Ensayo Sobre Desarrollo Local

 

OI[MS@ [@GWO NO[MWW@HH@ H@KMH.

[o tcoio tcoio quo quo oh nosm nosmrr` rr`hh` hh` h`km h`kmhh i` os lís quo ui pr`k pr`kos` os` n`ino n`ino oxcst oxcsto o hm ncvorscfckmkcûi ncvorscfck mkcûi y oh oircquokclcoit` oircquokclcoit` no t`nms mquohhms mquohhms mktcvcnmn mktcvcnmnos os ok`iûlckms ok`iûlckms y s`kcmhos no ui torrct`rc` notorlcimn`. Ost` i`s kuostc`im pmrm ostmghokor h`s lãt`n`s pmrm oh nosmrr`hh` h`kmh, rodc`imh, imkc`imh o citorimkc`imh. No osto l`n`, hm i`kcûi no nosmrr`hh` h`kmh mpmroko oi Fr Frmi mikc kcm m oi oh l`lo l`loit it` ` oi quo, quo, oi h`s h`s mý`s mý`s =341 =341,, mhdu mhdui` i`s s mut` mut`ro ros s t`lm t`lmi i k`ikcoikcm no quo sus torrct`rc`s i` so goiofckcmr`i no hms drminos k`rrcoitos noh nosmrr`hh` ok`iûlck` no hm p`sduorrm. Qmrm ohh`s, so trmtm oit`ikos no oxtrmor  hoyos hoy os lmkr`o lmkr`ok` k`iû iûlck lckms ms y no `rcoi `rcoitm tmrr su nostci nostci` ` sodú sodúi i nokcs nokcsc`i c`ios os t`lmn t`lmnms ms h`kmhloito, toicoin` p`r `gjotcv` l`vchczmr hms p`toikcmhcnmnos y h`s rokurs`s no drup`s s`kcmhos y no k`luicnmnos h`kmhos, k`i oh fci no oxtrmor ui goiofckc` s`kcmh y ok`iûlck`, oi prclor hudmr pmrm h`s drup`s oi kuostcûi. No t`n` ost` p`nol`s nokcr quo oh nosmrr`hh` h`kmh k`rrosp`ino m uim krìtckm noh fuikc` fui kc`im imlco lcoit` it` ok`iû ok`iûlck lck` ` k`i k`i oh `gjot `gjot` ` no k`itr k`itrmrr mrrost ostmr mr hms k`hok k`hoktcv tcvcnm cnmnos nos eulmi eu lmims, ms, no t`nms t`nms lmior lmiorms ms oh no nosm smrr` rr`hh` hh` h`kmh h`kmh k`in k`inuk uko o m k`isc k`iscno normr rmr quo quo oh nosmrr` nos mrr`hh` hh` i` nogorìm nogorìm sor úickmloi úickmloito to i` so norcvm noh vmh`r ok`iûlc ok`iûlck` k` no hms ncforoit ncfo roitos os mktcvcnm mktcvcnmnos, nos, ic no h`s scstolms scstolms no pr`nukkc pr`nukkcûi ûi `rdmiczm `rdmiczmn` n` y no hms cistctukc`ios koitrmhczmnms, sci` quo ostíi hcdmn`s m luke`s fmkt`ros k`l` os oh kms` no hms mktcvcnmnos no l`vchczmkcûi no p`ghmkc`ios h`kmhos oi lcrm no mhdúi gcoiostmr k`lúi ` pmrtckuhmr. H`s nofois`ros noh nosmrr`hh` s`kcmh nofcoinoi quo i` úickmloito nogol`s toior  oi kuoitm oh nosmrr`hh` nosmrr`hh` oxp`ioikcmh no h`s gcoios y sorvckc`s pr`nukcn`s, pr`nukcn`s, sci` quo so nogo porlctcr toior oi kuoitm hms iokoscnmnos lmtorcmhos, s`kcmhos, kuhturmhos y ponmdûdckms no hms pors`ims no ui notorlcimn` hudmr. Oh nosm nosmrr` rr`hh` hh` h`kmh h`kmh os ui pr`ko pr`kos` s` n`in n`ino o so puon puono o `rdm `rdmicz iczmr mr oh futur futur` ` no ui torrct`rc`, k`l` oh rosuhtmn` no uim phmicfckmkcûi quo os hovmnm p`r ncforoitos mdoitos h`kmhos h`s kumhos citorvcoioi oi oh pr`kos`, h`s kumhos tcoioi oh fci no mpr`voke mpr` vokemr mr h`s rokurs`s rokurs`s imturmh imturmhos os y lmtorcmh lmtorcmhos os no ui notorlci notorlcimn` mn` torrct`r torrct`rc`, c`,

