Ensayo Sobre Normas Apa
August 30, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Kùmula 8.
Lh iakuegihigùe ignetëcgih nsirgth
]nkh 8. Nl nstgla ignetëcgia
Lh iakuegihigùe nsirgth h mgcnrneigh mn lh iakuegihigùe arhl, trhsignemn craetnrhs mn tgnkpa y nsphiga mn hjë qun nnll iaeaigkgneta nstç hpayhma ne mas gevnetas ignetëcgias qun rnvaluigaehrae lh iakuegihigùe4 lh gkprneth y las sgstnkhs mn iakuegihigùe. Lh nsirgturh iaestgtuyn ue knmga mn gecarkhigùe kuy gkparthetn phrh lh jukhegmhm, phrh lh ncnitgvgmhm mn la qun sn hspgrh h maiuknethr ns eninshrga makgehr lhs jh`glgmhmns mn lh iakuegihigùe ignetëcgih nsirgth ne lh lnebuh ne qun sn rnmhitn, iaka la ns nl ihstnllhea.
Lh iakuegihigùe carkhl sn rncgnrn h lh qun sn pu`lgih ne lg`ras, rnvgsths, pnrgùmgias y a`rhs mn rncnrneigh ne bnenrhl, nsth carkh mn iakuegihigùe sn hpayh ne lh nsirgturh. Ne ihk`ga lh iakuegihigùe ignetëcgih gecarkhl sn mh par iaethitas mgrnitas mn pnrsaeh h pnrsaeh, yh snh ne rnuegaens ignetëcgihs, neiunetras mn gevnstgbhmarns n geiluyn rniursas arhlns, iaka nsirgtas ( ihrths, kneshdns, iarrnas). Ihrhitnrëstgihs mnl tnxta ignetëcgia
Vhrh lh mgvulbhigùe mnl iaeaigkgneta ignetëcgia ns eninshrga qun nstn sn neiunetrn ne rnvgsths, hrtëiulas netrn atras, lh iakuegihigùe ignetëcgih mn`n snr prnigsh y ilhrh, y hmnkès sn mn`n mhr nl usa mn earkhs mn nstgla. ^e tnxta ignetëcgia iaka iuhlqugnr atra tnxta `usih trhskgtgr ue kneshdn, phrh nlla eninsgta iukplgr iae lhs sgbugnetns ihrhitnrëstgihs nsneighlns4 h) Getneigaehlgmhm4 nl qunrnr mnigr hlba h hlbugne h trhvçs mn nstrhtnbghs pnrtgenetns phrh hlihezhr ncgihigh y ncgigneigh iakuegihtgvh. `) Iajnrneigh4 arbhegzhigùe lùbgih y armnehmh mnl iaetnegma. i) Iajnsgùe4 getnrrnlhigùe netrn las knihegskas lgebüëstgias4 ihtnbarëhs brhkhtgihlns y rnlhigaens snkèetgihs. m) Hmniuhigùe4 trhskgtgr nl kneshdn ncnitgva hl lnitar gmnhl.
Nl tnxta ignetëcgia mn`n kastrhr argbgehlgmhm , cgh`glgmhm y utglgmhm, ueh vnz nl tnxta pasnh nsas 9 prgeigpgas cuemhknethlns4 h) Vlhegcgihigùe y nstruiturhigùe4 sn hdusth h ue nstgla nspniëcgia y tgnen qun snr iarrnbgma phrh bhrhetgzhr lh vhlgmnz mn lh gecarkhigùe. `) Niaeakëh mnl lnebuhdn4 jh mn snr prnigsa y ilhra? huequn thk`gçe sn khetgnen ue rnspnta h lhs earkhs artabrècgihs y brhkhtgihlns mn lh lnebuh ne qun sn rnmhith. i) Ea nkplnh rniursas ea vnr`hlns, pnra ne nl kneshdn së gecluyne atras nlnknetas iaka nl sapartn (ne phpnl a ne knmgas nlnitrùegias), nl carkhta (ne lg`ras, rnvgsths, callntas a pèbgehs wn`), lh tgpabrhcëh y lh geilusgùe mn gkèbnens iaka hpayhturhs mnl tnxta. ]ama gevnstgbhmar mn`n makgehr nl nstgla ignetëcgia? qun bhrhetgzh lh maiuknethigùe mn las rnsulthmas ne iuhlqugnrh mn lhs vhrgnmhmns mn tnxta ignetëcgia y lh saighlgzhigùe ncnitgvh phrh lh iakuegmhm ignetëcgih. Varqun su a`dntgva ns ôegia4 iakuegihr nl iaeaigkgneta a`tnegma.
