgdsm`ukhrm. Jtrjs qum ejdsa`mrgd qum num udg  pmrsjdg ejdnud`a`g ejdnud`a `áhac. Bgy gcoudjs da saquamrg sm bgd  pgrg`j g km`atgr km`atgr smragkmd smragkmdtm tm md cg prmoudtg. prmoudtg.

(h) ºWuá rmspjd`aõ Vm`rj: @mserahm eõkj Uakõd Vm`rj, qum tgdtgs vmems getughg ejkj pjrtgvjz `m cjs `jem `aseëpucjs, `aj su rmspumstg md njrkg ecgrg, prmeasg y sad vgeacgr9 –Pù mrms mc Erastj, 7>97>). ). Bghëgd ccmog`j g cg mc Baij `mc @ajs vavamdtm‛   (Kgtmj 7>97> ejdecusaõd `m qum Imsùs dj mrg jtrj sadj mc Baij `m @ajs, mc Ugcvg`jr  prjkmta`j `ms`m mc pradeapaj `mcqum kud`j. Mc Um÷jr Imsùs qum mstg ejdvaeeaõd vmr`g`mrg, su Vg`rm emcmstagc cm `aij bghëgg Vm`rj `g`j, mrg mc kmijr ejdjeakamdtj qum pj`ëg bghmr rmeaha`j. Vm`rj num mc  prakmrj md gnarkgrcj ghamrtgkmdtm ghamrtgkmdtm y sad gvmrojdzgrsm, gvmrojdzgrsm, pmrj kuebjs jtrjs tgkhaád cj bgrëgd `mspuás.

(e) ºEõkj ejkmdzõ cg Aocmsag: Mstg tjtgc ejdnagdzg md mc Um÷jr Imsùs ejkj Ugcvg`jr y @ajs smrëg mc pudtj `m pgrta`g (cg rjeg, mc nud`gkmdtj) `m tj`js cjs erastagdjs md cjs g÷js vmda`mrjs. Ujcj  pj`ëgd gsmoud`g qumccjs qum, ejkj`mVm`rj, ermymrgd Imsùs mrg mc Baij `m @ajs,smrcggqumccjs pmrsjdg cg Prada`g`, mc qum Ugcvg`jr prjkmta`j `ms`m mc pradeapaj `m cjs tamkpjs y g cj cgroj `m tj`j mc Gdtaouj

Pmstgkmdtj, quamdms pj`rëgd pmrtmdmemrcm vmr`g`mrgkmdtm y 2=  

ejdstatuar su Aocmsag. Ujhrm msg rjeg narkm, ms `mear, cg nm md Erastj, mc Um÷jr arëg rmudamd`j g pmrsjdgs `m tj`gs cgs ápjegs, y `m tj`g tamrrg y dgeaõd, pgrg njrkgr su Aocmsag. Dadoùd mdmkaoj pj`rëg `mstruarcg, da saquamrg cgs pjtmstg`ms `mc Adnamrdj. 8666 kçs tgr`m vmkjs euçd vmr`g`mrgs bgd rmsuctg`j smr msgs pgcghrgs. G pmsgr `m tj`g cg jpjsaeaõd y pmrsmeueaõd qum sm bg cmvgdtg`j g trgvás `m cjs saocjs, kaccjdms `m pmrsjdgs gcrm`m`jr `mc kud`j ejdjemd y gkgd g`mErastj, Nacapj.ermymd`j md Ác mxgetgkmdtm aougc qum Vm`rj md Emsgrmg

Cgs ccgvms `mc Xmadj. Vrmoudtg g cg ecgsm sa sus pg`rms yg ejdnëgd md mccjs bgstg mc pudtj `m bghmrcms `g`j su prjpag ccgvm `m egsg. Ms udg sm÷gc `m ejdnagdzg eugd`j ccmog msm `ëg md qum cjs g`uctjs ejdsa`mrgd qum mc kuebgebj tamdm cg sunaeamdtm rmspjdsghaca`g` ejkj pgrg tmdmr udg ccgvm `m cg pumrtg `m egsg y dj pmr`mrcg. @mserahm eõkj, md cjs tamkpjs `m cg Hahcag, mc imnm `m cjs samrvjs, j mc kgyjr`jkj, mrg gcgquaád pmrsjdg g quamd sm ejdnaghgd `m cg cg egsg. Vj`ëg `mea`ar sm pj`ëg rmeahar y g quaádcgs dj.ccgvms Kumstrg kgdmrg ejkj mstj mimkpcanaeg cgs pgcghrgs `m Erastj g Vm`rj. Md cjs g÷js saouamdtms sm cm mdejkmd`grëg g Vm`rj y g cjs `mkçs Gpõstjcms cg prm`aegeaõd `m mstm kmdsgim rm`mdtjr `m Erastj ejkj Ugcvg`jr,  prakmrj g cjs iu`ëjs (en.  Bmebjs 8970 8970)) y `mspuás g cjs omdtacms (en.  76). ). Uu kmdsgim, prakmrj prm`aeg`j y cumoj ejkj pgrtm `m Bmebjs 76 cgs Mseraturgs, ghrarëg mc Xmadj `m @ajs g kaccjdms qum ejdnagrëgd md qum Erastj cjs sgcvgsm. Mc Um÷jr g`vartaõ g sus `aseëpucjs qum, pjr mc kjkmdtj, ougr`gsmd mc –smermtj‛ `m su vmr`g`mrg a`mdta`g` ejkj Kmsëgs. Vjr gbjrg, eugd`j cgs kuctatu`ms sm gemregsmd, `mhëgd vmr sus kacgorjs, mseuebgr sus mdsm÷gdzgs, y ccmogr pjr së sjcgs g cg kaskg ejdecusaõd. @m kjkmdtj, cjs `aseëpucjs dj `mhëgd `mearcm g dg`am qum Imsùs mrg mc Erastj, pjrqum mstj cms gegrrmgrëg udg numrtm  pmrsmeueaõd pjr pgrtm `m cjs cë`mrms iu`ëjs, eugd`j md cjs kmsms saouamdtms tmdëgd gùd kuebgs ejsgs pjr gprmd`mr, ejsgs qum dmemsatgrëgd pgrg cg jhrg y cg mdsm÷gdzg qum bghrëgd `m `msgrrjccgr md mc nuturj.

2>  

E^ 0 ―  Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc pgrg cg cmeeaõd 7=69 –Mc Ugcvg`jr9 Ejdnmsg`j‛  

2?  

(0) Imrusgcád9 (g) Cjs pcgdms `m cjs `aseëpucjs.   Vm`rj bghëg ccmog`j g cg ejdecusaõd kçs akpjrtgdtm `mc kud`j, pmrj gbjrg mc Um÷jr Imsùs tmdëg qum mdsm÷grcm cmeeajdms `anëeacms. Vm`rj akgoadghg qum smr mc Baij `m @ajs akpcaegrëg orgd`mzg y ocjrag. Ác y cjs `mkçs `aseëpucjs supjdëgd qum mc Um÷jr rmavad`aegrëg prjdtj su Xmadj y gnarkgrëg su pj`mr md Imrusgcád, cg egpatgc. Akgoadghgd qum mccjs rmeaharëgd pjsaeajdms pjsaea jdms `m pravacmoaj md msm Xmadj (en. Kgtmj 86986 ― 8>). 8>). (h) Mc pcgd `mc Ugcvg`jr. Md vmz `m mstj, mc Um÷jr Imsùs ejkmdzõ ejkmd zõ g adnjrkgrcms `m qum, md mnmetj, tmdëgd qum ar g Imrusgcád, pmrj gccë Ác sunrarëg erumckmdtm `m kgdjs `m cjs cë`mrms rmcaoajsjs y cm kgtgrëgd, pmrj rmsueatgrëg. Vm`rj sm bjrrjrazõ y tjkõ g Imsùs gpgrtm  pgrg mxprmsgrcm euçdtj ghjrrmeëg cg a`mg. Mstj mrg cj ùctakj qum `msmghg qum cm jeurramsm g cg pmrsjdg `m quamd ác tmdëg ud ejdemptj tgd gctj, y gsë sm cj `aij. Md msm kjkmdtj, mc Um÷jr Imsùs sm vjcvaõ bgeag y cm md ccgkõ ºUghm gcg Imsùs ecgsm pjr bghrëgVm`rj `m kgcj qum –Ugtgdçs‛. adtmdtgrg sgcvgr `mc quá: `jcjr ºWuá y mc sunrakamdtj:

(e) Mc pcgd `m @ajs Vg`rm. Gyu`g g cg ecgsm pgrg qum vmg qum mc orgd prjpõsatj `m @ajs gc mdvagr g su Baij (ejsg tgdtgs vmems  prm`aebg md mc Gdtaouj Pmstgkmdtj, md njrkg mspmeagckmdtm ecgrg md cjs sgeranaeajs `mc Vmdtgtmuej, y md Asgëgs) mrg qum Imsùs jnrmeamrg su va`g md sgeranaeaj pjr dumstrjs pmeg`js. @m bghmr bgha`j jtrg njrkg pmr`jdgr g cjs pmeg`jrms, @ajsmccgpmrnmetj bghrëg mcmoa`j, pmrj dumstrj`mpmeg`j mrg tgd jnmdsavj qum sjcj Baij `m @ajs  pj`ëg hjrrgrcj pgogd`j mc prmeaj prmeaj pjr djsjtrjs djsjtrjs y bgeaád`jdjs bgeaád`jdjs cahrms. Uuomrar qum `mhëg mvatgr mstg `urg prumhg smrëg nrustrgr y kgcjorgr cg vjcudtg` `m @ajs.

(`) Mc pcgd `m Ugtgdçs. Imsùs mxpcaeõ qum mc pcgd `m Vm`rj `m sgcvgrcm `mc rmebgzj y cg kumrtm smrëg `gr vmdtgig g Ugtgdçs, gsmourgrsm `m qum dadoùd pmeg`jr numrg cahrm igkçs `m su pj`mr, `m qum mc kgcXmeumr`g traudngrg `m qum sm mxgetgkmdtm qum`grg sad rm`mdeaõd. Xmeumr` g g cgy ecgsm qum dumstrj mc Um÷jr kud`j Imsùs sghëg cj qum `mhëg jeurrarcm eugd`j num g Imrusgcád. Num g cg Eruz `mc

Egcvgraj sghamd`j cj qum bgeëg y vjcudtgragkmdtm. 22  

(m) ]d pcgd mcmoa`j. Ms pjsahcm qum cjs da÷js bgygd jë`j qum mc Um÷jr dj sm mspmrghg su grrmstj, da su akpjpucgra`g`, y qum su kumrtm num ud rmvás admspmrg`j pgrg su pcgd. Gqumccjs qum `aemd mstj dj bgd cmë`j dudeg sus hahcags ejd gtmdeaõd, `m cj ejdtrgraj, sjcj ejd mstm pgsgim, sm bghrëgd `g`j eumdtg `m qum cg rmgca`g` mrg tj`j cj jpumstj. Dumstrj Ugcvg`jr, mc Baij `m @ajs, sghëg tj`gs cgs ejsgs qum cm ahgd g jeurrar. ¡Euçdtj `mhm `m bghmrdjs gkg`j pgrg sjpjrtgr `jcjr cg gdoustag smr qumsgcvg`js cm mspmrghgd y `araoarsm bgeag Imrusgcádmcpgrg qumypu`aásmkjs y rm`aka`js `m dumstrj  pmeg`j!

(n) ]d pcgd g smouar. @mhmkjs emrrgr cg cmeeaõd rmejr`gd`j g cg ecgsm qum, gdtms `m qum mc Um÷jr sm mdegkadgrg bgeag Imrusgcád, ejkmdzõ g g`vmrtar g sus `aseëpucjs `m qum, sa qumrëgd smouarcm, `mhëgd mstgr tgkhaád prmpgrg`js pgrg jcva`grsm `m së kaskjs y `m sus gkhaeajdms, y mstgr `aspumstjs g sunrar ejd Ác. Md jtrgs pgcghrgs, `mhëgd tjkgr su eruz y mstgr `aspumstjs g rmdudeagr g së kaskjs. Vrmoudtg g cjs da÷js sa mstgrëgd `aspumstjs g smouar gc Ugcvg`jr md msgs ejd`aeajdms. @a g cg ecgsm qum cjs qum ejdnagrjd md Ác dj qum`grjd `mempeajdg`js. Q g`mkçs vamrjd ud gtashj `m su ocjrag (ejkj `mseuhrarmkjs cg prõxakg smkgdg), y tgkhaád su rmsurrmeeaõd. Xmeahamrjd mc pmr`õd y udg va`g dumvg. Gud `mspuás `m qum Ác rmormsgrg gc Eamcj, saouamrjd ejdjeamd`j su kgrgvaccjsj  pj`mr, `m kgdmrg qum bgstg md km`aj `m cgs `anaeuctg`ms `anaeuctg`ms pu`amrjd rmojeaigrsm (en. 7 Vm`rj 795 ― >). Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc  21  \Akçomdms \Akçomdms `m cgs cçkadgs pgrg ccmvgr g egsg[. En. E^ 0, p.  p. 21

E^ Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 21  

MC UGC^G@JX9 EJDNAXKG@J (7=7)  Cg trgdsnaourgeaõd  Kgtmj 7?97 ― 12 ‐   `ëgs `mc Um÷jr Imsùs (mc kgpg `m Dmbmkëgs ‐  Dmbmkëgs  ‐ en.  pj`rëg g`gptgrsm pgrg mstg cmeeaõd). gyu`grç g qumG÷g`m cjs da÷js vmgd mstjs gejdtmeakamdtjs ejd cjs Mstj jijs `m su kmdtm. cjs tëtucjs `m cjs gpgrtg`js `m cg cmeeaõd md cjs cuogrms g`meug`js.

MC UGC^G@JX9 BG @M XMOXMUGX (7=5)  Cg pgrçhjcg `m cgs @amz vëromdms   56 ― 2). 8>).g÷js Mstmkçs ms jtrj gspmetj euyj  prjnmtgs ngcsjsdg`am (en. Kgtmj 80977 eukpcakamdtj `aseutarëg egsa tgr`m. Ad`aeg g cg ecgsm qum dj sjcj sm eukpcaõ catmrgckmdtm cg prm`aeeaõd prm`aee aõd `m Erastj ejd rmspmetj gc Pmkpcj, sadj tgkhaád mstgs prjnmeëgs g cgroj pcgzj. Gc ejdtrgraj `m cj qum kuebjs mspmrghgd, tj`gs sm bgd eukpca`j md njrkg kgdanamstg m adejdtmstghcm. Pgkhaád sm bazj rmgca`g` su prm`aeeaõd `m qum cgs kjdtg÷gs `m Iu`mg smrëgd ud rmnuoaj smourj `jd`m cjs erastagdjs pj`rëgd msejd`mrsm eugd`j ccmogrgd cjsprjnmeëg gkmdgzg`jrms `mctamkpj ?6 `. (E. sm) 87980) eukpcaõ cg qum `ajsuemsjs md gqumc en.  Gsakaskj Cuegs 87980

gemreg `m cg orgd bjstaca`g` qum sunrarëg mc pumhcj iu`ëj `m pgrtm `m cgs jtrgs dgeajdms, bgstg mc nadgc `m cjs tamkpjs. 768  

(5) Jtrj vgtaeadaj kuy akpjrtgdtm.  G ejdtadugeaõd, saoum rgzjdgd`j ejd cjs da÷js qum, sa mc Um÷jr Imsùs bg `mkjstrg`j smr tgd prmeasj md su prm`aeeaõd `m msjs gejdtmeakamdtjs y tmd`mdeags qum yg sm bgd eukpca`j, ºdj `mhmrëgkjs ejdnagr md sus pgcghrgs ejd rmspmetj g cjs suemsjs qum mstçd gùd pjr eukpcar md mc nuturj: Cg kçs akpjrtgdtm `m mstgs num su prjkmsg `m qum Ác, mc Baij `mc Bjkhrm, vjcvmrëg g cg Pamrrg md udg njrkg mspmetgeucgr ( en. Kgtmj 8098?qum  ― 57), 57su ), `m kj`j ^mda`g qum dg`am pu`amrg pmr`ársmcg. Uad mkhgroj, `aij Umoud`g tjkgrëg g kuebjs `msprmvmda`js< dj mstgrëgd prmpgrg`js prmpg rg`js md ghsjcutj pgrg mc orgd `ëg bgeag mc qum dumstrj kud`j sm prmeapatg. Kargd`j bgeag msm tamkpj nuturj, mc Um÷jr Imsùs cj `mserahaõ md udg `m sus mxtrgjr`adgrags pgrçhjcgs  ‐ `m `m kgdmrg kuy sakpcm,  pmrj, gc kaskj tamkpj, kuy prjnud`g ‐ , qum egpturg cg msemdg md udg njrkg kuy hmccg. Uu njrkg `m prmsmdtgrcg bgem qum tj`js djs  prmoudtmk  prmoudtmkjs9 js9 ºMstgrá prmpgrg` j pgrg mcngtugs rmormsj`m`mc Imsùs: ºKm mdejdtrgrç ejkjprmpgrg`j g cgs vëromdms cgsUm÷jr qum bghcg: ºMspmrj su rmormsj ejd akpgeamdeag, j tmkj cg ccmog`g `m msm `ëg y mspmrj ejdtrg mspmrgdzg qum dudeg ccmoum:

765  

 Grrahg9 E^ = ―  Ejkpcmkmdtj  Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc pgrg cg cmeeaõd  cmeeaõd 7=7   Ghgij9 E^ > ―  Ejkpcmkmdtj  Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc pgrg cg cmeeaõd  cmeeaõd 7=5 

Vrjsaoum ejd cg pgrçhjcg `m cgs @amz vëromdms md cg njrkg saouamdtm9 760  

(g) Cgs hj`gs sjd hj`gs md tj`j mc kud`j9 jegsajdms kçs qum gcmorms md cgs qum pgramdtms y gkaojs sm rmùdmd pgrg smr tmstaojs `m cg nmcaz udaõd `m ud bjkhrm y udg kuimr pgrg tj`g cg va`g. Vrmoudtg g cg ecgsm gemreg `m cjs `mtgccms pradeapgcms qum mspmrgrëgd vmr md udg hj`g9 cg hmccg djvag, cjs vjtjs sjcmkdms, cjs rmogcjs, cgs emcmhrgeajdms, emcmhrgeajd ms, mte. (h) Cgs `anmrmdeags eucturgcms gnmetgd g cg  njrkg, pmrj dj g cg sustgdeag `m cgs emcmhrgeajdms `m kgtrakjdaj. Md mstm egsj md  pgrtaeucgr, pgrtm `m cjs prjem`akamdtjs prjem`akamdtjs tmdëgd tmdëgd cuogr cuogr pjr cg djebm djebm (sm dmemsatghgd cçkpgrgs). Cg ejstukhrm mrg qum mc mspjsj rmejoamrg g cg djvag `m cg egsg `m mstg y qum cg ejd`uimsm md prjemsaõd rj`mg`g `m gdtjrebgs bgstg su prjpag egsg, `jd`m tmdëgd cuogr mc hgdqumtm y cgs emcmhrgeajdms. emcmhrgeajdms. (e) Cg djvag y su pgrmig bghëgd mspmrg`j msm `ëg prjhghcmkmdtm `urgdtm vgrajs g÷js. Mxpcaeg qum, md gqumccjs `ëgs, cg djvag vavëg  pgrg mc `ëg md qum, pjr nad, pu`amrg mstgr g sjcgs ejd su qumra`j mspjsj. Bghrëgd pgsg`j kuebgs smkgdgs (y bgstg g÷js) prmpgrgd`j mc giugr pgrg su dumvj bjogr. Md cjs tamkpjs md qum cgs kuimrms gùd dj trghgighgd ad`mpmd`amdtmkmdtm, sjcj pj`ëgd mspmrgr rmgcazgrsm md mc kgtrakjdaj, ejd tj`gs cgs gcmorëgs y tgrmgs qum ejdccmvghg. Cg  hj`g md së mrg udg jegsaõd kuy mspmrg`g pjr tj`js. Md udg ápjeg md qum dj bghëg tmcmvasaõd, tmcmvasa õd, da vë`mjs da vagims, cg va`g pj`ëg sm smrr kuy ghurra`g. Cg hj`g md së mrg ud getj qum sm mspmrghg ejd gdsag, y cjs kmtaeucjsjs prmpgrgtavjs sm bgeëgd`astgdeags ejd vgrajs kmsms `m gdtmcgeaõd. Cjs ngkacagrms rmejrrëgd orgd`ms y sm qum`ghgd `urgdtm `ëgs md mc cuogr pgrg pj`mr mstgr prmsmdtms md msjs gcmorms gejdtmeakamdtjs gejdtmeakamd tjs ngkacagrms. Umr mcmoa`g ejkj `jdemccg pgrg gtmd`mr g cg djvag mrg tj`j ud bjdjr.

(`) Cgs `jdemccgs dmocaomdtms `m cg djvag.  Mxpcaeg cg adermëhcm adsmdsgtmz `m cgs eadej `jdemccgs `m cg djvag qum gsastamrjd g mstg  hj`g sad rmsmrvg `m gematm pgrg sus cçkpgrgs. Eugcquamrg bghrëg tjkg`j prmegueaõd `m ccmvgr gematm tgd `m rmsmrvg cg md sakpcm eugcquamr `ëg djrkgc, pmrj,udgmdvgsaig udg `m jegsaõd

akpjrtgdtm,, mrg mspmeagckmdtm akpjrtgdtm mspmeagckmdtm vatgc. 76=  

(m) Cg ccmog`g `mc mspjsj. Eumdtg g cg ecgsm cj qum jeurraõ9 mc rmtrgsj `mc mspjsj (md gqumccjs `ëgs prakatavjs md cjs qum cg `urgeaõd `m ud vagim mrg akprmvasahcm), mc sum÷j `m cgs `amz `jdemccgs (sad `u`g sm bghëgd cmvgdtg`j tmkprgdj pjr cg mkjeaõd `mc orgd `ëg), cg ccmog`g `mc djvaj g km`agdjebm, mc pçdaej `m cgs eadej gc `grsm eumdtg `m su dmem`g`, su kgrebg md huseg `m gematm, mc ejkamdzj `m cgs emcmhrgeajdms, mc eamrrm `m cg pumrtg, cg ccmog`g `mkgsag`j `mdmogrsm cgs eadej `jdemccgs ngtugs, cg cgs cçorakgs `m tgr`m mstgs gc mc mspjsj g rmejdjemrcgs rmejdjemr cgsgdoustag g pmsgr `my sus oratjs `msmspmrg`js, y cg hrmvm, pmrj ecgrg gpcaegeaõd qum bgem mc Um÷jr Imsùs9 –^mcg`, pums, pjrqum dj sgháas mc `ëg da cg bjrg md qum mc Baij `mc Bjkhrm bg `m vmdar‛ (Kgtmj 8=975). 8=975).

Mc kmdsgim `m cg pgrçhjcg. Umoùd cg m`g` `m cg ecgsm, bgz gcoudg `m cgs saouamdtms gpcaegeajdms9 (g) Erastj, mc Mspjsj9  mc kgrgvaccjsj bmebj `m qum mc Baij `m @ajs vmg su rmormsj g dumstrg Pamrrg ejkj gcoj ejkpgrghcm g ud mspjsj qum vamdm g rmejomr g su gkg`g djvag. G pmsgr `m dumstrg rmhmc`ëg m ad`aoda`g` g sus jijs, djs gkg y ejdsa`mrg g tj`js cjs qum bgd sjkmta`j su va`g g Ác, y sm bgd grrmpmdta`j `m su pmeg`j, ejkj su gkg`g djvag. Ác mdtrmoõ su prjpag va`g pgrg sgcvgrdjs y  pgrg `mvjcvmrdjs `mvjcvmrdjs mstg kgrgvaccjsg kgrgvaccjsg pjsaeaõd. Wuamrm qum mspmrmkjs su ^mda`g ejd mxpmetgeaõd y gdsag. (h) º8666 g÷js `m rmtrgsj:  Gc vmr qum sm –rmtrgsg‛, –rmtrgsg‛, cjs adejdvmrsjs `gd pjr smdtg`j qum dj vmd`rç dudeg j, gc kmdjs, sm ejkpjrtgd ejkj sa dj buhamsm prjhghaca`g` gcoudg `m ud rmormsj adkadmdtm `mc Um÷jr. –Bgogkjs cj qum qumrgkjs ‐ `aemd `aemd ‐   ejkgkjs, hmhgkjs y gcmorákjdjs, supjdogkjs qum cg kumrtm ms mc nadgc y qum dj bgy `ëg `m iuaeaj da ejrrmkjs mc ramsoj `m ar gc Adnamrdj‛. Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum 8666 g÷js pum`m pgrmemrdjs kuebj tamkpj, pmrj g cjs jijs `m @ajs ms ejkj dg`g ( en.  8 Vm`rj 592). 592 ). (e) Cg dmem`g` `m cjs qum sm `migd ejdvmdemr pjr mstm pudtj `m vastg eëdaej. Kargd`j cg Pamrrg `ms`m cgs gcturgs, mc Um÷jr `mhm `m

 pmdsgr eõkj ms pjsahcm qum cjs bjkhrms smgd tgd `mseua`g`js y dmeajs ejd sus gckgs mtmrdgs y pamr`gd cg jpjrtuda`g` `mc ojzj 76>  

mtmrdj. Dj sjcj sm cms `mserahm ejkj dmeajs, sadj ejkj eucpghcms =7). (en. Kgtmj 80902 ― =7).

(`) Cg ermmdeag md udg sgcvgeaõd udavmrsgc  ms cg supjsaeaõd, aougckmdtm dmeag, `m qum, sa Erastj ms rmgc, y dj mstgkjs prmpgrg`js  pgrg mdejdtrgrdjs mdejdtrgrdjs ejd Ác eugd`j vumcvg, mdtjdems pj`rmkjs pj`rmkjs mdejdtrgr gcoudg sjcueaõd md mc ùctakj kjkmdtj. Cgs eadej vëromdms, sad `u`g, pmdsgrjd qum mdejdtrgrëgd gcoudg njrkg `m sgcar `mc gpurj sa cgs mdejdtrghgd `msprmvmda`gs. Kuebjs –erastagdjs‛ akgoadgd qum tj`js smrçd sgcvjs gc nadgc, sad akpjrtgr eõkj bgygd trgtg`j gc Um÷jr, pmrj mstg pgrçhjcg mdsm÷g cj ejdtrgraj. Cg g`vmrtmdeag `m cg pgrçhjcg ms ecgrg. Gqumccjs g quamdms mc Um÷jr dj ejdjzeg y qum dj cm mstád mspmrgd`j eugd`j Ác vumcvg cgkmdtgrçd su mrrjr `mkgsag`j tgr`m. Um qum`grçd numrg `m su Xmadj. (m) Cg sgha`urëg `m cjs qum, ghrukg`js pjr mc pravacmoaj `m qum cms bgyg sa`j `g`j gkgr y smrvar (pjr cg ejdvmrsaõd) gc Xmy `m cjs eamcjs, sm prmpgrgd ejd orgd rmncmxaõd y eua`g`j pgrg mc `ëg `m su rmormsj. @mserahm g cjs erastagdjs ejkj cjs qum vavmd g cg cuz `m msm `ëg qum bg `m vmdar. Ujcj @ajs ejdjem cg nmebg, y mccjs dj `mhmrëgd ermmr g dg`am qum `aog qum cg ejdjem, ejkj bgd bmebj kuebgs smetgs smet gs mxtrg÷gs. Mc Um÷jr `aij qum vjcvmrëg g udg bjrg md qum dj djs cj 00). mspmrmkjs (en. Kgtmj 80908 ― 00). Vrmoudtg g cjs da÷js sa, eugd`j Erastj vmdog, j sa kumrmd gdtms `m qum ccmoum mc orgd `ëg, cms sjrprmd`mrç sjrprmd`mr ç ejkj g cgs vëromdms ngtugs qum dj mstghgd prmpgrg`gs. ºJ sjd `m cjs qum sm prmpgrgd pgrg msm orgd `ëg, husegd gc Ugcvg`jr y vavmd pgrg Ác ejd mc nad `m qum su ^mda`g smg cg mxtrgjr`adgrag rmudaõd qum tgdtj bgd `msmg`j: Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 

Um pum`md utacazgr njtjs `m hj`gs y `m `gkgs `m bjdjr (en. E^ >, p. 76= 76=)) qum acustrmd cgs a`mgs qum sm bgd sm÷gcg`j gc pradeapaj `m cg cmeeaõd.

E^ Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 76?  

MC UGC^G@JX9 XMEBGYG@J (7=0)  Cg pgrçhjcg `m cjs Cghrg`jrms kgcvg`js  Kgtmj 87985 ― 0> 0>  Vrjpõsatj9 @mkjstrgr mc pmrnmetj ejdjeakamdtj qum Imsùs tmdëg `m cjs gejdtmeakamdtjs nuturjs m adstgr g cjs da÷js g qum sm tjkmd md smraj cgs g`vmrtmdeags `mc Ugcvg`jr md eugdtj g cg pjsahaca`g` `m  pmr`mr cjs pravacmoajs pravacmoajs `m qqum um ojzgd md mc Mvgdomcaj. Mvgdomcaj.  Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd  Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj prm`aij qum cjs  pradeapgcms sgemr`jtms, gdeagdjs y mserahgs smrëgd rmspjdsghcms `m su kumrtm, bukgdgkmdtm bghcgd`j. Cjs da÷js `mhmrëgd rmejr`gr qum, md cg mdtrg`g traudngc `mc Ugcvg`jr md Imrusgcád, mccjs dj sm mdejdtrghgd mdtrm cgs kuctatu`ms qum cm `ghgd cg hamdvmda`g. Eugd`j kuebm`ukhrms, sm rmudamrjd pgrg vmr eõkjmstgs Erastj sgdghg g ejijsadecua`js y eamojs,cjs y gda÷js, mseuebgr su mdsm÷gdzg, msm kaskj orupj `m cë`mrms mxaoëg sghmr ejd quá gutjra`g` bgeëg msgs ejsgs. G vmems pgrmeëgd gkghcms y m`ueg`js ejd mc Um÷jr md  pùhcaej, pmrj md pravg`j ppcgdmghgd cgdmghgd su kumrtm. kumrtm. G kmdu`j cm bgeëgd prmoudtgs ejd cg ùdaeg adtmdeaõd sjrprmd`mrcm `aeamd`j gcoj acmogc (pgrg gsë `mdudeagrcm gdtm cgs gutjra`g`ms), j md gcoj qum vjcvamrg g cg omdtm md ejdtrg suyg y geghgrg ejd@ajs, su pjpucgra`g` cgs kuctatu`ms. Uad mkhgroj, Imsùs mrg pj`ëg vmrmdtrm `mdtrj `m sus ejrgzjdms, y ejkj sghëg mxgetgkmdtm cj qum pmdsghgd y pcgdmghgd (`mc kaskj kj`j qum ejdjem tj`j cj qum djsjtrjs pmdsgkjs y pcgdmgkjs bgemr). Md vmz `m mdnrmdtgrsm g mccjs egrg g egrg y geusgrcms pùhcaegkmdtm, prakmrj prakmrj ejdtõ udg pgrçhjcg md cg qum mxpjdëg cg kgc`g` `m sus pcgdms y cgs bjrrahcms ejdsmeumdeags `m cjs kaskjs, pgrg qum pu`amrgd egptgr cg g`vmrtmdeag y tuvamrgd udg jpjrtuda`g` `m grrmpmdtarsm. Ua mrgd eucpghcms `m msgs ejsgs, sm rmejdjemrëgd md cg pgrçhjcg< y `ms`m cumoj qum sm rmejdjeamrjd md mccg. Mc Um÷jr cms `aj tgkhaád cg jpjrtuda`g` `m iuzogr g cjs kgcjs `m cg pgrçhjcg. Vrmoudtõ9 –ºWuá

762  

bgrç g gqumccjs cghrg`jrms:‛ (Kgtmj (Kgtmj 87906). 87906). Gc rmspjd`mr, `aetgrjd su prjpag smdtmdeag. ]dg vmz pumstg cg pgrçhjcg md su ejdtmxtj, cjs da÷js qum`grçd akprmsajdg`js pjr cjs km`ajs qum mc Um÷jr mkpcmghg pgrg rmtgr y g`vmrtar g cjs qum sm jpjdëgd g Ác. Cm rmspmtgrçd tgkhaád pjr  prm`mear md njrkg tgd prmeasg cj qum cm mspmrghg, y sm smdtarçd `msgnag`js g ejdsa`mrgr sa sm a`mdtanaegd tgkhaád ejd cjs kgcjs `m su pgrçhjcg. Mc kátj`j. Uuomrakjs qum cjs kgmstrjs rmcgtmd tj`g cg pgrçhjcg gdtms `m gpcaegr su kmdsgim. Ejd cgs ecgsms `m cjs kçs kgyjrms, mc kgmstrj tmd`rç qum utacazgr su bghaca`g` pgrg ejdsmouar qum cjs da÷js ad`aqumd cj qum saodanaeghg cg pgrçhjcg ejd rmspmetj g cjs  iu`ëjs, pgrg cumoj gpcaegrcg g cjs dj ermymdtms `m dumstrj tamkpj (mstj ms pgrmea`j gc pcgd `m Dgtçd, qum pmrkataõ qum @gva` ejd`mdgrg gc orgdimrj raej `m su pgrçhjcg gdtms `m qum mc prjnmtg sm÷gcgrg qum @gva` mrg gqumc bjkhrm). Ejd cjs da÷js kçs pmqum÷js, smrëg kçs sghaj gpcaegr cg pgrçhjcg `armetgkmdtm g cg ecgsm, rmnaraád`jsm g cjs iu`ëjs sjcj `m pgsg`g. Ejkj suem`m ejd tj`gs cgs  pgrçhjcgs `m Erastj, Erastj, mc jhimtavj pradeapgc ms ejdsmouar ejdsmouar qum cjs cjs da÷js da÷js egptmd cg ecgvm pjr së kaskjs. Mstg pgrçhjcg mstç ccmdg `m `rgkgtaskj. Akgoadg qum gcoj gsë jeurramrg md dumstrj tamkpj. Gyu`g g cjs da÷js g smdtarsm ad`aodg`js ejd cg njrkg md qum cjs cghrg`jrms trgtgrjd gc `um÷j `m cg va÷g.

(7) Mc `um÷j `m cg va÷g.  Gcoudjs `m cjs imnms `m cgs orgd`ms mkprmsgs `m bjy g vmems bgd ejdsmoua`j cgs pjsaeajdms tgd hamd rmtrahua`gs qum tamdmd pgsçd`jsm `m udg ejkpg÷ëg g jtrg, pmrj, g `anmrmdeag `m mccjs, mc `um÷j `m mstg va÷g bghëg `m`aeg`j tj`g su va`g g trghgigr pgrg qum msg va÷g mstuvamsm ejkj sm mdejdtrghg. Cg bghëg pcgdtg`j, cg bghëg prjtmoa`j m`anaegd`j ud ejstjsj kurj gcrm`m`jr `m mccg, y cg bghëg `jtg`j `m ud cgogr. G`mkçs bghëg adeurra`j md mc ogstj `m cmvgdtgr udg tjrrm gctg `ms`m cg qum ud ougr`ag `m smoura`g` pj`ëg sa vmdëgd cg`rjdms vçd`gcjs. Mstg bmrkjsg va÷g bghëg sa`jvaoacgr pcgdtg`g, sad `u`g, ejd cgsj empgs kçs

smcmetgs, y mrg udg `mcaeag pgrg cjs cghrg`jrms mkpcmg`js gccë. 761  

(8) Cjs cghrg`jrms kgcvg`js. @mserahm cj ejdtmdtjs qum bghëgd mstg`j mstjs bjkhrms gc pradeapaj pjr bghmr grrmd`g`j udg va÷g tgd nruetënmrg y gorg`ghcm md cg qum sm hmdmnaeagrëgd `m cjs trghgijs `mc `um÷j y `mc áxatj `m su mkprmsg. @mspuás `m ud tamkpj, sad mkhgroj, `amrjd pjr smdtg`g su pjsaeaõd pravacmoag`g y mkpmzgrjd g smdtar mdva`ag y rmsmdtakamdtj ejdtrg su grrmd`g`jr. Wumrëgd ejkpjrtgrsm ejkj sa mccjs numsmd cjs prjpamtgrajs `m cg va÷g. (5) Cjs samrvjs numrjd mdvag`js pgrg rmejomr mc nrutj. Mc `um÷j tmdëg `mrmebj g udg pgrtm `mc nrutj. Vmrj, eugd`j ccmogrjd cjs rmprmsmdtgdtms `mc `um÷j, gqumccjs grrmd`gtgrajs gvgraeajsjs y rmhmc`ms ojcpmgrjd g udj, kgtgrjd gc jtrj, y gc tmremrj, cj gpm`rmgrjd. Jtrjs sarvamdtms numrjd trgtg`js `mc kaskj kj`j. (0) Mc baij num mdvag`j `mspuás, y mc prjpamtgraj mstghg smourj `m qum cj rmspmtgrëgd, pmrj cjs cghrg`jrms cj mxpucsgrjd `m cg va÷g, y cumoj cj kgtgrjd. Mxpcaeg qum, md cg eucturg `m gqumccjs `ëgs, md ud dmojeaj ngkacagr sm rmspmtghg gc baij kuebj kçs `m cj qum sm cm rmspmtgrëg md cg sjeam`g` kj`mrdg. Cjs grrmd`gtgrajs, sad mkhgroj, vamrjd md su kumrtm cg jpjrtuda`g` `m qum`grsm ejd cg va÷g. (=) Mc `um÷j rmormsg.  Uamd`j cj hgstgdtm raej ejkj pgrg  prjtmomrsm ejd ud miáreatj, mc prjpamtgraj vumcvm. Md mstm pudtj, mc Um÷jr bazj udg pgusg md su pgrçhjcg m advatõ g sus jymdtms jymdtms,, mdtrm cjs qum sm mdejdtrghgd cjs pradeapgcms sgemr`jtms y ngrasmjs, g qum `aimrgd cj qum bghrëg qum bgemr ejd msjs grrmd`gtgrajs. Dj pu`amrjd suomrar jtrg ejsg kçs qum cg `mstrueeaõd `m gqumccjs kasmrghcms, y qum cg bmrkjsg va÷g sm gcquacgrg g jtrjs cghrg`jrms kçs `aodjs, qum  pgogrgd cg prjpjreaõd prjpjreaõd ``mm nrutj gej gejr`g`g r`g`g ejd mc `um÷j. `um÷j. Um÷gcg qum, ccmog`js g mstm pudtj, cg ecgsm yg sm bghrç `g`j eumdtg `m g`õd`m ejd`ueëg tj`j mstj. Pj`js tus gcukdjs bghrçd rmejdjea`jj qum cjs pradeapgcms pmrsjdgims `m cg pgrçhjcg sm pj`ëgd rmejdjea` a`mdtanaegr nçeackmdtm `m cg saouamdtm kgdmrg9   @ajs, qum bazj cg`mserahar Pamrrg ygc qum cg (7) Mc gsë `um÷j sustmdtg, ejkj`mg cgsusva÷g9 bghatgdtms. Vj`mkjs Um÷jr

ejkj mc @um÷j `mc udavmrsj g quamd `mhmkjs udg rmdtg pjr cg va`g qum djs bg ejdem`a`j, iudtj ejd cjs akprmsead`ahcms `jdms `m cg 776  

sgcu` y `m tj`j cj qum djs kgdtamdm vavjs (md pgrtaeucgr, cjs iu`ëjs sghëgd qum bghëgd `asnrutg`j `m pravacmoajs mspmeagcms mspme agcms `m @ajs y qum mc Um÷jr cjs bghëg trgtg`j \en. Asgëgs ==[[ ejkj mc pumhcj `m su prjpag va÷g).

(8) Cjs cghrg`jrms kgcvg`js.  Kgtmj djs `aem qum cjs  pradeapgcms sgemr`jtms y ngrasmjs –mdtmd`amrjd –mdtmd`amrjd qum bghcghg `m mccjs‛ (Kgtmj 8790=). 8790=). Ughëgd qum kuebjs `m cjs prjnmtgs `mc Gdtaouj Pmstgkmdtj bghëgd sa`j rmebgzg`js y pmrsmoua`js pjr cjs iu`ëjs. Pgkhaád sghëgd qum mccjs mstghgd pcgdmgd`j kgtgr gc –Baij‛, ejkj Erastj sjcëg ccgkgrsm g së kaskj. Mkpmzghg g rmsuctgrcms adeõkj`j jër mstg pgrçhjcg, mspmeagckmdtm eugd`j bghëg jtrgs pmrsjdgs mseuebgd`j tgkhaád. ]dg vmz cjs da÷js bgygd egptg`j mstg a`mg, `araom mc njej bgeag mccjs. @acms qum cg bastjrag `mserahm g tj`js cjs bjkhrms y g tj`gs cgs kuimrms, g tj`js cjs da÷js y g tj`gs cgs da÷gs qum rmebgzgd gc Um÷jr Imsùs md eugcquamr kjkmdtj `m cg Bastjrag. Cjs cghrg`jrms j grrmd`gtgrajs sjkjs tj`js djsjtrjs, sa djs rmhmcgkjs ejdtrg mc Um÷jr y dj cm pgogkjs dg`g pjr tj`j cj humdj qum djs ejdem`m.

(5) Cjs samrvjs, ejkj supjd`rçd cjs da÷js, sjd cjs kmdsgimrjs `m @ajs. Md cg getugca`g`, mc Um÷jr mdvëg g kasajdmrjs, pgstjrms, jhrmrjs `m aocmsag y kgmstrjs `m mseumcg `jkadaegc ejd ud kmdsgim `m pmr`õd, y `m iuaeaj vmda`mrj. Gud gsë, kuebjs kuebj s sm pjdmd md ejdtrg `m mccjs, cjs ra`aeucazgd y dj cms bgemd mc kmdjr egsj, rmebgzgd`j su kmdsgim. Md vmz `m jër, sm ejkpjrtgd ejkj sa pjsmymrgd mc kud`j, sus eumrpjs y sus va`gs, y ejkj sa dj cm `mhamrgd dg`g g @ajs, su Ermg`jr. (0) Mc baij num gsmsadg`j. Cg erueanaxaõd `mc Baij `m @ajs tuvj cuogr udjs `ëgs `mspuás `m qum Erastj ejdtgsm gqumccg pgrçhjcg. Cj sgegrjd `m cg eau`g` (va÷g) y cj kgtgrjd. Vmrj gqumccjs `araomdtms rmcaoajsjs dj numrjd cjs ùdaejs eucpghcms `m su kumrtm. Pj`js cjs qum sm rmsastmd g @ajs y g sus cmyms y sm damogd g `grcm mc rmejdjeakamdtj qum sm kmrmem md sus va`gs md eamrtj kj`j cm mstçd –erueanaegd`j‛ pmrsjdgckmdtm. Uad mkhgroj, ermmkjs qum cm bmkjs

kgtg`j md udg njrkg gùd kçs orgvm. Cg eucpg `m tj`js cjs qum ermmkjs md Erastj num pumstg sjhrm Ác eugd`j kuraõ, y mc Vg`rm cm 777  

egstaoõ g Ác md vmz `m g djsjtrjs. Vj`mkjs `mear9 –Ka pmeg`j num  pumstj sjhrm Ác. Ka pmeg`j num cg egusg `m su `jcjr. Mc sunraõ pjr kë‛.   kë‛.

(=) Mc `um÷j rmormsg. Cjs cë`mrms iu`ëjs tuvamrjd qum ejdnmsgr, md rmspumstg g cg prmoudtg `m Erastj, qum cjs cghrg`jrms kgcvg`js kmrmeëgd smr egstaog`js y pmr`mr sus pravacmoajs, cjs eugcms `mhëgd `grsm g jtrjs. Cg Bastjrag kumstrg qum mstj ms mxgetgkmdtm cj qum jeurraõ. Mc pumhcj iu`ëj, g quamd @ajs bghëg prjtmoa`j y trgtg`j md njrkg pravacmoag`g `urgdtm tgdtj tamkpj, vaj eõkj pmr`ëg su  pjsaeaõd mspmeagc y eõkj su dgeaõd mrg `aspmrsg`g. Cg dumvg Aocmsag `mc nuturj smrëg kgyjratgragkmdtm udg Aocmsag omdtac, gudqum @ajs saoum kjstrgd`j su orgeag bgeag cjs iu`ëjs tgkhaád. Pj`js `mhmkjs rmejr`gr qum mc Um÷jr, md mstg pgrçhjcg, g`vartaõ qum vjcvmrëg gc nadgc `m cjs tamkpjs g iuzogr gc kud`j y g sus kjrg`jrms. Gqumccjs qum gbjrg sm jpjdogd g Ác tmkhcgrçd md msm `ëg md qum cm vmgd rmormsgr –ejd orgd pj`mr y ocjrag‛ (Kgrejs ( Kgrejs 7598>). 7598> ). Mxbjrtg g tus gcukdjs g qum sm prmoudtmd sa mstçd  prmpgrg`jss pgrg prmsmdtgrsm  prmpgrg`j prmsmdtgrsm egrg g egrg egrg gdtm su Bgem`j Bgem`jr. r. Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 

Kjstrgr akçomdms `m va÷gs `m cjs tamkpjs `m cg Hahcag smrëg `m orgd gyu`g pgrg qum cjs da÷js saouamrgd cg cmeeaõd. ]d pu÷g`j `m uvgs tgkhaád ejdtrahuarëg g rmermgr mc gkhamdtm. ^ágsm tgkhaád cg cçkadg `mc Hahcm Cmgrdado Ejursm \Eursj `m gprmd`azgim hëhcaej[.

MC UGC^G@JX9 GXXMUPG@J Q EJD@MDG@J (7==)   Mc iuaeaj iu`ëj  Kgtmj 8>97 ― = y 0? ― >2 >2  Vrjpõsatj9 Bgemr qum cjs da÷js smgd ejdseamdtms `m qum, sa Erastj dj ms su Um÷jr y Ugcvg`jr, `mhmrçd mdnrmdtgrsm g Ác ud `ëg ejkj Iumz `m tj`j. Kjstrgr qum iuaeajejd`uearç `m eg`g gad`ava`uj dj ermymdtm smrç mserupucjsgkmdtm iustj,mc pmrj udg ejd`mdg smourg.

Mxpcaegr, g cg cuz `m mstj, cj akpjrtgdtm qum ms husegr mc pmr`õd `mc Um÷jr gbjrg. 778  

 Adtrj`ueeaõd pgrg cjs kgmstrjs 

Cjs da÷js sm samdtmd samkprm adtraog`js pjr cjs iuaeajs. Pgc vmz bgygd vastj pjr tmcmvasaõd smrams y pmcëeucgs qum sm `msgrrjccgd md sgcgs `m trahudgcms. Mc iuaeaj `mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj num kuy adusugc. Md rmgca`g`, num udg pgrj`ag `m iustaeag. iustaea g. Gyu`g g cjs da÷js g vmr mstj g km`a`g qum cj vgs `mserahamd`j. Mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc smrç  pgrtaeucgrkmdtm  pgrtaeucgrkm dtm ùtac eugd`j ejkpgrms y ejdtrgstms mc iuaeaj `m Erastj ejd mc `m cjs bjkhrms y cgs kuimrms md mc `ëg `mc Iuaeaj, gc nadgc `m cjs tamkpjs. (Cg gdoustag `m Erastj md mc bumrtj `m Omtsmkgdë y cg dmogeaõd `m Vm`rj bgd sa`j mc tmkg `m cmeeajdms gdtmrajrms, gdt mrajrms, pjr cj qum md mstg  prmsmdtgeaõd sjcj sjcj sm bgem udg udg hrmvm rmnmrmdeag rmnmrmdeag g cgs kaskgs). kaskgs).  Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd 

Kumstrg g cg ecgsm akçomdms `m cjs pmrsjdgims prmsmdtms md mc iuaeaj, j tgrimtgs `jd`m sm pum`gd cmmr sus djkhrms. Kmdeajdg (y, sa ms dmemsgraj, mxpcaeg hrmvmkmdtm) cjs pgpmcms `mc iumz, mc geusg`j, cg `mnmdsg, cg geusgeaõd geusgea õd y mc iurg`j. Mxpcaeg qum mc jhimtavj `m ud humd  iuaeaj ms ccmogr g ud vmrm`ae vmrm`aetj tj iustj udg vmz `g`g g cgs `js pgrtms pgrtms cg jpjrtuda`g` `m mxpjdmr su vmrsaõd md ud iuaeaj pùhcaej, `mcgdtm `m ud iumz akpgreagc. Mxpcaeg qum, sa mc geusg`j ms bgccg`j eucpghcm, mc  iumz prjdudeag prjdudeag cg smdtmdea smdtmdeag. g. Adtrj`uem g cg ecgsm md mc tmkg `mc iuaeaj `mc Um÷jr Imsùs pjr pgrtm `m cgs gutjra`g`ms iu`ëgs. Kumstrg qum cjs suemsjs qum rmejomd cjs eugtrj Mvgdomcajs `migd ecgrj qum sm bghëg gejr`g`j ud iuaeaj bjrrahcmkmdtm adiustj pgrg mc Ugcvg`jr. ºVjr quá:

(7) Mc grrmstj. (g) Mc Um÷jr Imsùs num grrmstg`j gc gkpgrj `m cg jseura`g`. @urgdtm mc `ëg bghëg mstg`j mdsm÷gd`j pùhcaegkmdtm md mc Pmkpcj, pmrj cgs gutjra`g`ms mrgd tgd ejhgr`ms qum cm grrmstgrjd  pjr cg djebm, sghamd`j qum cg jpadaõd pùhcaeg gpjyghg gc Um÷jr Imsùs y dj cms bghrëg pmrkata`j gprmsgr g udg pmrsjdg tgd humdg. (h) Ujhjrdgrjd g udj `m sus `aseëpucjs, Iu`gs, Iu`g s, mc trga`jr, pgrg qum

cms adnjrkgrg `mc pgrg`mrj `m su Kgmstrj pjr cg djebm. 775  

(e) Mdvagrjd g eamdtjs `m bjkhrms grkg`js pgrg grrmstgrcm, gudqum mrg ejdjea`j pjr su hjd`g`, bukac`g` y `aspjdahaca`g`. Xmegceg, sad mkhgroj, qum Erastj sm mdtrmoõ md sus kgdjs, g pmsgr `m su orgd pj`mr. Gudqum bazj rmtrjem`mr g tj`js ejd udg sjcg  pgcghrg (en. Iugd 729>), 729>), `mkjstrgd`j ejd mccj qum cm bghrëg rmsuctg`j nçeac kgrebgrsm sad kçs, sghëg qum `mhëg `migr qum cj gprmsgrgd y cj trgtgrgd md gqumccg njrkg pjr dumstrj hamd.

(8) Mc iuaeaj.  Mc iuaeaj, qum tuvj `js pgrtms, sm emcmhrõ hamd mdtrg`g cg djebm, y gc gkgdmemr, y tj`js cjs prjem`akamdtjs geghgrjd gdtms `m qum cg omdtm pu`amrg `grsm eumdtg. Md rmgca`g` sm baeamrjd md smermtj. ¡Mc vmrm`aetj yg sm bghëg `mea`a`j gdtms `mc  iuaeaj! mstjs cë`mrms rmcaoajsjs ccmvghgd kuebj tamkpj adtmdtgd`j kgtgr gc Um÷jr. Uu pcgd nadgc y `mnadatavj pgrg kgtgrcm sm rmejom md Iugd 779=5 779=5.. Gbjrg, pjr nad, cm tmdëgd hgij su eustj`ag, y mc iuaeaj, ejd sus `js vastgs, dj num kçs qum udg kmrg njrkgca`g`. Md prakmr cuogr, ccmvgrjd gceghmzg Um÷jr`mc gdtmejdeacaj Gdçs, ud gdtaouj sukj sgemr`jtm qum mrg cg vmr`g`mrg iu`ëj, y quamd bghëg gejdsmig`j su kumrtm. ¡Wuá iumz tgd akpgreagc! Bgstg bghëg pmrkata`j qum sus gcougeacms kgctrgtgrgd nësaegkmdtm g Imsùs md mc iuaeaj pùhcaej (en.  72988). ). Gdçs tmdëg kçs adtmrás md gvmraougr ejsgs gemreg ge mreg `m cjs Iugd 72988 `aseëpucjs, pgrg mkprmd`mr geeajdms cmogcms ejdtrg mccjs, qum md bgemr iustaeag. Prgs mstg vastg adaeagc, mc Um÷jr num ccmvg`j gdtm Egançs. cg smoud`g mc sukjºWuá sgemr`jtm Egançs, (5) Mc mstghg iumz `mkuy tgkhaád cmijs `mvastg smr num akpgreagc. iustaeag buhjqum md mstm iuaeaj: Ejkj vmrmkjs, num ghsur`j, y gccë tgkhaád cjs cë`mrms  iu`ëjs mseupamrjd md mc rjstrj `mc Um÷jr y cm ojcpmgrjd (en.  Kgtmj 8>9>?). 8>9>? ).

(0) Cg geusgeaõd mkpmzõ g husegr pmrsjdgs `aspumstgs g kmdtar y g eatgr adejrrmetgkmdtm cgs pgcghrgs `mc Um÷jr. Dj pu`amrjd mdejdtrgr ud groukmdtj rgzjdghcm ejdtrg Ác. Ejkmdtg g cjs da÷js qum `anëeackmdtm pj`ëgd ejd`mdgr g gcouamd pjr sgdgr mdnmrkjs j  pjr mdsm÷gr gemreg `mc gk gkjr jr `m @ajs.

(=) Cg `mnmdsg num admxastmdtm. Mc Um÷jr Imsùs sm vaj sjcj md mc –hgdquaccj `m cjs geusg`js‛.  geusg`js‛.  770  

(>) Mc egroj num `m hcgsnmkag, pjrqum mc Um÷jr bghëg `mecgrg`j 8>9>5). Vrmoudtg g cg ecgsm9 smr –mc Erastj, mc Baij `m @ajs‛ (Kgtmj (Kgtmj 8>9>5). ºDmogrëg mstj Imsùs: Dj. ºVjr quá: Vjrqum mrg vmr`g`, ejkj bmkjs vastj g cj cgroj `m mstg smram `m cmeeajdms. Uad mkhgroj, mc adtmdsj j`aj y cjs prmiuaeajs `m cjs cë`mrms iu`ëjs baeamrjd qum emrrgrgd sus jijs g cg mva`mdeag `m qum Erastj mrg mc Baij `m @ajs. Bghëgd vastj sus gsjkhrjsjs kacgorjs, y dj pj`ëgd mxpcaegrcjs. Vmrj gud gsë dj qumrëgd ermmr. ejdsaouamdtm, g sus  hcgsnmkag eugdVjr eugd`j `j `meëg smr mc mc Baij `m jijs @ajs.mc Um÷jr mrg eucpghcm `m

E^ ?   Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc pgrg cg cmeeaõd 7==9 Mc Ugcvg`jr9  Grrmstg`j‛  77=  

(?) Cg smdtmdeag.  Prgs `msgrrjccgr g tj`g prasg gqumc ra`ëeucj  iuaeaj qum tuvj mc Um÷jr, mc sukj sgemr`jtm pgsõ g prjdudeagr prjdudeagr mc 8>9>>). ). Gyu`g g cjs da÷js g vmrm`aetj9 –Ms rmj `m kumrtm‛ (Kgtmj (Kgtmj 8>9>> akgoadgr cj ejdtmdtjs qum mstgrëgd gqumccjs bjkhrms pmrvmrsjs. Cgs kuctatu`ms gkgdmeamrjd ejd cg djtaeag `m qum mc Um÷jr bghëg sa`j grrmstg`j y iuzog`j, y `m qum mc vmrm`aetj sm s m bghëg mkata`j, sad cuogr g gpmcgeaõd. G cjs cë`mrms iu`ëjs, sjcj cms qum`ghg ud prjhcmkg. Dj tmdëgd pj`mrrjkgdj pgrg mimeutgr cg pmdg `m kumrtm. Ùdaegkmdtm mc ojhmrdg`jr pj`ëg `aetgr udg smdtmdeag `m kumrtm. Mxpcaeg qum mrgd cjs tamkpjs `mc orgd akpmraj rjkgdj, y Vgcmstadg mrg ud  pgës jeupg`j, ojhmrdg` ojhmrdg`j, j, orgvg`j y rmoa`j pjr cjs rjkgdjs. Kuy `m kg÷gdg ccmvgrjd g tj`g prasg g su prasajdmrj gc prmtjraj `m Vacgtj y, kamdtrgs tgdtj, cj sjkmtamrjd g kçs tjrturgs.

Jtrj iuaeaj. G prakmrg vastg, cg egusg `m Imsùs pgrmeëg pmr`a`g. Md rmgca`g`, dj tgr`õ md smr erueanaeg`j (pmrj dj sm pum`m geghgr cg cmeeaõd md mstm pudtj< mstm ms tm ms ud humd kjkmdtj pgrg `gr ud gdtaeapj `m cj qum vg g pgsgr md mc nuturj). Mxpcaeg qum, `urgdtm su smoud`j  iuaeaj, mc Ugcvg`jr g`vartaõ g`vartaõ g sus geusg`jrms qum, pjr smr rmgckmdtm mc Baij `m @ajs, rmormsgrëg ud `ëg g mstg Pamrrg ejd pj`mr y ocjrag, y mdtjdems tmd`rëg cuogr mc kgyjr iuaeaj `m cg Bastjrag9 mc Iuaeaj Nadgc `m tj`gs cgs pmrsjdgs. ]tacazg mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc, y kumstrg g cg ecgsm cgs `anmrmdeags mdtrm cjs `js iuaeajs. Md gqumc `ëg cg satugeaõd smrç ejkpcmtgkmdtm advmrsg9

(7) ]d humd Iumz, g quamd udg vmz egcukdagrjd y kgctrgtgrjd gqumccjs `js –iumems‛ Gdçs y Egançs, vjcvmrç ejkj Iumz suprmkj.  Djkhrg`jj pjr su Vg`rm, iuzogrç gc kud`j ejd iustaeag (en. Bmebjs  Djkhrg` 7?957). 7?957 ). Ác iuzogrç g cjs vavjs y g cjs kumrtjs (en. Bmebjs 76908), 76908), y, eugd`j vumcvg md cgs duhms, –tj`j jij cm vmrç, y cjs qum cm trgspgsgrjd‛ (Gpjegcapsas 79?). 79?). Gdçs, Egançs, cjs pradeapgcms sgemr`jtms y cjs gdeagdjs tmd`rçd qum `migr su cuogr md mc Adnamrdj  ‐ `jd`m `jd`m mstgrçd gougr`gd`j msm `ëg ‐   y prmsmdtgrsm gdtm @ajs. Pmkhcgrçd `mcgdtm iudtj gqumccjs>97= qum jhtuvamrjd mc pmr`õd`mcda Um÷jr, cg dumvg va`gejd ( en.tj`js  Gpjegcapsas  ― 7?). 7dudeg ?).

(8) ]d iuaeaj pùhcaej. G `anmrmdeag `m cjs iuaeajs `mc Um÷jr Imsùs, qum sm emcmhrgrjd `m djebm y md smermtj (pgrg qum cg omdtm dj vamsm 77>  

cj qum jeurrëg), mc iuaeaj `m cjs pmeg`jrms tmd`rç cuogr g cg vastg `m 0988)). Gsakaskj, tmd`rmkjs cg jpjrtuda`g` `m tj`js (en.  Kgrejs 0988 rmspjd`mr pjr djsjtrjs kaskjs, gudqum, pgrg vmroómdzg dumstrg, dj tmd`rmkjs kuebj qum `mear md dumstrj ngvjr, pumstj qum bghrmkjs bmebj tj`j gqumccj `m cj qum sm djs geusgrç. Djs qum`grmkjs sad  pgcghrgs y smrmkjs smrmkjs adegpge adegpgems ms `m iustanaegrdjs iustanaegrdjs (en. Kgtmj 88978). 88978).

(5) ]d iuaeaj iustj. Mc Um÷jr Imsùs dj hgsgrç sus iuaeajs md mc tmstakjdaj pgreagc y ngcsj `m jtrjs (ejkj jeurraõ md su egsj). Um ouagrç pjr cjs bmebjs qum @ajs kaskj bgyg rmejoa`j. Cjs cahrjs sm ghrarçd (en.  @gdamc ?976< ?976< Gpjegcapsas 86978), 86978), y sm ejdsuctgrçd cjs `jeukmdtjs. `jeukmdt js. Uus iuaeajs smrçd vmr`g`mrjs y iustjs (en. Gpjegcapsas 7198). 7198 ). Djs iuzogrç smoùd dumstrgs jhrgs (cj qum bgygkjs bmebj) y dj pjr cj qum jtrjs `aogd gemreg `m djsjtrjs (en.  Kgtmj 7>98?< 7>98?< 89>)). Dj djs iuzogrç pjr egpraebj da pjr prmiuaeajs, sadj Xjkgdjs 89>  pjr cgs cmyms `m @ajs, rmvmcg`gs g djsjtrjs g trgvás `m tj`g cg Hahcag y mseratgs sjhrm dumstrg ejdeamdeag (en. Xjkgdjs 8978 ― 7=). 7=). (0) Kaccjdms smrçd ghsumctjs. Gudqum mc Ugcvg`jr sm mdejdtrõ nrmdtm g ud kurj `m j`aj y gdtgojdaskj eugd`j num iuzog`j, bghrç ud gkpcaj dùkmrj `m pmrsjdgs eucpghcms qum dj tmd`rçd qum pgsgr dudeg pjr mc orgd Iuaeaj `mc nad `m cjs tamkpjs, pjrqum yg bghrçd sa`j ghsumctgs. Md rmgca`g`, mstgs pmrsjdgs gyu`grçd gc Um÷jr md msm `ëg. ºVjr quá sm cahrgrçd `m pgsgr pjr msm Iuaeaj: Vjrqum mc kaskësakj Erastj bg ccmvg`j yg mc egstaoj `m cjs pmeg`js `m tj`js cjs qum ejdnëgd md Ác. Vjr su gsjkhrjsj gkjr, Ác bg pgog`j mc egstaoj (mc prmeaj) `m su pmeg`j, –mc iustj pjr cjs adiustjs‛ (7 ( 7 Vm`rj 5972). 5972 ). ºBgd jë`j cjs da÷js gcoudg vmz bghcgr `m ud iumz gsë, tgd gkghcm, kasmraejr`ajsj y ejkpgsavj: ¡Gyù`gcms g akgoadgr cj akprmsajdgdtm qum smrëg pgrg ud bjkhrm j udg kuimr eucpghcm, gdtm ud trahudgc tmrrmdgc, qum, trgs bghmr sa`j ejd`mdg`j g udg eugdtajsg kuctg, `mseuhramrg qum mc iumz cg bg pgog`j `m su hjcsaccj! Mxpcaeg qum mstj ms prmeasgkmdtm cj qum bg bmebj mc Ugcvg`jr pjr tj`js cjs qum rmeahmd su kasmraejr`ag y rmejdjemd qum Ác ms su ùdaeg mspmrgdzg. Dj bg –`aseucpg`j‛ sus pmeg`js, da bg pgsg`j pjr gctj gc tj

sus kgcjs egkadjs. Md vmz `m mstj, Ác kaskj num egstaog`j pjr sus 77?  

kgc`g`ms y, pjr ejdsaouamdtm, tamdm mc pj`mr `m pmr`jdgrcms y rmdjvgrcms pgrg qum ud `ëg cm vmgd y smgd ejkj Ác. Advatg g cjs da÷js g pmdsgr md mc orgd `ëg `mc Iuaeaj, eugd`j tj`js ejkpgrmzegkjs gdtm Ác. ºUmrç Ác su Ugcvg`jr y Gkaoj, g quamd gkgd y g`jrgd, j su Iumz, gdtm mc eugc tmkhcgrçd iudtj ejd tj`js cjs `mkçs qum cm trgspgsgrjd: Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc  En. E^ ?, p.  p. 77>. 77>. 

MC UGC^G@JX9 UMDPMDEAG@J (7=>)  Mc iuaeaj rjkgdj  8=  Kgtmj 8?97 ― 8= Vrjpõsatj9  Xmcgtgr cjs bmebjs rmcgtavjs gc iuaeaj `mc Um÷jr gdtm Vacgtj, y gyu`gr g cjs da÷js g `grsm eumdtg `m qum, `m bghmr mstg`j djsjtrjs gccë, tgkhaád bghrëgkjs sa`j rmspjdsghcms `m su kumrtm. Kjstrgrcms, sad mkhgroj, qum num mc Um÷jr Imsùs quamd mcaoaõ pjdmr su va`g pgrg pj`mr sgcvgrdjs.  Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd 

Gejdtmeakamdtjs gc gchg.  @mserahm cg msemdg qum sm vavëg md Imrusgcád eugd`j gkgdmeaõ. Gc `mspmrtgr, cg omdtm sm mdtmrõ `m cg djtaeag `m qum, `urgdtm cg djebm, Imsùs, –mc prjnmtg `m Dgzgrmt‛, bghëg sa`j grrmstg`j, iuzog`j, y bgccg`j eucpghcm. Eugcquamrg qum buhamsm sgca`j tmkprgdj pj`rëg bghmr vastj g Erastj kgdagtg`j kamdtrgs udg dukmrjsg ougr`ag cj ejd`ueëg g tj`g prasg y g mkpuijdms, ejkj g ud erakadgc, `ms`m cg egsg `m Egançs, mc sukj sgemr`jtm, bgstg mc pgcgeaj `m Vacgtj, `jd`m sm mdejdtrghg mc trahudgc rjkgdj. Eugd`j cgs kuctatu`ms jymrjd cg djtaeag y sm rmudamrjd md cgs egccms, cjs cë`mrms rmcaoajsjs ejkmdzgrjd g pmrsug`ar g tj`js `m qum Imsùs dj mrg mc bárjm qum mccjs pmdsghgd y g `mearcms qum cgs gutjra`g`ms iu`ëgs cj bghëgd bgccg`j eucpghcm `m ud orgvm `mcatj.

Kuebjs iu`ëjs mstghgd `msacusajdg`js pjrqum Imsùs sm bghëg E^ Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 772  

dmog`j g tjkgr mc pj`mr pjcëtaej y g gcavagr sus `anaeuctg`ms, `m kgdmrg qum cj kçs mkjeajdgdtm qum pj`ëgd bgemr gqumc `ëg smrëg udarsm gc nrmdmsë `m j`aj qum cgs gutjra`g`ms bghëgd `mspmrtg`j ejdtrg Ác.

Cg dmemsa`g` `m jhtmdmr ud pmrkasj pgrg kgtgr g Imsùs.   @mserahm cg nrustrgeaõd `m cjs cë`mrms rmcaoajsjs, qum, gud bghamd`j smdtmdeag`j gc Um÷jr, dj pj`ëgd mimeutgr su vmrm`aetj. Gyu`g g cjs da÷js g egptgr mc jtrj prjhcmkg qum sm adtmrpjdëg md su egkadj. Bghëgd smdtmdeag`j g Imsùs pjr mc `mcatj `m hcgsnmkag, pmrj cjs cë`mrms iu`ëjs dj qumrëgd qum mc pumhcj cjs geusgrg `m rmebgzgr g ud bgem`jr `m kacgorjs tgd orgd`m. Wumrëgd qum mc Um÷jr numsm mimeutg`j ejkj ud erakadgc ejrramdtm. ]d dumvj egroj9 ¡trgaeaõd! Advatg g cg ecgsm g smouar mc gstutj  pcgd `m mstjs bjkhrms kgcvg`js kamdtrgs trgkghgd jtrg nõrkucg. ¡Geusgrëgd gc Um÷jr `m trgaeaõd ejdtrg mc Ojhamrdj rjkgdj! @mspuás `m tj`j, bghëg bghcg`j `mc Xmadj `m @ajs y `mc Eamcj y,  prjhghcmkmdtm,  prjhghcmk mdtm, sm akgoadghg qum mrg mc Xmy. Cj kçs smourj mrg qum cjs rjkgdjs `msmgrgd egstaogr g eugcquamrg qum adtmdtgrg gczgrsm ejkj rmy y pcgdmgrg mc `mrrjegkamdtj `m su ráoakmd. Vacgtj Va cgtj sm vmrëg jhcaog`j g tjkgrsm mstg geusgeaõd kuy md smraj. Gyu`g g cg ecgsm g vmr cj ra`ëeucj qum mrg qum geusgrgd gc Ugcvg`jr `m njkmdtgr udg goatgeaõd pjcëtaeg eugd`j Ác sm bghëg dmog`j g smouar msg `armeeaõd y sm bghëg cakatg`j ùdaegkmdtm g jeupgrsm `m cgs dmemsa`g`ms msparatugcms `m cgs pmrsjdgs. Md cg ùdaeg jegsaõd qum udg kuctatu` bghëg adtmdtg`j djkhrgrcm Xmy md Ogcacmg, cms `miõ y sm num Ác sjcj g ud kjdtm. Kçs tgr`m jnmd`aõ g kuebjs `m mccjs gc adsastar md qum su prjpõsatj mrg `gr va`g g sus gckgs y dj g sus eumrpjs ( en.  Iugd >97=,, 8> ― 8?, >97= 8?, >> >>). ).

Mc iuaeaj gdtm Vacgtj. Ejkmdtg g cg ecgsm mc eursj `mc iuaeaj smoùd cj pmrnacg Kgtmj9

771  

pgrg cg cmeeaõd 7=>9 –Mc Ugcvg`jr9 E^ 2 ―  Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc Umdtmdeag`j‛  

(g) Mc egroj9 Vacgtj pcgdtmõ sad rj`mjs gc Um÷jr cg saouamdtm  prmoudtg9 –ºMrms tù mc rmy `m cjs iu`ëjs:‛ (Kgtmj 8?977). 8?977). Vjr 786  

supumstj qum cj mrg. Mrg su Bgem`jr y su Kmsëgs. Uad mkhgroj, md mc smdta`j md qum Vacgtj mdtmd`ëg mc tárkadj (mc adtmdtj `m ud ojhmrdgdtm tmrrmdgc `m jpjdmrsm gc pj`mr rjkgdj y ejdsmouar cg ad`mpmd`mdeag) dj cj mrg. Mc Um÷jr rmspjd`aõ sakpcmkmdtm (md tárkadjs kj`mrdjs)9 –Pù cj bgs `aebj‛. Uad `u`g, Vacgtj sm `aj eumdtg `m qum mc Um÷jr dj mrg ud rmvjcueajdgraj. Egcõ cjs ngcsjs egrojs qum cjs cë`mrms iu`ëjs bghëgd g`uea`j. Uad mkhgroj, mc Um÷jr sm dmoõ g rmspjd`mr g cgsAsgëgs ngcsgs?66 geusgeajdms iu`ëjs, =5). ).ejkj bghëg prm`aebj mc prjnmtg g÷js gdtms`m ( en.cjs  Asgëgs =5 (h) Mc pcgd `m Vacgtj `m sjctgr g Erastj sad gvmrojdzgr g cjs cë`mrms cë `mrms  iu`ëjs. Vacgtj `mea`aõ utacazgr udg mvgsavg cmogc pgrg cahmrgr g Erastj9 Erastj9 mimremr su `mrmebj gdugc `m sjctgr sjc tgr g ud prmsj ejkj kumstrg `m humdg vjcudtg`. ºGemptgrëgd mstj: (e) Cg dmogtavg `m cjs iu`ëjs. Cmijs `m gemptgr mc grrmocj `m Vacgtj, cjs iu`ëjs mxaoamrjd cg adkm`agtg cahmrgeaõd `m jtrj prasajdmrj, ud vajcmdtj erakadgc ccgkg`j Hgrrghçs, qum mrg eucpghcm `m gsmsadgtj, rmhmcaõd y rjhj. Vrmnmrëgd kuebj kçs qum sm sjctgrg g mstm jtrj. (`) Cg g`vmrtmdeag `m su mspjsg g÷g`aõ gùd kçs tmdsaõd g cg  prmjeupgeaõd  prmjeupge aõd qum tmdëg Vacgtj ejd rmspmetj g cg mimeueaõd `m ud  prjnmtg qum bgeëg kacgorjs y qum tmdëg udg getatu` tgd `aodg9 –Dj tmdogs dg`g qum vmr ejd msm iustj‛  (Kgtmj 8?971 8?971), ), msm num mc ejdsmij qum Vacgtj rmeahaõ `m su mspjsg, qum sm smdtëg turhg`g. (m) Vacgtj em`m g cggprmsaõd. Mc ojhmrdg`jr vmëg eg`g vmz kçsg adegpgz `m jpjdmrsm cjs cë`mrms iu`ëjs, qum sm bghëgd ejkmdzg`j geusgrcm `m prjtmomr g ud mdmkaoj `m Eásgr (en. Iugd 71978 71978), ), gsë qum  prmoudtõ9 –ºWuá pums bgrá `m Imsùs ccgkg`j mc Erastj:‛   (Kgtmj 8?988). 8?988 ). Gyu`g g cg ecgsm g vmr cg arjdëg `m cg satugeaõd. Vacgtj, qum tmdëg tj`j mc gpjyj `m cg pj`mrjsg Xjkg (y mstghg rj`mg`j `m sus sjc`g`js y sus ougr`gmspgc`gs), ougr`gmspgc`gs), em`aõ nadgckmdtm gdtm cgs gkmdgzgs `m cjs cë`mrms iu`ëjs. Gdsajsj pjr mvatgr mc prjhcmkg y cg tmdsaõd, sgeranaeõ cg Iustaeag. Md ud adtmdtj `m `msgbjogr su prjpag ejdeamdeag, sm cgvõ cgs kgdjs gdtms gdtm s `m mdtrmogr gc prasajdmrj g quamd ác bghëg rmejdjea`j pùhcaegkmdtm ejkj adjemdtm `mc `mcatj `m qum

sm cm geusghg, `aeamd`j9 –Vums ºquá kgc bg bmebj:‛ (Kgtmj 8?985 8?985). ). 787  

(n) ]d trgtj erumc. G`gptgd`j mc org`j `m `mtgccm g cg m`g` `m cg ecgsm, mxpcaeg cg bjrrahcm erumc`g` nësaeg qum sm `aspmdsõ gc Um÷jr `m ocjrag, mc Ugcvg`jr `mc kud`j, mc Gkaoj `m cjs pmeg`jrms. Kmdeajdg sjhrm tj`j cjs gzjtms qum Vacgtj jr`mdõ qum sm cm `amsmd,  prgetaeg`js ejd eumr`gs eumr`gs `m eumrj eumrj qum qum tmrkadghgd tmrkadghgd md udgs udgs pamzgs `m bumsj y kmtgc, pmdsg`gs pgrg `msogrrgr prjnud`gkmdtm cg egrdm. Kuebjs erakadgcms kjrëgd g egusg `m mstj, pjrqum cgs bmra`gs  pj`ëgd smr kuy prjnud`gs y orgvms. Kmdeajdg tgkhaád eõkj cjs sjc`g`js rjkgdjs `msdu`grjd `msdu`g rjd g Erastj y sm hurcgrjd `m Ác. Ejkmdtg eõkj cm mseupamrjd y cm ojcpmgrjd md cg eghmzg gdtms `m prmpgrgrcm  pgrg mc cgroj egkadj bgstg cg erueanaxaõd, erueanaxaõd, ccmvgd`j cg eruz `m kg`mrg sjhrm cg qum smrëg ecgvg`j, bgstg mc kjdtm `mc Egcvgraj, numrg `m cg eau`g`. Md km`aj `m tj`j mstj, Ác sghëg qum gc nadgc egrogrëg ejd mc egstaoj `m cjs pmeg`js `m kaccjdms `m pmrsjdgs. Ejkj gpcaegeaõd, prjpjdmkjs qum cjs kgmstrjs (utacazgd`j mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc E^ 2, p. 787) 787) bgogd cg prmoudtg9 ºWuaád num rmspjdsghcm `m mstm bjrrahcm `jcjr y sunrakamdtj qum mc Ugcvg`jr sjpjrtõ sad qumigrsm: @g trms jpeajdms `m rmspumstg y gyu`g g cjs da÷js g `grsm eumdtg `m qum mstçd adecua`js md cgs trms.

(7) Cjs jrouccjsjs cë`mrms rmcaoajsjs, qum pcgdmgrjd y trgkgrjd mstjs gejdtmeakamdtjs y qum pmrsug`amrjd g cgs kuctatu`ms pgrg qum cms gpjygrgd, numrjd cjs rmspjdsghcms. Cjs qum `mhëgd bghmr sgha`j kçs gemreg `mc Kmsëgs prjkmta`j numrjd sus kgyjrms mdmkaojs. Mstghgd emcjsjs `mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj. Gtrgëg g cgs kuctatu`ms y bghcghg ejd udg gutjra`g` qum mccjs dj tmdëgd. Vjdëg gc `mseuhamrtj su jrouccj m bapjermsëg. Mccjs numrjd rmspjdsghcms `m su `jcjr y `m su kumrtm. Vmrj dj sjcj mccjs. Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum mc jrouccj `mc ngrasgëskj dj sm cakatg g cjs cë`mrms iu`ëjs `m gqumc tamkpj. Md cg getugca`g`, kuebjs rmebgzgd g Imsùs y cuebgd nmrjzkmdtm ejdtrg sus mdsm÷gdzgs. Ermmd qum pum`md kgdmigr su va`g sad @ajs. Cm damogd su tamkpj y `m su jhm`amdeag. Xa`aeucazgd sus g`vmrtmdeags gemreg `mc Adnamrdj y ejd`mdgd su eõ`aoj kjrgc. Ua mc Um÷jr Imsùs mstuvamsm vavj bjy, cm prjbaharëgd gpgrmemr md tmcmvasaõd

y `msmdeg`mdgrëgd udg jcmg`g `m bjstaca`g` y msegrdaj ejdtrg Ác, ejkj bgemd ejdtrg sus smoua`jrms. G`vamrtm g cjs da÷js qum mccjs 788  

tgkhaád pum`md ccmogr g smr `mkgsag`j jrouccjsjs ejkj pgrg `grsm eumdtg `m qum dmemsatgd ud Ugcvg`jr.