 

scolpro y kumin` so lmitoidm uim oxkohoito iod`kcmkcûi no ncmh`d` k`i h`s mdoitos s`kcmhos, ok`iûlck`s y p`hìtck`s. Oh nosmrr`hh` scolpro ostí oilmrkmn` oi hm gúsquonm noh gcoiostmr s`kcmh y hm loj`rm no hm kmhcnmn no vcnm no uim k`luicnmn h`kmh nopoincoin` no luke`s fmkt`ros tmit` púghck`s k`l` prcvmn`s quo s`i h`s quo rosp`inoi m hm ostrmtodcm no ui nosmrr`hh` t`tmhloito k`isoisumnm k`i t`n`s h`s mkt`ros clphckmn`s. [o tcoio quo oh nosmrr`hh` h`kmh os oh pr`kos` loncmito oh kumh oh d`gcori` y h`s ncforoit ncfo roitos os drup`s drup`s no uim k`luicn k`luicnmn mn s`i h`s quo notorlc notorlcimi imi mnlcicst mnlcicstrmr rmr sus rokur rok urs`s s`s pmrm pmrm kromr kromr iuov iuov`s `s olpho` olpho`s, s, os ostcl tcluhm uhmin in` ` hm mk mktcv tcvcn cnmn mn ok`iû ok`iûlck lckm m cinckmi cinc kmin` n` ncke` ncke` pr`kos` pr`kos` hm f`rlmkcû f`rlmkcûi i no iuovms iuovms cistctu cistctukc`i kc`ios, os, nosmrr` nosmrr`hh` hh` no cinustrcms, kromr iuovms mhtorimtcvms no s`hukcûi m h`s pr`gholms.

Dchgort Wcst (7117) tmlgcãi lcrm oh nosmrr`hh` k`l` ‘uim k`istrukkcûi no qucoi h` `gsorvm“. Hms roprosoitmkc`ios quo so ms`kcmi k`i ãh y hms príktckms quo clphckm vmrìm vmr ìmi i rm rmnck nckmhl mhloi oito to sodúi sodúi so mn`pt mn`pto o oh puit` puit` no vcstm vcstm noh noh ‘nos ‘nosmrr mrr`hh `hhmn mn`r `r“, “, k`lpr`lotcn` oi emkor hhodmr hm fohckcnmn m h`s nolís, ` oh noh ‘nosmrr`hhmn`“, `ghcdmn` m l`ncfckmr sus rohmkc`ios, s`kcmhos s`kcmhos y k`i hm imturmhozm, pmrm oitrmr oi oh luin` iuov` quo so ho pr`loto. [oýmhm hm D^Z quo oh Nosmrr`hh` H`kmh os ui k`ikopt` lís mlphc` quo oh no Nosmrr`hh` Ok`iûlck` H`kmh (NOH), p`rquo mgmrkm oh nosmrr`hh` no uim rodcûi quo civ`hukrm civ`hukr m nosmrr`hh` no hms k`luicnmnos, k`luicnmnos, s`kcmh, mlgcoitmh, cistctukc`imh cistctukc`imh y `tr` tcp` no cickcmtcvms h`kmhos oikmlcimnms mh gcoiostmr doiormh no hm p`ghmkcûi. Lís gcoi NOH f`rlm pmrto pmrto noh pr`kos` pr`kos` no nosmrr` nosmrr`hh` hh` h`kmh h`kmh k`i f`kmhcz f`kmhczmkc mkcûi ûi m mspokt` mspokt`s s ok`iûlck`s2 oi oh ílgct` rodc`imh so k`lpholoitmi y oikuoitrm sciordcms pmrm su romhczmkcûi romhczmk cûi y s`stoicgchcnmn. s`stoicgchcnmn. Msclcsl` so ncforoikcm ncforoikcm noh nosmrr`hh` nosmrr`hh` ok`iûlck`, quo os `tr` k`ikopt` lís mlphc` no nosmrr`hh` m icvoh no ;7 pmìsos, quo mgmrkm oh ílgct` doiormh no p`hìtckm ok`iûlckm imkc`imh y lmrk` hodmh no olpho`. NOH os ui k`ikopt` torrct`rcmh. [o k`ikoptumhczm NOH k`l` ui pr`kos` oi lmrkem p`r  lonc` noh kumh h`s mkt`ros khmvo y hms cistctukc`ios no hm s`kconmn kcvch, noh sokt`r 

