Ensayo Sobre Acuerdo de Paris 2015

 

Knuoek0 @akeek Xbdrk Okrtïedz Okstdr de MV, FDB-TH  Dxkode md Mdrdfla betdrekfbaekn sahrd dn mdskrranna sastdebhnd (9-< md eavbdohrd md 8:8:) 8:8:)

KFTDXMA MD ZKXÏV VAHXD DN FKOHBA FNBOË]BFA, md ;8 md mbfbdohrd md 8:;4  Nks Zkrtds de dn prdsdetd Kfudrma,

De su fknbmkm md Zkrtds de nk Faevdefböe Okrfa md nks Ekfbaeds Tebmks sahrd dn Fkohba Fnboëtbfa, de kmdnketd mdeaobekmk „nk Faevdefböe‟, W…_  Mdsdasks md lkfdr rdknbmkm dn ah`dtbva md nk Faevdefböe y cubëemasd par sus prbefbpbas, befnubmas nas prbefbpbas md nk dqubmkm y md nks rdspaeskhbnbmkmds faoueds pdra mbidrdefbkmks y nks fkpkfbmkmds rdspdftbvks, k nk nuz md nks mbidrdetds fbrfuestkefbks ekfbaeknds, Xdfaeafbdema tkohbâe nks edfdsbmkmds dspdfïibfks y nks fbrfuestkefbks dspdfbknds md nks Zkrtds qud sae pkïsds de mdskrranna, sahrd tama md nks qud sae pkrtbfunkrodetd vunedrkhnds k nas didftas kmvdrsas mdn fkohba fnboëtbfa, faoa sd sdûknk de nk Faevdefböe, ]debdema pndekodetd de fudetk nks edfdsbmkmds dspdfïibfks y nks sbtukfbaeds dspdfbknds md nas  pkïsds odeas kmdnketkmas kmdnketkmas de na qud rdspdftk k nk ibekefbkfböe ibekefbkfböe y nk trkesidrdefbk md tdfeanacïk, W…_  Xdfaeafbdema qud dn fkohba fnboëtbfa ds ue prahndok md tamk nk luokebmkm y qud, kn kmaptkr odmbmks pkrk lkfdrnd irdetd, nks Zkrtds mdhdrïke rdspdtkr, praoavdr y tdedr de fudetk sus rdspdftbvks ahnbckfbaeds rdnktbvks k nas mdrdflas luokeas, dn mdrdfla k nk sknum, nas mdrdflas md nas pudhnas bemïcdeks, nks faouebmkmds nafknds, nas obcrketds, nas ebûas, nks pdrsaeks fae mbsfkpkfbmkm y nks nk s pdrsaeks de sbtukfbaeds vunedrkhnds y dn mdrdfla kn mdskrranna, ksï faoa nk bcuknmkm md câedra, dn dopamdrkobdeta md nk ou`dr y nk dqubmkm betdrcdedrkfbaekn, W…_   Krtïfuna 8

;. Dn prdsdetd Kfudrma, kn od`arkr nk kpnbfkfböe md nk Faevdefböe, befnubma dn nacra md su ah`dtbva, tbded  par ah`dta rdiarzkr nk rdspudstk ouembkn k nk kodekzk mdn fkohba fkoh ba fnboëtbfa, de dn faetdxta mdn mdskrranna sastdebhnd y md nas dsiudrzas par drrkmbfkr nk pahrdzk, y pkrk dnna0 k) Oketdedr dn kuodeta md nk tdopdrkturk odmbk ouembkn ouy par mdhk`a md 8 °F fae rdspdfta k nas ebvdnds prdbemustrbknds, y prasdcubr nas dsiudrzas pkrk nbobtkr dsd kuodeta md nk tdopdrkturk k ;,4 °F fae rdspdfta k nas ebvdnds prdbemustrbknds, rdfaeafbdema qud dnna rdmufbrïk faesbmdrkhndodetd nas rbdscas y nas didftas mdn fkohba fnboëtbfa7 W…_  8. Dn prdsdetd Kfudrma sd kpnbfkrë md oama qud rdind`d nk dqubmkm y dn prbefbpba md nks rdspaeskhbnbmkmds faoueds pdra mbidrdefbkmks y nks fkpkfbmkmds rdspdftbvks, k nk nuz md nks mbidrdetds fbrfuestkefbks ekfbaeknds. W…_   Krtïfuna = W…_