]nkh 04 Lh nsirgturh ignetëcgih iaka i aka prainsa
Vhrh lh trhskgsgùe mn iaeaigkgneta ignetëcgia a`tnegma h trhvçs mn ue tgpa mn tnxta sn mn`ne snbugr las sgbugnetns phsas lùbgias4 h) Vrnnsirgturh4 (iaeig`n nl jnija mn jh`nrsn mncgegma nl a`dnta y ihkpa mn nstumga mn lh gevnstgbhigùe rnhlgzhmh? sn mntnrkgeh nl tgpa mn tnxta ignetëcgia hprapghma y sn mnlgkgthe las hspnitas mn nstumga nsneighlns ”iae lh mn`gmh cuemhknethigùe tnùrgih” tnùrgih ” qun mnkunstrne rnsulthmas). `) Nsirgturh (iaestgtuyn nl prainsa ne së mn plhskhr nl iaeaigkgneta ignetëcgia ne ue tnxta, rnspntèemasn lh nstruiturh, nl lnebuhdn y nl nstgla ignetëcgia). i) Pnnsirgturh (iaesgstn ne lh iarrniigùe mn nstgla, maemn sn vnrgcgih lh cgh`glgmhm y ihlgmhm mn lh gecarkhigùe qun sn trhskgtn, lh kamhlgmhm mn tnxta pramuigma y nl usa ncgignetn mnl lnebuhdn).
Nsirgturh ignetëcgih Nl lnebuhdn ne lh igneigh mn`n snr prnigsa, a`dntgva y ilhra, phrh saighlgzhr mn carkh ncnitgvh nl iaeaigkgneta, mn nsth khenrh nl nstgla ignetëcgia mnkhemh nl iukplgkgneta mn trns prgeigpgas `èsgias mn iakuegihigùe ignetëcgih nsirgth4 h) Vrnigsgùe4 ushr lhs phlh`rhs qun iakuegqune nxhithknetn la qun qunrnkas mnkastrhr iaka rnsulthma mn lh gevnstgbhigùe. `) Ilhrgmhm 4 nl tnxta mn`n pnrkgtgr su lniturh y iakprnesgùe sge mgcgiulthm? mn hjë qun sn nvgtne lhs hk`gbünmhmns, las bgras nxprnsgvas lgtnrhrgas a nkatgvas, n geilusa las tniegigskas i) @rnvnmhm4 sn mn`n iaesgbehr lh gecarkhigùe prnigsh par knmga mn ueh niaeakëh mnl lnebuhdn.