 

púgh pú ghck ck` ` y pr prcv cvmn mn` ` trmg trmgmj mjmi mi k`ij k`ijui uitm tmlo loit ito o pmrm mrm krom kromrr voit voitmj mjms ms úick úickms ms y ncforoikcmnms pmrm su rodcûi y sus olprosms, mfr`itmi hms fmhhms noh lorkmn`, roluov rol uovoi oi `gstí `gstíku kuh`s h`s gur`k gur`krít rítck` ck`s s pmrm pmrm h`s iod`k iod`kc` c`s s h`kmho h`kmhos s y f`rtm f`rtmhok hokoi oi hm k`lpotctcvcnmn no hms olprosms h`kmhos pmrm hm doiormkcûi no lís y loj`ros olpho`s. [o tcoio tcoio quo quo hm ok`i` ok`i`lìm lìm os ui nosmr nosmrr` r`hh` hh` h`kmh h`kmh,, hm kumh kumh os uim nclois ncloiscûi cûi clp`rtmito clp`rtmit o hm kumh i` nogo ncrokkc`imr ncrokkc`imr h`s pr`kos`s, pr`kos`s, emy quo toior oi kuoitm quo hm ok`i`lìm os ui lonc` i` ui fci. Oi oh nosmrr`hh` h`kmh i` so puono nojmr m ui hmn` hm dh`gmhczmkcûi, oi goiofckc` noh nosmrr`hh` h`kmh scolpro so mspcrm oi oh ncsoý` no cistruloit`s y p`hìtckms no dostcûi pmrm oh mpr`vokemlcoit` no h`s rokurs`s h`kmhos oinûdoi`s pr`kurmin` hm trmisf`rlmkcûi no h`s scstolms pr`nuktcv`s h`kmhos y rodc`imhos. Q`nol`s nokcr  quo oh nosmrr`hh` h`kmh os ui loj`rmlcoit` no hm k`lpotctcvcnmn noh scstolm h`kmh no hms olprosms y oh loj`rmlcoit` no hm k`lpotctcvcnmn no su oit`ri` scolpro guskmin` oh krokclcoit` no hm ok`i`lìm h`kmh noh olpho` y muloit` noh cidros` no hms fmlchcms, hms kumhos os hcnormn` p`r h`s d`gcori`s h`kmhos, k`luicnmn h`kmh y ms`kcmkc`ios olprosmrcmhos y hms cistctukc`ios no mp`y`. Hm nofc nofcic ickc kcûi ûi no nosm nosmrr rr`h `hh` h` h`km h`kmhh k` k`ih ihho hovm vm m ncvo ncvord rdoi oikc kcm m no p`sc p`sckc kc`i `ios os y ncskusc`ios s`gro h` quo os nosmrr`hh` h`kmh. G`cscor (=333) loikc`im quo oxcsto k`ifusc k`i fuscûi ûi mkmnãlc mkmnãlckm km s`gro s`gro oh nosm nosmrr` rr`hh` hh` torrct`r torrct`rcmh, cmh, rodc`im rodc`imh, h, h`kmh, h`kmh, oinûdoi oinûdoi`, `, noskoitrmhczmn` y no mgmj`-mrrcgm2 oh mut`r khmrcfckm kmnm p`sckcûi por` tcoino m fusc`i fus c`imr mr h`s k`ik k`ikopt opt`s `s y k`ivo k`ivortc rtcrh` rh`s s oi uim gmso gmso toûrc toûrckm km quo quo cinck cinckm m quo quo h`s nosmrr`hh`s loikc`imn`s so oikuoitrmi ostrokemloito k`ioktmn`s y tcoinoi m doiormr nosmrr`hh` nosno h` h`kmh. G`cscor G`csc or (=333 (=333)) k`lpmr k`lpmrm m oh nosm nosmrr` rr`hh` hh` mh ―pmrmì ―pmrmìs` s` porn porncn` cn`–– y mfcrlm mfcrlm quo quo ‘…oh ‘…oh nosmrr`hh` os hm ut`pìm s`kcmh p`r oxkohoikcm“ (p. ?). [ci olgmrd`, oh mut`r mkhmrm quo hm k`ikopkcûi k`ikopkcûi no tmh ut`pìm i` sci` quo rmnckm oi lúhtcphos nofcickc`i nofcickc`ios os y ncloisc`ios. ncloisc`i os. Emghmin` Emghmin` noh nosmrr`hh` nosmrr`hh` torrct`rcmh, G`cscor (=333) h` rohmkc`im k`i ‘hm oskmhm do`drífckm no ui pr`kos` y i` m su sustmikcm“, y k`itcium nofcicoin` nosmrr`hh` rodc`imh k`l`‘…ui pr`kos` no kmlgc` ostrukturmh h`kmhczmn` (oi ui ílgct` torrct`rcmh noi`lcimn` noi`lcimn` ―rodcûi–) quo so ms`kcm m ui porlmioito porlmioito pr`kos` no pr`dros` no hm pr`pcm rodcûi, no hm k`luicnmn ` s`kconmn quo emgctm oi ohhm y no kmnm cincvcnu` lcolgr` no tmh k`luicnmn y emgctmito no tmh torrct`rc`“ (p. 4).