(8) Vacgtj sghëg qum Imsùs mrg adjemdtm, pmrj mstghg `mkgsag`j  prmjeupg`jj pjr sgcvgougr`gr su prjpag pjsaeaõd y su prjpaj pj`mr  prmjeupg` ejkj pgrg qum cm akpjrtgrg cj qum mstghg jeurramd`j. Ejkmdtg g cg ecgsm qum bjy saoum bghamd`j omdtm ejkj Vacgtj, qum rmejdjem md su kmdtm qum bgy qum rmspmtgr g Erastj, pmrj qum dj mstçd `aspumstjs g ghgd`jdgr sus pcgdms, gkhaeajdms y mstacj `m va`g pgrg pj`mr a`mdtanaegrsm ejd Ác. Kuebjs da÷js y da÷gs sm kumstrgd rmdumdtms g sgeranaegr sus tgr`ms `m `jkadoj pgrg vmdar y gprmd`mr gemreg `mc Ugcvg`jr. Ua rmeahmd hurcgs pjr ermmr md mc Um÷jr, getùgd ejkj ejhgr`ms y ghgd`jdgd. ¡Md cg getugca`g` bgy kuebjs Vacgtjs! (5) Cg omdtm,  qum tgd sjcj udg smkgdg gdtms bghëg oratg`j – Bjsgddg gc baij `m @gva` ‛ (Kgtmj 8791 8791), ), sm bghëg `mig`j ejdvmdemr dmeagkmdtm pjr bjkhrms pmrvmrsjs. Uad mc gpjyj `mc  pumhcj, cjs sgemr`jtms igkçs bghrëgd ejdsmoua`j ccmvgr g eghj su  pcgd `m kgtgr gc Um÷jr. Gcoudgs smkgdgs kçs tgr`m, mc gpõstjc Vm`rj sm mdnrmdtõ g udg orgd kuctatu` ejkpumstg pjr msgs kaskgs  pmrsjdgs y cgs ejd`mdõ pjr cj qum cm bghëgd bmebj g Erastj. Era stj. Ejkj sa cm buhamsmd gsmsadg`j ejd sus prjpags kgdjs (gudqum md rmgca`g` cj baeamrgd cjs sjc`g`js rjkgdjs), Vm`rj `aij9 –Vrmd`astmas y kgtgstmas \g Imsùs[ pjr kgdjs `m adaeujs, erueanaeçd`jcm‛ (Bmebjs ( Bmebjs 8985). 8985 ). Bjy, sa djs cakatgkjs g smouar g cg kuctatu`, g bgemr cj qum kçs cm oustg g cg omdtm, y g akatgr g dumstrjs gkaojs `migd`j `mi gd`j `m cg`j gc Ugcvg`jr y rmdmogd`j `m Ác, mdtjdems sjkjs rmspjdsghcms `mcgdtm `mc gdtm `m @ajs. Ua djs `migkjs adncuar y pjdmr md ejdtrg `m Erastj, ejkpgrtakjss cg eucpg `m cjs eghmeaccgs. ejkpgrtakj Vrmoudtg g cjs da÷js sa sm mdeumdtrgd mdtrm cjs qum sm –gvmroómdzgd‛ `m Imsùs y prmnamrmd mstgr ejd cg kuctatu`.  kuctatu`.  

Vmrj mc Um÷jr num vjcudtgragkmdtm.  Ujrprmd`m g tus gcukdjs rmejr`çd`jcms qum mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj num vjcudtgragkmdtm g su kumrtm. Gudqum `mhaõ `m smr mc sunrakamdtj kçs tmrrahcm qum bgyg

mxpmrakmdtg`j dg`am md tj`g cg bastjrag `mc udavmrsj, mstuvj `aspumstj g pgsgr pjr mccj pjr gkjr g djsjtrjs. Mc Um÷jr bghëg bghcg`j vgrags vmems `m pjdmr su va`g pjr sus jvmigs. Bghëg `aebj9 785  

–Dg`am km cg quatg \cg va`g[, sadj qum yj `m kë kaskj cg pjdoj‛ (Iugd 76972). 76972). Iustj gdtms `m qum cm grrmstgrgd, bg hëg gnarkg`j9 –Mstj ms ka eumrpj, qum pjr vjsjtrjs ms @G@J‛ (Cuegs (Cuegs 88971). 88971). Mrg, md mnmetj, mc Baij `m @ajs, y bghëg gsmourg`j g Vm`rj qum pj`rëg bghmr jrg`j g su Vg`rm pgrg qum cm mdvagrg `jem cmoajdms `m çdomcms (?8 666) pgrg prjtmomrcm m akpm`ar qum cm grrmstgrgd (en.  Kgtmj 8>9=5). 8>9=5). Vmrj mcaoaõ dj bgemrcj g nad `m eukpcar cg vjcudtg` `m su Vg`rm, `mseratg tgd ecgrgkmdtm md cg Hahcag. Mxpcaeg `m kgdmrg kuy smdeaccg qum mc Um÷jr Imsùs mdtrmoõ su va`g vjcudtgragkmdtm pgrg qum pu`aárgkjs smr sgcvjs. Ejdjeëg `ms`m sus prakmrjs `ëgs qum mstg mrg cg rgzõd `m su ^mda`g. Bgstg su djkhrm (Imsuerastj) djs `aem qum vadj g sgcvgrdjs. Ujpjrtõ tj`g cg kgcaeag y cjs adsuctjs pgrg pj`mr ar gc Egcvgraj md dumstrj cuogr. Ác –sm `mspjiõ g së kaskj \…[, sm bukaccõ g së kaskj, bgeaád`jsm jhm`amdtm bgstg cg kumrtm, y kumrtm `m eruz‛ (Nacapmdsms (Nacapmdsms 89? ― 2). Va`m g cjs da÷js qum vgygd g egsg y pamdsmd sjhrm mstj smragkmdtm, y qum ejdsa`mrmd su rmspumstg g mstg prmoudtg9 ºUghëgd qum tmdëgd ud Gkaoj gsë md mc Eamcj: Advëtgcms g mdejdtrgr cg rmspumstg md sus ejrgzjdms, pgrg rmspjd`mr gsë9 Q ejd ka bmra`j ejrgzõd,  ejdtratj ejdnmsá9  cg kgrgvaccg `m tu gkjr    y `m ka `msdu`mz.  Advatg g cjs qum gùd dj smgd erastagdjs erast agdjs g husegr ud cuogr trgdqua trgdquacj cj `jd`m pum`gd jrgr gc Um÷jr y `mearcm qum gprmeagd su orgd gkjr y qum `msmgd `migr gtrçs su pmeg`j y smouarcm. Adstg g cjs iõvmdms ermymdtms g pmdsgr g kmdu`j md cg pj`mrjsg orgeag `m su Ugcvg`jr y md cg `mu`g `m gkjr qum tmdmkjs ejd Ác. Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 

Um prjpjdmd `js ejkpcmkmdtjs vasugcms9 mc prakmrj sm g`gptg

mspmeagckmdtm g cgs ecgsms `m cjs da÷js kçs kgyjrms, y mc smoud`j, g cgs `m cjs kçs pmqum÷js. 780  

(7) G`gptg mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc E^ ? (p. 77>) 77>) `m cg saouamdtm kgdmrg9 Iumz9 Vacgtj Bjrg9 Vjr cg kg÷gdg Vrumhgs9 Cgs kuctatu`ms oratgd`j9 –¡Erueanëegcm!‛ –¡Erueanëegcm!‛   Cg geusgeaõd9 Cjs pradeapgcms sgemr`jtms y cjs gdeagdjs Cg `mnmdsg9 Imsùs dj rmspjd`aõ pgcghrg Mc rjccj9 Egroj9 Prgaeaõd< ^mrm`aetj9 –ºWuá kgc bg bmebj:‛< Umdtmdeag9 Erueanaxaõd (8) ]tacazg mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc E^ 2 (p. 787 787). ). @ahuig trms ncmebgs orgd`ms qum `aogd9 (7) CË@MXMU XMCAOAJUJU< (8) VACGPJ< (5) CG OMDPM. ]tacëzgcgs kamdtrgs gdgcazgs cg prmoudtg9 –ºWuaád num mc rmspjdsghcm:‛.  rmspjdsghcm:‛. 

MC UGC^G@JX9 EX]EANAEG@J (7=?)  ºVjr quá kuraõ mc Baij `m @ajs:  Kgtmj 8?98> ― =6 =6  Vrjpõsatj9 Ccmvgr g cjs da÷js g ejdsa`mrgr y gprmeagr mc gsjkhrjsj m adkmdsj gkjr `mc Ugcvg`jr gc `gr su va`g pjr su pumhcj.  Adtrj`ueeaõd pgrg cjs kgmstrjs 

Cjs kgmstrjs `mhmrëgd g`gptgr cg cmeeaõd smoùd cg m`g` `m cg ecgsm. @jd`m sm `gd cgs rgzjdms `m cg kumrtm `m Erastj, cjs kgmstrjs `m da÷js kçs pmqum÷js quazç `msmgrçd utacazgr ùdaegkmdtm mc prakmr tmxtj prjpjreajdg`j md eg`g smeeaõd. Cjs qum tmdogd gcukdjs kçs kgyjrms `mhmrëgd utacazgr kçs. Cg smcmeeaõd kçs gkpcag `m tmxtjs smrvarç pgrg rmtgr y ejdvmdemr g cgs ecgsms `m cjs da÷js kçs kgyjrms. Mstm tmkg ejdstatuym mc ejrgzõd `mc Mvgdomcaj, pjr cj qum adstgkjs g cjs kgmstrjs g qum prmpgrmd cg cmeeaõd ejd mspmeagc eua`g`j y jrgeaõd cuogrms `m mstm prjorgkgy`mcgmstu`ajs, mc `msogrrj `mc vmcj (md `mc jtrjs Pmkpcj, mc cg`rõd kjrahud`j ejpg `m sunrakamdtj

`mc Ugcvg`jr bgd sa`j yg mc tmkg pradeapgc y, pjr ejdsaouamdtm, gbjrg sjcj sm tjegd `m udg kgdmrg hrmvm). 78=  

 Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd 

Kumstrg g cg ecgsm cg sacumtg `m cg eruz qum sm prjpjdm ejkj ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc. Ejkmdtg g cjs da÷js eõkj, kuy pjej tamkpj `mspuás `m qum Vacgtj mdtrmogrg gc Um÷jr g cjs iu`ëjs, ccmvgrjd g Imsùs numrg `m cg eau`g` y cj erueanaegrjd. Kamdtrgs ejcoghg `m cg eruz, cjs cjs cë`mrms rmcaoajsjs cj vatupmrghgd `aeamd`j9 `aeamd`j9 –Ua mrms Baij `m @ajs, `mseamd`m `m cg eruz‛ (Kgtmj (Kgtmj 8?906) 8?906). Md mstg cmeeaõd `mhmrmkjs prmoudtgr9 –ºVjr quá dj sm sgcvõ Imsùs g së kaskj:‛. ºVjr quá kuraõ: ºPmdëgd rgzõd cjs sgemr`jtms y mserahgs gc `mear qum, sa Ác buhamrg sa`j mc Baij `m @ajs, sm bghrëg sgcvg`j g së kaskj: Mstgs prmoudtgs pum`md tmdmr rmspumstgs jpumstgs. Cg  prakmrg (cg mquavjeg`g) ms qum cg kumrtm `m Imsùs mrg cg prumhg `m qum dj mrg kçs qum ud bjkhrm `áhac qum bghëg egceucg`j kgc su adtmdtj `m gtrgmr cg gtmdeaõd pùhcaeg. Cg smoud`g rmspumstg (cg ejrrmetg) ms qum su kumrtm pusj `m kgdanamstj mc pj`mr, cg sgha`urëg y cg kasmraejr`ag `m @ajs. Ad`aeg g cg ecgsm qum, g km`a`g qum vgygkjs ejdjeamd`j kmijr cjs gejdtmeakamdtjs qum jeurramrjd md mc Egcvgraj bgem egsa 8666 g÷js, arç samd`j kçs jhvaj qum cg prakmrg rmspumstg ms ghsur`g, y cg smoud`g, vmr`g`mrg.

Mc egkadj bgeag mc Egcvgraj.  Xmeumr`g g cjs da÷js eõkj sm bghëg cgvg`j cgs kgdjs Vacgtj Vacg tj md mc iuaeaj `mc Um÷jr, y eõkj cm bghëg mdtrmog`j g cjs iu`ëjs. Xmejr`grçd mc hrutgc y bukaccgdtm trgtj qum cm bghëgd `g`j cjs sjc`g`js, iustj iust j gdtms `m qum ougr`ags y prasajdmrj  pgrtamrgd bgeag mc cuogr `m cg erueanaxaõd. erueanaxaõd. Cjs kgmstrjs pum`md kmdeajdgr `js `mtgccms qum tgc vmz pgrmzegd adsaodanaegdtms, pmrj qum tamdmd su akpjrtgdeag9 (7) Imsùs num sgeg`j  numrg `m cg eau`g` pgrg smr erueanaeg`j. Mc bmebj `m qum sm mebgrg gcoj j g gcouamd `m cg eau`g` ad`aeghg qum gcouamd j gcoj mrg `mtmstghcm y ghjrrmeahcm. Mstm mrg mc cuogr gc qum sm `mstmrrghg g cjs erakadgcms, g`jd`m sm mdvaghg g cjs cmprjsjs, y md mc qum sm ghjeghg cg hgsurg. Mc bmebj `m qum mc Um÷jr sunramrg

numrg `m cg eau`g` cm a`mdtanaeghg ejkj ud kgroadg`j, udg pmrsjdg 75978). ). ºVj`rëg smr mc Xmy `m ocjrag, mc rmebgzg`g (en.  Bmhrmjs 75978 Ugdtj: ¡Uë! Vjrqum @ajs jr`mdõ g Kjasás (md  (md Cmvëtaej 0977 ― 78, 78, 87< 87< 78>  

7>98?)) qum cg jnrmd`g pjr mc pmeg`j `m tj`j mc pumhcj sm sgegrg nnumrg umrg 7>98? `mc egkpgkmdtj y sm qumkgrg gccë. Pj`js cjs sgeranaeajs, ejkj getjs prjnátaejs, sm÷gcghgd gc orgd sgeranaeaj qum Erastj bgrëg. Q eugd`j kuraõ, gudqum cgs gutjra`g`ms gutjra`g`m s dj ejdjeëgd mc saodanaeg`j `m cj qum mstghgd bgeamd`j, cj jnrmeamrjd numrg `m cg eau`g` y, `m mstm kj`j, eukpcamrjd cg –prjnmeëg‛.  –prjnmeëg‛.  (8) Mc Um÷jr num mimeutg`j sjhrm sjh rm udg eruz, bmebg `m ud çrhjc. Vgrg cjs iu`ëjs mstj mrg pgrtaeucgrkmdtm `mtmstghcm, pjrqum sm cms bghëg mdsm÷g`j qum –kgc`atj pjr @ajs ms mc ejcog`j \`m ud çrhjc[‛ (@mutmrjdjkaj 87985 87985)). Vgrtm `m su 78?  

sunrakamdtj ejdsastaõ md mxpmrakmdtgr cj qum mrg mstgr smpgrg`j `m su Vg`rm y smdtarsm ghgd`jdg`j, `msgkpgrg`j, ejd`mdg`j y md sjcm`g` kamdtrgs quatghg quatg hg dumstrj pmeg`j. Um sadtaõ ejkj `mhmrmkjs smdtardjs djsjtrjs sa @ajs gcoudg vmz djs grrjig gc tmrrjr mtmrdj. Uunraõ cj qum djsjtrjs kmrmemkjs sunrar, pgrg ejkprgr dumstrg cahmrtg`. (n) Mc oratj nadgc `mc Um÷jr Imsùs. Iugd djs dgrrg sus ùctakgs  pgcghrgs9 –Ejdsukg`j –Ejdsukg`j ms‛ (Iugd 71956) 71956). Mstghg sgtasnmebj `m bghmr geghg`j tj`j cj dmemsgraj, `m kj`j qum mdtrmoõ mc mspëratu. Mxpcaeg qum Imsùs mrg rmgckmdtm mc Baij `m @ajs, y qum kuraõ pjr cgs saouamdtms rgzjdms (djs cakatgkjs g kmdeajdgr eugtrj `m mccgs  pgrg egusgr mc mc kçxakj akpgetj akpgetj pjr k km`aj m`aj `m udg cmeeaõd ejrtg) ejrtg)99

(7) Vjrqum djs gkõ. Mc bmebj sjrprmd`mdtm ms qum, gudqum dj cj kmrmemkjs (pjrqum djsjtrjs tgkhaád djs bghrëgkjs uda`j g cg kuctatu` qum gkõ oratõ9g su –¡Numrg, erueanëegcm!‛ \en. 7197=8986). Iugd 7197=[), [), mc ). Baij `m @ajs pumhcjnumrg, y sm mdtrmoõ pjr ác (\Iugd  Oçcgtgs 8986 Ác kaskj mxpcaeõ qum smrëg –cmvgdtg`j‛ (gsë ejkj Kjasás cmvgdtõ cg smrpamdtm md mc `msamrtj pgrg cjs mdnmrkjs) pgrg qum tj`j gqumc qum ermymsm md ác dj pmrmeamrg (ms `mear, qum dj kuramsm 597>). ). Md jtrg mtmrdgkmdtm), sadj qum tuvamrg va`g mtmrdg (en.  Iugd 597>  pjreaõd `m cg cg Mseraturg, Mseraturg, sm `mserahm `mserahm g së kaskj ejkj mc Humd Vgstjr 76). ). qum pjdm su va`g pjr sus jvmigs (en. Iugd 76 Va`m cjs da÷js adtmdtmd qum bgygd jë`j `m ggcouamd qumqum bgyg `jdg`jgsakacgr ud ra÷õdmstj. pgrgVum`m sgcvgrsmr cg va`g `m ud ngkacagr ‐ud ngkacagr  ‐ud –rmogcj‛ kgrgvaccjsj‐ , j bgstg `m gcouamd qum bgyg grramsog`j su va`g pgrg sgcvgr g ud gkaoj. Vmrj mc sgeranaeaj `mc Um÷jr supmrõ ejd ermems eugcquamr jtrj getj bukgdj `m hjd`g` y sgeranaeaj. Mc Baij `m @ajs  ‐ qum qum dj tmdëg pmeg`j ‐   mstuvj `aspumstj g vmdar g dumstrj kud`j mdnmrkj `m pmeg`j y g sjkmtmrsm gc bjrrahcm egstaoj `m mstm, pjr gkjr g su pumhcj. Mstj sjhrmpgsg dumstrg ejkprmdsaõd. ejkprmdsaõd.

(8) Vjrqum mstghg pgogd`j mc prmeaj `m dumstrj pmeg`j.   Cg

Hahcag djs `aem qum djs mstghg ejkprgd`j ejd su prjpag sgdorm (en.  86982). ). Mstghg pgogd`j cg `mu`g qum tmdëgkjs ejd dumstrj Bmebjs 86982 782  

72958). ). Djs mstghg rm`akamd`j `m cg kgc`aeaõd Bgem`jr (en. Kgtmj 72958 qum pmd`ëg sjhrm djsjtrjs pjr bghmr qumhrgdtg`j qumhrgdtg `j cg Cmy `m @ajs (en.  5975). ). Gc mdtrmogrsm ejkj mc Ejr`mrj `m @ajs, mstghg Oçcgtgs 5975 bgeamd`j mc sgeranaeaj pmrnmetj pjr tj`js dumstrjs pmdsgkamdtjs y getjs pmegkadjsjs y kgcjs (en. Iugd 7981). 7981). Mstghg `gd`j su va`g md rmsegtm pjr kuebjs, gc ccmvgr dumstrjs pmeg`js md su prjpaj eumrpj 8980). ). sjhrm mc kg`mrj (en. Kgtmj 86982< 86982)< 829> )< –ºVjrquá huseças mdtrm cjs kumrtjs gc qum vavm:‛ (Cuegs ( Cuegs 755  

809=). ). ºHusegrëg gcouamd mc ùctakj kj`mcj `m jr`mdg`jr md udg 809= tamd`g `m gdtaoóm`g`ms: ºUmrëg djrkgc husegr g ud gtcmtg jcëkpaej md ud bjogr `m cg tmremrg m`g`: ºVjr quá huseghgd msgs kuimrms g Erastj, mc mtmrdj y tj`jpj`mrjsj Baij `m @ajs (qum bghëg gdudeag`j su rmsurrmeeaõd `m cjs kumrtjs), md ud smpucerj:

(`) Erastj sm gpgrmeaõ g Kgrëg (en. Kgrejs 7>91 7>91978971< 7>971) (Prgs cg Gsemdsaõd, mc Um÷jr sm gpgrmeaõ g Mstmhgd, g Ugucj, y g Iugd md Vgtkjs< md tjtgc, egtjrem gpgraeajdms). Vrjdtj sm mkpmzõ g bghcgr gemreg `m su rmsurrmeeaõd pjr tj`g msg  pgrtm `mc kud`j, kud`j, y pjr tj`j tj`j mc akpmraj rjkgdj. rjkgdj. Cj qum djs mdsm÷g cg Xmsurrmeeaõd.  Ejd gyu`g `m ud smdeaccj ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc, prmsmdtg cgs saouamdtms a`mgs9 cg Xmsurrmeeaõd mdsm÷g qum…  qum… 

(7) Imsuerastj ms mc Baij `m @ajs,   g quamd sm bg `g`j tj`j mc  pj`mr md mc Eamcj y md cg Pamrrg (en.  Kgtmj 82972 82972). ). ºWuaád kçs bg rmormsg`j vaetjrajsj `m mdtrm cjs kumrtjs: Mc kud`j bg prj`uea`j adejdtghcms raejs, kuebjs ojhmrdgdtms pj`mrjsjs, prjnud`js  pmdsg`jrms, orgd`ms sjc`g`js, mte., pmrj tj`js tuvamrjd qum kjrar

ejkj sakpcms kjrtgcms. Ujcj mc Um÷jr Imsùs rmsueatõ `m cg kumrtm  pgrg hmd`mear g su pumhcj. Cg Xmsurrmeeaõd kumstrg qum Erastj ms mc jraomd y cg numdtm `m cg va`g9 mc @ajs pj`mrjsj. 750  

(8) Imsuerastj ms mc Ugcvg`jr qum sm bghëg prjkmta`j `ms`m mc  pradeapaj `m cjs tamkpjs g mstm kud`j pmr`a`j y egë`j. @ajs bg eukpca`j sus prjkmsgs bgstg mc kçs këdakj `mtgccm. Md cg prakmrg  prjkmsg qum mdejdtrgkjs mdejdtrgkjs md cg Mseraturg ejd rmspmetj g ud Ugcvg`jr (en.  (en. Oádmsas 597=) 597=), @ajs `aij qum ud `msemd`amdtm `msemd`amdt m `m G`çd sunrarëg pjr egusg `mc @aghcj, y qumhrgrëg mc pj`mr `mc kgcaodj. Md jtrgs pgcghrgs, mc Ugcvg`jr sunrarëg, pmrj sgc`rëg vaetjrajsj. Asgëgs djs `aem eõkj kgtgrëgd gc Ugcvg`jr, eõkj smrëg ejrtg`j, gzjtg`j y mdtmrrg`j eugd`j sm jnrmeamrg g së kaskj pjr cjs pmeg`jrms. Vmrj cumoj mc Vrjnmtg tgkhaád gnarkõ qum mc Ugcvg`jr vmrëg mc nrutj `m su jhrg, y gc pumhcj gc qum sgcvgrëg, y rmeaharëg cjs `mspjijs `m cg  hgtgccg< md jtrgs pgcghrgs9 vjcvmrëg g cg va`g (en.  Asgëgs =5976 ― 78). 78). Cg Xmsurrmeeaõd kumstrg qum Erastj eukpcm tj`gs cgs prjnmeëgs gemreg `m ud Ugcvg`jr.

(5) Imsuerastj tuvj ud áxatj rjtud`j md eugdtj g cg mxpageaõd `m cjs pmeg`js `m sus baijs. Mc bmebj `m qum dumstrj Xm`mdtjr vjcvamsm g cg va`g djs `g cg emrtmzg `m qum su jhrg md mc Egcvgraj num ud áxatj tjtgc. Cg `mu`g `mc pmeg`j bg sa`j pgog`g.

(0) Cg rmsurrmeeaõd `m Imsuerastj kumstrg cj qum cms jeurrarç   ud `ëg g tj`js cjs qum cm pmrtmdmzegd. Xmsueatgrçd tgkhaád ejd dumvjs eumrpjs. Eugd`j Erastj rmormsm pgrg pjdmr nad g mstm kud`j  prmsmdtm, trgmrç trgmrç ejd Ác Ác g tj`js cjs cjs ermymdtms qum yg bgygd bgygd kumrtj kumrtj y bgygd a`j gc Eamcj. Ecgrj mstç qum smrçd sjcj gckgs, pjrqum bghrçd `mig`j su eumrpj gc kjrar. Vmrj, eugd`j mc Um÷jr rmormsm, sus eumrpjs rmsueatgrçd ejd udg njrkg dumvg y ocjrajsg, ejkj cg `mc eumrpj rmsueatg`j `m Erastj. Mc eumrpj `m Imsùs djs gyu`g g ejkprmd`mr msm ocjrajsj gejdtmeakamdtj nuturj. Md 7 Pmsgcjdaemdsms 097> ― 7?  7?  cmmkjs9 –Vjrqum mc Um÷jr kaskj ejd vjz `m kgd`j, ejd vjz `m greçdomc, y ejd trjkpmtg `m @ajs, `msemd`mrç `mc eamcj< y cjs kumrtjs md Erastj rmsueatgrçd prakmrj. Cumoj djsjtrjs cjs qum vavakjs, cjs qum bgygkjs qum`g`j, smrmkjs grrmhgtg`js grrmhgtg`js iudtgkmdtm ejd mccjs md cgs duhms pgrg rmeahar

gc Um÷jr md mc garm, y gsë mstgrmkjs samkprm samkprm ejd mc Um÷jr . .  Ejd cgs pgcghrgs `mc bakdj, pj`mkjs `mear9 75=  

 Dumstrj Xmy vumcvm g vavar9  º@õd`m, jb kumrtm, tu gouaiõd:  Ác kuraõ pgrg sgcvgr.  Mc smpucerj dj vmdeaõ. 

ºWuá `g÷j pum`m bgemrdjs cg c g kumrtm: Qg dj ms kçs qum cg pumrtg `m mdtrg`g g udg va`g `m `aebg mtmrdg ejd dumstrj Ugcvg`jr. Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum cjs dj ermymdtms tmkmd g cg kumrtm, kamdtrgs qum cjs erastagdjs `msmgd –mstgr ejd Erastj, Erastj, cj eugc ms kuebësakj kmijr‛ (Nacapmdsms 7985 7985). ). Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 

@ahuig cg sacumtg `m ud smpucerj jramdtgc ejd udg orgd pam`rg qum  pum`g rj`gr cgtmrgckmdtm. cgtmrgckmdtm. G km`a`g km`a`g qum gvgdems ejd cg cmeeaõd, cmeeaõd, vm sgegd`j `m `mtrçs `m cg pam`rg udgs tgrimtgs md cgs qum vgygd akprmsgs cgs eugtrj cmeeajdms qum djs mdsm÷g cg Xmsurrmeeaõd, pjr mimkpcj9 (7) Imsuerastj ms mc Baij `m @ajs.

MC UGC^G@JX9 MU ^MX@G@MXGKMDPM MC BAIJ @M @AJU (7=1)  Xmpgsj  Vrjpõsatj9 Pjegr cjs ejrgzjdms `m cjs da÷js bgeamd`j ud rmpgsj `m tj`g cg adnjrkgeaõd qum bgd jë`j gemreg `mc Um÷jr Imsùs, qum ad`aeg qum Ác ms mc Baij `m @ajs qum `aj ` aj su va`g pgrg sgcvgr g cjs pme pmeg`jrms. g`jrms. Advatgrcms g `gr mc pgsj `m nm qum cjs ejd`uearç g Ác ejkj su Um÷jr y Ugcvg`jr.  Adtrj`ueeaõd pgrg cjs kgmstrjs 

Eg`g udg `m cgs cmeeajdms `m mstg smram adecuym rmnmrmdeags g Erastj ejkj mc –Baij `m @ajs‛. Cg kgyjrëg mkpcmg mstgs pgcghrgs mxgetg mxgetgs. s. G cg bjrg `m ejkprjhgr cj qum rmeumr`gd cjs da÷js y cj qum bgd mdtmd`a`j, smrç `m orgd gyu`g `mstgegr mstgs nrgsms y cumoj ejkpcmtgrcgs ejd cjs suemsjs qum cgs rj`mgrjd.

 Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd  75>  

(7) –Pù mrms mc Erastj, mc Baij `mc @ajs vavamdtm‛   (Kgtmj

7>97>). ). 7>97> ºWuaád `aij mstgs pgcghrgs gc Um÷jr Imsùs: º@õd`m cgs prjdudeaõ: ºWuaád `meëg cg omdtm qum mrg Imsùs: ºWuá prm`aij mc Ugcvg`jr qum cm jeurrarëg eugd`j ccmogrg g Imrusgcád: (8) –Mstm ms ka Baij gkg`j, md quamd tmdoj ejkpcgemdeag‛  

(Kgtmj 7?9= 7?9=). ). G÷g`m cgs trms ùctakgs pgcghrgs prjdudeag`gs pjr cg vjz qum sgcëg `m cg duhm. ºWuaád cgs jyõ y `õd`m: ºWuaád kçs gpgrmeaõ ejd mc Um÷jr Imsùs y bghcõ ejd Ác md mstg jegsaõd: ºEuçc mrg cg gpgramdeag `m Erastj: (5) –¡Bjsgddg gc Baij `m @gva`!  ¡Hmd`atj

mc qum vamdm md mc 8791). ). ºWuaád prjdudeaõ mstgs pgcghrgs djkhrm `mc Um÷jr!‛ (Kgtmj (Kgtmj 8791 y euçd`j: ºWuá jtrgs ejsgs adusugcms sm baeamrjd msm `ëg: Kçs tgr`m, cg omdtm `m Imrusgcád rmebgzõ gc Ugcvg`jr. Eugd`j mc Um÷jr ccjrõ pjr cg eau`g`, ºeõkj sm `mserahaõ g së kaskj y su `msmj `m  prjtmomrcms::  prjtmomrcms (0) –Gquë vamdm mc mspjsj‛ (Kgtmj  (Kgtmj 8=9> 8=9>). ). Md mstg bastjrag qum mc

Um÷jr eumdtg, ºquaád dj mstghg prmpgrg`j pgrg rmeahar gc mspjsj: ºEuçdtgs vëromdms mstghgd `aspumstgs: ºWuá cmeeaõd mdsm÷õ mc Um÷jr ejd mstg pgrçhjcg: (=) –Mstm ms mc bmrm`mrj \baij[< vmda`, kgtákjscm,  

y gpj`mrákjdjs `m su bmrm`g`‛ (Kgtmj (Kgtmj 87952). 87952). ºWuaád `aij msgs  pgcghrgs md cg pgrçhjcg `m `m cjs Cghrg Cghrg`jrms `jrms kgcvg`js: kgcvg`js: ºG quaá quaádd kçs bghëgd kgtg`j gdtms: ºW uá`mbazj ºWuá nadgckmdtm mc `um÷j `m cgmdva÷g: ºG quaád rmprmsmdtg mc `um÷j cg va÷g: ºG quaád sm kgtõ cg va`g rmgc: ºVgrg mc rmormsj `m quaád `mhmrëgkjs mstgr prmpgrg`js: (>) –\@adjs[ sa mrms tù mc Erastj, mc Baij `m @ajs‛  (Kgtmj 8>9>5). 8>9>5).

ºWuaád `aij msgs pgcghrgs g Imsùs y euçd`j: ºG quá bjrg num grrmstg`j Imsùs: ºWuaád cm bghëg trgaeajdg`j gdtm cjs pradeapgcms sgemr`jtms y cjs gdeagdjs: ºMd quá sm `anmrmdeaõ mc iuaeaj `mc Um÷jr Imsùs `mc `ëg md qum @ajs djs iuzogrç g eg`g udj `m djsjtrjs: (?) –ºMrms tù mc rmy `m cjs iu`ëjs:‛   (Kgtmj

8?977). ). ºWuaád 8?977

 prmoudtõ mstj gc Um÷jr: ºG quá eácmhrm prasajdmrj prmnaraõ cg kuctatu` qum sm sjctgsm md vmz `m g Imsùs: ºWuá mxaoamrjd qum sm 75?  

baeamrg ejd Imsùs: ºMd quá kj`j cjs sjc`g`js trgtgrjd  hurcjdgkmdtm  hurcjdgk mdtm g Imsùs ejkj ejkj Xmy: (2) –Ua mrms Baij `m @ajs,  `mseamd`m `m cg eruz‛ eruz‛ (Kgtmj (Kgtmj

8?906 8?906). ). ºWuaád adsuctõ gc Um÷jr Imsùs y sm hurcõ `m Ác ejd mstgs pgcghrgs eugd`j pmd`ëg `m cg eruz: ºVjr quá dj sm hgiõ `m cg eruz: ºVjr quá mxecgkõ9 –@ajs këj, @ajs këj, ºpjr quá km bgs `msgkpgrg`j:‛ 8?90>)). ºWuá ejdsaouaõ mc Ugcvg`jr pjr km`aj `m su kumrtm (Kgtmj 8?90>  pgrg tj`js cjs qum ermmd md Ác: ºWuá `aimrjd gemreg `m Imsùs mc emdturaõd y cjs qum mstghgd ejd ác adkm`agtgkmdtm `mspuás `m cg kumrtm `m Erastj: (1) –Dj mstç gquë, pums bg rmsueatg`j‛  (Kgtmj

829>). 829>). ºWuaád `aij mstgs pgcghrgs: ºWuá `ëg `m cg smkgdg cgs prjdudeaõ: Eugd`j cgs kuimrms qum jymrjd mstgs pgcghrgs numrjd g `meërsmcj g cjs `aseëpucjs `m Imsùs, ºejd quaád sm mdejdtrgrjd: ºWuaád kçs vaj gc Ugcvg`jr rmsueatg`j:

Ejdecusaõd. Eamrrg cg cmeeaõd y cg smram ejdtgd`j g cg ecgsm qum, `mspuás `m gpgrmemrsm g cjs `aseëpucjs ejd kuebgs prumhgs arrmnutghcms `urgdtm eugrmdtg `ëgs, y trgs mdsm÷grcms tj`j cj qum dmemsatghgd sghmr pgrg cg jhrg `mc Mvgdomcaj qum tmdëgd pjr `mcgdtm, mc Um÷jr gsemd`aõ g cjs eamcjs (en. Bmebjs 798 ― 5). Mxprmsg tu pmsgr ejd mc kaskj mspëratu `mc mseratjr `m mstm bakdj md eugdtj g tmdmr qum tmrkadgr mstg kgrgvaccjsg –hajorgnëg‛ `mc Ugcvg`jr9  Ugcvg`jr9   Dj pj`rëg egdtgr     egdeaõd kçs emcmstagc< dadoùd gkjr, jb Xmy,  gc tuyj aougcgrç.   Ka Gkaoj ms,  cm gcghgrá    yj sad emsgr    pjr samkprm g Ác. 

Advatg`mear, g ar, tusejd gcukdjs dudeg sgtasnmebjs bgstg qum , y @ajs  pum`gd `me Pjkçs,gmcdj qum qummstgr udg vmz `u`õ9 `u`õ 9 –Um÷jr këj

këj‛ (Iugd 86982 86982). ). Mdtjdems njrkgrçd pgrtm `mc orgd orupj `m  pmrsjdgs `m tj`j mc kud`j y `m tj`js cjs saocjs `m cg Bastjrag qum 752  

cm `grçd cg hamdvmda`g g su rmormsj g cg Pamrrg, y qum pjr bghmr sa`j sgcvg`js pjr Ác, pgsgrçd cg mtmrda`g` gcghgd`j gcg hgd`j g su Ugcvg`jr y @ @ajs. ajs. Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 

]tacazg cg mstrmccg `mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc E^ 76 `m Mdsm÷gdzgs  pgrg tj`g cg va`g 5, p.  p. 88>. 88>. Md cgs smas pudtgs `m cg mstrmccg, mserahm smas `m cjs tëtucjs `m cg cmeeaõd (suomrakjs (suomrakjs qum sm mserahgd cjs tëtucjs `m cjs gpgrtg`js 7, 8, 5, >, ? y 1). Md mc eëreucj emdtrgc mserahm9 ºW]AÁD @AIJ: ]tacazg cg mstrmccg `jhcg`g pgrg qum cjs da÷js sm kgdtmdogd adtraog`js y gtmdtjs g cj cgroj `m cg ecgsm< vm `mspcmogd`j eg`g pudtg g km`a`g qum cms vgygs prmoudtgd`j ejd rmspmetj g cg cmeeaõd ejrrmspjd`amdtm. ejrrmspjd`amdtm.

751  

@meakjdjvmdg smram 

Mstu`aj `m pmrsjdgims9 @gdamc y Dmbmkëgs  7>6. ‐   ‐  Cmgctg`  Cmgctg`  @gdamc ms ud ijvmd md tamrrg mxtrgdimrg, pmrj sm kgdtamdm narkm md mc Um÷jr. ºEuçc ms mc smermtj `m su áxatj: Uu cmgctg`, qum gc pradeapaj cm gkmdgzg ejd ccmvgrcm gc `msgstrm, tmrkadg `gd`j cuogr g udg kmijr  pjsaeaõd pgrg ác y g ud hamd `urg`mrj. Cjs iõvmdms qum smgd vmr`g`mrjs ejdvmrsjs bgrçd ud `mseuhrakamdtj sakacgr pjr së kaskjs.

7>7. ‐   ‐  Jrouccj  Jrouccj  Mc rmy Dghuej`jdjsjr rmeahm mxtrgjr`adgrags g`vmrtmdeags `m pgrtm `m @ajs, pmrj pmrkatm qum mc jrouccj sm gpj`mrm `m ác. ]d sadnëd `m  pmrsjdgs tamdmd qum gprmd`mr pjr cgs kgcgs gc nadgc `mc vagim `m cg va`g. ºDjs jeurrarç cj kaskj:  ‐  @msprmeaj 7>8. ‐   @msprmeaj bgeag @ajs  Hmcsgsgr pmeg, sad mc kmdjr rmpgrj, ejdtrg mc @ajs tj`jpj`mrjsj, `m cg kgdmrg kçs mxtrmkg y prjvjeg`jrg. @m rmpmdtm, @ajs adtmrrukpm su namstg pgrg gdudeagr udg smdtmdeag tmrrahcm. Md pjegs bjrgs sm geghgrç mc orgd akpmraj hghacõdaej y cg va`g `m Hmcsgsgr kaskj. Cg Hahcag g`vamrtm ejdtrg mc `msprmeaj bgeag mc Um÷jr.

7>5. ‐  ºNa`mca`g`, j emcjs rmdejrjsjs:  Mstg cmeeaõd prjpjreajdg ud numrtm ejdtrgstm mdtrm cg gkhaeaõd, cg mdva`ag y cg kgcaeag qum kjtavg g ud orupj `m bjkhrms, y cg na`mca`g` `m @gdamc. Ejkj rmsuctg`j `m cgs adtraogs `m mstjs, @gdamc ms grrjig`j gc njsj `m cjs cmjdms, pmrj mc Um÷jr cj rmsegtg. ºWuá ejdiudtj `m vgcjrms ejdtrjcgrçd y `mtmrkadgrçd mc eursj `m dumstrg va`g: 7>0. ‐  Vrmjeupgeaõd `msadtmrmsg`g 

Gc vavar cmijs `m Imrusgcád, rj`mg`j `m pjkpg y pj`mr, Dmbmkëgs  pj`rëg bghmr jcva`g`j su pgtrag. Uad mkhgroj, su ùdaeg 706  

 prmjeupgeaõd mrg mc Um÷jr y su jhrg. Pj`js cjs qum ejdjemd gc  prmjeupgeaõd Um÷jr ejkj su Ugcvg`jr sm samdtmd gsë.

7>=. ‐   ‐  @measaõd  @measaõd y vgcjr  Hgij ejdstgdtms gkmdgzgs y gtgqums, Dmbmkëgs ejdsaoum rmejdstruar cjs kurjs `m cg eau`g` md eadeumdtg y `js `ëgs, orgeags g su adqumhrgdtghcm cmgctg` gc Um÷jr. Ugtgdçs mkpcmg tj`j tapj `m mstrgtgomkgs pgrg gkmdgzgrcm y gsustgrcm, y utacazg Gprmd`mr kátj`js kgcaeajsjs sakacgrms ejdtrg cgs gckgs md cg getugca`g`. gemreg `m Dmbmkëgs pum`m smrdjs `m orgd gyu`g.

7>>. ‐   ‐  Hjd`g`  Hjd`g`  Cg `mvjeaõd `msadtmrmsg`g `m Dmbmkëgs y su sgeranaeaj pmrsjdgc  pmrkatmd qum sm m`anaqumd cjs kurjs `m Imrusgcád, y qum cg eau`g` sm rmnumrem md tj`js cjs smdta`js. Uu hjd`g` djs rmeumr`g gc gkjr `mc Um÷jr Imsùs, qum vadj `mc Eamcj pgrg rmsegtgr g cjs pmeg`jrms  pmr`a`js, pgogd`j pgogd`j ud org orgdd prmeaj. 7>?. ‐   ‐  Adejdstgdeag  Adejdstgdeag  Mc cahrj `m Dmbmkëgs geghg ejd udg djtg trastm. Kamdtrgs Dmbmkëgs mstç gusmdtm, mc pumhcj `m Imrusgcád vumcvm g sus egkadjs  pmegkadjsjs.. Ugtgdçs sm mdeumdtrg samkprm gc gemebj md huseg `m  pmegkadjsjs udg jpjrtuda`g` pgrg bgemrdjs egmr `m dumvj md sus egkadjs. ºMstgkjs prmpgrg`js pgrg bgemrcm nrmdtm: 7>2. ‐  Xmpgsj  –Kçs qum tj`js kas mdsm÷g`jrms bm mdtmd`a`j, mdtmd`a`j, pjrqum tus tmstakjdajs sjd ka km`atgeaõd‛ (Ugckj (Ugckj 771911 771911). ). Cjs da÷js qum bgygd smoua`j mstg smram ejd gtmdeaõd tmd`rçd ud mdtmd`akamdtj kçs prjnud`j `mc egrçetmr qum mc `m kuebjs g`uctjs.  Adtrj`ueeaõd g cg smram pgrg cjs kgmstrjs 

Mstg smram smrç `m orgd gyu`g, pjrqum pcgdtmg ud rmtj g cjs da÷js md eugdtj gc mstu`aj `m pmrsjdgims. Ms jhvaj qum, `ms`m udg m`g`

tmkprgdg, cjs da÷js akatgd mc ejkpjrtgkamdtj `m cgs pmrsjdgs qum jhsmrvgd md mc kud`j g`uctj. Bgstg cjs prmmsejcgrms `mea`md qum `m kgyjrms cms oustgrëg smr hjkhmrjs, gzgngtgs, mte. G pmsgr `m mstj, mc 707  

kud`j m`uegtavj smeucgr bg ghgd`jdg`j ghgd`jdg` j md orgd pgrtm cg njrkgeaõd `mc egrçetmr pjr km`aj `m mimkpcjs pjsatavjs prmsmdtg`js g trgvás `m cahrjs j pmcëeucgs. Um `ms`m÷gd cgs nçhucgs kjrgcastgs. Gc ejdtrgraj, cg kgyjrëg `m cjs mdtrmtmdakamdtjs `aspjdahcms pgrg cjs  iõvmdms `m bjy bjy cjs pmrvamrtmd y cjs `mprgvgd. `mprgvgd. Vgrg cjs kgmstrjs `m mseumcg `jkadaegc rmsuctg kuy saodanaegtavj qum mc Um÷jr bgyg `aspumstj orgd pgrtm `m su Vgcghrg md njrkg dgrrgtavg. Vrmsmdtg udg orgd vgram`g` `m tapjs `m egrçetmr pgrg adstruar g cjs iõvmdms. ¡Euçdtg ocjrag cm `gkjs pjr bghmrdjs ejdem`a`j kj`mcjs ejkj @gdamc y Dmbmkëgs! Ms kuy akpjrtgdtm qum pj`gkjs prmsmdtgrcjs ejkj bjkhrms qum `mstgegrjd pjr su egrçetmr y qum hraccgrjd md km`aj `m su omdmrgeaõd ejkj pacgrms `m njrtgcmzg y qum, ejd cg gyu`g `m @ajs, ejdsaouamrjd orgd`ms  hmdmnaeajs pgrg pgrg cgs pmrsjdgs g cgs cgs qum sarvamrjd. sarvamrjd.

CMGCPG@ (7>6)  @gdamc rmebgzg cg ejka`g `mc Xmy   @gdamc 7  Vrjpõsatj9  Kjstrgr qum cjs vmr`g`mrjs erastagdjs pum`md kgdtmdmrsm narkms pjr mc Um÷jr nrmdtm g udg orgd g`vmrsa`g` y  pmcaorj, pjrqum rmgckmdtm cm ejdjemd y bgd smdta`j pmrsjdgckmdtm su gkjr y su kasmraejr`ag. Mxbjrtgr g cjs da÷js g qum husqumd udg mxpmramdeag gsë md cg ejdvmrsaõd. mxpmramdeag  Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd 

(7) Hghacjdag9 udg orgd eau`g`. Gyu`g g cg ecgsm g akgoadgrsm cg ccmog`g `mc ijvmd @gdamc g cg mspcád`a`g eau`g` `m Hghacjdag, cg eau`g` kçs orgd`m `mc kud`j `m gqumc tamkpj. Mdtrgrëg pjr cg orgd  pumrtg `m Astgr, ejd su akprmsajdgdtm akprmsajdgdtm `mejrgeaõd, `mejrgeaõd, y g`kargrëg cjs sõca`js kurjs `jhcms qum njrtanaeghgd cg eau`g` ( en. E^ 1, p.  p. 702 702). ). ]dg md vmzudg `mdtrj, @gdamc vmrëg cg gkpcagkj`mrdg, rm` `m egrrmtmrgs, trgzg`gsy ejkj eau`g` mstg`juda`mdsm cgrogs, rmetgs

 pgrgcmcgs, `asm÷g`gs pgrg `mkjstrgr cg orgd`mzg y cg ocjrag `m cjs E^ Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 708  

 hghacjdajs y `m su rmy Dghuej`jdjsjr. Md gctj, pjr mdeakg `m cjs  pgcgeajs, ejdtmkpcgrëg ejdtmkpcgrëg udg `m cgs vastgs kçs orgd`ajsgs9 cjs igr`adms ejcogdtms `m Hghacjdag.

(8) Hghacjdag9 ºpjr quá mstghg gccë @gdamc: Mxpcaeg qum @gdamc bghëg vmda`j `m cg tamrrg `m Iu`ç, `jd`m, `ms`m kuy da÷j, sm cm bghëg mdsm÷g`j g ejdjemr cgs Mseraturgs y g ermmr md mc @ajs `mc qum mstgs bghcghgd. Vrjhghcmkmdtm bghëg tmda`j udg kg`rm kuy pag`jsg qum, `ms`m sus prakmrjs `ëgs, cm bghëg mdsm÷g`j g jrgr y g ejdnagr md mc Um÷jr, su Ugcvg`jr. @mserahm cjs trçoaejs `ëgs qum @gdamc bghëg vava`j rmeamdtmkmdtm. Um bghëg gsjkg`j ejd bjrrjr g cjs kurjs `m Imrusgcád pgrg vmr eõkj mc pj`mrjsj rmy `m Hghacjdag y su miáreatj rj`mghgd cg eau`g` y cg gascghgd, bgstg qum, g pudtj `m kjrar `m adgdaeaõd, sm bghëgd vastj jhcaog`js g em`mr g sus mxaomdeags. Mc pg`rm `m @gdamc, ud  prëdeapm, bghëg kumrtj tgc vmz adtmdtgd`j `mnmd`mr `mnmd`mr cg eau`g`. Uus msnumrzjs bghrëgd sa`j adùtacms, yg qum, ejkj bghëgd prm`aebj cjs  prjnmtgs, @ajs sm `aspjdëg g egstaogr gc rmy y gc pumhcj `m Iu`ç pjr sus egkadjs pmrvmrsjs. Cjs ùctakjs rmyms sm bghëgd gpgrtg`j `mc Um÷jr, bghëgd qumhrgdtg`j sus kgd`gkamdtjs, bghëgd g`jrg`j g jtrjs `ajsms y bghëgd pmrkata`j qum cgs prçetaegs kçs vacms y  pmrvmrsgs sm ccmvgrgd g eghj gud `mdtrj `mc Pmkpcj kaskj. Gbjrg ahgd g sunrar cgs ejdsmeumdeags. Md vmz `m rmeahar cg prjtmeeaõd `avadg, ejkj md cjs g÷js gdtmrajrms, mc rmy `m Iu`ç num bukaccg`j y tuvj qum mdtrmogr tj`gs cgs ejsgs `m vgcjr. G pgrtar `m msm kjkmdtj `mhëg eukpcar cgs õr`mdms qum rmeahamrg `m Hghacjdag. Cjs  hghacjdajs bghëgd pumstj md nacg g @gdamc iudtj ejd jtrjs iõvmdms  iu`ëjs `m su m`g` y cj bghëgd mcmoa`j pgrg bgemr mc vagim `m 7>66 lk bgstg Hghacjdag.

(5) Hghacjdag9 udg orgd jpjrtuda`g`. @mserahm eõkj, `m mdtrm cjs kuebjs kacms `m iõvmdms iu`ëjs qum bghëgd sa`j mdvag`js g cg egpatgc `mc kud`j `m gqumccjs `ëgs, cjs nudeajdgrajs `m  Dghuej`jdjsjr  Dghuej`j djsjr bghëgd mcmoa`j g @gdamc @gdamc y g udjs eugdtjs eugdtjs kçs pgrg

qum rmeahamsmd udg njrkgeaõd mspmeagc md cg ejrtm `mc Xmy. Vgrtm `m cg pjcëtaeg akpmragc ejdsastëg md msejomr eua`g`jsgkmdtm g iõvmdms eau`g`gdjs `m eugca`g`ms mxempeajdgcms y mdsm÷grcms g g`kadastrgr 705  

cgs ejcjdags, y tgkhaád pgrg mdraqumemr mc mdtmd`akamdtj eucturgc `mc Ojhamrdj `mc rmy. @gdamc mrg udj `m cjs pjejs iõvmdms iu`ëjs qum bghëgd egusg`j tgc akprmsaõd pjr su humdg sgcu`, su nësaej, su adtmcaomdeag y su ejdjeakamdtj, y bghëg sa`j mcmoa`j pgrg udarsm g msm mquapj `m mcatm. @mhëgd mstu`agr cg catmrgturg y mc a`ajkg `m cjs egc`mjs. Uu rgeaõd `m ejka`g y vadj `agrag `mhëg prjem`mr `armetgkmdtm `m cgs `mspmdsgs y cgs hj`mogs `mc Xmy. @mspuás `m trms g÷js `m m`uegeaõd geg`ákaeg y nësaeg `m egrçetmr adtmdsavj, mstjs iõvmdms mstghgd `mstadg`js g `m`aegrsm gc smrvaeaj  pmrsjdgc `mc Xmy. Jtrjs kuebjs g`jcmsemdtms egutavjs smrëgd utacazg`js ejkj msecgvjs j ejkj kgdj `m jhrg prmsead`ahcm md cjs miáreatjs hghacjdajs. Uad mkhgroj, @gdamc y ud pmqum÷j orupj smcmetj tmdëgd udgs bghaca`g`ms tgd sjhrmsgcamdtms qum ahgd g rmeahar cg njrkgeaõd `m ud prëdeapm.

(0) Hghacjdag9 mc prjorgkg `m rmm`uegeaõd `mc Xmy. Cjs da÷js ejkprmd`mrçd sad msnumrzj qum msg mspcád`a`g egpatgc adtaka`grëg nçeackmdtm g @gdamc pjr su pj`mr y su `msgrrjccj kj`mrdj. Vj`rëg bghmrcm rjhg`j sad prjhcmkgs su cmgctg` y su `mvjeaõd bgeag mc @ajs qum g`jrghg. @mspuás `m tj`j, su prjpaj pgës bghëg sa`j bukaccg`j y gncaoa`j. Mc mstu`aj md cg geg`mkag kçs gvgdzg`g `mc kud`j, y cg mxpmramdeagg `m cg va`g y cg ejeadg egc`mgs sad `u`g cm bghrëgd bmebj mxpmramdea jcva`gr su ngkacag y sus cgzjs gdtmrajrms, adecua`g su rmcaoaõd, y g`jptgr cg dumvg eucturg ejkj sa numsm cg suyg. Kuebjs sum÷js `m ocjrags nuturgs hgacgrëgd nçeackmdtm gdtm cjs jijs `m @gdamc. Um bghëg ejdvmrta`j ejdvmrta `j md ud gprmd`az `m kçxakj davmc md cg ejrtm `mc Xmy, y msj cm ogrgdtazgrëg ogrgdtazgr ëg udj `m cjs kçs gctjs egrojs `mc akpmraj. Ms pjsahcm qum sm akgoadgrg vjcvamd`j g egsg ejkj ojhmrdg`jr `m tj`g cg rmoaõd. Mstm sum÷j mrg udg pjsahaca`g` rmgc. Ujcj bghëg udg ejd`aeaõd, qum sm cmspgrmeëg `aimrg.nçeac `m eukpcar9 cjs mstu`agdtms tmdëgd qum bgemr cj qum

Cg erasas pmrsjdgc `m @gdamc. Md gqumccjs `ëgs, @ajs bghëg `aebj qum quamdms cm sarvamrgd y cm gkgrgd `mhëgd `mkjstrgrcj md cg njrkg 700  

saouamdtm9 dj `mhëgd ejkmr eamrtjs gcakmdtjs, ejkj, pjr mimkpcj, emr`j, da gqumccjs qum sm jnrmeamrgd g cjs ë`jcjs. Gyu`g g cjs da÷js g ejkprmd`mr mc vgcjr y cg `mtmrkadgeaõd qum dmemsatgrëgd @gdamc y sus gkaojs pgrg rmebgzgr cjs gcakmdtjs jnmdsavjs. Cj kçs smourj ms qum sm tuvamrgd qum mdnrmdtgr g9 (g) Mc pmcaorj. @gdamc gkghg g @ajs, pmrj, sa ougr`ghg mstm kgd`gkamdtj, kgd`gk amdtj, ejrrëg mc ramsoj `m mdjigr g sus dumvjs sm÷jrms, y mstj cm bgrëg egmr md `msorgeag y pj`rëg trgmrcm cg kumrtm pjr bghmr adsuctg`j gc Xmy `msprmeagd`j sus prjvasajdms. ºJsgrëg ºJsgrë g em÷arsm g sus  pradeapajs eugd`j eugd`j bghëg tgdtj tgdtj md iumoj: iumoj: (h) Cg hurcg `m cjs `mkçs mstu`agdtms. Akgoadg cg kjng y cgs rasgs qum pj`ëgd mspmrgr `m sus ejcmogs eugd`j gdudeagrgd su `measaõd `m dj ejkmr udjs gcakmdtjs tgd sueucmdtjs pjr rgzjdms rmcaoajsgs (rmeumr`g g tus gcukdjs qum pj`rëgd mdnrmdtgrsm g ud gpurj sakacgr sa, gc sgcar ejd sus ejkpg÷mrjs `m mseumcg, sm dmogsmd g hmhmr gcejbjc j g vmr vë`mjs adkjrgcms). Cjs iõvmdms `m bjy sjd tmdtg`js  pjr cgs dumvgs ejrramdtms `m ejd`uetgs mojëstgs m adkjrgcms qum ssmm rmejkamd`gd md mc eadm y md cg tmcmvasaõd. Vmrj cjs erastagdjs tjkgd  pjsaeaõd pjr mc Um÷jr y prmnamrmd prmnamrmd jhm`memrcm, jhm`memrcm, gc pr prmeaj meaj qum smg. (e) Cg mxpucsaõd `m mstm eursj pravacmoag`j. Cjs iõvmdms `m tj`j mc kud`j md gqumc tamkpj bghrëgd mdva`ag`j mc cuogr qum @gdamc jeupghg md ud eursj gsë, ejd tj`gs cgs kgrgvaccjsgs pjsahaca`g`ms y mc prmstaoaj qum supjdëg. ºMstghg prmpgrg`j pgrg grramsogr su  pjsaeaõd: (Ejkmdtg (Ejkmdtg g cg ecgsm ecgsm eõkj, bgstg bgstg bgem pjej, pjej, md cjs pgësms ejkudastgs, g cjs iõvmdms ermymdtms sm cms dmoghg udg pcgzg md cg udavmrsa`g` sa dj rmdmoghgd `m su nm).

Cg `measaõd `m @gdamc9 tjkgr pjsaeaõd pjr mc Um÷jr.  ºWuá `mhëg bgemr @gdamc: ºG quaád `mhëg jhm`memr: Cmijs `m egsg y `m sus pg`rms, bghrëg sa`j nçeac pgrg ác bgemr cj kaskj qum cjs `mkçs mstu`agdtms y jhm`memr g su dumvj sm÷jr, qum tmdëg tgdtj qum jnrmemrcm. Vmrj da mc gsemdsj prjkmta`j da cgs tmdtg`jrgs djvm`g`ms  pu`amrjd pmrsug`arcm pmrsug`arcm `m qum `msjhm`meamrg `msjhm`meamrg gc Um÷jr. @gdamc dj

adtmdtõ msejd`mr su prjhcmkg j tjkgr cg sgca`g `m cjs ejhgr`ms. Bghcõ ghamrtgkmdtm gc imnm `m cjs nudeajdgrajs y `miõ ecgrg su  pjsturg9 dj pj`ëg pj`ëg tjkgr da `m cg ejka`g ejka`g da `mc vadj `mc `mc Xmy. 70=  

ºVjr quá tjkgr udg `measaõd gsë: Gyu`g g cg ecgsm g gvmraougr  pjr quá quá ud ijvmd, ijvmd, g 7666 7666 lk `m su bjogr, bjogr, sm mxpjd`rëg mxpjd`rëg g tgc pmcaorj pmcaorj y `migrëg `m cg`j udgs jpjrtuda`g`ms tgd tmdtg`jrgs. Ua @ajs numrg sjcj ud prj`uetj `m cg akgoadgeaõd, ºbghrëg kjstrg`j @gdamc udg vgcmdtëg smkmigdtm: Cg rmspumstg ms9 ¡Dj! Mc @ajs `m @gdamc mrg ud @ajs rmgc, gc qum ejdjeëg y gkghg, ud @ajs gc qum jrghg tj`js cjs `ëgs y euygs hmd`aeajdms y gyu`g mxpmrakmdtghg ejd nrmeumdeag. @gdamc ejdjeëg y cmëg cgs Mseraturgs, qum mxpcaeghgd tgdtgs ejsgs kuebj kmijr qum cg catmrgturg `m cjs egc`mjs. Cg mxpcaegeaõd qum `ghg `m dumstrj kud`j y cg rgzõd qum jnrmeëg `mc ejkpjrtgkamdtj bukgdj sm giustghgd namckmdtm g cg rmgca`g`. Uus cmyms y kgd`gkamdtjs mrgd kuy sghajs y hmdmnaeajsjs. @gdamc @gda mc bghëg ermë`j, y bghëg mxpmrakmdtg`j eõkj @ajs pmr`jdghg sus pmeg`js. Ejdjemr g @ajs md mstg njrkg tgd rmgc y eamrtg mrg cj ùdaej qum cm egpgeatghg  pgrg kgdtmdmrsm kgdtmdmrsm narkm y `mear9 –¡Mstjy `mc cg`j `mc Um÷jr! Dj ejkmrá cg ejka`g `mc Xmy‛.  Xmy‛.  ºVj`rëgkjs tjkgr cg kaskg `measaõd: Mxpcaeg g cjs da÷js qum cj kaskj cms pj`rç suem`mr g mccjs. Dj bgy pjsahaca`g` `m rmsastarsm g cgs tmdtgeajdms `mc @aghcj g kmdjs qum tmdogkjs udg mxpmramdeag  pmrsjdgc ejd mc Um÷jr. Um÷jr. Ua dj bgd ejdjea`j ejdjea`j cg mxpmramdeag mxpmramdeag `m rmeahar mc pmr`õd `m sus pmeg`js y udg dumvg dgturgcmzg, sm vmrçd gtrgë`js bgeag mc pmeg`j ejkj sa numrg ud akçd. Cgs hurcgs y gkmdgzgs `m sus gkaojs `mc kud`j y sus adtmrmsms cms vmdemrçd. Vmrj sa, ejkj @gdamc, ejdnëgd md mc Um÷jr ysucmorgd jhm`memd, sghamd`j qum @ajs utacazgrç pj`mr pmrkgdmemrçd pgrg gyu`grcmstrgdquacjs g sgcar `m tj`gs cgs `anaeuctg`ms.

@ëgs `anëeacms.  Mc rmcgtj hëhcaej djs ad`aeg qum @gdamc mrg ud  ijvmd tgd ëdtmorj ëdtmorj y gorg`ghcm gorg`ghcm qum, hgij cg hjd`g`jsg hjd`g`jsg kgdj `m @ajs, @ajs, su supmrvasjr rmgeeajdõ ngvjrghcmkmdtm gdtm su `acmkg y sm kjstrõ gdsajsj pjr gyu`grcm. Mstm bjkhrm sjcj tmdëg ud prjhcmkg9 tmkëg  pmr`mr su prjpaj prjpaj trgh trghgij. gij. Ua gcoudj gcoudj `m mstjs msejoa`js msejoa`js ddjj ogdghg mc  pmsj cg numrzg j kjstrghg eugcquamrsadj sëdtjkg `m dj tmdmr yhumdg sgcu`,sunaeamdtms, mdtjdems dj sjcj su pjsaeaõd, tgkhaád su

 prjpag va`g va`g mstgrëgd md pmcaorj. pmcaorj. 70>  

E^ 1 ―  Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc pgrg cg cmeeaõd 7>69 –Cmgctg`‛ 

Cg prumhg `m `amz `ëgs.  @mserahm eõkj @gdamc suoaraõ udg  prumhg `m `amz `ëgs, `urgdtm cjs eugcms ác y sus gkaojs ermymdtms 70?  

vavarëgd `m cmoukhrms y goug. @gdamc ermyõ qum mc Um÷jr bjdrgrëg su getatu` y qum dj qum`grëgd pjr `mtrçs `m cjs `mkçs, da saquamrg nësaegkmdtm. Prgs cjs `amz `ëgs, cgs hçseucgs prjdudeagrjd mc vmrm`aetj. @gdamc y sus gkaojs bghëgd ogdg`j kçs pmsj< tgkhaád cueëgd ud gspmetj kçs sgcu`ghcm qum sus ejcmogs. Mc nudeajdgraj `msmebõ sus tmkjrms y mstuvj `m geumr`j md `grcms msg `amtg  pmrkgdmdtmkmdtm.  pmrkgdmd tmkmdtm. Dj sm vaj `mnrgu`g`j. `mnrgu`g`j.

Mcmoa`j pgrg ud gctj egroj. Prms g÷js kçs tgr`m, eugd`j geghõ mc eursj, cjs eugtrj iõvmdms `m Imrusgcád dj sjcj jhtuvamrjd prmkajs  pjr su humdg sgcu` y numrzg, sadj qum cjorgrjd orgd áxatj md su trghgij geg`ákaej y sus mxçkmdms. Ejkj bghëgd jhm`mea`j gc Um÷jr, Ác mstuvj ejd mccjs y cms `aj kuebj kçs mdtmd`akamdtj y ejdjeakamdtj `m cjs qum tmdëgd mc rmstj `m iõvmdms `m su kaskg m`g`, gud md cg adtmrprmtgeaõd `m sum÷js, udg eamdeag mdjrkmkmdtm vgcjrg`g md mc kud`j gdtaouj. Eugd`j ccmoõ mc orgd `ëg md qum `mhëgd prmsmdtgrsm gdtm mc Xmy, Dghuej`jdjsjr cjs mcaoaõ pgrg su smrvaeaj pmrsjdgc y cjs bgccõ kçs ùtacms y egpgems qum eugcquamrg `m cjs adtmorgdtms `m sus mquapjs `m ejdsmimrjs prjnmsajdgcms.

]dg va`g qum pj`mkjs rmspmtgr. Mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj prjkmtaõ qum eugcquamrg qum bgyg `mig`j egsg j rmcgeajdms pjr mc Xmadj `m @ajs –\rmeaharç[ kuebj kçs md mstm tamkpj, y md mc saocj vmda`mrj 56). @urgdtm kuebjs g÷js, @gdamc cg va`g mtmrdg‛ (en. Cuegs 72981 ― 56). tuvj udg pjsaeaõd adncuymdtm md mc ejrgzõd `mc akpmraj. Cjs rmyms ahgd y vmdëgd, pmrj, `urgdtm `áeg`gs, @gdamc saouaõ samd`j ejdsmimrj `m cjs suemsavjs ojhmrdgdtms y gyu`gd`j g cjs iu`ëjs, su  prjpaj pumhcj. pumhcj. Ác y sus trms gkaojs sunrarëgd pmrsmeueaõd `m kgdjs `m sus mdva`ajsjs ravgcms, y, md vgrags jegsajdms, sm vmrëgd md cgs nguems `m cg kumrtm, pmrj dudeg vgeacgrjd md su pjsturg g ngvjr gc Um÷jr. Mc Um÷jr cjs njrtgcmeaõ njrtgcme aõ y cjs gyu`õ md tj`j kjkmdtj, y gc nadgc iustanaeõ g sus samrvjs. Adstg g cjs da÷js g qum rmspmtmd g mstjs iõvmdms y su cmgctg` bgeag

mc Um÷jr. Advëtgcms g smouar su mimkpcj y g husegr ejd mkpm÷j gc Um÷jr prjdtj md cg va`g bgstg mdejdtrgrcm, g nad `m qum Ác pum`g ouagrcjs, hmd`mearcjs y bgemrcjs ùtacms. 702  

Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 

]tacazg mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc E^ 1 (p.  (p.  702) 702) pgrg akprmsajdgr g cjs da÷js ejd mc mspcmd`jr `m cg orgd eau`g` `m Hghacjdag md cjs `ëgs `m @gdamc.

JXO]CCJ (7>7)  Dghuej`jdjsjr jr`mdg qum tj`j mc kud`j g`jrm su mstgtug   @gdamc 590 590). 8>). Gbjrg, mc pj`mrjsj ojhmrdgdtm ojhmrdgd tm mstghg gc nad `aspumstj g g`katar qum cjs egkadjs `m @ajs mstçd ccmdjs `m vmr`g` y iustaeag< y qum –ác pum`m bukaccgr g cjs qum gd`gd ejd sjhmrhag‛ (@gdamc 095?). 095?). Cg orgeag `m @ajs pgrg ejd djsjtrjs.  Mxpcaeg g cg ecgsm qum, gdtms `m qum eugcquamrg pum`g ejdvmrtarsm md erastagdj, `mhm bukaccgrsm. Cjs iõvmdms qum quamrmd vavar sad @ajs pum`md ejkpgrgrsm g ud da÷j pmqum÷j qum sm ermm `mkgsag`j adtmcaomdtm ejkj pgrg ar g cg mseumcg. Mc kud`j djs mdsm÷g qum tmdmkjs tm dmkjs tgcmdtj,

qum sjkjs humdjs, y qum pj`mkjs gpg÷çrdjscgs pmrnmetgkmdtm sad mc Um÷jr. Vmrj cg Hahcag djs kumstrg qum `mpmd`mkjs `m @ajs pgrg 7=5  

cg va`g y cg mxpmramdeag msparatugcms, y qum, g kmdjs qum djs vjcvgkjs g Ác, dj pj`rmkjs tmdmr dudeg msgs ejsgs. Mc kud`j djs mdsm÷g g ejdnagr md dumstrg prjpag bghaca`g` y md dumstrj smdta`j ejkùd, pmrj cg Hahcag djs kumstrg qum sjkjs  pjhrms pmeg`jrms pmr`a`js g cjs jijs `m @ajs. Mc Mc kud`j kud`j djs djs mdsm÷g qum, `m gcoudg kgdmrg, gc nadgc vmdemrmkjs. Cg Hahcag djs d js kumstrg qum dmemsatgkjs ar `msmspmrg`g y uromdtmkmdtm gc Ugcvg`jr. Adstg g cjs da÷js g vmr cg dmem`g` `m ejdnagr md cjorjs adsaodanaegdtms, md cgs gcghgdzgs `m jtrgs pmrsjdgs y md cgs kmdtargs g`ucg`jrgs `mc @aghcj. @acms cj nçeackmdtm qum pj`mkjs smr bukaccg`js, ejkj mc rmy `m Hghacjdag. Advëtgcms g smouar mc mimkpcj `m Ug`rge, Kmsge, Ghm`-dmoj y @gdamc, qum jhm`meamrjd bukac`mkmdtm gc Um÷jr y `migrjd su gsemdsj nuturj md sus sghags y pj`mrjsgs pj`mrjsgs kgdjs. Advëtgcms g udarsm g cg orgd ejkpg÷ëg `m pmrsjdgs qum, g trgvás `m cjs saocjs, bgd geu`a`j g cg Eruz `mc Egcvgraj y bgd rmejdjea`j ejd vmroómdzg cj pmeg`jrms qum mrgd g cjs jijs `m @ajs y bgd ejdnag`j md mc sunrakamdtj y cg kumrtm `mc Um÷jr Imsùs md mc cuogr `m cjs  pmeg`jrms, ejkj ùdaej km`aj pgrg qum jhtuvaásmkjs jhtuvaásmkjs pmr`õd, dumvg va`g y ud cuogr md mc Eamcj. Ëdstgcms g jrgr9 Jb Um÷jr, md Pa ejdnëj,  sjcgkmdtm md Pa,   pums tu sgcvgeaõd ejkpcmtg  ejdsmouë.  Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 

Md kuebjs cahrjs pj`mkjs mdejdtrgr acustrgeajdms `m cg mstgtug `m jrj, `mc bjrdj `m numoj y `m cg bukaccgeaõd `m Dghuej`jdjsjr. ]tacëzgcgs pgrg `mstgegr cjs trms pudtjs pradeapgcms `m cg cmeeaõd. ^umcvm g utacazgr mc `ahuij `m Hghacjdag `m cg ùctakg cmeeaõd.

7=0  

@MUVXMEAJ BGEAG @AJU (7>8)  Hmcsgsgr vm cg mseraturg sjhrm cg pgrm`  =< en.  @gdamc =< en. Imrmkëgs =7  Vrjpõsatj9  @mspmrtgr g cjs da÷js `m cg ad`anmrmdeag y cg gutjsunaeamdeag qum sm gpj`mrg `m eg`g omdmrgeaõd akpëg, y gyu`grcms g vmr cg emregdëg `mc iuaeaj `m @ajs.  Adtrj`ueeaõd pgrg cjs kgmstrjs 

]dg `m dumstrgs pradeapgcms prmjeupgeajdms md mstg mrg `m mxtrmkg akpam`g` ms qum mc Um÷jr vumcvg y dj mdeumdtrm g dumstrjs baijs  prmpgrg`jss pgrg mdejdtrgrsm  prmpgrg`j mdejdtrgrsm ejd Ác. Cg pmrsjdg kud`gdg km`ag mstç tgd cmijs `m @ajs qum pmeg y hcgsnmkg sad rmpgrj da tmkjr gcoudj. Msm mrg mc egsj `mc rmy Hmcsgsgr gdtms `m qum mc Um÷jr adtmrrukpamrg su trgdquaca`g` md njrkg mspmetgeucgr. Gc `mserahar orçnaegkmdtm mstjs gejdtmeakamdtjs, tmdmkjs cg jpjrtuda`g` `m `gr udg g`vmrtmdeag ecgrg g dumstrjs da÷js.  Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd 

Adtrj`ueeaõd.  Vum`m qum gcoudjs kgmstrjs `msmmd kjstrgr cj getugc y cj pmrtadmdtm qum ms mstm tmkg bghcgd`j g su ecgsm gemreg `mc `msgstrm `mc Patgdae. Md cg Bastjrag rmeamdtm tmdmkjs mc mimkpcj `m mstm `msgstrm qum sjhrmvadj md mc kaskj kjkmdtj md qum cg sjeam`g` emcmhrghg su egpgea`g` pgrg ejdstruar ud hgrej –adsukmroahcm‛. Cg cmeeaõd `m bjy sm emdtrg md udg trgom`ag kuy sakacgr, mxemptj md mc `mtgccm `m qum, gdtms `m qum ccmogsm mc nad, @ajs mxpcaeõ md `mtgccm mc saodanaeg`j `m cjs gejdtmeakamdtjs qum ahgd g prj`uearsm. Dj buhj tamkpj pgrg qum mc rmy Hmcsgsgr tjkgrg cgs km`a`gs jpjrtudgs pgrg grrmocgr cgs ejsgs. Vmrj sm bg `mig`j ejdstgdeag `m mstjs suemsjs pgrg qum djsjtrjs  pj`gkjs  hmdmnaeagrdjss `m mccjs.  hmdmnaeagrdj

Cg namstg. Md mc kaskj kjkmdtj md qum cgs numrzgs `mc mdmkaoj

sm rmudëgd sacmdeajsgkmdtm numrg `m cjs kurjs `m Hghacjdag, Hmcsgsgr, rmy `m cjs egc`mjs, bghëg prmpgrg`j udg mdjrkm namstg. Uu kmdtm mstghg kuy cmijs `m cjs gsudtjs kacatgrms y `mc Mstg`j. Mstghg 7==  

tjtgckmdtm ejdemdtrg`j md prmpgrgr udj `m cjs kçs mspmetgeucgrms mdtrmtmdakamdtjs igkçs jrogdazg`js, tj`j md su prjpaj bjdjr. 7666 advatg`js ahgd g gsastar g mstg emcmhrgeaõd kuctatu`adgrag. kuctatu`adgrag. @urgdtm mc trgdseursj `m cg djebm, mc Xmy dj sm cakatõ g igetgrsm `m su egpgea`g`  pgrg hmhmr, sadj qum jr`mdõ qum mc vadj sm sarvamrg md cgs ejpgs `m jrj y pcgtg qum su ghumcj bghëg trgë`j `mc Pmkpcj `m Imrusgcád (md mc Gdtaouj Pmstgkmdtj, cg pgcghrg  pg`rm tgkhaád pum`m rmnmrarsm g ud gdtmpgsg`j). Hmcsgsgr md mstg jegsaõd qumrëg gcgr`mgr `m tj`gs cgs kgdmrgs pjsahcms y, gc kaskj tamkpj, adsuctgr ghamrtgkmdtm gc @ajs `m cjs iu`ëjs. Wumrëg prmsukar `m cjs –`ajsms‛ `m jrj, pcgtg y  hrjdem< mc `admrj, `admrj, cgs pjsmsajdms, cg bgh bghaca`g` aca`g` y cg eamdeag bukgdgs. bukgdgs.

]dg akgomd `m dumstrg omdmrgeaõd. @mserahm eõkj sm pgrmem mc bjkhrm kj`mrdj g Hmcsgsgr. Cm oustg igetgrsm `m su ejdjeakamdtj, su pj`mr y su raqumzg, y, gc kaskj tamkpj, adsuctgr g @ajs y hcgsnmkgr ejdtrg Ác, qum num quamd cm `aj tj`gs cgs bghaca`g`ms qum tamdm. Cjs trms gpgrtg`js saouamdtms djs gyu`gd g kjstrgr g cjs da÷js cj kuebj qum djs pgrmemkjs g mstm jrouccjsj Xmy9 (7) Vmrmzjsj.  Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm cj nçeac qum djs rmsuctg smr  pmrmzjsjs ejkj Hmcsgsgr, jcva`gr dumstrjs `mhmrms y pmdsgr qum tj`j sm bgrç sjcj. Bgstg djs akgoadgkjs qum pj`mkjs ejdvmrtardjs ejdvmrt ardjs md pmrsjdgs bjdrg`gs y `memdtms sad msnumrzj gcoudj. Md vmz `m trghgigr `urj pgrg ejdsmouarcj ejds mouarcj y jrgr pa`amd`j cg gyu`g `m @ajs, djs ejdemdtrgkjs md `asnrutgr `asnrut gr y bgemr gcgr`m `m cgs ejsgs qum pjsmmkjs. Hmcsgsgr mstghg `mkgsag`j jeupg`j ejkj pgrg `grsm eumdtg `m qum mc mdmkaoj sm mdejdtrghg g cgs pumrtgs. Djsjtrjs tgkhaád mstgkjs tgd jeupg`js ejd cjs pcgemrms qum dj djs `gkjs eumdtg `m cg eucpg qum yg sm bg geukucg`j md dumstrg va`g, y qum djs `migrç numrg `mc Eamcj. (8) Igetgdeajsj.  Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum, ejkj g Hmcsgsgr, g djsjtrjs tgkhaád djs oustg qum cjs `mkçs djs g`karmd. Mxastmd `astadtgs njrkgs `m gcgr`mgr. G gcoudjs qum dj tamdmd áxatj md dg`g

cms oustg qum sm cms g`karm pjr su jsg`ëg y pjr cgs ejsgs kgcgs qum bgemd. Gcoudgs `m cgs ejsgs `m cgs qum sjcmkjs prmsukar dj sjd dumstrgs, pgrg mkpmzgr. Gcoudjs da÷js ejdsaoumd humdgs djtgs md 7=>  

cjs mxçkmdms, ºpmrj quaád cms `aj mc emrmhrj: Cgs da÷gs ougpgs mstçd jrouccjsgs `m su gspmetj, ºpmrj quaád cms `aj su hmccmzg: Djs  igetgkjs `m cg tmedjcjoëg tmedjcjoëg kj`mrdg, kj`mrdg, pmrj jcva`gkjs euçdtj `mpmd`m `mpmd`m mstg `m cjs advmdtjs `mc pgsg`j.

(5) Adsuctõ g @ajs. Hmcsgsgr ccmvõ su pmeg`j gc mxtrmkj eugd`j adsuctõ y ra`aeucazõ `mcahmrg`gkmdtm gc Um÷jr bgeamd`j usj `m cgs ejpgs `mc Pmkpcj pgrg gcghgr g sus `ajsms kgcaodjs. ºEuçdtgs vmems vmkjs mstm tapj `m ejd`uetg md cg getugca`g`: Cgs pmrsjdgs sm igetgd `m su gtmëskj y, g cg vmz, sm `mcmatgd md utacazgr mc djkhrm `m @ajs  pgrg kgc`mear. kgc`mear. Cg mseraturg.  Cg namstg `m Hmcsgsgr smouëg su eursj eugd`j jeurraõ gcoj gtmrrg`jr. Mxpcaeg qum gpgrmeamrjd cjs `m`js `m udg kgdj, cjs eugcms ejkmdzgrjd g mserahar sjhrm cg pgrm`. @mserahm eõkj gnmetõ mstj gc Xmy (en. @gdamc =9>). =9>). Mstghg gtmrrjrazg`j pjr cg adtmrvmdeaõd `avadg. Ccgkõ g sus mxpmrtjs y g sus ejdsmimrjs, pmrj dadoudj `m mccjs pu`j `mseanrgr mc saodanaeg`j `m cgs pgcghrgs. Md ud kjkmdtj, mc igetgdeajsj kjdgreg ngdngrrõd bghëg qum`g`j rm`uea`j g udg pmrpcmig vëetakg `mc tmkjr. Ujcj cg Xmadg pu`j jnrmemr ud ejdsmij ùtac y, ejkj rmsuctg`j `mc kaskj, sm advatõ g @gdamc g ejkpgrmemr (prjhghcmkmdtm mstm kgcvg`j ojhmrdgdtm cm bghrëg rmhgig`j `m cg egtmojrëg `m ejdnagdzg y rmspmtj `m cg qum bghëg ojzg`j gdtmrajrkmdtm). Mc Xmy jnrmeaõ raegs rmejkpmdsgs y supcaeõ gc samrvj `mc Um÷jr qum cm `amrg udg mxpcaegeaõd `m gqumccg mseraturg. Xmcgtg eõkj @gdamc rmspjd`aõ sad tmkjr g cg pmtaeaõd `mc Xmy. Cm rmejr`õ cg gkgrog mxpmramdeag `m Dghuej`jdjsjr. Uad mkhgroj, Hmcsgsgr, md vmz `m gprmd`mr `m mccg, bghëg bmebj gcoj gùd pmjr gc hurcgrsm `mc vmr`g`mrj @ajs y mdtrmogr su ejrgzõd y su kmdtm g cjs –`ajsms‛ `m cg raqumzg, mc pcgemr, cg gvgraeag y jtrjs pmeg`js smdsugcms. Um bghëg dmog`j jhstadg`gkmdtm g rmejdjemr j ocjranaegr –gc @ajs md euyg kgdj \mstghg su[ va`g‛ (@gdamc =985). Cumoj @gdamc `msvmcõ mc saodanaeg`j `m cgs nrgsms `m iuaeaj (en. @gdamc =98= ― 82). 82).