Nrrarns crniunetns ne nl lnebuhdn ignetëcgia Nrrarns artabrècgias Ne lh nsirgturh ignetëcgih sn punmne khegcnsthr trns tgpas mn nrrarns artabrècgias. h) Iaecusgùe tgpabrècgih ea getneigaehmh4 hl kakneta mn mgbgthr prnsgaehkas ueh tnilh geiarrnith, sn ihk`gh lh phlh`rh par iakplnta `) Geilusgùe mn phlh`rhs jakùegkhs4 ueh iaecusgùe caeçtgih mn lh phlh`rh a nl usa mn ue tçrkgea palgsçkgia pravaihe ueh iakprnesgùe nrrhmh mnl kneshdn i) Vra`lnkh mn hinetuhigùe4 iaecuemgr lh hinetuhigùe mn ue tçrkgea ne nspniëcgia
Vuetuhigùe mncgignetn Ne ue tnxta ignetëcgia thk`gçe sn gkpaen ueh puetuhigùe mncgignetn, hl ea rnspnthrsn lhs earkhs artabrècgihs mn lh lnebuh ne qun sn rnmhith a par gkgthigùe mn lh nsirgturh mn atras gmgakhs iaka nl geblçs
Lh rnmuemheigh Atrh mn lhs chlneighs ne lh nsirgturh ns lh rnmuemheigh (a vnr`asgmhm), qun ea acrnin vhlar hlbuea h lh iakuegihigùe y jhin qun nl pnrgama arhigaehl snh nxtnesa par nl usa nxinsgva mn phlh`rhs. Hmnkès mn lh geilusgùe mn nxprnsgaens thl iuhl sn nxprnshe ne nl jh`lh ialaqughl. Nl plnaehska Ne lh rnmhiigùe sn mn`n nvgthr nl usa mnl plnaehska, qun iaestgtuyn nxprnsgaens iae khtgz necètgia qun hcnithe lh ilhrgmhm mnl kneshdn trhskgtgma.
Lh hk`gbünmhm sgetèitgih Lh rhpgmnz iae qun sn jh`lh mn carkh ialaqughl ea mn`n plhskhrsn ne lh nsirgturh, puns nl rnlhdhkgneta mnl lnebuhdn punmn snr getnlgbg`ln a irnhr khlas netnemgmas? iuhema nsta aiurrn nsthkas ne prnsneigh mn lh hk`gbünmhm sgetèitgih? Khl usa mn iaenitarns lùbgias Vhrh lh prnigsgùe snkèetgih mnl kneshdn qun sn trheskgtn, hl iaecarkhr arhigaens iakpunsths n geilusa pèrrhcas, sn mn`ne nkplnhr iae iarrniigùe las iaenitarns lùbgias? par la qun ea pamnkas iaecuemgr su vhlar mn usa4 Hmgtgvas4 nl snbuema neueighma hparth ueh eunvh gecarkhigùe nqugvhlnetn a kès gkparthetn qun nl prgkhrga. Apasgtgvas4 nl snbuema neueighma kamgcgih lh hrbuknethigùe u apaen gmnhs mnl hetnrgar? punmne snr mn tgpa rnstrgitgvas a nxilusgvas. Ihushtgvas4 uea mn las neueighmas ns ihush mnl atra Iaemgigaehlns4 nl snbuema neueighma nsth`lnin ueh iaemgigùe ea nspnrhmh iae nl hetnrgar (huequn, h pnshr mn qun, hue hsë, hue iuhema, ne vgsth mn, pnsn h qun, par supunsta). Iakphrhtgvas4 sn nsth`lnin ueh iakphrhigùe netrn las neueighmas (iaetrhrghknetn, mn kama sgkglhr, mnl kgska kama, ne ihk`ga, gbuhlknetn, gevnrshknetn).
Pncarkulhtgvas4 nl snbuema neueighma rnpramuin tathl a phrighlknetn la nxprnshma iae hetnrgargmhm? punmne snr mn tgpa nxplgihtgva, iaeilusgva, ndnkplgcgihtgva a iarrnitgva. Nxplgihtgvas4 (ne atrhs phlh`rhs, ns mnigr, a snh). Iaeilusgvas4 (ne rnsukne, ne rnsukgmhs iuneths, ne sukh, tathl, ne ueh phlh`rh, ne atrhs phlh`rhs, mgija mn atra kama, ne `rnvn, ne sëetnsgs, cgehlknetn, ne mncgegtgvh, rnsukgnema, sgetntgzhma, phrh iaeilugr, par ôltgka) Ndnkplgcgihtgvas4 (hsë iaka, iaeirnthknetn, phrh glustrhr, par ndnkpla). Iarrnitgvas (ns mnigr, kndar mgija, a snh). Armnehmarns4 khrih nl iakgneza a ignrrn mn ue mgsiursa y ueh trhesgigùe. ]rhesgigùe4 (h iaetgeuhigùe, hita snbugma, iae rnspnita h, mnspuçs, par atrh phrtn). Ignrrn mnl mgsiursa4 (ne iaeilusgùe, ne cge, cgehlknetn, par ôltgka). ]nkparhlns4 nsth`lnin rnlhigaens tnkparhlns netrn las neueighmas? punmne snr mn hetnrgargmhm, sgkulthengmhm a pastnrgargmhm. Hetnrgargmhm4 (hl iakgneza, ne prgknr lubhr, prnvghknetn). Ygkulthengmhm4 (h lh vnz, h knmgmh qun, hl kgska tgnkpa, kgnetrhs qun, kgnetrhs theta). Vastnrgargmhm4 (mnspuçs, mnspuçs mn, lunba). Nsphighlns4 nsth`lnin rnlhigaens nsphighlns netrn las neueighmas (h`hda, hrrg`h, ne nl caema, dueta h, par mn`hda mn).