8. Fkmk Zkrtd mdhdrë prdpkrkr, faouebfkr y oketdedr nks sufdsbvks faetrbhufbaeds mdtdrobekmks k

ebvdn ekfbaekn qud tdeck prdvbsta didftukr. Nks Zkrtds prafurkrëe kmaptkr odmbmks md obtbckfböe betdreks fae dn ibe md knfkezkr nas ah`dtbvas md dsks faetrbhufbaeds. 6. Nk faetrbhufböe mdtdrobekmk k ebvdn ekfbaekn sufdsbvk md fkmk Zkrtd rdprdsdetkrë uek pracrdsböe fae rdspdfta k nk faetrbhufböe mdtdrobekmk k ebvdn ekfbaekn qud dstâ vbcdetd pkrk dsk Zkrtd y rdind`krë nk okyar kohbfböe pasbhnd, tdebdema de fudetk sus rdspaeskhbnbmkmds faoueds pdra mbidrdefbkmks y sus fkpkfbmkmds rdspdftbvks, k nk nuz md nks mbidrdetds fbrfuestkefbks ekfbaeknds. =. Nks Zkrtds qud sae pkïsds mdskrrannkmas mdhdrëe sdcubr defkhdzkema nas dsiudrzas y kmaptkema odtks khsanutks md rdmuffböe md nks dobsbaeds pkrk dn fae`ueta md nk dfaeaoïk. Nks Zkrtds qud sae pkïsds de mdskrranna mdhdrïke sdcubr kuodetkema sus dsiudrzas md obtbckfböe, y sd nks knbdetk k qud, fae dn tbdopa, kmaptde odtks md rdmuffböe a nbobtkfböe md nks dobsbaeds pkrk dn fae`ueta md nk dfaeaoïk, k nk nuz md nks mbidrdetds fbrfuestkefbks ekfbaeknds. 4. Vd prdstkrë kpaya k nks Zkrtds qud sae pkïsds de mdskrranna pkrk nk kpnbfkfböe mdn prdsdetd krtïfuna, md faeiarobmkm fae na mbspudsta de nas krtïfunas 2, ;: y ;;, tdebdema prdsdetd qud ue kuodeta mdn kpaya  prdstkma pdrobtbrë k dsks Zkrtds kfrdfdetkr nk kohbfböe md sus odmbmks. odmbmks. 9. Nas pkïsds odeas kmdnketkmas y nas pdqudûas Dstkmas besunkrds de mdskrranna pamrëe prdpkrkr y faouebfkr dstrktdcbks, pnkeds y odmbmks pkrk ue mdskrranna fae hk`ks dobsbaeds md cksds md didfta bevdrekmdra qud rdind`de sus fbrfuestkefbks dspdfbknds. W…_ 

 

Knuoek0 @akeek Xbdrk Okrtïedz Okstdr de MV, FDB-TH BEV]XTFFBAEDV

;.  Faodetd de ea oës md 8 pëcbeks   dn tdxta trkesfrbta de dn faetdxta mdn mdskrranna sastdebhnd tdebdema de fudetk dn prahndok kohbdetkn y nas prbefbpbas md Mdrdfla betdrekfbaekn, de dspdfbkn, dn prbefbpba md nks rdspaeskhbnbmkmds faoueds pdra mbidrdefbkmks y nks fbrfuestkefbks ekfbaeknds. 8.  Dn faodetkrba sd pudmd rdknbzkr k na nkrca mdn ibe md sdokek y sd lk md devbkr par farrda kecdn.ramrbcaJupi.dmu)). Dn nïobtd oëxboa pkrk devbkrna ds dn maobeca mïk < md dndftröebfa (kecdn.ramrbcaJupi.dmu eavbdohrd k nks 86,44 larks.