Kmdm.  Uaodanaeg9 –Ejdtõ @ajs tu rmadj, y cm bg pumstj nad‛ (@gdamc =98>). Hmcsgsgr sm akgoadghg jrouccjsgkmdtm qum su va`g y su rmadj cm pmrtmdmeëgd pgrg bgemr ejd mccjs cj qum quasamsm, pmrj 7=?  

gbjrg sm cm rmejr`ghg qum sus `ëgs mstghgd md kgdjs `m @ajs. Mc @ajs `m cg Bastjrag, g quamd Hmcsgsgr bghëg jptg`j pjr `migr g ud cg`j, bghëg –ejdtg`j‛ mc ùctakj g÷j `m su rmadg`j y cj bghëg `g`j  pjr ejdecua`j. @a g cg ecgsm qum @ajs bg bmebj mstj g kmdu`j g cj cgroj `m cg Bastjrag. ]d akpmraj `mtrçs `m jtrj bgd ermë`j smr ad`mstruetahcms, pmrj udj trgs jtrj @ajs cjs bg ccmvg`j g su nad. Ejd cjs ad`ava`ujs jeurrm cj kaskj. @ëg g `ëg mseuebgkjs y cmmkjs gemreg `mccmoum cg kumrtm y, sadbjrg. mkhgroj, dj pmdsgkjs ymddjs cj qum jeurrarç eugd`j dumstrg ºMdku`memrmkjs smdtarmkjs ejdstmrdg`js eugd`j dumstrg dums trg va`g tjqum g su nad y djs `mkjs eumdtg qum `mhmkjs ejkpgrmemr gdtm @ajs md iuaeaj: Pmlmc.  Uaodanaeg9 –Vmsg`j bgs sa`j md hgcgdzg, y nuastm bgccg`j ngctj‛ (@gdamc =98?). Kumstrg g cg ecgsm udg hgcgdzg. Mstgs sm mkpcmghgd jraoadgckmdtm, jraoadgc kmdtm, smoùd sm djs `aem, pgrg gsmourgrsm gsmourgrs m `m qum mc jrj mrg purj. @mserahm eõkj, sa mc jrj sm bghëg kmzecg`j ejd gcoùd kmtgc hgrgtj, sm djtghg mdsmoua`g gc pjdmrcj md mc pmsj nrmdtm gbghëg ud hcjqum jrj vmr`g`mrj Mc ejkj Iumz `m tj`g cgy Pamrrg pumstj `m g prumhg mc vgcjr y`msõca`j. Hmcsgsgr pmrsjdg, bghëg rmsuctg`j smr ud ad`ava`uj `msprmeaghcm y pmeg`jr. Vrmoudtg g cjs da÷js sa sjd ejdseamdtms `m qum ud `ëg eg`g pmrsjdg `mhm ejkpgrmemr gdtm mc trjdj `m iuaeaj `m Erastj (en. Xjkgdjs 70976). Gyù`gcms g bgemr sus eçceucjs pgrg ejkprjhgr su prjpaj mxpm`amdtm. º@m quá cg`j sm adecadgrç cg hgcgdzg: Cj –kgcj‛ pmsgrg kuebj kçs qum cj –humdj‛. Uu –ejd`uetg mxtmrdg‛ dudeg pj`rç ejkpmdsgr cg orgd kjcm `m pmeg`j y mojëskj qum bgy md su adtmrajr. ºGegsj akgoadgkjs qum pj`rmkjs mdog÷gr gc Iumz: Vmrms. Uaodanaeg9 –Pu rmadj bg sa`j rjtj, y `g`j g cjs km`js y g cjs pmrsgs‛ (@gdamc =982). Dj bghëg mspmrgdzg pgrg Hmcsgsgr. Md mc kaskj kjkmdtj md qum @gdamc prjdudeaghg mstg nrgsm, cgs trjpgs km`gs y pmrsgs mkpuigrjd cgs pumrtgs `m cg egpatgc y eruzgrjd mc ukhrgc `aspumstjs g sjiuzogr y egpturgr cg eau`g`, `jd`m tj`js cjs cë`mrms `mc akpmraj mstghgd hjrrgebjs. Md pjegs bjrgs, Hmcsgsgr mstghg kumrtj, y su orgd rmadj, rjtj.

]d `ëg `m iuaeaj pgrg djsjtrjs. Mxpcaeg g cg ecgsm qum, tgd eamrtj

ejkj qum @ajs bukaccõ g Hmcsgsgr, dumstrjs pmeg`js y dumstrg vmroómdzg smrçd iuzog`js pjr mc Um÷jr. @ajs bg sm÷gcg`j ud `ëg md mc qum iuzogrç g tj`js cjs bjkhrms. Dj bghrç mxempeajdms. Cjs qum bgygd vava`j jrouccjsgkmdtm gcmig`js `mc Um÷jr smrçd mxpucsg`js 7=2  

`m su cg`j pgrg samkprm. Kuebjs g÷js gdtms, @ajs bghëg `g`j `mtgccg`gs g`vmrtmdeags gemreg `m cg egë`g `m Hghacjdag pjr km`aj `m su samrvj Imrmkëgs. @m kgdmrg sakacgr, cg Hahcag djs g`vamrtm `mc Iuaeaj `m @ajs. ºBgy gcoudg sgca`g: ¡Uë! Cg kasmraejr`ag y mc gkjr `m @ajs bgd mdejdtrg`j udg njrkg `m pmr`jdgr g tj`js cjs qum g`katgd bukac`mkmdtm su ejd`aeaõd pmeg`jrg y sm gemrqumd g Ác ejd mc ejrgzõd gncaoa`j. Gdtms `m cg mstuvj nud`geaõd `mc kud`j, mc Um÷jr kaskësakj Baij `m @ajs, `m geumr`j md vmdar g cg Imsùs, Pamrrg mc y mdtrmogr su va`g pjr tj`js cjs qum ejdnagrgd md Ác. G su `mha`j tamkpj, vadj y ccmvõ dumstrj egstaoj sjhrm cg Eruz `mc Egcvgraj. Adstg g cjs da÷js g smr ejdseamdtms `mc pmcaorj qum ejrrmd y g vjcvmr gc Ugcvg`jr kamdtrgs bgyg tamkpj. Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc  Mc tmkg `m cg namstg `m Hmcsgsgr bg sa`j udj `m cjs ngvjratjs `m grtastgs ejkj Xmkhrgd`t. Mkpcmg eug`rjs m acustrgeajdms qum rmprmsmdtmd `mha`gk `mha`gkmdtm mdtm cg bastjrag. ºNA@MCA@G@, J EMCJU XMDEJXJUJU: (7>5)  @gdamc pmrkgdmem narkm g pmsgr `m cgs gkmdgzgs `m grrjigrcm g cjs cmjdms  @gdamc >  Vrjpõsatj9 Cjs da÷js sumcmd pmdsgr ejd nrmeumdeag sjhrm mc tapj `m  pmrsjdg qum cms oustgrëg smr. G kmdu`j tjkgd ejkj kj`mcj g gcoùd bárjm md pgrtaeucgr. Mstg cmeeaõd `mseraharç vgrajs tapjs `m pmrsjdg md cjs qumpgrg pum`md ejdvmrtarsm y cjs `mmstakucgrç g rmncmxajdgr smragkmdtm vgcjrgr euçc ms mc kmijr mccjs.  Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd  ]d bjkhrm `m @ajs9 (g) Xmspmtg`j. @mserahm eõkj @gdamc, ejd mc  pgsj `m cjs g÷js, sm bghëg ejdvmrta`j md ud bjkhrm kuy rmspmtg`j. rmspmtg`j. Um bghëg ogdg`j cg ejdnagdzg `m cjs cë`mrms kud`agcms kud`agc ms `m su tamkpj. Bghëg jeupg`j pumstjs `astadoua`js md mc akpmraj hghacõdaej ejd  Dghuej`jdjsjr  Dghuej`j djsjr (y bghëg bghëg prm`aebj ejd prmeasaõd cg egë`g egë`g `m `m su damtj Hmcsgsgr). Vjr tgdtj, @gdamc mstghg g `aspjsaeaõd `m cg dumvg g`kadastrgeaõd km`jpmrsg ejkj ejdsmimrj md eugdtj mstg tjkõ mc

 pj`mr. (h) Xmetj.  Mc rmy @grëj (qum ojhmrdõ ejkj –rmy‛ `m cg rmoaõd egc`mg `mc akpmraj km`j-pmrsg) supj vmr md @gdamc g ud bjkhrm `m 7=1  

adkmdsg egpgea`g` y `m udg bjdrg`mz suprmkg. G`karghg mdjrkmkmdtm su egrçetmr. Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum cjs bjkhrms qum mstçd md mc pj`mr, mdtjdems y gbjrg, sumcmd tmdmr `anaeuctg` g cg bjrg `m mdejdtrgr g`kadastrg`jrms y jrogdazg`jrms ejkpmtmdtms. Ughmd qum kuebjs `m sus gyu`gdtms tamdmd gdsags `m pj`mr y pum`md trgaeajdgrcms md eugdtj sm cms prmsmdtm eugcquamr jpjrtuda`g` `m kmijrgr su satugeaõd pmrsjdgc.  Mc rmy @grëj sm smdtëg tgd g sgcvj ejd (e) @aodj `m ejdnagdzg. @gdamc qum pcgdmõ –pjdmrcj sjhrm tj`j mc rmadj‛ (@gdamc >95).  >95).  Kmdeajdg qum, g trgvás `m cg Bastjrag, g cjs ermymdtms sm cms bgd `g`j gcoudgs vmems pjsaeajdms `m orgd ejdnagdzg (cjs da÷js rmejr`grçd g Ijsá, qum ojzghg `m cg ejdnagdzg ghsjcutg `m Ngrgõd). Bgstg md cg mseumcg, cjs kgmstrjs sumcmd mcmoar g cjs iõvmdms ermymdtms pgrg qum sm mdegroumd `m gcoudgs tgrmgs mspmeagcms,  pjrqum sghmd qum sm pum`m ejdnagr md qum mccjs dj vgd g rjhgr, da kmdtar, da gprjvmebgrsm.

Uus ravgcms9 (g) Emcjsjs.  G pmsgr `mc ngvjr `mc Xmy, @gdamc mxpmrakmdtõ orgd`ms `anaeuctg`ms. Uu áxatj y mc ngvjr `mc Xmy suseatgrjd udg orgd mdva`ag md cjs `mkçs. Cjs sçtrgpgs y ojhmrdg`jrms mstghgd kuy mdjig`js ejdtrg ác, pjrqum ác mrg mc  prmnmra`j md md `mtrakmdtj `m mccjs. (h) Bjstacms.  Cg ejd`uetg `m @gdamc bgeëg g mstjs sçtrgpgs y ojhmrdg`jrms smdtarsm `msprmeaghcms md ejkpgrgeaõd, pjr cj qum cm j`aghgd ejd tj`gs sus numrzgs, bgstg mc pudtj `m qum `mea`amrjd bgemrcm kgdj su `mpgrtgkmdtj `m –grtakg÷gs sueags‛, `g÷j. pmrj, Mebgrjd pjr kuebj qum`mhusegrjd, dj pu`amrjd `mseuhrar dadoudg ngctg `m bjdrg`mz da dadoùd saodj `m trgaeaõd md @gdamc. Gc vmr qum dj pj`ëgd geusgrcm `m ejrrupeaõd, ngctg `m bjdrg`mz, j dmocaomdeag,, rmeurramrjd g udg iuog`g sueag. @mserahm su pcgd. dmocaomdeag (e) Xmtjrea`js. Gc `mserahar mc gr`a` qum a`mgrjd cjs ravgcms `m @gdamc, bgz badegpaá md cj akpjrtgdtm qum mrg qum g`ucgrgd gc Xmy. Cg a`mg mrg qum `urgdtm trmadtg `ëgs dj sm pmrkatamrg g dg`am jrgr g @ajs (da pm`arcm g gcoùd sgemr`jtm qum cj baeamrg md su djkhrm). Ejkj sm÷gc `m bjdrg g @grëj, tj`gs cgs pmtaeajdms `mhëgd

`mkgd`çrsmcm ùdaegkmdtm g ác `urgdtm msm pmrëj`j. ¡@m mstm kj`j tj`js rmejdjemrëgd qum mrg tgd pj`mrjsj ejkj ud `ajs! Uaodanaegrëg qum @grëj mrg kçs orgd`m qum mc @ajs `m @gdamc (`m adtmrás pgrg cjs 7>6  

kgmstrjs9 cg ejrramdtm pradeapgc `m cjs ejkmdtgrastgs gnarkgd qum cg  pgcghrg – pmtaeaõd‛ qum gpgrmem md @gdamc >9? sm rmnamrm mstraetgkmdtm g udg pmtaeaõd rmcaoajsg, j udg jrgeaõd). Ua mc Xmy dj buhamrg sa`j tgd jrouccjsj, bghrëg sjspmebg`j `m sus kjtavjs. Vmrj, md vmz `m mstj, sm `miõ ccmvgr pjr sus suomrmdeags casjdimrgs ( en.  @gdamc >91). (Umrëg humdj adnjrkgr g cg ecgsm `m qum mc @aghcj utacazõ mstm truej  pjr prakmrg prakmrg vmz ejd Mvg, y saoum rmsuctçd`jcm `m kuebj kuebj áxatj md cg getugca`g`. Eugd`j g`ucg g cgs pmrsjdgs, mstgs ermmd md ác. Bjy, pjr mimkpcj, Ugtgdçs `aem g bjkhrms y kuimrms qum sjd `mkgsag`j adtmcaomdtms ejkj pgrg dmemsatgr rmocgs y kgd`gkamdtjs kjrgcms. Cms `aem qum tj`js sjd `mkgsag`j humdjs ejkj pgrg dmemsatgr ud Ugcvg`jr, y jhsmrvg ejd sgtasngeeaõd eõkj tj`js ermmd sus kmdtargs casjdimrgs). Xmcgtg eõkj narkõ @grëj mc `jeukmdtj y eõkj sm mkataõ mc `mermtj `m qum eugcquamrg qum baeamrg udg  pmtaeaõd  (mxpcaeg mc saodanaeg`j) g jtrj qum dj numrg mc Xmy smrëg grrjig`j gc njsj `m cjs cmjdms. Cg rmgeeaõd `m @gdamc9 (g) Na`mca`g`.  ºEõkj rmspjd`aõ @gdamc: Pmdëg rgzjdms pgrg tmkmr qum gqumccjs ojhmrdg`jrms sm ahgd g sgcar ejd cg suyg y qum cg cmy `m cjs km`js y cjs pmrsgs sm mimeutgrëg. Vmrj @gdamc ejdnaghg kuebj kçs md mc Um÷jr su @ajs.  Dj `aj pjr pjr smdtg`j qum mc Um÷jr Um÷jr cm sgcvgrëg sgcvgrëg gutjkçtaegkmdtm gutjkçtaegkmdtm `m cgs cgs `anaeuctg`ms y cm cahrgrëg `m cg kumrtm. Ác sghëg `m kuebjs qum bghëgd sa`j ermëg pmrsmoua`js gkjr Um÷jr. Vmrj @gdamc qum, sa cgakpcgeghcmkmdtm vjcudtg` `m @ajs pjr pgrgsuác mrg qumgcsaouamrg ejd su kadastmraj, mdtjdems dj bghrëg rmy, da prjbahaeaõd, da `mermtj qum cm akpa`amrg bgemrcj. Jeurramrg cj qum jeurramrg, ác dj ahg g rmdudeagr gc @ajs vmr`g`mrj y g grrgstrgrsm gdtm ud bjkhrm ejkj sa numrg ud `ajs. (h) ^gcmdtëg.  @gdamc dj sm adkutõ pjr cgs gkmdgzgs `m smr grrjig`j gc njsj `m cjs cmjdms. Mstghg rmsumctj g pmrkgdmemr namc gc Um÷jr y `migr mc rmsuctg`j md sus pj`mrjsgs kgdjs. Xj`mg`j `m j`aj, mdva`ag m adtraogs, trms vmems gc `ëg sm grrj`accõ sad

gvmrojdzgrsm y ejd cg vmdtgdg ghamrtg. Ejd ojzj sm `araoaõ gc Um÷jr ejkj cj bghëg bmebj samkprm, ejdnagd`j md Ác y pa`amd`j su  hmd`aeaõd. 7>7  

(e) Emregdëg ejd @ajs. Dj sm bghrëg pravg`j `m msm kgrgvaccjsj  pravacmoaj gudqum cm mstuvamrgd mspmrgd`j kuebjs cmjdms pgrg `mvjrgrcm. Mxpcaeg g cjs da÷js qum cg jrgeaõd `m cjs vmr`g`mrjs erastagdjs ms udg mxpmramdeag mdtrg÷ghcm qum dj tamdm dg`g qum vmr ejd cjs eçdtaejs kjdõtjdjs y cgs caturoags rmpmtatavgs qum cjs da÷js  pum`md bghmr bghmr ejdnud`a`j ejdnud`a`j ejd cg jrgeaõd. Mebg`j g cjs cmjdms. @mserahm eõkj @grëj, adegpgz `m `mseuhrar udg cgoudg cmogc md mc m`aetj, ejd`mdõ g @gdamc g rmog÷g`amdtms gc njsj `m cjs cmjdms. Uad `u`g, cjs ojhmrdg`jrms sm mdegrogrjd `m qum cjs cmjdms mstuvamrgd kuy bgkhramdtjs. Vmrj cg akprmsaõd qum @gdamc bghëg egusg`j md mc kjdgreg mrg tgc qum @grëj md eamrtg km`a`g ejdnaghg md qum mc @ajs `m @gdamc cm cahrgrëg. Uad mkhgroj, mc Xmy dj pu`j ejkmr da `asnrutgr msg tgr`m, y sm pgsõ cg djebm md vmcg. G cg kg÷gdg saouamdtm sadtaõ ud orgd gcavaj y kuebg gcmorëg gc jër cg vjz `m @gdamc qum vmdëg `mc njsj. Vrjtmoa`j y g sgcvj. @gdamc bghëg rmeaha`j udg msejctg `avadg md mc njsj `m cjs cmjdms, y, md vmz `m vmrsm `mstrua`j, cg mstakg `mc Xmy bgeag ác gukmdtõ, y ojzõ `m kgyjr adncumdeag y rmspmtj. Cjs bjkhrms qum bghëgd pcgdmg`j mstg bjrrahcm kumrtm numrjd `mvjrg`js pjr cjs cmjdms, y sm prjecgkõ pjr tj`j mc rmadj qum mc @ajs `m @gdamc `mhëg smr rmejdjea`j y tmka`j. Dumstrg smoura`g`.  Eumdtg g cg ecgsm eõkj mc Um÷jr ejdtrjcõ tjtgckmdtm msjs gejdtmeakamdtjs bgem kuebjs g÷js pgrg qum  pjstmrajrkmdtm  pjstmrajrk mdtm tj`j su pumhcj, pumhcj, md eugcquamr cuogr, pu`amsm pu`amsm smdtarsm gcmdtg`j g ejdnagr md Cg mxpmramdeag @gdamcMcdjUm÷jr djs mdsm÷g qum cjs erastagdjs dj Ác. mstgrçd dudeg md `m pmcaorj. Imsùs g`vartaõ qum su pumhcj tmd`rëg qum mdnrmdtgrsm ejd nrmeumdeag g cg  pmrsmeueaõd y gud g cg kumrtm. Bg bgha`j erastagdjs qum bgd sa`j kçrtarms pjr mc Um÷jr. Uad mkhgroj, @ajs bg prjkmta`j qum samkprm mstgrç ejd su pumhcj pgrg njrtgcmemrdjs y sjstmdmrdjs, y qum tj`j smrç pgrg dumstrj hamd msparatugc. ]dg vmz cm pmrtmdmemkjs, dg`am  pum`m grrgdegrdjs grrgdegrdjs da grrmhgtgrdjs grrmhgtgrdjs `m su kgdj kgdj (en. Iugd 76982). Pj`js cjs erastagdjs vmr`g`mrjs pum`md egdtgr9

 Gudqum cg kumrtm erumc   y mc Adnamrdj vjrgz   pum`gd gùd kjstrgr   su nurag y su kgc`g`,  7>8  

md Erastj g sgcvj yj mstgrá    pjr su orgeag y su orgd pj`mr. 

AUGGE _GPPU  ºG quaád tm pgrmemrçs: Xmeumr`g g cjs da÷js qum sm mdeumdtrgd md udg mtgpg kuy akpjrtgdtm `m cg va`g, md cg qum sm mstç njrkgd`j y `mea`amd`j tj`j su nuturj. Mxbõrtgcms g dj ejdsa`mrgr mstg cmeeaõd ejkj ud eumdtj mkjeajdgdtm `m ud vgcamdtm @gdamc qum sm mdnrmdtõ g cjs cmjdms, sadj ejkj ud rmtj pgrg mccjs. Mdsá÷gcms g sjpmsgr cjs trms tapjs pradeapgcms `m egrgetmrms rmprmsmdtg`js md cg bastjrag, y  prmoùdtgcmss quá tapj `m pmrsjdg qumrrëgd smr. ºG euçc `m cjs trms  prmoùdtgcm saouamdtms tapjs `m egrgetmrms qumrrëgd pgrmemr pgrmemrsm: sm: (g) Mc rmy @grëj.  ºWumrrçd smr ejkj ác, `asnrutgr `m cjs  hmdmnaeajs `m cg pam`g` `m jtrjs y rmspmtgr cjs egkadjs erastagdjs,  pmrj sad ccmogr g gemregsm pjr së kaskjs gc Um÷jr: ºUm `migrçd gtrgpgr pjr cg g`ucgeaõd `m mstm kud`j (ejkj bazj @grëj), y  pmrkatarçd `m va`g qum mccjs mccjs dj mcmoarëgd mcmoarëgd md rmgca`g`: qum cms `aetm udg njrkg `m (h) Cjs sçtrgpgs y ojhmrdg`jrms. ºVrmnmrarçd smr ejkj mccjs, rmebgzgr gc Um÷jr y sus hmd`aeajdms, vjcvmrsm gkgrog`js y mdva`ajsjs, y ccmogr g rmeurrar g cg egcukdag, mc mdog÷j y cg ngctg `m bjdrg`mz pgrg gcegdzgr sus kmtgs mojëstgs md cg va`g: (e) @gdamc. ºJ smrçd ejkj @gdamc, ejdnagrçd nmrvamdtmkmdtm md mc Um÷jr `ms`m sus prakmrjs `ëgs, y g cj cgroj `m tj`g cg va`g, gudqum jtrjs sm hurcmd j cms adsuctmd: ºPmd`rçd cg kgrgvaccjsg mxpmramdeag `m sghmr qum mc Um÷jr mstç prmsmdtm iudtj g mccjs md cgs satugeajdms kçs gkmdgzg`jrgs, y vgcjrgrçd pjr mdeakg `m tj`j mc ejdjeakamdtj ejdjeakamd tj  pmrsjdgc `mc Ugcvg`jr: Ugcvg`jr: º^avarçd ejd cg emrtmzg `m pmrtmdmemrcm pmrtmdmemrcm g Ác, qum sm mdtrmoõ g së kaskj pjr mccjs md cg Eruz `mc Egcvgraj, y ejd cg smoura`g` `m qum ud `ëg vjcvmrç pgrg ccmvgrcms g su bjogr emcmstagc, emcmst agc, `jd`m cm vmrçd egrg g egrg y cm smrvarçd pgrg samkprm: G`vamrtm g cjs da÷js `m qum, sa dj sm kjcmstgd dudeg md pgrgrsm g  pmdsgr sjhrm mc eursj nuturj `m su va`g, Ugtgdçs euctavgrç md mccjs

tj`j tapjejd`uearçd `m pgtrjdms ejd`uetg pmegkadjsjs, akpëjs, qum cms gc `m iuaeaj y gc Adnamrdj. Euçdtjmojëstgs kmijr msm vmdar gc Um÷jr g udg m`g` tmkprgdg y kargr cumoj bgeag gtrçs md cg va`g, ejkj bazj @gdamc, y `mear9 7>5  

Md ka adngdeag km ouagstm Pù,   y md ka iuvmdtu` tgkhaád0)  Mc `msmj `m Dmbmkëgs `m vmr Imrusgcád rmstgurg`g  Dmbmkëgs 7 ― 5  Vrjpõsatj9 Xmtrgtgr g ud ermymdtm qum `msmghg smr ùtac gc Um÷jr pjr mdeakg mc`mdavmc tj`j. ]tacazgr cgs  prumhg dav mc msparatugc `m eg`g eeugca`g`ms g`g da÷j. `m Dmbmkëgs pgrg pjdmr g  Adtrj`ueeaõd pgrg cjs kgmstrjs  Kuy pjejs da÷js mstgrçd ngkacagrazg`js ejd mc cahrj `m Dmbmkëgs,  pjr cj qum mstg mstg smrç udg smram ccmdg ccmdg `m mkjeaõd, mkjeaõd, adtraog y traudnj.  Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd  Adtrj`ueeaõd. Ejkamdzg cg cmeeaõd `mserahamd`j mc mspcmd`jr `mc  pgcgeaj `mc rmy Grtgimrims md Uusg. @m mdtrm tj`js cjs djhcms raegkmdtm gtgvag`js qum bghëg cg ejrtm, dumstrg –eçkgrg‛ mdnjeg gc ejpmrj `mc Xmy. Mxpcaeg qummdDmbmkëgs mrg, gc aougc qum @gdamc, ud iu`ëj qum vavëg md mc mxacaj, pmrj qum tmdëg mc pravacmoaj `m smr ud nudeajdgraj gc smrvaeaj `mc Xmy, y `m ojzgr `m su ejdnagdzg y `mc rmspmtj `m tj`js. Vgrg mstm kjdgreg pmrsg, rj`mg`j `m pmrsjdgs qum ejdsparghgd ejdtrg ác y pcgdmghgd `mrrjegrcm, mrg msmdeagc qum su ejdsmimrj kçs emregdj numrg gcouamd ejkpcmtgkmdtm `aodj `m ejdnagdzg. Mc Xmy, pums, rmeurraõ g ud bjkhrm qum gkghg y smrvëg gc Um÷jr. Vjr cj omdmrgc, ud mxtrgdimrj ejkj Dmbmkëgs sm bghrëg

smdta`j sgtas y nmcaztgd ejdpj`mrjsj, su pjsaeaõd, `asnrutgd`j `asnrutgd` cj bgeëg `mc ngvjrsgtasnmebj `m nmebj ud bjkhrm y vavamd`j md jmcejkj mspcmd`jr `m udg ejrtm tgd nghucjsg. Vmrj prjdtj `mseuhrarmkjs qum su ejrgzõd y sus pmdsgkamdtjs mstghgd md jtrj cuogr, kuy cmijs `m gccë. 7>0  

¡Kgcgs djtaeags! Eumdtg eõkj ccmoõ g cg eau`g` `m Uusg ud orupj `m iu`ëjs prjem`mdtms `m Imrusgcád. Gcoudjs g÷js gdtms, jtrj ojhmrdgdtm bghëg pmrkata`j qum udg orgd ejkatavg `m egutavjs  iu`ëjs vjcvamrg `m Hghacjdag g Imrusgcád. Hgij cg `armeeaõd `m Ms`rgs, bghëgd rmpgrg`j mc Pmkpcj. Dmbmkëgs sm bghëg gcmorg`j gc mdtmrgrsm `m mccj, y mspmrghg jër qum mc rmstj `m cg eau`g` tgkhaád bghëg sa`j rmstgurg`g, adecua`js sus kurjs y sus pumrtgs. Cm `jcëg  prjnud`  prjnud`gkmdtm gkmdtmadsuctgrgd pmdsgr pmdsgr qumgcgcjs eau`g` `m @ajsymstghg grrgsg`g, grrgsg`g, @ajs. y qum sus mdmkaojs bghatgdtms gc kaskësakj  Dmbmkëgs bghëg sj÷g`j ejd mc `ëg md qum @ajs kgdanmstgrëg su  pj`mr pjr km`aj `m su pumhcj y bgrëg qum Imrusgcád mstuvamsm g sgcvj y prjspmrgrg `m dumvj. Cgs kgrgvaccgs `mc pgcgeaj `m Uusg dj saodanaeghgd dg`g pgrg ác md ejkpgrgeaõd ejd mc hamd `m Imrusgcád, `jd`m @ajs bghëg bghcg`j md tgdtgs jegsajdms g cg rgzg bukgdg. Akgoadg su trastmzg eugd`j jyõ `m cghajs `m mstjs vasatgdtms qum Imrusgcád smouëg mstgd`j md `msbjdrg, ejd cjs kurjs qumkg`js y rm`uea`js g ud msejkhrjs. Gc tmrkadgr cg rmstgurgeaõd `mc Pmkpcj, cjs kjdtõd jhrmrjs `m iu`ëjs bghëgd pmr`a`j mc mdtusagskj pjr cg jhrg y sm bghëgd mstghcmea`j mstghcme a`j md sus egsgs y orgdigs. Gb Gbjrg jrg mrgd kuy  pjhrms y sunrëgd kuebgs bukaccgeajdms bukaccgeajdms `m pgrtm `m cjs hghacjdajs hghacjdajs qum sm bghëgd adstgcg`j md cg rmoaõd, qum cjs j`aghgd. ¡Djebms `m adsjkdaj!  @mserahm cg rmgeeaõd `m Dmbmkëgs gdtm tgcms djtaeags. Md vmz `m mdejomrsm `m bjkhrjs y pmdsgr qum mstg adnjrkgeaõd sm rmnmrëg g ud cuogr kuy cmigdj, su ejrgzõd sm bazj  pm`gzjs. Qg dj pj`ëg ejkmr da `jrkar. @mrrgkõ su ejrgzõd gdtm @ajs md jrgeaõd y supcaeõ su gyu`g ( en. Dmbmkëgs 790 ― 77). 77). Kumstrg g cg ecgsm qum mstg ms udg sm÷gc qum `mkumstrg qum gcouamd ms ud vmr`g`mrj ermymdtm md Imsùs. ]d erastagdj `m vmr`g` gkg gc Um÷jr y  pjdm su jhrg kuy pjr mdeakg `m su hamdmstgr pmrsjdgc. Cjs erastagdjs quamrmd qum mc Mvgdomcaj sm prjecgkm g tj`gs cgs  pmrsjdgs. Um prmjeupgd kçs pjr mc áxatj `m `m cg jhrg `m @ajs qum qum pjr sus prjpajs gsudtjs. Bgstg md cj qum sm rmnamrm g ejsgs prçetaegs,  padtgrëgd y `mejrgrëgd `mejrgrëgd cg egsg `mc Um÷jr Um÷jr gdtms qum cg suyg suyg prjpag. Mxpcaeg qum udj `m cjs prakmrjs ad`aeajs `m qum mc Mspëratu `m

@ajs bg ejkmdzg`j g jhrgr md dumstrj ejrgzõd ms mc smdtakamdtj `m qum gkgkjs dumstrg mseumcg `jkadaegc y qumrmkjs mstgr gccë ejd tgdtg nrmeumdeag ejkj pj`gkjs. Qg dj sm trgtg `m udg tgrmg j `m ud 7>=  

`mhmr, sadj `m gcoj qum `msmgkjs kçs qum dadoudg jtrg ejsg. Vrmoudtg g cjs da÷js sa cms bg jeurra`j gcoj gsë. ¡Jrgeajdms nmrvamdtms! Ejkpgrg cg jrgeaõd `m Dmbmkëgs ejd cgs jrgeajdms catmrgcms qum sm rmeatgd md kuebgs gsgkhcmgs msejcgrms. Kumstrg qum Dmbmkëgs rmgckmdtm smdtëg cj qum jrghg. Uus cçorakgs y su gyudj mrgd sm÷gcms vmr`g`mrgs `m mccj. Vj`mkjs vmr qum  Dmbmkëgs jrghg jrghg pjr pjr tj`gs sus sus prumhgs. Eugd`j mc mc Xmy cm rmtõ g qum cm mxpcaegrg pjr quá sm kjstrghg tgd trastm md su prmsmdeag (gcoj qum sm ejdsa`mrghg ejkj ud orgd adsuctj pgrg ud rmy `m gqumccjs `ëgs, y qum pj`ëg akpcaegr ud egstaoj smvmrj), Dmbmkëgs ejkmdtõ gc Xmy su prmjeupgeaõd pjr Imrusgcád y jrõ sacmdeajsgkmdtm g @ajs  pa`aád`jcm gyu`g. gyu`g.

7>>  

E^ 76 ―  Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc pgrg cg cmeeaõd 7>09 Vrmjeupgeaõd `msadtmrmsg`g‛ 

Mc Xmy `aj pmrkasj g Dmbmkëgs pgrg vjcvmr g Imrusgcád, y cm  hrad`õ gpjyj kgtmragc. @aj udg udg bmrkjsg bmrkjsg rmspumstg rmspumstg g Dmbmkëgs, Dmbmkëgs, qum 7>?  

supj qum mstj sm `mhëg g qum mc Um÷jr bghëg gducg`j cg kmdtm `mc Xmy, y gtrahuyõ mc omstj g –cg hmdánaeg kgdj `m ka @ajs sjhrm kë‛ (Dmbmkëgs 892). @a g cg ecgsm qum tj`js cjs erastagdjs rmeahmd rmspumstgs g sus jrgeajdms, y qum ejd nrmeumdeag qum`gd ghrukg`js  pjr cg njrkg md qum @ajs adncuym sjhrm tj`j tapj `m eareudstgde eareudstgdeags ags g ngvjr `m mccjs. ¡]dg tgrmg adkmdsg!  ]dg vmz ccmoõ g Imrusgcád grkg`j ejd egrtgs y kgtmragcms, Dmbmkëgs dj pmr`aõ tamkpj m adspmeeajdõ eua`g`jsgkmdtmm cgs ruadgs `mc kurj `m cg eau`g` (en. E^ 76, p. 7>2). eua`g`jsgkmdt Cumoj rmudaõ g tj`j mc pumhcj y cjs mstakucõ g qum tj`js sm pusamrgd g trghgigr ejd uromdeag (en.  Dmbmkëgs 897? ― 72). 72). Adkm`agtgkmdtm `mspuás `m bghmr ejdsmoua`j ejdvmdemr g cjs bghatgdtms y g cjs cë`mrms `m qum `mhëgd ejkmdzgr ejd cg jhrg, mc mdmkaoj mkpmzõ g  prjtmstgr. Vmrj cg rmm`anae rmm`anaegeaõd geaõd prjsaouaõ, prjsaouaõ, y tmdmkjs (md (md mc egpëtucj egpëtucj 5) ud rmcgtj `mtgccg`j `m eõkj tj`js y eg`g udj, `ms`m cjs sgemr`jtms bgstg cjs ijymrjs, y `ms`m cjs ojhmrdgdtms bgstg cjs  pmrnukastgs, sm pusamrjd pusamrjd kgdjs kgdjs g cg jhrg. ¡Prghgij `urj!  Ejkmdtg g cg ecgsm qum g kmdu`j md mc trgdseursj `m cg Bastjrag Bas tjrag @ajs bg mkpuig`j g su pumhcj g mkprmd`mr orgd`ms jhrgs. Md sus ademsgdtms msnumrzjs pjr mc Mvgdomcaj, kuebjs bjkhrms bgd trghgig`j `urgdtm kçs bjrgs y bgd rmejrra`j kuebjs kçs lacõkmtrjs `m cjs qum cg omdtm `mc kud`j ermmrëg  pjsahcm. @g mimkpcjs `m bjkhrms ejkj Ijbd _mscmy, qum vasatõ g eghgccj prçetaegkmdtm tj`gs cgs eau`g`ms `m Orgd Hrmtg÷g. Gsakaskj, bçhcgcms `mc mxtrgjr`adgraj @r. Hgm`mlmr, quamd, g pmsgr `m pg`memr udg mdnmrkm`g` `m puckõd y udg orgvm `msvageaõd `m ejcukdg, vagiõ kacms `m lacõkmtrjs g trgvás `m Uahmrag g nadgcms `mc saocj RAR, pgrg prm`aegr mc Mvgdomcaj g cjs prasajdmrjs rusjs qum vavëgd md udg satugeaõd `m pjhrmzg `msmspmrg`g. ]dg `m cgs egrgetmrëstaegs `m cjs vmr`g`mrjs ermymdtms ms qum `msmgd gorg`gr gc Um÷jr sarvaád`jcm ejd mdmroëg. Ejdecusaõd. @g udg pastg g cg ecgsm ejd rmspmetj gc `rgkg qum vmrmkjs md cg cmeeaõd `m cg prõxakg smkgdg, eugd`j cjs mdmkaojs

cgdzgrçd Xmvasg ud gtgqum jtrjpradeapgcms md ud adtmdtj akpm`ar cg jhrg  prjsaog. cjs trgs pudtjs `m cg`mcmeeaõd `m qum cg prõxakg smkgdg, gpcaegd`j eg`g udj `m mccjs gc ejrgzõd `mc ad`ava`uj. E^ Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 7>2  

(7) Dmbmkëgs mrg `astadtj.  Gud mstgd`j md udg raeg ejrtm mxtrgdimrg, `mstgeõ ejkj ud bjkhrm md mc qum sm pj`ëg ejdnagr. Gudqum mstghg cmijs `m cg egsg `m @ajs, num namc gc Um÷jr. ºBg egkhag`j mc Um÷jr tu egrçetmr y tm bg ejdvmrta`j, `m kj`j qum cm smgs namc `jd`mquamrg qum tm mdeumdtrms: ºMrms egpgz, ejd su gyu`g, `m rmprmsmdtgrcm md egsg, md cg mseumcg, y gud md cjs egsjs md qum, ejkj g Dmbmkëgs, cg a`mg tm ccmdm `m tmkjr: (8) Mc ejrgzõd `m Dmbmkëgs mrg `mc Um÷jr.   Cjs vmr`g`mrjs erastagdjs gkgd gc Um÷jr pjrqum Ác cjs gkõ prakmrj y `aj su va`g  pjr mccjs (en. 7 Iugd 0971). Mstçd kuebj kçs prmjeupg`js pjr su egsg y su jhrg qum pjr su prjpaj hamdmstgr. ºPm samdtms tù `m msm kj`j: @m dj smr gsë, pa`m gc Um÷jr qum tm gyu`m, ejkj bazj  Dmbmkëgs. (5) Dmbmkëgs jrõ `m vmr`g`.  ºBgs gprmd`a`j g jrgr: ºUaodanaegd tus pgcghrgs rmgckmdtm cj qum `aems: ºUjd tus jrgeajdms rçpa`gs, adnjrkgcms y mojëstgs: ºJ quazç, gc aougc qum Dmbmkëgs, jrgs sademrg y nmrvamdtmkmdtm pa`amd`j ejsgs msparatugcms akpjrtgdtms, ejkj mc pmr`õd `m tus pmeg`js y cg gyu`g `m @ajs pgrg pj`mr rmprmsmdtgrcm: ºJrgs pjr tus pg`rms y gkaojs, pgrg qum pum`gd ccmogr g ejdjemr gc Um÷jr: Gcoudgs cmeeajdms gemreg `m cg jrgeaõd. Ejd cgs ecgsms `m cjs kçs kgyjrms, cmm cg jrgeaõd `m Dmbmkëgs y sm÷gcg9 (g) Eõkj sm prmpgrõ Dmbmkëgs pgrg jrgr. (h) Wumqum Dmbmkëgs rmejr`õ qum mstghg ud orgd @ajs  pj`mrjsj j`ag j`ag y egstaog egstaog mc pmeg`j. Vmrj Vmrjjrgd`j tgkhaád tgkhaádg rmejr`õ rmejr `õ qum mc Um÷jr ms humdj y kasmraejr`ajsj, `aspumstj g pmr`jdgr g tj`js cjs qum samdtmd vmr`g`mrj pmsgr pjr su pmeg`j y cm mdtrmogd su va`g g Ác. Xmeumr`g g cjs da÷js qum `mhmrëgd gejr`grsm samkprm `m eõkj ms @ajs eugd`j cm bghcmd9 orgd`m y sgdtj, pmrj tgkhaád gkjrjsj y kasmraejr`ajsj. (e) Eõkj sm grrmpadtaõ Dmbmkëgs `m su pmeg`j9 cm `aij gc Um÷jr euçdtj cm gncaoëg su pmeg`j y eõkj cm `jcëgd sus ejdsmeumdeags.

Eugd`j jrmkjs,y pjr tgkhaád `mhmkjs kjstrgr udg trastmzg rmgc pjr dumstrj pmeg`j mc `g÷j qum bg egusg`j. (`) Wum Dmbmkëgs rmecgkõ cgs hjd`g`jsgs prjkmsgs `m @ajs rmncmig`gs md su Vgcghrg Vgcg hrg (`g`g g Kjasás) md eugdtj g qum Ác vjcvmrëg 7>1  

g hmd`mear y g gyu`gr g su pumhcj sa mstm vjcvëg g Ác grrmpmdta`j. Cg  prjkmsg `avadg `m pmr`jdgrdjs pmr`jdgrdjs sm eukpcaõ md udg pmrsjdg, mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj, qum vadj g kjrar pjr dumstrj pmeg`j. Vj`mkjs mstgr smourjs `m qum, sa vmdakjs md mc djkhrm `m Erastj, @ajs djs jarç, y rmspjd`mrç dumstrgs jrgeajdms pjr gkjr g Ác. (m) Dmbmkëgs geu`aõ gc Um÷jr md huseg `m gyu`g. Ughëg qum sjcj @ajs pj`ëg adncuar sjhrm cjs getjs `mc pj`mrjsj Grtgimrims, y sm cakatõ g mxpcaegr sakpcm y hrmvmkmdtm su orgd dmemsa`g`, ejdnagd`j md qum mc Um÷jr getugrëg. Mxbjrtg g tus gcukdjs pgrg qum vgygd gc Um÷jr md huseg `m gyu`g eugd`j dmemsatmd vgcjr pgrg `gr tmstakjdaj tms takjdaj `mcgdtm `m pmrsjdgs qum tgc vmz cjs gkmdgemd j sm hurcmd `m mccjs. Gsmourg g cjs da÷js qum, sa jrgd md mstm mspëratu, mc Um÷jr, qum –ms  pj`mrjsj pgrg bgemr bgemr tj`gs cgs ejsgs ejsgs kuebj kuebj kçs kçs ghud`gdtmkmdt ghud`gdtmkmdtmm `m cj qum pm`akjs j mdtmd`mkjs‛ (Mnmsajs 5986), rmspjd`mrç sus jrgeajdms ejkj bazj ejd cg `m Dmbmkëgs. Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc  Ad`aeg md ud kgpg `õd`m sm mdeumdtrgd Uusg y Imrusgcád. Bgz ud kj`mcj j `ahuig ud `agorgkg `m Imrusgcád, ejd sus pumrtgs y tjrrms (en.  E^ 76, p. 7>2). Um÷gcg cg rutg qum saouaõ Dmbmkëgs md su adspmeeaõd djeturdg (en. Dmbmkëgs 8978 ― 7=). 7=). @MEAUAÕD Q ^GCJX (7>=)  Dmbmkëgs saoum trghgigd`j, g pmsgr `m cgs grtakg÷gs `mc mdmkaoj  Dmbmkëgs 0 ― ?  kátj`js `m dj bgd yVrjpõsatj9 bgemr qum Kjstrgr cjs da÷jsqum smgdcjsejdseamdtms `mUgtgdçs cg adtmdeaõd `mcegkhag`j, @aghcj `m gpj`mrgrsm `m sus gckgs y bgemrcms `g÷j.  Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd  Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm eõkj ccmoõ Dmbmkëgs g Imrusgcád, ejd kg`mrg y jtrjs kgtmragcms qum sm dmemsatghgd pgrg rmejdstruar cjs kurjs y cgs pumrtgs qum bghëgd sa`j gsjcg`js. @mserahm eõkj rmudaõ g cjs cë`mrms `m cg eau`g` y `msvmcõ su pcgd pgrg cg rmejdstrueeaõd ( en.   Dmbmkëgs 897? ― 72). 72). Uad mkhgroj, tgd prjdtj ejkj gejr`grjd

ejkmdzgr cg jhrg, sus mdmkaojs mkpmzgrjd g hurcgrsm `m sus msnumrzjs y g bgemr tj`j cj qum pj`ëgd pgrg `mskjrgcazgrcjs. Mstjs E^ Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 7?6  

mdmkaojs dj qumrëgd vmr udg Imrusgcád numrtm y smourg, m baeamrjd usj `m tj`g su gstueag y su numrzg pgrg ejdemhar kgdmrgs ejkj  pu`amrgd `mtmdmr `mtmdmr cg jhrg `m @ajs.  Dumstrg cmeeaõd kjstrgrç cgs `astadtgs a`mgs qum tuvamrjd pgrg nrustrgr cjs pcgdms `m Dmbmkëgs. Ejkmdtg g cg ecgsm qum Ugtgdçs, ejd sus ejcghjrg`jrms, mstç samkprm `mea`a`j g `mstruar cg jhrg `m @ajs, y sus táedaegs sm rmpatmd `m omdmrgeaõd md omdmrgeaõd. Ua mxgkadgkjs cjs pcgdms qum ur`amrjd, Pjhëgs y Omsmk, pj`rmkjs  prmpgrgrdjss pgrg cjs `astadtjs tapjs `m gtgqums qum mc @aghcj  prmpgrgrdj  pmrpmtrg sjhrm eugcquamr da÷j j g`uctj qum adtmdtg mdejdtrgr gc Um÷jr y smouarcm md cg getugca`g`. Pamkpj ráejr`.  G pmsgr `m tj`g cg gstueag y cg hrutgca`g` `mc mdmkaoj, cg rmm`anaegeaõd `m cjs kurjs sm ccmvõ g eghj md ud tamkpj ráejr`. ºVjr quá: Vjrqum Dmbmkëgs ejdnaghg md mc pj`mr `mc Um÷jr, y jrghg pa`amd`j gyu`g. Eg`g vmz qum mc mdmkaoj gtgeghg, ác sm `araoëg g @ajs y sm dmoghg g `migrsm adtaka`gr, mdog÷gr j g`ucgr pjr mccjs. @msmebghg adkm`agtgkmdtm eugcquamr prjpumstg qum vadamrg `m mccjs. Mc Dumvj Pmstgkmdtj djs `aem9 –Xmsasta` gc `aghcj y buarç bua rç `m vjsjtrjs‛ (Ugdtagoj 09?). ]dg vmz mstakucg`g cg akgoadgeaõd `m cjs da÷js `m mstm kj`j, pgsg g prmsmdtgr udg rmcgeaõd `mtgccg`g `m cgs gstutgs adtraogs qum mkpcmgrjd Ugdhgcgt, Pjhëgs y Omsmk. (g) Mc ra`ëeucj (en. Dmbmkëgs 097 ― =). =). Md prakmr cuogr, mc mdmkaoj ra`aeucazõ g cjs jhrmrjs y sm raõ `m sus msnumrzjs. ºEõkj pj`ëgd mstjs iu`ëjs m`anaegr mc kurj `m udg eau`g` g pgrtar `m gqumccjs kjdtjdms msejkhrjs egrhjdazg`js: Uus tj`j msnumrzjs `áhacms qum`mbgstg udg zjrrg pj`ëg mebgrcj ghgij.mrgd Gsë tgd sm  hurcghgd gqumccjs gqumccjs bjkhrms, bjkhrms, y Ugtgdçs bgem cj kaskj kaskj ejd djsjtrj djsjtrjs. s. Eugd`j mkpmzgkjs g tjkgrdjs cgs ejsgs `m @ajs md smraj, mc @aghcj bgem qum cg omdtm sm rëg y sm hurcm `m djsjtrjs, suoaramd`j qum cj qum g djsjtrjs djs adtmrmsg dj ms kçs qum udg ra`aeucmz. –¡^gkjs!  ‐ `aem `aem ‐   ¡Wuá `áhac y pgtátaej ms smr erastagdj!‛. Ua bmkjs `m sjpjrtgr msgs hurcgs, `mhmkjs pm`ar cg gyu`g `mc Um÷jr, ejkj bazj  Dmbmkëgs.

7=). Md smoud`j cuogr, eugd`j (h) Mc gtgqum (en. Dmbmkëgs 09> ― 7=). cjs mdmkaojs vamrjd mc prjormsj `m cg jhrg, sm mdejcmrazgrjd y  pcgdmgrjd udg jnmdsavg g orgd msegcg, pmrj Dmbmkëgs mstghg  prmpgrg`j,, y sus bjkhrms trghgigrjd ejd udg mspg`g (pgrg  prmpgrg`j 7?7  

`mnmd`mrsm) md udg kgdj y udg ccgdg (pgrg m`anaegr) md cg jtrg. Cjs m`anaeg`jrms mstghgd prmpgrg`js pgrg ejdvmrtarsm md sjc`g`js gc  prakmr gvasj, y ejkj tgcms ejdstatuëgd ud njrka`ghcm njrka`ghcm miáreatj. Mstghgd castjs –`ms`m cg suha`g `mc gchg bgstg qum sgcëgd cgs mstrmccgs‛ (Dmbmkëgs 0987) pgrg mdnrmdtgrsm g eugcquamr gormsjr. Ugdhgcgt y Pjhëgs sm `amrjd `am rjd eumdtg `m qum dj pj`ëgd dg`g ejdtrg tgc numrzg y sm kgrebgrjd `m gccë mdnurmea`js. @m cg kaskg kgdmrg, Ugtgdçs sm mdnurmem eugd`j vm g ud da÷j j g udg da÷g qum sm gemreg gc Um÷jr, y bgem tj`j cj qum pum`m pgrg `g÷gr y kadgr su nm, y gpgrtgrcjs `mc Um÷jr. Uusurrg `u`gs md dumstrgs kmdtms `aeaád`jdjs qum @ajs dj mxastm. Mc @aghcj djs `msgdakg bgeaád`jdjs pmdsgr qum cg va`g smrç trastm m adnmcaz sa `migkjs mc kud`j g ud cg`j pgrg smouar gc Um÷jr. Cg grkg`urg `m @ajs ms cj ùdaej qum djs pum`m gyu`gr g sjpjrtgr sus gtgqums, qum Vghcj `mserahm ejkj –`gr`js `m numoj‛ qum sm adtrj`uemd md dumstrj pmdsgkamdtj (Mnmsajs >97>). 0). ^amd`j qum su pcgd `m (e) Grtakg÷gs  (en.  Dmbmkëgs >97 ― 0). cuebg bghëg nrgegsg`j, cj saouamdtm saoua mdtm num mc mdog÷j. Ugdhgcgt y Omsmk g`jptgrjd udg getatu` gkastjsg y pa`amrjd g Dmbmkëgs qum sm rmudamsm ejd mccjs pgrg bghcgr. Dmbmkëgs dj sadtaõ cg tmdtgeaõd `m ghgd`jdgr su jhrg, y msj cm prjtmoaõ `m sus pcgdms gsmsadjs. G`vamrtm g cg ecgsm qum Ugtgdçs pum`m tjkgr mc gspmetj `m ud –çdomc `m cuz‛ (8 Ejradtajs 77970). Ua U a vm qum dj djs rmd`akjs rmd`akjs g sus gtgqums, cj adtmdtg pjr jtrj km`aj. Um vumcvm kuy rgzjdghcm y djs advatg g ejdsa`mrgr su sghaj ejdsmij. Prgtg `m smpgrgrdjs `mc Um÷jr gtrgyád`jdjs ejd jtrgs ejsgs, y djs bgem tj`j tapj `m suomrmdeags tmdtg`jrgs (pjd mimkpcjs g`meug`js pgrg cg m`g` `m tu ecgsm). (`) Bjrrahcms gkmdgzgs  (en.  Dmbmkëgs >9= ― 1). 1). @mserahm, md njrkg hrmvm, pmrj rg`aegc, cg eugrtg mstrgtmoag qum a`mgrjd gqumccjs bjkhrms9 gsustgr g Dmbmkëgs ermgd`j udg mcghjrg`g gkmdgzg qum suseatgrëg cg bjstaca`g` `mc rmy Grtgimrims. @m dumvj, mc pcgd ngccõ, y  Dmbmkëgs pa`aõ g @ajs qum njrtgcmeamrg njrtgcmeamrg sus kgdjs. Ejkmdtg g cg ecgsm qum, ejd nrmeumdeag, cjs iõvmdms ermymdtms sm mdeumdtrgd ejd

qum cg omdtm adtmdtg iuogrcms Wuazç gcouamdpjr`aog kmdtargs ejd rmspmetj g mccjs, jkgcgs tgc vmzpgsg`gs. sm samdtgd gsustg`js cgs ejdsmeumdeags qum akpcaegrç pjdmrsm `m pgrtm `mc Um÷jr. G vmems cjs pg`rms sm mdjigd kuebj eugd`j sus baijs sm ejdvamrtmd md erastagdjs. 7?8  

Md msm tapj `m prumhgs, djs `araoakjs g dumstrj Ugcvg`jr md jrgeaõd, y Ác samkprm djs gyu`g. gy u`g. G vmems Ác mebg ghgij mc –pcgd‛ qum sm bg ur`a`j ejdtrg djsjtrjs j egckg cg arg `m cg qum sjkjs jhimtj. Jtrgs vmems sm gemreg kçs g djsjtrjs y djs gcamdtg pgrg qum rmsastgkjs nrmdtm g cgs `anaeuctg`ms. Gcoudgs vmems cjs prjhcmkgs rmsuctgd smr kmdjs orgvms `m cj qum djs akgoadçhgkjs9 rmejr`mkjs eõkj Erastagdj, md Mc prjormsj `mc pmrmoradj,  `mseuhraõ qum cjs cmjdms qum tgdtj tmkëg mstghgd mdeg`mdg`js. (m) Iumoj sueaj (en. Dmbmkëgs >976 ― 70). 70). Mc kurj mstghg g pudtj `m geghgrsm, y cjs mdmkaojs `m Dmbmkëgs mkpmzgrjd g smdtar  pçdaej. Cms qum`ghg qum`ghg ud ùctakj truej md cg kgdog. kgdog. Mstg vmz su pcgd mrg rmgckmdtm mdrmvmsg`j. @mea`amrjd sjhjrdgr g gcoudjs prjnmtgs `m Imrusgcád, md cjs qum, mstghgd ejdvmdea`js, ejdvmdea`js, Dmbmkëgs ejdnagrëg. Vgogrjd g Umkgëgs pgrg qum cm trgaeajdgrg. Um ejdvadj qum gsustgrëg g Dmbmkëgs y cm adstgrëg g msejd`mrsm md mc Pmkpcj. ]dg vmz gccë, Ugdhgcgt y sus gkaojs `migrëgd md mva`mdeag cg ejhgr`ëg `m  Dmbmkëgs gdtm sus smoua`jrms y ejdsmouarëgd ejdsmouarëgd qum cm mxpucsgrgd `m cg eau`g` mdtrm hurcgs. Vmrj, udg vmz kçs, su ejdstgdtm ejdnagdzg md @ajs bazj qum sm `amrg eumdtg `mc ejkpcjt. Ughëg qum mc Um÷jr pj`ëg prjtmomr  pmrnmetgkmdtm  pmrnmetgkm dtm g sus samrvjs sad qum tuvamrgd qum ejrrmr ejkj ejdmijs gsustg`js gc rmeadtj `mc Pmkpcj. Cg prjnmeëg `m Umkgëgs dj tmdëg smdta`j, y, gudqum cg bghëg prjdudeag`j ud prjnmtg md mc qum  Dmbmkëgs mspmrghg pj`mr ejdnagr, prjdtj sm `aj eumdtg `m qum msm bjkhrm bghëg sa`j sjhjrdg`j pjr Ugdhgcgt. Mxpcaeg g tu ecgsm qum Ugtgdçs dudeg iumog cakpaj. Mkpcmg tj`j tapj `m rmeursjs pgrg gpgrtgr gpgrt gr g cjs da÷js `mc Um÷jr. G kmdu`j utacazg  prjpgogd`g  prjpgogd `g kmdtarjsg, bgeamd`j gnarkgeajdms gnarkgeajdms omdmrgcazg` omdmrgcazg`gs gs qum dudeg sm bgd `mkjstrg`j (cg tmjrëg `m cg mvjcueaõd, g cg qum cjs km`ajs `m ejkudaegeaõd sm rmnamrmd ejdstgdtmkmdtm ejkj sa numsm ud bmebj prjhg`j, ms ud mimkpcj `m mstm tapj `m grtakg÷g). Eugd`j djs smdtakjs trastms j `mpraka`js pjr gcoudg rgzõd, Ugtgdçs tgc vmz djs tamdtm g qum `u`mkjs `m qum smgkjs vmr`g`mrjs erastagdjs. Gsë

ejkj cjs gtrgeg`jrms g cgsmstgkjs gdeagdgsmdnmrkjs pgrg rjhgrcms, Ugtgdçs djs gsgctg ejd `u`gsmcaomd eugd`j j egdsg`js. @mhmkjs smr ejkj Dmbmkëgs y ejdnagr md cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs y md sus prjkmsgs< `m msm kj`j, smrmkjs sgcvg`js `m cgs trgkpgs `m Ugtgdçs. 7?5  

¡Cg jhrg sm geghg g tamkpj! Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum kuebjs `m cjs prjymetjs `m m`anaegeaõd qum sm `msgrrjccgd md cg getugca`g` sm geghgd kçs tgr`m `m cj prmvastj. Gcoudjs prjymetjs `m ejdstrueeaõd sm ejdecuymd ejd vgrajs g÷js `m rmtrgsj ejd rmspmetj gc pcgzj  prmvastj. Uad mkhgroj, mkhgroj, cjs kurjs `m Imrusgcád sm tmrkadgrjd `m m`anaegr md eadeumdtg y `js `ëgs, ¡y ejd trghgig`jrms vjcudtgrajs! Ejd nrmeumdeag sm bgd ccmvg`j g eghj ejsgs sjrprmd`mdtms eugd`j pumhcj `m @ajs sm bgVrmoudtg smdta`j akpucsg`j g bgemr cg jhrg `mc Um÷jr ymc Ác cms bg gyu`g`j. g cjs da÷js sa mccjs tgkhaád sjd samrvjs `mc Um÷jr. Ejdtrgragkmdtm g cj qum Ugtgdçs cms pum`g bghmr `aebj, mc erastagdj `asnrutg `m cg va`g kçs gpgsajdgdtm y mstakucgdtm qum pum`g mxastar. Adstg g cg ecgsm g `grsm eumdtg `m eõkj pcgdmg Ugtgdçs mdog÷grdjs m dog÷grdjs y kgdtmdmrdjs hgij su ejdtrjc. Ms kuy trçoaej qum tgdtgs pmrsjdgs dj smpgd qum md su va`g sm mstç cahrgd`j udg orgd hgtgccg9 ¡udg  hgtgccg pjr mc gckg `m eg`g pmrsjdg! ºUjkjs ejdseamdtms `m qum tmdmkjs ud mdmkaoj9 Ugtgdçs: Gyu`g g cjs da÷js g `mtmetgr sus kátj`js y g `araoarsm gc Um÷jr, quamd gkg g cjs pmeg`jrms y vadj g kjrar pgrg jhtmdmr mc pmr`õd pgrg mccjs. Um÷gcg qum `mhmrëgd sgcar `m cg mseumcg `jkadaegc ejd cg kaskg `mtmrkadgeaõd qum Dmbmkëgs `m husegr gc Um÷jr, y `m pm`arcm qum mstghcmzeg su Xmadj md sus va`gs. Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc  Ejdsaoum udg egig j udg cgtg y mserahm sjhrm mccg9 –Vcgdms pgrg `mtmdmr cg sgegd`j m`anaegeaõd `mc tgrimtgs kurj‛. `jd`m G km`a`g qum trgdseurrg cg cmeeaõd, vm `m mccg mstád mseratjs cjs tëtucjs `m eg`g udj `m cjs gpgrtg`js, `mc (g) gc (m). Ejdnjrkm vgyg nrgegsgd`j eg`g grtakg÷g, grtakg÷g, rjkpm cg tgrimtg y sgeg jtrg. HJD@G@ (7>>)  Um tmrkadg cg ejdstrueeaõd `mc kurj `m Imrusgcád  Dmbmkëgs 2 ― 78< 78< mspmeagckmdtm 2, 1, 7898? ― 05< 05< vágsm tgkhaád Dmbmkëgs =970 ―  71 

Vrjpõsatj9 @mserahar mc ojzj qum sumcm mxpmrakmdtgr mc pumhcj `m

@ajs. Ejdtadugr tgkhaád ejd dumstrj mstu`aj `mc pmrsjdgim `m  Dmbmkëgs y ejkpgrgr su `mvjeaõd bgeag Imrusgcád ejd cg hjd`g` `mc Um÷jr.  Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd  7?0  

Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum, g pmsgr `m cgs gkmdgzgs y `m cg jpjsaeaõd qum vakjs cg smkgdg pgsg`g, cjs kurjs `m Imrusgcád y sus pumrtgs numrjd rmejdstrua`js md eadeumdtg y `js `ëgs (en. Dmbmkëgs >97=). Kuebjs `m cjs jhrmrjs dj mrgd ejdstruetjrms prjnmsajdgcms, pmrj,  pjr su `msmj `m `m gorg`gr gorg`gr gc Um÷jr, Um÷jr, qum Dmbmkëgs bghëg adnud`a`j adnud`a`j md mccjs, –\tuvamrjd[ çdakj \j ejrgzõd[ pgrg trghgigr‛ (Dmbmkëgs 09>). Prghgigrjd gr`ugkmdtm y `urgdtm kuebjs `ëgs, md km`aj `m cg jpjsaeaõd, bgstg qum qum @ajs cg jhrgbghëg sm tmrkadõ. mdmkaojs qum egccgr y g`katar gyu`g`jUus g su pumhcj tuvamrjd md mstm orgd  prjymetj. @m`aegeaõd `m sus ejrgzjdms. Kumstrg ud `agorgkg j ud kj`mcj `m cjs kurjs y cgs pumrtgs `m cg eau`g` (en. E^ 76, p. 7>2). @mserahm cg msemdg eugd`j mc pumhcj sm rmudaõ gdtm cg pumrtg `m cgs Gougs  pgrg mseuebgr g Ms`rgs cmmr cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs. Bgz ud hrmvm  hjsqumij `m cjs `astadtjs mstg`js `m çdakj pjr cjs qum pgsgrjd cjs asrgmcatgs9 (7) trastmzg pjr mc pmeg`j (en. Dmbmkëgs 291), (8) ojzj md mc Um÷jr (en.  Dmbmkëgs 2978 ― 72) 72) (5) gprmeaj `mc trgtj pgsg`j `mc Um÷jr pgrg ejd su dgeaõd (en.  Dmbmkëgs 1) (0) `aspjsaeaõd g rmnjrkgr sus egkadjs, ms `mear9 vjcvmr g ougr`gr mc `ëg `m rmpjsj, `amzkgr, y jhsmrvgr cgs cmyms `m cg purmzg (en. Dmbmkëgs 76). Um grrmpadtamrjd `m sus pmeg`js, cjs ejdnmsgrjd y sm gpgrtgrjd `m mccjs, y mdtjdems mstuvamrjd prmpgrg`js pgrg `m`aegr su eau`g`, dumvgkmdtm rmstgurg`g, gc Um÷jr. Mxpcaeg g cg ecgsm qum dudeg ms ejrrmetj jnrmemr gcoj gc Um÷jr kamdtrgs mc pmeg`j pmrkgdmzeg md dumstrg va`g y dj djs bgygkjs grrmpmdta`j `m ác. Gcoudgs vmems cgs  pmrsjdgs adtmdtgd adtmdtgd –sjhjrdgr‛ g @ajs ejd humdgs jhrgs y `jdgtavjs,  pmrj Ác dj gemptgrç msjs omstjs `áhacms kamdtrgs mc ejrgzõd saog sueaj (en. Gkõs =987 ― 88). 88). @m`aegeaõd `mc kurj.  Gyu`g g cg ecgsm g adtrj`uearsm md cg dgturgcmzg ojzjsg `m mstg jegsaõd. Wuazç cjs kgmstrjs pum`gd ejkpgrgrcg g gcoùd suemsj rmeamdtm md cg va`g `m cg aocmsag j `m cg mseumcg `jkadaegc, eugd`j sm sadtamrjd ejdtmdtjs pjr bghmr tmrkadg`j ud prjymetj mspmeagc. Gsastar g udg emrmkjdag `m

adguourgeaõd `m eugcquamr tapj ms udgpgrtaeapgdtms, ejsg, pmrj, eugd`j cjs qum bgd bmebj cg jhrg sjd cjs pradeapgcms cg gtkõsnmrg ms ghsjcutgkmdtm kmijr. Cgs ecgsms `m cjs kçs pmqum÷js gprmeagrçd cj E^ Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 7?=  

jrouccjsjs qum sm `mhamrjd `m smdtar cjs da÷js eugd`j eruzgrjd cg  pgrtm `mc kurj kurj qum sus prjpajs prjpajs pg`rms pg`rms bghëgd m`anaeg`j. m`anaeg`j. Ejd gyu`g `m ud `agorgkg, pmrnacg cg rutg `m cgs `js smeeajdms `m cg prjemsaõd (en.  Dmbmkëgs 78957 ― 06), 06), qum euckadõ ejd ud orgd euctj `m g`jrgeaõd md mc Pmkpcj. Cjs oratjs `m iùhacj `m bjkhrms, kuimrms y da÷js md tj`g Imrusgcád pj`ëgd jërsm – `ms`m cmijs‛ (Dmbmkëgs 78905). Mxpcaeg g cg ecgsm qum dj bgy pumhcj kçs nmcaz y sjrprmd`a`j qum mc `mc Um÷jr eugd`j pamdsg md sus orgd`ms  hmd`aeajdms.  hmd`aeajdm s. Xj Xj`mg`js `mg`js ejkj djs mdejdtrgkjs mdejdtrgkjs bjy `m pmrsjdgs qum sm hurcgd `m cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs @a js y sm kjngd `m sus cmyms, saoum sam samd`j d`j  pjsahcm qum mxpmrakmdtmkjs mxpmrakmdtmkjs cg pj`mrjsg hmd`aeaõd `mc Um÷jr eugd`j mkpmzgkjs g smrvarcm. Bghrç ud tamkpj `m orgd rmojeaij eugd`j vavgkjs cg vaetjrag sjhrm dumstrjs mdmkaojs, ms `mear9 (g) cjs pmeg`js, qum mc Um÷jr djs pmrkatm vmdemr (h) mc tmkjr  g  g `mear g dumstrjs ejkpg÷mrjs `m mseumcg qum pmrtmdmemkjs gc Um÷jr, eugd`j Ác djs `g mc vgcjr pgrg bgemrcj (e) cg `anaeuctg`  `m  `m `gr g ejdjemr mc Mvgdomcaj g tj`js cjs qum vavmd g dumstrj gcrm`m`jr (eugd`j cg tmcmvasaõd, cjs pmraõ`aejs y bgstg cgs mseumcgs kumstrgd tgdtj gdtgojdaskj bgeag cjs vgcjrms erastagdjs), erasta gdjs), eugd`j mc Um÷jr rmspjd`m g dumstrgs jrgeajdms y djs pmrkatm ogdgr cjs ejrgzjdms `m kuebjs qum ud `ëg numrjd bjstacms. Cg `mvjeaõd `m Dmbmkëgs.  Ccmog`js g mstm pudtj, smrëg ejdvmdamdtm mvgcugr mc pgpmc qum bghëg tmda`j Dmbmkëgs md mstm orgd cjorj9 (g) Ghgd`jdõ cg ejrtm `mejrgzõd, Uusg. @m dj bghmreaõd sa`j`mcpjr cg  prmjeupge  prmjeupgeaõd aõd qum bghëg md su cg rmejdstrueeaõd rmejdstrue kurj dj bghrëg mkpmzg`j dudeg. Uu `aspjsaeaõd g `migr su pjsaeaõd `m kçxakg ejkj`a`g`, `m bjdjr y `m gutjra`g` md cg ejrtm rmgc `mc mkpmrg`jr cm ccmvõ g rmsegtgr udg eau`g` md ruadgs. (h) Prghgiõ `urgkmdtm md km`aj `m udg orgd jpjsaeaõd, ejd kuebjs mdmkaojs md ejdtrg. ]dg vmz md Imrusgcád, tuvj qum ejdvmdemr gc pumhcj qum vavëg md cg eau`g` y sus gcrm`m`jrms `m qum su prjpjsaeaõd mrg vaghcm y prçetaeg, y mstj supjdëg ud cgroj pmrëj`j

`m trghgij y prmpgrgeaõd. Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm tj`gs cgs gkmdgzgs `mc mdmkaoj, qum bghrëgd gtmrrjrazg`j g eugcquamrg qum dj mstuvamrg ejkpcmtgkmdtm `m`aeg`j g mstm orgd prjymetj. 7?>  

(e) Prghgiõ sunrgogd`j ác kaskj cjs ogstjs. Mxpcaeg qum  Dmbmkëgs, ejkj ojhmrdg`jr ojhmrdg`jr `m Imrusgcád g cgs õr`mdms `mc rmy Grtgimrims, mstghg gutjrazg`j pgrg rmecgkgr cjs ogstjs y orgvgr gc  pumhcj ejd akpumstjs akpumstjs g`aeajdgcms pgrg su prjpaj prjpaj hmdmnaeaj. hmdmnaeaj. Vmrj ác tuvj ejkpgsaõd `m gqumccgs pmrsjdgs, qum yg ccmvghgd pmsg`gs egrogs. Vjr msj trghgiõ sad ejhrgr y jnrmeaõ su omdmrjsg bjspatgca`g` g cjs `mkçs (en. Dmbmkëgs =970 ― 71) 71) (`) Mxpmrakmdtõ ud orgd ojzj eugd`j vaj cjs kurjs m`anaeg`js, cgs pumrtgs `m dumvj md su cuogr, y gc pumhcj `m Imrusgcád nmcaz y g sgcvj md mc Um÷jr. Mc gkjr `mc Um÷jr bgeag djsjtrjs.   Bgz udg gpcaegeaõd mvgdomcëstaeg mvgdomcëst aeg ejkpgrgd`j cg `mvjeaõd `m Dmbmkëgs ejd mc gkjr `mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj bgeag djsjtrjs (mstj dj saodanaeg qum Dmbmkëgs smg ud sëkhjcj –jnaeagc‛ `m Erastj, sadj qum, ejkj bjkhrm qum rmeahaõ mc mdegroj `m rmstgurgr Uajd, mxastmd mva`mdtms pgrgcmcaskjs mdtrm su jhrg y cg `mc Ugcvg`jr). (g) Gsë ejkj Dmbmkëgs `miõ cg ejkj`a`g` `m Uusg, Erastj `miõ cg ejrtm `mc Eamcj. Ejkmdtg g cg ecgsm qum Imsùs vavëg md ocjrag, `jd`m tmdëg çdomcms qum cm smrvëgd. smrvëg d. Ejd tj`j, eugd`j djs vaj egë`js y ejdtmkpcõ eõkj djs mxpcjtghg dumstrj mdmkaoj, Ugtgdçs, mc Um÷jr mcaoaõ `migr cgs ocjrags `m cj gctj y `msemd`mr g dumstrj pjhrm kud`j pgrg rmsegtgr y rmstgurgr g ud pumhcj pgrg së. (h) Ejkj Dmbmkëgs, mc Um÷jr trghgiõ gr`ugkmdtm ejdtrg cg jpjsaeaõd `m Ugtgdçs, pmrj g udg msegcg adnadatgkmdtm kgyjr. Uu tgrmg num sjcatgrag y su mdmkaoj, Ugtgdçs, adsparõ g bjkhrms  pmrvmrsjs ejdtrg Ác. Gc nadgc, Erastj sm `miõ erueanaegr sjhrm mc kg`mrj, `jd`m ccmvõ mc egstaoj `mc pmeg`j md dumstrj cuogr. (e) Gc aougc qum Dmbmkëgs pgoõ cg jhrg ác kaskj, gsë tgkhaád Erastj pgoõ ud prmeaj adkmdsgkmdtm kgyjr, mc `mc pmeg`j, pjr djsjtrjs. Mc Ugcvg`jr mstghg `mea`a`j g sgcvgrdjs, y mstghg `aspumstj g pgogr mc prmeaj. Ccmvõ mc `jcjr y mc sunrakamdtj qum `mhëgkjs sjpjrtgr cjs pmeg`jrms y, `m msg kgdmrg, djs cahmrõ.

Gbjrg rmecgkg cjs pudtj ejrgzjdms qum cm Bgz badegpaá sjhrm mstm pgrg `m qumgqumccjs qum`m ecgrj. Mdpmrtmdmemd. ud kud`j md mc qum sm mxpcjtg y sm kgdapucg bgstg g cjs iõvmdms pgrg jhtmdmr  hmdmnaeajs mejdõkaejs (ejkj bgemd, pjr mimkpcj, cjs prj`uetjrms prj`uetjrms 7??  

`m rmvastgs adkjrgcms pgrg g`jcmsemdtms), eumstg ejdemhar cg hjd`g` `msadtmrmsg`g `mc Ugcvg`jr gc rm`akar g cjs pmeg`jrms. (`) Gsë ejkj Dmbmkëgs sm gcmorõ gc vmr Imrusgcád rmstgurg`g, Erastj sm rmojeaig gc vmr g cjs pmeg`jrms rm`aka`js, md tj`j mc kud`j, y md tj`gs cgs ápjegs. Um gcmorg gc vmr qum su Xmadj ermem md cjs ejrgzjdms `m tj`js gqumccjs qum cm rmeahmd. Adstg g cg ecgsm g dj bgemr egsj jkasj `m udg hjd`g` tgd kgrgvaccjsg y g qum sm gemrqumd gc Um÷jr y cm bgogd Xmy y Ojhmrdg`jr `m sus va`gs. Mdtjdems mccjs tgkhaád sm ejdvmrtarçd md eau`g`gdjs `m cg eau`g` emcmstagc, y gccë vavarçd sgdjs y sgcvjs pgrg samkprm. Gsmourg g cjs  iõvmdms ermymdtms ermymdtms qum, g tj`js cjs qum sjd sgcvjs y sm bgd ejdvmrta`j vmr`g`mrgkmdtm gc Um÷jr, Ác, `m bmebj, cjs prjtmomrç  pgrg samkprm. samkprm. Pgc vmz Ugtgdçs Ugtgdçs cjs gkmdgem, gkmdgem, y quazç cjs pmeg`js pmeg`js cjs `msvëmd kjkmdtçdmgkmdtm `mc egkadj, pmrj pum`md ejdnagr md qum mc Ugcvg`jr, qum tgdtj cjs gkg, cjs kgdtmd`rç g sgcvj pgrg samkprm. Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc  ]tacazg mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc E^ 76 (p. 7>2) ejkj sm ad`aeg md cg cmeeaõd. ADEJDUPGDEAG (7>?)  Mc pumhcj `m Imrusgcád vumcvm g sus vjtjs  Dmbmkëgs 7590 ― 57 57  Vrjpõsatj9 G`vmrtar g cjs da÷js ejdtrg cg ejd`uetg adejd adejdstgdtm stgdtm qum sm `mserahm md Dmbmkëgs 75. @mserahar cg dgturgcmzg omduadg y `urg`mrg `m cg ejdvmrsaõd vmr`g`mrg.

 Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd 

Cg `mempeaõd. Ua cg Hahcag buhamsm sa`j mseratg pjr udg pmrsjdg dj adsparg`g, cg bghrëg geghg`j md Dmbmkëgs 78. Vmrj ejkj cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs ms samkprm namc y vmr`g`mrg, rmejom cj kgcj g`mkçs `m cj  humdj. Gyu`g g cg ecgsm pgrg pgrg qum samdtg cg `mempeaõd qum Dmbmkëgs Dmbmkëgs mxpmrakmdtõ eugd`j vjcvaõ `mspuás `m udg vasatg gc rmy Grtgimrims. (7) Mc mdmkaoj advatg`j g mdtrgr. ¡Dj pj`ëg ermmr qum, `m mdtrm

tj`gs cgs pmrsjdgs, sm cm bghëg `g`j udg mspgeajsg eçkgrg md gcjsPjhëgs gtrajs prmeasgkmdtm `mc Pmkpcj! Gdsajsj pjr ejkpcgemr g su ngkacag, Mcagsah, ud sgemr`jtm mkpgrmdtg`j ejd Pjhëgs, bghëg  pmrkata`j qum mc pradeapgc mdmkaoj `m cg jhrg `m @ajs tuvamrg udg rmsa`mdeag `mdtrj `m cjs gtrajs `mc Pmkpcj. Dj sjcj mrg udg cjeurg 7?2  

advatgrcm g mdtrgr, sadj qum mrg ud adsuctj pgrg mc Um÷jr y pgrg su samrvj Dmbmkëgs, qum bghëg m`anaeg`j mc kurj `m cg eau`g` pgogd`j tgd gctj prmeaj. Dmbmkëgs tmdëg rgzjdms pgrg smdtarsm `jca`j y mdjig`j, y jr`mdõ adkm`agtgkmdtm qum sm mxpucsgrg `m gccë g Pjhëgs (en. Dmbmkëgs 7590 ― 1). 1). @m mstg kgdmrg, cg eau`g` sm sgcvõ pjr pjej `m qum mc mdmkaoj tjkgrg pjsaeaõd `mdtrj `m sus pumrtgs. (8) Cg jhrg `m @ajs `msgtmd`a`g. Dmbmkëgs sm prmoudtghg pjr quá bghëg tgd pjejs sgemr`jtms sarvamd`j md mc Pmkpcj, y `mseuhraõ qum dj sm cms bghëg pgog`j. Ejdvjeõ gc pumhcj y cms rmejr`õ su  prjkmsg `m `gr `gr mc `amzkj ``mm sus hamdms y pjsmsajdms. pjsmsajdms. (5) Dj sm jhsmrvg mc `ëg `m rmpjsj. Mc saouamdtm prjhcmkg qum suroaõ num eugd`j mc `ëg `m rmpjsj Dmbmkëgs sm `mspmrtõ y jyõ mc mstrumd`j `m cjs eghgccjs y mc rukjr `m cjs tmd`mrmtms y cjs kmreg`mrms. Md vmz `m ougr`gr mc `ëg `m rmpjsj `mc Um÷jr, mc pumhcj mstghg jeupg`j kjdtgd`j mc kmreg`j, y tj`j tapj `m kmreg`mrms mxpjdëgd sus prj`uetjs pgrg vmd`mrcjs. ºUm gtrmvmrëg Dmbmkëgs g mdnrmdtgrsm g cg akpjpucgra`g` y g cg gkgrog bjstaca`g` qum eamrtgkmdtm `mspmrtgrëg sa prjbahëg mstm ejkmreaj adejrrmetj: Gqumccjs qum tmdëgd adtmrmsms pmrsjdgcms md mc kaskj dj `u`grëgd md mimremr orgd prmsaõd sjhrm Dmbmkëgs Dmbmkëg s pgrg qum pgsgrg pjr gctj mstm gsudtj. Vmrj ác ermëg qum Imrusgcád mrg cg eau`g` `mc Um÷jr. ºEõkj  pj`ëg pmrkatar qum cjs kgd`gkamdtjs kgd`gkamdtjs `m @ajs sm adeukpcamrgd adeukpcamrgd ghamrtgkmdtm: Vjr ejdsaouamdtm, pusj md kgrebg numrtms km`a`gs  pgrg acmogcazgr mstgs prçetaegs. Cgs pumrtgs `mhëgd emrrgrsm ejd emrrjij md cg vëspmrg `mc `ëg `m rmpjsj, y gsë `mhëgd pmrkgdmemr bgstg qum mc `ëg `m rmpjsj buhamsm tmrkadg`j ( en. Dmbmkëgs 75971). (0) Kgtrakjdaj ejd aderá`ucjs.  Cg `mempeaõd nadgc pgrg  Dmbmkëgs num num jër qum sm bghcghgd bghcghgd cmdougs mxtrgdimrgs mxtrgdimrgs md md Imrusgcád. Imrusgcád. Mstj ad`aeghg qum mc pumhcj sm bghëg mebg`j gtrçs `m su prjkmsg `m dj egsgrsm ejd kuimrms pgogdgs. Mstgs kuimrms g`jrghgd g cjs ë`jcjs y mdsm÷ghgd g sus ngkacags g bgemr cj kaskj. Dj bghrëg bgha`j dg`g `m kgcj md qum cjs iu`ëjs sm buhamsmd egsg`j ejd  pmrsjdgs `m jtrgs rgzgs sa mstgs buhamsmd rmdudeag`j rmdudeag`j g sus ngcsjs

`ajsms y buhamsmd smrva`j gc @ajs vmr`g`mrj. Vmrj mstjs egsgkamdtjs qumhrgdtghgd cg Cmy `m @ajs, cm `msgnaghgd, y ejdvmrtëgd Imrusgcád md udg eau`g` pgogdg. Dmbmkëgs, pums, sm pusj md kgrebg pgrg ejrrmoar mstm gsudtj (en. Dmbmkëgs 75985 ― 57). 57). 7?1  

Vjdmr dumstrg va`g md jr`md. Mstjs eugtrj pudtjs prjpjreajdgd g cjs kgmstrjs cg jpjrtuda`g` `m bgemr cgs ejrrmspjd`amdtms gpcaegeajdms pgstjrgcms pgstjrgcms pgrg cjs iõvmdms ermymdtms y pgrg jtrjs qum tmdogd adtmrás md sus ecgsms (cgs gpcaegeajdms pj`rëgd adtmorgrsm `mdtrj `mc `msgrrjccj `m cjs eugtrj pudtjs qum geghgkjs `m `mserahar, pmrj, pjr cj omdmrgc, smrç kmijr jeupgrsm `m mccgs `m kgdmrg ad`mpmd`amdtm, gc nadgc `m cg cmeeaõd). Vgrg mc ijvmd ermymdtm9 (7) Dj advatms dudeg g Ugtgdçs g mdtrgr. G`vamrtm g tj`js cjs da÷js qum mstád md ougr`ag ejdtrg mc @aghcj y su prjpgogd`g kmdtarjsg. Mstç `mea`a`j g advatgrsm g së kaskj pgrg mdtrgr md dumstrg va`g y ojhmrdgr sjhrm djsjtrjs, pmrj dj cm akpjrtg dumstrj hamdmstgr< sjcj cm adtmrmsgd su prjpaj pj`mr y  pjsaeaõd. Uu jhimtavj ms gpj`mrgrsm gpj`mrgrsm `m dumstrjs `msmjs y gtazgr mc numoj `m dumstrjs pmeg`js. ¡Wuá trçoaej ms qum tgdtjs iõvmdms ermgd sus prjkmsgs kmdtarjsgs y cm mdtrmoumd cgs ccgvms `m su ejrgzõd,  pgrg ejdvmrtarsm md sus msecgvjs y ccmvgr udg va`g `m akpam`g` y  pár`a`g tjtgc! tjtgc! G`vamrtm g tj`js cjs dumvjs erastagdjs qum mvatmd gc mdmkaoj y dj cm `mimd vjcvmr g mdtrgr md sus va`gs, da saquamrg md cg njrkg kçs adsaodanaegdtm. Advëtgcms g jeupgr sus kmdtms ejd cg jhrg `mc Um÷jr y su Vgcghrg, y dj ejd mdtrmtmdakamdtjs y getava`g`ms kud`gdgs. Xmejkaád`gcms cmeturgs erastagdgs, ejkj cgs hajorgnëgs `m orgd`ms samrvjs `mc Um÷jr euyj mimkpcj pum`gd smouar, iudtj ejd jtrjs cahrjs qum cms bgrçd hamd, cms gpjrtgrçd sgha`urëg y cjs egpgeatgrçd  pgrg rmspjd`mr gc @aghcj cg prõxakg vmz qum adtmdtm vjcvmr g adtrj`uearsm md sus va`gs. (8) Geuár`gtm `m cg jhrg `mc Um÷jr.  Adstg g cjs ermymdtms g qum gpgrtmd (vjcudtgragkmdtm) udg pgrtm `m su tamkpj, su mdmroëg y su gsaodgeaõd pgrg `m`aegrcjs gc smrvaeaj `mc Um÷jr, quamd cjs bg sgcvg`j. (5) Geuár`gtm `mc `ëg `m rmpjsj.   Dumstrj `ëg `m rmpjsj bg  pgsg`j g smr mc `ëg `mc Um÷jr, y sm sm ougr`g md udg njrkg hamd `astadtg. Md msm `ëg g`jrgkjs g @ajs, y mstu`agkjs cgs ejsgs `mc Um÷jr, y cm

smrvakjs. Dj trghgigkjs pgrg dumstrg prjpag ogdgdeag, da bgemkjs ejsgs qum dj dmemsatgkjs bgemr msm `ëg. ¡Ms mc `ëg `mc Um÷jr! Cm  pmrtmdmem g Ác, Ác, y ejkj erastagd erastagdjs js cj sghmkjs. 726  

(0) Vamdsg kuy hamd md quá gkastg`ms euctavgs.  Mxpcaeg qum cjs erastagdjs mdeumdtrgd tj`g su gyu`g, ouëg y `mcmatm md mc Um÷jr y md su pumhcj. Dgturgckmdtm saoumd tmdamd`j rmcgeaõd ejd gkaojs dj ermymdtms y cms prmjeupg su satugeaõd msparatugc. Cjs ermymdtms sm ejdjemd pjr cg hjd`g` y cg gtmdeaõd qum `mkumstrgd pgrg ejd gqumccjs mdtrm cjs qum vavmd. Vmrj sus gkaojs kçs emregdjs y sus ejdsmimrjs smrçd kamkhrjs `m cg ngkacag `mc Um÷jr. Dj dmemsatgd rmeurrar g cg catmrgturg kud`gdg, da gkgyjrms, cgs namstgs, g ejdsmimrjs qum cms gyu`md. Eugd`j smgd kçs dj da`mhmrëgd pmdsgrpgrg md egsgrsm ejd gcouamd qum dj smg erastagdj. Umrëg udg kmzecg akpjsahcm, pjrqum eg`g udj tmd`rëg udg pmrspmetavg `anmrmdtm, ejd jhimtavjs, cmgctg`ms cmgctg`ms m adtmrmsms `astadtjs. ]dj smrvarëg gc Um÷jr, y mc jtrj smrvarëg gc kud`j. Adstg g cjs iõvmdms erastagdjs g qum sarvgd gc Um÷jr ejd tj`j su ejrgzõd y g qum sm gpgrtmd `m cjs egkadjs `mc kud`j. Advëtgcms g bgemr mstg jrgeaõd9 Pjkg, jb @ajs, ka ejrgzõd). 7>). Xmeuár`gcms g Nácax, quamd jyõ mc Mvgdomcaj `m cghajs `m Vghcj y tmkhcõ (en.  Bmebjs 8098=), pmrj dj sm `mea`aõ g `gr udg rmspumstg smrag gc kmdsgim, y sm pmr`aõ pgrg samkprm. º@mdtrj j numrg: Adstg g tus da÷js g qum husqumd gc Um÷jr ejd tj`j su ejrgzõd, g tjkçrsmcj md smraj y g `grsm eumdtg `m qum ejdvmrtarsm md erastagdj akpcaeg qum @ajs tm egkham prjnud`gkmdtm y pgrg samkprm. Dj ms ejkj eugd`j tm bgems sjeaj `m ud ecuh, qum cumoj pum`ms ghgd`jdgr< ms kçs hamd gcoj pgrmea`j g smr g`jptg`j md udg dumvg ngkacag. Mxpcaeg qum, udg vmz cm pa`gkjs pmr`õd vmr`g`mrgkmdtm  gc Um÷jr Imsùs pjr dumstrjs pmeg`js y mxpmrakmdtmkjs cg jhrg `m su Mspëratu Mspëra tu Ugdtj md dumstrj ejrgzõd, yg dudeg kçs `msmgrmkjs vjcvmr g dumstrg va`g gdtmrajr. ºUë j dj:  Xátgcms ejd cg prmoudtg qum bazj mc Ugcvg`jr, quamd bghcõ `m `js bmrkgdjs g cjs qum su pg`rm pa`aõ qum numrgd g trghgigr md su va÷g. Mc prakmrj sm dmoõ, pmrj gc nadgc num. Mc smoud`j `aij qum së, pmrj dudeg cj eukpcaõ (en. Kgtmj 87982 ― 57). 57). Vrmoudtg g cg ecgsm euçc `m cjs `js ejkpcgeaõ g su pg`rm. Ejkpgrg gc smoud`j smo ud`j ejd gqumccjs bghatgdtms `m Imrusgcád `m cjs tamkpjs `m Dmbmkëgs, egkhagdtms y vjcuhcms. Adstg g cjs da÷js g qum ejdsa`mrmd eua`g`jsgkmdtm sa bgd tjkg`j cg advatgeaõd `m Erastj g cg caomrg. Mxpcëegcms qum, ejkj kgmstrj `m mseumcg `jkadaegc, prmnmrarëgs tmdmr md tu ecgsm g ud da÷j qum gc pradeapaj dj sm sadtamsm sadtam sm ejdkjva`j  pjr mc Mvgdomcaj, Mvgdomcaj, pmrj qum, gc kgrebgrsm g egsg, pmdsgrg md ác smragkmdtm gdtms qum udj qum mdsmoua`g cmvgdtgrg cg kgdj ejkj vjcudtgraj pgrg smouar g Erastj, pmrj qum prjdtj sm jcva`gsm `mc gsudtj y vjcvamsm g su gdtaouj mstacj `m va`g. Cg jrgeaõd `m eamrrm `m Dmbmkëgs.  Ejdecuym cg cmeeaõd ejd cgs  pgcghrgs nadgcms `mc cahrj `m Dmbmkëgs9 Dmbmkëgs9 –Geuár`gtm –Geuár`gtm `m kë, @ajs këj,  pgrg hamd‛ (Dmbmkëgs 75957). Dmbmkëgs `mhaõ `m prmoudtgrsm prmoudtgrsm `urgdtm euçdtj tamkpj kgdtmd`rëg Imrusgcád cgs rmocgs qum ác bghëg

adstgurg`j. qum cgs cmyms y cgs rmocgs, pjr së sjcgs, sghëg, dj pj`ëgd bgemr qum Ughëg cgs pmrsjdgs numrgd pag`jsgs. Dmbmkëgs sad mkhgroj, qum @ajs rmspjd`m g cgs jrgeajdms `m gqumccjs qum ermmd md Ác, g pmsgr `m cj pmeg`jrg y rmhmc`m qum smg cg sjeam`g` qum cms rj`mg. Mxprmsg tu orgd `msmj `m qum md tu prjpag ecgsm bgyg gcoudjs 728  

qum, ejkj Dmbmkëgs, ejdjzegd gc Um÷jr `m udg kgdmrg pmrsjdgc, y qum cm pmrtmdmzegd. Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc  Vgrg mc rmtj mvgdomcëstaej, kumstrg udg egrtucadg gcgrog`g ejd udg  pudtg `m ncmebg md eg`g mxtrmkj. Md udj `m mccjs mserahm9 –ºEgcamdtm:‛< –ºEgcamdt m:‛< y md mc jtrj9 –ºNrëj:‛. Q cumoj mdsm÷g g cjs da÷js jtrgs `js egrtucadgs sakacgrms `jd`m pjdog9 –º@mdtrj:‛ y –ºNumrg:‛< y –ºUë:‛ y –ºDj:‛.  –ºDj:‛.  XMVGUJ (7>2)  Vrjpõsatj9  Advatgr g cjs da÷js g rmncmxajdgr sjhrm mc akpjrtgdtm,  pmrj `mseua`g`j, `mseua`g`j, tmkg `mc egrçetmr bukgdj y cjs ngetjrms qum cj kjc`mgd. Bgemr badegpaá md cg `anmrmdeag qum mxastm mdtrm gqumccjs euyg va`g pmrtmdmem gc Um÷jr y gqumccjs qum cm rmebgzgd.  Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd  Ad`aeg g cg ecgsm mstu`aj bukgdj ms ngseadgdtm. @mkumstrg qum msqum ud mc gsudtj qum,`mcpjregrçetmr cj omdmrgc, sm pgsg pjr gctj y sm `msgtamd`m md dumstrg sjeam`g`. Cgs pmrsjdgs sm ka`md mdtrm së smoùd su áxatj kgtmragc kgtmrag c m adtmcmetugc, y dj pjr mc tapj `m pmrsjdg qum sjd. –ºEuçdtg raqumzg, adtmcaomdeag, hmccmzg, pjpucgra`g` y nmcaea`g` tmdoj:‛< msgs sjd cgs prmoudtgs qum cgs pmrsjdgs sm bgemd. Xgrg vmz jëkjs9 –ºEuçdtg hjd`g`, bjdrg`mz, gkghaca`g` tmdoj: ºMd quá km`a`g gorg`j g @ajs:‛.  @ajs:‛.  Gyu`g g cjs da÷js g `mtmdmrsm y vmr cj ghsur`j qum pum`m rmsuctgr mstg pjsturg.ccmdj º@m quá vavar md yud egpgz kud`j`mtgd bgemr gvgdzg`j md tmedjcjoëg, `m sarvm jr`mdg`jrms, vumcjs supmrsõdaejs, sa cg kgyjrëg `m sus bghatgdtms sm samdtmd ghrukg`js  pjr cg `mprmsaõd, `mprmsaõd, cg adnmcaea`g`, mc tmkjr, cg nrustrgeaõd, cg pjhrmzg y cg oumrrg: ]d vastgzj g eugcquamr pmraõ`aej pmr aõ`aej djs ejdvmdemrç `m qum dumstrj kud`j mstç ccmdj `m pmrsjdgs qum sjd mxpmrtjs eamdtënaejs, `mpjrtastgs `m áxatj, gegu`gcg`js bjkhrms `m dmojeaj, pj`mrjsjs  pjcëtaejs j grtastgs ngkjsjs, euygs va`gs pmrsjdgcms sjd adnmcaems y g kmdu`j sm vmd kgreg`gs pjr cg trgom`ag. ¡Bgy tgdtgs pmrsjdgs qum

dj pgrmemdtgkhaád smr egpgems pjr sëpjr sjcgs! Cgs ngkacags ejrramdtms vmd `m susgrrmocçrsmcgs va`gs grruadg`gs cg vajcmdeag, cgs rmcgeajdms rjtgs y cgs mspmrgdzgs nrustrg`gs. Bgd ejdstrua`j sus va`gs sad mc nud`gkmdtj `m cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs y dj pum`md sjpjrtgr mc ëkpmtu `m cgs tjrkmdtgs `m cg va`g. 725  

Cg Hahcag prmstg udg orgd gtmdeaõd g cg njrkgeaõd `mc egrçetmr. Md mstg smram `m cmeeajdms bmkjs vastj gcoudjs mimkpcjs kgrgvaccjsjs `m va`gs ejd vmr`g`mrj áxatj. Va`m g cg ecgsm qum tm djkhrm mimkpcjs. Bmkjs bghcg`j tgkhaád gemreg `m cjs qum vamrjd su áxatj grruadg`j pjr `mnmetjs ngtgcms qum tmdëgd md su egrçetmr. Cjs kgmstrjs `m cgs ecgsms `m cjs kgyjrms pum`m qum quamrgd `gr g cg cmeeaõd ud egrçetmr vasugc, prmsmdtgd`j cg sacumtg `m udg eghmzg bukgdg. @avë`mcg md eadej ejkpgrtakmdtjs smpgrg`js, pmrj `mig ud eëreucj md mc emdtrj. Mtaqumtg cgs eadej smeeajdms9 (g) humdg prmsmdeag9 qum ejd`uem g tmdmr gkastg`ms, g`kargeaõd,  pjpucgra`g`) Dmbmkëgs num ud bjkhrm bukac`m qum ejdnmsõ gc Um÷jr sus  pmeg`js y cjs `m su pu pumhcj. mhcj. ºVjrq ºVjrquá uá bgy tgdtg `anmrmdeag eugd`j sm ermm md @ajs y sm cm ejdjem: ºEõkj rmspjd`aõ mc Um÷jr g cg jrgeaõd `m Dmbmkëgs pjr km`aj `mc rmy Grtgimrims: (?) Cjs mdmkaojs `m Imrusgcád utacazgrjd kuebgs grtakg÷gs y ejdspargeajdms pgrg akpm`ar qum cjs kurjs `m cg eau`g` sm rmm`anaegrgd. ºVjr quá dj tuvamrjd áxatj: ºEõkj pum`md rmsastar cjs  iõvmdms erastagdjs nrmdtm g cjs adtmdtjs `m Ugtgdçs `m grruadgr su nuturj: (2) Mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj9 cg va`g `m Dmbmkëgs ms naourg naour g `m cg va`g `m Erastj y `m su gkjr. Dmbmkëgs `miõ mc pgcgeaj `mc Xmy pgrg  prjtmomr gc pumhcj `m @ajs. ºWuá `miõ gtrçs mc Um÷jr Imsùs pgrg sgcvgrdjs: Dmbmkëgs sm mdtrmoõ `ëg y djebm g cg jhrg `m rmm`anaegeaõd `mc kurj. ºEõkj sm mdtrmoõ mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj pgrg gsmourgr dumstrj nuturj: Dmbmkëgs pgoj kuebjs ogstjs `m su  prjpaj hjcsaccj. ºWuá pgoõ mc Um÷jr Imsùs pgrg rm`akardjs: rm`akardjs: Cjs erastagdjs sjd gqumccjs qum quamrmd smr –ejkpcmtgkmdtm ejkj mc Um÷jr‛. ºBgs bgccg`j mstm `msmj md tu ejrgzõd, tu  ejrgzõd, ejkj cm jeurraõ g  Dmbmkëgs: Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc  Prgzg cg sacumtg `m udg eghmzg bukgdg y utacëzgcg ejkj sm prjpjdm md cg cmeeaõd. ^aoásakg smram  ÁRJ@J 86  Cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs  7>1. ‐   ‐  Adtrj`ueeaõd  Adtrj`ueeaõd g cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs 

ºVjr quá mstu`agr mstgs `amz cmyms `m @ajs: º@m quá sarvm gprmd`mr gemreg `m udgs rmocgs qum sm mserahamrjd bgem egsa 0666 g÷js: ºWuá  hmdmnaeaj gpjrtgrç ejdjemr y ougr`gr mstjs kgd`gkamdtjs kgd`gkamdtjs pgrg mc nuturj `m cjs iõvmdms `m bjy: ]d `ëg, gc nadgc `m cg va`g, tj`js djs vmrmkjs ejdnrjdtg`js ejd mstg castg `m rmquasatjs `m dumstrj

Bgem`jr. Kçs vgcm tgr`m rmncmxajdgr gbjrg sjhrm mccjs qum `migrcj bgstg qum smg `mkgsag`j pgrg mdejdtrgr ud Ugcvg`jr. 7?6. ‐   ‐  Dj  Dj tmd`rçs `ajsms gimdjs `mcgdtm `m kë< dj tm bgrçs akgomd  72>  

ºWuá tapj `m –`ajs‛ tamdmd cgs  cgs  pmrsjdgs md sus va`gs ejkj gctmrdgtavg gc @ajs vmr`g`mrj vmr`g`mrj:: ºEuçcms sjd dumstrjs –`ajsms‛: ºVjr quá dj ms ejrrmetj adtmdtgr rmprmsmdtgr g @ajs pjr km`aj `m mstgtugs j padturgs: 7?7. ‐   ‐  Dj  Dj tjkgrçs mc djkhrm `m Imbjvç, tu @ajs, md vgdj  ºVjr quá ms tgd akpjrtgdtm mc djkhrm: Mc usj qum bgemkjs `mc djkhrm `mc Um÷jr `mkumstrg cj qum pmdsgkjs `m Ác. º@msprmeagkjs g dumstrj Bgem`jr, dumstrj Ougr`g`jr y dumstrj Iumz: ºJ sghmkjs gemregrdjs g Ác md cg njrkg ejrrmetg: 7?8. ‐   Geuár`gtm `mc `ëg `m rmpjsj pgrg sgdtanaegrcj   ‐  Geuár`gtm ºVgrg quá `m`aegr tj`j ud `ëg g @ajs, g g`jrgrcm y smrvarcm: Dumstrj Ermg`jr djs jr`mdg gpgrtgr ud `ëg eg`g smkgdg dj sjcj pgrg dumstrj  hamdmstgr nësaej y mkjeajdgc, mkjeajdgc, sadj, cj qum ms kçs akpjrtgdtm, akpjrtgdtm, pgrg mseuebgr su Vgcghrg y rmncmxajdgr sjhrm cgs eumstajdms kçs akpjrtgdtms `m cg va`g.  ‐  Bjdrg g tu pg`rm y g tu kg`rm  7?5. ‐ 

ºMs mstm sjcj ud ejdsmij pgsg`j `m kj`g pgrg cjs da÷js: ºVjr quá `mhmrëgd bjdrgr g sus pg`rms: Mstm kgd`gkamdtj jr`mdg g tj`js ‐  tj`js ‐  g tj`g cg sjeam`g` ‐  qum   qum trgtmd g cjs kgyjrms y g cjs cë`mrms ejd rmspmtj. Mstm ms mc smermtj `m udg sjeam`g` mstghcm. ºWuá cms jeurrm g cjs –mdormë`js‛ qum rmebgzgd mc ejdsmij: Mc Um÷jr gkg y hmd`aem g cjs qum sm bukaccgd `mcgdtm `m Ác. 7?0. ‐   ‐  Dj  Dj kgtgrçs  Prgs mstm kgd`gkamdtj sm jeuctg kuebj kçs qum cg prjbahaeaõd `m gsmsadgr. Mstg cmeeaõd mxpcaeg qum bgy kuebjs getjs y getatu`ms qum njrkgd pgrtm `m cg ngkacag `m pmeg`js `mc gsmsadgtj, ejkj cjs emcjs, mc j`aj y mc hurcgrsm `m cjs `mkçs. Pgkhaád mdsm÷g gemreg `mc egrçetmr ùdaej `m cg va`g, qum mstç md cgs kgdjs `m @ajs. 7?=. ‐   Dj ejkmtmrçs g`uctmraj   ‐  Dj Mstm kgd`gkamdtj, qum adstatuym cg ngkacag y cg prjtmom ejd gkjr y cmgctg`, `mhm prjecgkgrsm bjy ejd kgyjr ecgra`g` qum dudeg, `g`j

mc ecakg getugc adna`mca`g` qum`mcvmkjs sjeam`g`. Cg adstgurgeaõd `m cg`mngkacag pjr pgrtm Um÷jr md `g gcgeg`g ad`ava`uj ud cuogr mspmeagc `m bjdjr, gkjr y eua`g`j `ms`m mc kjkmdtj `mc dgeakamdtj bgstg mc `m cg kumrtm. Mstg cmeeaõd `mseuhrm mc mxtrgjr`adgraj mxtrgjr`ad graj pcgd `m @ajs. 72?  

7?>. ‐   ‐  Dj  Dj burtgrçs 

Mc rjhj sm pum`m `asnrgzgr `m kuebgs kgdmrgs, pmrj ms akpjsahcm mdog÷gr gc Um÷jr. Ác ms mc orgd @g`jr, pmrj djsjtrjs sjkjs vacms cg`rjdms. ºEõkj pj`mkjs smr pmr`jdg`js: ºEõkj pj`mkjs pgogr cg `mu`g `m gkjr qum tmdmkjs ejd mc Um÷jr y ejdvmrtardjs md  pmrsjdgs gkghcms gkghcms y omdmrjsgs: omdmrjsgs: 7??. ‐   ‐  Dj  Dj bghcgrçs ngcsj tmstakjdaj  ºWuá bgy `m kgcj md `mear udg kmdtarg sa djs gyu`g g sgcar `m ud  prjhcmkg:: Mstg  prjhcmkg Mstg cmeeaõd djs eumdtg cg vmr`g` gemreg `m kmdtar, y djs kumstrg cj grrjogdtm m adsuctgdtm qum ms pgrg cjs `mkçs, y eõkj  pmrvamrtm dumstrg prjpag kmdtm. ºEuçcms sjd cgs ejdsmeumdeags: ºBgy gcouamd `m quamd pj`gkjs nagrdjs ejkpcmtgkmdtm: ºVjr quá mxecuym @ajs `mc Eamcj g tj`js cjs kmdtarjsjs: ºMs pjsahcm qum smgkjs trgdsnjrkg`js md pmrsjdgs vmr`g`mrgkmdtm sademrgs y vmrgems: 7?2. ‐  Dj ej`aeagrçs 

G cg bjrg `m mcmoar ud kgd`gkamdtj qum cm ejd`mdgrg  prjnud`gkmdtm  prjnud` gkmdtm (eugd`j gùd dj mrg sgcvj), Vghcj msejoaõ mstm  prmeasgkmdtm.. ¡Wuá jpumstj ms mc pgtrõd qum mc Um÷jr kgreg, md  prmeasgkmdtm ejkpgrgeaõd ejd cg adecadgeaõd adecadgea õd dgturgc `mc ejrgzõd bukgdj! ¡Q quá vatgc ms `mnadar g cjs da÷js cj qum sjd cjs `msmjs ej`aeajsjs, y kjstrgrcms su dmemsa`g` `m sgcvgeaõd! 7?1. ‐   ‐  Xmpgsj  Xmpgsj  ¡Bgy tgdtgs ejsgs qum `mpmd`mdºMstgkjs `m mstgs orgd`ms qum djs `g`j mc @ajs tj`jpj`mrjsj! prmstgd`jcmyms gtmdeaõd g bg su kmdsgim:  Adtrj`ueeaõd g cg smram pgrg cjs kgmstrjs kgmstrjs  Md cg Adocgtmrrg `m 72?6, eugd`j mc Mstg`j sm bazj egroj `m cg rmspjdsghaca`g` `m cg m`uegeaõd `m cjs da÷js, qum bgstg mdtjdems bghëg mstg`j g egroj `m jrogdazgeajdms erastagdgs, sm adecuyõ cg mdsm÷gdzg `m cg Hahcag md mc pcgd `m mstu`ajs. Bgstg bgem rmcgtavgkmdtm pjej, cjs da÷js gprmd`ëgd gc kmdjs cjs @amz

Kgd`gkamdtjs md sus g÷js `m mseumcg cgaeg. Dumstrg sjeam`g` rmejdjeëg qum mstm ejdiudtj `m pradeapajs kjrgcms mrg mc kmijr nud`gkmdtj pgrg udg sjeam`g` mstghcm y iustg. Msjs `ëgs bgd pgsg`j, y sm bg `mig`j md kgdjs `m ud rmkgdmdtm `m kgmstrjs `m mseumcg 722  

`jkadaegc cg tgrmg `m adstruar g cg dumvg omdmrgeaõd md mstm akpjrtgdtësakj gsudtj. Dmemsatgkjs akprmodgrdjs `mc mspëratu `mc Ugckj 771 gc gsukar mstg trmkmd`g rmspjdsghaca`g` y mstm orgd  pravacmoaj. Cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs sjd tgd vatgcms y gprjpag`js pgrg cg va`g `m eg`g da÷j qum cjs kgmstrjs, qum gc pradeapaj pum`md smdtar eamrtjs eamrt js rmpgrjs, prjdtj ejdsa`mrgrçd mstg smram (sa sm acustrg eua`g`jsgkmdtm ejd dgrrgeajdms m acustrgeajdms ccgkgtavgs) ejkj udg `m sus ngvjratgs. Mc bmebj `m qum cg sjeam`g` `m bjy `msgnëm ejdstgdtmkmdtm cjs kgd`gkamdtjs y cjs rmebgem bgem qum mc tmkg `m mstg smram smg `m orgd getugca`g`. ]dg pgcghrg `m g`vmrtmdeag pgrg cjs kgmstrjs kçs iõvmdms y ejd kmdjs mxpmramdeag. Cjs kgd`gkamdtjs trgtgd eumstajdms `mcaeg`gs (sjhrm tj`j md mc gspmetj smxugc). Vjr ejdsaouamdtm, saoum mc hjsqumij kuy `m emreg, j ejdsuctg ejd tus cë`mrms gdtms `m mnmetugr`meugcquamr rg`aegc g udgmdcmeeaõd. Bmkjs tmda`j djtaeag cmeeajdmsgctmrgeaõd `msgstrjsgs akpgrta`gs mc trghgij ejd iõvmdms  pjr quamdms quamdms `mea`md `mea`md pjr pjr su eumdtg y ramsoj trgtgr cg cg ejd` ejd`uetg uetg smxugc smxugc `m kgdmrg mxpcëeatg. Vrjpõsatjs `m cjs kgmstrjs pgrg cg smram.  Gc prmpgrgr mstgs cmeeajdms,, cgs saouamdtms prmoudtgs rmsuctgrçd cmeeajdms rmsuc tgrçd `m orgd gyu`g pgrg cjs kgmstrjs9 (7) ºBm gyu`g`j g cjs da÷js g rmspmtgr y g`kargr mstgs orgd`ms cmyms,  y g su @g`jr, mvatgd`j ud pcgdtmgkamdtj `mkgsag`j traccg`j y mxemsavgkmdtm mxemsavgkmdtm sakpcanaeg`j: sakpcanaeg`j: (8) ºCms bm egpgeatg`j pgrg gprmeagr cg prjnud`g sgha`urëg `m eg`g cmy, g pmsgr `m su smdeaccmz y hrmvm`g`: (5) ºBm `mkjstrg`j qum eg`g kgd`gkamdtj kgd`gkam dtj tamdm ud gcegdem kuy gkpcaj y qum, pjr cj omdmrgc, djkhrg mc pradeapgc `m tj`g udg ngkacag `m pmeg`js: (0) ºBm prjpjreajdg`j udg gyu`g prçetaeg g cjs iõvmdms md eugdtj g eõkj pum`md mvatgr ejkmtmr mc mrrjr `m ccmvgr ud mstacj `m va`g

qum `mkumstrm `msadtmrás ejd rmspmetj g cjs egkadjs `m @ajs, y `msejdjeakamdtj `m sus rmocgs: (=) ºBm sa`j egpgz `m `gr udg g`vmrtmdeag sademrg md eugdtj g cjs ramsojs qum ejrrm su nmcaea`g` pmrsjdgc sa qumhrgdtgd mstgs cmyms: 721  

(>) ºBm cjorg`j kjstrgrcms qum dmemsatgd ud Ugcvg`jr: Cjs rmcgtjs. G kmdu`j sm prjpjdmd rmcgtjs (qum tgdtj vgcjrgd, y ejd rgzõd, cjs kgmstrjs `m da÷js pmqum÷js) pgrg mimkpcanaegr cjs  pudtjs, j ejkj adtrj`ueeaõd adtrj`ueeaõd g cg cmeeaõd. Huseg mstjs rmcgtjs y gprjváebgcjs gc kçxakj. Vjr mimkpcj, sm gejdsmig g cjs kgmstrjs qum ejkamdemd cg cmeeaõd rmnmrmdtm gc eugrtj kgd`gkamdtj `mserahamd`j mc tëpaej `ëg `m rmpjsj md mc egkpgkmdtj asrgmcatg md mc `msamrtj. Cg njrkg md qum mc pumhcj `m msm tamkpj sm prmpgrghg  pgrg mstm `ëg mspmeagc y cg kgdmrg ejkj cj pgsghg ejdstatuymd ud km`aj ngseadgdtm y prçetaej `m adtrj`uear mc tmkg `mc `ëg `m rmpjsj. Prghgij `m kmkjrazgeaõd pjr `mpgrtgkmdtjs.  Umrëg kuy g`meug`j qum cjs cë`mrms `m cjs `astadtjs `mpgrtgkmdtjs pcgdmgrgd udg smsaõd smkgdgc `m kmkjrazgeaõd `m kgdmrg qum tj`j mc `mpgrtgkmdtj pu`amrg rmeatgr md orupj cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs. Cj a`mgc smrëg qum tj`js cjs da÷js rmeahamrgd cjs kgd`gkamdtjs akprmsjs md udg bjig Ejkpcmkmdtjs vasugcms   pgrg qum sm cjs gprmd`amsmd md egsg. Mstg smram sm jeupg `m ejdemptjs y kgd`gkamdtjs md vmz `m trgtgr gemreg `m suemsjs y dgrrgeajdms. Vjr ejdsaouamdtm, ms  pgrtaeucgrkmdtm  pgrtaeucgrkm dtm akpjrtgdtm qum cjs kgmstrjs prjpjreajdmd prjpjreajdmd ejkpcmkmdtjs ejkpcmkmd tjs vasugcms ccgkgtavjs y ùtacms. Mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc E^ 77 (p. 71=) jnrmem suomrmdeags qum sm pum`md mkpcmgr g cj cgroj `m cg smram. Mstjs kj`mcjs orgd`ms y ejcjra`js prjpjreajdgrçd ud  pudtj `m rmnmrmdeag pgrg eg`g cmeeaõd y naigrçd cjs pudtjs ecgvm md cg kmdtm y cg kmkjrag `m cjs da÷js. Cjs kgmstrjs `m cjs kçs pmqum÷js `mhmrëgd gprjvmebgr gc kçxakj cjs ejkpcmkmdtjs vasugcms prjpumstjs, mkhmccmeaád`jcjs ejd akçomdms sa cg ecgsm dj supamrg cmmr gùd. Gc trgtgr cgs smeeajdms –dj dgrrgtavgs‛ `m cgs cmeeajdms, mstjs ejkpcmkmdtjs ejkpcmkmdtjs vasugcms smrçd  pgrtaeucgrkmdtm  pgrtaeucgrkm dtm ùtacms pgrg ejdsmouar qum cjs da÷js prmstmd gtmdeaõd g cj cgroj `m tj`g cg ecgsm. Vjr mimkpcj, eugd`j sm tmdog qum akpgrtar cg cmeeaõd gemreg `mc sáptakj kgd`gkamdtj, sm gejdsmig qum cjs kgmstrjs ccmvmd g ecgsm ud ejdiudtj `m tgrimtgs `m nmcaeatgeaõd, qum

 prjpjreajdgrçd ud kátj`j djvm`jsj  prjpjreajdgrçd djvm`jsj `m acustrgr mc kgrgvaccjsj rmogcj qum @ajs djs bg `g`j gc prjpjreajdgrdjs cg uda`g` ngkacagr  pgrg eua`gr eua`gr `m eg`g ad`ava`uj ad`ava`uj `ms`m cg cg eudg bgstg cg tukhg. ]DG ADPXJ@]EEAÕD G CJU @AMY KGD@GKAMDPJU (7>1)   716  

Áxj`j 71 ― 86 86 (vágsm tgkhaád Xjkgdjs 5 ― ??))   Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd 

Acustrg mc ejdemptj kj`mrdj `m cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs kjstrgd`j y eatgd`j udg smcmeeaõd `m rmejrtms `m pmraõ`aej qum jnrmzegd mimkpcjs getugcms `m euçdtj sm `msprmeagd y sm pgsgd pjr gctj. Cumoj sm÷gcg udgs eugdtgs rmgeeajdms gtmgs gdtm cjs kgd`gkamdtjs, ejkj pum`md smr9 –ºVjr quá `mhmrëg adtmrmsgrkm pjr cgs cmyms `m @ajs, sa da saquamrg ermj md Ác:‛< j9 –ºGegsj dj tmdoj `mrmebj g `mea`ar cj qum quamrj bgemr: @mspuás `m tj`j, ms ka  va`g y ka  eumrpj‛.   eumrpj‛.

717  

E^ 77 ―  Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc pgrg cgs cmeeajdms gemreg `m –Cjs @amz

 Kgd`gkamdtjs‛ 

Vrmoudtg g cjs da÷js euçc ms su prjpag getatu` ejd rmspmetj g cjs kgd`gkamdtjs. ºUamdtmd cg tmdtgeaõd `m pmdsgr qum sjd dmogtavjs (–Dj `mhms…‛): ºUjd ejdseamdtms (ejkj sm÷gcõ Kjasás md 718  

@mutmrjdjkaj 5697= ― 86) 86) qum sjd eumstaõd `m va`g j kumrtm: Mc Um÷jr Imsùs cjs `mserahaõ md su ngkjsg pgrçhjcg ejkj ud nud`gkmdtj msmdeagc pgrg vavar, sad mc eugc cgs tjrkmdtgs `m cg va`g bgrçd mstrgojs md djsjtrjs (en.  Kgtmj ?980 ― 8?). 8?). Ujd kçs gprjpag`js y vatgcms qum eugcquamr jtrj gsudtj. Cjs pmraõ`aejs `gd kuebgs prumhgs `mc rmebgzj qum suseatgd cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs md cg getugca`g`. Pgkhaád rmejomd mc `jcjr y mc sunrakamdtj qum sm mxpmrakmdtgd ejkjcgsrmsuctg`j `m msm rmebgzj. Ad`aeg g cgs ecgsms`mc `m cjs kgyjrms qum sjeam`g`ms kçs mstghcms y ncjrmeamdtms kud`j bgd sa`j cgs qum sm bgd hgsg`j md cjs pradeapajs `m cg Cmy kjrgc `m @ajs. @mserahm cjs akprmsajdgdtms gejdtmeakamdtjs qum tuvamrjd cuogr eugd`j @ajs mdtrmoõ cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs Kgd`gkamdtjs g Kjasás. Xmsukm cjs suemsjs `m Áxj`j 719 (7) cgs prmoudtgs y rmspumstgs sjcmkdms ( en.  Áxj`j 7195 ― 2)< 2)< (8) cg mspmsg duhm qum mdvjcvëg mc Uadgë (en. Áxj`j 7191)< (5) mc gejr`jdgkamdtj `mc kjdtm ( en. Áxj`j 71978 ― 75)< 75)< (0) cg prmpgrgeaõd pmrsjdgc9 cgvgkamdtj y ghstadmdeag ghstadmdea g (en. Áxj`j 71970 ―  7=)< (=) cjs trumdjs, cjs rmcçkpgojs y cg vjz `m trjkpmtg ( en. Áxj`j 7197>)< (>) mc bukj, mc numoj, mc tmkhcjr `m cg kjdtg÷g y mc sjda`j `m udg trjkpmtg qum rmtukhghg eg`g vmz kçs numrtm eugd`j Kjasás num ccgkg`j g cg eukhrm `m cg kjdtg÷g pgrg rmeahar cgs `js orgd`ms tghcgs `m pam`rg sjhrm cgs qum sm bghëgd mseratj cjs kgd`gkamdtjs (en. Áxj`j 71972 ― 86). 86). Mstgs `js tghcgs `m pam`rg bghëgd sa`j mseratgs dg`g kçs y dg`g ejd mc `m`j `m @ajs. kmdjs qumtghcgs tgd vgcajsjs bghrëgd sa`j msgs kgduseratgs pjr  ¡Wuá @ajs, tmsjrjs `m dj bghmr sa`j `mstrua`gs  pjej `mspuás! `mspuás! Mxpcaeg qum cgs pam`rgs pam`rgs jraoadgcms jraoadgcms sm pmr`a pmr`amrjd, mrjd, pmr pmrjj qum mc Um÷jr vjcvaõ g `aetgrcm cjs kgd`gkamdtjs g Kjasás. Mstjs  pmrkgdmemd,, y smouarçd  pmrkgdmemd smouarçd samd`j cjs kaskjs, kaskjs, pjrqum sjd adgctmrghcms adgctmrghcms (en.  Kgtmj =972). Ujd cgs cmyms pjr cgs eugcms cjs smrms bukgdjs `mhmrëgd vavar y pjr cgs qum, `mspuás `m kjrar, smrçd iuzog`js. Ejd gyu`g `m cjs sëkhjcjs `mc eõ`aoj `m eareucgeaõd, egptg cg gtmdeaõd `m cjs da÷js (en. E^ 78, p. 8>?)< advatg g cg ecgsm ecg sm g mxgkadgr ejdtaoj

gcoudjs `m cjs cjspudtjs orgd`ms `m cjs y @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs. Mimkpcanaeg ejdrgsojs `mserapeajdms gdgcjoëgs `m cg va`g ejta`agdg `m cjs da÷js. Ujd9 E^ Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 715  

(7) @amz gspmetjs `mc egrçetmr `m @ajs. Ad`aeg qum, gsë ejkj cgs djrkgs msejcgrms `gd ud ad`aeaj `m eõkj ms udg mseumcg, `m aougc kj`j cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs djs prjpjreajdgd ud `mstmccj `m @ajs kaskj. Cjs pg`rms, gdsajsjs pjr mdvagr g sus baijs g udg mseumcg `jd`m sm `á akpjrtgdeag g cg gpgramdeag y g cg mcmogdeag, sm gcmorgrçd `m vmr qum cgs djrkgs adsastgd md qum sm ccmvm pumstj mc udanjrkm msejcgr. Cgs djrkgs qum prjbëhmd nukgr ad`aegrçd qum cg mseumcg sm  prmjeupg pjr pjr cg sgcu` `m ccjs js gcukdjs, gcukdjs, mte. Kumstrg g cg ecgsm eõkj, `m cg kaskg kgdmrg, eg`g udj `m cjs kgd`gkamdtjs djs mdsm÷g gcoj gemreg `m cg dgturgcmzg `m @ajs. Vjr mimkpcj, mc djvmdj kgd`gkamdtj9 –Dj bghcgrçs ejdtrg tu prõiakj ngcsj tmstakjdaj‛, djs mdsm÷g qum @ajs ms cg ^mr`g`. Ác dudeg kamdtm. Mc jetgvj kgd`gkamdtj9 –Dj burtgrçs‛, djs mdsm÷g qum q um @ajs ms cj ejdtrgraj `m ud cg`rõd. Ms mc orgd @g`jr `m tj`gs cgs ejsgs humdgs. Ms hmdmvjcmdtm y omdmrjsj. Mc sáptakj kgd`gkamdtj9 kgd`gkamd tj9 –Dj ejkmtmrçs g`uctmraj‛, djs mdsm÷g qum @ajs ms ghsjcutgkmdtm  purj y `aodj `aodj `m ejdnagdzg, ejdnagdzg, pjrqum pjrqum `mecgrg `mecgrg acmogcms cg akpurmzg akpurmzg y cg adna`mca`g`. Mc smxtj kgd`gkamdtj9 –Dj kgtgrçs‛, djs mdsm÷g qum @ajs ms gkjr, pjrqum prjbëhm tj`j j`aj, kgcaeag y vajcmdeag md sus eragturgs. ¡Wuá @ajs tgd kgrgvaccjsj tmdmkjs! Dj sjcj djs `g sus cmyms, sadj qum Ác kaskj cgs eukpcm md su tjtgca`g` y djs `g ud mimkpcj pmrnmetj. (8) @amz adstrueeajdms `m dumstrj Bgem`jr. Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum eugcquamr kçquadg j gpgrgtj vg gejkpg÷g`j pjr ud kgdugc `mc nghraegdtm.mdMsnudeajdgkamdtj< kuy akpjrtgdtm cmmrcj `m pjdmr cg kçquadg sa dj ejd cj gtmdeaõd bgemkjs,gdtms pj`rëg rmsuctgr ejstjsj y pmcaorjsj, y bgstg tmdmr ejdsmeumdeags ngtgcms. Kmdeajdg mc tapj `m geea`mdtms `m cjs qum cjs da÷js pum`md bghmr jë`j, ejd gpgrgtjs, haeaecmtgs y gutjkõvacms, md cjs qum sm bgyg bmebj egsj jkasj `m cgs adstrueeajdms `mc nghraegdtm j cgs ad`aegeajdms `m smoura`g`. G ejdtadugeaõd, ad`aeg g cg ecgsm qum cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs sm  pum`md ejdsa`mrgr ejdsa`mrgr ejkj ``amz amz rmocgs qum mc Um÷jr, Um÷jr, dumstrj Ermg`jr, Ermg`jr,

 prmserahaõ, g nadcms`mejdtrg qum tuvaásmkjs tuvaásmkj va`g smourg y ejkpcmig `m áxatj. Cumoj, g`vaártmcms g`vaártm mc kgc usj s`mudg cg –kçquadg‛ kçs `mc udavmrsj, y cg qum prmsmdtg mc `asm÷j kçs bmrkjsj9 mc eumrpj bukgdj. Msgs djrkgs kmrmemd mc kgyjr rmspmtj. Ua dumstrj Bgem`jr djs prjbëhm mc smxj numrg `mc kgtrakjdaj, pj`mkjs mstgr 710  

smourjs `m qum udg ejd`uetg gsë djs egusgrç ud orgd `g÷j mkjeajdgc, kmdtgc y nësaej. ]tacazg ejkj mimkpcj mc egsj `m ud ijvmd kmeçdaej qum, md gusmdeag `m su imnm, ejd`uij ud egrj y pjtmdtm gutjkõvac `mpjrtavj qum sm supjdëg qum `mhëg mstgr rmpgrgd`j. ]dg vmz md cg egrrmtmrg, dj pu`j rmsastarsm g cg tmdtgeaõd `m ejd`uearcj g orgd vmcjea`g`, bgstg md eurvgs emrrg`gs. Vrjdtj buhj ud tmrrahcm geea`mdtm, qum `miõ mc gutjkõvac ejdvmrta`j md ud gkgsaij `m kmtgc, y egusõ cg kumrtm gc ejd`uetjr `m jtrj vmbëeucj. Kumstrg qum mstj pj`rëg smr udg akgomd `m cg njrkg md qum ghusgkjs `mc eumrpj qum @ajs djs bg prmstg`j. Mxgkadg`js md njrkg pjsatavg, cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs jnrmemd udg ecgrg ouëg pgrg mc vagim `m cg va`g. Vrjtmomd `mc pmeg`j y `m sus kmdtargs< `gd cuz y mdtmd`akamdtj md tamkpjs `m `anaeuctg`<  prjpjreajdgd  prjpjreaj dgd emrtmzg md kjkmdtjs kjkmdtjs `m egkhaj y `m pmcaorj, y jtjrogd ejkprmdsaõd y sgha`urëg ejd rmspmetj cg gtrahuymrgd dgturgcmzg bukgdg. ¡Dj ms `m mxtrg÷gr qum cjs samrvjs `m @ajsg cms tgdtg akpjrtgdeag! akpjrtgdeag! (5) @amz rmocgs pgrg prjtmomr mc Eamcj. Vrmsmdtg mstm tmkg ejd cg `mserapeaõd `m cg msemdg qum sm jhsmrvg eugd`j vjcgkjs pjr mdeakg `m cgs duhms. Gcoudjs da÷js yg bghrçd vagig`j md gvaõd. Jtrjs tmd`rçd kuebj adtmrás md jër eõkj ms suhar pjr mdeakg `m cgs duhms y `mseuhrar udg adkmdsg eùpucg gzuc y, pjr `mhgij, udg gcnjkhrg `m hcgdegs y purgs duhms mspjdijsgs, sad sueam`g` da  hgsurg `m dadoùd Uaoum `mserahamd`j Eamcj ejkj ud cuogr `jd`m tapj tj`jg cgmsvastg. purj, cakpaj, nmcaz ymc mtmrdgkmdtm sgtasngetjraj pgrg tj`js cjs qum vavmd gccë. Md ác dj pum`m mxastar mc `jcjr da mc pmeg`j. Md mc Eamcj dj bgy kumrtm, pjrqum @ajs kjrg gccë. Vrmoudtg9 –ºEõkj pum`m pmrkgdmemr gsë samkprm:‛.  samkprm:‛.   Mxpcaeg qum cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs sjd cg njrkg md qum @ajs  prjtmom mc Eamcj `mc pmeg`j pmeg`j y cg `msjhm`amdeag `msjhm`amdeag qum qum bgd `msnaourg`j y grruadg`j cg Pamrrg `ms`m qum bjkhrms y kuimrms cm rmebgzgrjd g Ác y sus kgd`gkamdtjs. Um bg pmrkata`j qum mc pmeg`j rmadm md cg

Pamrrg bgstg qum mc Um÷jr cg rmstgurm g cg Iustaeag. Uad mkhgroj, @ajs dudeg pmrkatarç qum mc pmeg`j sm gemrqum gc Eamcj. Gccë dj pj`rç vavar dadoùd kmdtarjsj, g`ùctmrj, gsmsadj, a`õcgtrg, da eugcquamr jtrj tapj `m pmeg`jr (en. 7 Ejradtajs >91 ― 76< 76< Gpjegcapsas 8798?). Mxpcaeg 71=  

g cjs da÷js kçs pmqum÷js qum bgstg udg sjcg kmdtarg, ejkj ud omrkmd advasahcm, mstrjpmgrëg mc Eamcj. Vjr tgdtj, tj`j pmeg`j mstç  prjbaha`j.. ºWuaád pj`rëg mspmrgr, pums, ar gc Eamcj, sa tj`js sjkjs  prjbaha`j  pmeg`jrms:: Cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs  pmeg`jrms Kgd`gkamdtjs mstçd ejdemha`js ejdemha`js pgrg kjstrgrdjs dumstrg ejd`aeaõd `mcgdtm `m @ajs< dj mstgkjs  prmpgrg`jss pgrg ar g vavar ejd Ác tgc ejkj mstgkjs.  prmpgrg`j mstgkjs. Ejd mccjs, @ajs @ajs djs adquamtg eugd`j djs vmkjs ejkj sjkjs, pgrg qum pj`gkjs smdtar cgcgvgr dmemsa`g` `mpmeg`js. bgemr gcoj pgrg husegr gc ùdaej Ugcvg`jr qum  pum`m dumstrjs dumstrjs pmeg `js. (0) @amz cmyms pjr cgs qum tj`js smrmkjs iuzog`js.  Gvasg g cg ecgsm `mc pmcaorj `m vjcvmrdjs tjcmrgdtms ejd mc pmeg`j. Um÷gcg qum ms kuy nçeac pmdsgr qum, pjrqum md cg Pamrrg pj`mkjs bgemr ejsgs adejrrmetgs y qum`gr akpudms (mspmeagckmdtm md mstg sjeam`g` getugc), pj`rmkjs bgemr cj kaskj g cjs jijs `m @ajs. Mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj g`vartaõ qum ccmogrç ud `ëg md mc qum tj`js dumstrjs smermtjs sgc`rçd g cg cuz. Pj`js smrmkjs iuzog`js smoùd cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs, qum cg Hahcag prmsmdtg y mxpcaeg md njrkg kuy ecgrg y `mtgccg`g, y qum tgkhaád mstçd mseratjs md dumstrg ejdeamdeag. Dj pj`rmkjs gcmogr `msejdjeakamdtj. Pj`js cjs qum dj bgygd vmda`j g Erastj md huseg `m pmr`õd, `urgdtm mc trgdseursj `m su va`g, smrçd iuzog`js ejdnjrkm g mstjs kgd`gkamdtjs. Ms ejkj sa g tj`js sm cms baeamrgd cgs kaskgs `amz prmoudtgs9 ºBgs g`jrg`j g jtrjs `ajsms, bgs rjhg`j, bgs kmdta`j, mte.: Dj bghrç dadoùd pgrtm `mc(en.Um÷jr, ad`ucomdtm pgrgngvjrataskj udjs pjejs pjr ngvjrmea`js   Bmebjsdadoùd 76980).trgtj Um `mkjstrgrç qum tj`js sjd pmeg`jrms kçs gccç `m eugcquamr `u`g, y qum bgd sa`j `mstatua`js `m cg ocjrag `m @ajs (en. Xjkgdjs 5985).  Dg`am tmd`rç mxeusg. Mc bmebj `m qum cg omdtm sm qumim tgd gkgrogkmdtm pjr mc kgc ejkpjrtgkamdtj `m jtrjs smrç cg prumhg `m qum ejdjeëgd cjs pradeapajs. Mc vmrm`aetj pgrg tj`js smrç `m eucpghaca`g`. Cg smdtmdeag smrç cg prjbahaeaõd mtmrdg `m mstgr md mc Xmadj `m @ajs (en.  Xjkgdjs 7 ― 8). 8). ¡Wuá ejdtmdtjs y gcavag`js

`mhmrëgkjs smdtardjs, pums, `m qum cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs pum`gd ejdsa`mrgrsm tgkhaád ejkj…  ejkj…  (=) @amz mstëkucjs pgrg husegr gc Ugcvg`jr.  Mxpcaeg qum cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs, gudqum pum`gd pgrmemr `urjs y ejd`mdgtjrajs, 71>  

tamdmd ud prjpõsatj humdj y kasmraejr`ajsj. ]tacazg ud mimkpcj g`meug`j pgrg tu ecgsm, md mstg cëdmg9 bgemrsm gcoudg rg`ajorgnëg  pum`m akpcaegr gcoudjs prjem`akamdtjs prjem`akamdtjs `msgorg`ghcms (ejkj, pjr mimkpcj, tmdmr qum tjkgrsm udg pgpaccg `m hgraj), pmrj, sa mstjs sgegd g cg cuz udg mdnmrkm`g` qum dmemsatg trgtgkamdtj, y orgeags g mccj sm geghg ejd mc `jcjr, `mhmrmkjs gemptgrcjs ejd gorg`j. Mc pcgd `m @ajs mrg qum su Cmy baeamrg qum, djsjtrjs, pmeg`jrms eucpghcms, tjkçrgkjs dumstrjs kuebjs mrrjrms, y qum djsy ccmvgsm, pums,ejdeamdeag gc Ugcvg`jr,`mqum ms mc ùdaej qum pum`m pmr`jdgrdjs rmdjvgrdjs. @ajs sghëg qum cg Cmy md së dudeg djs bgrëg humdjs, da  pj`rëg kmijrgrdjs kmijrgrdjs cj sunaeamdtm ejkj pgrg kmrmemr mc Eamcj. Um ejdeahaõ pradeapgckmdtm ejkj kgmstrj pgrg ccmvgrdjs g Erastj ( en.  Oçcgtgs 5980). Va`m g cjs da÷js qum ejdsa`mrmd mc `jcjr qum mc Ugcvg`jr tuvj qum sjpjrtgr pgrg pj`mr sgcvgrdjs. Md mstg smram `m cmeeajdms sm vmrçd sjrprmd`a`js gcoudgs vmems gc vmr qum bgd qumhrgdtg`j eg`g udj `m cjs kgd`gkamdtjs `m gcoudg kgdmrg, y qum kmrmemd mc egstaoj ejrrmspjd`amdtm. Ejkj bmkjs vastj, @ajs mstç `mea`a`j g mrrg`aegr y prjbahar eg`g trgdsormsaõd, pgrg pjdmr nad g tj`g trastmzg, `jcjr, mdnmrkm`g`, oumrrg y kumrtm (cgs gkgrogs ejdsmeumdeags `mc  pmeg`j). Vgrg pj`mr rmeahar mc pmr`õd, `mhmkjs `grdjs eumdtg `m qum mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj tjkõ mc egstaoj qum djsjtrjs `mhëgkjs gsukar, y cj sunraõ Ác kaskj, ejdemdtrg`j tj`j md udgs bjrgs, sjhrm cg Eruz `mc Egcvgraj. Ác, qum ms cg ^mr`g`, egroõ ejd mc `jcjr `m eg`g udg `m dumstrgs kmdtargs. Ccmvõ mc egstaoj `m eg`g  pmdsgkamdtj mojëstg, bjstac bjstac j akpurj. akpurj. ºVj`rëgkjs ºVj`rëgkjs tmdmr tmdmr udg prumhg kgyjr `m su adkmdsj gkjr bgeag cjs pmeg`jrms: pmeg` jrms: ]dg vmz hraccmd cjs kgd`gkamdtjs `m @ajs md dumstrg ejdeamdeag, djs ejd`uearçd gc Ugcvg`jr, qum mstç `msmgd`j cgvgr eg`g udj `m dumstrjs pmeg`js. Q eugd`j vmdogkjs g Erastj md huseg `m pmr`õd, Ác djs `grç udg dumvg va`g. @ms`m msm kaskj kjkmdtj, mxpmrakmdtgrmkjs ud egkhaj tgd orgd`m y djs smdtarmkjs tgd gorg`mea`js qum qumrrmkjs  ougr`gr sus kgd`gkamdtjs. ¡Ác dj sjcj djs cahmrgrç `m cg eucpg `mc  pmeg`j, sadj tgkhaád `m su pj`mr (en. Xjkgdjs >970)!

Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 

En. E^. 78, p. 8>?. E^ Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 71?  

DJ PMD@XÇU @AJUMU GIMDJU @MCGDPM @M KË< DJ PM BGXÇU AKGOMD (7?6)  Áxj`j 8697 ― >< >< Ugckj 77=97 ― 1< 1< Bmebjs 7?988 ― 57 57 

–Q bghcõ @ajs tj`gs mstgs pgcghrgs, `aeamd`j9 Qj sjy Imbjvç tu @ajs, qum tm sgquá `m cg tamrrg `m Moaptj, `m egsg `m smrva`ukhrm.  Dj tmd`rçs `ajsms gimdjs `mcgdtm `m kë. Dj tm bgrçs akgomd, da dadoudg smkmigdzg `m cj qum mstá grrahg md mc eamcj, da ghgij md cg tamrrg, da md cgs gougs `mhgij `m cg tamrrg. Dj tm adecadgrçs g mccgs, da cgs bjdrgrçs< pjrqum yj sjy Imbjvç tu @ajs, numrtm, emcjsj, qum vasatj cg kgc`g` `m cjs pg`rms sjhrm cjs baijs bgstg cg tmremrg y eugrtg omdmrgeaõd `m cjs qum km ghjrrmemd, y bgoj kasmraejr`ag g kaccgrms, kaccg rms, g cjs qum km gkgd y ougr`gd kas kgd`gkamdtjs‛ (Áxj`j 8697― >). >).  Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd  Vrmsmdtg mc prakmr y smoud`j kgd`gkamdtj cmymd`j cmdtgkmdtm cjs trms prakmrjs vmrsëeucjs `m Áxj`j 86. Vum`m qum gcoudjs da÷js `msejdjzegd mstjs `js ejd prakmrjs kgd`gkamdtjs y mstádg ngkacagrazg`js ùdaegkmdtm cjs pjstmrajrms, qum sm rmnamrmd rjhgr, kgtgr, kmdtar, mte. Jtrjs (quazç ejkj mc ijvmd raej) pum`m qum ejdjzegd su mxastmdeag, pmrj qum dj bgygd egptg`j dudeg su vmr`g`mrj saodanaeg`j. Kgd`gkamdtjs ecgvm. @a g cjs da÷js qum msjs `js kgd`gkamdtjs sjd, `m gcoudg kgdmrg, cjs kçs akpjrtgdtms. Ujd cg ccgvm qum ghrm tj`js cjs `mkçs kgd`gkamdtjs. Ua nuásmkjs egpgems `m eukpcar msjs `js, md eamrtj smdta`j, dj dmemsatgrëgkjs dmemsatgrëgkjs cjs `mkçs. Ua mc Um÷jr numrg dumstrj @ajs ghsjcutj, dj smdtarëgkjs mc `msmj `m rjhgr, kmdtar, j`agr, mte. Mxpcaeg g cgs ecgsms `m cjs kçs kgyjrms qum cg prmoudtg ecgvm `m bjy ms9 –ºVum`ms smr humdj sad @ajs:‛ (ms `mear9 ºVum`m bghmr udg sjeam`g` kjrgckmdtm mstrueturg`g sad rmcaoaõd:). Md cg getugca`g`, cgs pmrsjdgs quamrmd qum sm geghmd cg vajcmdeag, mc nrgu`m, cg ngctg `m bjdrg`mz, cjs gsmsadgtjs, gsmsadg tjs, mte., pmrj dj `msmgd ermmr md @ajs da cms gpmtmem g`jrgrcm. Vrmoudtg sa mstj ms pjsahcm. Cg rmspumstg ms9 ¡Dj! @ajs `mig kuy ecgrj md mstjs kgd`gkamdtjs qum ms `m vatgc

akpjrtgdeag qum cm rmejdjzegkjs g Ác, y sjcj g Ác, ejkj dumstrj @ajs. Uustatuarcm ms quatgr mc nud`gkmdtj sjhrm mc eugc rmpjsgd tj`js cjs kgd`gkamdtjs. kgd`gkamdtjs. 712  

@ajs, qum tm sgquá `m cg tamrrg `m Pu @ajs.  –Qj sjy Imbjvç tu @ajs, Moaptj, `m egsg `m smrva`ukhrm \msecgvatu`[‛ (Áxj`j 8698). Vgrg qum mstm kgd`gkamdtj dj pgrmzeg `urj y pjej rgzjdghcm, mspmeagckmdtm g cjs iõvmdms qum prjem`gd `m gkhamdtms y bjogrms dj rmcaoajsjs, sm÷gcg sm÷gc g qum mc Um÷jr adtrj`uij mstjs kgd`gkamdtjs pjr su orgd hjd`g` y ejd udg adtmdeaõd pjsatavg. Xmejr`õ g cjs asrgmcatgs, eugd`j mstghgd rmuda`js gcrm`m`jr `mc kjdtm Uadgë, qum mrgd cg –ngkacag‛ pgrg pumhcj mspmeagc,`m y qum Ác mrg quamdj cg cjsdgeaõd bghëgmsejoa`g rmsegtg`j `msmr cg suerumc msecgvatu` Ngrgõd. @ajs tgkhaád djs rmeumr`g qum ms dumstrj Bgem`jr y Ermg`jr. Pgkhaád `msmg smr dumstrj Ugcvg`jr. ]tacazg ud mimkpcj `m mstm tapj9 pa`m g cjs da÷js qum sm akgoadmd g ud kuebgebj (j udg kuebgebg) `m 76 g÷js qum dj bgyg vastj dudeg g su pg`rm, da bgyg jë`j bghcgr `m ác. Uupjdogkjs qum mc pg`rm num smeumstrg`j pjr ud tmrrjrastg kamdtrgs sm mdejdtrghg `m vagim numrg `mc pgës y qum bgem kuebj tamkpj yg qum sm cm bg `g`j pjr kumrtj. Cg va`g bg sa`j udg cuebg pgrg su ngkacag< cg kg`rm bg bmebj tj`j cj qum bg pj`a`j pgrg qum dj cm ngctgsm `m dg`g. @m prjdtj, ud `ëg, ccgkgd g cg pumrtg y mc kuebgebj j cg kuebgebg vm g ud mxtrg÷j `mcgdtm `m ác. ác . Ms su pg`rm,  pmr`a`j `urgdtm tgdtj tamkpj, qum gc nad nad bg bg sa`j sa`j cahmrg`j y bg vumctj g egsg. Ghrgzg g su baij y cm gsmourg qum dj sm bg jcva`g`j `m ác da ud sjcj kjkmdtj, qum cm gkg y qum gbjrg sm jeupgrç `m cg ngkacag. Mxpcaeg qum kuebjs da÷js ermemd sad sghmr qum tamdmd ud Vg`rm emcmstagc,sjkjs pmrj tgd dj dmeajs pjrqumqum Md md dumstrj ms  pjrqum qubgyg m da saquamrg sa`msgpgrmea`j. quamrg pmdsgkjs pmdsgkjs Ác. Gcegsj `grdjs `grdjs sus cmyms, djs rmeumr`g rmeumr `g qum Ác ms dumstrj @ajs. Md prakmr cuogr, djs `aj cg va`g. Pj`js cjs `ëgs `m dumstrg va`g Ác prjvmm gc kud`j `mc sustmdtj, vmsta`j y ghraoj. Pamdm pcgdms y prjpõsatjs kgrgvaccjsjs  pgrg su pumhcj, pmrj tgkhaád mstghcmem ecgrjs kgd`gkamdtjs kgd`gkamdtjs `m `aseapcadg, y djrkgs, pgrg dumstrj hmdmnaeaj. Cg prakmrg ejd`aeaõd ms sakpcmkmdtm qum cm rmejdjzegkjs y cm sarvgkjs ejkj dumstrj @ajs, y qum dudeg `araigkjs dumstrj kgyjr egra÷j y ejdnagdzg g

dadoùd jtrj. ºWuaád ms tu @ajs: Gcoudgs njrkgs `m pjdmrsm g prumhg. Bgz gcoudgs prmoudtgs g cjs da÷js qum cms bgogd rmncmxajdgr y cms gyu`md g mdtmd`mr quá saodanaeg @ajs. ]tacazg mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc qum sm 711  

 prjpjdm (en.  E^ 77, p. 71=, gc qum cjs kgmstrjs pum`md g÷g`ar akçomdms), y prmoudtg9 prmoudtg 9 ºWuá ms cj prakmrj md tu va`g: ºWuaád j quá tm prjpjreajdg pcgemr y nmcaea`g`: ºVgrg quá gbjrrgs tu `admrj: ºMd quá sm emdtrgd tus mspmrgdzgs y tus sum÷js: ºMd quaád j md quá ejdnëgs kçs y `m quaád j `m quá `mpmd`ms kçs: ºWuaád j quá gkgs y `asnrutgs kçs: Mxpcaeg g cjs da÷js qum cgs rmspumstgs g mstgs  prmoudtgs cms gyu`grçd gyu`grçd g `mseuhrar `mseuhrar quaád j quá quá ms mc @ajs (j ––`ajs‛) `ajs‛) `m sus`mhmkjs va`gs. Mcejdnagr, Um÷jr msy Gqumc quamd `mhmkjs `mpmd`mr, pjr md quamd g quamd`m`mhmkjs gkgr y jhm`memr mdeakg `m tj`j. Jtrjs `ajsms.  Ejkmdtg g cg ecgsm qum, `ms`m qum G`çd y Mvg `msjhm`meamrjd gc @ajs vmr`g`mrj, bjkhrms y kuimrms, y bgstg da÷js, bgd mstg`j advmdtgd`j y ermgd`j jtrjs –`ajsms‛ (ejsgs adgdakg`gs) pgrg ccmdgr mc `jcjrjsj `jc jrjsj vgeëj qum samdtmd pjr mstgr cmijs `m @ajs. Eatg gcoudjs gemdtugd`j y mimkpcanaegd`j gqumccjs pudtjs ejd cjs qum tu ecgsm pum`g mstgr kçs ngkacagrazg`g (vágsm cg  prjpumstg `mc ejkpcmkmdtj ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc). Ejd mccj, gyu`g gyu`grçs rçs g kgdtmdmr mc `adgkaskj `m cg cmeeaõd y g egptgr cg gtmdeaõd `m cjs da÷js. (7) @ajsms bmebjs g kgdj. Cjs da÷js mstgrçd ngkacagrazg`js ejd cjs `ajsms `m Hggc `mc Gdtaouj Pmstgkmdtj, pjr mimkpcj. Bmebjs `m kg`mrg, pam`rg, jrj j pcgtg, mstjs `ajsms mrgd pgtátaejs. Ejd nrmeumdeag tmdëgd njrkg `m gdakgcms, ejkj, pjr mimkpcj, ogtjs j bgstg msegrghgijs msegrghgi js oaogdtms. Mrgd `ajsms bmebj bmebjss pjr cjs bjkhrms pgrg sustatuar gc @ajs qum bazj g cjs bjkhrms. Dj pj`ëgd vmr, da jër, da bghcgr, da gyu`gr. Mstç ecgrj qum pmdsghgd qum udjs `ajsms advasahcms g`jptgrëgd g msjs ë`jcjs, y qum cms gorg`grëg rmeahar cg dmeag g`jrgeaõd `m cgs  pmrsjdgs, y sus bjcjegustjs. Vmrj msjs `ajsms dj pj`ëgd ejkudaegrsm ejd cgs pmrsjdgs, da mstgs ejd mccjs. Cjs supmrstaeajsjs  pmdsghgd qum msjs msjs `ajsms egusghgd tj`js sus adnjrtudajs, adnjrtudajs, y qum cms `ghgd hmdmnaeajs, pjr cj qum g`jrghgd cgs mstgtugs `mc ë`jcj ejd cg vgdg mspmrgdzg `m qum msjs `ajsms advasahcms tjkgrgd djtg `m mccj. Bgz qum cjs da÷js vmgd cj `morg`gdtm qum mrg pgrg smrms bukgdjs

adtmcaomdtms adecadgrsm y g`jrgr msm tapj `m ejsgs. ¡Wuá adsuctgdtm y `jcjrjsj ms pgrg mc vmr`g`mrj @ajs, qum bazj cjs eamcjs y cg Pamrrg, E^ Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 866  

ejd sus mspcád`a`js sastmkgs y `asm÷js, vmr qum bjkhrms y kuimrms  prmnamrgd g`jrgr g`jrgr g cm÷js cm÷js y pam`rgs (en. Imrmkëgs 898?)! @mserahm mc tmkjr y cg supmrstaeaõd qum ejd`uij g cgs pmrsjdgs g jnrmemr sgeranaeajs g msjs `ajsms bmebjs g kgdj, ejd cg mspmrgdzg `m qum cjs prjtmoamrgd `m cgs bgkhrudgs, cgs tjrkmdtgs u jtrjs `msgstrms, y `m qum cms prjpjreajdgrgd humdgs ejsmebgs. @ghgd pjr smdtg`j qum msjs `ajsms mrgd ejkj mccjs, ejd kgc omdaj y vmdogtavjs, y qum dmemsatghgd ogdçrsmcjs pjr km`aj `m jnrmd`gs j sjhjrdjs. ]dg `m cgs ejsgs qum rmsuctghgd kçs gtrgetavgs (pgrg cjs ejrgzjdms pmeg`jrms bukgdjs) md cg prçetaeg `m g`jrgr g msjs `ajsms adgdakg`js mrg qum dj pj`ëgd vmr, da jër, da djtgr mc pmeg`j. @m msm kj`j, pj`ëgd vavar ejkj cms gpmtmeamsm. Uus cuogrms sgorg`js sjcëgd smr tmkpcjs `m adkjrgca`g`. Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum saoum bghamd`j kaccjdms `m pmrsjdgs euygs va`gs saoumd `jkadg`gs  pjr ë`jcjs `m msm tapj. Kumstrg g cjs da÷js akçomdms `m Hu`gs, `ma`g`ms bad`ùms y mstgtugs `m cg varomd Kgrëg qum saoumd samd`j a`jcgtrg`gs gcrm`m`jr `mc kud`j md cg getugca`g`. (8) Mc `ajs –bmebj pgrg ejkpcgemr‛. Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum bgy kuebgs pmrsjdgs qum `aemd qum ermmd md @ajs, pmrj qum rgrg vmz gsastmd g udg aocmsag, sa ms qum gcoudg vmz cj bgemd. Um bgd nghraeg`j su prjpaj `ajs, `ajs , bmebj g km`a`g pgrg qum sm g`gptm g mccjs. Mstm `ajs ms `m trgtj nçeac y pgsg pjr gctj gct j tj`js sus pmeg`js. Gudqum nrgegsmd g cg bjrg `m ccmvgr udg va`g humdg, su `ajs cms `grç cg  hamdvmda`g gc Eamcj. Ua vgd g cg aocmsag, cms oustg g`jrgrcm `m tgc njrkg kaskjs `asnrutmd. pum`md pmdsgr qum su qum `ajs mccjs ms mc @ajs e rastagdj, erastagdj, pmrjMstgs Ác ms pmrsjdgs kuy `anmrmdtm. (5) Mc `ajs `m –msejom y ejkhadg‛.  Jtrg vmrsaõd `m mstm `ajs –bmebj pgrg ejkpcgemr‛ ms mc qum pum`m `mdjkadgrsm ejkj mc `ajs `m –msejom y ejkhadg‛. Ejdsastm md udg kmzecg `m nrgokmdtjs  prjem`mdtms  prjem`md tms `m `avmrsgs `avmrsgs rmcaoajdms. rmcaoajdms. Md cg getugca`g` getugca`g` sm sumcm adeatgr g cjs da÷js g nghraegr msm tapj `m `ajs< cgs mseumcgs emcmhrgd g vmems cgs nmstava`g`ms mspmeagcms `m eg`g rmcaoaõd pjr turdj. Cg ecgsm `m  pçrvucjs md cg mseumcg pum`m `mejrgrsm pgrg mc g÷j dumvj ebadj, cg

nmstava`g` `mc Xgkg`çd, cg Dgva`g`, mte., pjr turdj. Cg a`mg (kuy g kmdu`j)) ms qum cjs da÷js mcaigd cjs gspmetjs qum kçs cms oustmd `m kmdu`j eg`g rmcaoaõd. Cjs da÷js `m cg mseumcg smeud`grag tgkhaád mstu`agd cgs `astadtgs rmcaoajdms y gdgcazgd cjs –gspmetjs pjsatavjs‛ `m eg`g udg `m mccgs. Ejd tgd gkpcag vgram`g` `m mdsm÷gdzgs, mdsm÷gdzg s, pum`md pmdsgr 867  

qum ms pjsahcm ejkpjdmr ud `ajs g su oustj. Vmrj, sa sjcj udg `m msgs rmcaoajdms ms cg vmr`g`mrg, mdtjdems cgs pmrsjdgs qum bgd ermg`j su prjpaj `ajs mstçd g`jrgd`j g ud advmdtj. (0) Iuogr g smr `ajs. Gdtms `m qum cjs da÷js mkpamemd g smdtar `msprmeaj bgeag cgs rmcaoajdms prakatavgs y cgs ngcsgs rmcaoajdms ejdtmkpjrçdmgs, gyù`gcms g vmr qum dj ermmr md @ajs gcoudj ms aougc `m kgcj. Md vmz `m rmejdjemr g udg pmrsjdg y ud pj`mr `m cj gctj qum mstç pjr mdeakg `m mccjs, cjs gtmjs sjcj `mpmd`md `m së kaskjs. ^avmd pgrg ejkpcgemrsm g së kaskjs y `asnrutgr `m së kaskjs< `m mstg kgdmrg, sm ejdvamrtmd md sus prjpajs `ajsms, y `mea`md pjr së kaskjs quá ms ejrrmetj y quá ms adejrrmetj. (=) Mc `ajs `mc `admrj y `m tj`j cj qum mstm pum`m ejkprgr. Dj ms dmemsgraj `m`aegrcm kuebj tamkpj g mstm tmkg (ejkj sumcmd bgemr kuebjs kgmstrjs `m mseumcg `jkadaegc), pmrj dj pj`mkjs  pgsgrcj tjtgckmdtm tjtgckmdtm pjr gctj. Xmeumr Xmeumr`g `g g cg ecgsm mc mdjrkm mdjrkm msnumrzj qum sumcm`mejdccmvgr cg g`quasaeaõd cg raqumzg, cgrogs  ijrdg`gs trghgij, pár`a`g `m cg va`g`mngkacagr (y `m ejkj sus vgcjrms), mte. Cg prjkmsg `m cg raqumzg y cgs pjsmsajdms ms pgrg kuebjs ejkj cg g`jrgeaõd. Xmeuár`gcms cj adsmourjs qum sjd cjs `ajsms qum sm ejkprgd ejd `admrj y eõkj sumcmd ngccgr (en. Kgtmj >971). Mc Um÷jr  prjkmtm qum cjs qum advamrtgd su va`g g su smrvaeaj pum`md mstgr smourjs `m qum Ác cms vg g rmejkpmdsgr ejd tmsjrjs emcmstagcms qum dj sm ejrrjkpmd y qum dg`am cms pum`m rjhgr. (>) Mc `ajs `m cg `avmrsaõd. Kuebg omdtm qum dj g`jrg gc @ajs vmr`g`mrj sjcj pum`m gpg÷çrsmcgs md cg va`g ejdvartamd`j gc  pcgemr   md su `ajs. Mc @ajs vmr`g`mrj djs `g kuebgs jpjrtuda`g`ms `m `asnrutgr, pmrj gkgr mc pcgemr md cuogr `m gkgr g @ajs ms ejdvmrtar gc pcgemr md dumstrj `ajs. Bgstg gcoudgs getava`g`ms humdgs, ejkj cjs `mpjrtms, pum`md ejdvmrtarsm md ud `ajs. ¡Wuá trçoaej ms vmr eõkj kuebjs dj vavmd kçs qum pgrg vmr ejdstgdtmkmdtm cg tmcmvasaõd, pgrg sgcar pjr cgs djebms g jeupgrsm md `astadtgs `avmrsajdms, y pgrg geu`ar g cuogrms `m cuiurag `jd`m sm mxpmrakmdtg ejd cg `rjog, sakpcmkmdtm pjrqum dj pum`md vavar sad tj`j msj! Uu

–`ajs‛ gbjrg cms ojhamrdg y, tgr`m j tmkprgdj, sm smdtarçd ejkpcmtgkmdtm ejkpcmtgkmd tm adsgtasnmebjs m adnmcaems. Dadoùd jtrj `ajs< dadoudg akgomd. ^jcvamd`j g cjs ë`jcjs y g cgs jtrgs rmcaoajdms, rmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum mstjs mstçd prjbaha`js 868  

 pjr mc ùdaej @ajs vmr`g`mrj. vmr`g`mrj. ºVjr quá: Vgrg rmspjd`mr g mstg  prmoudtg, bgz qum cjs da÷js rmeumr`md rmeumr`md cg jegsaõd md cg qum mc gpõstjc Vghcj vasatõ cg eau`g` `m Gtmdgs (mstj prjpjreajdgrç ud gspmetj dgrrgtavj pgrg cgs ecgsms `m cjs kçs pmqum÷js). Cumoj, nud`gkmdtg tu rmspumstg sjhrm cg `mc Gpõstjc. Ác groukmdtõ qum g`jrgr g jtrjs `ajsms ms adejrrmetj pjrqum…  pjrqum…  (7) Eugcquamr `ajs qum bgogkjs ms naetaeaj.  Mc ùdaej @ajs tj`jpj`mrjsj y vmr`g`mrj qum bazj cjs eamcjs y cg Pamrrg ms `mkgsag`j orgd`m ejkj pgrg smr mseu`ra÷g`j pjr cg kmdtm `m sakpcms kjrtgcms. Vjr ejdsaouamdtm, Ác kaskj `mhm `mseraharsm j –rmvmcgrsm‛ g djsjtrjs, y msj ms cj qum bgem md cg Hahcag. Mc gpõstjc Vghcj `aij g cjs jrouccjsjs gtmdamdsms qum ác `mhëg `mseraharcms j gdudeagrcms g @ajs (en. Bmebjs 7?985). Eugcquamr adtmdtj, pjr pgrtm `m cjs bukgdjs, `m g`avadgr eõkj ms Ác utacazgd`j su akgoadgeaõd mstç ghjeg`j g smr ud nrgegsj y udg ngcsm`g`. Cg Hahcag ms mc ùdaej cahrj qum ccmvg cgs kgregs ermëhcms `m su gutjrëg (ejkj bmkjs vastj md cg smram `meakjsáptakg). `meakjsáptakg). (8) Bgy ud sjcj @ajs  pgrg pgrg tj`g cg rgzg bukgdg. Ác bazj –`m udg sgdorm tj`j mc cadgim `m cjs bjkhrms, pgrg qum bghatmd sjhrm tj`g cg ngz `m cg tamrrg‛ (Bmebjs 7?98>). Cgs rmcaoajdms –dgeajdgcms‛ ejdtrg`aemd mstg vmr`g`, y kmzecgr trjeatjs `m udg rmcaoaõd y `m jtrg djs gcmigrç gùd kçs `m Ác. ºEõkj pj`rëg bghmr ud @ajs pgrg ud pgës j ejdtadmdtm, y jtrj @ajs `anmrmdtm pgrg jtrjs: Ua mc @ajs qum sm `mserahm md cg Hahcag ms mc vmr`g`mrj, dj bgy cuogr pgrg jtrj.

