Ensayos

 

Zc tf dk fgvìk ^36/? =869 p. l.\ L 8 Iãrmfgcs, Pcød. (053?). Mf dc adkskc mfd crtf c dc fmuicijùg crsic. Vgjvfrsjmcm ]êigjic mf Iktkpcxj (V]I). Icpìtudk JJJ. Dc adkskc mfd crtf y dc fmuicijùg crsic rfcdjzcr ug fgscyk sk`rf dc rfdcijùg mf dc adkskc mfd crtf y dc fmuicijùg crsic. 0-Ufdìiudc8 Fd mêijlk bkl`rf. Hcin Okdm. 3:22. V.Y.C. bps8//www.ykutu`f.ikl/wctib;v sk`rftkmk fg lklfgtks irìtjiks iklk dks quf lufstrcg fg dc pfdìiudc. Gcif dc prfougtc sk`rf sì prfsfrvcr dc vjmc fstã pkr fgijlc bcstc mf sfr iudpc`df mf dc lufrtf mf ktrk sfr  bulcgk y sfr icpcz mf vjvjr ikg dc iudpc. »Fd ajg hustjajic dks lfmjks; Ucrc cdougks, sì> sjg fl`crok, fg dc vjmc rfcd gk sjflprf fs csì yc quf cd bcifrdk sf pufmfg ddfocr c suarjr ugcs ikgsfiufgijcs mfvcstcmkrcs pcrc fd prfsfgtf quf, fg ikgsfiufgijc, mftfrljgcg fd auturk. Fg ikgidusjùg, dc pfdìiudc 44Fd Mêijlk bkl`rf77 fs ugc idcrc lufstrc quf fd bkl`rf pufmf fdfojr jr pkr iucdqujfr icljgk pfrk mf`f fstcr ikgsjfgtf quf tcl`jêg mf`f csuljr dcs ikgsfiufgijcs mf su kpijùg.

 

Lj gkl`rf fs @cib. Mkljgjquf Pjvcz.

Dc trclc mf dc pfdìiudc 44 Lj gkl`rf fs @cib77 `ãsjiclfgtf sf pufmf rfsuljr  quf, fg lcyk mf 3?=?, trfs cóks cgtfs mf su lufrtf, ddfoc c Uktsmcl Hkbcgg Yf`cstjcg @cib, pcrc csjstjr cd `cutjzk mf su prjlfr gjftk. Yf fgiufgtrc ikg fd hkvfg rfy Afmfrjik JJ mf Urusjc, orcg cmljrcmkr suyk, y ikljfgzcg fgtkgifs ugc sfrjf mf fgiufgtrks fgtrf cl`ks fg dcs quf sf fgarfgtcrãg dks foks y dcs acljdjcs. Dc pfdìiudc fgarfgtc c dks mks pfrskgchfs lãs orcgmfs mf dc êpkic8 ug rfy c`skdutk, fxpkgfgtf mfd mfspktjslk jdustrcmk y mfd pkmfr lãs orcgmf mfd lklfgtk y ug cgijcgk iklpksjtkr, fstjlcmk pkr tkmks, vfgijmk pkr dks cibcqufs mf dc fmcm. Fd rfy cmljrc dc løsjic mf @cib y mfsfc ikgkifr c su cutkr. @cib cmljrc fd icrãitfr cl`jijksk, rfskdutjvk y fxpfmjtjvk mfd rfy. Afmfrjik vf fg Hkbcgg Yf`cstjcg @cib cd pcmrf jmfcd, gcmc pcrfijmk c su kprfsjvk y vjkdfgtk pcmrf, Afmfrjik Oujddfrlk J mf Urusjc, ljfgtrcs @cib, fgtfrcmk mf quf pfrmfrã dc vjstc, `usic su dj`frtcm iklk løsjik quf yc gk iklpkgmrã pkr fgicrok y djmjc sk`rf tkmk ikg dks fgarf fgarfgtc gtcljf ljfgtk gtkss mf mks mf sus bjhks8 bjhks8 Icrd Icrd Ub Ubjdj jdjpp pp Flcgu Flcgufd fd @cib @cib y _jdbf _jdbfdl dl Arjfmflcgg @cib. Dc kpksjijùg mf dks icrcitfrfs aufrtfs y mfijmjmks mf @cib y Afmfrjik mcrã krjofg c dc Karfgmc lusjicd, @_Q 35?: mfd iklpksjtkr. C pcrtjr mf ug bfibk rfcd, fd ajdl ikgstruyf ugc aã`udc fg dc quf cgcdjzc dks pfrajdfs  psjikdùojiks  psjikdùo jiks y bulcgks mf mks lugmks mjafrfgtfs, mjafrfgtfs, dfhcgks y ikgtrcpufstks ikgtrcpufstks fg luibks cspfitks. Dc jgtfrciijùg mf dks mks prktcokgjstcs pkgf mf lcgjajfstk sus sjgoudcrjmcmfs, mjvfrofgijcs y ikjgijmfgijcs.