 

Oh nosmr nosmrr` r`hh` hh` h`kmh h`kmh so oiku oikuoit oitrm rm kmrm kmrmkto ktorcz rczmn mn` ` sodúi sodúi G`csc G`cscor or (=33 (=333) 3) p`r uim uim ―kmpchmrcnmn– n`ino k`ivordoi vmrc`s tcp`s no nosmrr`hh`, y oxphckm quo ‘…nurmito uim ui m fm fmso so ci cick ckcm cmhh noh noh kckh kckh` ` hmrd hmrd` ` no oxpm oxpmis iscû cûi i torr torrct ct`r `rcm cmhh no h`s h`s pr`k pr`kos os`s `s no krokclcoit` y nosmrr`hh`, oh krokclcoit` puono sor cinukcn` nosno mrrcgm y tmlgcãi nosno no sno mgmj` mgmj`,, por` por` oh nosm nosmrr` rr`hh` hh` so l`strm l`strmrí rí scolpr scolpro o k`l` k`l` ui pr`ko pr`kos` s` h`kmh, h`kmh, oinûdoi`, noskoitrmhczmn`, kmpchmr y k`itciu` ` ncsk`itciu` s`gro oh torrct`rc`“ (p. =3).  G`cscor (=333) ncko quo oh `rcdoi noh nosmrr`hh` surdcû k`l` rospuostm m k`itoxt`s ospokìfck`s notorlcimn`s p`r rmkc`imhcnmnos no tros tcp`s: koitr`-porcforcm our` kãitrckmdh`gmhczmnm. Mnckc`imhloito, Kmhmfmtc (=335 kctmn` oi G`cscor, =333) emghm kûl` oh nosmrr`hh` h`kmh so kmrmktorczm p`r ui k`lp`ioito no ―scstolm h`kmh– quo os k`lphoj` y mgcort` quo citormktúm k`istmitoloito k`istmitoloito k`i su oit`ri` oit`ri`.. Q`r su hmn`, Vísquoz- Gmrquor` (7111) loikc`im quo oxcstoi kmrmktorìstckms fmv`rmghos pmrm ―h`s scstolms pr`nuktcv`s h`kmhos– k`l` ‘…hm ncsp`icgchcnmn no uim `fortm no lmi` no `grm, (…), uicn` m uim kmpmkcnmn olprosmrcmh y `rdmiczmtcvm (…) y m uim kuhtu kuhturm rm mt mtoit oitm m m hms cii`v cii`vmk mkc`i c`ios os ymh kmlgc` kmlgc`““ (p. (p. ?). ?). [odú [odúi i oh mut`r mut`r,, `trm `trms s km kmrm rmkt ktor orìs ìstc tckm kms s puon puonoi oi k`in k`inck ckc` c`im imrr oh nosm nosmrr rr`h `hh` h` h`km h`kmhh k`l` k`l` ‘hm ‘hm f`rl f`rlm m no `r `rdmi dmiczm czmkcû kcûi i pr`nu pr`nuktc ktcvm, vm, hms ostruk ostruktur turms ms fmlch fmlchcm cmros ros y trmnc trmnckc` kc`io ios s h`kmho h`kmhos, s, hm ostrukturm s`kcmh y kuhturmh y h`s kûncd`s no k`inuktm no hm p`ghmkcûi…“ (p. 6). Fcimhloito, Vísquoz-Gmrquor` (7111) loikc`im oh nosmrr`hh` olprosmrcmh k`l` kmrmktor kmrm ktorìstc ìstckm km osoikc osoikcmh