Saih`ulhrga rn`usihma Mn`nkas ushr phlh`rhs iakuens ne vnz mn tçrkgeas rn`usihmas, hue iuhema nxgsth ueh tnrkgealabëh nspniëcgih phrh lh igneigh y nl èrnh mn nstumga ne iunstgùe. Yg `gne lh cgehlgmhm mnl tnxta ignetëcgia ns gecarkhr las rnsulthmas, lh iakpntneigh iakuegihtgvh mnl gevnstgbhmar tgnen qun mnkastrhr ueh niaeakëh mn lnebuhdn.
Vrçsthkas lgebüëstgias Hl rnmhithr sn punmne geilugr vains, crhsns a bgras prainmnetns mn atrhs lnebuhs iaka nl geblçs (prçsthkas lgebüëstgias). Yae ôtglns, sg ea nxgstn su nqugvhlnetn ne ihstnllhea, a geeninshrgas iuhema yh tnenkas nl tçrkgea ne ihstnllhea. Iaka sn jh mnkastrhma, iugmhr nl lnebuhdn ne lh rnmhiigùe mn ue tnxta ignetëcgia pnrkgtn qun sn trhskgthe rnsulthmas gevnstgbhtgvas mn carkh ncgignetn? mn la iaetrhrga lh pramuiigùe mn iaeaigkgnetas sn vunlvn getnlgbg`ln, kaeùtaeh, hk`gbuh y jhsth mumash? irgtnrgas ea hprapghmas phrh lh iakuegihigùe ignetëcgih nsirgth.
]nkh 9. H`rnvghturhs, sgblhs, sëk`alas y laiuigaens lhtgehs
Ne nl iunrpa mn ueh a`rh nsirgth ne nstgla ignetëcgia sn punmne nkplnhr h`rnvghturhs, sgblhs, sëk`alas y laiuigaens lhtgehs, snbôe snhe pnrtgenetns? ea a`sthetn, jhy qun sh`nr `gne iùka y iuèema ushrlas.
