Ensayo - Radiografía Industrial - Rayos Gamma

 

WHCNHGE DMJWEJIGMT GEGIDHWMSIH ............................................................................................ ¡ESSMS! KHSDHGMS JM GE@IJIGM. WHCNHGE DMJWEJIGMT DMJWEJIGMT....................................................................................................................................8 ....................................................................................................................................8 NITWH GE @IBUSHT............................................................................................................................................3 IJWSMGUDDIÔJ IJWSMGUDDIÔ J ...............................................................................................................................................4 ............................................................................................................................................... 4 8.

3.

SHGIMBSH@ËH IJGUTWSIHN .....................................................................................................................7

8.8.

H\NIDHDIÔJ H\NIDHDIÔJ GEN KÉWMGM6......... KÉWMGM6............... ............ ............ ............... ............... ............ ............ ............ ............... ............... ............ ............ ............ ............... ............... ............5 ......5

8.3.

DMJGIDIMJET DMJGIDIMJET ET\EDË@IDHT6 ET\EDË@IDHT6 ............ .................. ............ ............ ............... ............... ............ ............ ............ ............... ............... ............ ............ ............... ............... ............ ........ 0

8.3.8.

@uejte ge rhgihdiôj (rhyms Q m rhyms bhkkh). ................................................................ .............................................................................. .............. 2 

8.3.3.

Phrihcnes ge nh Shgimbrh`ëh Ijgustrihn Ijgustrihn................................................................. ............................................................................................. ............................ 1

8.3.4.

@hdtm @hdtmres res que H`edthj nh Jitigez6 ............ .................. ............ ............ ............... ............... ............ ............ ............ ............... ............... ............ ............ ............... ........... .. 9

SHGIMBSH@ËH BHKKH ........................................................................................................................8<

3.8.

@UEJWET @UEJWET GE SHGIHDIÔJ SHGIHDIÔJ BHKKH ............ .................. ............ ............ ............... ............... ............ ............ ............ ............... ............... ............ ............ ............... ........... .. 8<

3.3.

SHGIHDIMJET SHGIHDIMJET UWINIVHGHT UWINIVHGHT \HSH SHGIMBSH@ËH SHGIMBSH@ËH BHKKH........ BHKKH.............. ............ ............ ............... ............... ............ ............ ............ .............8< .......8<

3.4.

\SMGUDDIÔJ \SMGUDDIÔJ GE SHYMT BHKKH ............ .................. ............ ............ ............... ............... ............ ............ ............ ............... ............... ............ ............ ............... ........... .. 88

3.7.

EXUI\M UWINIVHGM UWINIVHGM \HSH SHGIMBSH@ËH SHGIMBSH@ËH BHKKH....... BHKKH............. ............ ............ ............ ............... ............... ............ ............ ............... ............... .......... ....83 83

3.7.8.

Dmjtejegmres ge \rmyeddiôj.................................................................................. \rmyeddiôj...... ................................................................................................... ....................... 82 

3.7.3.

Hnkhd Hnkhdejhkiej ejhkiejtm tm gen Equipm Equipm ....... ............. ............ ............ ............ .............. ............... ............. ............ .............. .............. ............ ............. ............. .............. ..............81 ......81

3.5.

\SMDEGIKIEJW \SMDEGIKIEJWM M GE SHGIMBSH@ËH...... SHGIMBSH@ËH............ ............ ............ ............ ............... ............... ............ ............ ............ ............... ............... ............ ............ ...............89 .........89

3.0.

IJT\EDDIÔJ IJT\EDDIÔJ \MS SHYMT BHKKH ............ .................. ............ ............ ............... ............... ............ ............ ............ ............... ............... ............ ............ ............... ........... .. 38

3.2.

\SMDETM \SMDETM GE IJT\EDDIÔJ IJT\EDDIÔJ SHGIMBS SHGIMBSÈ@IDH.. È@IDH........ ............ ............ ............ ............... ............... ............ ............ ............ ............... ............... ............ ............ ......... ... 34

3.1.. 3.1

DMJWSM DMJWSMNN GE NH SHGIMB SHGIMBSH@ SH@ËH ËH BHKKH BHKKH EJ NH IJGU IJGUTWS TWSIH IH ...... ......... ...... ...... ....... ....... ...... ...... ...... ....... ....... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ....... ......30 ...30

3.1.8.