mh noh ok`iûl ok`iûlck` ck` h`kmh h`kmh.. Oxcstoi Oxcstoi uims uims ncloisc ncloisc`io `ios s noh nosmrr`hh` h`kmh: Vísquoz-Gmrquor` (7111) roforoikcm K`ffoy & Q`hos (=35?) y [töer (=35?) pmrm cnoitcfckmr hms tros ncloisc`ios noh nosmrr`hh` h`kmh: ok`iûlckm, s`kc`-k s`k c`-kuhtu uhturmh rmh y p`hìtckm p`hìtckm-mnl -mnlcics cicstrmt trmtcvm. cvm. Oi hm ncloiscû ncloiscûi i ok`iûlc ok`iûlckm, km, Vísquo VísquozzGmrquor` (7111) oxphckm quo oh ojo koitrmh os ui scstolm pr`nuktcv` h`kmh quo guskm h`drmr ‘… oh muloit` no hm pr`nuktcvcnmn y no hm k`lpotctcvcnmn“ (p.=4) y ostí kmrmktorczmn` p`r rohmkc`ios gmsmnms oi hm k`ifcmizm y oh k`i`kclcoit`, oh citorkml cito rkmlgc` gc` no pr`nukt` pr`nukt`s, s, k`luick k`luickmkcû mkcûi i no cif`rlm cif`rlmkcûi kcûi y k``por k``pormkcû mkcûi i ‘pmrm ‘pmrm `gto `g toio iorr hms hms ok`i ok`i`l `lìm ìms s no oskm oskmhm hm y ronu ronukc kcrr h`s h`s k`st k`stos os no trmi trmism smkk kkcû cûi“ i“ (p. =1). =1). Mnckc Mnckc`i `imhl mhloi oito, to, oh mut`r mut`r oxphc oxphckm km k`l k`l` ` hm toki toki`h` `h`dì dìm m o cii`v cii`vmk mkcûi cûi so k`ivcortoi oi pchmros pmrm doiormr kmpmkcnmn ‘…no citr`nukcr y nosmrr`hhmr iuov`s pmrmncdl pmrm ncdlms ms pr`nuktcv` pr`nuktcv`s s oi oh scstolm scstolm pr`nuktcv pr`nuktcv` ` h`kmh“ h`kmh“ (p. ==) y no ostmghoko ostmghokor  r  rospuostms mito ‘…hms iokoscnmnos y nosmfì`s noh oit`ri`“ (p. =7).Hm ncloiscûi s`kc`-kuhturmh so rohmkc`im k`i ‘… uim ron no mkt`ros s`kcmhos kmrmktorczmnm p`r  ui scstolm no rohmkc`ios ok`iûlckms, s`kcmhos, p`hìtckms y hodmhos“ (Gost, =331 kctmn` oi Vísquoz -Gmrquor`, -Gmrquo r`, 7111, 7111, p. ==). ==). Ost`s Ost`s mkt`ros mkt`ros s`kcmho s`kcmhos s no tcp` h`kmh h`kmh oxphckm oxphckm Mr`koi Mr`koim m (=33?) (=33 ?) mgmrkmi mgmrkmi tros kmtod`rì kmtod`rìms: ms: hm t`lm no nokcsc` nokcsc`ios ios,, tãkickm tãkickms s pmrtcku pmrtckuhmro hmros s y mkkcûi s`gro oh torroi`. Oh nosmrr`hh` h`kmh rokcgo lúhtcphos krìtckms tmit` p`sctcvms k`l` iodmtcvms nosno h`s tros puit`s no vcstm: nofcickcûi, kmrmktorìstckms y ncloisc`ios.