 

Dc huvfgtum y dc vfhfz sf rfikgkifg y cajrlcg iucgmk sf fgiufgtrcg y mjcdkocg. Dk ljslk kiurrf ikg dc aufrzc y dc arcojdjmcm, fd pkmfr rfcd y dc cutkrjmcm lkrcd, fd mfspktjslk y dc tkdfrcgijc, dc irufdmcm y dc bulcgjmcm, dc ciijùg mf ok`jfrgk y dc irfcijùg crtìstjic, fd mkljgjk y fd sklftjljfgtk, dks rftks fxjofgtfs y dcs hustcs gfoctjvcs. Uk ødtjlk, dc jgtfrciijùg fgtrf fd rfy y fd iklpksjtkr irfc ajsurcs fg dc ikbfrfgijc mf dc acljdjc @cib y mf dc Ikrtf prusjcgc, iklk ikgsfiufgijc mf dks icl`jks quf dks mks  pfrskgchfss fxpfrjlfgtcg.  pfrskgchf fxpfrjlfgtcg. Mfd fgiufgtrk fgiufgtrk dcs mks mks pcrtfs pcrtfs scdfg fgrjqufijmcs fgrjqufijmcs..

 

Fd prfijk mf dc ikmjijc

Fstc pfdìiudc fstcmkugjmfgsf mf 0533, iuyk gkl`rf krjojgcd fs Lcrojg Icdd, trctc mf ugc jgtfrfscgtf trclc cikgtfijmc cgtfs mf dks suifsks mf dc irjsjs ajgcgijfrc mfd ajg mf dc  prjlfrc mêicmc mfd sjodk RRJ fg _cdd Ytrfft. Fd cgcdjstc Uftfr Yuddjvcg, Yuddjvcg, flpdfcmk mf ugc jlpkrt jlp krtcgt cgtff fgtjm fgtjmcm cm ajgcg ajgcgij ijfrc frc,, mf mfsiu siu`rf `rf quf quf su ajrlc ajrlc sf fgiuf fgiufgt gtrc rc cd `k `krmf rmf mf ugc jgljgfgtf irjsjs quf gk skdk dc cafitc c sì ljslc, sjgk quf jlpcitc cd sfitkr ajgcgijfrk, c sus flpdfcmks, c sus idjfgtfs y, pkstfrjkrlfgtf, cd gjvfd mf ikgajcgzc mfd pø`djik fg fd sjstflc ajgcgijfrk jgtfrgcijkgcd. Fg fafitk, rfiurrjr c dc lfgtjrc, c dc fgtrfoc pcrijcd mf jgakrlcijùg y c lcgjk`rcs  pkik êtjics êtjics skg tflcs quf fg dc dc pfdìiudc sf lctfrjcdjzc lctfrjcdjzcg g ikg dc ikdkicijùg ikdkicijùg y fstcgmcrjzcijù fstcgmcrjzcijùg g mf citjvks mf rjfsok fg fd lfricmk ajgcgijfrk, sjg mjlfgsjkgcr dks ikstks y fafitks quf ikgddfvcg pcrc qujfgfs ikgaìcg su mjgfrk c krocgjzcijkgfs fg prk mf k`tfgfr sfourjmcm y rfgtc`jdjmcm fg sus jgvfrsjkgfs. Fstk suifmf bcstc quf sf prfsfgtc ug lklfgtk fg fd quf dks gjvfdfs mf rjfsok gk sf pufmfg lcgtfgfr y dcs ijarcs gk sf pufmfg kiudtcr, fstcddcgmk dc irjsjs lãs jlpkrtcgtf quf bc suarjmk fd lfricmk fspfiudctjvk fg dks ødtjlks cóks. Dc pfdìiudc tkic tflãtjics fikgùljics y êtjics, dk iucd pufmf fgtfgmfrsf pcrc vcrjks iklk cdok rfmugmcgtf ’pkr akrtugc- pfrk quf fg orcg pcrtf mf dc bjstkrjc, aufrkg csuljmcs iklk jgmfpfgmjfgtfs. Ucrc fafitks mf dc prfsfgtf rfsfóc, sfpcrcgmk fstks ãl`jtks, pufmf cajrlcrsf mfsf fd iclpk fikgùljik-ajgcgijfrk, fikgùljik-ajgcgijfrk, quf fd krjofg mf dc irjsjs sf fgiufgtrc fgiufgtrc fg fd fxifs fxi fsk k mf ikdki ikdkicij cijùg ùg mf pc pcqu quftf ftfss mf jgvf jgvfrsj rsjùg ùg ik ikg g cdt cdtk k rjfsok rjfsok fh fhfiu fiutcm tcmk k pk pkrr vc vcrjc rjcss fgtjmcmfs ajgcgijfrcs, `chk fstc fstrctfojc mf u`jicijùg mf citjvks `csurc, dcs jgstjtuijkgfs

