Ensayos No Destructivos

 

XNMTHWQMCFC CH QFN AFWBKQ CH EXFSHOFBF AHNSWK XNMTHWQMSFWMK CH QFN OFWAKQ AFWWHWF< MNEHNMHWÏF AMTMB AXWQK< BFGKWFSKWMK CH OFSHWMFBHQ CH AKNQSWXAAMKN M CKAHNSH< MNE. OFWMK BXMQ

WHYKWSH QKGWH BHASXWF AKN OFWSMBBK CH MOYFASK ] AFWFASHWMQSMAFQ DMQMAFQ CH HQYHAMOHNHQ AMBMNCWMAKQ CH AKNAWHSK

YKNCHWFAMKN Afrftubf Mntrkcuaamñn Kglhvks Ofrak thñrmak Aknabusmknhs Gmgbmkerfdf

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7965 3118:

 

MNSWKCXAAMKN Bf bhaturf akn ofrtmbbk ch mopfatk hs un hnsfyk nk chstruatmvk quh sh puhch rhfbmzfr hn unf hcmdmafamñn smn afusfr fbeün cfök f bf omsof, hsth hnsfyk hs ouy ütm ütmbb aufnck aufnck nhahsm nhahsmtfo tfoks ks sfghr sfghr hn quí akncma akncmamkn mknhs hs sh hnauhnt hnauhntrf rf chthro chthromnf mnfcf cf aknstruaamñn. Hb kglhtmvk ch hsth oítkck ch hnsfyk hs chthromnfr bf unmdkromcfc suphrdmamfb chb aknarht aknarhtk k hn chthromnfcfs chthromnfcfs zknfs aknchb chthrmkrk k akn afbmcfc afbmcfc cucksf, ktrk ch sus usks hs chthromnfr bf rhsmsthnamf aknarhtk hn bfunf aknstruaamñn. Bks hsphaïohnhs ambïncrmaks ch aknarhtk chghn auopbmr akn bks rhquhrmomhntks nhahsfrmk pfrf pkchr shr hnsfyfcks, bks hsphaïohnhs ambïncrmaks ch aknarhtk tmhnhn un ohlkr rhncmomhntk rhncmomhntk hn bks hnsfyks hnsfyks ch akoprhsmñn akoprhsmñn puhs sfghoks quh hb aknarhtk nk ouhstrf tkcf su rhsmsthnamf hn un hnsfyk f dbhxmñn.

 

KGLHSMTKQ EHNHWFB 

Hstucm Hstu cmfr fr h mn mnth thrp rprh rhtf tfrr hb hnsfy hnsfyk k akn oftm oftmbb bbk k ch mo mopfa pfatk tk y aknka aknkahr hr bfs bfs afrf afrfat athr hrïs ïstm tmaf afs s quh quh chgh chgh thnh thnhrr un am ambm bmncr ncrk k ch akna aknarht rhtk k pfrf pfrf pkch pkchrr shr  shr  hnsfyfcks sheün bfs nkrofs NSE 36965 J66 ] NSE 36965 J78

HQYHAMDMAKQ  

 

 

 

Akoprh Akop rhnc nchr hr ch unf unf ohlk ohlkrr ofnh ofnhrf rf bf utmb utmbmz mzfa famñ mñn n ch bks bks hnsf hnsfyk yks s nk chstruatmvks hn bfs aknstruaamknhs. Aknkahr hb usk y smenmdmafck chb oítkck ch hnsfyk chsarmtk hn bf nkrof NSE 36965 J66. Aknkahr bks rhquhrmomhntks quh chgh auopbmr bf suphrdmamh f shr hnsfyfcf akn un ofrtmbbk ch mopfatk fsï akok su prhpfrfamñn h mnthrprhtfamñn ch cftks kgthnmcks curfnth bf pruhgf. Qfghr auæbhs skn bfs afrfathrïstmafs afrfathrïstmafs dïsmafs rhquhrmcfs pfrf un hspíamohn ambïncrmak ch aknarhtk fnths ch shr hnsfyfck.

 

HNQF]KQ NK CHQSWXASMTKQ Bks hnsfyks nk chstruatmvks chstruatmvks skn oítkcks oítkcks quh nk afusfn cfök hn bf hstruaturf hstruaturf f hvfbufr. hvfbuf r. Qu dunamñn dunamñn prmnampfb prmnampfb hs pfrf chthromnfrbf chthromnfrbfs s akncmamknhs akncmamknhs y hstmofrbf hstmofrbf rhsmsthnamf chb aknarhtk hncurhamck ch unf dkrof akndmfgbh. Hn hsth ckauohntk trft trftfr frho hoks ks bks bks 3 oítk oí cks ch hnsfy hnsfyk k quh quh nkrofbmzfcks y skn bkstkcks smeumhnths<    

au auhn hntf tfn n

akn

prkah prkahcm cmom omhn hntk tks s

Ofrtmbbk ch rhgkth (Hsabhrkoítrmak). Hnsfyk ch phnhtrfamñn. Hnsfyk ch ofcurhz. Hnsfyk ch hxtrfaamñn pkr chsbmzfomhntk.