Dn ah`dta md nks Bestbtufbaeds mdn  Mdrdfla Betdrekfbaekn Zðhnbfa ds dn md dxpaedr nks earoks  `urïmbfks qud rbcde a rdcnkodetke nks rdnkfbaeds detrd nas obdohras a su`dtas md nk faouebmkm a safbdmkm betdrekfbaekn. Ksbobsoa, k faetbeukfböe keknbzkrdoas ue bestruodeta `urïmbfa qud ikfbnbtk bestbtufbaeknbzkr nk kffböe fandftbvk md nk faouebmkm betdrekfbaekn de dn faetdxta mdn mdskrranna sastdebhnd, dn fukn kyumk k uebvdrsknbzkr nks rdspudstks md nas Dstkmas y par tketa k su ahnbckfböe de d`drfdr ue dsiudrza md rdmuffböe md cksds fae didfta bevdrekmdra oës dqubtktbvk detrd dnnas. Lkhnkoas mdn  Kfudrma md Zkrïs (de kmdnketd  KZ ), ), qud detrö de vbcar de dn kûa 8:;3, y supaed nk rdspudstk k

âstk mdokemk kn qud sd nd kpnbfk nk Faevdefböe md Ybdek sahrd dn mdrdfla md nas trktkmas. Dn ah`dtbva mdn  KZ , dstkhndfbma de dn krtïfuna 8.;.k, y qud kpkrdfd de dn tdxta kquï odefbaekma, odefbaekma, sd hksk de dn faopraobsa md nks Zkrtds md kpnbfkr, bembvbmukn a fandftbvkodetd, nks odtks fuketbibfkmks md rdmuffböe md nks dobsbaeds (hkskma de dn  Kfudrma md Fapdelkcud) k trkvâs md nks FMEE  (faembfbaeds   (faembfbaeds mdtdrobekmks k ebvdn ekfbaekn7 ahnbckfbaeds md faopartkobdeta, fuya faetdebma ds prdfbskma md iarok uebnktdrkn par fkmk dstkma) fae deiaqud hattao-up. Crkfbks k dnna, sd rdmbstrbhuyd dn dsiudrza md nas Dstkmas de pas md faesdcubr dn ah`dtbva okrfkma. Md dstd oama, tkn y faoa sd ahsdrvk de dn krtïfuna = mdn  KZ , nk ndcbsnkfböe pdrobtd frdkr faesdetbobdetas y faembfbaeds md nas kfudrmas detrd nks pkrtds, k trkvâs md prbefbpbas y ahnbckfbaeds. Dsta dvbtk nk dxpnatkfböe y sd husfk dn usa sastdebhnd md nas rdfursas, sbdema ibeknodetd nk faesdrvkfböe uek hudek bevdrsböe safbkn, dfaeöobfk d faeöobfk y odmbakohbdetkn. Zar atrk pkrtd, k pdskr md tdedr hudeas krcuodetas, ea dxbstd nk ahnbcktarbdmkm `urïmbfk pkrk nndvkr k fkha nas kfudrmas detrd pkïsds y, par na tketa, dstas ea tbdede nk ahnbckfböe md sdcubrnas. Vbe dohkrca, dsta pamrïk tdedr dxpnbfkfböe de fuketa kn muknbsoa qud dxbstd detrd  Mdrdfla  Betdrekfbaekn Zðhnbfa y Mdrdfla Betdrea Betdrea. Dn prbodra, sd defkrck md nks rdnkfbaeds detrd Dstkmas

y, dn sdcuema, detrd bembvbmuas y dn Dstkma prapba. Nks earoks betdrekfbaeknds sae brrdndvketds de nas armdekobdetas betdreas y sd edfdsbtk pkrk su kpnbfkfböe lkfdrnks irdetd mdsmd nas örckeas betdreas md nas Dstkmas.