 

ajgcgijfrcs dkorcrkg ikgskdjmcr jgofgtfs ocgcgijcs, sjg ctfgmfr c dcs ikgsfiufgijcs prjlfrk dctfgtfs y dufok rfcdfs prkvfgjfgtfs mf su fhfrijijk mf tklc mf mfijsjkgfs. Mfsmf dc pfrspfitjvc mf dks vcdkrfs, fs mfijr, mf dc êtjic, sf pufmf cajrlcr quf fd cgãdjsjs fikgùljik rcrc vfz iufstjkgc dks iùmjoks f jgtfrrfdcijkgfs suifmjmcs cd jgtfrjkr mf dc tfkrìc krtkmkxc. Fg ktrcs pcdc`rcs, usucdlfgtf sf vcdkrc dc fajijfgijc pkr fgijlc mf dks irjtfrjks mf hustjijc f joucdmcm. Z fg fstc `øsqufmc mf fajijfgijc ’prjvcmc pcrc fd icsk mfd ajdl- fgikgtrclks c dks prktcokgjstcs, mf`ctjfgmk sk`rf ciijkgfs quf gk tfgìcg sustfgtk êtjik, cugquf pumjfrcg cprkvfibcr vciìks fg dk hurìmjik. Dc êtjic jlpdjic ug iklpkrtcljfgtk quf cdjfgtc fd rfspftk prkpjk, lãs quf fd ljfmk cd icstjok k dc rfprfsjùg, pcrc iulpdjr dks pcitks prkpufstks. Mjibk rfspftk, acvkrfif  pkstfrjkrlfgtf  pkstfrjk rlfgtf fd rfspftk pkr fd ktrk y pkr dcs gkrlcs, ofgfrcgmk fstk ug iìriudk vjrtuksk. vjrtuksk. Fstf sf qujf`rc arkgtcdlfgtf fg fd ajdl mf`jmk c dks citks mf dks mjrfitjvks y flpdfcmks mf dc ajrlc, dk iucd ikgmuif c mfspjmks lcsjvks, csì iklk c ikgmjijkgfs mf jgifrtjmul`rf y lcd idjlc dc`krcd pcrc cqufddks quf skstjfgfg su flpdfk, cafitcgmk tkmk fstk fg sulc cd ikghugtk mf idjfgtfs quf sjfgtfg mfifpijùg y mfsikgajcgzc fg fd sjstflc ajgcgijfrk.