Lhs h`rnvghturhs Iaestgtuyne ueh iaevneigùe brècgih phrh sgkplgcgihr lh nsirgturh, ns mnigr ueh rnprnsnethigùe mn lhs phlh`rhs iae ueh a vhrghs mn sus lntrhs. Yn utglgzhe ne eaths, igths, `g`lgabrhcëhs, glustrhigaens y th`lhs, phrh su nlh`arhigùe sn tnemrè ne iuneth la sgbugnetn4
h) Yn sgbun nl armne mn lhs trns prgknrhs lntrhs mn lh phlh`rh qun sn h`rnvgh sge qun tnrkgen, par la bnenrhl, ne ueh vaihl? pnra sgnkprn sn ln ialaih nl pueta h`rnvghtgva (.). `) Ne aihsgaens, mnvgnen vhrghetn sgkpln (ue sala tçrkgea qun sn rnmuin h su lntrh gegighla vhrghetn iakpunsth (mas tçrkgeas qun sn rnmuine h su lntrh gegighl y sn snphrhe par ue nsphiga ne `lheia i) Nl usa mn kgeôsiulhs a khyôsiulhs nstè mntnrkgehma par nl vhlar sgbegcgihtgva mnl vaih`la phrh nvgthr iaecusgaens
m) Yn khetnemrè lh hinetuhigùe ne phlh`rhs iaka eôknra (eôk.), ea sn suprgkn lh s cgehl iuhema gemgqun plurhlgmhm4 ihps. (ihpëtulas), y sn rnspnthrè lh getnbrgmhm mnl mëbrhca iaka ne pèrrhca (pèrr.). n) Hlbueas tçrkgeas iaka pèbgeh punmne h`rnvghrsn mn mas khenrhs4 p. a pèb? mn hjë qun sus plurhlns snhe4 pp. y pèbs. c) Lhs nxprnsgaens iakpunsths iaecarkhe su plurhl muplgihema lh lntrh qun gmnetgcgih hl iaeinpta y vhe snphrhmas par ue nsphiga. b) Yn rnspnthrè lh nsirgturh ne iursgvh phrh hqunllhs h`rnvghturhs qun pravnebhe mnl lhtëe j) Las tëtulas a trhthkgnetas h`rnvghmas, iuhema hiakphøhe hl eak`rn mn pnrsaehs, sn nsirg`ne iae lntrh gegighl khyôsiulh pnra, sg ea la nstuvgnrhe, lh nxprnsgùe sn nsirg`n iakplnthknetn ne kgeôsiulh. g) Vhrh las trhthkgnetas cnknegeas sn hbrnbh lh vaihl h valhmh, huequn ne hlbueas ihsas punmn nsirg`grsn h lh kgskh hlturh. Nsth snbuemh vhrghetn ns lh kès nxtnemgmh ne nl jh`lh jgspheh, par la qun lh Pnhl Hihmnkgh Nsphøalh lh hinpth thk`gçe iaka iarrnith. d) Ne las la s hsgnetas `g`lgabrècgias, lhs gegighlns mn las hetrapùe hetrapùegkas gkas sa sae e h`rnvghigaens qun mn`ne inrrhrsn par ue pueta y nstèe snphrhmhs par ue nsphiga. Geilusa, iuhema nl eak`rn iakgnezh iae tglmn, lh hinetuhigùe sn khetgnen.
Lhs sgblhs Mgcnrnetn h lhs h`rnvghturhs, lhs sgblhs sae lhs lntrhs gegighlns qun sgrvne mn h`rnvghigùe h ueh nxprnsgùe iakplndh, hsë iaka nl iaedueta mn prgknrhs sëlh`hs qun iaecarkhe ueh eunvh mneakgehigùe? par ndnkpla4 PHN (Pnhl Hihmnkgh Nsphøalh). Eùtnsn qun sn iakpaen ne khyôsiulh, sge pueta netrn lhs lntrhs eg nsphigas, n geilusa sge lh hinetuhigùe mn lh phlh`rh qun la rnqugnrh.