(5) `m Cjs jtrjs `ajsms ccmvgd g cg omdtm g `msvagr cg gtmdeaõd `mc @ajs quamd tj`js `mpmd`mkjs pgrg vavar y pgrg tj`j, pjrqum –md Ác vavakjs, y djs kjvmkjs y sjkjs‛ (Bmebjs 7?982). ¡Wuá adsuctgdtm y `jcjrjsj ms gtrahuar sus jhrgs g jtrjs `ajsms (admxastmdtms)! ¡Wuá erumc rmsuctg `msvagr cg gtmdeaõd `m kaccjdms `m  pmrsjdgs dmemsatg`gs, `mc ùdaej @ajs qum pum`m gyu`grcms rmgckmdtm! (0) Mc @ajs vmr`g`mrj bg `msaodg`j ud `ëg  md mc qum iuzogrç g tj`gs cgs pmrsjdgs smoùd su jhm`amdeag, su `mpmd`mdeag `m Ác, y su

gkjr bgeag Ác. Gtrgmr g cgs pmrsjdgs bgeag `ajsms naetaeajs ms udg erumc`g` tmrrahcm, pjrqum `msvagrçd su karg`g `m su jhcaogeaõd `m  prmpgrgrsm pgrg mc `ëg md qum tmdogd qum mdejdtrgrsm ejd mc vmr`g`mrj @ajs y Iumz. Gsë ejkj Vghcj adstõ g cjs gtmdamdsms g qum 865  

ghgd`jdgrgd sus supmrstaeajdms y sus egkadjs `msprmeaghcms, mxbjrtg g tus da÷js g qum cakpamd su kmdtm y su ejrgzõd `m tj`js  cjs `ajsms qum bmkjs ejdsa`mrg`j md mstg cmeeaõd, y g qum husqumd gc ùdaej @ajs vmr`g`mrj. ]d @ajs emcjsj.  Eamrrg cg cmeeaõd ccgkgd`j cg gtmdeaõd `m cjs da÷js bgeag cjs vmrsëeucjs = y > `m Áxj`j 86. Mxpcaeg qum @ajs gkg tgdtj gc pumhcj qum bg ermg`j qum samdtm emcjs (md mc humd smdta`j)  pjr mccjs. J`ag vmrdjs `gr dumstrj gkjr y `mvjeaõd g jtrjs `ajsms. Md mc Gdtaouj Pmstgkmdtj, mc Um÷jr `mserahm ejd nrmeumdeag cg adna`mca`g` bgeag Ác ejkj gcoj qum cm egusg mc kaskj `jcjr qum mc g`uctmraj. Kumstrg g cjs da÷js qum su `mscmgctg` bgeag su Bgem`jr rmsuctg kuy `jcjrjsg y jnmdsavg pgrg Ác, y qum egstaogrç smvmrgkmdtm g gqumccjs qum mcaigd ermmr qum dj mxastm pgrg pj`mr dj bgemr egsj `m sus kgd`gkamdtjs. Ác prjkmtm tgkhaád pmr`jdgr md udg njrkg kgrgvaccjsg y hmd`mear g gqumccjs qum sm vumcvgd g Ác md gkjr y grrmpmdtakamdtj. Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc  Mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc E^ 77 (p. 71=) prjpjdm utacazgr utacazg r cg sacumtg `m ud trjnmj sjhrm cg qum sm ejcjegrçd cjs tëtucjs `m cjs gpgrtg`js `m cg cmeeaõd. Vrmpgrgr g`mkçs ud ejdiudtj `m akçomdms qum rmprmsmdtmd g cjs `astadtjs `ajsms qum sm g`jrgd md cuogr `m @ajs9 (7) `ajsms bmebjs g kgdj9 akçomdms `m hggcms y jtrjs ë`jcjs< (8) mc `ajs –bmebj pgrg ejkpcgemr‛9 ejkpcgemr‛ 9 cg akgomd `m udg ngkacag qum pgsg `m cgroj  pjr `mcgdtm `m udg aocmsag ud `jkadoj `jkadoj `m egkadj g udg tamd`g `m  igr`admrëg ogcmrëg ejkmreagc< ejkmreagc < (5) mc ejd `ajssëkhjcjs `m –msejom –msejom ejkhadg‛9 jududg ocjhj tmrrçqumj j kgpgkud`a `m cgsy `astadtgs rmcaoajdms< (0) iuogr g smr `ajs9 ud `ahuij qum kumstrm cg mvjcueaõd `ms`m mc kjdj bgstg mc bjkhrm< (=) mc `ajs `mc `admrj9  hraccgdtms gdudeajs `m orgd`ms egsgs, vgegeajdms `m cuij, `áeakjs `m cjtmrëg y mkpcmjs kuy hamd pgog`js< (>) mc `ajs `m cg `avmrsaõd9 akçomdms `m va`mjiumojs, gejdtmeakamdtjs `mpjrtavjs, ejdeamrtjs `m kùsaeg pjp, gdudeajs `m hmha`gs gcejbõcaegs (udgs akçomdms `m Gtmdgs tgkhaád smrëgd ùtacms).

860  

DJ PJKGXÇU MC DJKHXM @M IMBJ^Ç, P] @AJU, MD ^GDJ (7?7)  Áxj`j 869? 

–Dj tjkgrçs mc djkhrm `m Imbjvç, tu @ajs, @a js, md vgdj< pjrqum dj `grç  pjr adjemdtm Imbjvç gc qum tjkgrm su djkhrm md vgdj‛ (Áxj`j 869?).  Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd    Egptg gtmdeaõd `m cjs da÷js Cg akpjrtgdeag  prmoudtgd`  prmoudtgd`j9 j9 ºWuá`mmsud cj djkhrm. prakmrj qum cgs cg pmrsjdgs pmrsjdg s dmemsatgd sghmr gc mdejdtrgrsm ejd ud mxtrg÷j: Ms mc djkhrm `m msg pmrsjdg. Xmeuár`gcms qum, gdtms `mc dgeakamdtj `m ud hmhá, mc gsudtj kçs uromdtm pgrg cjs pg`rms ms `mea`ar eõkj sm ccgkgrç. Gyu`g g cg ecgsm g gvmraougr pjr quá sjd tgd akpjrtgdtms cjs djkhrms. Mxpcaeg qum cjs djkhrms a`mdtanaegd. Ujd mc km`aj pjr mc eugc `astadouakjs g udg pmrsjdg `m jtrg. Dumstrj djkhrm ms dumstrg a`mdta`g` `urgdtm tj`g cg va`g.

Cg kgyjr akpjrtgdeag `mc djkhrm `m @ajs. Cumoj, ejkmdtg g cg ecgsm qum mstj ejhrg gùd kçs akpjrtgdeag md mc egsj `m @ajs, g quamd dj pj`mkjs vmr ejd cjs jijs bukgdjs. Dj pj`mkjs ejkmdzgr g `mseraharcj, da akgoadgrdjs su gspmetj. ]d km`aj pgrg a`mdtanaegrcm y gprmeagrcm g Ác y su egrçetmr sjd sus djkhrms. Md cg Hahcag gpgrmem ud djkhrm pradeapgc, y udg smram `m jtrjs djkhrms qum djs gyu`gd g gprmeagr cjs kuebjs gspmetjs `m su kgrgvaccjsj egrçetmr. `aem qum Xmspmtj`mbgeag `m @ajs. Mstm mc djkhrm @ajsmcdjdjkhrm `mhm prjdudeagrsm –md kgd`gkamdtj vgdj‛, cj qum saodanaeg `m kgdmrg `mseua`g`g j sad pmdsgr. ºVjr quá ms ud `mcatj tgd orgvm g cjs jijs `m @ajs: ºVjr quá ejd`mdg @ajs mc usj adejrrmetj `m su djkhrm, gud gdtms `m ejd`mdgr mc gsmsadgtj y mc rjhj: ºVjr quá mstm kgd`gkamdtj gdudeag, md udg njrkg tgd sjcmkdm, qum @ajs dj djs `grç pjr adjemdtms (ms `mear, qum dj djs `migrç sad egstaoj) sa cj qumhrgdtgkjs: Vjrqum mc usj adsjcmdtm j `mseua`g`j `mc djkhrm `m @ajs `mig gc `mseuhamrtj dumstrg getatu` bgeag @ajs kaskj. Md vmz

`m rmspmtj bgeag Ác, ad`aeg `m Ác kjstrgr (cjs da÷js sumcmd pjdmr kjtmsqum g dj cjs pmdsgkjs kgmstrjs dg`g g cjsgemreg qum dj rmspmtgd). Mc saodanaeg`j `mc djkhrm `m @ajs.  Va`m g tus gcukdjs qum ejdsa`mrmd mc saodanaeg`j `mc djkhrm –Um÷jr‛9  –Um÷jr‛9  86=  

(7) Mc Um÷jr, quamd ms va`g.  –Mc Um÷jr‛ ms udg trg`ueeaõd `mc djkhrm bmhrmj –Imbjvç‛, qum vamdm `mc vmrhj –mxastar‛, j –smr‛. Mstm djkhrm saodanaeg qum @ajs ms Gqumc qum mxastm pjr së kaskj. Ác ms mc ùdaej qum dj dmemsatg gyu`g `m numdtms mxtmrajrms g Ác kaskj. Ác ms cg va`g, y ms cg numdtm `m cg va`g. Djsjtrjs `mhmkjs rmeahar  cg   cg va`g, y pj`mkjs pmr`mrcg nçeackmdtm. Vmrj @ajs samkprm bg mxasta`j y samkprm mxastarç. –Md mc pradeapaj \…[ @ajs \…[‛ (Oádmsas –Md (Gpjegcapsas mc pradeapaj \…[ (Iugd Gcng y cg 797). Jkmog‛ 792),mrg`m@ajs‛ cg –G‛ g cg797). –Y‛.Ác Ácmsms–mc mc ùdaej @ajs, udg ocjrajsg Prada`g` ‐  Prada`g` ‐ Vg`rm, Vg`rm, Baij y Mspëratu Ugdtj ‐   `jd`m cjs trms getùgd iudtjs md pmrnmetg grkjdëg. Gsë ejkj dj  pj`rëg mxastar dadoudg jtrg njrkg `m mdmroëg sad mc Ujc, tgkpjej tgkpjej  pj`rëg mxastar dadoudg jtrg njrkg `m va`g da dadoùd smr sad @ajs. Vjr ejdsaouamdtm, mc prakmr saodanaeg`j `m –Um÷jr‛ ms qum @ajs mstç mtmrdgkmdtmm vavj. mtmrdgkmdt (8) Mc Um÷jr, dumstrj Bgem`jr y Vrjvmm`jr.  Xmsuctg qum `mpmd`mkjs pgrg tj`j `m msm orgd Umr, –pjrqum md ác vavakjs, y djs kjvmkjs, y sjkjs‛ (en. Bmebjs 7?985 ― 82). 82). Ác ms cg ùdaeg numdtm numd tm `m tj`j hamd, mc kgdgdtagc qum sgtasngem tj`gs dumstrgs dmemsa`g`ms. Umouakjs `mpmd`amd`j `m Ác g `agraj pgrg vavar y rmspargr, pgrg tmdmr numrzg y sgcu`, y pgrg eugcquamr eugcqua mr jtrg humdg `ç`avg (en. Ugdtagoj 797?). ¡Ejd euçdtj tmkjr `mhmkjs utacazgr su djkhrm! Ejkj da÷js y da÷gs, y ejkj g`uctjs qum ngccgkjs y `mempeajdgkjs g dumstrj Bgem`jr, `mpmd`mkjs mspmeagckmdtm `m qum Ác mdeumdtrm udg njrkg `m pmr`jdgrdjs, rmsegtgrdjs `mc pmeg`j y mcmvgrdjs gc Eamcj y g cg va`g mtmrdg. Mc smoud`j saodanaeg`j `m –Um÷jr‛ ms, pjr ejdsaouamdtm, qum @ajs ms cg ùdaeg numdtm `m tj`j hamd, adecua`g cg sgcvgeaõd. (5) Mc Um÷jr, dumstrj ojhmrdgdtm. @m mstj sm saoum tgkhaád qum, sa @ajs ms cg ùdaeg numdtm `m va`g y hamd, `m kgdmrg qum Ác djs ermg y djs sustmdtg, mdtjdems Ác ms mc ùdaej ojhmrdgdtm cmoëtakj `mc udavmrsj y mc Um÷jr `m dumstrgs va`gs. Mc tmremr saodanaeg`j `m –Um÷jr‛ ms, ms, pjr tgdtj, qum @ajs ms mc ojhmrdgdtm suprmkj gc qum

`mhmkjs jhm`memr. Cg akpjrtgdeag `m gcghgr mc djkhrm `m @ajs. Dj ms `m mxtrg÷gr qum cjs asrgmcatgs tmkhcgrgd gc prjdudeagr mc djkhrm `mc Um÷jr. Dj djs sjrprmd`m qum egdtgrgd9 86>  

–Imbjvç ms ka njrtgcmzg y ka eçdtaej, y bg sa`j ka sgcvgeaõd \…[ ºWuaád ejkj tù, jb Imbjvç, mdtrm cjs `ajsms: ºWuaád ejkj tù, kgodënaej md sgdta`g`, tmrrahcm md kgrgvaccjsgs bgzg÷gs, bgem`jr `m  prj`aoajs:‛ (Áxj`j 7=98, 77). 

Cmijs `m bgemr ud kgc usj `mc djkhrm `mc Um÷jr, djsjtrjs tgkhaád `mhmrëgkjs utacazgr tj`gs cgs ngeuctg`ms `m dumstrg kmdtm, dumstrj pmdsgkamdtj y dumstrj ejrgzõd pgrg `grcm gcghgdzg. @mhmkjs qum cgsermmkjs jrgeajdms y cgs gcghgdzgs sjcj qum sjd gemptghcms rmejr`gr g @ajs eugd`j sademrgkmdtm md mc @ajs `mserahmd sus djkhrms. Xmeumr`g qum –Um÷jr‛ saodanaeg9 (7) @ajs mstç vavj mtmrdgkmdtm< (8) @ajs ms cg ùdaeg numdtm `m tj`j hamd, adecua`g cg sgcvgeaõd< (5) @ajs ms mc ojhmrdgdtm suprmkj qum `mhmr smr jhm`mea`j. ºEõkj sm qumhrgdtg mc kgd`gkamdtj:  (7) Cg hcgsnmkag. Md prakmr cuogr, mxastm udg njrkg jhvag y vac `m hcgsnmkag cg qum cgsEugd`j pmrsjdgs adsuctgd gbgemd @ajs mstj, utacazgd`j su djkhrm ejkjmd iurgkmdtj. cgs pmrsjdgs mkpcmgd mc djkhrm `m @ajs pgrg mxprmsgr su orgd `asoustj, j`aj y rmpuodgdeag, ejkj sa dj buhamrg udg pgcghrg kmijr pgrg `mserahar cgs ejsgs pmjrms `m cg va`g qum mc djkhrm `m @ajs. @m mstm kj`j kumstrgd euçdtj j`agd cg a`mg `m @ajs y cj pjej qum cm rmspmtgd j cm tmkmd. Cg hcgsnmkag ms cj ejdtrgraj `m cg g`jrgeaõd. Eg`g  iurgkmdtj ms ud oratj `m j`aj bgeag mc Eamcj. G`vamrtm g cjs da÷js qum dj bgogd mstj dudeg. Ejkpg`áemtm `m eugcquamr da÷j qum vavg md udmdmdtjrdj md mc ejta`agdj, qum sm bgog ud usjg smkmigdtm `mc `mea`a`js djkhrm `mg @ajs mc cmdougim y gcamdtg cjs qum mstád dj iurgr. G`vamrtm gc rmstj `m cjs da÷js qum dj sumcgd utacazgr tgcms mxprmsajdms md su vjeghucgraj `m qum, sa rmeurrmd g su usj, smrçd mspmeagckmdtm eucpghcms. Mimkpcanaeg mc pudtj ejd udg ejkpgrgeaõd saodanaegtavg pgrg cjs da÷js. ºAdsuctgrëgd gc `armetjr `m ud hgdej `mc qum dmemsatgrgd `msmspmrg`gkmdtm rmeahar ud prástgkj: ºJnmd`mrëgd gc earuigdj `mc qum md hrmvm sus va`gs numrgd g `mpmd`mr: ºKgc`mearëgd gc kgmstrj

qum gc `ëg saouamdtm tuvamrg qum mserahar ud adnjrkm j udg rmejkmd`geaõd gemreg `m mccjs: ºMdtjdems eõkj pum`md utacazgr gsë mc djkhrm `m @ajs, `m quamd `mpmd`md mccjs y sus gckgs md tj`j cj rmnmrmdtm g cg va`g, cg sgcu` y cg nmcaea`g`: 86?  

(8) G`jrgeaõd sad pmdsgr. Ujrprmd`m g cjs da÷js mxpcaeçd`jcms qum mstm kgd`gkamdtj sm sumcm qumhrgdtgr nrmeumdtmkmdtm md cg aocmsag. Mxpcaeg qum, eugd`j cgs pmrsjdgs utacazgd mc djkhrm `m @ajs md cjs bakdjs y cgs jrgeajdms sad pmdsgr md su saodanaeg`j, mstçd tjkgd`j su djkhrm md vgdj. Egdtgr bakdjs sjcj pjr `asnrutgr `m cg kmcj`ëg y pjr mc bmebj `m egdtgr, eugd`j cg kmdtm dj mstç `gd`j orgeags g @ajs ejdseamdtmkmdtm, rmsuctg jnmdsavj pgrg mc Um÷jr y ms ud adsuctjadsuctgrcm. bgeag Ác.Adstg Jrgrg sad `grsm geumdtg `m quaádqum, ms @ajs ms tgkhaád tu ecgsm qum rmeumr`m eugd`j egdtgkjs, jrgkjs y mseuebgkjs cg Vgcghrg `mc Um÷jr, mstgkjs md cg prmsmdeag `m ud @ajs pj`mrjsj y sgdtj, y `mhmkjs bgemrcj km`atgd`j hamd md cj qum bgemkjs. Xmeumr`g g cjs da÷js qum mc Um÷jr jr`mdõ g Kjasás qum sm quatgrg cjs zgpgtjs gc pasgr tamrrg sgdtg sg dtg (en. Áxj`j 59=). Gudqum djsjtrjs dj kjstrgkjs dumstrg rmvmrmdeag md msg njrkg pgrtaeucgr, dj jhstgdtm, `mhmrëgkjs smr sademrjs y ejdsa`mrg`js md cg bjrg `m cg mseumcg `jkadaegc. Md mstm pudtj, sjhrm tj`j ejd cgs ecgsms `m cjs kçs kgyjrms, ad`aeg qum g`jrgr `m kgdmrg bapõeratg, nadoamd`j smr erastagdjs eugd`j dj cj sjkjs, ms jtrg njrkg `m qumhrgdtgr mstm kgd`gkamdtj. (5) Cg bapjermsëg `msegrg`g. Ejkmdtg mc bmebj `m qum samkprm bg bgha`j pmrsjdgs kgcvg`gs qum bgd utacazg`j mc djkhrm `m @ajs  pgrg ogdgrsm cg va`g, j pgrg ejdsmouar ngkg y njrtudg. Mstj ms ud mimkpcj pgrtaeucgrkmdtm grrjogdtm y rmprmdsahcm `m eõkj sm pum`m tjkgr mc djkhrm `mc Um÷jr md vgdj. Gqumccjs qum sm prmsmdtgd ejkj pmrsjdgc pjrtgvjems `m @ajssukgs y utacazgd su pjsaeaõd ejdsmouarg  pj`mr y orgd`ms `m `admrj, `jdg`gspgrg pjr gqumccjs cjs qum mdog÷gd `aeaád`jcms qum ms pgrg cg jhrg `m @ajs, tmd`rçd qum sunrar ud `ëg mc smvmrj iuaeaj `m @ajs. @a g cjs da÷js qum, sa gcoùd `ëg sm mdeumdtrgd ejd smkmigdtms cjhjs ejd pamc `m jvmig, `mhmrëgd rmejr`gr qum mc Ugcvg`jr cjs `msmdkgsegrõ y cjs ejd`mdõ eugd`j mstuvj md cg Pamrrg. Ác dj quasj tmdmr dg`g qum vmr ejd mccjs, y cg kaskg getatu` `mhmrëgkjs tmdmr djsjtrjs. Eamrtgkmdtm dj `mhmrëgkjs `migr qum djs bgogd tgkhgcmgrdjs md dumstrg nm md mc

vmr`g`mrj @ajs, ms namc y humdj `msmgrçd mimkpcjs qum su quamd ecgsm ejdjzeg, sjhrm (cjs tj`jkgmstrjs sa sjd tmkgs `m cjspjdmr qum sm mstç bghcgd`j md cgs djtaeags md msm kjkmdtj). ]dg gpcaegeaõd mvgdomcëstaeg. Ad`aeg g cg ecgsm qum ms pjsahcm qum gdtms `m cg cmeeaõd pmdsgrgd qum cgs pgcghrgs dj tmdëgd tgdtg 862  

akpjrtgdeag, y qum mc kmrj cmdougim dj smrëg gcoj qum pu`amrg ejd`mdgrcms gc Adnamrdj. Gbjrg qum sm bgd `g`j eumdtg `m cg akpjrtgdeag qum tamdm mc djkhrm `m @ajs, y `m cj qum mstm `aem gemreg `m Ác, mdtmd`mrçd pjr quá md mc `ëg `mc Iuaeaj sm egstaogrç tgd smvmrgkmdtm g quamd qumhrgdtm mstm kgd`gkamdtj. Mxpcaeg qum adsuctgr g ud iumz (`msgegtj gc trahudgc) ms ud gsudtj kuy orgvm. Pgkhaád cj ms cg ad`anmrmdeag ad`anmrmdeag bgeag mc djkhrm `m @ajs. G km`a`g qum cjs da÷js rmejdjzegd qum dj samkprm sam kprm bgd eukpca`j mstm tmremr kgd`gkamdtj, kgd`gkamdt j, pjr kuy nçeac qum pum`g pgrmemr g prakmrg vastg, gprmeagrçd ejkj dudeg cg dmemsa`g` qum tamdmd `mc Ugcvg`jr. Gyu`g g cjs da÷js pgrg qum vmgd mc gkjr `mc Ugcvg`jr, quamd, md mc kaskj kjkmdtj md qum cjs bjkhrms y cgs kuimrms cm adsuctghgd y kgc`meëgd, mstghg ejcog`j md udg eruz ccmvgd`j su pmeg`j y su egstaoj (en. Oçcgtgs 5975). Kumstrg g cg ecgsm qum dj sjkjs kmijrms qum gqumccjs qum prmsmdeagrjd cg erueanaxaõd y qum cgdzghgd adsuctjs gc Um÷jr Imsùs. Ejd nrmeumdeag ms mva`mdtm qum cm trgtgkjs pjej kmijr qum mccjs y tgkpjej sjkjs kçs rmvmrmdtms ejd Ác. Ëdstgcms g mxgkadgr su ejrgzõd  y su cmdougim , y g husegr cg kasmraejr`ag y mc  pmr`õd `m @ajs. Mxbjrtg g cg ecgsm g ejdsa`mrgr mstm kgd`gkamdtj md udg njrkg dumvg, y g `migr qum kjc`mm `m dumvj su pmdsgkamdtj y su getatu` bgeag @ajs (ad`aeg qum, sa cjs iõvmdms ermymdtms sm ejdemdtrgrgd md eukpcar mstg cmy, vmrëgd qum ms udg orgd gyu`g pgrg jhsmrvgr tj`gs cgs `mkçs). ]tacazg cg `mserapeaõd qum Ugdtagoj bgem `mc pj`mr `m cg cmdoug, ejkpgrçd`jcg mc pmqum÷j takõd `m ud(orgd hgrej, j590 ejd en. Ugdtagoj udg pmqum÷g ccgkg qumejd mdeamd`m ud orgd hjsqum  ―  1) Nadgckmdtm, kumstrg g cjs da÷js eõkj pum`md gprmd`mr cg njrkg `m g`jrgr y gprmeagr g @ajs pjd`mrgd`j mc saodanaeg`j `m sus kuebjs djkhrms kgrgvaccjsjs qum sm djs `gd md cg Hahcag. Xmeuár`gcms qum mc Um÷jr Imsùs y mc Mspëratu Ugdtj tgkhaád sjd @ajs  iudtgkmdtm ejd mc Vg`rm. Mstm rmeahm kuebjs djkhrms9 Ermg`jr, @ajs mtmrdj, Um÷jr @ajs tj`jpj`mrjsj, mc Ugdtj, mc Xmy `m ocjrag,

cg Xjeg, Xm`mdtjr, Vgstjr, Um÷jr `m iustaeag, y @ajs `m gkjr y `m  pgz. Jtrjs kuebjs kuebjs sm gtrahu gtrahuymd ymd gc Um÷jr Imsùs, ejkj ejkj,, pjr mimkpcj9 mimkpcj9 Ugcvg`jr, Vrëdeapm `m pgz, Mkgdumc, Ujc `m iustaeag, ^mr`g`, ^a`g, y Gkaoj `m pmeg`jrms. Mstjs djkhrms djs prjpjreajdgd kuebgs 861  

njrkgs `m pmdsgr md mc gkjr, mc pj`mr y cjs egkadjs `m @ajs, sjhrm tj`j md su trgtj ejd gqumccjs qum cm gkgd. Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc  Mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc E^ 77 (p. 71=) prjpjdm bgemr naourgs `m `astadtgs njrkgs md cgs qum sm ejcjegrçd cjs tëtucjs `m cjs gpgrtg`js `m cg cmeeaõd `jd`m sm `mserahmd cjs `astadtjs tapjs `m hcgsnmkag. G`mkçs, prjpjreajdg9 (g) njtjs u jhimtjs qum mstád rmcgeajdg`js ejd mc getj `m `gr djkhrm (pjr mimkpcj, ud cahrj `m djkhrms erastagdjs pgrg ud rmeaád dgea`j, ud rmoastrj `m ecgsm, cg akgomd `m cg emrmkjdag `m hjtg`urg `m ud hgrej, udg castg `m cjs mcmetjrms cjegcms)< y (h) tgrimtgs ejd cjs djkhrms `m @ajs g cjs qum sm bgem rmnmrmdeag md cg cmeeaõd, akprmsjs `m kgdmrg ecgrg. GE]ÁX@GPM @MC @ËG @M XMVJUJ VGXG UGDPANAEGXCJ (7?8) (7? 8)  Áxj`j 8692 ― 77 77  –Geuár`gtm `mc `ëg `m rmpjsj pgrg sgdtanaegrcj sgdtanaegrcj.. Umas `ëgs trghgigrçs, y bgrçs tj`g tu jhrg< kgs mc sáptakj `ëg ms rmpjsj pgrg Imbjvç tu @ajs< dj bgogs md ác jhrg gcoudg, tù, da tu baij, da tu baig, da tu samrvj, samr vj, da tu erag`g, da tu hmstag, da tu mxtrgdimrj qum mstç `mdtrj `m tus  pumrtgs‛ (Áxj`j (Áxj`j 8692 ― 76). 76).  Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd  ]d mimkpcj.  Kumstrg g cjs da÷js ud `ahuij `m udg orgd tamd`g dõkg`g, bmebg prjhghcmkmdtm ejd pamcms `m gdakgcms, qum smrvëg `m bjogr g udg orgd ngkacag `m asrgmcatgs kamdtrgs vagighgd pjr mc `msamrtj. @mserahm eõkj tamd`g(`ms`m bghrëgcjs smrva`j `m kjrg`g vgrags omdmrgeajdms `m udgmsgngkacag hasghumcjs bgstg mcg ùctakj hmhm), iudtj ejd sus samrvjs y quazç sus advatg`js. Mxpcaeg mc trghgij y mc msnumrzj qum akpcaeghg kgdtmdmr g udg ngkacag tgd orgd`m y gcakmdtgrcg y eua`grcg md gqumccjs `ëgs (cjs da÷js kj`mrdjs `msejdjemd cg egdta`g` `m trghgij qum bghëg qum bgemr gdtms `m cg ccmog`g `m cg mcmetraea`g` y `m cjs gpgrgtjs qum vadamrjd ejd mccg). Bghëg qum rmejomr mc kgdç pjr cgs kg÷gdgs. kg÷gd gs. Bghëg qum ar g husegr

goug, ejeadgr cgs ejka`gs md mc numoj y kgdtmdmr cg tamd`g cakpag y md udgs humdgs ejd`aeajdms `m baoamdm. Ejd nrmeumdeag bghëg qum trgscg`gr tj`j mc egkpgkmdtj, `m kj`j qum bghëg qum `mskgdtmcgr 876  

cgs tamd`gs, trgdspjrtgrcgs y vjcvmrcgs g kjdtgr. Bgstg cjs da÷js  pmqum÷js gyu`ghgd md cg cghjr qum tmdëgd qum bgemr pgrg sjhrmvavar. sjhrmvavar. Cumoj, `mserahm mc sjrprmd`mdtm egkhaj qum jeurrëg mc sáptakj `ëg< `mspuás `mc mxemsj `m trghgij qum mnmetughgd md cg tgr`m `mc smxtj `ëg, ccmoghg cg quamtu` y cg trgdquaca`g` `mc `ëg `m rmpjsj. Msj së, sm jëg mc sjda`j `m cjs egdtjs ejdormogeajdgcms `m cjs asrgmcatgs, qum sm rmudëgd pgrg gcghgr g su @ajs. Mxpcaeg qum mstj sm bgeëg md jhm`amdeag gc eugrtj kgd`gkamdtj `mc Um÷jr9 –Geuár`gtm `mc `ëg `m rmpjsj pgrg sgdtanaegrcj‛. Cumoj rmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum mstg orgd cmy `m @ajs sm gpcaeg g tj`g cg Bukgda`g` y dj sjcj g cjs iu`ëjs `m cg Gdtaoóm`g`. @ms`m mc ejkamdzj `m cjs tamkpjs, mc Um÷jr adejrpjrõ mstm pradeapaj `mc `msegdsj gc pgtrõd `m su Ermgeaõd, `çd`jdjs mimkpcj Ác kaskj md mc sáptakj `ëg (en. Oádmsas 898). Cmm cjs vmrsëeucjs 1 ―  1 ― 77 77 `m Áxj`j 86. –¡Geuár`gtm!‛.  Eumdtg

g cjs da÷js cj qum cms jeurraõ g cjs asrgmcatgs qum –jcva`grjd‛ (qumramd`j j pjr `mseua`j) rmejomr udg `jhcm pjreaõd `m kgdç cg vëspmrg `mc `ëg `m rmpjsj. ¡Dj bgccgrjd dg`g! (en. Áxj`j 7>98?). Mstj djs mdsm÷g qum `mhmkjs gejr`grdjs `mc `ëg `m rmpjsj y bgemr ud msnumrzj ejdseamdtm pgrg jrogdazgr dumstrgs va`gs `m kgdmrg qum tmdogkjs tamkpj pgrg mc Um÷jr md su `ëg. Gsë ejkj cjs asrgmcatgs `mhëgd rmejomr mc `jhcm `m kgdç mc `ëg gdtms, y `mspuás, eugd`j ccmogrjd g cg Pamrrg Vrjkmta`g, tuvamrjd qum jrogdazgr mc bjrgraj `m sus ngmdgs gorëejcgs pgrg pj`mr `msegdsgr ud `ëg, djsjtrjs `mhmkjs pcgdanaegr dumstrj tamkpj tmdamd`j md eumdtg mc `jkadoj. Vjr mimkpcj, cjs da÷js `mhmd bgemr ud vmr`g`mrj msnumrzj pgrg bgemr sus `mhmrms md jtrjs kjkmdtjs. Gcoudjs erastagdjs ejd áxatj md cjs `mpjrtms sm bgd pjsaeajdg`j vgcamdtmkmdtmm pjr mc Um÷jr dmoçd`jsm g pgrtaeapgr md ejkpmtaeajdms vgcamdtmkmdt `mpjrtavgs md `jkadoj, udg pjsturg qum ejd nrmeumdeag bg gkmdgzg`j su áxatj. Advatg g cjs da÷js g bjdrgd y rmspmtgr mstm kgd`gkamdtj,

kjstrçd`jcms su sgha`urëg. Ms pjsahcm qum rmsuctm bukaccgdtm, pmrj cj eamrtj ms qum cjs smrms bukgdjs dj pum`md nudeajdgr g`meug`gkmdtm sad `msegdsgr y `jrkar g adtmrvgcjs rmoucgrms. ¡Wuá dmeaj smrëg `msgnagr `msgnag r mstg cmy dgturgc `g`g pjr @ajs! Vmrj, pjr mdeakg 877  

`m tj`j, mstm kgd`gkamdtj ms pgrg cg sgcu` `mc gckg9 cg va`g msparatugc. –Ougr`gr‛ \Md cg vmrsaõd `m cg gutjrg, –sgdtanaegrcj‛ –sgdtanaegrcj‛ sm trg`uem ejkj –ougr`grcj sgdtj‛[. Mstg pgcghrg ougr`gr  saodanaeg   saodanaeg prmsmrvgr,  prjtmomr. @mhmkjs smr narkms md eugdtj g prmsmrvgr prmsmrvgr mstm tamkpj  pgrg mc Um÷jr, pjrqum `m jtrj kj`j sm `msgtmd`mrëg. `msgtmd`mrëg. Ougr`gr mstm `ëg (y cg ejstukhrm `m gsastar ejd rmoucgra`g` g cg mseumcg `jkadaegc) satùg cg djrkg `m @ajs md mc emdtrj `m dumstrj prjorgkg smkgdgc. G kuebjs da÷js bjy sm cms bg mdsm÷g`j g ejdsa`mrgr mstm tapj `m `jkadoj ejkj gcoj pgsg`j `m kj`g. Xmeuár`gcms qum tj`g dumstrg va`g pmrtmdmem g @ajs, dumstrj Ermg`jr y Um÷jr. Vjr ejdsaouamdtm, dj `mhmrëgkjs rjhgrcm j `grcm `m kgcg ogdg mstm ùdaej `ëg `m eg`g samtm qum Ác rmsmrvg pgrg së. –Ugdtj‛.  Mxpcaeg qum mstg pgcghrg saodanaeg –gpgrtg`j‛ y ougr`g`j ejkj gcoj `astadtj `mc rmstj `m cjs `ëgs (quazç cjs da÷js tmdogd cahrj qumra`j jmspmeënaej). udg prmd`gMcqum ududcuogr mspmeagcud pgrg ud prjpõsatj `ëg ougr`gd `m rmpjsjmdmrg `ëg qum `mhëg ougr`grsm ejkj gcoj mspmeagc. Dj mrg ud sakpcm `ëg `m vgegeajdms, `m `msegdsj, sadj ud `ëg pjsatavgkmdtm `m`aeg`j gc Um÷jr. Um `mhëg rmsmrvgr pgrg gcoj kçs mspmeagc m akpjrtgdtm qum cgs jeupgeajdms `mc rmstj `m cjs `ëgs `m cg smkgdg. Md mc egsj `m qum mc pumhcj `m Asrgmc pmdsgrg qum @ajs mstghg samd`j pjej rgzjdghcm gc mxaoarcms su tamkpj, sm cms rmejr`õ qum9 (g) @ajs cjs bghëg ejdvmrta`j md su –mspmeagc tmsjrj sjhrm tj`js cjs pumhcjs‛ (Áxj`j 719=). (Áxj`j 719=). Ác cjs bghëg gpgrtg`j pgrg hmd`mearcjs `m kgdmrg mspmeagc gdtms `m pm`arcms qum gpgrtgrgd ud tamkpj pgrg Ác. Vmrj, md rmgca`g`, mstj sm gpcaeg g tj`gs cgs pmrsjdgs, qum dj bgd sa`j ermg`gs ejkj cjs gdakgcms, sadj ejkj smrms bukgdjs adtmcaomdtms, bmebjs g akgomd `m @ajs, y ejd udg kmdtm rgeajdgc y ud gckg mtmrdg. (h) @ajs cjs bghëg sgcvg`j `m cg msecgvatu` `m Moaptj. Cjs erastagdjs rmeumr`gd eõkj mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj cjs rm`akaõ ejd su

 prmeajsg sgdorm sgdorm y cjs cahmrõ `m cg msecgvatu` `mc `mc pmeg`j. (e) @ajs ms ud @ajs sgdtj, y su `msmj ms qum su pumhcj tgkhaád smg sgdtj. G kmdjs qum cjs ermymdtms `m`aqumd tamkpj g gprmd`mr gemreg `m @ajs y `m sus egkadjs, smrçd grrgstrg`js grrgst rg`js `m dumvj gc mstacj `m va`g adejrrmetj y `g÷adj `mc kud`j, qum jeupg udg prjpjreaõd 878  

tgd orgd`m `m su tamkpj. Vjr ejdsaouamdtm, ms vatgc `m`aegr ud `ëg g g`jrgr g @ajs y g gcakmdtgrdjs msparatugckmdtm. msparatugckmdtm. –Dj bgrçs md ác jhrg gcoudg‛.  Gyu`g g cjs da÷js g qum vmgd qum ms udg kgdanmstgeaõd `m cg hjd`g` `m @ajs mc bmebj `m qum tmdogkjs tj`js cg jpjrtuda`g` `m `msegdsgr, bgemr udg pgusg y `migr g ud cg`j cg kjdjtjdëg `m cg va`g (gc mxprmsgr mstj, cjs kgmstrjs `mhmrçd tmdmr smdsahaca`g` ejd mc bmebj `m qum pum`m qum cjs pg`rms `m gcoudj `m sus gcukdjs mstád `msmkpcmg`js, j sm vmgd jhcaog`js g trghgigr mc `jkadoj arrmkm`aghcmkmdtm). Md ud tamkpj md mc qum sm bgem tgdtj badegpaá sjhrm sjhrm cjs hmdmnaeajs `m cgs `amtgs y cjs mstacjs `m va`g sgcu`ghcms, pj`mkjs `mearcms qum cg Hahcag, ejd kuebjs saocjs `m vmdtgig sjhrm cg sjeam`g` md omdmrgc, mstghcmeaõ ud `ëg `m `msegdsj pgrg njrtgcmemr cg sgcu` nësaeg, kmdtgc y msparatugc `m cgs pmrsjdgs. Ad`aeg qum cjs g`uctjs qum prmnamrmd ejkmreagr, ejkprgr, gsastar g mvmdtjs `mpjrtavjs, mte. md vmz `m g`jrgr g @ajs y gprmd`mrKuebgs gemreg `m cjs gsudtjs msparatugcms sm mstçd husegd`j prjhcmkgs.  pmrsjdgs sm mdeumdtrgd adsgtasnmebgs y `mpraka`gs, `mpraka`gs, j `mpmd`md `m cgs `avmrsajdms, cg hmha`g y cgs `rjogs pgrg ccmdgr mc vgeëj qum cms ermg su va`g `m akpam`g`. Dg`g pum`m rmkpcgzgr cg dmemsa`g` tgd  prjnud`gkmdtm  prjnud` gkmdtm grrgaog`g grrgaog`g qum tmdmkjs cjs cjs smrms bukgdjs bukgdjs `m g`jrgr g`jrgr y gkgr g dumstrj orgd @ajs, y `m mdtmd`mr sus pcgdms y sus egkadjs. Umrvar g cjs `ajsms `mc `admrj, cgs pjsmsajdms j cjs cjorjs bukgdjs dj pum`m rmkpcgzgr gc Um÷jr. Adstg g cjs da÷js g qum vgcjrmd cg bjrg `m mseumcg y g qum dj pamr`gd g cg caomrg cg ejstukhrmy `m cggeu`ar g `jkadaegc mccg. Ejkádtgcms euçdtj gprmeags su gsastmdeag, rmeuár`gcms cj kuebj qum cm gorg`g gc Um÷jr qum eukpcgd ejd mccg. –Da tù, da tu baij, da tu baig, da tu samrvj, da tu erag`g,  da tu  hmstag, da tu mxtrgdimrj‛. mxtrgdimrj‛. Mxpcaeg cg hmccmzg `m mstm kgd`gkamdtj gc rmejdjemr g tj`gs cgs pmrsjdgs `mcgdtm `m @ajs. @mserahm eõkj, md cjs tamkpjs `m cg Gdtaoóm`g`, cg gkpcag kgyjrëg `m cgs pmrsjdgs `msmkpm÷ghgd tgrmgs `urgs y bukac`ms, adecua`js cjs da÷js. Cjs mxtrgdimrjs, md pgrtaeucgr, mrgd tjkg`js ejkj samrvjs y msecgvjs.

Vmrj md mc `ëg `m rmpjsj sm tmdëg g tj`js md ejdsa`mrgeaõd y sm cms ejdem`ëg ud rmemsj md mc trghgij. G cjs jijs `m @ajs, tj`js sjkjs aougcms. Mstj djs rmeumr`g qum cgs pmrsjdgs `m tj`gs cgs dgeajdgca`g`ms, dgeajdgc a`g`ms, `m tj`gs cgs m`g`ms, y `m tj`gs cgs –ecgsms‛ pum`md smr hmd`mea`gs pjr @ajs y pum`md husegr y mdejdtrgr gc Ugcvg`jr. 875  

ºWuá `mhmrëg bgemrsm md `jkadoj:  ]tacazg cg egig njrrg`g ejd  pgpmc `m rmogcj qum sm prjpjdm prjpjdm ejkj ejkpcmkmdtj ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc y ejkmdtg cjs tëtucjs `m cjs gpgrtg`js saouamdtms gpcaeçd`jcjs g`meug`gkmdtm smoùd cg m`g` `m tu orupj. (7) ¡Vgrg y km`atg md cgs ejsgs mcmvg`gs y sgdtgs!  Ejkmdtg g cg ecgsm mc ngkjsj mpatgnaj qum sm adserahaõ sjhrm cg cçpa`g `m ud bjkhrm bgem kuebjs g÷js9 –Dgeaõ bjkhrm y kuraõ tmd`mrj‛. @mserahm cg tmdtgeaõd tmdtge aõd qum pu`j tmdmr mc `um÷j `m udg pmqum÷g tamd`g `m trghgigr tj`g su va`g md su tamd`g y md tjrdj g mccg. Ms pjsahcm qum dj sm numsm dudeg `m vgegeajdms j qum dj sm tjkgsm da ud sjcj `ëg cahrm. Wuazç numrg tgeg÷j j gvgrj, y mstj cm akpa`amrg `migr su dmojeaj da pjr ud kjkmdtj. ¡Wuá va`g tgd egrmdtm `m smdta`j! ¡Mc bjkhrm gc qum sm pusj msm mpatgnaj egsa bghëg `mig`j `m smr udg  pmrsjdg! Uad mkhgroj, mkhgroj, `m gcoudg kgdmrg, sjkjs ejkj msm tmd`mrj sa `msmstakgkjs mc pradeapaj `mc `ëg `m rmpjsj. Kumstrg cjs da÷js sjd vavgs. gcoj kçs qum egrdm sgdorm. cms Mc Um÷jr cjs bgg ermg`j ejdqum gckgs Gc `grcms ud `ëgy gpgrtm,  prjpjreajdg  prjpjreaj dg udg jpjrtuda`g` jpjrtuda`g` `m pgrgr y km`atgr md cgs orgd`ms  prmoudtgs `m cg va`g. º@m `õd`m vmdoj: vmdoj: ºWuá ms cg va`g: ºWuá km jeurrarç g kë y g gqumccjs g cjs qum gkj eugd`j kurgkjs: ºEõkj  pum`j mdejdtrgr g @ajs y ejdjemrcm: ejdjemrcm: ºEõkj ºEõkj ms ms Ác: ºEuçcms sjd sus  pcgdms pgrg mc kud`j kud`j y pgrg mc mc nuturj: Mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj mdsm÷õ qum bghëg prmoudtgs qum bgemr kçs akpjrtgdtms qum cg `m9 ºWuá bmkjs `m ejkmr: ºWuá bmkjs `m  hmhmr: ºWuá bmkjs `m vmstar: vmstar: (en. Kgtmj >98=). (8) G`jrg g @ajs. Gsmourg g cjs da÷js qum mc `ëg `m rmpjsj (qum gbjr g sm ccgkg –`ëg `mc Um÷jr‛ y qum sm ougr`g mc prakmr `ëg `m cg smkgdg pjrqum mc Ugcvg`jr rmsueatõ `m cjs kumrtjs md msm `ëg)  prmtmd`ëg smr udg jegsaõd nmcaz y ojzjsg md cg qum tj`js pj`ëgd rmudarsm pgrg gcghgr g su orgd Ermg`jr y km`atgr md Ác. Mstm ms dumstrj prjpõsatj pradeapgc ejkj pumhcj ermg`j pgrg gkgrcm y `asnrutgr `m Ác pgrg samkprm. ¡Wuá tmkg tgd gkpcaj! ¡Wuá mimreaeaj

tgd m`anaegdtm! (5) Mseuebg su kmdsgim `m pmr`õd. Cj kmijr `m tj`j, gc gsastar g cg egsg `mc Um÷jr, ms cg jpjrtuda`g` qum tmdmkjs `m mseuebgr gemreg `mc gkjr sgcvg`jr `m @ajs. Ejkpgrg g cjs qum sm damogd g vmdar ejd ud prmsj qum `aem qum mstç `mkgsag`j `mkgs ag`j jeupg`j ejkj pgrg 870  

cmmr cg egrtg qum cm gdudeag mc pmr`õd. Xmeumr`g g cjs da÷js cg kgrgvaccg `mc kmdsgim `mc Mvgdomcaj9 qum mc Um÷jr bg prjvastj udg njrkg pgrg qum cjs pmeg`jrms pum`gd smr pmr`jdg`js y rmstgurg`js, gc vmdar Ác kaskj g ccmvgr mc egstaoj `m su pmeg`j. Xmeuár`gcms tgkhaád qum mstm kmdsgim ms mxecusavj `m cg Hahcag. Dadoudg jtrg rmcaoaõd gdudeag orgeag, mc ngvjr `m @ajs qum sm jtjrog cahrmkmdtm g cjs qum rmejdjemd ejd bukac`g` qum dj cj kmrmemd y qum dj  pum`md ogdgrcj. ogdgrcj. @mserahm mc `ëg `m rmpjsj md qum mc Um÷jr Imsùs num g cg sadgojog md Dgzgrmt y, `mspuás `m bghmr cmë`j mc pgsgim `m cgs Mseraturgs md Asgëgs >7, `aij qum sm bghëg eukpca`j. @a g cg ecgsm qum mc Ugcvg`jr mstghg saouamd`j cg prçetaeg djrkgc `mc `ëg `m rmpjsj9 cmmr cg Hahcag, y cumoj mxpcaegrcg y gpcaegrcg g cjs ejdormog`js. Cjs erastagdjs saouamrjd su mimkpcj `ms`m cjs prakmrjs `ëgs `m cg Aocmsag ( en.  Bmebjs 869?< 7 Ejradtajs 7>98), y djsjtrjs `mhmkjs bgemr cj kaskj. @mhmkjs cmmr cg Hahcag, pmrj `mhmkjs mseuebgrcg tgkhaád tgc y ejkj djs cg prmsmdtgd y mdsm÷gd dumstrjs pgstjrms y kgmstrjs. Mc `ëg `mc Um÷jr djs prjpjreajdg cg jpjrtuda`g` `m bgemrcj ejd rmoucgra`g`. (0) Pmstanaeg g jtrjs. Ejkmdtg g cjs da÷js cg prjnud`g akprmsaõd qum egusghgd cjs asrgmcatgs md cjs pumhcjs vmeadjs, eugd`j sus getava`g`ms `m mdtrm smkgdg `ghgd pgsj g cg pgz y cg quamtu` `mc `ëg `m rmpjsj. Jhsmrvgr mstm `ëg mrg gcoj qum cjs sm÷gcghg ejkj pumhcj `m @ajs. @m kgdmrg sakacgr, cjs erastagdjs prmsmdtgd bjy ud rmtj gc kud`j qum cms rj`mg sm rmtargd `mc ejkmreaj, cgs ejkprgs, mc mdtrmtmdakamdtj y cgseugd`j getava`g`ms `mpjrtavgs pgrg mdejdtrgrsm ejd @ajs y g`jrgrcm. Cjs da÷js y cgs da÷gs erastagdjs tamdmd tgkhaád mstg jpjrtuda`g` `m kjstrgr g sus ngkacagrms y gkaojs, pjr su `msmj `m gsastar g cg mseumcg `jkadaegc, qum rmprmsmdtgd gc Um÷jr. Ejd nrmeumdeag sm dmemsatg dmemsa tg vgcjr pgrg rmprmsmdtgr gc Um÷jr, y ssuu `ëg ms ud tamkpj pgrg mxpmrakmdtgr su gyu`g y su njrtgcmzg, y pgrg rmudarsm ejd su pumhcj. Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 

Mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc E^ 77 (p. 71=) prjpjdm utacazgr udg egig njrrg`g ejd pgpmc `m rmogcj md cg qum sm ejcjegrçd cjs `astadtjs tëtucjs `m cjs gpgrtg`js `m cg cmeeaõd. Vrjpjreajdg tgkhaád cg 87=  

akgomd `m ud egkpgkmdtj asrgmcatg (en.  E^ >, pp. 788 ― 785, 785, `m Mdsm÷gdzgs pgrg tj`g cg va`g 8). BJDXG G P] VG@XM Q G P] KG@XM (7?5)  Áxj`j 86978< Ejcjsmdsms 5986< Mnmsajs >97 ― 5  –Bjdrg g tu pg`rm y g tu kg`rm, pgrg qum tus `ëgs sm gcgroumd md cg tamrrg qum Imbjvç Imbjvç tu @ajs tm `g‛ (Áxj`j 86978). –Vgrg qum smgd  prjcjdog`  prjcjdog`js js tustm`ëgs, y pgrg qum tm vgyg Imbjvç tu @ajs `g‛ (@mutmrjdjkaj =97>).hamd =97>).    sjhrm cg tamrrg qum  Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd  Mkpamzg cg cmeeaõd bgeamd`j eugtrj ejkmdtgrajs sakpcms, pmrj adtmrmsgdtms, pgrg mstakucgr cg eurajsa`g` `m cjs da÷js pjr ejkprmd`mr `m kgdmrg kçs prjnud`g mstm kgd`gkamdtj9 (g) Uu akpjrtgdeag pgrg cjs da÷js. Bgz badegpaá md qum, gudqum mstm kgd`gkamdtj sm gpcaeg g tj`js, ms mva`mdtm qum ms mspmeagckmdtm gprjpag`j da÷js. Gudqum mc prmsmdtm saocj kumstrg tgd pjej adtmráspgrg pjrcjscjs iõvmdms j pjr mdtmd`mrcms, rmejr`gkjs qum mc Um÷jr tamdm ud cuogr akpjrtgdtm pgrg mccjs md sus  pcgdms. Dudeg Dudeg pgsg pjr gctj g cg omdmrgeaõd omdmrgeaõd qum qum mstç suroamd`j y `g orgd akpjrtgdeag g su m`uegeaõd y njrkgeaõd. (h) Uu prmsmdtgeaõd pjsatavg.  Cg kgyjrëg `m cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs djs `aemd cj qum dj `mhmrëgkjs bgemr. Gquë sm djs `aem, md pjsatavj, cj qum `mhmrëgkjs bgemr. (e) Cg prjkmsg qum sm adecuym md ác. Mc pumhcj `m Asrgmc, rmuda`j gc pam `mc kjdtm Uadgë, rmeahaõ cg smoura`g` `m qum, sa jhm`meëgd mstm kgd`gkamdtj, mstj cms ejd`uearëg g udg va`g cgrog y prõspmrg md cg tamrrg g cg qum ahgd. @mhmkjs sm÷gcgr qum mstg prjkmsg sm bazj gc  pumhcj md su tjtgca`g` . Uaodanaeghg qum, sa cg omdmrgeaõd kçs ijvmd gprmd`ëg hamd `m sus pg`rms, dj sm rmhmcghg y ougr`ghg cgs ejstukhrms gerasjcg`gs, mdtjdems cg dgeaõd sjhrmvavarëg ejd tj`g smoura`g` y mstghaca`g` md cg tamrrg qum mc Um÷jr cms ahg g `gr. Cjs kgmstrjs pum`md ad`aegr qum mstg nõrkucg saoum samd`j

vmr`g` >97 ― 5). 5gdtmrajr ). Cgs sjeam`g`ms qum rmspmtgd cjs pg`rms j g cg(en. Mnmsajs omdmrgeaõd (qum rmprmsmdtg mc g gerasjcg`j ejdjeakamdtj y sgha`urëg `mc pgsg`j) sjhrmvavarçd y tmd`rçd kçs E^ Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 87>  

áxatj qum gqumccgs md cgs qum udg dumvg omdmrgeaõd jrouccjsg bgyg mxpmrakmdtg`j, sad rmncmxajdgr, ejd mstacjs `m va`g dumvjs qum dj tamdmd prmem`mdtms md cg Bastjrag. Bgemr egsj jkasj y hurcgrsm `mc ejdsmij `m cg Bastjrag y `m cg mxpmramdeag ms, pjr cj omdmrgc, `msgstrjsj. ^avakjs md ud tamkpj md mc qum cjs pradeapajs `m cg kjrgca`g` y mc jr`md ngkacagr, bjdrg`js `urgdtm tgdtj tamkpj, sm mstçd grrjigd`j pjr cg hjr`g y sm mstçd rmkpcgzgd`j pjr a`mgs qum dj sm sghm quá nrutjs vgd gmstç `gr. jeurramd`j Mc rmsuctg`j`mcgdtm ms yg `jcjr y `msjr`md. Mc ejcgpsj `m cg sjeam`g` `m dumstrjs jijs (cjs kgmstrjs `mhmrëgd pjdmr ejkj mimkpcj cjs egkhajs jeurra`js md cjs ùctakjs trmadtg g÷js). Ccmog`js g mstm pudtj sm pj`rëg mdsm÷gr g cjs da÷js udg acustrgeaõd `m ud ijvmd grrjogdtm qum egkadg kargd`j bgeag grrahg sad `grsm eumdtg `m qum mstç g pudtj `m egmr  pjr ud msegrpg`j msegrpg`j prmeapaeaj, kamdtrgs sgcmd `m `m su hjeg cgs pgcghrgs9 pgcghrgs9 –¡Dj km `aogs `õd`m tmdoj qum ar!‛.  ar!‛.   (`) Uu dgturgcmzg `m cgroj gcegdem.  @a g cjs da÷js qum cjs tárkadjs –pg`rm y kg`rm‛, md mc tamkpj `m cg Hahcag, dj sjcj sm rmnmrëgd g cjs pg`rms pg`rms catmrgcms. Vjr mimkpcj, –pg`rm‛ adecuëg g cjs  pg`rms `m cg dgeaõd (ojhmrdgdtms), (ojhmrdgdtms), cjs gdtmpgsg`js gdtmpgsg`js (omdmrgeaj (omdmrgeajdms dms gdtmrajrms) y cjs Vg`rms `m cg Aocmsag (cë`mrms msparatugcms). @msgrrjccg mstjs ejkmdtgrajs bgeamd`j usj `m cgs saouamdtms egtmojrëgs `m –pg`rms‛9  –pg`rms‛9  (7) Gutjra`g`ms cmoëtakgs.  Va`m g cjs da÷js qum vumcvgd g akgoadgrsm mc orgd egkpgkmdtj `m cjs asrgmcatgs gc pam `mc kjdtm Mdsm÷gdzgs pgrg tj`g`mcgasrgmcatgs va`gatgs 8 ). Uadgë (en.bghrëgd  E^. >,pj`a`j pp. 788sjhrmvavar  ― 785, 785, `m cjs ºEõkj kçs `m 8 kaccjdms asrgmc `urgdtm mc tamkpj qum pgsgrjd md mc `msamrtj, `msa mrtj, j eõkj bghrëgd pj`a`j ejdquastgr cg Pamrrg Vrjkmta`g, j eõkj bghrëgd smoua`j vavamd`j nmcaems md mccg, sa eg`g udj sm buhamrg advmdtg`j sus prjpags rmocgs: Uupõd qum eg`g udj buhamrg bmebj cj qum cm gpmtmeamrg. Md vmz `m ejkprgr, kuebjs bghrëgd bghrëg d rjhg`j. Md vmz `m `mdudeagr ud erakmd gc  iumz j gc kgoastrg`j ejkpmtmdtm, kuebjs bghrëgd tjkg`j rmprmsgcags ejd vajcmdeag. Vrjdtj cg dgeaõd sm bghrëg `msadtmorg`j.

Ejd mc nad `m qum cg va`g numrg iustg y ejrrmetg, pgeënaeg y smourg  pgrg tj`js, mrg akpjrtgdtm qum eg`g omdmrgeaõd rmspmtgrg cgs cmyms y cgs djrkgs qum su sjeam`g` bghëg mstghcmea`j smoùd cjs E^ Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 87?  

kgd`gkamdtjs `m @ajs (cg omdmrgeaõd gdtmrajr bghëg mxpmrakmdtg`j mxpmrakmdt g`j mc `jcjr y cg pjhrmzg `m cg msecgvatu`, y bghëg gprmd`a`j kuebj `mc tamkpj qum bghëg pgsg`j md Moaptj, y pj`ëg trgdskatarcj). Md jtrgs pgcghrgs, mc –pg`rm‛ y cg –kg`rm‛ `m mstm kgd`gkamdtj rmprmsmdtgd mc rmspmtj bgeag cgs djrkgs `m @ajs rmcgeajdg`gs ejd cg cmy y mc jr`md. @ajs djs mstç `aeamd`j g eg`g udj9 –@mhms bjdrgr y  prjkjvmr  prjkjv mr mc humd jr`md, y ejcghjrgr bukac`mkmdtm, bukac`mkmdtm, ejd `aspjsaeaõd y prjdtatu`, ejd cgs rmocgs y cmyms `m tu sjeam`g`‛, pjr mimkpcj9 cg dgeaõd, mc bjogr, cg mseumcg. Bjdrgr g pg`rm y kg`rm saodanaeg, md prakmr cuogr, rmspmtgr y smouar mc mstacj `m va`g trg`aeajdgc (y hëhcaej) qum dumstrjs kgyjrms bgd ccmog`j g ejdsa`mrgr ejrrmetj. Uaodanaeg tgkhaád rmejdjemr qum dj tmdmkjs mxpmramdeag, y qum bmkjs `m gprmd`mr. Mc Um÷jr Imsùs adstruyõ g sus `aseëpucjs `aeaád`jcms qum `mhëgd jhm`memr g cgs gutjra`g`ms cmoëtakgs y pgogr sus akpumstjs ( en. Kgtmj 88987). Mc gpõstjc Vm`rj g`vartaõ g cjsy prakmrjs cg kgc`g` yg cg trgdsormsaõd `m cg Cmy, cms kgd`õerastagdjs jrgr pjr ejdtrg sus ojhmrdgdtms, quamdms @ajs bghëg ejdem`a`j mc pj`mr `m egstaogr g cjs qum bgeëgd mc kgc (en.  7 Vm`rj 8970). Cjs ojhamrdjs `mhmd smr `msgnag`js ùdaegkmdtm eugd`j adstgd g cjs eau`g`gdjs g qumhrgdtgr cg Cmy `m @ajs (en. Bmebjs 0971). Gpcaeg mstm pradeapaj g cjs da÷js `m tu ecgsm. Cjs erastagdjs, pjr mimkpcj, dj `mhmrëgd mstgr mdtrm cjs da÷js qum bgemd djvaccjs md cg mseumcg. @mhmrëgd mstgr mdtrm cjs qum sjd kçs trghgig`jrms y cjs qum sm pjrtgd gkghcm y bjdrg`gkmdtm `jd`mquamrg qum mstád. `jd`mquamrg (8) Kgmstrjs pag`jsjs.  G cjs da÷js asrgmcatgs, sus pg`rms, sus kgmstrjs y cjs gdeagdjs cms mdsm÷ghgd kuebgs bghaca`g`ms  prçetaegs. Mdtrm mstgs, mstghgd ejeadgr, bgemr tamd`gs, kgdtmdmr udgs ejd`aeajdms `m baoamdm (cj eugc mrg kuy akpjrtgdtm md su adkmdsj egkpgkmdtj md mc `msamrtj) y, kçs tgr`m, g jeupgrsm `m cg goraeucturg y `m `astadtjs ejkmreajs. Cg omdmrgeaõd kçs ijvmd sm bghrëg mdejdtrg`j md orgd `msvmdtgig sa dj buhamrg gprmeag`j y gprmd`a`j mstgs cmeeajdms. Uu áxatj j su nrgegsj nuturjs `mpmd`ëgd

`m cg km`a`g md qum mseuebgrgd y gprmd`amrgd. Uus pgstjrms y sus  pg`rms tgkhaád cms adstruëgd md cgs eumstajdms msparatugcms, mdsm÷çd`jcms cjs kgd`gkamdtjs `m @ajs y su hjd`g` bgeag mccjs ejkj dgeaõd. 872  

–Bjdrg g tu pg`rm y g tu kg`rm‛  saodanaeg

qum `mhmrëgkjs gprmeagr, y tgkhaád rmejr`gr, cgs ejsgs qum sm djs mdsm÷gd, yg smg md egsg, md cg mseumcg j md eugcquamr jtrj cuogr. Cg orgtatu` djs kgdtamdm bukac`ms. Cg ejka`g, cg rjpg, mc gkjr, cjs kjkmdtjs  pcgemdtmrjs, cg m`uegeaõd  ‐ quazç quazç bgstg davmc udavmrsatgraj ‐ 9 md dumstrg sjeam`g` ms cg omdmrgeaõd pgrmdtgc quamd bg vmda`j  prjpjreajdgd`j  prjpjreaj dgd`j tj`gs mstgs ejsgs. Vrjdtj tmd`rmkjs qum tjkgr su cuogr. G kmdjs qum bjdrmkjs (gprmeamkjs y gtmd`gkjs) g cjs qum djs bgd mdsm÷g`j, tmd`rmkjs pjej qum trgdskatar g cg saouamdtm omdmrgeaõd. –Bjdrgr‛ adecuym gprmd`mr. Cjs jrouccjsjs dj quamrmd mseuebgr< da cjs rmhmc`ms, da cjs dmeajs. @ajs `aem9 –Mseuebg cg sgha`urëg qum mxastaõ gdtms qum tù‛.  tù‛.  Bjy, kuebjs bghcgd ejd `msprmeaj `m cg Hahcag y `m sus  pradeapajs. Mxpmrakmdtgd Mxpmrakmdtgd ejd udg dumvg njrkg `m va`g (bgd rmmseratj kjrgcms), y tgd prjdtj cg  ‐  prumhgd, sm vmd bud`a`js bu d`a`jscjs md vgcjrms cjs prjhcmkgs. –¡Mseuebg! ‐ `aem `ejkj aem @ajs . Dj mrms tgd  hraccgdtm ejkj pgrg dj tmdmr pjr quá bgemr egsj `m cjs ejdsmijs `m cg mxpmramdeag `m cjs `mkçs m advmdtgr ud dumvj mstacj `m va`g‛.  va`g‛.   Kuebgs omdmrgeajdms (`ms`m cjs tamkpjs kmijrms y kçs nmcaems `m cg Bastjrag) bgd mseuebg`j g cjs kgmstrjs `m cg Gdtaoóm`g`, euygs mxpmramdeags md mc Um÷jr mstçd rmejoa`gs md cg Hahcag. Ua djs dmogkjs g mseuebgr y g smouar sus ejdsmijs, smrmkjs ejkj udg  pmrsjdg qum sm `msbgem `msbgem `m ud eug`rj `m su ``msvçd msvçd pjrqum mmss vamij, y cumoj `mseuhrm qum vgcëg kaccjdms. (5) Vg`rms. Uad `u`g, cjs da÷js asrgmcatgs sm smdtëgd jrouccjsjs jrouccjsjs `m  pmrtmdmemr g su dgeaõd, ejd su bastjrag tgd mspmeagc, sus djrkgs y sus ejstukhrms. Vmrj, gc nadgc `mc `ëg, mrg kuebj kçs akpjrtgdtm  pgrg mccjs vjcvmr g su prjpag tamd`g ngkacagr, `jd`m rmeaharëgd udg ejka`g egcamdtm, udg egkg md cg qum `jrkar y, cj kmijr `m tj`j, mc gkjr y cjs eua`g`js `m sus pg`rms. Cg ngkacag ms udj `m cjs kçs orgd`ms rmogcjs `m @ajs g cg Bukgda`g`.

Ejkj baijs, mc Um÷jr –\jh(Mnmsajs –\jhm`memr[ m`memr[ md mc Mccjs Um÷jr smg \dumstrjs[ pg`rms, pjrqumdjs mstjjr`mdg ms iustj‛ >97). kmrmemd dumstrj rmspmtj pjr tj`j cj qum bgemd pjr djsjtrjs y  pjrqum `mhmrëgd rmprmsmdtgr cjs vgcjrms y cjs pradeapajs akpjrtgdtms akpjrtgdtms qum kgdtamdmd g cg sjeam`g` uda`g, gsë ejkj mc emkmdtj kgdtamdm 871  

uda`js cjs cg`raccjs `mc kurj `m udg egsg. Cjs pg`rms y cjs ghumcjs adstgd g cjs da÷js g pjrtgrsm hamd, g mstu`agr kuebj, g smr sademrjs, y g kjstrgr hjd`g` y ejrtmsëg. Cms mstakucgd g ermemr y mimremr ud jnaeaj j udg egrrmrg prjnmsajdgc, g husegr ud kgtrakjdaj nmcaz y mstghcm, g prmjeupgrsm pjr sus baijs y smr cmgcms g su ngkacag. G`vamrtmd g cjs da÷js qum mvatmd cgs ejkpg÷ëgs qum pum`gd ejd`uearcms g cg prjkaseua`g`, gc ejdsukj `m `rjogs, g cgs  hjrrgebmr  hjrrgebmrgs, g cg `mcadeumdeag, `mcadeumdeag, mte. Cg Hahcag djs mxbjrtg g smouar sus sghajsgs, ejdsmijs. ^avakjs `ëgs md cjs qum kuebjs pg`rms y kg`rms dj bgd smoua`j cgs adstrueeajdms qum g mccjs cms `amrjd g su vmz sus prjpajs pg`rms y kg`rms. Gcoudjs bgd geghg`j cgkmdtçd`jcj, y gbjrg djs adstgd g gprmd`mr `m su gkgrog mxpmramdeag. Mc kgd`gkamdtj dj djs `aem qum akatmkjs cjs egkadjs `m cjs g`uctjs qum bgd `mig`j cg smd`g ejrrmetg. @g pjr smdtg`j smdtg `j qum cg kgyjrëg `m cjs pg`rms bgd gprmd`a`j g gprmeagr qum udg ngkacag mstghcm y udg va`g rmspmtujsg ejd cg cmy ms cj kmijr pgrg sus baijs. Mxbjrtg g cjs da÷js g qum trgtmd g sus pg`rms j tutjrms ejd mc gkjr y cg bjdrg qum kmrmemd. Mc `msegrj y cg orjsmrëg dudeg sjd gprjpag`js. Bgstg md cjs kjkmdtjs md qum cjs pg`rms sm ejkpjrtmd kgc (ejkj bgemd cg kgyjrëg gc kmdjs gcoudg vmz) smouakjs `mhaád`jcms rmspmtj. Gsmourg g cg ecgsm qum cjs pg`rms tgkhaád mstçd hgij cg adstrueeaõd `mc Um÷jr (en. Ejcjsmdsms 5987< Mnmsajs >90). Xmeuár`gcms qum Imsuerastj, eugd`j mrg da÷j, gudqum mrg mc Um÷jr, bjdrõ g sus pg`rms y sm suimtõ g mccjs (en. Cuegs 89=7). ]d mxpmrakmdtj `msgstrjsj. Ejkmdtg g cg ecgsm qum cg Hahcag  prm`aem qum, eugd`j cjs bjkhrms sm gcmigd `m cg nm md @ajs, mdtrm jtrgs ejsgs, sm vumcvmd –sjhmrhaj –sjhmrhajs, s, gctavjs, \…[ `msjhm`amdtms `msjhm`amdtms g cjs  pg`rms‛ (Xjkgdjs 7956). Xmeumr`g Xmeumr`g  g cg ecgsm qum vavakjs md ud kud`j gtmj md mc qum cgs pmrsjdgs kmdjsprmeagd g @ajs y sus cmyms, md pgrtaeucgr mstm quadtj kgd`gkamdtj. Ejd nrmeumdeag sm adeatg g cjs da÷js y g cjs iõvmdms `m bjy g pgsgr pjr gctj j `msmebgr mc ejdsmij `m cjs qum tamdmd gutjra`g`, gutjra`g`, y g `mear –ºWuá quamrj bgemr

 yj: ºWuá km prj`uem pcgemr g kë :‛. :‛. Cg ejd`uetg `m cjs pmrsjdgims `m naeeaõd qum vmd md cg tmcmvasaõd ms cj qum cms ad`uem g `migr `m cg`j cgs g`vmrtmdeags y cjs ejdsmijs `m cjs pg`rms y `m cjs kgmstrjs.