Afcf oítkck pkshh sus bmomtfamknhs, pkr bk quh hstks hnsfyks prkpkramknfn rhsubtfcks quh chghn utmbmzfrsh akn hb chgmck fnæbmsms h mnthrprhtfamñn. Hstks oítkcks ch hnsfyks puhchn utmbmzfr akok prkahcmomhntks ch hvfbufamñn ch hstruaturfs curfnth cu rfnth su prkahsk aknstruatmvk, a knstruatmvk, akok un fpkyk fb akntrkb ch afbmcfc y hb fsheurfomhnt afbmcfc fsheurfomhntk k ch bf afbmcfc. afbmcfc. Sfogmín Sfogmín sh puhchn utmbmzfr utmbmzfr pfrf bf hvfbufamñn hvfbuf amñn ch hstruaturfs hstruaturfs yf hxmsthnths hxmsthnths akn hb dmn ch tkofr chamsmknhs chamsmknhs pfrf akntmnufr akntmn ufr akn su usk, cmspknhr cmspknhr ch unk nuhvk k rhfbmzfr rhfbmzfr mnthrvhnamkn mnthrvhnamknhs hs f bf hstruaturf pfrf fchaufrbf f un usk chthromnfck.

OFWSMBBK CH WHGKSH K HQABHWK HQABHWKOÍSWMAK OÍSWMAK NSE36965 J66 (FQSO A:98) Hsth oítkck ch hnsfyk phromth chthromnfr bf unmdkromcfc suphrdmamfb chb aknarhtk, chbmomtfr chbmo mtfr zknfs zknfs chthrmkrfcfs chthrmkrfcfs k ch cucksf cucksf afbmcfc, afbmcfc, fsï tfogmín tfogmín sh sh puhch utmbmzfr  utmbmzfr  pfrf hstmofr bf rhsmsthnamf chb aknarhtk hn hb smtmk. Hb hnsfyk hnsfyk aknsmsth aknsmsth hn un ofrtmbb ofrtmbbk k ch fahrk fahrk quh ekbphf ekbphf akn unf chthrom chthromnfc nfcf f afntmc afn tmcfc fc ch hnhreïf hnhreïf un íogkbk íogkbk ch fahrk, fahrk, hb aufb aufb hstæ hstæ hn akntfa akntfatk tk akn bf suphrdmamhbfchb Bf bhaturf kgtmhnh ch omcmínckbf cmstfnamf ch rhgkth ofrtmbbk, quhaknarhtk. nks phromth cfr unfshmncmafamñn bf rhsmsthnamf chb aknarhtk hnchb hb ærhf fnfbmzfcf. Bfs rhbfamknhs hntrh hb nüohrk ch rhgkth y bf rhsmsthnamf chb aknarhtk quh prkvhh bks dfgrmafnths ch bks ofrtmbbks, chghn shr usfcfs skbfohnth pfrf cfr mncmafamknhs ch bf rhsmsthnamf rhbftmvf chb aknarhtk hn cmdhrhnths rhemknhs ch bf hstruaturf. Yfrf kgthnhr mndkrofamñn oæs ahrthrf ch bf rhsmsthnamf chb aknarhtk, hs nhahsfrmk rhfbmzf rhfb mzfrr akrrhbf akrrhbfamk amknhs, nhs, hs chamr chamr hstfgb hstfgbhahr hahr bf rhbfam rhbfamñn ñn hntrh hntrh bf rhsmst rhsmsthnam hnamf f y hb nüohrk nüo hrk ch rhgkth rhgkth pfrf un aknarht aknarhtk k chthro chthromnf mnfck, ck, utm utmbmz bmzfnck fnck un chthrom chthromnfck nfck ofrtmbbk. ofrtm bbk. Bf Bf akrrhbfamñn akrrhbfamñn sh sh hdhatüf hdhatüf hstfgbhamhnc hstfgbhamhnck k bf rhbfamñn rhbfamñn ch ch bks nüohrks nüohrks ch rhgkth kgthnmcks kgthnmcks hn bf hstruaturf hstruaturf ch aknarhtk, aknarhtk, akn bf rhsmsthnamf rhsmsthnamf ch ch nüabhks nüabhks k thstmeks hxtrfïcks ch bf omsof hstruaturf.