 

Gmrquor` prosoitm hm krìtckm m fmv`r noh nosmrr`hh` Gmrquor` nosmrr`hh` h`kmh pmrtcoin` no hms f`rtmhozms f`rtmhozms nosno no sno oh puit` puit` no vcstm vcstm toki` toki`hûd hûdck` ck`,, cii`vm cii`vmkc kcûi ûi p`toi p`toikcm kcmin in` ` h`s h`s rokur rokurs` s`s s sugutchczmn`s oxcstoitos, muloit` no olpho` oi hm h`kmhcnmn y oh muloit` no pr`nuktcvcnmn y k`lpotctcvcnmn. Luhhor (=331, kctmn` oi G`cscor, =333) rosmhtm quo oh nosmrr`hh` h`kmh rot`lm hm pr`xclcnmn no h`s cincvcnu`s oi ui luin` dh`gmh k`lphoj`, h` quo rospmhnm G`cscor  (=333) nckcoin` quo rofhojm no loj`r f`rlm hms romhcnmnos. Oi hm kmtod`rìm no krìtckms iodmtcvms, Duclmrmos (=334, kctmn` oi G`cscor, =333) mfcrlm quo hm to`rìm noh nosmrr`hh` h`kmh os uim ―príktckm sci to`rìm– quo su vmh`r  toûrck` i` os k`lproiscgho. G`cscor (=333) mfcrlm quo hm clctmkcûi no ostrmtodcms no nosmrr`hh` h`kmh Our`poms p`r pmrto no Mlãrckm Hmtcim s`i orr`ros rmkc`imhos y quo hm s`groncloiscûi noh nosmrr`hh` h` kmh puonok`ivortcrso oi `gstíkuh` pmrm oh lcsl` nosmrr`hh` h`kmh. Q`r su hmn`, Vísquoz-Gmrquor` (7111) prosoitm hclctmkc`ios k`l` musoikcm no lmrk`s hodmhos mpr`pcmn`s, rostrckkc`ios pmrm mut`i`lìm h`kmh p`r nokcsc`ios imkc`imhos p`hìtckms ` us` no rokurs` rokurs`s s fcimikco fcimikcor`s, r`s, musoikcm musoikcm no kmpctmh kmpctmh eulmi` oi hm dos dostcûi tcûi noh nosmrr` nos mrr`hh` hh` h`kmh h`kmh quo h`dro h`dro p`toikcm p`toikcmhczm hczmrr nolminm nolminm no sorvckc` sorvckc`s s h`kmhlo h`kmhloito ito pmrm h`drmr h`d rmr ok ok`i `i`lì `lìms ms no os oskm kmhm hm y ofokt ofoktcvc cvcnm nmn n oi hm ncstrc ncstrcgu gukcû kcûi i no mut`r mut`rcnm cnmn n y rosp`ismgchcnmn oi h`s icvohos mnlcicstrmtcv`s Hms to`rìms noh nosmrr`hh` nogoi koitrmr su ostunc` nosno oh puit` no vcstm no i`kcû i` kcûi, i, noscd noscdim imkcû kcûi i y `rcdo `rcdoi, i, n`in n`ino o hms oskuo oskuohms hms no poism poismlco lcoit it` ` `frok `frokoi oi ncforoitos k`ikopkc`ios, scoin` prokcs` `rcoitmrh` m h` púghck`, gmj` oh pmrmncdlm noh oito h`kmh k`l` mkt`r prcl`rncmh no nosmrr`hh`, oi ui luin` l`nori`. H`s kmlgc H`s kmlgc`s `s oi h`s pr`kos pr`kos`s `s no mk mkulu uluhm hmkcû kcûi i oxcdo oxcdoi i tmlgc tmlgcãi ãi mnmpt mnmptmk mkc`i c`ios os s`kcmhos, cistctukc`imhos y p`hìtckms oi h`s rodìloios no roduhmkcûi. Ost` sup`io quo h`s kmlgc`s `rdmiczmtcv`s y no dostcûi pr`pc`s noh iuov` pmrmncdlm toki` ok`iûlck` nogoi sor cik`rp`rmn`s cdumhloito mh k`ijuit` no hms Mnlcicstrmkc`ios Qúghckms, m fci no rosp`inor no lmiorm mnokumnm m h`s kmlgc`s. Oh f`rtmhokclcoit` no hms mnlcic mnlcicst strmk rmkc`i c`ios os h`kmho h`kmhos s y hm ms msuik uikcûi cûi p`r hms lcslms lcslms no hms iuov iuovms ms fuikc`ios fuikc`io s no f`loit` noh nosmrr`hh` ok`iûlck` ok`iûlck` y hm doiormkcûi no olpho` emkoi, puos, m hm iuovm dostcûi púghckm h`kmh pmrto fuinmloitmh no h`s pr`kos`s no mjusto mito oh mktumh kmlgc` ostrukturmh. Juit` m hm clp`rt Juit` clp`rtmi mikcm kcm no h`s d`gco d`gcori` ri`s s h`kmh h`kmhos os k`l` k`l` mi miclm clmn` n`ros ros,, mrtcku mrtckuhm hmn` n`ros ros y kmtmhczmn`ros no hm citorvoikcûi no h`s mkt`ros torrct`rcmhos, emy quo ciscstcr tmlgcãi oi su pmpo pmpohh no hcnorm hcnormzd zd`, `, m fci no nosph nosphod odmr mr ui mproi mproinc nczmj zmjo o pr`mk pr`mktcv tcv` ` y olpro olproin inon on`r, `r, k`lgmtcoin` hm kuhturm eoronmnm noh sugscnc` y hm nosk`ifcmizm y mktctun pmscvm no h`s mkt`ros h`kmhos. H`s d`gcori`s h`kmhos s`i, oi nol`krmkcm, h`s lís hodctclmn`s pmrm hm k`iv` k`i v`kmt kmt`rc `rcm m no h`s h`s ncforo ncforoito itos s mkt` mkt`ros ros torrc torrct` t`rcm rcmhos hos y hm gú gúsqu squon onm m no os ospm pmkc` kc`s s no k`ikortmkcûi k`ikortmkcû i púghck`-prcvmnm pmrm oh nosmrr`hh` ok`iûlck` ok`iûlck` h`kmh. No meì hm clp`rtmikcm no msulcr su pmpoh no hcnormzd` h`kmh pmrm hm miclmkcûi no ncke`s pr`kos`s no l`vchczmkcûi y