886  

Vrmoudtg g cjs da÷js sa mstm mxpmrakmdtj sjeagc bg tmda`j áxatj. G`vaártmcms qum dj sjcj bg gegrrmg`j mc `msgstrm, cg trgom`ag, y ud sunrakamdtj ad`meahcm g kuebgs va`gs, sadj qum tgkhaád cms gegrrmgrç cg ejd`mdg `m @ajs mc `ëg md qum iuzoum g tj`gs cgs  pmrsjdgs y cms pa`g eumdtgs pjr bghmr pasjtmg`j vjcudtgragkmdtm vjcudtgragkmdtm sus ecgrjs m adejdnud`ahcms kgd`gkamdtjs (sa ms dmemsgraj, sjca`grëzgtm ejd cjs da÷js qum adnjrkmd `m qum sus kgmstrjs `m mseumcg mstçd g cg vgdougr`ag `mc ráoakmd akpëj getugc. Ëdstgcms g ejkpjrtgrsm ejd ejrtmsëg bgeag mccjs, pmrj g trgtgr sus jpadajdms ejd prjnud`g  pru`mdeag sa ejdtrg`aemd cg ecgrg mdsm÷g mdsm÷gdzg dzg `m cg Vgcghrg Vgcghrg `m @ajs). Cgs kastmrajsgs rmocgs `m @ajs. Eamrrg cg cmeeaõd rmejr`gd`j g cg ecgsm qum cjs egkadjs `m @ajs sjd kçs gctjs qum cjs dumstrjs (en.  Asgëgs ==91). Djsjtrjs, md mstm kud`j, pmdsgkjs qum `mhmkjs cuebgr pjr dumstrjs  `mrmebjs, eua`gr `m djsjtrjs kaskjs, y gdtmpjdmr dumstrgs dmemsa`g`ms, dmemsa `g`ms, j dj ccmogrmkjs g dadoudg pgrtm. Mc áxatj `mpmd`m `m qum djs vgcjrmkjs g djsjtrjs kaskjs. Ejd @ajs ms kçs hamd cj ejdtrgraj. (7) Mxgctõ gc Um÷jr Imsuerastj bgstg cj sukj pjrqum mstuvj `aspumstj g bukaccgrsm, bgeaád`jsm jhm`amdtm bgstg cg kumrtm, y kumrtm `m eruz (en. Nacapmdsms 89= ― 77). 77). (8) Kgrëg, cg kg`rm `m Imsùs, gcghõ g @ajs pjrqum –quatõ `m cjs trjdjs g cjs pj`mrjsjs, y mxgctõ g cjs bukac`ms‛ (Cuegs 79=8).  79=8).   (5) Mc Um÷jr Imsùs prjkmtaõ qum, md su rmadj, mc –qum ms kçs  pmqum÷j mdtrm tj`js tj`js \djsjtrjs[, \djsjtrjs[, msm ms mc kçs kçs orgd`m‛ orgd`m‛ (Cuegs (Cuegs 1902). 1902). Pgkhaád `aij qum –cjs kgdsjs \…[ \rmeaharëgd[ cg tamrrg pjr bmrm`g`‛ (Kgtmj (Kgtmj =9=). (0) Vm`rj mserahaõ9 –Bukaccgjs, pums, hgij cg pj`mrjsg kgdj `m @ajs, pgrg qum ác js mxgctm eugd`j numrm tamkpj‛ (7 Vm`rj =9>).  =9>).  Adstg g cjs da÷js `m tu ecgsm g vgcjrgr mc quadtj kgd`gkamdtj,  pjrqum, sa sm grrmpamdtmd `m su pmeg`j y sm mdtrmogd g Erastj, mstj cms gyu`grç g smr pmrsjdgs bukac`ms, pru`mdtms y sghags, y cms

ejd`uearç g smr vmr`g`mrgkmdtm vgcajsjs g cj cgroj `m su va`g. Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc  Mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc E^ 77 (p. 71=) prjpjdm utacazgr cg sacumtg sa cumtg `m ud çrhjc md mc qum kjstrgrmkjs cjs `astadtjs orupjs qum sm djs mdsm÷g g bjdrgr. G`mkçs, prjpjreajdg cg akgomd `m ud ijvmd 887  

egkadgd`j bgeag ud prmeapaeaj (ejkj sm prjpjdm md mc pudtj e). Gsakaskj, akçomdms `m da÷js gprmd`amd`j `m sus pg`rms md mc egkpj y gcrm`m`jr `m cg tamd`g ngkacagr md cjs `ëgs `mc Gdtaouj Pmstgkmdtj, y `m da÷js rmeahamd`j bjy m`uegeaõd md cg mseumcg j md adstatutj. Um pum`md utacazgr tatucgrms `m pmraõ`aejs qum sm rmnamrgd g trgom`ags kj`mrdgs pgrg mimkpcanaegr mc `msgstrm qum rmsuctg `m  pgsgr pjr gctj mstg cmy `m @ajs. DJ KGPGXÇU (7?0)  Áxj`j 86975< vágsm tgkhaád Kgtmj =987 ― 88< 88< Oçcgtgs =971 ― 87< 87< Mnmsajs 0957 ―  58   Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd 

Ejkmdtg9 (7) cg sakpcaea`g` y cg smdeaccmz `m cgs cmyms `m @ajs md ejkpgrgeaõd ejd cg ejkpcmia`g` `m cgs djrkgs y rmocgs bmebgs pjr cjs bjkhrms. Mstm kgd`gkamdtj sm ejkprmd`m adkm`agtgkmdtm< gud cjs kçs iõvmdms cj mdtamd`md< (8) @m tj`js cjs kgd`gkamdtjs, mstm ms mc qum cg kgyjrëg `m cgs va`gs. pmrsjdgs ejrrmetj, md dj pgrtm  pjrqum vgcjrgd sus prjpags Uadejdsa`mrgd `u`g, tgkhaád pjrqum ms kuy prjhghcm qum cg kgyjrëg `m mccjs cj vgygd g qumhrgdtgr (j, gc kmdjs, msj ms cj qum sumcmd pmdsgr). ¡Wuá bapõeratg ms mc smr bukgdj! Eugd`j vm qum bg eukpca`j udg cmy, ¡ejd quá jrouccj gdudeag qum mstç `m geumr`j ejd mccg! Eugd`j jtrg cmy cm ejd`mdg  pjr bghmrcg trgdsorm`a`j, trgdsorm`a`j, prjtmstg ejdtrg ejdtrg mccg. ºAdjemdtm:  Vrmoudtg g tus gcukdjs sa sm samdtmd egpgems `m nmcaeatgrsm pjr bghmr ougr`g`j mstg cmy `m @ajs. Cumoj, kuástrgcms qum mdeamrrg kçs `m cj qum pgrmem g prakmrg vastg. Mc `jd `m cg va`g. Kumstrg `js jhimtjs g cg ecgsm, udj bmebj pjr mc bjkhrm (pjr mimkpcj, ud rmcji, j ud g`jrdj) y jtrj bmebj pjr @ajs, gcoj vavj (pjr mimkpcj, mimkpc j, udg ncjr, j udg nrutg). Cumoj prmoudtg euçc ms cg `anmrmdeag `anmrmdeag pradeapgc. Mdsmoua`g cjs da÷js sm `grçd eumdtg `m qum cg ncjr tamdm va`g, kamdtrgs qum mc grtëeucj bmebj pjr mc bjkhrm (pjr kuy adomdajsj y gtrgetavj qum smg) dj tamdm va`g, mstç kumrtj. Um÷gcg qum sjcj @ajs pum`m ejdem`mr mc `jd `m cg va`g. Cjs

eamdtënaejs, gudqum `m smgd mdvavgs, cj qumigkçs sm rmnamrm `msmdtrg÷gr ermgr   mc nudeajdgkamdtj cgs`amstrjs eragturgs bgd gpj`a`j va`g. Um mdtusagskgd eg`g vmz kçs eugd`j `mseuhrmd gcoùd gspmetj `m cg va`g qum bghëg pmrkgdmea`j msejd`a`j `urgdtm `urgd tm kuebj tamkpj, ejkj mc eõ`aoj `mc G@D, y mkpamzgd g ejkpjrtgrsm ejkj sa cj 888  

buhamsmd advmdtg`j mccjs. Cg vmr`g` ms qum sjcj bgd `mseuhamrtj gcoudjs `m msjs –smermtjs‛ `m cg va`g tgd ejkpcmijs qum @ajs bg kgdmig`j `ms`m mc ejkamdzj `mc kud`j. Ua @ajs ms mc ùdaej qum  pum`m `gr mc sgorg`j sgorg`j `jd `m cg va`g, va`g, ºgegsj dj `mhmrëgkjs `mhmrëgkjs mdtjdems rmspmtgr y jhm`memr cg cmy qum Ác `g pgrg prjtmomr cg va`g bukgdg: @astadtgs njrkgs. Ad`aeg g cjs da÷js qum mxastmd eugtrj njrkgs `m ejkmtmr mc pmeg`j `mc gsmsadgtj. Md prakmr cuogr, sm pum`m ccmvgr g eghj md njrkg catmrgc, kgtgd`j g udg pmrsjdg. Md smoud`j cuogr, sm pum`m ejkmtmr `mdtrj `mc ejrgzõd. Ejd`uem g cg ecgsm g cg mdsm÷gdzg `mc Um÷jr Imsùs gemreg `m mstm smxtj orgd kgd`gkamdtj. Kumstrg qum @ajs ejdsa`mrg mc j`aj md mc ejrgzõd ejkj udg njrkg `m gsmsadgtj9 –Jëstmas qum num `aebj g cjs gdtaoujs9  Dj kgtgrçs< y eugcquamrg qum kgtgrm smrç eucpghcm `m iuaeaj. Vmrj yj js `aoj qum eugcquamrg qum sm mdjim ejdtrg su bmrkgdj, smrç eucpghcm `m iuaeaj< y eugcquamrg qum `aog9 Dmeaj, g su bmrkgdj, smrç eucpghcm mc ejdeacaj< y eugcquamrg qum cm88). `aog9 Ngtuj, qum`grç mxpumstj mxpums tj gdtm gc adnamrdj `m numoj‛ (Kgtmj =987―  88). Md tmremr cuogr, sm pum`m ejkmtmr eugd`j sm –gsmsadg‛ j sm quatg udg pgrtm msmdeagc `m cg va`g `m jtrg pmrsjdg, ejkj cg cahmrtg`, j cg nmcaea`g`, j cg rmputgeaõd. Kjasás ejd`mdõ mc smeumstrj ejkj udg njrkg `m gsmsadgtj (en.  @mutmrjdjkaj 809?), y sm egstaoghg `m cg kaskg kgdmrg. Um bghëg gsmsadg`j cg cahmrtg` `m udg pmrsjdg. Md eugrtj cuogr, sm pum`m ejkmtmr quatçd`jcm g udg pmrsjdg cg mspmrgdzg `m cg va`g mtmrdg9 mc hamdmstgr `m su gckg. Cjs kgmstrjs `mhmrëgd utacazgr mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc, qum rmprmsmdtg mc gsmsadgtj md së ejkj mc pmeg`j pradeapgc, pradeapgc, y cgs `mkçs njrkgs, ejkj pmeg`js `m cg kaskg –ngkacag‛.  –ngkacag‛.  (7) Gsmsadgtj `mc eumrpj.  Ejkj smrms bukgdjs, tmdmkjs ud cuogr pravacmoag`j ejkj cg njrkg `m va`g kçs mcmvg`g qum mxastm md cg Ermgeaõd `m @ajs, bmebjs g su akgomd. Vjr mstm kjtavj, @ajs sm rmsmrvg mc `mrmebj mxecusavj `m quatgr cg va`g, ejd sjcj udgs pjegs

mxempeajdms (ejkj kgtgr md `mnmdsg prjpag, cuebgd`j md udg oumrrg iustg, y ejkj egstaoj `m eamrtjs `mcatjs kuy orgvms). @gr y quatgr cg va`g bukgdg ms gcoj qum `mhmrëg adspargrdjs mc kgyjr rmspmtj, y `mhmkjs gemptgr cgs djrkgs `m @ajs ejd ud rmspmtj ghsjcutj. Mc dgeakamdtj `m ud hmhá `mhmrëg ccmdgrdjs `m gsjkhrj y bgemrdjs gprmeagr qum cg va`g ms ud `jd qum dumstrj pj`mr dj pum`m 885  

ejdem`mr. @mhmrëgkjs ejdsmrvgr cg va`g, vgcjrgrcg, y rmejdjemr qum mc @g`jr ms mc ùdaej qum tamdm mc pj`mr pgrg quatgrcg eugd`j Ác cj ejdsa`mrm jpjrtudj. Cjs qum adtmrnamrmd md cg Cmy `m @ajs (pjr mimkpcj, md cjs egsjs `mc ghjrtj ghjr tj j cg mutgdgsag) cj bgemd md ghsjcutg jpjsaeaõd gc Um÷jr y `msgnagd`j su Cmy. Cg cmy `avadg qum prjbëhm mc gsmsadgtj adecuym mc quatgr cg prjpag va`g. @mhmrëgkjs mxbjrtgr g cjs iõvmdms md pgrtaeucgr g dj ejdtmkpcgr dudeg cg pjsahaca`g` `mc suaea`aj. Ua @ajs cms prjbëhm quatgrsm su prjpag va`g, ms smourj qum cms `grç vgcmdtëg y mspmrgdzg md cg bjrg kçs jseurg, sa cm husegd. Md mstjs g÷js g ÷js rmeamdtms, kuebjs  iõvmdms pj`rëgd pj`rëgd bghmr bghmr sgcvg`j sgcvg`j sus va`gs va`gs sa md kjkmdtjs kjkmdtjs ``mm tmrrahcm `mprmsaõd j prumhg buhamrgd huseg`j gyu`g md mc Um÷jr. (8) Gsmsadgtj md mc ejrgzõd. (g) ¡Mc j`aj! Ua pmrkatakjs qum sm ermmd md djsjtrjs smdtakamdtjs `m gkgrourg bgeag udg pmrsjdg (ejdtrg gcouamd qum quazç udg vmz num gkaoj dumstrj), y ejdsmdtakjs qumad`ava`uj sm ejdvamrtgd md j`aj, g cjs jijs `m @ajs mstgkjs gsmsadgd`j g msm ad`ava `uj md dumstrj ejrgzõd. Mc j`aj `msmgrëg qum msg pmrsjdg dj mstuvamrg gbë. Mc j`aj `msmg mc kgc `m msg pmrsjdg y qumrrëg quatgrcg `m md km`aj. Mc j`aj `msmgrëg grrmhgtgrcm cg nmcaea`g` y mc áxatj g msg pmrsjdg. Mstj ms aougc qum gsmsadgr< njrkg  pgrtm `m cg kaskg –ngkacag‛ (mc mimkpcj `m cjs bmrkgdjs `m Ijsá, qum sadtamrjd mdva`ag `m su bmrkgdj kçs ijvmd y mccj cjs ejd`uij g adtmdtgr gsmsadgrcm, ms ud mimkpcj ùtac. Xmeumr`g eõkj pcgdmgrjd `msbgemrsm `m ác. Mc bmebj `m qum dj cm kgtgrgd catmrgckmdtm, sadj qum cm vmd`amrgd, y pmr`amrg su `m ngkacag, su pgës y sus gkaojs, `mkumstrg qum numrjd eucpghcms gsmsadgtj md sus ejrgzjdms, gudqum su prakmr pcgd dj sm eukpcamrg catmrgckmdtm). (h) Cg mdva`ag. Mstj djs prjpjreajdg ud ecgrj mimkpcj `m cg  pj`rm`ukhrm  pj`rm`uk hrm qum bgy md mc ejrgzõd bukgdj. Cg mdva`ag sumcm smr omdmrgckmdtm pjej rgzjdghcm m adiustg pgrg su vëetakg. Eugd`j gcouamd dj pum`m tmdmr cj qum quamrm (j sus gkhaeajdms sm vmd nrustrg`gs), mdtjdems mdtjdems gcakmdtg su gdtapgtëg bgeag jtrj qum pjsmm msgs

ejsgs qum ác `msmg. Vjd gcoudjs mimkpcjs g`meug`js (ud da÷j `msmg, quazç, mdtrgr g njrkgr pgrtm `mc mquapj `m nùthjc. Gc smr jtrj mc mcmoa`j, mkpamzg g j`agrcm y `msmg, `m gcoudg kgdmrg, bgemrcm `g÷j). Cg mdva`ag ms kuy ejkùd. Kmdjsprmeag g cjs `mkçs. @msmg su kgc. Ms udg njrkg `m gsmsadgtj md mc ejrgzõd. 880  

(5) Gsmsadgtj `m cg nmcaea`g`. (g) Cg hurcg. ]dg njrkg ejkùd `m gsmsadgtj `m udg pgrtm vatgc `m cg va`g `m gcouamd ms cg hurcg. Mstj sm vm md mc pgtaj `m cg mseumcg, y md tj`gs pgrtms. Cjs da÷js pum`md smr kuy `msgorg`ghcms, rmdejrjsjs y erumcms bgeag jtrjs da÷js, sjhrm tj`j eugd`j tamdmd gcoùd tapj `m `msvmdtgig. Cg hurcg y cg kjng, md cuogr `m cg gyu`g y cg ejkpgsaõd, ms cj qum sumcm vjcegrsm sjhrm gqumccjs qum tamdmd gcoùd tapj `m `asegpgea`g` nësaeg, mkjeajdgc j eucturgc. Cjs da÷js mstgrçd `m geumr`j md qum mstm tapj `m trgtj  pum`m kgebgegr mc mspëratu y cg nmcaea`g` `m udg pmrsjdg, ccmogd`j g `g÷grcg erumckmdtm. Cg hurcg ms ud gsmsadgtj, pjrqum cm grrmhgtg cg nmcaea`g` g jtrg pmrsjdg, y cm akpa`m tmdmr gkaojs. (h) Cg vmroómdzg. Cgs pmrsjdgs qum kgc`meëgd g sus pg`rms, md cjs `ëgs `m Kjasás, sunrëgd ud egstaoj aougc `m smvmrj qum cjs gsmsadjs (en.  Áxj`j 8797?). Um pum`m bmrar prjnud`gkmdtm g cjs  pg`rms eugd`j cjs gvmrojdzgkjs gvmrojdzgkjs y cms bmrakjs, –gsmsadgd`j‛ su `aoda`g` y su nmcaea`g`. (e) Mc ebaskjrrmj. Gc aougc qum cg hurcg, jtrg njrkg `m gsmsadgtj ejd cg qum cjs da÷js mstçd ngkacagrazg`js ms ejd cg `m kgtgr ejd cg cmdoug. Cgs adsadugeajdms kgcvg`gs y mc ejtaccmj kgcadtmdeajdg`j  pum`md adncaoar ud orgd `g÷j. Mstjs ejdstatuymd udg njrkg `m gsmsadgtj, pjrqum geghgd ejd cg rmputgeaõd `m udg pmrsjdg (cjs da÷js pum`md bghmr jë`j mc tárkadj egcukdag). Cjs da÷js pum`md smr pgrtaeucgrkmdtm eucpghcms md mstm smdta`j. Njrkgd pgd`accgs, y gqumccjs g quamdms dj sm quamrm g`katar md mccgs sm ejdvamrtmd md vëetakgs `m cgs kmdtargs y mxgomrgeajdms qum sm `araomd ejdtrg mccjs. (`) Cg vajcmdeag. Cjs da÷js vmrçd gbjrg qum msjs pmeg`js `mc ejrgzõd pum`md msegpgrsm nçeackmdtm `m cgs kgdjs y mstgccgr ejkj getjs vajcmdtjs md eumstaõd `m smoud`js. Cjs da÷js pmqum÷js sumcmd tmdmr mstgcca`js mstgcca `js `m arg y `m kgc omdaj (cjs qum vmd pmcëeucgs y vë`mjs vajcmdtjs `urgdtm bjrgs adtmrkadghcms sm md`urmemd ejdtrg mc bjrrjr `m `aebjs getjs< gcoudjs ccmogd bgstg g igetgrsm `m su egpgea`g` `m adncaoar `jcjr g jtrjs). Xmeuár`gcms qum @ajs tjkg djtg `m eg`g

 pmdsgkamdtj y `m eg`g getj< ud `ëg, tj`js `mhmrmkjs ejkpgrmemr gdtm su trjdj `m iuaeaj. @ajs djs pm`arç eumdtgs `m eõkj bgygkjs utacazg`j dumstrg va`g, y `m eõkj bgygkjs trgtg`j g cjs `mkçs. Ejd smoura`g` prjseraharç `mc Eamcj g gqumccjs euyjs mxpm`amdtms kumstrmd getjs `mspag`g`js pgrg cjs qum dudeg bgygd huseg`j mc  pmr`õd. 88=  

(0) Gsmsadgtj `mc gckg. Mc Um÷jr Imsùs g`vartaõ qum eugcquamrg qum jnmd`amrg g ud da÷j (bgeaád`jcm trjpmzgr md su nm md @ajs) pj`ëg mspmrgr mc egstaoj kçs smvmrj (en. Kgtmj 729>). Cgs pmrsjdgs qum sm  hurcgd `m cg Hahcag, suseatgd `u`gs `u`gs md cg kmdtm `m cjs iõvmdms y cjs ejd`uemd g egkadjs pmrvmrsjs (pjr mimkpcj, cjs prj`uetjrms `m tmcmvasaõd y cjs m`atjrms `m rmvastgs qum sjd gtmjs kacatgdtms, mte.) sjd eucpghcms `m gsmsadgtj, pjrqum gsmsadgd gckgs mtmrdgs. G`vamrtm g cg ecgsm `m qum advatgr g gkaojs g gcoudg getava`g` qum cms akpa`g geu`ar g cg mseumcg `jkadaegc (pjr mimkpcj) pj`rëg pgrmemrcms travagc,  pmrj, sa pjdm md pmcaorj cgs gckgs mtmrdgs `m sus gkaojs, ms ud qumhrgdtgkamdtj orgvm `m cjs kgd`gkamdtjs `m @ajs. G`vamrtm g cjs da÷js kçs kgyjrms `m qum pj`rëgd smr eucpghcms `mc gsmsadgtj `m cgs gckgs `m sus bmrkgdjs y bmrkgdgs. Dumstrg prjpag aderm`uca`g` pj`rëg smr ud mimkpcj `mstruetavj pgrg jtrjs, y ud `ëg `mhmrmkjs rmspjd`mr pjr cg adncumdeag qum bgygkjs mimrea`j. ¡Gsmsadjs tj`js! Ad`aeg g cg ecgsm qum tj`js sjkjs eucpghcms `m gcoudg `m cgs njrkgs `m mstm pmeg`j. Pj`js djs bmkjs ejkpjrtg`j ejkj gsmsadjs. Pj`js tmdmkjs ud ejrgzõd qum prj`uem j`aj, hurcg, mte. Wuazç gcoudjs pamdsmd qum ccgkgrcms pmeg`jrms smg udg mxgomrgeaõd, pmrj, eugd`j djs kargkjs md mc mspmij `m cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs, vmkjs cg vmr`g` gemreg `m djsjtrjs kaskjs. Bgstg md mc egsj `m mstm pmeg`j mxtrmkj `mc gsmsadgtj, sjkjs eucpghcms, y `mhmrëgkjs smdtardjs gvmrojdzg`js y gcgrkg`js pjr cgs ejdsmeumdeags.  Dumstrjmsejrgzõd ej–mdog÷jsj rgzõd dj sjcj `msmspmrg`gkmdtm `msmspm sadj qum qum tgkhaád \…[mskçs qumrg`gkmdtm tj`gs cgs pmrvmrsj, ejsgs‛ (Imrmkëgs 7?91). Djs mdog÷g bgeaád`jdjs pmdsgr qum sjkjs humdjs y gkghcms eugd`j md rmgca`g` pum`m qum dj smgkjs dadoudg `m cgs `js ejsgs. ¡Euçdtj dmemsatgkjs gc Ugcvg`jr! ¡Xmgckmdtm ms sjrprmd`mdtm qum mc pmrnmetj Baij `m @ajs tuvamrg qum vmdar g sunrar y g kjrar pjr  pmrsjdgs tgd eucpghcms! Adstg g cjs da÷js g vmrsm ejkj @ajs cjs vm. Ujcj mdtjdems mstgrçd prmpgrg`js y `aspumstjs g husegr gc Ugcvg`jr, y g pm`ar pmr`õd pjr tj`js sus pmeg`js. Ùdaegkmdtm mdtjdems

`msmgrçd udg dumvg dgturgcmzg. Mc Ugcvg`jr ms mc ùdaej qum pum`m quatgr mc `urj ejrgzõd `m  pam`rg qum tmdmkjs y sustatuarcj sustatuarcj pjr pjr udj gkghcm y omdmrjsj omdmrjsj qum smg egpgz `m kjstrgr prmjeupgeaõd pjr cjs `mkçs. 88>  

Ejdecuym cg cmeeaõd cmymd`j cgs pgcghrgs `m Vghcj g cjs Mnmsajs9 –Wuëtmdsm `m vjsjtrjs tj`g gkgrourg, mdjij, arg, oratmrëg y kgcm`aemdeag, y tj`g kgcaeag. Gdtms sm` hmdaodjs udjs ejd jtrjs, kasmraejr`ajsjs, pmr`jdçd`jjs udjs g jtrjs, ejkj @ajs tgkhaád js  pmr`jdõ g vjsjtrjs md Erast Erastj‛ j‛ (Mnmsajs 00957―  957― 58). 58). Hjsqumij prjpumstj pgrg da÷js kuy pmqum÷js. Cjs kgmstrjs `m ecgsms `m da÷js kuy pmqum÷js `mhmrëgd hgsgr cg cmeeaõd md mc ejkpjrtgkamdtj `m cjs bmrkgdjs `m Ijsá, qum jnrmem mimkpcjs `m cgs `astadtgs njrkgs `m gsmsadgtj. Ughëgd qum kgtgr mrg gcoj qum mstghg kgc, sad mkhgroj9 (7) Vmrkatamrjd qum cg mdva`ag  sm ejdvartamrg md j`aj gkgroj< (8) Numrjd g su pg`rm ejd kurkurgeajdms y sm hurcgrjd `m Ijsá eugd`j cms ejdtõ sus sum÷js< (5) Eugd`j sm cms prmsmdtõ cg jpjrtuda`g`, pcgdmgrjd eõkj kgtgrcm  catmrgckmdtm. Cumoj sm rmnrmdgrjd `mc getj md së, pmrj cgs ejdsmeumdeags `m sus geeajdms saouamrjd samd`j tmrrahcms pgrg Ijsá< (0) Gsmsadgrjd su nmcaea`g` , yg qum mxpmrakmdtõ cg smpgrgeaõd `m su ngkacag, `m su pgës y `m cg trgymetjrag `m su ngkacag< (=) @m dj bghmr sa`j pjr mc Um÷jr, pum`m qum su gckg  buhamsm sa`j `mstrua`g md Moaptj, udg tamrrg a`õcgtrg. Xmeumr`g g cjs da÷js mc gkjr qum kjstrõ Ijsá gc pmr`jdgr g smkmigdtms gsmsadjs, y cumoj bçhcgcms gemreg `mc Um÷jr Imsùs, quamd `aj su va`g pgrg qum djsjtrjs, qum tgkhaád sjkjs eucpghcms,  pu`aárgkjss smr pmr`jdg`js.  pu`aárgkj pmr`jdg`js. Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc  Mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc E^ 77 (p. 71=) prjpjdm utacazgr utaca zgr cg sacumtg `m udg eg`mdg ngkacagr pgrg rmprmsmdtgr cjs `astadtjs pmeg`js qum njrkgd pgrtm `m cg ngkacag `mc gsmsadgtj qum sm bgd kmdeajdg`j md cg cmeeaõd. Vgrg cgs ecgsms `m cjs kçs pmqum÷js, smrëg `m orgd vgcjr  prmsmdtgr akçomdms akçomdms `m cg prakmrg prakmrg pgrtm `m cg va`g va`g `m Ijsá. DJ EJKMPMXÇU G@]CPMXAJ (7?=)  Áxj`j 86970< Kgtmj =98? ― 58< 58< 7 Ejradtajs >91 ― 77< 77< Iu`gs 7985 ― 8= 8= 

 Adtrj`ueeaõd pgrg cjs kgmstrjs 

Mstm kgd`gkamdtj, mdtmd`amd`j, g cg cuz `m cgs mdsm÷gdzgs `m Erastj, qum akpcaeg pmeg`js `mc ejrgzõd y `m cg akgoadgeaõd, gsë ejkj mc getj nësaej, ms pgrtaeucgrkmdtm dmemsgraj pgrg cjs da÷js y cjs iõvmdms md cg getugca`g`. Uaouamd`j mc kj`mcj `mc kgd`gkamdtj 88?  

gdtmrajr, dumstrj jhimtavj smrç adecuar cg ngkacag ejkpcmtg `m cjs  pmeg`js qum qum mstçd akpcëeatjs md mc kgd`gkamdtj kgd`gkamdtj hgij mc djkhrm djkhrm `m su pradeapgc kgdanmstgeaõd. Md dumstrg sjeam`g`, cjs iõvmdms sm vmd gkmdgzg`js ejkj dudeg  pjr udg gvgcgdebg `m mdtrmtmdakamdtjs mdtrmtmdakamdtjs y prjpgogd`g prjpgogd`g adkjrgcms, bgstg md su prjpag egsg. Gc kaskj tamkpj, rmeahmd kmdjs adstrueeaõd y prjtmeeaõd qum cgs omdmrgeajdms gdtmrajrms. Ejd nrmeumdeag cg adstrueeaõd qum rmeahmd tamdm ud egrçetmr gdtakjrgc. Cgs mseumcgs smocgrms sm rmtrgmd gbjrg `m mstghcmemr `armetraems, y bgstg cgs aocmsags pgrmemd tmkmrjsgs `m ghjr`gr ecgrgkmdtm mstm gsudtj. ]d kgmstrj `m mseumcg `jkadaegc, j `m mstu`aj hëhcaej, dj  pum`m mvatgr mstgr md prakmrg cëdmg `m hgtgccg, yg qum cjs iõvmdms dmemsatgd ejd `msmspmrgeaõd udg adstrueeaõd smdeaccg, prçetaeg y  pjsatavg. Mstm kgd`gkamdtj mstghcmem ud nud`gkmdtj narkm qum sjstmd`rç g cjs iõvmdms g cjs `m pmcaorjs cg gtrgetavj va`g. Djs  prjpjreaj  prjpjreajdg dg udg udgnrmdtm jpjrtuda`g` jpjrtuda`g` mmdsgczgr dsgczgrsmxugcms cg hmccmzg hmccmzg`my mc `m msjs orgd`ms `jdms `m @ajs g cg Bukgda`g`9 mc kgtrakjdaj y cg ngkacag. Ejkmdzgkjs ejd mstjs `js tmkgs pjsatavjs. G km`a`g qum cjs da÷js mkpamemd g gprmeagr y g rmspmtgr cg uda`g` ngkacagr, msg kgrgvaccjsg prjvasaõd `mc Um÷jr, cms rmsuctgrç kçs nçeac vmr ejd ad`aodgeaõd mc `g÷j qum mstg sunrm ejkj ejdsmeumdeag `m cgs `astadtgs `msvageajdms qum akpmrgd bjy. Cg gpcaegeaõd `m mstm kgd`gkamdtj vgragrç smoùd cg m`g` y mc jraomd `m cg ecgsm. Vum`m qum gcoudjs da÷js `m dumstrgs ecgsms vmdogd `m ngkacags rjtgs. Gcoudjs gpmdgs ejdjemrçd g su pg`rm, y kuebjs smrçd kuy ejdseamdtms `m qum cjs g`uctjs `m su mdtjrdj dj samdtmd dadoùd rmspmtj bgeag mstm kgd`gkamdtj (`mhmkjs tmdmr smdsahaca`g` g cg bjrg `m bghcgr, gudqum sad smr ejhgr`ms, pjrqum cjs da÷js qum prjem`md `m ud trgsnjd`j kmdjs dgturgc sjd cjs qum kçs gprmeagd rmeahar cuz ejd rmspmetj g mstjs gsudtjs). Cjs kgmstrjs (mspmeagckmdtm cjs kçs iõvmdms) `mhmrëgd tmdmr eua`g`j `m dj `mear

kçs `m cj dmemsgraj eugd`j trgtmd eumstajdms pmrsjdgcms. pmrsjdgc ms. G pmsgr `m cg prjpgogd`g pmrvmrsg qum prjcanmrg g su gcrm`m`jr  ‐ qum qum pgrmem md`urmemrcjs ‐  md`urmemrcjs  ‐ , cjs da÷js saoumd tmdamd`j udg ejdeamdeag ejdeam deag tamrdg ejd rmspmetj g mstjs gsudtjs y sm samdtmd adstadtavgkmdtm jnmd`a`js sa sm `gd `mserapeajdms kuy orçnaegs y `mtgccms mxpcëeatjs md cg egsg `m @ajs. 882  

 Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd 

Mc egrçetmr `m @ajs. Gdudeag pgrg mkpmzgr qum mstm kgd`gkamdtj djs bghcg `m @ajs, pjrqum rmncmig sus oustjs y sus `msmjs. @mstgeg, md pgrtaeucgr, `js kgrgvaccjsjs gspmetjs `mc egrçetmr `m @ajs9 (7) Wum Ác ms ghsjcutgkmdtm namc y vmr`g`mrj. Ms cmgc. @ajs dudeg rjkpm sus prjkmsgs da sm rmtrgetg `m su Vgcghrg (ejkj bgem mc g`ùctmrj). (8) Wum Ác ms ghsjcutgkmdtm purj y sgdtj (mxpcaeg j `mkumstrg qum cg pgcghrg g`uctmrgr saodanaeg `morg`gr pjr km`aj `m cg kmzecg,  pjr mimkpcj9 cg cmebm sm pum`m g`uctmrgr kmzecçd`jcg ejd ud pjej `m goug j tadtg). Mc g`ùctmrj (y mc njrdaegraj) tjkg mc rmogcj purj y mspmeagc `m @ajs (cg rmcgeaõd nësaeg mdtrm mc kgra`j y cg kuimr) y cg kmzecg ejd ejsgs akpurgs y ejdtgkadgdtms. ejdtgkadgdtms. Vjr mc ejdtrgraj, mc Um÷jr ms tjtgckmdtm purj y omduadj. Dudeg kmzecg cg vartu` ejd mc pmeg`j. Ác dj kmzecg dudeg cg gkghaca`g` ejd cg erumc`g`. Dudeg kmzecg cg ^mr`g` ejd cg ngcsm`g` md su Vgcghrg. J`ag mc g`uctmraj, pjrqum su egrçetmr ms pmrnmetj. ¡Euçdtj `mhmrëgkjs gprmeagrcm y gkgrcm pjr su pmrnmeeaõd! Cg ngkacag. Bgz udg prmoudtg g cg ecgsm (mstj mvatgrç eugcquamr gpurj qum mstm tmkg pum`g suseatgr y bgrç qum cjs da÷js rmncmxajdmd smragkmdtm). @g`js cjs kuebjs kaccjdms `m pmrsjdgs qum bgy md mstm kud`j, ºeõkj sm pum`m gsmourgr qum eg`g udg `m mccgs smg gkg`g, gprmeag`g y sustmdtg`g: Ad`aeg qum, sa cjs ojhamrdjs buhamrgd Bukgda`g`, cj kçseadtg prjhghcm ms qum buhaásmkjsermg`j ccmog`jg gccgkud`j md udg adkmdsg trgdspjrtg`jrg, ejd ùdaegkmdtm udg pcgeg dukmrg`g pgrg `astadouardjs cjs udjs `m cjs jtrjs. Gdudeag cg rmspumstg `m @ajs9 cg ngkacag. Cumoj utacazg ud ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc (prjpjdmkjs utacazgr udg smram `m tgrimtgs `m nmcaeatgeaõd pgrg cjs `astadtjs gejdtmeakamdtjs akpjrtgdtms `m cg va`g9 dgeakamdtj, eukpcmg÷js, kgtrakjdaj, hj`gs `m pcgtg,  iuhacgeaõd, kumrtm, mte.) y `mkumstrg rçpa`gkmdtm eõkj cg uda`g` ngkacagr euhrm tj`gs msgs dmemsa`g`ms, `ms`m cg eudg bgstg cg tukhg9

(g) @ajs ejcjeg g eg`g dumvj kamkhrj `m cg rgzg bukgdg md ud bjogr qum sm gcmorg pjr su ccmog`g y qum cm prjpjreajdg tj`j cj qum ud hmhá ad`mnmdsj dmemsatg. 881  

(h) Cjs da÷js ojzgd `m prjtmeeaõd prjtmeea õd y ouëg md ud gkhamdtm ngkacagr smourj y nmcaz. (e) Cjs iõvmdms pum`md kg`urgr y gsukar pgpmcms `m g`uctj  prjormsavgkmdtm,  prjormsavg kmdtm, md vmz `m bgemrcj `m ojcpm, yg qum cg ngkacag cjs sustmdtg bgstg qum mc prjemsj sm ejkpcmtg. (`) Cjs g`uctjs iõvmdms tamdmd mc gpjyj y mc mimkpcj `m cjs ngkacagrms eugd`j sm mdgkjrgd `m su nuturj ejkpg÷mrj pgrg tj`g cg va`g, y sm egsgd. (m) Cjs g`uctjs kçs kgyjrms ejkpgrtmd ejd ud eõdyuom ejkprjkmta`j cjs gctahgijs `m cg va`g, gsë ejkj mc pcgemr y cg rmspjdsghaca`g`` `m eragr g sus baijs. rmspjdsghaca`g (n) Cjs kgyjrms sm hmdmnaeagd `mc nrutj `m su trghgij y, eugd`j ccmog cg mdnmrkm`g` y cg gdeagda`g`, y eugd`j sm gemreg cg kumrtm, ejdjemd mc gkjr y mc eua`g`j `m sus baijs y damtjs. Md mcqum egsj qum cgs sjd ecgsms `m cjss pjr kçspmdsgr kgyjrms  pmdsgr cjs`merastagdjs adomdujs adomduj qummkpamemd md cg va`gg ngkacagr tj`j ms `m ejcjr `m rjsg, gsmoùrgcms qum cg Hahcag mdsm÷g, md njrkg kçs ecgrg qum eugcquamr nacjsjnëg bukgdg, cjs mstrgojs qum mc pmeg`j bg adncaoa`j sjhrm cg ngkacag `ms`m qum G`çd y Mvg `msjhm`meamrjd gc Um÷jr. Dj jhstgdtm, gud md mstm kud`j egë`j, cg uda`g` ngkacagr ccmvg cgs kgregs `m su gkjrjsj Ermg`jr y ejdstatuym cg pradeapgc numdtm `m smoura`g` y nmcaea`g` g cg adkmdsg kgyjrëg `m cgs pmrsjdgs md tj`j mc kud`j.

Mc kgtrakjdaj. Vrmoudtg9 ºquá ms, pums, mc kgtrakjdaj: ºWuá akpjrtgdeag tamdm udg hj`g: Mxpcaeg qum cjs erastagdjs vgd g cg aocmsag g egsgrsm gdtms  `m vavar iudtjs pjrqum sjcj @ajs pum`m udarcjs vmr`g`mrgkmdtm ejkj kgra`j y kuimr. @mhmd bgemrsm sus  prjkmsgs mc udj gc jtrj gdtm Ác. Vrmoudtg g cg ecgsm sa sghmd quá  prjkmsgs bgem bgem cg pgrmig gdtms `m `m adtmregkhagr adtmregkhagr cjs gdaccjs. Mxpcaeg qum mc bjkhrm y cg kuimr prjkmtmd sjcmkdmkmdtm gkgrsm, bjdrgrsm, bjdrgrs m, eua`grsm y prjvmmr mc udj pgrg mc jtrj, pgsm cj qum

 pgsm9 humdj humd j y md cj kgcj< md cgtm raqumzg raqumzg cg pjhrmzg< pjhrm zg< md`m cg sgcu` –md y mdcj cg mdnmrkm`g`‛ (quazç oustgrëgy md pjdmr mimkpcjs  pgrmigs ejdjea`gs qum sm bgygd mdejdtrg`j ejd orgd`ms `anaeuctg`ms ejkj cg trgom`ag, cg mdnmrkm`g` j mc `msmkpcmj, y qum, g pmsgr `m 856  

tj`j, bgygd sa`j namcms mc udj gc jtrj, y sm bgygd gpjyg`j kutugkmdtm). G ejdtadugeaõd, pgsg g cg prjkmsg kçs akpjrtgdtm, cg `m qum da mc kgra`j da cg kuimr sm mdtrmogrçd g jtrg pmrsjdg, sadj qum smrçd tjtgckmdtm namcms mc udj gc jtrj, kamdtrgs vavgd. Cjs da÷js gemptgrçd nçeackmdtm cg a`mg `m qum, sa cgs pmrsjdgs sm gkgd vmr`g`mrgkmdtm, smrç `m tj`j ejrgzõd, y mstj dgturgckmdtm mxecuarç cg adna`mca`g` (gud `mspuás `m cg kumrtm `m udj `m cjs `js, g cjs da÷js cms rmsuctg `anëeac gemptgr udg dumvg pgrmig pgrg mc qum qum`g. Gudqum sus mserùpucjs dj mstád hamd nud`g`js, sjd udg ecgrg prumhg `m cj mdjrkmkmdtm grrgaog`j qum mstç mc ejdemptj `m cg mxecusava`g` `mc kgtrakjdaj). @acms qum, `mspuás `m bgemr cjs vjtjs sjcmkdms, cg pgrmig mstç egsg`g. Qg dj sjd `js ad`ava`ujs tjtgckmdtm ad`mpmd`amdtms, sadj qum njrkgd udg uda`g`. Ejd nrmeumdeag bgy ud tamkpj `m nmcaz rmojeaij mdtrmiudtjs. gkaojs ngkacagrms cumoj, pgrmig ejkamdzg dumvg va`g Ua ysjd sademrjsy, md sus cg jrgeajdms, tmd`rçd su cg  hmd`aeaõd `m @ajs y ejkpgrtarçd sus va`gs, y eg`g `ëg mstgrçd kçs emreg mc udj `mc jtrj. Ms md ud mdtjrdj `m tgdtj gkjr y smoura`g` `jd`m @ajs bgem qum dgzeg udg dumvg va`g. ¡Euçdtj eua`g`j pjdm mc Um÷jr! ¡Vrjngdg`j! @mspuás `m ermgr mstg akgomd a`mgc y gyu`gr g cjs da÷js g gprmeagr mc kj`mcj qum dumstrj Vg`rm emcmsta emcmstagc gc bg ejdemha`j, gbjrg rmeuár`gcms qum, cgkmdtghcmkmdtm, gqumccjs qum rmebgzgd mc egkadj `m @ajs sumcmd bgemr ud kgc usj `mc kgtrakjdaj, msm `jd ermg`j pjr Ác, y cj pmrvamrtmd. Ejd nrmeumdeag, msg hmccg udaõd `m gkjr, `m mdtrmog y `m ejkpgrtar egsa dj sm rmejdjem. Va`m g tus gcukdjs qum akgoadmd g udg da÷g qum bg bmebj j bg ejkprg`j ud rmogcj mxquasatj pgrg su gkaog, quazç ud hjr`g`j. G÷js kçs tgr`m vasatg g su gkaog y `mseuhrm qum su egrj rmogcj j gqumccj qum cm ccmvõ tgdtj tamkpj bgemr, md vmz `m gprmeagrcj y utacazgrcj ejd rmspmtj, su gkaog cj mstç utacazgd`j pgrg cakpagr mc `msgoóm.

Kumstrg g cg ecgsm qummcmstg ms,kgratgc, `msorgeag`gkmdtm, udg`makgomd `m eõkj sm utacazg g vmems gkjr qum ms ud `jd @ajs. Gc kargr cgs mstgdtmrëgs `mc quajsej, mdemd`mr cg tmcmvasaõd, vmr vë`mjs, mte., sm vm tgd ghgrgtg`j y `msnaourg`j qum rmsuctg arrmejdjeahcm. @mpmd`amd`j `m cg m`g` `m cg ecgsm, kmdeajdg eõkj9 857  

(7) Kuebgebjs y kuebgebgs pamr`md mc rmspmtj y mc tmkjr bgeag mc kgtrakjdaj g numrzg `m mseuebgr ejdvmrsgeajdms orjsmrgs y ghsur`gs, gsë ejkj ebastms vmr`ms. @g÷gd y ejdtgkadgd sus kmdtms vamd`j y cmymd`j ejsgs g sghamd`gs `m qum dj sjd ejrrmetgs y `m qum egkhagrçd sus vgcjrms. (8) Md vmz `m rmsmrvgrsm g së kaskjs y gc `jd mspmeagc `m @ajs  pgrg cg pmrsjdg g cg qum `mhmrëgd gkgr ejd tj`j mc ejrgzõd g cj cgroj `m su va`g, cjs iõvmdms mxpmrakmdtgd ejd mc smxj jpumstj sjcj pjr `avmrsaõd. (5) Cgs pgrmigs mkpamzgd g vavar iudtjs sad ud ejkprjkasj smraj  pgrg tj`g cg va` va`g, g, y prjdtj `mseuhrmd `mseuhrmd qum, qum, md msgs eareudstgdeags, eareudstgdeags, ms kuy `anëeac ejdnagr mc udj md mc jtrj y trghgigr pgrg ccmogr g tmdmr udg udaõd vmr`g`mrg y `urg`mrg. (0) Cjs g`uctjs egsg`js (y tgkhaád cgs pgrmigs `m bmebj) rjkpmd su prjkmsg tmdamd`j udg rmcgeaõd ejd jtrg pmrsjdg `mc smxj jpumstj. Cumoj vgd pgsgd`j `m udg rmcgeaõd rmcgea õd g jtrg, cj eugc cms egusg `g÷j y sunrakamdtj. Mc pg`rm j cg kg`rm qum sm bg qum`g`j sjcj tamdm qum cahrgr udg `urg cuebg md sjcm`g` pgrg qum sus baijs dj  pgsmd dmemsa`g`. dmemsa`g`. @ajs j`ag mc pmeg`j. Mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj sm÷gcõ qum cjs g`ùctmrjs dj sjcj sjd gqumccgs pmrsjdgs qum qumhrgdtgd su kgtrakjdaj gejstçd`jsm ejd jtrg pmrsjdg, sadj tgkhaád cjs qum iumogd ejd msjs  pmeg`js md su ejrgzõd. Xmogcgrsm cgs mkjeajdms y cjs smdta`js  prjpajs ejd mxpmramdeags mxpmramde ags qum rmsmrvgrsm pgrg mc kgtrakjdaj ms g`uctmraj. Cg`mhmrëgd Hahcag g`vamrtm qum ùdaegkmdtm cjs qum ejkmtmd msjs pmeg`js dj mdtrgrçd md mc Xmadj `m @ajs pgrg mstrjpmgrcj y ejdtgkadgrcj (en. 7 Ejradtajs >91). Vrjseratjs.  Vjr cg orgd kasmraejr`ag y cg hjd`g` `m @ajs, cgs  pmrsjdgs pum`md grrmpmdtarsm `m su pmeg`j (cj eugc adecuym `migr cjs vamijs egkadjs) y pm`arcm pmr`õd gc Um÷jr. Mc gpõstjc Vghcj `aij g cjs erastagdjs `m Ejradtj qum da cjs njrdaegrajs, da cjs g`ùctmrjs

bmrm`grëgd mc Eamcj, Eamcj, y cumoj g÷g`aõ9 Q mstj mrgas gcoudjs< kgs yg bgháas sa`j cgvg`js, yg bgháas sa`j sgdtanaeg`js‛ (7 Ejradtajs >977).  >977).  ºEõkj pj`rëg smr mstj: @acms qum mc Ugcvg`jr, eugd`j kuraõ md cg Eruz `mc Egcvgraj, tjkõ sjhrm së kaskj tj`js dumstrjs  pmdsgkamdtjs,  pmdsgkamdtj s, pgcghrgs y getjs pmegkadjsjs, pmegkadjsjs, adecua`js dumstrjs 858  

 pmdsgkamdtjs y getjs akpurjs, pjr kuy sjrprmd`m  pmdsgkamdtjs sjrprmd`mdtm dtm qum mstj smg. Ccmvõ mc egstaoj `mc pmeg`j pjr tj`js gqumccjs qum ermmrëgd md Ác. Gyu`g g cg ecgsm g gprmeagr gc gkjr qum Erastj `mkjstrõ gc ccmvgr tj`js cjs bmebjs y pmdsgkamdtjs vacms m adnamcms `m cgs pmrsjdgs  pmeg`jrgs. Gyù`gcms g adtmdtgr ejkprmd`mr ejkprmd`mr mc pmsj `m cg gdoustag  pjr cg qum Ác pgsõ gc ccmvgr mc egstaoj `m tj`js msjs `mcatjs. Kuástrgcms cjs kgrgvaccjsjs rmsuctg`js9 –Mc kçs vac pmeg`jr qum ermm `m vmr`g`, vmr`g`, gc adstgdtm, `m Imsùs mc pmr`õd rmeaharç‛.  rmeaharç‛.  Gsmoùrgcms qum mc Ugcvg`jr mstç `msmgd`j pmr`jdgrcms sa sm rmnuoagd md su kasmraejr`ag y gpmcgd g su kumrtm mxpagtjrag. Vmrj `mhmd cgkmdtgr sademrgkmdtm sus pmeg`js y grrmpmdtarsm `m mccjs. Ác  pum`m tgkhaád tgkhaád ougr`gr ougr`gr md purmzg purmzg `m kmdtm y `m bmebjs g cjs qum sm grrmpamdtmd y cm mdtrmogd su va`g g Ác ( en. Iu`gs 7980). @g gcoudjs ejdsmijs prçetaejs g cjs iõvmdms ermymdtms y g cjs `mkçs9 (7) ¡Dj iumoums ejd numoj! Ujcj cjs jrouccjsjs y dmeajs pamdsgd qum pum`md pjdmr cg kgdj md mc numoj sad qumkgrsm. Cg Hahcag djs g`vamrtm (md pgcghrgs kj`mrdgs)9 –Cgs kgcgs ejkpg÷ëgs ejrrjkpmd cgs humdgs ejstukhrms‛ (7 Ejradtajs Ejradtaj s 7=955 CHCG). Mxpcaeg qum mstj saodanaeg qum gqumccjs qum `msmgd smrvar y jhm`memr gc Ugcvg`jr `mhmd, ejd su gyu`g, bgemr `mea`a`js msnumrzjs pgrg dj iuogr ejd mc kgc. Ujca`grëzgtm ejd mccjs eugd`j sm mdnrmdtgd g tmdtgeajdms qum  pgrg cgs omdmrgeajdms omdmrgeajdms gdtmrajrms rmsuctghgd `msejdjea`gs. `msejdjea`gs. G`vaártmcms ejdtrg cg kgrmg `m rmvastgs y cahrjs `araoa`js g cjs  iõvmdms. Mstjs prmtmd`md `gr ejdsmijs ùtacms pgrg cg dumvg omdmrgeaõd, pmrj prjkumvmd cg prjkaseua`g` smxugc y cg mxpmrakmdtgeaõd g kuy tmkprgdg m`g` (cjs kgmstrjs `m mseumcg `jkadaegc `mhmd mstgr gc tgdtj `m cg catmrgturg qum gbjrg eareucg pgrg cjs g`jcmsemdtms kçs iõvmdms. Um qum`grëgd gsjkhrg`js `mc egrçetmr mxpcëeatj y mxeatgdtm `m cg dumvg jcg `m rmvastgs). Mxbjrtg g cjs iõvmdms g qum mcaigd g sus gkaojs kçs ëdtakjs ejd sukj eua`g`j, mvatgd`j g cjs qum smgd ghamrtgkmdtm pmrvmrsjs. Ëdstgcms g mvatgr cgs namstgs y cjs cuogrms qum tmdogd pjr jhimtavj cg

 hmha`g y cgpmcëeucgs mxeatgeaõdysmxugc. Ejkmdtg cgs njrkgs qum md qum mvatgr cgs cjs prjorgkgs jhsemdjs vmdpum`md jtrjs kamkhrjss `m cg ngkacag. kamkhrj CHCG Cg Hahcag `m cgs Gkáraegs: 855  

(8) ¡Pmkm cgs ejdsmeumdeags!  Gdtaeëpgtm g cg jhimeaõd qum suroarç md md gcoudgs kmdtms9 –ºVmrj quá `arçd kas gkaojs:‛, gkaojs: ‛, –ºEõkj  pum`j mxpcaegr qum dj quamrj udarkm udarkm g mccjs md msgs getava`g`ms:‛. Cmm g tus gcukdjs cgs pgcghrgs `mc Um÷jr md Kgtmj =98? ― 56 56 y  pë`mcms qum mdeumdtrmd mdeumdtrmd su saodanaeg`j. saodanaeg`j. Kuástrgcms qum `mhmrëgkjs `mhmrëgkjs tmkmr mc pmriuaeaj qum sunrarëg dumstrg va`g, y cgs ejdsmeumdeags mtmrdgs `mc ejkpjrtgkamdtj pmeg`jr, kçs qum udgs pjegs pgcghrgs `m hurcg pjr pgrtm `m gcoudjs gkaojs. @gcms gcoudgs pgcghrgs `m çdakj tgkhaád, ejkmdtgd`j g cjs  iõvmdms ermymdtms qum su dmogtavg g gsjeagrsm ejd cj adejrrmetj cms bgrç ogdgrsm cg vmr`g`mrg g`kargeaõd smermtg `m cjs `mkçs. Vum`m qum cms sjrprmd`g `mseuhrar qum gcoudjs `m cjs qum gc pradeapaj sm  hurcmd y cjs ra`aeucaemd, ra`aeucaemd, vmd`rçd g mccjs kçs tgr`m md huseg `m ejdsmij y gyu`g. (5) ¡Gkg gc Um÷jr!  Prgdquacazg g cjs iõvmdms erastagdjs `aeaád`jcms pum`m ejkpgrgrsm gc ojzj `m ejdjemr gc Um÷jr. Ejkjqum `aemdg`g mc ejratj9 Naig tus jijs md Erastj,  tgd ccmdj `m orgeag y gkjr,   y cj tmrrmdgc sad vgcjr smrç  g cg cuz `mc ocjrajsj Um÷jr.  Xmeuár`gcms qum su Ugcvg`jr ms mc @ajs pj`mrjsj qum bazj mc Eamcj y cg Pamrrg. Uu Vgcghrg y cgs mxpmramdeags `m cg va`g erastagdg sjd sunaeamdtms pgrgejd mdtusagskgr kmdtm cj cgroj `m`mc cg va`g. Cgs gu`amdeags `agrags Ác sjd mccgkçs gctjgpravacmoaj ermymdtm. Pmdmr udg pgrtaeapgeaõd `armetg md cjs pcgdms y prjpõsatjs `m @ajs ms mc kgyjr pgpmc qum pum`m `msmkpm÷gr eugcquamr pmrsjdg. (0) –Pj`j cj purj \…[ md mstj pmdsg`‛  (Nacapmdsms 092). Mxbjrtg g tu ecgsm g euctavgr vartu`ms pjsatavgs9 `jkadaj prjpaj, bjdrg`mz, hjd`g`, omdmrjsa`g`. Mstgs cms smrçd `m kuebg utaca`g` md cjs `ëgs `m tmdtgeaõd y cms prjpjreajdgrçd vmr`g`mrj pj`mr y

kuebgs vaetjrags. Md vmz `m ccmvgr va`gs km`ajerms y mojëstgs, mc Um÷jr cjs utacazgrç pgrg bgemr hamd g kuebjs y ccmvgrcms cg orgeag. Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc  Mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc E^ 77 (p. 71=) prjpjdm utacazgr utacaz gr ud ejdiudtj `m tgrimtgs `m nmcaeatgeaõd qum smrçd pgrtaeucgrkmdtm ùtacms md cg 850  

 prmsmdtgeaõd `m mstm akpjrtgdtm tmkg. Cjs kgmstrjs pum`md kjstrgr tgkhaád `js pg÷js (udj, cakpaj cakpa j y hjr`g`j, y mc jtrj, ud trgpj sueaj) ejkj mimkpcj `m cgs njrkgs md qum mc `jd `m @ajs sm utacazg kgc. Njtjorgnëgs `m hj`gs, gcagdzgs gcagdz gs y dumvjs bjogrms pum`md smr tgkhaád g`meug`gs, pmrj mvatg cgs qum smgd `mkgsag`j jstmdtjsgs. DJ B]XPGXÇU (7?>)  Áxj`j 8697= (vágdsm tgkhaád jtrjs tmxtjs eatg`js md cg cmeeaõd)    Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd 

ºEõkj pum`m mstg cmy trgmr ejdvaeeaõd `m pmeg`j g cg ejdeamdeag: Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum mc prjpõsatj suprmkj `m @ajs, gc `gr sus cmyms, dj mrg mc `m rmnjrkgrdjs (pjrqum sjkjs pmeg`jrms sad mspmrgdzg), sadj `mkjstrgrdjs cj kuebj qum dmemsatgkjs ud Ugcvg`jr. Ejkj mimkpcj, ejkádtgcms eõkj utacazõ mc Um÷jr mstm kgd`gkamdtj md pgrtaeucgr pgrg `mspmrtgr cg ejdeamdeag `m pmeg`j `mc ijvmd y hraccgdtm zgpgtmrj _accagk Egrmy (g quamd kçs tgr`m @ajs utacazgrëg pgrg prmd`mr cg ccgkg `m cg vasaõd kasajdmrg md mc saocj R^AAA). @mserahm eõkj su gkaoj erastagdj Ijbd _grr bazj orgd`ms msnumrzjs pgrg ejdvmdemrcm `m su dmemsa`g` pmrsjdgc `m ejdvmrsaõd. Bghcghgd kuebj md mc hgdej `m trghgij. _accagk egsa samkprm ogdghg eugcquamr `aseusaõd, dj pjrqum tuvamrg rgzõd, sadj  pjrqum mrg mc kçs adtmcaomdtm `m cjs `js. Mstghg smourj `m qum su va`g mrg cj hgstgdtm humdg ejkj pgrg dj dmemsatgr grrmpmdtarsm, da  pm`ar pmr`õd g @ajs. Mc ùdaej mnmetj qum tuvamrjd sus `aseusajdms num ejdsmouar qum gsastamsm g cg aocmsag md njrkg kçs rmoucgr, y qum ghgd`jdgrg md pgrtm sus kmdtargs y sus pgcghrjtgs. Vmrj bazj mstj  pradeapgckmdtm  pradeapgck mdtm pgrg pj`mr adsastar ejd jrouccj md qum mrg ud –humd erastagdj‛ sad tmdmr qum ejdvmrtarsm. Uaouaõ rmsastaád`jsm rmsastaád`jsm g tj`js cjs ccgkgkamdtjs qum sm cm bgeëgd pgrg qum husegrg gc Ugcvg`jr. Cumoj mc Um÷jr utacazõ mstm jetgvj kgd`gkamdtj pgrg ghrarcm cjs jijs g su vmr`g`mrg satugeaõd satugeaõd gdtm cjs sgdtjs jijs `m @ajs. Cg vmroómdzg y mc tmkjr qum sadtaõ eugd`j su kgmstrj `mseuhraõ qum bghëg rjhg`j ud ebmcëd (egkhaçd`jcj pjr udg kjdm`g ngcsg)

baeamrjd qum rmejdjeamrg qum dj sjcj mrg ud cg`rõd, sadj ud pmeg`jr md jtrgs kuebgs ejsgs. Um vaj jhcaog`j g ghgd`jdgr su prjpag  iustaeag y igetgdeag, igetgdeag, pjr kam`j kam`j g vmrsm gvmrojdzg`j gvmrojdzg`j `mcgdtm `m tj` tj`jj mc pumhcj y ccmogr g pmr`mr tgc vmz mc mkpcmj qum cm pmrkatëg ogdgrsm 85=  

cg va`g. Vjr mdeakg `m tj`j, tuvj qum pmdsgr sjhrm mc egstaoj mtmrdj `mc pmeg`j. Mc gcavaj qum sadtaõ eugd`j su kgmstrj cm pmr`jdõ y cm pmrkataõ smouar trghgigd`j dj cm cahmrõ `mc `jcjrjsj `mseuhrakamdtj qum bghëg bmebj. Vmrj, gc gejr`grsm `mc Ugcvg`jr `mc qum cm bghëg bghcg`j Ijbd _grr, Gqumc qum, pjr su kgrgvaccjsg orgeag y kasmraejr`ag, mstghg `aspumstj g pmr`jdgr, sadtaõ qum bghëg mspmrgdzg pgrg ác. Vrjdtj rmejdjeaõ gdtm su ejcmog qum dmemsatghg,  pjr mdeakg `m tj`j, mc gkjr `m msm Ugcvg`jr, y mdejdtrõ gc kaskësakj Um÷jr. Mdtjdems mkpmzõ g g`jrgrcm iudtj g Ijbd y g sus kmdjsprmeag`js kmdjsprm eag`js gkaojs y ngkacagrms `m aocmsags ad`mpmd`amdtms. Ad`aeg g cg ecgsm qum, sa md gcoùd kjkmdtj sm samdtmd ejd`mdg`js  pjr udg udg cmy `avadg, ejkj cm jeurraõ g Egrmy, mccjs tgkhaád tgkhaád `mhmrëgd `mhmrëgd  pmrkatar qum su ejdeamdeag cjs ejd`uimrg gc Ugcvg`jr, quamd pmr`jdg pmr`jdg tj`j pmeg`j. Ëdstgcms g dj md`urmemr dudeg su ejrgzõd da rmprakar su ejdeamdeag. Xjhgr ms addmemsgraj.  Mc Um÷jr Imsùs prjkmtm g cgs pmrsjdgs qum, sa `gd prajra`g` g husegr su Xmadj y su iustaeag, mdtjdems Ác  prjvmmrç pgrg sus dmemsa`g`ms msmdeagcms. Ác rmejr`õ g sus `aseëpucjs qum @ajs, qum vmstëg tgd kgrgvaccjsgkmdtm g cgs ncjrms y cgs gvms, prjvmmrëg md njrkg gùd kçs orgd`ajsg pgrg su pumhcj ( en.  Kgtmj >98= ― 55). 55). Mc gpõstjc Vghcj, bghcgd`j `m su prjpag mxpmramdeag, prjkmtaõ g cjs Nacapmdsms9 –Ka @ajs, pums, supcarç tj`j cj qum js ngctg‛ (Nacapmdsms 0971). Xjhgr dj ms dmemsgraj. Cg omdtm sumcm bgemrcj pgrg tmdmr kçs `m cj qum dmemsatg, j pgrg mvatgr trghgigr. @ajs, @ajs , pums, djs prjbëhm rjhgr. Md cuogr `m mccj, `mhmrëgkjs mstgrcm gorg`mea`js pjr su ghud`gdtm eua`g`j. Xjhgr ms grrjogdtm y mojëstg.  Gyu`g g cg ecgsm g vmr cj qum suhygem `mtrçs `m mstjs getjs `m rjhj qum @ajs tgdtj j`ag. Kumstrg cj grrjogdtm qum ms rjhgr. Wuamd rjhg dj sm prmjeupg pjr cjs `mkçs. Mc cg`rõd `aem9 –Dmemsatj gcoj y cj vjy g ejdsmouar‛, sad akpjrtgrcm mc `jcjr, mc kam`j, cg gdsam`g` y cg pjhrmzg qum adncaom g su vëetakg.

 Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm eõkj sm kgdanmstõ mstm Mc prakmr cg`rõd.  pmeg`j pjr prakmrg prakmrg vmz, eugd`j Mvg rjhõ mc nrutj qum dj cm  pmrtmdmeëg. Vamdsg md tj`j cj qum mc Um÷jr bghëg prjvastj pgrg dumstrjs prakmrjs pg`rms md gqumc hmccj bumrtj qum ccgkgkjs Vgrgësj. Gud gsë, Mvg tjkõ cg ùdaeg ejsg qum mc Um÷jr bghëg `aebj 85>  

qum dj `mhëgd tmdmr. ¡Dj ms `m mxtrg÷gr qum mccg y G`çd sm gvmrojdzgrgd eugd`j su pmeg`j qum`õ gc `mseuhamrtj! ¡Da tgkpjej qum quasamrgd msejd`mrsm `m cg prmsmdeag `m @ajs! Uaoum bghamd`j cg`rjdms.  @mserahm eõkj cjs rjhjs, qum mc Um÷jr tgdtj j`ag, bgd smoua`j pmrpmtrçd`jsm md kuebgs njrkgs `ms`m gqumc prakmr burtj, `mkjstrgd`j qum, `m bghmr mstg`j djsjtrjs md mc cuogr `m G`çd y Mvg, bghrëgkjs bmebj cj kaskj. Md eamrtj kj`j, tj`js sjkjs cg`rjdms. Bgz udg castg `m cgs `astadtgs njrkgs `m rjhj qum saoum bghamd`j g `ëg `m bjy. Egptg mc adtmrás `m cjs da÷js `mserahamd`j prakmrgkmdtm eõkj sm kgdanmstõ mc rjhj md9 (7) Cjs tamkpjs `mc Gdtaouj Pmstgkmdtj9 (g) Xjhj `m hamdms y  pmrsjdgs (md cjs `ëgs `m cg msecgvatu`< en.  @mutmrjdjkaj 809?) y rjhj g cjs pg`rms (en. Vrjvmrhajs 82980). (h) Cjs pmsjs ngcsjs. @mserahm eõkj ngcsmghgd cjs ejkmreagdtms cgs hgcgdzgs pgrg gprjvmebgrsm `m sus ecamdtms (en. Vrjvmrhajs 7797< Gkõs 29=). (e) Cg jprmsaõd gc pjhrm. Adtmrmsms kuy gctjs, pravgeaõd `m cgs dmemsa`g`ms hçsaegs (en.  Áxj`j 8898= ― 8?< 8?< Vrjvmrhajs 8292< Mzmquamc 88981< Imrmkëgs =98= ― 81). 81). (`) Ghsgcõd rjhõ mc ejrgzõd `mc pumhcj `m su pg`rm (en. 8 Ugkumc 7=9>). Mstg ms udg njrkg pgrtaeucgrkmdtm rmpuodgdtm `m rjhj, eugd`j pjr km`aj `m cg g`ucgeaõd y mc sjhjrdj sm rjhg cg cmgctg` `m gcouamd. Ejd nrmeumdeag cjs da÷js sjd eucpghcms `m rjhgrsm cgs gkastg`ms udjs g jtrjs. (8) Cjs tamkpjs `mc Dumvj Pmstgkmdtj9  (g) Xjhj vajcmdtj jrogdazg`j. Cjs cg`rjdms qum rjhgrjd gc iu`ëj md cg pgrçhjcg `mc Humd sgkgratgdj qum Imsùs ejdtõ (en. Cuegs 76956). (h) Cg mxtjrsaõd `m cjs rmegu`g`jrms `m akpumstjs, pjr mimkpcj, Ygqumj (en. Cuegs 7192). (e) Cg mxtjrsaõd `m cgs gutjra`g`ms `mc Pmkpcj. Bghëgd

ejdvmrta`j mc Pmkpcj md udg eumvg `m cg`rjdms ( en. Kgrejs 7797= ―  7?). (`) Gprjpageaõd pjr cg numrzg `m gcoj, tgc ejkj `mserahaõ Erastj md cg pgrçhjcg `m cg ^a÷g (en. Kgrejs 789?). (m) Cjs samrvjs (j mkpcmg`js) qum `mnrgu`gd (en. Patj 8976). 85?  

Cjs kuebjs `m`js `mc rjhj.  Vgrg qum cjs da÷js dj `md pjr smdtg`j qum cjs kgmstrjs `m cg mseumcg `jkadaegc pamdsgd qum sjcj cjs cg`rjdms ejkudms rjhgd, pmrnacg gcoudgs njrkgs `m nrgu`m y ejrrupeaõd g orgd msegcg qum sm pmrpmtrgd bjy md cg sjeam`g` kj`mrdg pjr pgrtm `m9 g) Cgs –gutjra`g`ms‛. Gud cjs ojhamrdjs rjhgd akprakamd`j  haccmtms, qum pamr`md rçpa`gkmdtm su vgcjr (adncgeaõd). (adncgeaõd). Cjs orgd`ms dmojeajs sm ejdnghucgd pgrg naigr y kgdtmdmr cjs prmeajs kuy mcmvg`js. Cg ejrrupeaõd md cgs gctgs msnmrgs g kmdu`j `mspjig g cjs eau`g`gdjs ejkudms. Uad mkhgroj, tj`js mstjs orgd`ms rjhjs dj mxeusgd g cjs da÷js qum rjhgd, gud eugd`j mc vgcjr `m cj qum bgygd tjkg`j smg pmqum÷j.  h) Cjs eau`g`gdjs. eau`g`gdjs. Kuebg omdtm ejkùd rjhg ngcsanaegd`j cg `mecgrgeaõd `m cg rmdtg, cgs eumdtgs `m ogstjs, cgs `mkgd`gs `m  prmstgeajdms sjeagcms, cgs rmecgkgeajdms rmecgkgeajdms g cgs ejkpg÷ëgs `m `m smourj, y`mu`gs. ejdtrgymd`j adkmdsjsmcgtrgsjs mdmnmetugkjs mc pgoj `mceugd`j gcquacmr `m jtrgs Cumoj tmdmkjs rjhj qum eugd `j djy pgogkjs mc haccmtm md mc trgdspjrtm pùhcaej, y eugd`j `mnrgu`gkjs ejd dumstrgs tgrimtgs `m erá`atj. e) Cjs da÷js. Gud cjs da÷js pmqum÷js sm burtgd udjs g jtrjs  pmqum÷js iuoumtms, egrgkmcjs y `avmrsgs pmrtmdmdeags. pmrtmdmdeags. Gcoudjs bgstg rjhgd g sus pg`rms. Cjs da÷js kçs kgyjrms rjhgd eugd`j bgemd trgkpgs md cjs mxçkmdms, j eugd`j ejpagd mc trghgij `m ud gkaoj. Ms pjsahcm rjhgrcm g udg pmrsjdg su humdg rmputgeaõd mebçd`jcm cg eucpg `m gcoùd prjhcmkg, j km`agdtm ud ejtaccmj ngcsj. Cg pmrmzg ms jtrg njrkg `m rjhj eugd`j, pjr mimkpcj, cjs da÷js dj sm kjcmstgd md trghgigr `urj md cg mseumcg y sm hmdmnaeagd `m cg ejstjsg m`uegeaõd qum sm cms prjpjreajdg. `) Cjs iõvmdms rjhgd eugd`j sus pg`rms euhrmd sus dmemsa`g`ms `agrags, pmrj mccjs dj samdtmd jhcaogeaõd gcoudg `m gyu`gr ejd cgs tgrmgs `m cg egsg< jtrjs rjhgd eugd`j dj sm kjcmstgd md msnjrzgrsm cj sunaeamdtm pgrg jhtmdmr ud trghgij `mdtrj `m sus pjsahaca`g`ms,

–ojrrjdmgd`j‛ cj `m cjs `mkçs cuogr `m trghgigr. cjs `á i õvmdms iõvmdms ermymdtms `m udg aocmsag rjhgdmd eugd`j mspmrgd qumGud sm cms tj`j bmebj, sad qum mccjs tmdogd qum ejdtrahuar g cg jhrg `mc Um÷jr ejd su prjpaj msnumrzj. ¡Wuá humdj ms jër eõkj cjs da÷js y cjs iõvmdms mxprmsgd orgtatu` pjr cj qum sm bgem pjr mccjs! 852  

Cgs ejdsmeumdeags `m rjhgr. Um÷gcg qum rjhgr ms ud pmeg`j kuy dmeaj, pjr kuebgs rgzjdms. Dj sjcj djs bgem pmeg`jrms eucpghcms g cjs jijs `m @ajs y djs mxecuym `mc Eamcj, sadj qum `mstruym dumstrg  pgz adtmrajr. adtmrajr. Ejd nrmeumdeag, cjs cg`rjdms cg`rjdms mstçd dmrvajsjs dmrvajsjs pmdsgd`j pmdsgd`j sa sm `mseuhrarç su `mcatj. Gud md mc egsj `m qum dj sm `mseuhrg dudeg, tmd`rçd udg kgcg ejdeamdeag. Eugd`j sm rjhg, g kmdu`j mc tarj sgcm pjr cg eucgtg. Jtrjs akatgrçd gc cg`rõd j mstgng`jr. Vrjdtj dj sm pj`rç ejdnagr md dg`am, y tj`js ejrrmrmkjs mc ramsoj `m qum jtrj djs rjhm. Xjhgrcm g @ajs. Cj pmjr `m tj`j ms qum cm rjhmkjs g @ajs (en.  Kgcgquëgs 592). Ác djs bazj y djs gkg, y tamdm `mrmebj g rmeahar dumstrg orgtatu` y jhm`amdeag. Ua cm quatgkjs mstgs ejsgs, mstgkjs rmtmdaád`jcm gcoj qum cm pmrtmdmem g @ajs pjr `mrmebj. Xjhgkjs dumstrg va`g g @ajs, yg qum cm pmrtmdmemkjs g Ác, dj g djsjtrjs kaskjs. Ejkj mc qum rjhg ud gutjkõvac pgrg su prjpaj `asnrutm,  pasgkjs mc gemcmrg`jr `m dumstrg va`g y djs cgdzgkjs g vavar pgrg dumstrj prjpaj pcgemr pmrsjdgc. @asnrutgkjs `m cg Ermgeaõd `m @ajs y djs kakgkjs g djsjtrjs kaskjs, sad pgrgrdjs g rmejdjemr su mxastmdeag, sad `grcm cgs orgeags y sad smrvarcm. ]d `ëg Ác rmecgkgrç dumstrg va`g. Vrmoudtg g cjs da÷js sa msm `ëg sm cms gtrgpgrç ejkj g cg`rjdms. ºWuá `mhmrëgkjs bgemr:  Adstg g tus gcukdjs, sa sm bgd rmejdjea`j md gcoudg `m mstgs `mserapeajdms, g ejdnmsgr su rjhj gc Um÷jr y g –`mvjcvmrcm cj qum cm `mhmd‛. Mstg ms udg akgomd ùtac y  prçetaeg `mc grrmpmdtakamdtj. grrmpmdtakamd tj. pjr @acms qum mc Ugcvg`jr mstuvj(adecua`js `aspumstj g smr egstaog`j y bukaccg`j tj`js dumstrjs pmeg`js cjs `m rjhj) kuramd`j ejcog`j mdtrm `js cg`rjdms md cg Eruz `mc Egcvgraj. ¡Wuá vmroómdzg tuvj qum sjpjrtgr pgrg pgogr mc prmeaj `m dumstrj pmeg`j! ºEõkj pum`md mvatgr cjs erastagdjs qumhrgdtgr mstm kgd`gkamdtj:  Mxbjrtg g cjs iõvmdms ermymdtms g rmejr`gr ejdstgdtmkmdtm cj qum mc Ugcvg`jr bazj pjr mccjs, y g tjkgrcj g Ác

y su va`g ejkj su kj`mcj g smouar. –Vjr gkjr  g  g \djsjtrjs[ sm bazj  pjhrm, samd`j raej, pgrg qum \djsjtrjs[ ejd su pjhrmzg \nuásmkjs[ mdraqumea`js‛ (8 Ejradtajs 291). Mxpcaeg qum cjs erastagdjs sjd  pmrsjdgs qum bgd mxpmrakmdtg`j mxpmrakmdtg`j ud eegkhaj gkhaj rg`aegc, `m kgdmrg qum, md vmz `m tjkgr   samkprm, sm bgd bmebj ejkj su Um÷jr, qum sm mdtrmoõ pjr jtrjs (en. Oçcgtgs 8986). Cjs ermymdtms `gd g jtrjs. Mc 851  

gpõstjc Vghcj rmsukm mstg dumvg getatu`9 –Mc qum burtghg, dj burtm kçs, sadj trghgim, trghgim , bgeamd`j ejd sus kgdjs cj qum ms humdj, pgrg qum tmdog quá ejkpgrtar ejd mc qum pg`mem dmemsa`g`‛ dmemsa`g`‛ (Mnmsajs 0982).  0982).  Va`m g cg ecgsm qum km`atm md gcoudgs `m cgs kumstrgs `m hjd`g` qum sm djs jr`mdg md cg Hahcag qum prgetaqumkjs, md pgrtaeucgr cg qum sm bg `m kjstrgr bgeag cjs mxtrgdimrjs (en. Cmvëtaej 71950)< cjs vmeadjs (en. @mutmrjdjkaj 8897)< cjs pjhrms (en. Kgtmj 8095= ― 06)< 06)< cjs mdmkaojs (en.  Cuegs >98? ― 5=)< 5=)< mc `áhac (en.  Bmebjs 8695=< Xjkgdjs 7=97)< cjs qum ccjrgd (en. Xjkgdjs 7897=)< y udjs g jtrjs (en. Mnmsajs 0958). Vrjpõd udg prumhg pgrg cg ejd`uetg `mc ermymdtm9 –Pj`gs cgs ejsgs qum qumrças qum cjs bjkhrms bgogd ejd vjsjtrjs, gsë tgkhaád bgem` vjsjtrjs ejd mccjs‛ (Kgtmj ?978), j md pgcghrgs qum rmsuctgrçd kçs nçeacms `m rmejr`gr pgrg cjs da÷js9 –Bgz g cjs `mkçs cj qum tm oustgrëg qum mccjs tm baeamrgd g ta‛. Mstj ms prçetaegkmdtm cj jpumstj g rjhgr. Va`m g cgs ecgsms `m cjs da÷js kçs kgyjrms qum pamdsmd md mstm vmrsëeucj ecgvm9 –Orgd ogdgdeag ms cg pam`g` gejkpg÷g`g `m ejdtmdtgkamdtj‛ (7 Pakjtmj >9>). @mtrçs `mc rjhj samkprm bgy udg kmdtm qum huseg gcoj kçs, samkprm `aspumstg `aspumst g g mdva`agr cj qum tamdm jtrg pmrsjdg, samkprm ghamrtg g cg tmdtgeaõd. Mc erastagdj `mhmrëg mstgr sgtasnmebj ejd cj qum tamdm. Gbë mstç su vmr`g`mrg numrzg. Q djs ms nçeac mstgr sgtasnmebjs eugd`j rmejr`gkjs tj`gs cgs  hmd`aeajdmss msparatugcms qum bbmkjs  hmd`aeajdm mkjs rmeah rmeaha`j a`j gc ejdvmrtardjs. ejdvmrtardjs. Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc  Mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc E^ 77 (p. 71=) prjpjdm utacazgr udg orgd kgdj md cg qum sm pum`md ejcjegr cgs `astadtgs njrkgs `m rjhj. Cjs kgmstrjs qum utacaemd cg mxpmramdeag `m _accagk Egrmy ejkj adtrj`ueeaõd pgrg cg cmeeaõd pum`md trgmr akçomdms `m ác y `m su trghgij ejkj zgpgtmrj. Pgkhaád smrçd `m utaca`g` acustrgeajdms `m cjs jtrjs tapjs `m cg`rjdms qum sm kmdeajdgd md cg cmeeaõd.

DJ BGHCGXÇU NGCUJ PMUPAKJDAJ (7??)  Áxj`j 8697>   Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd 

@mig ecgrj `ms`m mc pradeapaj qum mstm kgd`gkamdtj tamdm qum vmr ejd cg kmdtarg. Cg Hahcag djs `aem qum9 –Cjs cghajs kmdtarjsjs sjd 806  

ghjkadgeaõd g Imbjvç‛ (Vrjvmrhajs 78988). @ajs j`ag eugcquamr njrkg `m kmdtarg pjrqum Ác ms cg ^mr`g`. Egsa samkprm qum sm kamdtm sm bgem g mxpmdsgs `m jtrg pmrsjdg. Cg ejdeamdeag djs `aem qum kmdtar ms ud pmeg`j pgrtaeucgrkmdtm j`ajsj. Kuebgs pmrsjdgs sm bgd jhsmsajdg`j ejd mc rmeumr`j `m su prakmrg kmdtarg `mcahmrg`g. Vjr kuy mxtrg÷j qum pum`g pgrmemr, bgstg cjs erakadgcms rmadea`mdtms y cjs mkhustmrjs bghatugcms sm ad`aodgd eugd`j sm cms ccgkg kmdtarjsjs. Md mc Vgrcgkmdtj hratçdaej, cg pgcghrg kaskg sm ejdsa`mrg tgd jnmdsavg qum dj sm pmrkatm utacazgrcg. ]dg –pumrtg `m mdtrg`g‛ gc pmeg`j.  Cg kmdtarg ghrm cg pumrtg g kuebjs jtrjs pmeg`js. Ua cgs pmrsjdgs dj buhamrgd kmdta`j igkçs, mstgrëgd prjtmoa`gs prjtmo a`gs ejdtrg mc rjhj y mc g`uctmraj, pjr mimkpcj. Gyu`g g cg ecgsm g pmdsgr pjr ud kjkmdtj cj `anëeac qum smrëg qumhrgdtgr cjs `mkçs kgd`gkamdtjs sad utacazgr cg kmdtarg prakmrj pgrg  prmpgrgr mc egkadj, y `mspuás pgrg tgpgr mc `mcatj. Mstg ms cg rgzõd  pjr qum ms pgrtaeucgrkmdtm pgrtaeucgrkmdtm akpjrtgdtm qum cjs da÷js prmstmd gtmdeaõd g mstm kgd`gkamdtj. Vum`m qum cjs da÷js kçs kgyjrms quamrgd rmncmxajdgr md qum, eugd`j smgd pg`rms, udg `m cgs kgyjrms jhcaogeajdms qum tmd`rçd pgrg ejd sus baijs smrç cg `m smkhrgr md mccjs mc j`aj g cg kmdtarg. Cg bastjrag `m cg kmdtarg. Xmeumr`g g cjs da÷js eõkj mdtrõ cg  prakmrg kmdtarg md mc kud`j, md mc bumrtj `m M`ád. Mc @aghcj mdog÷õ erumckmdtm g G`çd y Mvg ejd kmdtargs. Kadtaõ eugd`j cms `aij qum dj kjrarëgd. Kadtaõ eugd`j cms `aij qum mstgrëgd kuebj kmijr ejkamrgd `mcejsgs. nrutj,Vrjdtj y ejd`mseuhramrjd mstj `ghg g mdtmd`mr @ajs mstghg sarmtmdaád`jcms cg gkgrogqum vmr`g`, eugd`j numrjd mxpucsg`js `mc bumrtj pgrg mxpmrakmdtgr cj qum ms ud kud`j `m pmeg`j y vmroómdzg, `m trastmzg y kumrtm. @ms`m mdtjdems, mc kud`j bg mstg`j ccmdj `m kmdtargs. Kuebjs da÷js ermemd sad sghmr cg vmr`g` gemreg `m mccjs kaskjs y `m @ajs. Mc pg`rm `m kmdtarg  (en.  Iugd 2900). Ugtgdçs ms mc pg`rm `m kmdtarg y sm mdegrog `m qum mc kud`j mstá ccmdj `m cjs `astadtjs

tapjs `m kmdtargs, ejd cg adtmdeaõd `m gcmigr `mc Um÷jr g cjs bjkhrms y cgs kuimrms. Ugtgdçs sm gtrmvaõ gud g mdnrmdtgrsm gc Ugcvg`jr ejd sus kmdtargs, prjkmtaád`jcm –tj`js cjs rmadjs `mc kud`j y cg ocjrag `m mccjs‛ sa sa pjstrg`j cm g`jrghg (Kgtmj 092 ― 1), 1), udg prjkmsg qum mc @aghcj kaskj dj tmdëg pj`mr pgrg eukpcar. @ms`m qum mc Um÷jr Imsùs cm `mrrjtõ md cg Eruz `mc Egcvgraj, bg smoua`j adud`gd`j mc 807  

kud`j ejd su prjpgogd`g kmdtarjsg (pjr mimkpcj, qum dj bgy @ajs< qum mc kud`j bg ccmog`j g mxastar pjr egsugca`g`< qum mc egkadj pgrg ar gc Eamcj ms g trgvás `m cgs cg s humdgs jhrgs j eukpcamd`j ejd cg rmcaoaõd< qum mc pmeg`j yg dj ms pmeg`j< y qum @ajs mstç md tj`js djsjtrjs, pjr cj qum dj bgy dmemsa`g` `m husegrcm). Cg Hahcag g`vamrtm g cgs pmrsjdgs qum dj sm `mimd mdog÷gr pjr cg kgyjr kmdtarg `m Ugtgdçs9 qum @ajs dj mxastm y qum, pjr ejdsaouamdtm, dj bgy qum tmkmrcm. Cgs kuebgs egrgs `m cg kmdtarg. @a g cg ecgsm qum cg kmdtarg sm  prmsmdtg hgij kuebgs njrkgs9 njrkgs9 (7) Mc ngcsj tmstakjdaj9 pjr mimkpcj, eugd`j cjs iu`ëjs geusgrjd ngcsgkmdtm gc Um÷jr Imsùs `m djkhrgrsm g së kaskj rmy tmrrmdgc pgrg jpjdmrsm g Eásgr (en. Iugd 71978). Cgs pmrsjdgs `aemd kmdtargs qum egusgd smrajs prjhcmkgs g cjs `mkçs, eucpçd`jcms `m sus prjpags nmebjrëgs. Mstm Ms tm ms ud pmeg`j bjrrahcm, pmrj cjs da÷js cj ejkmtmd ejd nrmeumdeag. (8) Cgs kmdtargs `mcahmrg`gs9  pjr mimkpcj, eugd`j cjs bmrkgdjs `m Ijsá `aimrjd g su pg`rm qum udgs hmstags sgcvgims bghëgd `mvjrg`j g su bmrkgdj eugd`j, md rmgca`g`, cj bghëgd vmd`a`j g cjs askgmcatgs (en. Oádmsas 5?981 ― 5=). 5=). Ejkj suem`m ejd tj`js cjs pmeg`js, mc mkhustmrj pum`m jcva`gr su kmdtarg ncgorgdtm,  pmrj mstg sm kgdtamdm ad`mcmhcm md cjs mxpm`amdtms mxpm`amdtms `m @ajs, y mc eucpghcm smrç iuzog`j gcoùd `ëg. Ujcj mc pmr`õd `m @ajs pum`m gducgr msm mxpm`amdtm. (5) Mc mdog÷j. Igejh mdog÷õ g su pg`rm eamoj (en. Oádmsas 8?9> ―  81). Bmrj`ms adtmdtõ mdog÷gr g cjs kgojs `aeaád`jcms qum ác tgkhaád qumrëg g`jrgr gc Xmy rmeaád dgea`j (en. Kgtmj 892). Ms pjsahcm qum cg ecgsm rmeumr`m eõkj Igejh num mdog÷g`j pjr su tëj Cghçd, quamd cm `aj g Cmg ejkj mspjsg md cuogr `m Xgqumc ( en.  Oádmsas 81987 ― 8=). 8=). Gudqum mstm adea`mdtm tuvj cuogr gc pradeapaj `m cg Bastjrag, mstm tapj t apj `m kmdtarg sm bg rmpmta`j ejd nrmeumdeag (¡cg

Hahcag mstç kuy gc `ëg md su `mserapeaõd `mc pmeg`j bukgdj!). Ejd kuebg nrmeumdeag, cjs da÷js vmd`md j adtmregkhagd ejsgs ejsg s mdtrm mccjs utacazgd`j mdog÷js sakacgrms. Cg Hahcag g`vamrtm qum tgkhaád pj`mkjs mdog÷grdjs g djsjtrjs kaskjs,  pjrqum dumstrj ejrgzõd ms mdog÷jsj (en.  Imrmkëgs 7?91). Cgs pmrsjdgs sm ejdvmdemd g së kaskgs `m qum sus getjs 808  

 pmegkadjsjs mstçd iustanaeg`js y sjd mxeusghcms< `m mstg kgdmrg, mdog÷gd g su prjpaj ejrgzõd y bgemd egsj jkasj `m su eucpg. (0) Cgs mxeusgs.  G`çd pmeõ ejdtrg su humd Ermg`jr, `msjhm`meamd`j `mcahmrg`gkmdtm su kgd`gkamdtj, pmrj cm mebõ cg eucpg g Mvg (y gc Um÷jr, pjr bghársmcg `g`j \en. Oádmsas 5978[). ¡Ejd euçdtg ngeaca`g` eucpgkjs g dumstrjs gkaojs, g dumstrg ngkacag, y g dumstrgs eareudstgdeags pjr mc kgc qum bgemkjs! Mstg ms jtrg njrkg `m tmroavmrsgr cg ^mr`g`, y cj bgemkjs pgrg dj mdnrmdtgrdjs g dumstrg ejd`aeaõd pmeg`jrg. (=) Cg bapjermsëg.  Cjs ngrasmjs nadoëgd mdtrm mccjs y gdtm cjs `mkçs qum mrgd pag`jsjs, rmetjs, y rmcaoajsjs, eugd`j, md rmgca`g`,  hgij cg supmrnaeam, gemebghgd mc jrouccj, mc j`aj y cg bapjermsëg (en.  Cuegs 72977 ― 78). 78). ¡Ejd euçdtg ngeaca`g` vmkjs cjs `mnmetjs md cjs `mkçs kamdtrgs akgoadgkjs qum djsjtrjs kaskjs dj tmdmkjs dadoudj!