 

Yfrf bf mnthrprhtfamñn ch bks nüohrks ch rhgkth sh chgh tkofr hn auhntf quh ofrtmbbks chb omsok cmshök puhchn cfr nüohrks ch rhgkth cmdhrhnths, pkr bk quh, bks hnsfyks chghn shr rhfbmzfcks akn hb omsok ofrtmbbk. Akok sh mncmaf hn bf nkrof NSE 36965 j66 (FQSO A:98) ‒sm sh usf oæs ch un ofrtmbbk, ofrtmbbk, chghræn jfahrsh hnsfyks hn un rfnek fchaufck ch suphrdmamhs ch aknarhtk tïpmafs, tïpmafs, pfrf chthromnfr bf bknemtuc ch bfs cmdhrhnamfs quh puhchn shr hsphrfcfs‟.  Fchoæs sh chgh tkofr hn auhntf, quh pfrf unf ohzabf ch aknarhtk chthromnfcf, hb vfbkr (Nüohrk) ch rhgkth hs mndbuhnamfck pkr dfatkrhs akok bf juohcfc ch bf suphrdma suphrdmamh mh chb ærhf ch hnsfyk, hnsfyk, bf dkrofbht dkrofbhtf f quh sh utm utmbmz bmzñ ñ pfrf aknstrumr aknstrumr hb hb hbho hohn hntk tk,, hb ofth ofthrm rmfb fb y fa fafgf fgfck, ck, hb hsphs hsphskr kr ch bf hstrua hstruatu turf rf y hb erfck erfck ch afrgknftfamñn ch bf suphrdmamh chb aknarhtk.

HVXMYK F XSMBM\FW ] QX DKWOF CH THWMDMAFAMKN 

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Ofrtmbbk ch rhgkth< Ak Akns nsms msth th ch un ofrt ofrtmb mbbk bk ch fa fahrk hrk afrefc afrefck k akn un rhskrth, quh aufnck hs bmghrfck ekbphf un íogkbk ch fahrk hn akntfatk akn bf suph suphrd rdma mamh mh chb chb akna aknarh rhtk tk.. Hb oftm oftmbb bbk k afre afrefc fck k pkr pkr hb rhsk rhskrt rth h chgh chgh chspbfzfrsh f unf vhbkamcfc aknsmsthnth y rhprkcuamgbh. Bf cmstfnamf ch rhgkth chsch hb íogkbk ch fahrk, sh omch hn unf hsafbf bmnhfb unmcf fb ofrak chb mnstruohntk. Ymhcrf fgrfsmvf< Aknsmsth ch afrgurk ch smbmamk ch thxturf ch erfnk ohcmk k un ofthrmfb hqumvfbhnth. ]unquh ch vhrmdmafamñn ch bks ofrtmbbks ch rhgkth, ch fprkxmofcfohnth689 oo (4 pube) ch cmæohtrk y 689 oo (4 pube) ch fbtu fbturf rf df dfgr grma mafc fck k ch fahr fahrk k ch jhrr jhrrfo fomh mhnt ntfs fs akn akn un ærhf ærhf ch mopf mopfat atk k hncurhamcf ch un vfbkr ch curhzf Wka`whbb ch 44 ¶ 7 JWA, akok sh omch akn hb oítkck ch hnsfyk (FQSO H6:). Chgh hstfr prkvmstk ch unf euïf pfrf ahntrfb hb ofrtmbbk ch rhgkth phrphncmaubfr f bf suphrdmamh. Thrmdmafamñn< Bks ofrtmbbk ch rhgkth chghn shr skohtmcks f ofnthnmomhntk y vhrmdmafamñn fnufbohnth y smhoprh quh jfyf unf rhzñn pfrf auhstmknfr su kphrfa kph rfamñn mñn.. Thrmdm Thrmdmafr afr bf kphrfam kphrfamñn ñn dunamk dunamknfb nfb ch un ofrtm ofrtmbbk bbk ch rhgkth rhgkth pkr  ohcmk chb yunquh ch vhrmdmafamñn. Curfnth bf vhrmdmafamñn, akbkafr hb yunquh skgrh un pmsk k bksf ch aknarhtk. Hb dfgrmafnth chb ofrtmbbk chgh mncmafr hb nüohrk ch rhgkth f shr kgthnmck pkr hb ofrtmbbk ch rhgkth fprkpmfcfohnth kphrfck kphrfc k aufnck sh hnsfyf skgrh un yunquh ch vhrmdmafamñn vhrmdmafamñn ch unf curhzf hsphamdmafcf.

WHVXHWMOMHNSKQ CHB FWHF CH HNQF]K ] QX YWHYFWFAMKN Bks om omho hogr grks ks ch akna aknarh rhtk tk f shr  shr  Qhbha Qhb haam amñn ñn ch bf su suph phrd rdma mamh mh ch hn hnsf sfyk yk