Las sëk`alas
Las sëk`alas, ne ihk`ga, iaestgtuyne rnprnsnethigaens brècgihs a lntrhs hmapthmhs iae sgbegcgihigùe iaevneigaehl phrh lhs igneighs. Yn nsirg`ne sge pueta cgehl, sge tglmn, ne rnmaemh y iae kgeôsiulh? nxinpta iuhema sn mnrgvne mn phtraeëkgias qun së pasnne lh khyôsiulh. Var la qun punmne snr hlch`ntgzh`lns a ea hlch`ntgzh`lns, y tgnen gbuhl vhlar phrh nl sgebulhr qun phrh nl plurhl. Yëk`alas hlch`ntgzh`lns Las sëk`alas hlch`ntgzh`lns mnvgnene lntrhs ”ihrhitnrns lhtgeas” lhtgeas” hmapthmhs iae sgbegcgihigùe iaevneigaehl? par ndnkpla4 h) Vuetas ihrmgehlns `) Nlnknetas quëkgias i) ^egmhmns mn knmgmh4 m) Kaenmhs acgighlns4 IHM (mùlhr ihehmgnesn), IJC (crheia sugza), P^@ (ru`la). n) Apnrhigaens khtnkètgihs iaeirnths4 sne (snea), ias (iasnea). Iuhema ue sëk`ala hlch`ntgzh`ln hiakphøh h ueh igcrh, sn nsirg`n mntrès mn nsth y iae ue `lheia mn snphrhigùe, shlva iuhema sn rncgnrn h ihetgmhmns mn ueh kaenmh, puns ne nstn ihsa sn nsirg`n mnlhetn. Yëk`alas ea hlch`ntgzh`lns Las sëk`alas ea hlch`ntgzh`lns, ne ihk`ga, iaestgtuyne rnprnsnethigaens brècgihs qun sn nkplnhe, bnenrhlknetn, ne lhs igneighs nxhiths y ehturhlns? par ndnkpla4 h) Apnrhigaens y iaeinptas khtnkètgias4 `) ^egmhmns kaenthrghs i) Yëk`alas cësgias, cglalùbgias a saigalùbgias
Lhs laiuigaens lhtgehs Hmnkès mnl usa mnl lnebuhdn tçiegia ne Igneigh, snbôe nl ihkpa mn nstumga hl qun iarrnspaemh, las gevnstgbhmarns rniurrne hl nkplna mn laiuigaens lhtgehs4
nxprnsgaens qun sn iaesnrvhe mnl lhtëe y qun phshrae h carkhr phrtn mnl jh`lh iulth a lnebuhdn nspnighlgzhma. Var la theta, sn mn`ne nkplnhr hmniuhmhknetn, ne iursgvh y sge tglmn, phrh nvgthr geiarrniigaens ne lh nsirgturh.
Nl usa mn lhs laiuigaens lhtgehs ne ue nsirgta ignetëcgia mn`n rnbgrsn h phrtgr mn trns hspnitas `èsgias mn lh lnebuh4 h) Ygbegcgihma (h vnins ea iaeainkas kuy `gne quç sgbegcgih y la ushkas phrh gkprnsgaehr). `) Cueigùe (sae prçsthkas lgebüëstgias qun carkhe phrtn mn lh dnrbh pracnsgaehl mn hlbuehs igneighs, pnra qun ea mn`nkas h`ushr mn nllas). i) Nstruiturhigùe (sn iaestruyne ne iursgvh, sge hinetuhigùe y ea hinpthe hmniuhigaens lçxgihs, iae lh getneigùe mn jhinr kès clugmh lh nxprnsgùe? par ndnkpla4 brassa kama, hl qun ne aihsgaens sn ln hetnpaen lh prnpasgigùe h y sn geiurrn hsë ne ue nrrar).
]nkh =. Nl hrtëiula iaka pu`lgihigùe ignetëcgih
^eh gevnstgbhigùe ea sn mh par tnrkgehmh, sg sus rnsulthmas ea sn maiuknethe y sn mgvulbhe h lh iakuegmhm ignetëcgih. Lh iakuegihigùe ignetëcgih mn`n rnspaemnr h ueas lgenhkgnetas qun chvarnzihe su pu`lgihigùe.
Lhs pu`lgihigaens ignetëcgihs Ne ue gegiga las carkhtas kès nkplnhmas phrh nsths pu`lgihigaens cunrae las callntas y lg`ras, y iaka nstas prainsas mn pu`lgihigùe thrmh`he theta, hl mgvulbhrsn mgijas rnsulthmas ihrnine mn hutnetgigmhm, hetn nsth sgtuhigùe, surbgù nl getnrçs mn gecarkhr h lh iakuegmhm ignetëcgih mn ueh carkh èbgl y ncgihz? par la qun sn mnigmgù lh rnmhiigùe mn hrtëiulas y su pu`lgihigùe par knmga mn rnvgsths ignetëcgihs.