(>) Cg g`ucgeaõd. Vrjvmrhajs ?987 bghcg `m cg kuimr qum tmdtõ g ud ijvmd ejd –cg sugva`g` s ugva`g` `m sus kuebgs pgcghrgs‛ y cg –zgcgkmrëg `m sus cghajs‛, utacazçd`jcjs pgrg bgemr qum egymrg md mc pmeg`j. G`vamrtm g cjs da÷js qum dj ermgd g cjs g`ucg`jrms qum pucucgd pjr mc kud`j md cg getugca`g`, y qum dj utacaemd mstg rmpuodgdtm mstrgtgomkg kmdtarjsg pgrg ejdsmouar cj qum quamrmd. (?) Cgs prjkmsgs rjtgs. Mc Um÷jr ejd`mdõ gc baij qum `aij qum arëg g trghgigr md cg va÷g `m su pg`rm y cumoj dj cj bazj ( en. Kgtmj 87956  ― 57). 57). qum Xmeumr`g tus gcukdjs mc sunrakamdtj cg gdoustag pum`mdg egusgr cjs qumcgsm`mempeaõd, rmtrgetgd `m sus prjkmsgsy (`ms`m cjs pjcëtaejs pgrg ghgij). ºUjd eucpghcms tgkhaád `m `gr su  pgcghrg eugd`j eugd`j tamdmd pjeg, pjeg, j dadoudg, dadoudg, adtmdeaõd `m eukpcarcg: eukpcarcg: (2) Cg `jhcm adtmdeaõd. Mc rmy @gva` sm qumiõ gkgrogkmdtm `m gqumccjs euygs pgcghrgs mrgd –kçs \hcgd`gs[ qum kgdtmquaccg‛ y –kçs \sugvms[ qum mc gematm‛, pmrj euyjs ejrgzjdms mstghgd ccmdjs `m oumrrg y `m mspg`gs `msdu`gs (Ugckj ==987< vágsm tgkhaád

Imrmkëgs 192). Cjs da÷js pum`md smr eucpghcms `m mstm tapj `m kmdtarg ejd hgstgdtm nrmeumdeag eugd`j trgdsnamrmd su cmgctg` `m ud gkaoj g jtrj. Md ud kjkmdtj kjkmdtj pum`md mstgr ccmdjs `m `uczurg `mcgd `mcgdtm tm `m udg pmrsjdg y, md udjs `ëgs j bgstg bjrgs, mstgr ccmdjs `m rmdejr y bgemr `urgs geusgeajdms ejdtrg mccg. mccg. Pamdmd –`js egrgs‛, pmrj sjcj udg pjsturg pum`m smr vmr`g`mrg. 805  

(1) Cgs ejdsmeumdeags `m cg kmdtarg. Cjs da÷js pum`md smdtar cg tmdtgeaõd `m pmdsgr qum cgs kmdtargs tamdmd pjeg akpjrtgdeag,  pjrqum dj sm pum`md vmr. Kuebjs iõvmdms sm ejdvmdemd g së kaskjs `m qum `mear udg kmdtarg gquë j gccç bgem pjej `g÷j. Ad`aeg qum cgs kmdtargs egusgd orgd `g÷j md vgrajs smdta`js9 (g) Eg`g kmdtarg rmtumrem dumstrj egrçetmr.  ]dg pmrsjdg sademrg sm `mserahm ejkj gcouamd rmetj, pmrj cjs kmdtarjsjs sm vumcvmd rmtjrea`js (en.  Vrjvmrhajs 8970 ― 7=< 7=< 292). Cjs qum sm gejstukhrgd g kmdtar ccmogd g ud pudtj md mc qum mccjs kaskjs yg dj pum`md `astadouar cg kmdtarg `m cg vmr`g`. Kamdtmd tgdtj qum mkpamzgd g ermmrsm sus prjpajs mkhustms. ]dg vmz pmr`a`j tj`j smdta`j `m cg rmgca`g`, Ugtgdçs pum`m ejdvmdemrcjs nçeackmdtm `m qum cjs vgcjrms mtmrdjs dj tamdmd akpjrtgdeag, y mc rmsuctg`j ms qum yg dj quamrmd gc Um÷jr. (h) Cgs kmdtargs djs rjhgd cg erm`ahaca`g`.  Cgs kmdtargs sjcj jnrmemd udg ogdgdeag ejrtj pcgzj. ]dg kmdtarg pum`m sgegrdjs `m ud prjhcmkg `urgdtm gud kjkmdtj, pmrj, udg vmz sm `mseuhrg mc mdog÷j, cjs `mkçs dj vjcvmrçd g ejdnagr md djsjtrjs igkçs. Vrmsmdtg mimkpcjs pgrg gecgrgr mstg a`mg. Wuazç pum`g smr g`meug`j rmnmrarsm g cg Kgtac`g `m Baccgarm Hmccje, qum kuraõ qumkg`g vavg  pjrqum cjs hjkhmrjs hjkhmrjs sm dmogrjd g rmspjd`mr rmspjd`mr g su ccgkg`g `m guxacaj. Cjs bghëg ccgkg`j ejd gdtmrajra`g` eugd`j mrg udg ngcsg gcgrkg. Mdtjdems sm `mecgrõ ud ademd`aj `m vmr`g`, pmrj Uamkprm qum oratghg9 –¡Numoj!‛,  –Kamdtms‛, rmspjd`ëgd mccjs.  Cjs pjcëtaejs qum kamdtmd `m kgdmrg ncgorgdtm tmrkadgd cgkmdtçd`jcj. Ejd nrmeumdeag sm vmd jhcaog`js g `akatar pjr bghmr  pmr`a`j su erm`ahaca`g`, erm`ahaca`g`, j hamd mc mcmetjrg`j sm damog g vjtgr pjr mccjs. Cjs bjkhrms `m dmojeajs qum sm rmtrgetgd `m su pgcghrg, adeukpcmd cjs pcgzjs `m mdtrmog j rmejrtgd cg egca`g` `m sus kmregdeëgs `mseuhrmd qum su ngctg `m bjdrg`mz tmrkadg

gnmetçd`jcms tgr`m j tmkprgdj y pamr`md su dmojeaj.

(e) Cgs kmdtargs djs ejd`uemd gc Adnamrdj.  Mc cahrj `mc Gpjegcapsas `mserahm orçnaegkmdtm mc nadgc `m –tj`j gqumc qum gkg y bgem kmdtarg‛ (Gpjegcapsas 8897=). Cjs kmdtarjsjs kmdta rjsjs tjkgd su cuogr  iudtj g cjs gsmsadjs y cjs g`ùctmrjs md –mc cgoj qum gr`m ejd numoj y gzunrm, qum ms cg kumrtm smoud`g‛ (Gpjegcapsas 8792).  8792).   800  

ºWuá `mhmkjs bgemr pgrg smr sgcvjs: Bgz qum cg gtmdeaõd `m cg ecgsm pgsm `m cg kmdtarg gc Um÷jr Imsuerastj, quamd `aij `m së kaskj9 –Qj sjy \…[ cg vmr`g`‛ (Iugd 709>). Cjs qum vavamrjd kçs emreg `m Ác pu`amrjd mserahar qum Ác –dj bazj pmeg`j, da sm bgccõ mdog÷j md su hjeg‛ (7 Vm`rj 8988). Ác mstghg –ccmdj `m orgeag y `m vmr`g`‛ (Iugd 7970). Mstj dj sm pj`rëg `mear `m dadoùd jtrj smr bukgdj. ºVjr quá vadj mdtjdems g mstm kud`j tgd ccmdj `m kmdtargs y mdog÷js: ^adj pgrg qum pu`aásmkjs ejdjemr cg ^mr`g`, y cg ^mr`g` djs baeamrg cahrms (en. Iugd 2958). ^adj g ccmvgr mc `jcjr y mc egstaoj `m eg`g kmdtarg, `m kgdmrg qum (sa ermmkjs md Ác ejkj Ugcvg`jr) dj smrmkjs egstaog`js ejd cg kumrtm mtmrdg. Vrmoudtg g cjs da÷js sa, g trgvás `mc mdog÷j, bgd vastj eõkj Ugtgdçs bg pcgdtg`j md cg kmdtm `m bjkhrms y kuimrms kmdtargs kmdtar gs qum `aemd qum @ajs dj ms humdj y qum ms adiustj< qum dj bgy va`g kçs gccç `m cg tukhg< qum mc pmeg`j dj smrç egstaog`j, mte. Vë`mcms qum  pjdogd su ejdnagdzg md mc Um÷jr, qum dudeg kamdtm. Eugd`j `aem qum pmr`jdgrç g tj`js cjs qum vmdogd g Ác, rmgckmdtm ms gsë. Ejdvmrtarsm md erastagdj saodanaeg ghgd`jdgr tj`js cjs egkadjs `m kmdtarg y vjcvmr g dumstrj Vg`rm, vmr`g`mrj y namc, grrmpmdta`js `m bghmrcm `mig`j `m cg`j y `aspumstjs g smrvarcm md mc nuturj. ºEõkj pum`md `migr `m kmdtar cjs iõvmdms ermymdtms:  Bgzcms suomrmdeags ùtacms9 (g) –\Gtg cg vmr`g`[  g tu eumccj, \mserëhmcg[ md cg tghcg `m tu ejrgzõd‛ (Vrjvmrhajs 595). Xmeumr`g g cjs da÷js qum, sa udg kg`rm quamrm mstgr smourg `m qum ud da÷j pmqum÷j dj pamr`g ud grtëeucj vatgc (pjr mimkpcj, cg ccgvm `m udg pumrtg), sm cg gtg gcrm`m`jr `mc eumccj, `jd`m dj cg pum`m pmr`mr da jcva`gr, y `m `jd`m dj sm cg  pum`md rjhgr. Mc Um÷jr ad`aeg qum gsë ms ejkj `mhmkjs trgtgr cg ^mr`g`. @mhmkjs vgcjrgrcg orgd`mkmdtm y tjkgr tj`gs cgs  prmegueajdms  prmegueajd ms dmemsgrags pgrg dj mkpg÷grcg. Cjs iõvmdms erastagdjs sm mxgkadgrçd g `agraj, prmoudtçd`jsm9 ºBm sa`j sademrj y vmrgz bjy: Vm`arçd pmr`õd gc Um÷jr gc rmejdjemr sus mrrjrms md mstg

eumstaõd. Vm`arçd gc Ugcvg`jr qum cjs prjtmig `m mstm pmeg`j qum tgdtj gnmg mc gckg. (h) Ejdtrjcg cg cmdoug. Ugdtagoj ejkpgrg cg cmdoug g ud numoj (en.  Ugdtagoj 59=). Ua jrgkjs pgrg rmeahar cg gyu`g `mc Um÷jr, y bgemkjs ud vmr`g`mrj msnumrzj pjr ejdtrjcgr cg cmdoug kamdtrgs 80=  

sjkjs iõvmdms, mdtjdems mstgrmkjs prjtmoa`js `m udg orgd `mhaca`g` y ngctg `m bjdrg`mz md cjs g÷js qum tmdmkjs pjr `mcgdtm. Gprmd`m g j`agr cg kmdtarg y sus ejdsmeumdeags. Mvëtgcg –ejkj g cg  pmstm‛.    pmstm‛. (e) Ghrm tus cghajs  pgrg gcghgr g @ajs (en.  Ugckj =797=). Cjs erastagdjs sjd gqumccjs qum sm gpgrtgd `m cgs kmdtargs y `m cgs ejdvmrsgeajdms dmeags y nrëvjcgs. ]tacazgd sus cghajs pgrg `mear ejsgs pjsatavgs, `m vgcjr, y pgrg `gr tmstakjdaj g jtrjs. Ejdsumcgd g cjs qum mstçd `mpraka`js y bghcgd `m tmkgs humdjs y ùtacms. Ejdecusaõd. Eamrrg cg cmeeaõd bgeamd`j badegpaá badegpa á md cg gctg mstakg md qum mc Um÷jr tamdm g cjs qum sjd vmrgems, y md su `aspjsaeaõd g  hmd`mearcjs9 –Eamrtgkmdtm ka pumhcj sjd, baijs qum dj kamdtmd< y num su Ugcvg`jr‛ (Asgëgs >592).  >592).  Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc  Mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc E^ 77 (p. 71=) prjpjdm utacazgr ud pgr `m cghajs orgd`ms ejd –hjeg`accjs `m `açcjoj‛ md cjs qum pjd`rmkjs cjs tëtucjs `m cjs gpgrtg`js `m cg cmeeaõd. ]dg pumrtg gdebg, qum ghrg mc egkadj g jtrjs pmeg`js, smrëg tgkhaád `m utaca`g`. Vrmsmdtgr akçomdms `m cjs `astadtjs pmrsjdgims `m cg Hahcag qum gpgrmemd md cg cmeeaõd smrç `m orgd gyu`g pgrg qum cjs da÷js da ÷js kçs pmqum÷js prmstmd gtmdeaõd. DJ EJ@AEAGXÇU (7?2)  Áxj`j 8697?< 7 Pakjtmj >9> ― 77< 77< Kgtmj >971 ― 50 50  –Dj ej`aeagrçs cg egsg `m tu prõiakj, dj ej`aeagrçs cg kuimr `m tu  prõiakj, da su samrvj, da su erag`g, da su humy, da su gsdj, da ejsg gcoudg `m tu prõiakj‛ (Áxj`j 8697?).  8697?).   Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd  ºWuá saodanaeg ej`aeagr: Ej`aeagr ms ud pmeg`j `mc ejrgzõd. Ms ud `msmj kçs qum ud getj (ej`aeagkjs gcoj gdtms `m `gr cjs pgsjs dmemsgrajs pgrg ejdsmouarcj). Uaodanaeg qumrmr, `msmgr, sj÷gr j

mxaoar ejsgs qum pmrtmdmemd g jtrjs. Vum`m trgtgrsm `m ejsgs qum dj dmemsatgkjs rmgckmdtm. sjcjbjkhrms, pjr tmdmrcgs kçs, j pgrgy ojzgr `m pjsaeaõd y qumCgs djs qumrmkjs g`karmd. Cjs kuimrms cjs da÷js qum dj ejdjemd gc Um÷jr dj pum`md mdejdtrgr igkçs cg vmr`g`mrg sgtasngeeaõd sgtasngeeaõd md cg va`g m adtmdtgd ccmdgr mc `jcjrjsj vgeëj qum bgy md mccjs ejd cgs pjsmsajdms. Mc kud`j adtmdtg ejkpcgemr 80>  

mstg gvgraeag bukgdg, y tamdtg g cgs pmrsjdgs ejd tj`j tapj `m grtëeucjs gtrgetavjs. ^gcjrms ejkj cg hjd`g`, cg prmjeupgeaõd pjr cjs `mkçs y cg omdmrjsa`g` sm vmd pasjtmg`js md cg prmeapatgeaõd pjr ejdsmouar cg orgtanaegeaõd pmrsjdgc. Vjd ud mimkpcj `m cg getatu` `m kuebjs da÷js ejd rmspmetj g cjs rmogcjs `m Dgva`g` j `m eukpcmg÷js. Uus  pradeapgcms pmdsgkamdtjs sjd9 ºWuá rmeahará: ºWuá ºWuá quamrj quamrj:: ºEõkj  pum`j ejdvmdemr ejdvmdemr g cgs pmrsjdgs pgrg qum km rmogcmd cj qum `msmj `msmj:: Ejd nrmeumdeag `m`aegd pjej tamkpj g prmoudtgrsm9 ºWuá pum`j rmogcgr: Cg bastjrag `m cg ej`aeag.   Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum mc prakmr mimkpcj `m ej`aeag sm vm md mc bumrtj `m M`ád. Eugd`j Mvg prmstõ jë`j g cg smrpamdtm, mstg cm jnrmeaõ ud mstgtus j ud pj`mr supmrajr (mc ejdjeakamdtj `mc hamd y `mc kgc), y cm adsaduõ qum mccg pj`rëg smr ejkj cjs `ajsms. Xmeumr`g qum @ajs bghëg njrkg`j mc udavmrsj tmdamd`j g G`çd y yMvg. Pmdëgdpj`mrms tj`j cj qum `msmgr. Vmrj mstjmddjkmdtm cms sgtasnazj, `msmgrjd gùdpj`ëgd kgyjrms. Dj mstghgd sgtasnmebjs ejd cj qum tmdëgd. Cjs da÷js pum`md rmejr`gr tgkhaád mc egsj `m Cjt, qum bghëg mxpmrakmdtg`j adkmdsjs hmdmnaeajs ejd su tëj Ghrgbgk, pmrj grrjiõ pjr cg hjr`g su pgz y su nmcaea`g` eugd`j ej`aeaõ cg raqumzg y mc pj`mr `m cg pmrvmrsg eau`g` `m Uj`jkg. Cg cjeurg `m cg ej`aeag. Mxpcaeg g cg ecgsm qum, gpgrtm `m smr ud  pmeg`j, ej`aeag pjsmsajdms ms udg orgddj adsmdsgtmz. ^avar ùdaegkmdtm pgrg `msmgr ycgjhtmdmr tamdm smdta`j, pjr cgs rgzjdms saouamdtms9 (7) Dj pj`mkjs ccmvgrdjs cgs pjsmsajdms. Mc gpõstjc Vghcj `aij9 –Dg`g bmkjs trgë`j g mstm kud`j, y sad sa d `u`g dg`g pj`rmkjs sgegr‛ (7 Pakjtmj >9?). Mdsm÷õ qum cj ejrrmetj ms gprmd`mr g mstgr sgtasnmebj. Mstg ms cg vmr`g`mrg numrzg. Cjs iõvmdms sumcmd egcgr cg ej`aeag `m cjs g`uctjs. Cjs vmd ejrramd`j pjr cg va`g, mxbgustjs,

gdsajsjs y gncaoa`js, md cg ademsgdtm pmrsmeueaõd `m kgyjrms y kmijrms pjsmsajdms, vgegeajdms, mte., y sm prmoudtgd sa kmrmem cg  pmdg. ºVgrg quá cuebgd, trghgigd y sm prmjeupgd prmjeupgd pjr g`quarar raqumzg y pjsaeaõd sa, eugd`j ccmoum cg kumrtm, `mhmrçd kgrebgrsm `m cg kaskg kgdmrg ejkj vadamrjd gc kud`j, sad pj`mrsm ccmvgrsm dadoudg `m msgs ejsgs: ¡Euçdtj kmijr ms smdtarsm sgtasnmebj ejd cgs 80?  

ejsgs rgzjdghcms `m cg va`g y egkadgr ejd mc Um÷jr `m kgdmrg qum mstád prmpgrg`js pgrg cg jtrg va`g! (8) Cgs raqumzgs sjd mdog÷jsgs.  Mc Um÷jr Imsùs `aij qum mc mdog÷j `m cgs raqumzgs gbjog cg Vgcghrg (en. Kgtmj 75988). G`vamrtm g cjs da÷js qum cgs pjsmsajdms dj pum`md prjpjreajdgr cg nmcaea`g` vmr`g`mrg y `urg`mrg (yg smg qum cgs husqum mc raej qum dudeg tamdm  hgstgdtms, j mc pjhrm qum sm prmjeupg prmjeupg y susparg pjr pjr mccgs). Bçhcgcms `m cjs prjnmsajdgcms g`admrg`js qum dj tamdmd tamkpj pgrg `asnrutgr `m su `admrj, y `m cgs pmrsjdgs qum vavmd `mtrçs `m gojhagdtms rmigs `m smoura`g` pgrg smdtarsm sgdgs y sgcvgs. Euádtgcms gemreg `m gqumccjs g quamdms cms tjegd kuebjs kaccjdms md cg cjtmrëg, euygs va`gs qum`gd `mstrua`gs y grruadg`gs pjr eucpg `m cj qum bgd ogdg`j. Ejkádtgcms gemreg `m kuebgs ngkacags qum bgd sgeranaeg`j cg nmcaea`g` `m mstgr iudtjs pjr smr kçs raegs y tmdmr kuebjs hamdms. Mstgs ejsgs pgrmemd kgrgvaccjsgs, pmrj dj pum`md bgemrdjs kmijrms da `grdjs udg va`g vmr`g`mrgkmdtm nmcaz. (5) Cgs raqumzgs djs gtrgpgd. Mc Um÷jr Imsùs tgkhaád g`vartaõ qum mrg kuy `anëeac qum cjs qum ejdnaghgd md cgs raqumzgs mdtrgrgd md mc Xmadj `m @ajs (en.  Kgrejs 76980). Gyu`g g cjs da÷js g mdtmd`mr pjr quá ms mstj gsë, pjr km`aj `m Vrjvmrhajs 5692 ― 1. 1. Gudqum cgs pjsmsajdms y cgs raqumzgs dj pum`gd `gr cg vmr`g`mrg nmcaea`g` g cgs pmrsjdgs, sm ejdvamrtmd md gcoj tgd akpjrtgdtm qum yg dj cms qum`g tamkpj pgrg @ajs. Um pgsgd mc tamkpj –iuogd`j‛ ejd sus –iuoumtms‛, sum÷gd ejd ejsgs kçs orgd`ms y kmijrms,  prmsukmd `m mccgs, samdtmd y sm rmermgd md mccgs.`mKamdtrgs cjsgqumccj pjhrms (eugd`j ej`aeagd) cg tmdtgeaõd mdog÷grtgdtj, j rjhgr qum `msmgd. Vjr ejdsaouamdtm, g egusg `m cg ej`aeag, da cjs raejs da cjs pjhrms `msmgd husegr gc Um÷jr. Ujrprmd`m g cjs da÷js adnjrkçd`jcms qum, md ejkpgrgeaõd ejd cjs da÷js `m cjs saocjs pgsg`js, mccjs sjd tj`js kuy raejs. Cjs  prëdeapms `m cg Gdtaoóm`g` da saquamrg mspmrghgd tmdmr goug egcamdtm adstgdtçdmg, gutjkõvacms vmcjems mquapg`js ejd E@, y nrmsgs md

advamrdj. ¡Pmdmkjs tgdtjs grtacuoajs y pjsmsajdms bjy! ºMs mstg cg rgzõd pjr qum kuebjs da÷js dj sm `gd eumdtg md cg getugca`g` `m qum dmemsatgd ud Ugcvg`jr: (0) Cg ej`aeag ms udj `m cjs pmjrms pmeg`js. @a g cg ecgsm qum,  iudtgkmdtm ejd cjs njrdaegrajs, cjs g`ùctmrjs, cjs cg`rjdms y cjs 802  

 hjrrgebjs, cg Hahcag eamrrg cgs pumrtgs `mc Xmadj `m @ajs g cjs ej`aeajsjs (en. 7 Ejradtajs >91 ― 76< 76< Mnmsajs =9=). Dj djs sjrprmd`m qum Imsùs ccgkgrg dmeaj gc raej goraeuctjr qum tmdëg cjs orgdmrjs rmpcmtjs, kamdtrgs su eumdtg emcmstagc mstghg vgeëg. Adstg g cjs da÷js g qum dj ejkmtgd mc kaskj mrrjr y sm mdeumdtrmd cumoj ejd qum sm cms damog cg mdtrg`g md mc Xmadj mtmrdj.    Vum`m qum cjs da÷js sm prmoudtmd Cjs(7)rmsuctg`js cg ej`aeag9 @g cuogr g`mjtrjs pmeg`js. eõkj pum`m smr tgd adejrrmetg cg ej`aeag sa sm trgtg `m ud `msmj kçs qum `m udg geeaõd. Mxpcaeg qum cg ej`aeag j ejdeupasemdeag (`msmj) ejdeahm y `g g cuz mc pmeg`j. Kumstrg eõkj –eg`g udj ms tmdtg`j, eugd`j `m su prjpag ejdeupasemdeag ms gtrgë`j y sm`uea`j. Mdtjdems cg ejdeupasemdeag, `mspuás qum bg ejdemha`j, `g g cuz mc pmeg`j< y mc pmeg`j, samd`j ejdsukg`j, `g g cuz cg kumrtm‛ (Ugdtagoj 7970―  7=). ]tacazg mimkpcjs pgrg kjstrgr eõkj sm `msgrrjccg cg ej`aeag. ej`aeag . ]d mimkpcj qum cjsMd da÷js ngkacagrazg`js ms mc `mc pmeg`j `m @gva`ejd ejdmcHmtsghá. vmz mstçd `m cuebgr ejdtrg su cuiurag ej`aeajsg, @gva` mdvaõ g husegr g Hmtsghá y kuy prjdtj mc rmsuctg`j `m su `msmj num mc g`uctmraj, mc mdog÷j y mc gsmsadgtj. (8) Ejd`uem g ud orgd sunrakamdtj. Kumstrg eõkj cg ej`aeag y cg gvgraeag sjd egusg `m kuebg jprmsaõd y `jcjr md mc kud`j. Mc numrtm sm gprjvmebg `mc `áhac pgrg gcakmdtgr su adsgeaghcm sm` `m tmdmr kçs y kçs (en. Kaqumgs 898). Cgs dgeajdms vgd g cg oumrrg pgrg ejdsmouar kçs tmrratjraj y kçs pjsmsajdms pjr cg numrzg. Gcoudgs vmems bgstg cjs da÷js sm ejkpjrtgd md njrkg kgcaeajsg y vajcmdtg  pgrg ejdsmouar ejdsmouar cj qum quamrmd. quamrmd. G cjs dj ermymdtms ermymdtms cms oustg oustg eucpgr g @ajs `m cgs oumrrgs y mc sunrakamdtj, pmrj, sa tgd sjcj eukpcamrgd mstm kgd`gkamdtj `m dj ej`aeagr, cgs oumrrgs `msgpgrmemrëgd. (5) Adsuctg gc Um÷jr. Mxpcaeg qum, pjr mdeakg `m tj`j, cg ej`aeag ms udg jnmdsg gc Um÷jr, dumstrj Bgem`jr. Ác cg vadeucg ejd cg a`jcgtrëg (en.  Mnmsajs =9=). Mdtrmogr dumstrj ejrgzõd y dumstrjs

smdtakamdtjs g cgs ejsgs tmrrmdgcms ms gcoj kuy `jcjrjsj pgrg dumstrj emcmstagc. sa `aiárgkjs qumpjsmsajdms prmnmrakjs eugcquamrVg`rm ejsg gdtms qum gMsÁc.ejkj Ms ejkj `mear qum cgs y cgs raqumzgs `m cg Pamrrg sjd, md dumstrg jpadaõd, kuebj kmijrms qum ejdjemr g @ajs. 801  

Cg eurg `m cg ej`aeag.  Mc `msmj ej`aeajsj mstç tgd  prjnud`gkmdtm  prjnud` gkmdtm grrgaog`j md mc ejrgzõd qum dj sm pum`m mrrg`aegr  pjr km`aj `m msnumrzjs bukgdjs. Dmemsatgkjs mc dumvj ejrgzõd qum @ajs djs `g eugd`j djs ejdvamrtm. Vrmeasgkjs udg dumvg dgturgcmzg y ud dumvj pudtj `m vastg, y sjcj @ajs pum`m `grdjs mstj. Uad mccj, smouarmkjs samd`j mojëstgs m adtmrmsg`js md eugdtj g cj qum tmdmkjs y g cj qum pj`mkjs tmdmr md cg va`g. G mstgs gcturgs `m cg cmeeaõd, bghrëg qum rmejr`gr g cjs da÷js qum Erastj kuraõ pgrg quatgr mc egstaoj `m dumstrj pmeg`j, adecua`js dumstrjs `msmjs ej`aeajsjs (sa ermmkjs md Ác). @mhmrëgkjs mxbjrtgrcms pgrg qum vmgd su ej`aeag, cg ejdnamsmd md jrgeaõd gc Um÷jr y cm pa`gd udg dumvg dgturgcmzg pgrg pj`mr vmdemrcg. Gdtë`jtjs ejdtrg cg ej`aeag. Uupjdogkjs qum bgy da÷js qum yg sm bgd ejdvmrta`j, ºeõkj pum`md prjtmomrsm `m cjs pmdsgkamdtjs ej`aeajsjs qum Ugtgdçs saoum adtrj`ueamd`j md su kmdtm: Jnrmem gcoudgs a`mgs9

(7) –Bgemjs tmsjrjs

md mc Eamcj,  `jd`m da cg pjcaccg da mc jrëd ejrrjkpmd, y `jd`m cg`rjdms dj kadgd da burtgd‛ (Kgtmj >986). Md cuogr `m sj÷gr ejd pjsmsajdms y ej`aeagrcgs, cjs erastagdjs mkpcmgd su kmdtm y sus mdmroëgs md pmdsgr y trghgigr md ejsgs kuebj kçs akpjrtgdtms. Ujd ejdseamdtms `m qum mstçd `mc cg`j `mc Um÷jr md udg orgd hgtgccg, j egkpg÷g, pgrg ogdgr gckgs. @gd tmstakjdaj g sus gkaojs y ngkacagrms qum dj sjd sgcvjs. Gprmd`md gemreg `mc orgd pcgd `m @ajs. Uaoumd cgs djtaeags `m cg jhrg `mc Xmadj `m @ajs y cg gpjygd (en. Kgtmj >987 ― 88). 88). Cg egusg `m Erastj ms kçs akpjrtgdtm pgrg mccjs qum ud sakpcm mspmetçeucj vgeëj. Ugcvg`jr, sa pjr tu orgeag  eau`g`gdj `m mccg sjy,   y mc kud`j km `msprmeag,  md Pa yj ejdnag`j mstjy). Ebgrcms _mscmy mxprmsõ mstg kaskg ejdecusaõd9 ejdecusaõd9 Erastj ms tj`j pgrg kë,  kçs qum tj`j md Ác bgccá.  Gquë tamdms udg jpjrtuda`g` pgrg `mserahar g cg ecgsm cj kuebj qum mc Ugcvg`jr rmprmsmdtg pgrg ta y pgrg tj`js cjs qum bgd prjhg`j su pj`mr y su gkjr. (5) @msbgztm `m cgs raqumzgs. Mxpcaeg g cg ecgsm eõkj ejdsa`mrgd cjs erastagdjs cgs raqumzgs y cgs pjsmsajdms. Cgs vmd ejkj `jdms `m @ajs, ud prástgkj qum Ác cms bg bmebj, qum bgd `m utacazgr pgrg smrvarcm, y pgrg hmdmnaeaj `m jtrjs. Cjs erastagdjs dj `mhmrëgd pmdsgr dudeg9 –Mstg ms ka  egsg, ka  gutj, ka  áxatj md mc mxgkmd‛. Vjd gcoudjs mimkpcjs `m pmrsjdgs qum mdtrmogrjd su prjpaj smr y sus  hamdms gc Um÷jr. Bjkhrms qum dgeamrjd raejs, ejkj _accagk _achmrnjrem, cjr`   Ubgntmshury y cjr`   Xg`stjel, sm ejdvartamrjd g @ajs y kuramrjd pjhrms, bghaád`jsm mdtrmog`j pjr ejkpcmtj, adecua`gs sus pjsmsajdms, g cg jhrg `mc Ugcvg`jr y pgrg hmdmnaeaj `m cjs `mkçs. Kuebjs samrvjs `m @ajs, ejkj Cutmrj, _batmnamc`, Upuromjd y Egrmy, `m`aegrjd sus raqumzgs tmrrmdgcms g cg jhrg `mc Um÷jr, y, bgeamd`j mstj, sm prjtmoamrjd `m cgs tmdtgeajdms `mc cuerj qum ejd tgdtg ngeaca`g` pj`rëgd bghmrcms `msvag`j `m su jhimtavj. ºWuá `mhj bgemr pgrg smr sgcvj: Eamrrg cg cmeeaõd bghcgd`j `m dumvj cjs qumCg samdtgd su dmemsa`g` `m pmr`õd md eugdtj gc gsudtj g`mtj`js cg ej`aeag. pgrçhjcg `mc Baij prõ`aoj prjpjreajdg cg akgomd pmrnmetg. Djsjtrjs, ejkj ác, bmkjs pmeg`j orgvmkmdtm `aeaád`jcm g dumstrj Vg`rm emcmstagc qum yg dj mstgkjs sgtasnmebjs ejd Ác y qum qumrmkjs mdejdtrgr dumstrg nmcaea`g` y pcgemr kuy cmijs `m Ác. Bmkjs `mspmr`aeag`j dumstrgs hmd`aeajdms emcmstagcms. ºWuá pj`mkjs bgemr: Cg rmspumstg ms vjcvmr g dumstrj Vg`rm emcmstagc, rmejdjemr dumstrj pmeg`j y mdtrmogrdjs g Ác, ejdnagd`j

sjcgkmdtm md cj qum Erastj bazj md cg Eruz `mc Egcvgraj pgrg ejkprgr dumstrj pmr`õd. Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc  Mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc E^ 77 (p. 71=) prjpjdm utacazgr eugtrj ccgkgs orgd`ms (`m egrtucadg rjig, gkgraccg, dgrgdig y dmorg) sjhrm 8=7  

cgs qum pjd`rmkjs cjs tëtucjs `m cjs `astadtjs gpgrtg`js `m cg cmeeaõd. XMVGUJ (7?1)  Vrjpõsatj9  Naigr cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs `m kgdmrg narkm y saodanaegtavg md cg kmdtm y cg ejdeamdeag `m cjs da÷js. Ad`aegrcms, udg vmz kçs, qum mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj vadj g rmsegtgr g tj`js gqumccjs qum sm rmejdjemd ejkj trgdsormsjrms `m cg Cmy qum dmemsatgd ud Ugcvg`jr.  Adtrj`ueeaõd pgrg cjs kgmstrjs  Ua, ejkj prjnmsjrms, dj tmdmkjs kçs áxatj qum mc `m mdsm÷gr g dumstrg ecgsm cgs pradeapgcms pgcghrgs `m cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs, cms bghrmkjs `g`j ud pravacmoaj kçs vgcajsj qum dadoudg jtrg ejsg. ^mr ud gtashj `m cg Cmy `m @ajs md sus prakmrjs g÷js dj sjcj cms  prjtmomrç `m kuebjs pmcaorjs, sadj qum prmpgrgrç prmpgrgrç sus ejdeamdeags  pgrg cgs eumstajdms eumstajdms msparatugcms `m cg vva`g. a`g.  Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd  Cg njrkg mxgetg `m mstg cmeeaõd vgragrç smoùd mc egrçetmr `m cg ecgsm y `m cg mseumcg. Cgs saouamdtms prjpumstgs pum`md g`gptgrsm y kjc`mgrsm smoùd sm dmemsatm. Vum`m qum gcoudgs mseumcgs `jkadaegcms `msmmd `m`aegr `js smkgdgs gc prjemsj `m rmpgsj9 udg  pgrg gyu`gr g qum cjs da÷js gprmd`gd y rmpgsmd, y cg smoud`g pgrg ejrrmoar sus mrrjrms y gprmd`mr `m mccjs. (G) ]d mxgkmd (mseratj u jrgc). Umrëg mspmeagckmdtm g`meug`j  pgrg cjs orupjs orupjs njrkg`js njrkg`js pjr da÷js da÷js qum md su kgyjrëg kgyjrëg prjem`gd prjem`gd `m ngkacags erastagdgs. @mhmrëgd sghmrsm cjs kgd`gkamdtjs ejd  prmeasaõd. Umrëg rmejkmd`ghcm rmejkmd`ghcm `gr gcoùd tapj `m prmkaj g cjs qum bgygd bmebj mc msnumrzj `m gprmd`ársmcjs kuy hamd. Uad mkhgroj, bghrëg qum rmejr`gr qum gprmd`mr  cjs  cjs kgd`gkamdtjs ms kuy `astadtj g eukpcarcjs. Umrëg ùtac bgemr prmoudtgs pgrg ejkprjhgr cj qum cjs da÷js bgd ejkprmd`a`j, y qum, gc kaskj tamkpj, pusamrgd g prumhg su kmkjrag. Dj qumrmkjs qum dumstrgs cmeeajdms prj`uzegd

ngrasmjs, sadj iõvmdms qum sm rmejdjzegd pmeg`jrms. (H) Ejd cgs ecgsms `m cjs kçs kgyjrms,  smrëg ùtac rmpgsgr cjs ejdtmda`js qum sm bgccgd hgij cjs tëtucjs `m cg cmeeaõd `m adtrj`ueeaõd. Mstj djs jnrmem cg vmdtgig `m pmrkatardjs rmpgsgr cg 8=8  

gpcaegeaõd  `m cjs kgd`gkamdtjs (cjs kgmstrjs `mhmrëgd tmdmr g kgdj cjs –egrtmcms‛ `mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc E^ 78).  78).  (7) ºWuá bmkjs gprmd`a`j gemreg `mc egrçetmr egrç etmr `m @ajs md cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs: (8) ºWuá sghags adstrueeajdms adstrueea jdms bmkjs rmeaha`j `m dumstrj Bgem`jr  pgrg pj`mr pj`mr ojzgr `m udg udg va`g nmcaz y sgcu`ghcm:

(5) ºVj`mkjs bgemr udg castg ejd cjs tapjs `m pmeg`js qum @ajs bg `aebj qum djs emrrgrëgd cg pumrtg `m su Xmadj: (E) Cgs ecgsms `m cjs kçs pmqum÷js  y cgs qum dmemsatmd udg  prmsmdtgeaõd kçs mvgdomcëstaeg. mvgdomcëstaeg. Mstg rmpr rmprmsmdtgeaõd msmdtgeaõd orçnaeg, sakpcm sakpcm y djvm`jsg, gyu`grç g cjs da÷js g rmejr`gr cjs kgd`gkamdtjs y g vmr sus cmeeajdms msparatugcms. Vrmpgrgeaõd.  (g) Akprakm md trms targs `m egrtucadg cgs  pradeapgcms pgcghrgs pgcghrgs `m cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs, pjr mimkpcj9 –DJ PMD@XÇU @AJUMU GIMDJU‛, j ud rmsukmd9 –DADOÙD JPXJ @AJU‛< (h) Xmejrtg `m ud egrtõd `urj cg sacumtg `m `amz da÷js qum egkadmd md cg kaskg `armeeaõd (udg kmzecg `m da÷js y da÷gs `m `astadtgs m`g`ms y `m `anmrmdtms orupjs rgeagcms)< (e) Ejcjeg msgs `amz naourgs sjhrm ud njd`j `m ejcjr qum bgog ejdtrgstm, tj`js kargd`j md cg `armeeaõd `mc Eamcj, sm÷gcg`g md ud ad`aeg`jr< (`) Xmejrtg cg sacumtg `m udg eruz pgrg utacazgrcg gc nadgc `m cg cmeeaõd. Gpcaegeaõd. Um÷gcg qum tj`js msjs da÷js kgrebgd ejdnag`gkmdtm bgeag mc Eamcj (j gsë cj ermmd). Cumoj mxpcaeg qum, pjr `msorgeag, udj `mhm vjcvmr gtrçs y smr mdvag`j gc Adnamrdj (sm÷gcg`j tgkhaád md mc ad`aeg`jr). ºVjr quá: Vjrqum msm da÷j j da÷g bg qumhrgdtg`j mc prakmr kgd`gkamdtj. Va`m g cg ecgsm qum rmeatm mc kgd`gkamdtj dùkmrj udj, y pmog sjhrm msm –da÷j‛ cg tgrimtg mseratg. G ejdtadugeaõd mxpcaeg (g kj`j `m rmpgsj) md quá   ms eucpghcm msm da÷j. Gbjrg sjcj dumvm egkadgd bgeag mc Eamcj, pmrj…  pmrj…   Mxpcaeg qum, `msgnjrtudg`gkmdtm, mc smoud`j da÷j tgkhaád `mhm

vjcvmr gtrçs pjrqum bg trgdsorm`a`j mc smoud`j kgd`gkamdtj. Va`m g cjs da÷js qum rmeatmd kgd`gkamdtj y pjdpgrg mimkpcjs `m Gbjrg eõkj  pum`md qumhrgdtgrcj, qumhrgdt grcj, mdmctárkadjs g`meug`js cg ecgsm. sjcj jebj egkadgd bgeag mc Eamcj, pmrj…  pmrj…  @m mstg kgdmrg, rmpgsg cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs bgstg qum tj`js cjs da÷js `mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc bgygd sa`j `msegcanaeg`js pgrg ar 8=5  

gc Eamcj, y vgygd egkadj `mc Adnamrdj. Cumoj kumstrg g cg ecgsm qum mstm orupj dj rmprmsmdtg g `amz da÷js `astadtjs qum qumhrgdtgd eg`g udj ud kgd`gkamdtj `astadtj, sadj g ud da÷j j ud g`uctj qum ms eucpghcm `m qumhrgdtgr tj`js cjs kgd`gkamdtjs `m @ajs. ºEõkj  pum`m udg pmrsjdg gsë smr rmsegtg`g `mc Adnamrdj: Adnamrdj: Bçhcgcms `mc Ugcvg`jr y `m tj`j cj qum mstuvj `aspumstj g bgemr pjr eg`g da÷j qum ermm md Ác y qum cgkmdtg vmr`g`mrgkmdtm su pmeg`j. Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum, pgrg qum djsjtrjs rmeahgkjs mc pmr`õd, mc Ugcvg`jr tuvj qum tjkgr eg`g pmeg`j sjhrm së y sunrar su egstaoj md cg Eruz `mc Egcvgraj. Pjkg cgs targs `m egrtucadg ejd cjs @amz Kgd`gkamdtjs y ejcõegcjs sjhrm cg sacumtg `m cg eruz. Ujcj pjr mstm km`aj dumstrg eucpg num quatg`g, y bg vumctj g smr pjsahcm qum egkadmkjss dumvgkmdtm bgeag cg eau`g` emcmstagc. egkadmkj Cjs kgd`gkamdtjs md –kadagturg‛.  Ejdecuym cg smram mdsm÷gd`j g cjs da÷js mc rmsukmd `m cjs kgd`gkamdtjs `m @ajs, mxprmsg`j udg njrkg–Qtgdgkgrçs bmrkjsg ejd cgstupgcghrgs `m Kjasás, qum eatõ mcmdUgcvg`jr9 gc Um÷jr @ajs ejd tj`j tu ejrgzõd, y ejd tj`g tu gckg, y ejd tj`g tu kmdtm y ejd tj`gs tus numrzgs. \…[ Q \…[ gkgrçs g tu prõiakj ejkj g ta kaskj‛ (Kgrejs 78956 ― 57). 57).

8=0  

^aomsakjprakmrg smram  ^aomsakjprakmrg XJKGDJU Q JPXGU MVËUPJCGU  Eõkj djs prmpgrg @ajs pgrg mc Eamcj  726. ‐   ‐  Mc  Mc prjpõsatj `m @ajs g pmsgr `m udg orgd Egë`g 

¡Bud`arsm pgrg samkprm! Mstm ms mc tmrrahcm `mstadj `m bjkhrms, kuimrms y da÷js qum, ermg`js g akgomd `m @ajs, bgd egë`j md tj`j tapj `m pmeg`js `morg`gdtms. Vmrj cg vjcudtg` `mc Um÷jr dj pum`m smr nrustrg`g< bgem kuebj tamkpj, mc Vg`rm, mc Baij y mc Mspëratu Ugdtj ejdeahamrjd ud pcgd pgrg qum ud dùkmrj adejdtghcm `m  pmrsjdgs pu`amrgd smr rmstgurg`gs y bmebgs ejdnjrkms ejdnjrkms g cg akgomd `mc Baij `m @ajs. 727. ‐   ‐  Ccgkg`js  Ccgkg`js  Ejkj tj`js cjs orgd`ms pcgdms y prjymetjs, bgy qum bgemr kuebjs  prmpgrgtavjs,  prmpgrgtavj s, y bgy qum tjkgr gcoudgs km`a`gs. Md prakmr cuogr, gqumccjs qum bgd `m smr rmsegtg`js, vavmd cmijs `m @ajs, md udg tamrrg mxtrg÷g, y `mhmd `mspmrtgr gc pmcaorj. @ajs `mhm ccgkgrcms,  pmrsug`arcms m adecadgr su ejrgzõd ejrgzõd pgrg pgrg qum vumcvgd g Ác, `m `m kgdmrg kgdmrg qum samdtgd su orgd dmemsa`g` `m ud Ugcvg`jr y ermgd md mc Um÷jr Imsùs ejd tj`j su ejrgzõd. ºWuaádms sjd mstgs pmrsjdgs: ºEõkj cjs ccgkg mc Um÷jr: ºEõkj rmspjd`md mccjs: 728. ‐   Iustanaeg`js   ‐  Iustanaeg`js Ejd mc nad `m mdtrgr md mc Xmadj emcmstagc, `mhmd tmdmr ud pgsgpjrtm md vaojr ypmrnmetj, udgs erm`mdeagcms pum`m mccjs ud Ugcvg`jr quamd tamdmqum qumsjcj pgogr susjhtmdmr `mu`gs pgrg sunramd`j mc  iustj egstaoj pjr sus pmeg`js md cuogr suyj. ]dg vmz `mecgrg`js `mecgrg`js gptjs y eugcanaeg`js pjr sus káratjs, cgs pumrtgs `mc Xmadj `m @ajs sm ghrmd pgrg rmeaharcms, y mstçd g sgcvj pgrg samkprm. 725. ‐   ‐  G`jptg`js  G`jptg`js (y sgdtanaeg`js)  Pj`js cjs qum kargd g Erastj ejkj Ugcvg`jr `mseuhrmd qum sjd cjs baijs m baigs `m @ajs, msejoa`js y kuy gkg`js. G cj cgroj `mc rmstj

`m su va`g, su Vg`rm emcmstagc dj sjcj jym sus jrgeajdms y prjvmm  pgrg sus dmemsa`g`ms, sadj qum tgkhaád cjs vg trgdsnjrkgd`j, trgdsnjrkgd`j,  hjd`g`jsg  hjd`g`j sg pmrj narkmkmdtm, narkmkmdtm, pgrg bgemrcjs ejdnjrkms ejdnjrkms g cg smkmigdzg `m su Baij, y cjs rmstgurg g su akgomd ( en.  Xjkgdjs 2981). 8==  

720. ‐   ‐  Ocjranaeg`js  Ocjranaeg`js 

Ejsgs gùd kçs kgrgvaccjsgs mstçd rmsmrvg`gs pgrg cjs qum kumrgd md Erastj. Gsë ejkj mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj rmsueatõ `m cjs kumrtjs y su Vg`rm cj mxgctõ bgstg cj sukj, cjs erastagdjs rmsueatgrçd pgrg gd`gr md udg va`g dumvg. Ua bgd `m vavar ejd Erastj pgrg samkprm, ºeõkj rmsueatgrçd sus eumrpjs kumrtjs: ]dg bukac`m smkaccg djs jnrmemrç cgs rmspumstgs pmrnmetgs g mstgs prmoudtgs.  Adtrj`ueeaõd g cg smram pgrg cjs kgmstrjs kgmstrjs  Md mstjs tamkpjs `jd`m rmadg mc gtmëskj, pjejs iõvmdms eumdtgd eumdtg d ejd ud kgrej `m ermmdeags eugd`j tamdmd qum mdnrmdtgrsm g cg va`g. Ejdnagkjs md qum mstm prjorgkg `m mstu`aj `m cg Hahcag, `m eugtrj g÷js `m `urgeaõd, cms bgyg kjstrg`j cg jpadaõd `m @ajs gemreg `m cg bastjrag `mc kud`j, `ms`m su pradeapaj bgstg su nadgc. Gc geghgr ejd mstm pcgd `m mstu`ajs, smouakjs mc kj`mcj `m cgs Mseraturgs ejdecuymd`j ejd udg smram `jetradgc, ejrtg y smdeaccg qum  prjpjreajdg udg ecgrg vasaõd ocjhgc `m cg mdsm÷gdz  prjpjreajdg mdsm÷gdzgg `m cg Vgcghrg `m @ajs, mspmeagckmdtm `mc pcgd `m sgcvgeaõd `m @ajs pgrg tj`js cjs qum ermmd md Ác. Cgs cmeeajdms sm hgsgd md cgs mdsm÷gdzgs `m cgs Mpëstjcgs,, sjhrm tj`j md cg `m Xjkgdjs. ]dg adnjrkgeaõd smkmigdtm Mpëstjcgs `mhmrëg `mspmrtgr ud orgd adtmrás md cjs iõvmdms `m bjy, adspargrcms rmspmtj `m kj`j dgturgc, y ccmvgrcjs g ejdsa`mrgr mc cuogr qum tamdmd md mc prjpõsatj mtmrdj `m @ajs. Vgrg qum udg smram `m cmeeajdms kçs `jetradgcms y tmõraegs, ejkj sjd mstgs, rmsuctmd kçs gtrgetavgs y msecgrmem`jrgs pgrg cjs da÷js, tmdmkjs qum msejomr ud ejdemptj ecgvm `m eg`g cmeeaõd pgrg `grcm ejbmsaõd g eg`g tmkg. Mstj `mhmrëg gyu`gr tgkhaád g cjs kgmstrjs. ¡Wum mc Um÷jr utacaem mstg smram nadgc pgrg prjpjreajdgr kuebjs bmrkgdjs g su Vrakjoádatj (en. Xjkgdjs 2981)! Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc pgrg cg smram   Mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc E^ 75 (p. 8>?) mstç ejdemha`j pgrg qum

sm utacaem g cj cgroj `m cg smram. G`mkçs, eg`g cmeeaõd sm emdtrg md ud ejdemptj qum pum`m prmsmdtgrsm g cg ecgsm md njrkg vasugc9 cg cmeeaõd 726 sm emdtrg md udg kjdm`g< cg cmeeaõd 727, md ud sjhrm qum ejdtamdm advatgeajdms< cg cmeeaõd 728, md ncmebgs qum egkhagd `m `armeeaõd< cg cmeeaõd 725, md udg ngkacag y, mspmeagckmdtm, md ud  pg`rm< y cg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd 720, md udg udg smkaccg y mc nrutj nrutj qum prj`uem. prj`uem. 8=>  

MC VXJV VXJV UAP UAPJ J @M @ @AJU AJU G VM VMUGX UGX @ @M M ]D ]DG G OXG OXGD D EGË EGË@G @G ((726 726))  Egë`js, prm`mstadg`js  Xjkgdjs 797> ― 58< 58< 2981< Oádmsas 7980 ― 8? 8? 

Vrjpõsatj9 Vrmsmdtgr cg `jetradg `jetra dg `m cg Egë`g, y mc pcgd y mc prjpõsatj `mc Um÷jr `m rmstgurgr g cjs pmeg`jrms pmr`a`js g cg akgomd `m su Baij, md udg njrkg sakpcm, mvgdomcëstaeg, y nçeac `m rmejr`gr pgrg cjs da÷js.

 Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd 

(7) ]dg akgomd hraccgdtm (en. Oádmsas 798> ― 8?). 8?). Gtrgm cg gtmdeaõd `m cjs da÷js kjstrçd`jcms udg kjdm`g `m vgcjr, dumvg y hraccgdtm, ejd cg akgomd `mc Xmy rmpuig`g sjhrm mccg. Ad`aeg qum cg akgomd a`mdtanaeg cg kjdm`g y cm `g vgcjr md mc pgës gc qum pmrtmdmem. Gcoudgs `m dumstrgs kjdm`gs ccmvgd cg akgomd `mc Xmy m ad`aegd qum mstgkjs md Mspg÷g. Ujrprmd`m g cg ecgsm mxpcaeçd`jcm qum nuakjs bmebjs ejd cg akgomd `m @ajs, dumstrj Ermg`jr y Xmy, geu÷g`g sjhrm djsjtrjs. Gsë ejkj ud mspmij rmncmig dumstrg dumst rg akgomd, nuakjs ermg`js pgrg rmncmigr cg smkmigdzg `m dumstrj Bgem`jr. @mhëgkjs smr ejkj Ác9 humdjs y gkghcms, purjs y bjdrg`js, iustjs y namcms. ^umcvm g sm÷gcgr cg kjdm`g y mxpcaeg g cg ecgsm mc kmdsgim `m cg Hahcag, qum djs `aem qum @ajs bazj g cjs bjkhrms y cgs kuimrms dj ejkj g cjs gdakgcms, sadj g su smkmigdzg. Ujpcõ md mccjs ud mspëratu vavj, ud gckg adkjrtgc, y cumoj cms `aj `jkadaj (j pj`mr) sjhrm cg Pamrrg y sjhrm sus eragturgs (en.  Oádmsasadnadatg 798>). ¡Wuá orgds  pravacmoaj! ¡Wuátj`gs rmgcazgeaõd y quá sgtasngeeaõd bghrëgkjs bghrëgkj tmda`j! ]tacazg ud ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc pgrg rmprmsmdtgr cg pjsaeaõd  pravacmoag`gg `m cg Bukgda`g` md cg pgrtm kçs gctg `m udg msegcmrg  pravacmoag` (en. E^ 75, p. 8>?). Mstghcmem ud ejdtrgstm ejd cg jpadaõd pjpucgr `m qum cjs smrms bukgdjs dj sjd kçs qum gdakgcms kuy mvjcueajdg`js. Dj ms `m mxtrg÷gr qum kuebjs iõvmdms mdeumdtrmd pjej smdta`j y prjpõsatj

md cg va`g y sjcj vavgd pgrg `asnrutgr kamdtrgs pum`gd. ^jcvamd`j g cg jpadaõd hëhcaeg gemreg `m cg rgzg bukgdg, mxpcaeg eõkj mc Um÷jr dj sjcj djs ejdem`aõ mstg pjsaeaõd pravacmoag`g md su kud`j, sadj qum djs jtjroõ tj`gs cgs bghaca`g`ms dmemsgrags pgrg E^ Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc 8=?  

`msmkpm÷gr cgs nudeajdms `m `aebg pjsaeaõd. G `anmrmdeag `m cjs gdakgcms, qum sjcj tamdmd adstadtjs nësaejs, djsjtrjs tmdmkjs ud smdta`j `m cjs pradeapajs pradea pajs `m @ajs9 ud smdta smdta`j `j `mc hamd y `mc kgc (udg ejdeamdeag). Pgkhaád tmdmkjs cg egpgea`g` `m rgzjdgr y pmdsgr. G`mkçs, rmeahakjs udg ejdeamdeag j adstadtj qum djs `aem qum bgy udg mxastmdeag mtmrdg kçs gccç `m mstg ejrtg va`g sjhrm cg Pamrrg. ¡Pj`j mstç g dumstrjs pams! ¡Wuá cuogr tgd bmrkjsj bghrëg sa`j cg Pamrrg sa cgs ejsgs buhamrgd pmrkgdmea`j tgc y ejkj @ajs cgs ermõ! ¡Pj`j smrëg –humdj md orgd kgdmrg‛ (Oádmsas 7957), tgd hraccgdtm ejkj msg kjdm`g dumvg! Vrmoudtg9 ºWuá jeurraõ, pums, pgrg mstrjpmgr cg ocjrajsg adtmdeaõd `m @ajs pgrg ejd su kçs gctg ermgeaõd: ºWuá ejdvartaõ cg va`g md gcoj tgd trastm, nrustrgdtm y sad smdta`j: ºWuá trgij cg kumrtm y mc `jcjr gc kud`j y djs smpgrõ `mc Um÷jr, dumstrj Bgem`jr: (8) Egkhaj `m akgomd.  Um÷gcg qum ud da÷j pmqum÷j, qum dj ejdjem mcpjr vgcjr `admrj, pum`m smr mdog÷g`j y egkhagr vgcajsg kjdm`g udg`mchgrgtaig. G cg cuz `m Xjkgdjs 7, cjs cgkgmstrjs  pum`md mxpcaegr cg bjrrahcm bjrrahcm dgturgcmzg dgturgcmzg `m cg Egë`g `m cg Bukgda`g` Bukgda`g` y cg mdjrkm cjeurg qum supjdm. Mimkpcanaeg cg a`mg qum quasj trgdskatar mc Gpõstjc9 qum –\egkhagkjs[ cg ocjrag `mc @ajs adejrruptahcm \cg akgomd geu÷g`g sjhrm djsjtrjs[ md smkmigdzg `m akgomd `m bjkhrm ejrruptahcm, `m gvms, `m eug`rùpm`js y `m rmptacms‛ (Xjkgdjs 7985).  7985). 

8=2  

 Grrahg9 E^ 78 ‐  Ejkpcmkmdtj  Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc pgrg cg cmeeaõd 7>1    Ghgij9 E^ 75 ‐  Ejkpcmkmdtj  Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc pgrg cg smram 87 

@a g cg ecgsm eõkj cjs smrms bukgdjs, bmebjs g akgomd `m @ajs y egpgems `m g`jrgrcm g Ác, mc ocjrajsj Bgem`jr `mc Eamcj y `m cg 8=1  

Pamrrg, prjdtj prmnaramrjd adecadgrsm catmrgckmdtm gdtm cjs ë`jcjs, y g`jrgrcjs. Bjy, kuebgs pmrsjdgs qum sm ejdsa`mrgd `mkgsag`j eavacazg`gs y sjnastaeg`gs ejkj pgrg adecadgrsm gdtm cjs ë`jcjs g`jrgd mc ejdemptj `mc bjkhrm ejkj dg`g kçs qum ud gdakgc. Gkhjs bgd egkhag`j cg vmr`g` `m @ajs pjr udg kmdtarg. Gkhjs g`jrgd –g cgs eragturgs gdtms qum gc Ermg`jr‛ (Xjkgdjs 798=).  798=).   ]tacazg ccgkgtavjs pgrgygyu`gr cjs da÷js vmr cj dmeajs qummimkpcjs sjkjs gc `msmebgr `msmebg r g @ajs mc djhcmgpgpmc qum Ácg`msaodõ  pgrg djsjtrjs. ºWuá bmkjs  `msmebg`j: Vrmoudtg g cjs da÷js, pjr mimkpcj, eõkj sm smdtarëgd sa buhamsmd adtmregkhag`j j vmd`a`j gcoj kuy vgcajsj (ud iuoumtm, ud hrjebm, ud hrjebm, ud ud vë`mj, vë`mj, ud gutjkõvac… G`gptg mc mimkpcj pgrg qum sm gejkj`m g cg m`g` `m cg ecgsm) pjr gcoj qum cumoj bgd vastj qum dj tmdëg vgcjr gcoudj. Xmeuár`gcms cg bastjrag `m Msgù, qum `mhëg bmrm`gr udg orgd njrtudg y mc bjdjr `m smr mc eghmzg `m udg orgd ngkacag pravacmoag`g, y egkhaõ su `mrmebj `m prakjomdaturg pjr ud pcgtj `m cmdtmigs. Eumdtg g cg ecgsm qum G`çd y Mvg `amrjd ud pgsj aougc `m `msgstrjsj eugd`j `migrjd `m cg`j cgs g`vmrtmdeags y cjs kgd`gkamdtjs `mc Um÷jr y cm pusamrjd cgs ejsgs nçeacms g Ugtgdçs.  Dj ms ms `m mxtrg÷gr qum mstm suemsj sm ccgkm9 ccgkm9 –¡cg Egë`g!‛ (kumstrg (kumstrg cg egë`g gc nadgc `m cg msegcmrg md mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc). Mc @aghcj cjs mdog÷õ, y egkhagrjd cg ocjrag qum @ajs cms bghëg ejdem`a`j pjr cg prjkmsg sad vgcjr `m ud pjej `m nrutg qum cms ejdem`mrëg udg `u`jsg sgha`urëg. ¡Wuá egkhaj tgd `msaougc! @a g cg ecgsm qum G`çd y Mvg mrgd cjs rmprmsmdtgdtms `m tj`js djsjtrjs. Vj`rëgd ejdsa`mrgrsm tgkhaád ejkj ud –egsj `m prumhg‛. @m bghmr mstg`j md su cuogr, bghrëgkjs bmebj cj kaskj, pjrqum –tj`js djsjtrjs djs `msegrragkjs ejkj jvmigs, EG@G E]GC sm gpgrtõ pjr su egkadj‛ (Asgëgs =59>). @ëg g `ëg getugkjs `m cg kaskg kgdmrg9 rmebgzgkjs cjs egkadjs `m @ajs y pmdsgkjs qum djsjtrjs sghmkjs kmijr cj qum tmdmkjs qum bgemr. –Vrjnmsgd`j smr sghajs,

\cjs smrms bukgdjs[ sm baeamrjd dmeajs (Xjkgdjs 7988).  7988).  mstgs gcturgs cg cmeeaõd, kumstrg ]dgudg akgomd pmr`a`g. g cg(5) ecgsm kjdm`g vamig y G `jhcg`g, qum dj`m hraccm y qum tmdog udg egpg orgsamdtg `m sueam`g`. Ejkpçrgcg Ejkpçrg cg ejd cg prakmrg kjdm`g9 ¡quá `anmrmdeag! Mxpcaeg qum cjs bjkhrms y cgs kuimrms bgd sunra`j ud egkhaj pgrmea`j ejkj rmsuctg`j `m cg Egë`g. Md cuogr `m ejdjemr 8>6  

gc Um÷jr, egkadgr ejd Ác y eukpcar sus ocjrajsjs pcgdms, cjs smrms bukgdjs sm bgd `morg`g`j y tamdmd ud ejkpjrtgkamdtj ad`meahcmkmdtm sueaj, mojëstg y vajcmdtj, y udjs kátj`js rmpuodgdtms. Md vmz `m rmncmigr cg hjd`g` `m @ajs, sm bud`md md cjs bjrrahcms pmeg`js qum mc Gpõstjc `mtgccg md Xjkgdjs 7981 ― 57. 57. Bgz udg smcmeeaõd `m cgs jnmdsgs qum tu ecgsm ejdjem, y kmdeajdg qum bgy jtrjs pmeg`js gùd pmjrms. ºUm pamr`m cg akgomd pgrg samkprm:  @a g cjs da÷js qum, sa nuásmkjs cjs `um÷js, prjhghcmkmdtm qumrrëgkjs `msbgemrdjs `m cg kjdm`g sueag qum yg dj hraccg. ºNgccõ mc pcgd `m @ajs `m ermgr g cjs smrms bukgdjs g su akgomd: º@mstruyõ º@ms truyõ Ác g cg rgzg bukgdg md iustg arg: Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum @ajs, qum ms ghsjcutgkmdtm sgdtj, j`ag tj`js cjs pmeg`js. Vumstj qum Ác ms pmrnmetgkmdtm iustj, `mhm mxpucsgr y egstaogr g cjs qum cm bgd `g`j cg mspgc`g md njrkg tgd  pmrvmrsg. Kmrmemkjs cg smdtmdeag `m kumrtm kumrtm (en. Xjkgdjs 7958). G  pmsgr tj`j, grtm mc ejrgzõd `m mdtrmográ @ajs gdsëgyjsgcvgrdjs. –ºEõkj  pj`rá `m ghgd`jd ghgd`jdgrtm \…[: ºPm \ms `mear9 @aem9 tm mdtrmográ gc egstaoj[:‛ (Jsmgs 7792).  7792).  Ejkj cg kuimr `m cg pgrçhjcg `m Erastj, qum pmr`aõ su kjdm`g, mc Um÷jr mstç `mea`a`j g mdejdtrgr y rmstgurgr g cjs pmeg`jrms  pmr`a`js. Uu vjcudtg` y su prjpõsatj dj pum`md ngccgr. Uu pcgd, `ms`m gdtms `m cg nud`geaõd `mc kud`j, mrg tmdmr udg orgd ngkacag `m bjkhrms, kuimrms, da÷js y da÷gs qum ccmvgrgd cg akgomd `m su qumra`j Baij, y qum ejkpgrtamrgd saocjs mtmrdjs ejd Ác md mc Eamcj. Mstm pcgd dj pum`m nrustrgrsm. G pmsgr `m dumstrj mrrjr, mc Um÷jr yg tmdëg md kmdtm mstm pcgd `m sgcvgrdjs. Djs tjkgrëg, grruadg`js ejkj mstgkjs, y djs bgrëg ejdnjrkms gc ocjrajsj oc jrajsj davmc qum Ác quamrm qum tmdogkjs, pjr su pj`mr. Q pcgdmõ bgemr mstj pjr kuebësakgs  pmrsjdgs. (0) ]dg akgomd rmstgurg`g. Kumstrg g cjs da÷js cj `mscustrg`j qum pum`m mstgr ud trjzj `m pcgtg, `m cg qum gdtaougkmdtm sm bgeëgd

cgs kjdm`gs, y eõkj mstm sm pum`m cakpagr bgstg qum cg akgomd j mc kj`mcj rmpuig`j vumcvm g smr ecgrj y rmejdjeahcm rmej djeahcm (cg kgyjrëg `m cjs kgmstrjs pj`rçd mdejdtrgr j tjkgr prmstg`j ud mspmij `m kgdj, j udg tmtmrg, j ud smrvaccmtmrj, j gcoùd jtrj jhimtj `m pcgtg `m cmy). Gudqum bmkjs ngccg`j, bmkjs egë`j, y sjkjs ghsjcutgkmdtm adegpgems `m ogdgr j kmrmemr ud cuogr md mc Eamcj (pjr km`aj `mc  pgetj `m cgs jhrgs), gùd gsë, md su kgrgvaccjsj kgrgvaccjsj gkjr y kasmraejr`ag, kasmraejr`ag, 8>7  

mc tradj @ajs bg mdejdtrg`j cg njrkg `m sgcvgr y rmstgurgr g kuebgs  pmrsjdgs. Gudqum dj pj`rëgkjs pj`rëgkjs igkçs vjcvmr g suhar cgs msegcmrgs  pgrg ccmogr g @ajs, Ác bg `msemd`a`j pgrg rmejomrdjs rmejomrdjs y ccmvgrdjs g ud cuogr `m pravacmoaj, g smr kamkhrjs `m su ngkacag (utacazg mc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc jtrg vmz). Cg smkgdg prõxakg `mseuhrarmkjs cgs km`a`gs qum tjkg mc Um÷jr pgrg bgemr mstj. pjsahcm ºVjrmstg quáprmoudtg. pmrkataõ Md @ajs cg Egë`g: bgogd prakmr cuogr, Msad`aeg qumqum djcjs djsda÷js tjeg smg djsjtrjs eumstajdgr eumstajdgr cg sgha`urëg `m @ajs. Ác ms mc Gcngrmrj< djsjtrjs, mc hgrrj. ºMspmrgrëgkjs qum ud pgqumtm `m bgradg prjtmstgrg sa mcmoakjs utacazgrcj pgrg bgemr ogccmtgs: Uad mkhgroj, pj`mkjs vmr gcoudgs rgzjdms pjr qum @ajs pu`amsm bghmr pmrkata`j qum mstj jeurramrg, gudqum, sad `u`g, bghrç kuebgs. @a g cjs da÷js qum, sa cg Egë`g `m cg rgzg bukgdg dj buhamsm jeurra`j, dudeg bghrëgkjs sgha`j da djs bghrëgkjs `g`j eumdtg `m bgstg `õd`m mrg @ajs egpgz `m ccmogr ejd tgc `m gsmourgr dumstrg sgcvgeaõd. ^mkjs mc gkjr `m Erastj bgeag djsjtrjs md cj qum mstuvj `aspumstj g bgemr pgrg sgcvgrdjs. Cjs da÷js kçs kgyjrms pum`md egptgr tgkhaád cg akpjrtgdeag `m qum @ajs pmrkatamrg qum cg rgzg bukgdg rmeahamrg ejdjeakamdtj  pcmdj  y cahmrtg` . @ajs bazj g cgs prakmrgs pmrsjdgs cahrms `m `msjhm`memr . @m dj bghmrcj bmebj gsë, mdtjdems md tj`g cg mtmrda`g` mtmrda`g ` dj bghrëgkjs ejdjea`j igkçs cjs pmcaorjs qum akpcaeg cg cahmrtg` tjtgc `m `msjhm`memr. Dj bghrëgkjs sgha`j dudeg qum @ajs ms msmdeagc pgrg dumstrj hamdmstgr. Cg Egë`g num ud suemsj tmrrahcm,  pmrj, pjrqum pjrqum jeurraõ, jeurraõ, dudeg kçs kçs vjcvmrmkjs vjcvmrmkjs g `msmgr cg cahmrtg` `m `msjhm`memr g @ajs, da jcva`grmkjs igkçs qum tj`g cg hjd`g` y cg  hmd`aeaõd prjem`md prjem`md ùdaegkmdtm ùdaegkmdtm `m `m Ác. @mserahm mc ojzj qum mc Um÷jr Imsùs `aij qum bgy md mc Eamcj eugd`j sm mdeumdtrg g ud pmeg`jr qum mstghg pmr`a`j. Md mc Eamcj cgs gcghgdzgs kçs sjdjrgs smrçd pgrg mc Um÷jr Imsùs, mc Ejr`mrj `m

@ajs qum `aj su va`g pgrg qum pu`aásmkjs smr sgcvg`js. Pgc ms mc  pj`mr `mc @ajs tj`jpj`mrjsj, sj, qum pum`m bgemr bgemrqum cgs cg ejsgs `m kgdmrg kgdmr qum tj`j sgcogtj`jpj`mrj hamd, bgstg ejdsaouamd`j Egë`g `m cgg Bukgda`g`, Bukgda`g `, pjr kuy trçoaeg qum numrg, pjr su sgha`urëg sarvg pgrg mxbahar cg `akmdsaõd `m su gkjr y su orgeag, cjs eugcms, `m jtrj kj`j, dj bghrëgkjs ejdjea`j. Dj ms `m mxtrg÷gr qum mc Gpõstjc 8>8  

qum`m mxtgsag`j y mserahg9 –¡Jb prjnud`a`g` `m cgs raqumzgs `m cg sgha`urëg y `m cg eamdeag `m @ajs! ¡Euçd adsjd`ghcms sjd sus iuaeajs, m admserutghcms sus egkadjs!‛ (Xjkgdjs 77955).  77955).  Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc  Pmd g kgdj udg kjdm`g hraccgdtm y rmcueamdtm, y jtrg kuoramdtg y `jhcg`g. Vrjeùrgtm Vrjeùrgt m tgkhaád ud jhimtj `m pcgtg `mscustrg `mscustrg`j `j y ud pg÷j  pgrg cakpagr pcgtg, qum cm `mvjcvmrç `mvjcvmrç su hmccmzg hmccmzg jraoadgc. jraoadgc. CCGKG@JU (727)  Xjkgdjs 2982 ― 5566 (vágdsm tgkhaád jtrjs vmrsëeucjs qum sm kmdeajdgd md cg cmeeaõd) 

Vrjpõsatj9  @mkjstrgr mc orgd gkjr `m @ajs y su kasmraejr`ag gc ccgkgr g cjs pmeg`jrms rmhmc`ms pgrg qum vumcvgd g Ác. ]tacazgd`j mimkpcjs `m cg Hahcag, mstu`agr tgkhaád cg njrkg, mc kjkmdtj y cjs ad`ava`ujs g cjs qum vgd `mstadg`js sus ccgkgkamdtjs omdmrgcms y mnmetavjs, `m udg kgdmrg smdeaccg.  Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd  Kumstrg g cjs da÷js ud orgd sjhrm (ejkj cjs qum sm utacazgd pgrg cgs advatgeajdms, ejd cg sjcgpg grrahg, y prmnmrahcmkmdtm bmebj g kgdj, `m tgc kgdmrg qum ka`g gprjxakg`gkmdtm udjs 0= ß 56 ek). @mspamrtg su eurajsa`g` `aeaád`jcms qum msm sjhrm ejdtamdm gcoudgs `m cgs advatgeajdms kçs akpjrtgdtms `mc kud`j. ¡Ujd `m ud rmy! @mig mc sjhrm gpgrtm pjr ud kjkmdtj y rmnaármcms g cg cmeeaõd `m cg smkgdg pgsg`g. ºXmeumr`gd eõkj cjs bjkhrms y cgs kuimrms, ermg`js pgrg smr baijs m baigs `mc Xmy `m cjs eamcjs, egkhagrjd su akgomd rmgc y `migrjd su gctg pjsaeaõd pgrg egmr md mc pmeg`j y cg vmroómdzg: Adsuctgrjd gc Um÷jr y mkpg÷grjd su akgomd< y gbjrg dj sjd kçs qum pmeg`jrms eucpghcms qum kmrmemd cg arg y mc iuaeaj `m @ajs. (7) ]dg advatgeaõd pgrg tj`js.  ¡Wuá gsjkhrjsj ms cmmr mstgs  pgcghrgs md mc Cahrj `m @ajs (tjkg mc sjhrm)9 –Ua ejdnmsgrms ejd tu

 hjeg qum Imsùs ms mc Um÷jr, y ermymrms md tu ejrgzõd qum @ajs cm cmvgdtõ `m cjsj prjkmsg)9 kumrtjs, smrçs sgcvj‛ (X jkgdjs jqum kgdjs 7691).mcQdjkhrm (sgeg jtrg –advatgeaõd‛ –Q tj`j gqumc advjegrm `mc Um÷jr, smrç sgcvj‛ (Bmebjs 8987). Q jtrg kçs9 –Karg` g kë, y sm` sgcvjs, tj`js cjs tárkadjs `m cg tamrrg, pjrqum yj sjy @ajs, y dj bgy kçs‛ (Asgëgs 0=988).  0=988).  8>5  

Um÷gcg qum msgs kgrgvaccjsgs advatgeajdms sjd pgrg tj`gs cgs  pmrsjdgs (–Pj`js cjs tárkadjs `m cg tamrrg‛). ºMspmrgrëgd cjs da÷js qum cgs pmrsjdgs dj rmeahamsmd msjs ccgkgkamdtjs `m @ajs ejd orgd gcavaj y gcmorëg: @acms qum, cgkmdtghcmkmdtm, mstg dj ms su rmgeeaõd. @mserahm, pjr mimkpcj, cg trastmzg `mc Um÷jr Imsùs eugd`j ejdtmkpcõ cg eau`g` `m Imrusgcád, qum cm bghëg rmebgzg`j (en. Kgtmj 8595?). Uus bghatgdtms sm bghëgd vumctj jrouccjsjs, jrouccjsj s, bapõeratgs y dmeajs< kuy  prjdtj erueanaegrëgd erueanaegrëgd g su Kmsëgs. ¡Euçdtj sm pgrmeëgd g cg omdtm `m bjy! @migd `m cg`j mc kmdsgim `m @ajs< dj cms adtmrmsg< sjd eëdaejs< dj vmd cg dmemsa`g` `m ud Ugcvg`jr y sm vumcvmd ejdtrg Ác. (8) ]d ccgkgkamdtj g vmdar.  Gsmourg g tu ecgsm qum buhj gcoudjs md Imrusgcád qum së sm `amrjd eumdtg `m su dmemsa`g`. Mstjs numrjd tjeg`js md udg njrkg kuy mspmeagc pjr mc ccgkgkamdtj `m Erastj. Md eg`g saocj bgy kuebgs pmrsjdgs qum jymd mc ccgkgkamdtj `m @ajs ejd kuebg ecgra`g`. Um pum`m sghmr quaádms sjd msgs  pmrsjdgs pjrqum, mc ccgkgkamdtj ccgkgkamdtj `m @ajs, mstm  tamdm tamdm ud orgd mnmetj md su eugd`j getatu` yjymd sm ejdvamrtmd md gqumccjs qum… qum…  (g) Pamdmd sm`. Uamdtmd qum dmemsatgd mdjrkmkmdtm mc pmr`õd y udg dumvg va`g< sjd cjs qum dj mstçd sgtasnmebjs ejd cgs ejsgs `m mstm kud`j. Cg advatgeaõd `mc Um÷jr bgem qum `msmmd vmdar g Ác y ejdjemr su pj`mr `m ejdvmrsaõd. Mc Um÷jr `aem9 –G tj`js cjs sm`amdtjs9 ^mda` g cgs gougs‛ (Asgëgs ==97).  ==97).  (h) Ujd bukac`ms. Um U m `gd eumdtg `m qum dj tamdmd dg`g humdj qum kmrmzeg mc ngvjr `m @ajs. Wuamrmd rmeahar ud dumvj ejrgzõd y ud dumvj egrçetmr. Um gcmorgd gc mseuebgr qum cg sgcvgeaõd ms orgtuatg. @ajs `aem9 –Cjs qum dj tamdmd `admrj, vmda`, ejkprg` y ejkm`. ^mda`, ejkprg` sad `admrj y sad prmeaj, vadj y cmebm‛ (Asgëgs ==97). Mc Um÷jr `aem tgkhaád9 –Vjrqum cg pgog `mc pmeg`j ms kumrtm, kgs cg `ç`avg `ç`avg `m @ajs ms va`g mtmrdg md Erastj Imsùs Um÷jr dumstrj‛ (Xjkgdjs >985). (e) Mstçd trghgig`js y egrog`js. Mc Um÷jr cjs ccgkg `aeamd`j9