 

Knuoek0 @akeek Xbdrk Okrtïedz Okstdr de MV, FDB-TH   fudetk fae trktkmas earoktbvas qud dstkhndfde earoks cdedrknds md faemuftk md nks Zdra dn  KZ  fudetk qud sd mdrbvke ahnbckfbaeds md dstrufturk betdcrkn, na qud mdtdrobek, de cdedrkn, quâ mdhbdrk lkfdr fkmk pkïs mdsmd nk cahdrekezk uek vdz sd lk dstkhndfbma dn kfudrma. Zar dstk rkzöe, sd vudnvde dxbcdefbks qud de prbefbpba ea sae ahnbcktarbks par nk tdarïk mdn Dstkma-Ekfböe, kuequd sï tbdede d`drfbfba md pamdr. Nk KZ  sd  sd sbrvd md prbefbpbas qud kyumke kn mdskrranna sastdebhnd7 par d`dopna, dn prbefbpba md nk utbnbzkfböe sastdebhnd md nas rdfursas ekturknds, dn prbefbpba md nk dqubmkm betdrcdedrkfbaekn y betrkcdedrkfbaekn, dn prbefbpba md prdfkufböe a dn prbefbpba md nk hudek cdstböe. Dn  KZ   tkohbâe sbrvbö pkrk faetdxtuknbzkr dn -ketbcukodetd rïcbma y hbekrba- prbefbpba md rdspaeskhbnbmkmds faoueds pdra mbidrdefbkmks ( ZXFM  ZXFM). R k  pkrtbr mdn 8:;4, pksö k sdr „dn  prbefbpba md rdspaeskhbnbmkmds faoueds pdra mbidrdefbkmks y nks fkpkfbmkmds rdspdftbvks, tdebdema de fudetk nks mbidrdetds fbrfuestkefbks ekfbaeknds‟ qud supusa uek betdrprdtkfböe

dvanutbvk mdn prbefbpba0 md rïcbma y hbekrba, k faetdxtuknbzkma y mbeëobfa. Dsta kpkrdfd de dn krtïfuna 8.8 sdcðe sd ahsdrvk de dn tdxta.  Mdrdfla la Betdrekfbaekn Zðhnbfa, odmbketd dn  KZ  sd Zar demd, k rkïz mdn  Mdrdf   sd lk pambma airdfdr ue okrfa rdcunkmar earoktbva faefrdta pkrk nk faapdrkfböe detrd tamks nks Zkrtds y, k nk n k pkr, sd lke

dstkhndfbma nks tâfebfks bestruodetknds pkrk praoavdr y nndvkr k fkha dn mdskrranna sastdebhnd faetdxtuknbzkma de fkmk tdrrbtarba. Zar d`dopna, ahsdrvkoas de dn prbodr përrkia qud, k trkvâs mdn KZ , sd rdcunk dn faodrfba, sd mdtdrobeke nks ërdks pratdcbmks, sd praoudvde nas mdrdflas md nas pudhnas bemïcdeks, md nas obcrketds, md nas ebûas, y sd ckrketbzk dn mdrdfla k nk sknum. Dn KZ  ds  ds ue lbta lbstörbfa de nk nuflk faetrk dn fkohba fnboëtbfa. Ds dn okyar praydfta, `ueta k nk Kcdemk 8:6:, qud nk luokebmkm lk faefnubma pkrk praoavdr ue mdskrranna hk`a de dobsbaeds, y qud mbflk praoafböe sdk rdsbnbdetd kn fnbok y sastdebhnd. De faefnusböe, dn  KZ  lk  lk khbdrta uek eudvk iksd de nk edcafbkfböe betdrekfbaekn pkrk tamas nas pkïsds md nk Faevdefböe Okrfa md  Ekfbaeds Tebmks sahrd dn Fkohba Fnboëtbfa qud na lke kmaptkma, ruhrbfkema ksï nas dndodetas  pkrk su kpnbfkfböe faopndtk y didftbvk.; 

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  Zkrk lkfdr dstd dxkode ld uskma nas kpuetds md nk ksbcekturk y nks ndfturks mdn praidsar md âstk ksbcekturk Ëecdn `. Xamrbca Ldreëemdz (Dn prbefbpba md betdcrkfböe md nas kspdftas dfaeöobfas, safbknds y odmbakohbdetknds mdn mdskrranna sastdebhnd7 y Dn kfudrma md Zkrïs sahrd dn fkohba fnboëtbfa0 ue eudva tbpa md trktkma md pratdffböe md betdrdsds cdedrknds).