 

pmrtckcpmkcûi no mkt`ros h`kmhos y no k`istrucr h`s oqucp`s no hcnormzd` quo msoduroi hm k`itciucnmn no hms mktumkc`ios.  M vokos uim ostrmtodcm ostrmtodcm no nosmrr`hh` h`kmh puono cickcmrso m pmrtcr no hm k``rncimk k``rncimkcûi cûi torrct`rcmh no mhdui`s pr`drmlms o cistruloit`s no f`loit` sokt`rcmh nofcicn`s nosno oh icvoh koitrmh por` quo nogoi sor ojokutmn`s torrct`rcmhloito. Hm ofckcoito k``rncimkcûi no h`s ncforoitos pr`drmlms sokt`rcmhos no ncsoý` koitrmhcstm oxcdo su `rcoitmkcûi p`r hm nolmi nolminm nm,, ost` ost` os, p`r p`r hms hms ioko iokoscn scnmn mnos os quo quo no nogo go mt mtoi oino nor, r, hm hms s ku kumho mhos s no nogo goi i so sor  r  cnoitcfckmnms y prc`rczmnms p`r h`s mkt`ros h`kmhos. Osto eoke` os krukcmh, mh roquorcr ui vornmnor` ropmrt` no fuikc`ios, k`lpotoikcms y, oi nofcictcvm, uim ncstrcgukcûi no p`nor  oitro hms ncstcitms mnlcicstrmkc`ios púghckms torrct`rcmhos. Os mquì n`ino oh mvmiko no h`s pr`kos`s no noskoitrmhczmkcûi oi Mlãrckm Hmtcim oi doiormh, nogo k`istctucr ui mp`y` fuinmloitmh pmrm oh nosphcoduo no cickcmtcvms no nosmrr`hh` ok`iûlck` h`kmh.

WOFOWOI^O[ GCGHC@DWMFCK@[.

 Mlci, M.2 Foriíinoz, V.W. & Vcdch, J.C. (7115). Wopoismin` oh Nosmrr`hh` Wodc`imh (p. =334). Mrdoitcim: Onct`rcmh Icý` y Nívchm, _icvorscnmn Imkc`imh noh Hct`rmh. G`cscor, [. (=333). Nosmrr`hh` (h`kmh): °No quã ostml`s emghmin`0  N`kuloit` k`lcsc`imn` Kílmrm no K`lorkc` no Lmiczmhos, K`h`lgcm (k`pyrcdet noh mut`r). [mitcmd` no Kecho. Wokupormn` noettp://tokroimt.fkcoi.onu.uy/Ok`i`lcm/khmsos/g`cscor.pnf  noettp://tokroimt.fkcoi.onu.uy/Ok`i`lcm/khmsos/g`cscor.pnf (k`isuhtmn` (k`isuhtmn` oh ;1 no soptcolgro no 71==)