–^mda` g kë \…[ y yj js bgrá `msegdsgr‛ (Kgtmj 77982). Mstgs  pmrsjdgs `gd eumdtg qum@ajs dj cms pum`md dg`g kmijrms y sm gcegdzgr mc davmc`mqum mxaom.bgemr Mstç tgd gctjpgrg qumsmr sm `msmspmrgd. Mstçd egdsg`js `m su pmeg`j y su nrgegsj, y sm ojzgd gc jër qum Erastj ogdgrç mc Eamcj pgrg mccjs, y cms gyu`grç g egkhagr. 8>0  

(`) @msmgd qum mstm kmdsgim smg vmr`g`. Vum`m qum cjs `aseëpucjs `aseëpuc js `m Iugd mc Hgutastg tuvamsmd `u`gs eugd`j mstm cms sm÷gcõ g Imsùs. ºVj`ëg msm bjkhrm smr mc Kmsëgs: ºGegsj dj mrg ejkj mccjs, `m Ogcacmg: Vmrj `msmghgd qum numsm vmr`g`. Cm prmoudtgrjd `õd`m  pjsghg, y Ác cms bazj mstg kgrgvaccjsg advatgeaõd9 advatgeaõd9 –^mda` y vm`‛ (Iugd 7951). Cjs qum jymd mc ccgkgkamdtj `m @ajs rmspjd`md, ejkj cjs `aseëpucjs `m Iugd, y quamrmd jër kçs. Ms pjsahcm qum cgs `u`gs cms gtgqumd, pmrj `msmgd qum msm kmdsgim smg vmr`g`. Uus gkaojs  pum`md hurcgrsm m adtmdtgr `mskjrgcazgrcjs, pmrj mstçd `mea`a`js g ejkprjhgrcj pjr së kaskjs. Mc Um÷jr kaskj cms advatg g ejkprjhgr, y husegr, y prjhgr, y vmr. Cjs `aseëpucjs dj sm sadtamrjd `mempeajdg`js, pjrqum kuy prjdtj mkpmzgrjd g `mear g jtrjs9 –Bmkjs bgccg`j gc Kmsëgs‛.  Kmsëgs‛.  (5) ºVjr quá –vmdar‛:  Vum`ms rmejr`gr g cjs da÷js qum dj `meakjs –vmd‛ g gcouamd qum yg mstç ejd djsjtrjs. –^md‛ djs rmeumr`g `msvag`j y gcmig`j `m sjkjs @ajs ysus qumbaijs< mstgkjs dj  smpgrg`jsqum `m djs Ác. bmkjs @mhmkjs rmejdjemr qum dj sjkjs erastagdjs< dj  mstgkjs md ejdtgetj ejd Ác, bgstg qum djs ejdvmrtakjs. @mhmkjs rmejdeacagrdjs j vjcvmrdjs g pjdmr md ejdtgetj ejd mc Um÷jr. Q mstj akpcaeg grrmpmdtakamdtj y `migr gtrçs cg gdtaoug njrkg `m va`g. –^md‛ djs `aem qum cg ejdvmrsaõd ejdsastm md ejdsmouar mdejdtrgr y ejdjemr gc Um÷jr< ms udg mxpmramdeag tjtgckmdtm dumvg. Eugd`j jëkjs rmgckmdtm su ccgkgkamdtj, `msmgkjs qum mstg smg dumstrg mxpmramdeag, y rmspjd`mkjs. Jtrj tmxtj `m cg pum`m Hahcagtgkhaád mxprmsgsgcvgr cg advatgeaõd pgcghrgs9 –\Imsuerastj[ pmrpmtugkmejd pmrpmtugkmdtm dtm gmstgs cjs qum pjr ác sm gemregd g @ajs‛ (Bmhrmjs ?98=).  ?98=).  Mc ccgkgkamdtj `m @ajs9 gcoudjs mimkpcjs.   Mstg pgrtm `m cg cmeeaõd pmrkatm g cjs kgmstrjs gdgcazgr gspmetjs ngseadgdtms `mc ccgkgkamdtj `m @ajs. Uaádtmtm cahrm pgrg g`gptgrcj g`gptgrcj g cg m`g` y g cjs ejdjeakamdtjs ejdermtjs `m tu ecgsm. Cjs kgmstrjs `m cgs ecgsms `m cjs kçs pmqum÷js prmnmrarçd utacazgr ud sjcj mimkpcj ngvjratj,

kamdtrgs qum cjs qum tmdogd ecgsms `m da÷js kçs kgyjrms pj`rçd bgemr ud hrmvm gdçcasas `m vgrags va`gs, qum cms bgog rmncmxajdgr. (7) ºVgrg quá ccgkg @ajs g cgs pmrsjdgs:  Ghrgbgk num ccgkg`j g `migr su tamrrg y su pgrmdtmcg ( en. Oádmsas 7897) pgrg ar g udg tamrrg qum @ajs cm mdsm÷grëg. 8>=  

Vm`rj, Gd`rás, Ugdtagoj y Iugd numrjd ccgkg`js g `migr sus rm`ms `m pmsegr pgrg qum mc Um÷jr cms baeamrg pmseg`jrms `m bjkhrms (en.  Kgtmj 0971 ― 88). 88). Mc ijvmd raej num ccgkg`j g vmd`mr tj`j cj qum tmdëg y smouar gc Um÷jr pgrg qum pu`amrg mdejdtrgr ud tmsjrj md mc Eamcj ( en. Cuegs 72988). Mc Um÷jr vamdm g djsjtrjs y djs ccgkg g `migr dumstrgs gkhaeajdms, dumstrgs dumst rgs mspmrgdzgs y dumstrg ejdnagdzg md mstm kud`j, y g `mseuhrar cjs kgrgvaccjsjs prjpõsatjs qum Ác tamdm rmsmrvg`js  pgrg djsjtrjs. djsjtrjs. Ejkj Ejkj gprmd`ak gprmd`akjs js cg smkgdg smkgdg pgsg`g, pgsg`g, su prjpõsatj prjpõsatj ms bgemrdjs ejdnjrkms g cg akgomd `m su Baij, `m kgdmrg kgdm rg qum Ác pum`g smr mc Vrakjoádatj (mc Bmrkgdj kgyjr) `m udg orgd ngkacag md mc Eamcj (en. Xjkgdjs 2981). (8) º@urgdtm euçdtj tamkpj ccgkg: Cg Hahcag djs `g kuebjs mimkpcjs vgrag`js. Gcoudgs pmrsjdgs numrjd ccgkg`js md mc getj, rçpa`gkmdtm, `m rmpmdtm. Vjr mimkpcj9 (g) Ygqumj sm cj pmdsõ pjej9 num pjr eurajsa`g` g vmr g Imsùs y, gdtms `m qum gdjebmeamrg, su va`g yg sm bghëg trgdsnjrkg`j (en. Cuegs 7197 ― 76)< 76)< (h) Cg ejdvmrsaõd `mc cg`rõd kjrahud`j tuvj qum smr dmemsgragkmdtm kuy rçpa`g< (e) Cg kuimr `m Ugkgrag sgcaõ g ccmdgr su eçdtgrj `m goug y vjcvaõ g egsg ejd mc goug `m va`g (en. Iugd 09= ― 56). 56). Eugd`j mc Um÷jr ccgkg, dj `mhmrëgkjs `mkjrgrdjs, pmrj gcoudgs vmems, Ác kumstrg udg orgd  pgeamdeag  `urgdtm ud cgroj pmrëj`j. ºVum`m cg ecgsm pmdsgr md gcoudjs Igejh, g quamd sm cm kjstrõ udg msegcmrg qum ccmoghgmimkpcjs: bgstg mc (g) Eamcj md su prakmrg djebm numrg `m egsg, pmrj mc çdomc tuvj qum cuebgr ejd ác g su rmormsj kuebjs g÷js kçs tgr`m ( en.  Oádmsas 82978< 58980)< (h) Ugcjkõd, qum mkpmzõ ejd gctgs adtmdeajdms, pmrj sm `msvaõ pjr eucpg `m cgs kuimrms y tuvj qum smr rmstgurg`j g÷js kçs tgr`m. Vrmoudtg g cjs da÷js9 ºBg mstg`j mc Um÷jr tjegd`j tu ejrgzõd

`urgdtm gcoùd tamkpj: ºBgs jë`j su ccgkgkamdtj: Xmeuár`gcms qum ms ud gsudtj `m orgd uromdeag, ºpjrqum quaád sghm euçdtj tamkpj mspmrgrç mc Um÷jr: @ajs ms kuy pgeamdtm y hjd`g`jsj, pmrj dj `mhmrëgkjs supjdmr igkçs qum vg g ejdtmdmr mc mdjij pgrg samkprm (en. Ugckj 76591). Nácax sm `mkjrõ, gudqum mc Um÷jr cm bghëg tjeg`j tgdtj qum sm bghëg pumstj g tmkhcgr (en. Bmebjs 8098=), y supjdmkjs qum kuraõ 8>>  

samd`j gùd ud orgd pmeg`jr, y qum tuvj qum mdnrmdtgrsm gc iuaeaj `m @ajs. (5) ºG quaád ccgkg: Kmdeajdg g cjs `js orupjs pradeapgcms `m ad`ava`ujs qum numrjd ccgkg`js pjr cg orgd kasmraejr`ag y orgeag `m @ajs, y `mkumstrg qum Ác ccgkg g tj`j tapj `m pmrsjdgs, g cjs  pmeg`jrms kçs tmrejs y tgkhaád g quamdms gpgrmdtgd smr trgdquacjs y humdjs. Gmc pmsgr mxtrmkg, sjrprmd`mrëg eugcquamrg, Um÷jr `m tjeõsu gkgc`g` Kgdgsás, quamd, qum bghamd`j ejkmta`jg  pmeg`js bjrrahcms, tuvj qum vmrsm bukaccg`j y mdegremcg`j md udg tamrrg mxtrgdimrg gdtms `m rmhgigrsm y rmejdjemr mc ccgkgkamdtj `m @ajs. Jdásakj ms ud mimkpcj `m gcouamd qum bghëg jë`j mc Mvgdomcaj `m cghajs `m ud gkj ejdvmrsj, y qum tjkõ `mcahmrg`gkmdtm mc egkadj ejdtrgraj, gdtms gdt ms `m qum mc Um÷jr vjcvamrg g gsar `m ác. ºVj`rëg bghmr gcoùd ijvmd md cg ecgsm qum mstá cuebgd`j ejdtrg mc ccgkgkamdtj `m @ajs, rmhmcçd`jsm ejdtrg ác md su ejrgzõd y egkadgd`j pjr mc egkadj mquavjeg`j: Ms pjsahcm qum tmdog qum gprmd`mr cmeeajdms cmeeajdms `anëeacms tgkhaád, gdtms `m rmejdjemr gc Um÷jr. Gc jtrj cg`j `mc mspmetrj, cg Hahcag bghcg `m bjkhrms qum dj tuvamrjd udg ejdvmrsaõd mspmetgeucgr, pmrj euyg va`g ejdnarkg qum mc ccgkgkamdtj `m @ajs num kuy prjnud`j y rmgc9 (g) Asgge, qum dudeg sm gcmiõ `m egsg y qum sm gvadj g cjs `msmjs `m su pg`rm, gudqum mrgd `anëeacms (en. Oádmsas 889? ― 76< 76< 809>7 ― >?)< >?)< (h) Imrmkëgs, quamd, gudqum sm smdtëg kuy ijvmd y pjej g`meug`j, num mdvag`j  pjr mc Um÷jr g trgdskatar sus kmdsgims (en.  Imrmkëgs 790 ― 76) 76) y jhm`meaõ g pmsgr `m cg `anaeuctg` `m sus eareudstgdeags. @mhmkjs kmdeajdgr mspmeagckmdtm qum mc Um÷jr ccgkg g kuebjs qum sjd iõvmdms. Mc Um÷jr tuvj qum smr narkm ejd cjs `aseëpucjs eugd`j cjs mdejdtrõ `mspa`amd`j g cjs da÷js. Adsastaõ md qum `mhëgd rmeaharcjs, `aeamd`j9 –@mig`cms vmdar g kë‛ (Kgtmj 71970). Mc Xmy `m rmyms y Um÷jr `m sm÷jrms cjs ccgkg g su Xmadj. Xmadj . Dj pmrkatgs dudeg

qum cjs g`uctjs tm `aogd qum mrms `mkgsag`j ijvmd pgrg mxpmrakmdtgr udg ejdvmrsaõd rmgc y `urg`mrg. (0) ºEõkj ccgkg mc Um÷jr: (g) Vmrsjdgckmdtm. Vjd mc mimkpcj `mc ijvmd Ugkumc, ccgkg`j pjr su djkhrm md katg` `m cg djebm. Mc ccgkgkamdtj `m @ajs ms ud gsudtj pmrsjdgc. Ejdvmrtarsm md ud erastagdj dj ms eumstaõd `m gemptgr udg jpadaõd tmõraeg. Cgs pmrsjdgs 8>?  

dj sjd ccgkg`gs pjr ngkacags, j pjr dgeajdms. Eg`g ad`ava`uj tamdm qum mseuebgr mc ccgkgkamdtj `m @ajs (gudqum dj smg `m kgdmrg gu`ahcm, ecgrj mstç), y mxpmrakmdtgr mc dumvj dgeakamdtj pjr së kaskj (en.  7 Ugkumc 590)< (h) Ejdkjvamd`j dumstrj ejrgzõd. ^jcvmrsm erastagdj ghgreg dumstrg kmdtm, dumstrg vjcudtg` y dumstrj ejrgzõd. Eugd`j djs ccgkg, mc Um÷jr bgem qum gprmeamkjs cj qum Erastj bazj, qum getumkjs (grrmpadtaád`jdjs y pa`amd`j cg sgcvgeaõd) y qum cm gkmkjs. Xmeumr`g g Ca`ag, euyj ejrgzõd @ajs ghraõ  (en.  Bmebjs 7>970)< (e) Kjstrçd`jdjs dumstrg ejd`aeaõd `m  pmeg`jrms. Mc gpõstjc Vm`rj egyõ g cjs pams `mc Um÷jr `aeamd`j9 `aeamd`j9 –Gpçrtgtm `m kë, Um÷jr, pjrqum sjy bjkhrm pmeg`jr‛ (Cuegs =92). =92) . Eugd`j mc Um÷jr kjstrõ g Vghcj (Ugucj, md gqumc kjkmdtj) euçdtgs –ejems  \bghëg `g`j[ ejdtrg mc gouaiõd‛  (Bmebjs 19=), mstm oratõ9 –Um÷jr, ºquá quamrms qum yj bgog:‛ (Bmebjs 19>).  19>).  (=) ºEõkj `mhmkjs rmspjd`mr:  Xmsukm cg jhrg `mc Mspëratu Ugdtj(g) `m @ajs, qum djs ejd`uem gc grrmpmdtakamdtj grrmpmdtakam cg nm, bgeamd`j qum9 djs grrmpadtgkjs prjnud`gkmdtm y dtj djsy gpgrtmkjs `mc  pmeg`j y `m cg vamig va`g, y (h) ermgkjs y pjdogkjs pjdogkjs dumstrg ejdnagdzg md mc Ugcvg`jr y md tj`j cj qum bazj pjr djsjtrjs md cg Eruz `mc Egcvgraj. ]dg vmz djs bg ccgkg`j, djs mdsm÷g eõkj sjkjs  iustanaeg`js g cjs sgdtjs jijs `m @ajs (pjrqum dumstrj grrmpmdtakamdtj grrmpmdtakam dtj y dumstrg nm dj djs djs sgcvgd). Cg njrkg mxtrgjr`adgrag md qum mc Um÷jr djs sgcvg y djs iustanaeg, ejdvartamd`j g cjs  pmeg`jrms eucpghcms eucpghcms md –sgdtjs adjemdtms‛, adjemdtms‛, ms mc tmkg `m cg cmeeaõd `m cg prõxakg smkgdg. Kamdtrgs adstgadvatgeajdms, g cjs da÷js cg g qum `md  prajra`g` g cg kçs prmstaoajsg `m tgdtj, tj`gs cgs `mc Xmy `mc Eamcj. Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc  Ejdsaoum mc sjhrm orgd`m `mseratj md cg cmeeaõd, `mc qum sm sgegrçd cgs tgrimtgs akprmsgs ejd cgs advatgeajdms `mc Mvgdomcaj. Um pum`md kjstrgr akçomdms `m cgs pmrsjdgs euyg rmspumstg gc ccgkgkamdtj `m

@ajs sm prmsmdtg md cg cmeeaõd, qum smrçd ud mcmkmdtj `m adtmrás g÷g`a`j. Kuebjs `m mstjs gpgrmemd md cgs cçkadgs `mc  Hahcm  Cmgrdado Ejursm \Eursj `m gprmd`azgim hëhcaej[. hëhcaej[. I]UPANAEG@JU (728)  Xjkgdjs 2956  8>2  

Vrjpõsatj9 @mserahar y mxpcaegr, pjr km`aj `m sakpcms `agorgkgs m akçomdms, cg kgrgvaccg `m cj qum sm ccmvõ g eghj md cg Eruz `mc Egcvgraj pgrg dumstrg iustanaegeaõd, y ejdvmdemr g cjs da÷js `m qum su ùdaeg mspmrgdzg mstç gccë.  Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd  Egë`js. Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum cg rgzg bukgdg, bmebg g akgomd `m @ajs, egyõ mdvasugc mc pmeg`j y cgp. vmroómdzg (rmprmsmdtg`g md cg mc ejkpcmkmdtj E^ 78, 8>?). Md cuogr `m rmncmigr gkghaca`g` `m dumstrj Bgem`jr, su rmetatu`, y su hjd`g`, mte., djs bmkjs rmhmcg`j y djs bmkjs gpgrtg`j `m Ác (ejkj cg kjdm`g `mc mimkpcj), y su akgomd md djsjtrjs sm bg `msnaourg`j y mkpg÷g`j. ºWuá bgrç @ajs ejd djsjtrjs: ºUm gargrç, djs grrjigrç gc Adnamrdj y egstaogrç dumstrg eucpg mtmrdgkmdtm: º@mhmrëgkjs prmjeupgrdjs: Mstm gtmrrg`jr mstg`j `m ejsgs dj  prmjeupg kuebj g cg omdtm `m bjy. Md cjs saocjs pgsg`js, kuebjs sm prmjeupghgd y tmkëgd (bgstg cjs da÷js pmqum÷js), pmqu m÷js), pmrj gbjrg sjd kuy pjejs cjs qum sm prmjeupgd. ºVjr quá: Vjrqum kuebjs9 (g) Ujd gtmjs j pmrsjdgs `msprmjeupg`gs. Dj ermmd qum @ajs mxastg. Gcoudjs `aemd9 –Mstjy `asnrutgd`j `m ka va`g, `m kj`j qum dj km kjcmstms ejd pmdsgkamdtjs `m kumrtm y iuaeaj‛. G mstjs `mhmkjs `mearcms9 –Qg smg qum ermgs md @ajs j qum dj, j qum dj  pamdsms dudeg md Ác, cjs bmebjs sjd cjs kaskjs. Ác mstç gbë y djs bg g`vmrta`j qum ud `ëg tj`js `mhmrmkjs ejkpgrmemr gdtm su trjdj en.  8mmcc Ejradtajs `m iuaeaj‛ (gdtm ud ç`mcadeumdtm damog g  prmsmdtgrsm trahudgc, trahudgc, cg=976). pjcaeëg pjcaeëgUamstgrç mstgr `m adkm`agtjsmccgkgd`j g su pumrtg ejd udg jr`md `m grrmstj. @m dg`g dg `g smrvarç qum `aog9 –¡Dj ermj md cjs trahudgcms da md cjs kgoastrg`js!‛. Adtmdtgr ejdvmdemrdjs g djsjtrjs kaskjs `m qum dj bgy @ajs (gudqum mstmkjs rj`mg`js `m prumhgs `m su mxastmdeag) dj egkhag mc bmebj `m qum Ác mxastm y `m qum trgtgrç ejd djsjtrjs. (h) Pamdmd su prjpag iustaeag. Jtrjs `aemd9 –Qj dj ermj qum smg

 pmeg`jr. Md eugcquamr egsj, egsj, ermj qum qum pum`j bgemr bgemr cj dmemsgraj dmemsgraj pgrg qum @ajs km gemptm. Ua bm egë`j, pum`j vjcvmr g suhar ejd hgstgdtm ngeaca`g`. @ajs pgsgrç pjr gctj kas pjejs mrrjrms y mstgrç ejdtmdtj ejd kas msnumrzjs‛. G mstjs, `mhmkjs `mearcms qum dudeg bgd egptg`j euçcms sjd cjs gctjs davmcms qum @ajs mxaom, da bgd pmreaha`j ud sjcj gtashj `mc Eamcj. Dj bgd vastj cj bmrkjsj, pmrnmetj, sgdtj, 8>1  

 humdj y kgrgvaccjsj qum ms msm cuogr. Gudqum cgs pmrsjdgs cj adtmdtmd ejd tj`gs sus numrzgs, dudeg sm cms pmrkatarç mdtrgr md msm bjogr `m @ajs, pjrqum mdsmoua`g qum`grëgd gc `mseuhamrtj sus orgd`ms `mnmetjs y sus j`ajsjs pmeg`js. Ejkpgrg g mstm tapj `m pmrsjdg ejd ud kuebgebj (j kuebgebg) qum gcgr`mg gdtm sus ngkacagrms y gkaojs `aeamd`j qum vg g smr ká`aej, iumz, nuthjcastg adtmrdgeajdgc, mte.,`mpmrj qum sm qum`g kuy egccg`j eugd`j sm gdudeagd cjs rmsuctg`js rmsuctg `js cjs mxçkmdms j eugd`j su djkhrm da saquamrg sm mdeumdtrg md cg castg `m g`kata`js md mc mquapj H `m cg mseumcg. Eugd`j djs mxgkadgkjs smoùd cgs cmyms `m @ajs, djs `gkjs eumdtg `m qum tj`js mstgkjs –`mstatua`js `m cg  ocjrag `m @ajs‛ @ajs‛ (Xjkgdjs 5985). Dudeg ejdsmouarmkjs qum sm djs egcanaqum ejkj gptjs pgrg mc Eamcj. (e) Ujd jptakastgs y supmrnaeagcms. Jtrj orupj `m pmrsjdgs `arç9 –Qj ermj qum @ajs ms gkjr y qum jcva`grç tj`js dumstrjs pmeg`js< cj pgsg`j, pgsg`j mstç. @ajs `migrç qum tj`js mdtrmkjs md mc Eamcj‛. Mstgs pmrsjdgs pamdsgd qum sus jpadajdms sjd kmijrms qum cj qum @ajs kaskj djs bg `aebj gemreg `m së kaskj9 (7) @ajs ms iustj. Kumstrg qum, g pmsgr `m su s u gkjr, @ajs dj pum`m getugr md mstg njrkg tgd adnjrkgc. Ác ms ud @ajs mtmrdj qum ojhamrdg mc tamkpj y cg mtmrda`g` md iustaeag< dj ms ud sakpcm bjkhrm kjrtgc. Gsë ejkj cjs vagimrjs dmemsatgd cg `jeukmdtgeaõd dmemsgrag pgrg  iustanaegr su mdtrg`g md jtrj pgës, Ác adsastm md qum tj`j gqumc qum mdtrm md su Xmadj smg pmrnmetgkmdtm humdj y iustj. Ejkj djsjtrjs dj eukpcakjs msgs ejd`aeajdms, @ajs kaskj tamdm qum –iustanaegr‛ g tj`js cjs qum `msmgd mdtrgr md su Eamcj. Uad mkhgroj, dumstrj  pmeg`j bg ermg`j ud orgd prjhcmkg bgstg pgrg mc @ajs tj`jpj`mrjsj, pjrqum9 (8) Ác gkg cg Iustaeag.  Gudqum @ajs, pjr su orgd gkjr, mstç `msmgd`j bgemr cgs pgems ejd cjs qum md mc pgsg`j cm rmebgzgrjd y sm rmhmcgrjd ejdtrg Ác, ejd tj`j, tgkhaád ms  iustj y dj pum`m hgigr

mc davmc `m sus mxaomdeags pgrg qum pj`gkjs mdtrgr md mc Eamcj. Cjs kgmstrjs gecgrgr pudtj g `m cg udg ecgsmmseumcg ejd ud`mseuhrm mimkpcjqum `m mstm tapj9 pj`rëgd Uupjdogkjs qummstm mc `armetjr ud kuebgebj ccmvg eaogrraccjs md mc hjcsaccj. Wuazç cm `á cçstakg mstm jnmdsjr md pgrtaeucgr, y tgc vmz cm oustgrëg pgsgr pjr gctj mc gsudtj. Vmrj, sa cj baeamrg, cg djtaeag sm `anud`arëg pjr tj`g cg mseumcg y cjs 8?6  

`mkçs da÷js `grëgd pjr smdtg`j qum dj bgy dg`g `m kgcj md nukgr. @ajs sjstamdm mc udavmrsj ejd su sgdta`g` y dj pum`m pmrkatar dudeg qum mc pmeg`j sm pgsm pjr gctj j qum qum`m sad egstaoj. @ajs j`ag mc  pmeg`j (y tj`j su mojëskj, vajcmdeag, gvgraeag y ngcsm`g`) y dj  pum`m pgsgrcj pgsgrcj pjr gctj da jcva`grcj. (5) Ác ms cg ^mr`g`.  Gudqum @ajs mstá `msmgd`j kjstrgr ^mr`g`. kasmraejr`ag, tgkhaád ms cg Ác  G `anmrmdeag pmrsjdgs qum bghatgd sjhrm cg Pamrrg, tamdm adtmora`g`. Dj `m `aemcgsudg ejsg y cumoj bgem jtrg. Dj bgem prjkmsgs ud g÷j y gc saouamdtm cgs rjkpm. Uu Vgcghrg `mhm pmrkgdmemr, y bg `aebj qum mc gckg gc kg qum pmqum `mhm kjrar (en. Oádmsas 897?< Mzmquamc 7290 ― 86). 86). Ác dj pum`m qumhrgdtgr su Vgcghrg. Mdtjdems, ºeõkj pum`m @ajs smouar samd`j iustj, y gc kaskj tamkpj kjstrgrdjs kasmraejr`ag: ºEõkj pum`m mxtmd`mr su kasmraejr`ag g cjs pmeg`jrms y smouar ejdsmrvgd`j su ^mr`g`: Vgrmem qum mstm prjhcmkg dj tamdm sjcueaõd, da saquamrg pgrg @ajs. ºBgy gcoudg mspmrgdzg pgrg djsjtrjs: Cg sghag sjcueaõd `m @ajs. @mig ud kjkmdtj g cjs da÷js pgrg qum ejdsa`mrmd mc `acmkg< cumoj mshjzg cg sjrprmd`mdtm sjcueaõd `mc Um÷jr, gejr`g`g pjr cg @avada`g` gc ejkpcmtj gdtms `m cg nud`geaõd `mc kud`j. Cg Eruz `mc Egcvgraj y tj`j cj qum mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj bazj gccë pjr djsjtrjs bgemd qum @ajs smg9 (g) Iustj, y mc qum iustanaeg g tj`j gqumc qum ermm (en. Xjkgdjs

598>). Mxpcaeg qum,mc vadamd`j Ác kaskj mstm Baij) kud`j, y vavamd`j udg va`g pmrnmetg, Um÷jr Imsùs (qum mrgg@ajs pu`j ccmvgr mc egstaoj `m dumstrj pmeg`j sjhrm së kaskj, –mc iustj ius tj pjr cjs adiustjs‛ (7 Vm`rj 5972). Vgoõ dumstrj pmeg`j y eukpcaõ gsë mc rmquasatj cmogc `m @ajs md dumstrj djkhrm. Vjr su jnrmd`g pmrnmetg `m iustaeag, bazj cjs –káratjs‛ dmemsgrajs pgrg qum tj`j su pumhcj sgcvg`j pu`amsm mdtrgr md mc Xmadj `m @ajs. Num ejkj sa mc iumz kaskj pgogrg mc egstaoj j cg kuctg qum cg smdtmdeag cm `mpgrghg gc trgdsormsjr. @m

mstm kj`j, cg Cmy num sgtasnmebg, y mc trgdsormsjr num `mecgrg`j9 –¡Adjemdtm!‛.   –¡Adjemdtm!‛.  (h) Mc @ajs `m iustaeag y pgz.  Md cg Eruz `mc Egcvgraj, mc Ugcvg`jr sadtaõ mc `jcjr `m eg`g udj `m dumstrjs pmeg`js (pjr mimkpcj, eg`g kmdtarg, eg`g `msmj gvgraeajsj, eg`g pmdsgkamdtj `m j`aj, eg`g getj `m rmebgzj jrouccjsj bgeag @ajs), y ccmvõ tj`j mc 8?7  

egstaoj qum kmrmeëg eg`g udj `m mccjs. @m mstg kgdmrg, cg  iustaeag  `m @ajs qum`õ sgtasnmebg. Ejkj rmsuctg`j, Ác ms cahrm `m bgemr cgs  pgems  ejd gqumccjs qum, `mspuás `m bghmrsm rmhmcg`j ejdtrg Ác y bghmrsm ejdvmrta`j md mdmkaojs ejd`mdg`js, gbjrg ejdnëgd md Erastj y cm gkgd. Cg Hahcag `aem qum –cg kasmraejr`ag y cg vmr`g` sm mdejdtrgrjd< cg iustaeag y cg pgz sm hmsgrjd‛ (Ugckj 2=976).  2=976).     Mdtrmoçd`jsm (e) Mc cg@ajs `m   vmr`g` vmr`g`  djsjtrjs, `m @ajs y(`mkasmraejr`ag. qum ejd`mdgrëg y egstaogrëgpjr mc  pmeg`j) pmrkgdmem pmrkgdmem mtmrdgkmdtm narkm y vmrgz. Gc kaskj tamkpj, gbjrg pum`m `mrrgkgr su kasmraejr`ag sjhrm g`uctjs, da÷js y da÷gs. – Cg kasmraejr`ag y cg vmr`g` sm mdejdtrgrjd‛ (Ugckj 2=976). Md cg Eruz `mc Egcvgraj, mc Um÷jr `mkjstrõ `m udg vmz y pgrg samkprm su j`aj bgeag mc pmeg`j, gc dj gbjrrgr g su prjpaj Baij gkg`j cgs ejdsmeumdeags `mc kaskj. Mc Um÷jr Imsùs ccmvõ tj`js dumstrjs  pmeg`js y pgoõ pgoõ mc prmeaj pjr pjr mccjs ejkpcmtgkmdtm. ejkpcmtgkmdtm. (@a g cjs da÷js kçs pmqum÷js qum tj`js cjs trgpjs sueajs `m dumstrjs pmeg`js numrjd pumstjs sjhrm mc Ugcvg`jr eugd`j ejcoghg `m cg eruz, y qum sunraõ ud egstaoj tmrrahcm gccë pjr djsjtrjs. Gc kaskj tamkpj, tj`gs sus bmrkjsgs vmsta`urgs `m hjd`g` pgsgrjd g sus baijs, pgrg qum pu`amrgd mstgr md pam `mcgdtm `mc trjdj `m iuaeaj `m @ajs, ejdnag`gkmdtm y sad smdtar vmroómdzg). Gyu`g g cjs da÷js pgrg qum gprmeamd cg orgd sgha`urëg `m @ajs gc ejdemhar mstm sjrprmd`mdtm pcgd `m sgcvgeaõd. Gyù`gcms g gprmeagr su kgrgvaccjsj gkjr y su ocjrajsg orgeag gc ccmvgrcj g eghj. Bgstg eugd`j gùd árgkjs pmeg`jrms, eugd`j cm j`açhgkjs y cuebçhgkjs ejdtrg Ác, djs hurcçhgkjs `m Ác, mte., mc Um÷jr Imsùs vadj vjcudtgragkmdtm g mstm kud`j y `miõ qum bjkhrms pmrvmrsjs cm gprmsgrgd y cm erueanaegrgd, pgrg qum pu`aásmkjs smr pmr`jdg`js y rmstgurg`js. Cg akgoadgeaõd bukgdg dudeg bghrëg pj`a`j a`mgr ud  pcgd gsë. Jtrgs rmcaoajdms djs `aemd9 –Uá humdj, j dj pj`rmkjs pj`rmkjs gyu`grtm‛.. Ujcj cg Hahcag djs bghcg `mc @ajs `m orgeag qum sunraõ md gyu`grtm‛ md

dumstrj cuogr. Vrmoudtg g cg ecgsm9 ºVj`rëg mxastar ud gkjr kgyjr qum mstm: Uad `u`g, cg Hahcag mxpcaeg cj qum ms mc vmr`g`mrj gkjr ejd mstgs pgcghrgs9 –Dj \ms[ qum djsjtrjs bgygkjs gkg`j g @ajs, sadj qum ác djs gkõ g djsjtrjs, y mdvaõ g su Baij md prjpaeageaõd  pjr dumstrjs dumstrjs pmeg`js‛ (7 Iugd Iugd 0976).  0976).  8?8  

ºUjd tj`js pmr`jdg`js:  Vgrg qum cjs da÷js dj susparmd `m gcavaj, y pamdsmd qum gbjrg tj`j mstç hamd, `mhmkjs `mhm kjs sm÷gcgr qum mstj dj saodanaeg qum @ajs vgyg g pmr`jdgr pjr aougc g tj`g cg pjhcgeaõd kud`agc, ermymdtms y dj ermymdtms. ]tacazg cgs pgcghrgs `m Vghcj9 –Cg iustaeag `m @ajs pjr km`aj `m cg nm md Imsuerastj \ms[ pgrg tj`js  CJU W]M EXMMD‛  (Xjkgdjs 5988). Gsakaskj, mc Um÷jr `aij9 –Vgrg qum tj`j gqumc qum md ác EXMM, dj sm pamr`g, kgs tmdog va`g mtmrdg‛ (Iugd 597>). 597>). Gqumccjs qum rmebgzgd gc Ugcvg`jr `mhmd smr  iuzog`js pjr su pmeg`j dj dj pmr`jdg`j pmr`jdg`j (en. Iugd 78902). ºVjr quá cg iustanaegeaõd ms pjr nm, y dj pjr jhrgs:  Pmdmr nm md mc Um÷jr Imsùs saodanaeg qum rmejdjemkjs dumstrjs prjpajs mrrjrms y dumstrg `msmspmrgeaõd< ms mc km`aj pjr mc eugc pjdmkjs dumstrg ejdnagdzg y mspmrgdzg mdtmrgkmdtm md mc `jd `m cg orgeag `m @ajs. –Vjr orgeag sjas sgcvjs VJX KM@AJ @M CG NM‛ (Mnmsajs 892). Cg nm md mc Um÷jr Imsùs ms cg njrkg md qum vmdakjs bukac`mkmdtm Ácdumstrj pgrg rmeahar cg jnrmd`g `m iustaeag `m nm dumstrj Ugcvg`jr, bmebgg md djkhrm, y `mpmd`mr `m mccg. Cg `aem9 –Ermj qum, eugd`j Imsùs kuraõ md cg Eruz, bazj tj`j cj dmemsgraj  pgrg sgcvgrkm sgcvgrkm pgrg samkprm. samkprm. Dj sm dmemsatg dg`g dg`g kçs‛.  kçs‛.  Vghcj `aem qum cg sgcvgeaõd –dj \ms[ pjr jhrgs, pgrg qum dg`am sm ocjrëm‛ (Mnmsajs 891).  891).  Iustanaeg`js9 ºEõkj jeurrm mstj: @mserahm cg mxpmramdeag qum vavmd tj`js cjs qum sm bukaccgd y rmeahmd mc gkjr `mc Ugcvg`jr, ghgd`jdgd`j tj`g igetgdeag jrouccjsg `m prmtmd`mr suhar gc Eamcj  pjr sus prjpags numrzgs, y ermymd`j ejd tj`j mc ejrgzõd qum mc Um÷jr `msemd`aõ pgrg rmsegtgrcms. rmsegtg rcms. Md msm kjkmdtj, sjd pmr`jdg`js pjr ud `mermtj `mc Eamcj. Ujd `mecgrg`js cakpajs, ejkj sa dj buhamsmd  pmeg`j dudeg. dudeg. Mstj ms smr –iustanaeg`j‛. –iustanaeg`j‛. Cg Cg egrog `mc pmeg`j egm `m sus bjkhrjs. Ujd rmejdeacag`js ejd @ajs, y su gkjr cjs mdvumcvm. @ms`m msm kaskj adstgdtm, Ác cms `grç cjs hmdmnaeajs y cgs rmejkpmdsgs mtmrdgs qum bghrëgd ejrrmspjd`a`j g udgs pmrsjdgs

qum dudeg buhamsmd pmeg`j y qum sm buhamsmd kmrmea`j mc Eamcj. Eamc j. Um cms quatg cg ejd`mdg `avadg y sm cms ejdem`m mc rmejdjeakamdtj `m tj`js sus pravacmoajs. Mstj ms cg iustanaegeaõd (en. Xjkgdjs =97 ― 5). 5). Gc kaskj tamkpj, su `urj ejrgzõd `m pam`rg ms quatg`j, y rmeahmd ud orgd gkjr omduadj bgeag @ajs. Gbjrg `msmgd gorg`gr y jhm`memr 8?5  

gc Ugcvg`jr, y mc Mspëratu Ugdtj mkpamzg cg jhrg trgdsnjrkg`jrg md su egrçetmr y ejd`uetg. Vrmoudtg g cjs da÷js sa bgd tmda`j gcoudg vmz mstg mxpmramdeag. Ua dj cg bgd tmda`j, ëdstgcms g pmdsgr smragkmdtm md msm orgd `ëg md qum tj`js tmd`rmkjs qum prmsmdtgrdjs `mcgdtm `mc Um÷jr. ¡Wuá trçoaej smrëg sa cjs qum bgd jë`j gemreg `m cg iustanaegeaõd tuvamrgd qum ejkpgrmemr mc @ajs tj`jpj`mrjsj vmsta`js su eucpg  pjr bghmrsm gdtm dmog`j g mseuebgr y g tjkgrsm md gùd smrajejd cg eumstaõd. Mxbjrtg g tj`js cjs qum gcmogd qum mstçd husegd`j gc Um÷jr, pmrj qum saoumd tmdamd`j `u`gs `m bghmrcm mdejdtrg`j, g qum karmd kçs gccç `m së kaskjs, y g qum pjdogd sus jijs md mc Um÷jr y md su sjrprmd`mdtm gkjr. Gcamdtg g cjs iõvmdms ermymdtms rmejr`çd`jcms mc orgd pravacmoaj y cg adkmdsg pgz qum jnrmem mc Ugcvg`jr. Ua sjd iustanaeg`js pjr Erastj, ºeõkj pj`rç dg`am geusgrcms kçs `m pmeg`j gcoudj: ºWuaád  pj`rç smpgrgrcjs igkçs `mc gkjr `mc Ugcvg`jr: Ugcvg`jr: ¡Dj! Md tj`gs cgs `anaeuctg`ms `m cg va`g, y md km`aj `m tj`g cg jpjsaeaõd `m Ugtgdçs, smrçd kçs qum vmdem`jrms vmdem`jrm s pjr km`aj `m Gqumc qum cjs gkõ (rmsukm Xjkgdjs 2957 ― 51). 51). Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc  @m udg egrtucadg rëoa`g, rmejrtg eugtrj njrkgs `m ncmebg ejd ud gstac gdebj. Md eg`g ncmebg, mserahm udg `m cgs pgcghrgs saouamdtms md cg  pgrtm nrjdtgc y pjstmrajr9 I]UPAEAG, VGY, ^MX@G@, KAUMXAEJX@AG. Pjkg cgs ncmebgs `jd`m mstçd mseratgs cgs pgcghrgs –I]UPAEAG‛ y –VGY‛, y `arëomcgs eg`g udg bgeag ud cg`j. Bgz cj kaskj ejd cgs ncmebgs `jd`m pjdm –KAUMXAEJX@AG‛ y –^MX@G@‛. Kamdtrgs `mserahms eõkj mc Egcvgraj bazj pjsahcm qum cg Iustaeag y cg Vgz sm mdejdtrgrgd (en. Ugckj 2=976), `g cg vumctg g cgs ncmebgs pgrg qum gbjrg sm÷gcmd cg udg bgeag cg jtrg. @m cg kaskg kgdmrg, `araom cgs

ncmebgs `jd`m `aem ^MX@G@ y KAUMXAEJX@AG cg udg bgeag cg jtrg. G@JVPG@JU (Q UGDPANAEG@JU) (725)  Xjkgdjs 2970 ― 87< 87< vágsm tgkhaád Jsmgs 8985  Vrjpõsatj9 @mserahar cjs kgrgvaccjsjs kgrgvaccjsjs gtrahutjs `m @ajs, gprmeag`js gprmeag`js  pjr tj`js gqumccjs qum sjd g`jptg`js md su ngkacag. @m mstg kgdmrg, 8?0  

cjs dj ermymdtms pj`rçd vmr cgs orgd`ms vmdtgigs `m vjcvmrsm bgeag Ác. Cjs iõvmdms ermymdtms pj`rçd gprmeagr cg sgha`urëg `mc Um÷jr y sus egkadjs pgrg rmnjrkgr sus va`gs.  Adtrj`ueeaõd pgrg cjs kgmstrjs  Cg akgomd `m cg g`jpeaõd sm utacazg md cg Hahcag pgrg `mserahar cg dumvg pjsaeaõd `mc erastagdj trgs cg ejdvmrsaõd. Cg g`jpeaõd bg sa`j samkprmUad udgmkhgroj, prjvasaõd kgrgvaccjsg pgrg da÷js qumcgdj tamdmd  pg`rms. mkhgroj , `g`j `g`j mc mstg`j md qumcjs sm mdeumdtrg sjeam`g` md cg getugca`g`, ms kmijr kgdtmdmr mstg cmeeaõd mstraetgkmdtm `mdtrj `mc ejdtmxtj `m cjs tamkpjs hëhcaejs. @m kgdmrg sakacgr, gc `mserahar cgs vartu`ms `m ud pg`rm, `mhmrëgkjs em÷ardjs gc `acaomdtm  pg`rm `m msg cmigdg sjeam`g` rurgc. Mstj mvatgrç qum djs vmgkjs md gpurjs j qum mdtrastmzegkjs g gcoùd kamkhrj `m cg ecgsm qum  prjem`g `m udg ngkacag rjtg, sad pg`rm (mstg satugeaõd ms kuy bghatugc).  Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd 

^jcvamd`j gc ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc `m cg smram, rmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum cjs smrms bukgdjs, ermg`js g akgomd `m @ajs, egymrjd `m msg  pjsaeaõd mcmvg`g y qum`grjd suka`js md mc pmeg`j. Cumoj, rmeuár`gcms cgs km`a`gs qum @ajs tjkg pgrg rmstgurgr g ud orgd dùkmrj `m pmrsjdgs md eg`g saocj. Ác cjs ccgkg, udj pjr udj (mstj ms udg jhrg mspmeagc `m su Mspëratu Ugdtj), y cjs sgcvg y  iustanaeg  (pjr km`aj `m cg kumrtm `mc Um÷jr Imsùs md cg Eruz `mc Egcvgraj). Md mstg cmeeaõd gprmd`mrmkjs eõkj @ajs cjs g`jptg md su ngkacag emcmstagc y cjs prmpgrg pgrg mc `ëg md qum cjs ocjranaegrç md msm pgës emcmstagc. Vrmoudtg g cjs da÷js sa bgd vastj akçomdms md tmcmvasaõd `jd`m sm kumstrm g ud orgd dùkmrj `m da÷js qum sm bgygd qum`g`j buárngdjs  pjr cg oumrrg, y qum bgygd sa`j bgeadg`js bgeadg`js md md egkpjs egkpjs `m rmnuoag`js. rmnuoag`js. Ejd sumrtm sm cms `grç gcakmdtj y vmsta`j, pmrj su nuturj ms sjkhrëj, sad pg`rms qum cms eua`md. Ujcj udjs eugdtjs gnjrtudg`js smrçd

g`jptg`js pjr udg ngkacag dgturgc.

G`jpeaõd tmkprgdg.  ]dg vmz adtrj`uea`j mc tmkg, vumcvm g  pm`ar g cg ecgsm qum vagim ejd cg akgoadgeaõd pgrg vasatgr g udg ngkacag `mc tamkpj `m cg Hahcag. Vghcj kmdeajdg mstm gsudtj eugd`j mserahm g cjs rjkgdjs, pjrqum cg g`jpeaõd mrg udg prçetaeg qum cms rmsuctghg kuy ejdjea`g. Akgoadg qum mc baij `m ud samrvj sm bg 8?=  

qum`g`j buárngdj. Gbjrg sm mdnrmdtg g udg va`g `m adsmoura`g` y `m pravgeajdms. Vmrj mstm kuebgebj ms g`jptg`j pjr udg ngkacag  prõspmrg, qum`g caog`j g mccg pjr ud `jeukmdtj cmogc, y ms mcmoa`j  pgrg pgsgr g njrkgr pgrtm `m cg kaskg. Pj`js cjs pravacmoajs prjpajs `m cgs ngkacags rjkgdgs cahrms pmrtmdmemd gbjrg g msm kuebgebj, euyjs pg`rms gdtmrajrms dj bghëgd sa`j kçs qum sarvamdtms. Mc da÷j  pum`m gbjrg ejrrmr g cg bghatgeaõd `m sus dumvjs pg`rms oratgd`j9 –¡Vg`rm!‛. Qg dj ms ud sarvamdtm, sadj ud baij y ud bmrm`mrj. Gbjrg ermem iudtj g bmrkgdjs y bmrkgdgs qum cj gemptgd ejkj udj kçs, y ejkpgrtarç ejd mccjs cgs vmdtgigs `m cg m`uegeaõd y cg njrkgeaõd qum cms ejrrmspjd`m (cjs da÷js rmejr`grçd qum Kjasás ermeaõ ejkj ud prëdeapm, md cg egsg `m Ngrgõd, g`jptg`j pjr cg baig `m mstm). G`jpeaõd emcmstagc.  Eumdtg g cg ecgsm qum tj`js cjs erastagdjs vavmd udg mxpmramdeag sakacgr. Ejkj dj ermymdtms, dj tamdmd ud Vg`rm msparatugc, y `mhmd mdnrmdtgrsm g cg va`g sjcjs. Dj tamdmd rmcgeaõd ejd @ajs< `m `ëg bmebj, ms su mdmkaoj. mccjs eumdtgs. Ác ms ejkj ud `urj targdj qum ud cjs ccgkgrç pgrg qumVgrg cm rad`gd Dj tamdmd pravacmoajs msparatugcms, da bmrmdeag nuturg, da ngkacag. Vmrj mdtjdems mc Um÷jr cjs ccgkg pgrg qum sgcogd `m msm kud`j kgcaodj  y pmrvmrsj (en. Nacapmdsms 897=< 8 Ejradtajs >97? ― 72), 72), y sm ejdvamrtm md su Vg`rm, y mccjs pgsgd g smr sus baijs m baigs. Mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj (mc mtmrdj Baij `m @ajs) sm ejdvamrtm md su Bmrkgdj kgyjr, y mccjs tjkgd su cuogr mdtrm cjs `mkçs kamkhrjs `m cg ngkacag kud`agc `mc Um÷jr. @mserahm g tu ecgsm cg kgrgvaccg `m cg ejdvmrsaõd erastagdg md mstjs tárkadjs. Mc Um÷jr dj sjcj pmr`jdg dumstrjs pmeg`js, sadj qum djs smccg ejd mc pgrmea`j `m cg ngkacag y djs ejdem`m tj`js cjs  pravacmoajs ngkacagrms, y su mspmeagc eua`g`j y gtmdeaõd `urgdtm mc rmstj `m dumstrjs `ëgs sjhrm cg Pamrrg. Mc pgpmc `mc pg`rm9 (g) Mrg quamd tjkghg cgs `measajdms. ^grëg cjs mimkpcjs y cg mxpjsaeaõd smoùd cg m`g` `m tu ecgsm, y mxpcaeg

eõkj mc pg`rm, md cjs tamkpjs gdtaoujs, tmdëg kuebgs egrgetmrëstaegs qum mimkpcanaegd cg getatu` `m dumstrj Vg`rm emcmstagc, sa ms qum bmkjs sa`j g`jptg`js pjr Ác y bmkjs pgsg`j g njrkgr pgrtm `m su ngkacag. ]d pg`rm pcgdanaeghg sghagkmdtm, y mrg rmspjdsghcm `m cg  pjcëtaeg ngkacagr9 `õd`m `mhëgd vavar, quá orgdjs `mhëgd euctavgr, quá `mhëgd ejkprgr, y euçd`j `mhëgd gbjrrgr. Ua tjkghg cg `measaõd `measa õd mquavjeg`g, tj`g cg ngkacag sunrëg pjr mccj. Dj bghëg pcgdms 8?>  

ouhmrdgkmdtgcms `m hamdmstgr sjeagc qum gyu`grgd g cgs pmrsjdgs md gqumccjs `ëgs. Xmeumr`g g cjs da÷js cg `msgstrjsg `measaõd `m Cjt gc ku`grsm ejd su ngkacag g cg rmoaõd emregdg g Uj`jkg. ]d pg`rm sghaj tmdëg md eumdtg mc hamdmstgr `m tj`g cg ngkacag y tjkghg cgs `measajdms qum numrgd hmdmnaeajsgs pgrg tj`js. Gyu`g g cjs da÷js pgrg qum vmgd cgs mdjrkms vmdtgigs qum sm ejdem`md g gqumccgs pmrsjdgs qumsghaj pum`md ccgkgr Vg`rm gc Um÷jr. ¡Wuá Ejdsmimrj y quá Ouëg tgd tmdmkjs! ¡Wuá pravacmoaj rmeahar su sgha`urëg md tj`js cjs gsudtjs `m cg va`g! Jrgkjs, y Ác rmspjd`m, y djs ouëg. (h) Mrg ud pacgr `m numrzg. Md cjs `ëgs gdtmrajrms g cg advmdeaõd `m cg kgquadgrag kj`mrdg, cms tjeghg g cjs bjkhrms `m cg ngkacag jeupgrsm `m cjs trghgijs qum dmemsatgrgd orgd numrzg nësaeg. Pmdëgd qum tgcgr çrhjcms, cmvgdtgr egsgs y g vmems tamd`gs pgrg sus ngkacags, egvgr cjs egdgcms `m `msgoóm, mte. Bghëg qum davmcgr cg tamrrg, y cakpagrcg `m pam`rgs. Bghëg qum pjdmr vgccgs. Md mc tamkpj `m cg ejsmebg, tmdëgd qum rmejcmetgr mc orgdj y mkpgegrcj. Md kuebgs rmoajdms, `mhëgd cuebgr ejdtrg cjs mdmkaojs. Mc pg`rm tmdëg qum smr ud pacgr `m numrzg y rmsastmdeag. Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum cjs erastagdjs tamdmd da kçs da kmdjs qum gc Bgem`jr `mc udavmrsj pgrg `grcms numrzgs. Ác dudeg sm egdsg.  Dudeg ngccg da mxpmrakmdtg `mhaca`g`, y tj`g cg adkmdsa`g` `m sus rmeursjs `m pj`mr mstçd g cg `aspjsaeaõd `m sus baijs m baigs. Gqumccjs g cjs qum Ác prjtmom dj dmemsatgd tmkmr cgs tmkpmstg`ms `m cg va`g j cgs gkmdgzgs `mc @aghcj. (e) Vrjvmëg ghud`gdtmkmdtm.  Mxpcaeg qum cg rmspjdsghaca`g` `mc pg`rm mrg prjvmmr `m gcakmdtj, rjpg y ghraoj g su mxtmdsg ngkacag. Ác mrg rmspjdsghcm `m prj`uear udg humdg ejsmebg `m traoj, `m eragr ud ogdg`j sgcu`ghcm, y `m `jkadgr gcoùd jnaeaj j `msgrrjccgr gcoùd dmojeaj qum cm pmrkatamrg ogdgr cj sunaeamdtm pgrg kgdtmdmr g su mspjsg y sus baijs. Eumdtg g cjs da÷js qum bghëg `ëgs

`anëeacms md cjs qum g cj kmijr ccmoghg udg duhm `m cgdojstgs qum egëgd yquamd `mvjrghgd tj`g cgs udghjtgs ejsmebg md udgs eugdtgs bjrgs. Mrg md mc  pg`rm sm egczghg y egkadghg vgrajs lacõkmtrjs  huseg `m jtrj km`aj `m prjvmmr pgrg cg ngkacag `urgdtm cjs kmsms saouamdtms. Ua mcu`ëg msg rmspjdsghaca`g`, tj`g cg ngkacag pgsgrëg 8??  

bgkhrm. @m cg kaskg kgdmrg, mc Um÷jr prjvmm pgrg tj`gs cgs dmemsa`g`ms msparatugcms msparatugcms `m sus baijs, gbjrg y mtmrdgkmdtm. (`) Prgdskatëg sus bghaca`g`ms. Md gqumccjs `ëgs, mc pg`rm dj mstghg sgtasnmebj bgstg qum trgdskatëg tj`js sus ejdjeakamdtjs g sus baijs. Cms mdsm÷ghg cjs smermtjs `m cg goraeucturg9 euçd`j `mhëgd smkhrgr, eõkj prjtmomr cg ejsmebg `m cgs mdnmrkm`g`ms y cjs adsmetjs, y eõkj y euçd`j ejsmebgr, prjemsgr y gckgemdgr. Cjs ermymdtms tamdmd ejkj Vg`rm gc @ajs adnadatgkmdtm sghaj. Uu cahrj `m tmxtj, cg Hahcag, cms prjpjreajdg tj`j cj qum dmemsatgd sghmr,  pmrj cj kçs kçs akpjrtgdtm akpjrtgdtm `m tj`j tj`j ms ms qum mdsm÷g qum mc gckg gckg pum`m pum`m smr sgcvg`g y prjtmoa`g. (m) Njrkghg mc egrçetmr `m cjs iõvmdms.  Ughmr `m goraeucturg dj  hgstghg pgrg gsmourgrsm mc áxatj. ]d pg`rm sghaj rmejdjeëg qum cjs baijs dmemsatghgd qum sm cms m`uegsm md eugdtj gc egrçetmr   sa cg sjeam`g` bghëg `m mstgr hamd ojhmrdg`g y smr nmcaz. ¡Dmemsatghgd gprmd`mr g `jkadgrsm g së kaskjs! Mc pg`rm sghaj, pums, g`kadastrghg g`kadastrg hg udg `aseapcadg hjd`g`jsg, pmrj narkm g sus baijs `ms`m udg m`g` tmkprgdg. Egstaoghg g cjs da÷js sa sm cms sjrprmd`ëg rjhgd`j, y cms rmejkpmdsghg sa mrgd egpgems egpgem s `m vmdemr mc kgc omdaj. Cms mdsm÷ghg qum cg kmdtarg mrg `g÷adg y qum mstghg kgc, y cms adstruëg md eugdtj g cg kgdmrg ejkj gnmetghgd g cjs `mkçs sus geeajdms. Mxpcaeg g cg ecgsm qum, `m cg kaskg kgdmrg, mc Um÷jr egstaog g gqumccjs g quamdms gkg,yy kgdanmstgr cjs m`ueg egpgeatçd`jcjs egpgeatçd`jc pgrg bgemr kjrar sus egkadjs `m pmeg`j cgs vartu`ms js erastagdgs (ejkj mc –nrutj `mc Mspëratu‛ \Oçcgtgs =988― 85[). 85[). Ugeu`m sus ejdeamdeags eugd`j bgemd gcoj kgcj y cms gyu`g g smr eg`g vmz kmijrms. (n) Gckgemdghg pgrg cgs omdmrgeajdms nuturgs. Xmejr`gd`j cj mojëstg qum sm mstç vjcvamd`j dumstrg prjpag sjeam`g`, cjs kgmstrjs  pum`md `mserahar eõkj cjs pg`rms ejdsa`mrghgd ejdsa`mrghgd qum udg `m cgs

kmtgs `m cg va`g mrg cg `m prjvmmr pgrg sus ngkacags. Ejd nrmeumdeag ogstghgd kuy pjej md së kaskjs m adtmdtghgd gsmourgr udg va`g kmijr pgrg sus baijs. Gud bjy, vmkjs md cjs pgësms md vëgs `m `msgrrjccj qum cjs pg`rms sm pravgd `m tj`j pgrg pj`mr mdvagr g sus baijs gc mxtrgdimrj g m`uegrsm. ¡Euçdtj kçs mc Um÷jr, mc pmrnmetj Vg`rm emcmstagc, bgem pcgdms  pgrg sus baijs y prjvmm prjvmm pgrg tj`gs sus dmemsa`g`ms! Mc gpõstjc Vm`rj 8?2  

bghcõ `m cg bmrmdeag bmrmdeag qum @ajs bg ermg`j pgrg djsjtrjs9 –]dg bmrmdeag adejrruptahcm, adejdtgkadg`g m adkgremsahcm, rmsmrvg`g md cjs eamcjs pgrg vjsjtrjs‛ (7 Vm`rj 790). Cg Bastjrag djs mdsm÷g qum, md mstm kud`j, cgs kgyjrms bmrmdeags pum`md pmr`mrsm ejd rgpa`mz, j `msgpgrmemr pjr mc `mspacngrrj j mc rjhj. Vmrj dj bgy udg gkmdgzg gsë pgrg cgs hmd`aeajdms `mc erastagdj qum sm gckgemdgd md mc Eamcj. Mstgrçd g sgcvj pgrg samkprm. Cg ecgsm tmd`rç qum mspmrgr bgstg cg  prõxakg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd pgrg mseuebgr mseuebgr kçs gem gemreg reg `m mstj. Baijs m baigs g`jptg`js pjr mc @ajs vavj.  Kamdtrgs tgdtj,  prmoudtg g cjs da÷js sa bgd mxpmrakmdtg`j mxpmrakmdtg`j cg g`jpeaõd md cg ngkacag `mc Um÷jr, `m kj`j qum sm bgygd ejdvmrta`j md baijs m baigs `mc @ajs vavj. Xmeuár`gcms qum dj pum`m bghmr kgyjr pravacmoaj. Cjs  iõvmdms gdsëgd ejdjemr g gcoùd ngkjsj gquë md cg Pamrrg, j gc kmdjs vmrcj `m emreg `urgdtm udjs adstgdtms, kamdtrgs mc Um÷jr `m ocjrag cjs advatg tj`j mc tamkpj g smr kamkhrjs pravacmoag`js `m cg ngkacag rmgc `mc Eamcj. (g) G ud orgd prmeaj. Xmeuár`gcms mc mdjrkm prmeaj qum @ajs tuvj qum pgogr pgrg pj`mr bgemr pjsahcm dumstrg g`jpeaõd. Mc @ajs tj`jpj`mrjsj –dj msegtakõ da g su prjpaj Baij, sadj qum cj mdtrmoõ  pjr tj`js djsjtrjs \…[‛ (Xjkgdjs (Xjkgdjs 2958). ºVj`rëg bghmr kgyjr gkjr qum mstm: (h) Vgrg trgmr bjdrg gc Vg`rm. Adstg g cjs cjs qum sjd –baijs m baigs `m @ajs‛ g vavar va`gs arrmprmdsahcms y smdeaccgs qum hraccmd ejkj cuems md mstm jseurj y pmrvmrsj kud`j (en.  Nacapmdsms 897=) pgrg bjdrgr g su Vg`rm emcmstagc. Ëdstgcms g cuebgr ejdtrg msjs pmeg`js qum `msbjdrgd gc Ugcvg`jr y gc Mvgdomcaj, y g gprmd`mr rçpa`g y bukac`mkmdtm `m sus egstaojs. Xmeuár`gcms qum dadoudj `m djsjtrjs pum`m akgoadgr saquamrg udg ëdnakg pgrtm `m cgs ocjrags qum mc Um÷jr djs tamdm rmsmrvg`gs. Md cjs pjejs g÷js qum djs qum`md gquë md cg Pamrrg `mhmkjs gprjvmebgr eg`g jpjrtuda`g` qum sm djs  prmsmdtm pgrg qum mc Xmadj `m dumstrj Ugcvg`jr gvgdem y pgrg

ejkpgrtar cg cuz `mc Mvgdomcaj ejd tj`js cjs qum mstád g dumstrj gcrm`m`jr. Ejkpcmkmdtj vasugc  ]tacazg `ahuijs `m udg ngkacag rjkgdg `jd`m gpgrmzeg ud bmrkgdj kgyjr y ud baij g`jptg`j. Kumstrg tgkhaád akçomdms `m ud pg`rm 8?1  

`mc tamkpj `m cg Hahcag, ejd msemdgs qum pum`gd utacazgrsm pgrg `mserahar sus `astadtgs tgrmgs y rmspjdsghaca`g`ms. OCJXANAEG@JU (720)  Xjkgdjs 2956< 7 Ejradtajs 7=95= ― 00< 00< Gpjegcapsas ?91 ― 7? 7?   Hjsqumij `m cg cmeeaõd cmeeaõd  Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm cjs eugtrj pgsjs qum yg bmkjs mstu`ag`j, pjr km`aj `m cjs eugcms mc Um÷jr bgem g cjs qum cm gkgd ejdnjrkms g cg akgomd `m su Baij (en. Xjkgdjs 2981). Ác cjs ccgkg udj pjr udj y cjs bgem suyjs. Cjs iustanaeg iustanae g gc ermmr md mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj y md tj`j cj qum Ác bazj md cg Eruz `mc Egcvgraj. Cumoj egkhag su va`g y su egrçetmr (cjs sgdtanaeg) g km`a`g qum gprmd`md, `ëg g `ëg, g gorg`gr y g jhm`memr g su Vg`rm emcmstagc (qum cjs g`jptg). Vmrj bgy ejsgs kmijrms qum bgd `m ccmogr y qum sm vmrçd eugd`j mc ermymdtm smg cahmrg`j pjr nad `m mstm rmadj tmrrmdgc, ejd tj`gs sus cakatgeajdms. pgsj nadgc `mc pcgd `mc Um÷jr, mc kmijr `mbgstg tj`js,qum ms ocjranaegr g suMcpumhcj. Mc pcgd `m @ajs dj sm ejkpcmtgrç smgkjs pjr ejkpcmtj ejdnjrkms g cg pmrnmetg akgomd `m su qumra`j Baij. Mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj num mxgctg`j. Mxpcaeg g cg ecgsm qum, gudqum @ajs Vg`rm dj gbjrrõ g su Baij cg gdoustag y mc `jcjr `mc Egcvgraj, qum numrjd dmemsgrajs pgrg dumstrg sgcvgeaõd, udg vmz bmebg cg mxpageaõd, mc Vg`rm cm –rmejkpmdsõ‛ mdsmoua`g. Gc tmremr `ëg, mc Ugcvg`jr rmsueatõ `mc smpucerj ejd orgd pj`mr. Prgs ud ejrtj  pmrëj`j `urgdtm mc eugc gpgrmeaõ g cjs `aseëpucjs pgrg gcmdtgrcms m adstruarcms, gsemd`aõ gc Eamcj pgrg smr mxgctg`j y rmeahar ud djkhrm qum ms sjhrm tj`j djkhrm (en. Nacapmdsms 891). Gqumc qum sm bukaccõ tgdtj pjr gkjr g djsjtrjs, sm rmhgiõ g tjkgr ud eumrpj bukgdj y ccmoõ gc mxtrmkj `m sunrar udg kumrtm gdoustajsg md cg Eruz, ejdvartaád`jsm md jhimtj `m gcghgdzg md mc Eamcj. Dj pgsgrç kuebj tamkpj gdtms qum tj`g rj`accg sm pjstrm gdtm Ác, tgdtj tg dtj cjs qum cm gkmd

y cm `md cg hamdvmda`g ejkj gqumccjs qum egaogd gtmrrg`js g sus pams ejkj su Iumz. @mdtrj `m pjej, tj`js `mhmrmkjs rmejdjemrcm, yg smg ejd tmrrjr m adquamtu` (ejkj cjs dj ermymdtms) yg smg ejkj cjs qum cm ejdjemd ejkj Ugcvg`jr, y mspmrgd smr ocjranaeg`js ejd Ác. ºWuá jeurrm eugd`j kjrakjs: Xmeumr`g g cg ecgsm qum kuebgs  pmrsjdgs djs `aemd qum dj pmdsmkjs md cg kumrtm. @aemd qum cg kumrtm ms dumstrj nadgc, y qum `mhmrëgkjs ejdemdtrgrdjs md 826  

`asnrutgr cg va`g kamdtrgs pj`gkjs. ºVmrj ºV mrj eõkj sghmd msj: ºVum`md mstgr smourjs: ¡Uupjdogkjs qum sm mquavjegd! @mspuás `m tj`j, tmdmkjs ud numrtm adstadtj `mdtrj `m djsjtrjs qum djs bgem pmdsgr qum bgy gcoj kçs qum egrdm y bumsjs sakpcmkmdtm. Pmdmkjs msg ejdeamdeag adtmrdg `m qum dumstrg gckg sjhrmvavarç g cg kumrtm pgrg vavar md jtrg pgrtm. Ejkj sa gdudeagrgs udg ms humdg djtaeag Ocjranaeg`js ejd qum Ác.  mc ejdermtg, `a g cg ecgsm @ajs tj`jpj`mrjsj, tj`jpj`mrj sj, qum mc ùdaej qum sghm cj qum bgy `mtrçs `m cg kumrtm, djs gsmourg md su Vgcghrg qum mstg va`g ms sjcj udg mxastmdeag ejrtg y trgdsatjrag. Cg vmr`g`mrg  va`g mstç gùd pjr ccmogr. Pj`js cjs qum ermmd md mc Um÷jr y cm  pmrtmdmemd pum`md mspmrgr mc `ëg md qum arçd g mstgr ejd Ác g su bjogr emcmstagc, ud cuogr kuebj kmijr  qum   qum mstm kud`j. Cg kumrtm,  pgrg gqumccjs euyjs pmeg`js bgd sa`j cgvg`js, ms cg pumrtg `m mdtrg`g g cg va`g mtmrdg. Md mc kjkmdtj md qum kumrmd, sus gckgs smrçd sgcvgs Eamcj mstgr ejd Ugcvg`jr. Cumoj ccmogrçccmvg`gs mc orgdsgdgs `ëgy md qumgcsm cms g `grçd susmc dumvjs eumrpjs, mspmeagckmdtm g`gptg`js gc bjogr mtmrdj. ºEõkj rmsueatgd cjs kumrtjs: –^md`rç bjrg ‐ `aij `aij mc Um÷jr  ‐   eugd`j tj`js cjs qum mstçd md cjs smpucerjs jarçd su vjz \cg vjz `mc Baij `m @ajs[< y cjs qum baeamrjd cj humdj, sgc`rçd g rmsurrmeeaõd `m va`g< kgs cjs qum baeamrjd cj kgcj, g rmsurrmeeaõd `m ejd`mdgeaõd‛ (Iugd =982― 81). 81). Ms pjsahcm qum mc `ëg `m cg rmsurrmeeaõd (mc nad `mc kud`j) tmdog cuogr kuebj `mspuás `m qum djsjtrjs kurgkjs, eugd`j yg bgygkjs `mig`j dumstrjs eumrpjs mdtmrrg`js md cg tamrrg y djsjtrjs mstmkjs md mc Eamcj (ejkj gckgs sjcgkmdtm) j md mc Adnamrdj (ejkj gckgs sjcgkmdtm). Mdtjdems dumstrjs eumrpjs vjcvmrçd g cg va`g y sm udarçd g dumstrg gckg, pgrg qum tj`js ejkpgrmzegkjs `mcgdtm `m @ajs. Cjs qum dj sm bgygd ejdvmrta`j, qum bghrçd mstg`j mspmrgd`j md mc Adnamrdj, smrçd nadgckmdtm iuzog`js y ejd`mdg`js. Cjs qum pmrtmdmzegd gc Um÷jr

tmd`rçd cg mxpmramdeag qum Vghcj `mserahm gquë. Mc gpõstjc Vghcj pj`ëg akgoadgr g gcouamd qum sm baeamrg cgs kaskgs prmoudtgs qum ms pjsahcm qum cg ecgsm sm mstá bgeamd`j9 –ºEõkj rmsueatgrçd cjs kumrtjs: ºEjd quá eumrpj vmd`rçd:‛ (7 Ejradtajs 7=95=). Vgrg gyu`grdjs g ejkprmd`mr, ejkpgrg cg mxpmramdeag ejd cg samkhrg `m udg smkaccg j ud huchj, y cg kgdmrg ejkj hrjtg cg va`g. @aem qum mc orgdj9 827  

(7) Um samkhrg md ejrrupeaõd, rmsueatg md adejrrupeaõd.   Kumstrg g cg ecgsm udg smkaccg j ud huchj (sm pum`m utacazgr udg  pgtgtg j udg udg emhjccg). Gpgrmdtmkmdtm Gpgrmdtmkmdtm ms udg udg ejsg kumrtg, kgrebatg, kgrebatg, sad va`g, bgstg putrmngetg y md `meg`mdeag. Vmrj, sa sm mdtamrrg, `m rmpmdtm sgcm ud hrjtm, vumcvm g cg va`g y ermem ejkj udg pcgdtg vavg y nruetënmrg. Gpcaeg mstj msparatugckm msparatugckmdtm9 dtm9 @ms`m qum mc pmeg`j, mstm kud`j mstç `jkadg`j pjr cg ejrrupeaõd y cgccmoõ kumrtm. Pj`j mdtrg md `meg`mdeag y sm mdvmimem. Va`m g cjs da÷js qum tm `md gcoudjs mimkpcjs jhvajs9 m`anaeajs, gutjkõvacms, rjpg, dumstrj prjpaj eumrpj. Vjd mc mimkpcj `m ud cahrj `m mimreaeajs dumvmeatj qum ud da÷j adtmdtm ejdsmrvgr cakpaj y ejrrmetj, pmrj qum md pjegs smkgdgs yg mstç ccmdj `m kuorm y sgcpaeg`j `m ngctgs md hgstgdtms pçoadgs. Vmrj, md mc orgd `ëg `m cg rmsurrmeeaõd, cjs eumrpjs `m cjs ermymdtms rmsueatgrçd (en. 8 Ejradtajs 0970) y smrçd rmdjvg`js, `m kgdmrg qum sm pgrmemrçd gc `mc Um÷jr Imsùs. Dj akpjrtg mc mstg`j `m ejrrupeaõd md qum sm mdeumdtrm mc vamij eumrpj (`mspuás `m bghmr mstg`j mdtmrrg`j `urgdtm kuebj tamkpj), smrç trgdsnjrkg`j md ud dumvj eumrpj, ccmdj `m mdmroëg, va`g y pj`mr. Mstm dumvj eumrpj dj mdnmrkgrç dudeg, da sm mdvmimemrç, da sunrarç `jcjr. Dj vjcvmrç g kjrar igkçs. Md mc dumvj kud`j emcmstagc, tj`gs dumstrgs ngeuctg`ms nudeajdgrçd `m udg kgdmrg dumvg. Md mc dumvj eumrpj, cg kmkjrag dj sm pmr`mrç, sadj qum pmrkgdmemrç hraccgdtm hraccgdt m y vavg. Dumstrg kmdtm smrç egpgz `m ghsjrhmr kçs y kçs, y `m mxpcjrgr udjs bjrazjdtms `m kgrgvaccgs y `mcaeags sad nad qum sm mxtmd`mrçd `mcgdtm `m djsjtrjs md cjs rmiuvmdmea`js dumvj Eamcj y dumvg Pamrrg `mc nuturj. Md mstm  kud`j tmrrmdgc, adtmdtgr bgemr mc hamd (gud ejkj erastagdjs) ms, g kmdu`j, ejkj ejd`uear ud gutjkõvac ejd mc nrmdj pasg`j. Uamkprm mstç mstm eumrpj `m pmeg`j, ejd tj`gs sus gpmtmdeags, qum mstarg `m djsjtrjs. Vmrj, md mc  prõxakj  kud`j, dumstrj dumvj eumrpj smrç

udg gyu`g y dj ud mstjrhj.  ^umcvmMs g  nmj< jtrj  (8) Umqum samkhrg mdcg`msbjdrg, rmsueatg md ocjrag. gspmetj prmsmdtg smkaccg j mc huchj gdtms `m pcgdtgrcj. ms udg ejsg kgrrõd y msegkjsg qum dj kmrmem cg pmdg kargr. Um ougr`g md udg egig j ud pgqumtm, y cumoj sm mdtamrrg. mdtam rrg. Vmrj dj ms kçs qum mc pradeapaj `m ud dumvj prjemsj. Vrjdtj gpgrmemd bjigs y 828  

ncjrms, y tj`j bg egkhag`j. Cg pcgdtg sm ejdvamrtm rçpa`gkmdtm md gcoj hmccj, pgrg qum cg g`karmkjs y, quazç, bgstg cg mxbahgkjs gdtm cjs `mkçs. @mserahm eõkj dumstrj eumrpj tmrrmdgc ccmog g ud nmj y gdtamstátaej gdtamstát aej nadgc. Qg smg md ud geea`mdtm rmpmdtadj, rmpmdt adj, j md ud vajcmdtj gtgqum gc ejrgzõd, j cmdtgkmdtm ejkj rmsuctg`j `m udg mdnmrkm`g` y `m cg m`g`, cg kumrtm y cg `msadtmorgeaõd `mcsm eumrpj jhvagkmdtm, ud suemsj –`msbjdrjsj‛. Md udjs `ëgs mdtamrrgms, mc eg`çvmr ejd mc qum yg sm bg –geghg`j‛. Dj sm vjcvmrç g utacazgr kçs md mstg va`g. Vmrj mc dumvj eumrpj qum sm `grç g cjs ermymdtms md cg rmsurrmeeaõd smrç kuy `astadtj. Um g`gptgrç y mdegigrç md su dumvj mdtjrdj emcmstagc, smrç egpgz `m `asnrutgr y mkhmhmrsm `m tj`js cjs vgcjrms msparatugcms y ccmvgr g eghj tj`gs cgs ejsgs ocjrajsgs  prmvastgs pgrg ác gdtms `m qum mc pmeg`j mdtrgrg md mc kud`j. Umrç ud eumrpj traudngdtm. Cj kmijr `m tj`j ms qum smrç g`meug`j pgrg gemregrsm g @ajs y udarsm g cgs vaetjrajsgs bumstms `mc Eamcj, pgrg gcghgrcm y `asnrutgr `m Ác pgrg samkprm. (5) Um samkhrg md `mhaca`g`, rmsueatg md pj`mr.   Xmegceg mc bmebj `m qum cg smkaccg, j mc huchj, sm qum`g sjcj, y ms udg ejsg `áhac, adùtac y pgtátaeg qum dj pum`m bgemr dg`g. Vmrj, sa sm mdtamrrg, vjcvmrç `m rmpmdtm g cg va`g y tmd`rç hrjtms vmr`ms, y ermemrç bgstg ejdvmrtarsm md udg pcgdtg prj`uetavg, egpgz `m `gr udg ejsmebg `m ncjrms `m hmccj grjkg, j ud raej gpjrtm `m gcakmdtj, j km`aegkmdtjs km`aegkmdt js qum pum`gd sgcvgr va`gs, j, md mc egsj `m ud çrhjc, prjpjreajdgrç vgcajsg kg`mrg. Ugeg pgrgcmcaskjs ejd mc prjemsj msparatugc. Cg Pamrrg ms ud cuogr `m `mhaca`g` y nrustrgeaõd. @ms`m cg Egë`g, bjkhrms y kuimrms bgd  pmr`a`j su pj`mr pjr egusg `mc pmeg`j, y dj pum`md ejdtrjcgr y vmdemr sus pjtmdtms numrzgs. Cgs ngkacags saoumd vavamd`j suka`gs

md cg pjhrmzg, mc ejdncaetj y cg jprmsaõd. Eugd`j sm mdtamrrg ud eumrpj kumrtj, vmkjs `mcgdtm `m djsjtrjs udg msemdg `m `mhaca`g`.  Ms ud eumrpj qum yg dj cjorgrç bgemr dg`g kçs. Dj tamdm pj`mr. Vmrj, eugd`j (md mc egsj `mc ermymdtm) msm eumrpj rmsueatm gc nadgc `m cjs tamkpjs, smrç pj`mrjsj. Qg dj smrç kçs vucdmrghcm gc pmeg`j y g tj`js cjs prjhcmkgs qum mstm prj`uem. Umrç pmrnmetj pgrg samkprm. Vj`rç vagigr y pgrtaeapgr md adejdtghcms getava`g`ms sad 825  

vmrsm gnmetg`j pjr mc egdsgdeaj j pjr mc nrgegsj. Umrç ejrjdg`j `m sgha`urëg y tmd`rç cg egpgea`g` `m mdtmd`mr y gprmeagr cgs kgrgvaccgs `m cg dumvg Ermgeaõd mtmrdg `m @ajs. ¡Wuá kgrgvaccjsj smrç mdejdtrgrdjs, orgeags gc gkjr rm`mdtjr `m dumstrj Ugcvg`jr, md msm pgës kmijr qum tj`js cjs ermymdtms pum`md gbjrg mspmrgr, `aeamd`j9  Gccë vmrá, jará y sghrá   tj`j eugdtj gquë yj gdbmcá?). Bjkhrms, kuimrms, da÷js y da÷gs smrçd nadgckmdtm bmebjs ejdnjrkms g cg akgomd `mc Um÷jr Imsuerastj (en.  Xjkgdjs 2981), tgc ejkj mc @ajs tj`jpj`mrjsj pcgdmõ. Pj`j pmeg`j bghrç sa`j mrrg`aeg`j y tj`g cg ocjrag smrç pgrg mc Vg`rm y mc Baij, Imsuerastj. Adstg gmsg tusorgd da÷jskuctatu` g gsmourgrsm `m qum tj`g vgd gdgeaõd, bgccgrsmrgzg, mdtrmcmdoug cjs qumy njrkmd `m pmrsjdgs saocj, qum vgd g pgsgr cg mtmrda`g` ejd mc Ugcvg`jr, qum cjs rm`akaõ g ud prmeaj tgd gctj. @mserahm cg ocjrajsg msemdg cmymd`j, `armetgkmdtm `armetgkmd tm `m cgs Mseraturgs kaskgs, Gpjegcapsas ?91 ―  ?91 ― 7?. 7?.