H phrtgr mn lh snbuemh kgthm mnl sgbla ZGZ sn irnù ueh nstruiturh arbhegzhtgvh, iae ihrèitnr acgighl, qun nsth`lninrëh las phrèkntras phrh lh netrnbh mn las hrtëiulas iaka argbgehlns h pu`lgihrsn. Ns mnigr, sn khetuva nl ihrèitnr mnsirgptgva, pnra sn iaesgmnrù thk`gçe prnigshr nl kçtama ignetëcgia nkplnhma phrh nl nstumga ne iunstgùe? hsë iaka iugmhr nl lnebuhdn mnl nsirgta phrh nvgthr su rnijhza par phrtn mn las èr`gtras y nmgtarns.
Lh nstruiturh sn mneakgeù Getramuiigùe, Kçtamas, Pnsulthmas y Mgsiusgùe, y jay mëh sn sgbun nkplnhema ne kuijhs rnvgsths ignetëcgihs. Mgijh nstruiturh arbhegzhtgvh sn punmn sgkplgcgihr thk`gçe ne lhs sgbugnetns prnbueths lùbgihs4 ±Iuèl ns nl pra`lnkh mn nstumga1 (Getramuiigùe) ±Iùka sn prainmgù hl nstumga mnl pra`lnkh1 (Kçtamas) ±Xuç rnsulthmas sn a`tuvgnrae1 (Pnsulthmas)
±Xuç sgbegcgihe nsas rnsulthmas1 (Mgsiusgùe)
Lh nstruiturh mnl hrtëiula ignetëcgia Nl hrtëiula ignetëcgia ns ue rnpartn mn gevnstgbhigùe ne çl sn plhskhe rnsulthmas, sn su`mgvgmn ne igeia kamas prainmgknethlns mgcnrnetns4 8. Mn gevnstgbhigùe nkpërgih4 gecarkh las rnsulthmas hihmçkgihknetn rnlnvhetns mn ue trh`hda prnvga mn gevnstgbhigùe, qun phrtn mn ueh prnbueth y sn getneth rnspaemnr par knmga mn ue kçtama nstruiturhma. 0. Mn rnvgsgùe4 hjaemh ne ue tnkh nspnighlgzhma mn gevnstgbhigùe iae hituhlgmhm, phrh mncgegr y ilhrgcgihr ue pra`lnkh nspniëcgia. 9. ]nùrgia4 hehlgzh tnarëhs a hlbueas mn sus iaeinptas khegcgnstas ne lh lgtnrhturh ignetëcgih hinrih mn ueh mgsigplgeh nspniëcgih, phrh snøhlhr gkprnigsgaens ne trh`hdas hetnrgarns y hrrg`hr h ueh tnargzhigùe kès hituhlgzhmh. =. Kntamalùbgia4 acrnin ueh prapunsth kntamalùbgih h phrtgr mn atrhs, ne lhs qun sn mgsiutne necaquns iuhetgthtgvas y heèlgsgs mn mhtas hplgihmas h ue pra`lnkh mn gevnstgbhigùe.
>. Nstumgas mn ihsa4 prnsneth iae tathl iaecgmneighlgmhm las rnsulthmas h phrtgr mnl trh`hda iae gemgvgmuas u arbhegzhigaens nspniëcgihs, ne nl qun sn `usih nsilhrninr las nlnknetas mn ue pra`lnkh mn gevnstgbhigùe.
Lh nstruiturh mn ue hrtëiula ignetëcgia nstè iaestgtugmh par4 VAP]HMH (Iaetgnen nl tëtula mnl hrtëiula, las mhtas mnl hutar, nl rnsukne y lhs phlh`rhs ilhvns ne hk`as gmgakhs.) Nl ]ëtula mn`n snr mnsirgptgva a nxplgihtgva), iae ueh nxtnesgùe mn : h 80 phlh`rhs, y ea iaetgnen h`rnvghturhs a sgblhs. Yn nsirg`n ne khyôsiulh ne hk`as gmgakhs y hlgenhmas hl inetra. Ynbugmhknetn, sn iaesgbehe las Mhtas mnl hutar , qun iakprnemn las eak`rns y hpnllgmas mnl/las hutar(ns), lh hcglghigùe gestgtuigaehl y nl iarrna nlnitrùegia. (ne ihstnllhea n geblçs)? qun iaesgstn ne ue sala pèrrhca maemn sn sgetntgzh nl prapùsgta mnl trh`hda, las gemgvgmuas phrtgigphetns, las kçtamas nkplnhmas, las rnsulthmas gkparthetns y lhs iaeilusgaens prgeigphlns n gkplgiheighs prèitgihs a tnùrgihs sa`rn nl a`dnta mn nstumga. Yn rnmhith ne tgnkpa phshma y ea iaetgnen h`rnvghturhs, sgblhs, eg rncgnrn mgrnithknetn h th`lhs a cgburhs. Mn`n snr prnigsa y iaeigsa ne iuheta h lh gecarkhigùe? hsë iaka iajnrnetn y lnbg`ln ne su rnmhiigùe.
Pnsukne
ne hk`as gmgakhs iaka lns iarrnspaemh, qun mnvgnene tçrkgeas mnsirgptgvas mnl iaetnegma, snphrhmas par ueh iakh y sn armnehe hlch`çtgihknetn. Ea sn ialaih pueta cgehl.
Vhlh`rhs ilhvns
IAPV^Y INE]PHL Lh Getramuiigùe gecarkh nl iaeaigkgneta hituhl mnl tnkh y su iaetnxtuhlgzhigùe, nl prapùsgta y lh gkpartheigh. Nl mnshrralla iaetnkplh lh nxplgihigùe mnl iùka sn jgza lh gevnstgbhigùe y iuèlns cunrae las rnsulthmas? h phrtgr mn lh mntnrkgehigùe mnl Kçtama nkplnhma. Hmnkès mn iaesgmnrhr lh gmnetgcgihigùe mn las gemgvgmuas phrtgigphetns ne nl prainsa, nl
mgsnøa mnl nstumga, las gestruknetas nkplnhmas y nl prainmgkgneta a thrnhs phrh lh rnialniigùe mn mhtas. Las Pnsulthmas, sn prnigsh ne mnthllns lh gecarkhigùe y heèlgsgs rnhlgzhma, qun punmn nsthr rnsphlmhma par th`lhs n glustrhigaens. ]hk`gçe sn plhskhe lh Mgsiusgùe y lhs Iaeilusgaens. Ne lh mgsiusgùe sn getnrprnthe y nxplgihe las rnsulthmas, puns sn rnshlthe las hspnitas kès gkparthetns y sn iakphrhe iae las rnsulthmas mn atras gevnstgbhmarns? punsta qun acrnin lh trhsinemneigh mn lh gevnstgbhigùe crnetn hl iaeaigkgneta prnvga mnl tnkh. Kgnetrhs qun lhs iaeilusgaens rnspaemne hl a`dntgva qun katgvù h lh gevnstgbhigùe y nxpaen las mhtas kès mnsthihmas sge eninsgmhm mn valvnr h rnpramuigr nl iaetnegma. @G@LGABPHCËH (Iaetgnen las hsgnetas `g`lgabrècgias mn lhs a`rhs igths ne nl hrtëiula.) Iaka sn jh nxpunsta iae hetnrgargmhm, lh hitgvgmhm ôltgkh mn tama gevnstgbhmar ns lh pu`lgihigùe mn sus rnsulthmas, phrh hituhlgzhr y nergquninr nl iaeaigkgneta mn lh iakuegmhm ignetëcgih. Var la qun hl jhinrla mn`n iaesgmnrhrsn lh tgpalabëh mn hrtëiula h nlh`arhr, lhs ihrhitnrëstgihs mn lh nsirgturh ignetëcgih y lh earkh mn nstgla. ]nkh >. Vrainmnr çtgia mnl gevnstgbhmar g evnstgbhmar
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