Dmjtrmn ge nh Dhnighg ge Tmnghgurh................................ ............................................................... 30

3.1.3.

Dmjtr Dmjtrmn mn ge Dhnighg ej \nh \nhdhs dhs @ujgi @ujgighs ghs y @mrfh @mrfhghs............ ghs.................. ............ ............ .............. ............... ............. ............ ............ .............. .......... 30

3.1.4.

Dmjtr Dmjtrmn mn ge Dhnighg ge Wucerëhs ...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............... ............... ............ ............ ............ ............... ............... ............ ............ ............... ........... .. 32 

3.1.7.

Usm ej nh Dmjstruddiôj Divin ................................................................ .......................................................................................................... .......................................... 32 

DMJDNUTIMJET..............................................................................................................................................31 SE@ESEJDIHT CICNIMBSÈ@IDHT ......................................................................................................................39

 

NITWH GE @IBUSHT @IBUSH 8 KHWESIHN IJT\EDDIMJHGM \MS SHGIMBSH@ËH IJGUTWSIHN .................................................................................... ................................................................ .................... 7 @IBUSH 3 GIHBSHKH GE UJ GIT\MTIWIPM SHGIMBSÈ@ SHGIMBSÈ@IDM IDM ...................................................................................................8<

......................................................................................................... ......................................... 87 @IBUSH 4 DMJWEJEGMS GE MCWUSHGMS SEKMPICNE ................................................................ ........................................................................................................ ........................................ 87 @IBUSH 7 DMJWEJEGMS GE MCWUSHGMS SMWHWMSIM ................................................................ @IBUSH 5 UJ SHGIÔBSH@M \ESKHJEDE GEWSÈT GE UJ DMJWEJEGM DMJWEJEGMS S GE MCWUSHGMS \HSH UWINIVHS TU CNIJGHFE........................ 85 @IBUSH 0 \HSH SEWISHS NHT @UEJWET GE DMJWEJEGMSET GE MCWUSHGMS H @IJ GE WMKHS UJH SHGIMBSH@ËH \HJMSÈK \HJMSÈKIDH IDH TE

................................................................ ................................ 80 JEDETIWHJ CHSSHT GE KHJI\UNHDIÔ KHJI\UNHDIÔJ J ET\EDIHNET. ................................................................................................ ................................................................ ....................................................... 80 @IBUSH 2 DMJWEJEGMS GE \SMYEDDIÔJ. ....................................................................................................................... @IBUSH 1 UJ DMJWEJEGMS GE \SMYEDDIÔJ (EN DMSWE KUETWSH EN DHJHN EJ T) Y TUT DMK\MJEJWET DMK\MJEJWET HUQINIHSET ...................... 82

 

IJWSMGUDDIÔJ Nh evmnudiôj ge juevms gesducrikiejtms tedjmnôbidms ej nh exibejdih siekpre drediejte ge nms sukigmres, mcnibhj gevmnudiôj gevmnudiôj gen jiven ge dhnighg dhnighg ge nms prmgudtms kethnörbidms. kethnörbidms. Nh gireddiôj ge `ècridhs, dmkphøëhs y mtrhs ejtighges h`ijes, prmdurhj dhgh vez khs bhrhjtizhr nh dhnighg ge nms prmgudtms ej en kerdhgm dmkpetitivm, pmjiejgm ej prèdtidh ujh pmnëtidh ge prmguddiôj, dmjtrmn ge dmstms y `ujdimjhkiejtm seburm dmkm jmrkh ge respmjshcinighg r espmjshcinighg y servidim. Nh rhgimbrh`ëh ijgustrihn es uj ejshym jm gestrudtivm que dmjsiste ej htrhveshr ujh rhgihdiôj enedtrmkhb ened trmkhbjétid jétidhh imjizhjte imjizhjte (rhyms (rhyms x m rhyms bhkkh), bhkkh), h trhvés ge nh piezh piezh h ijspeddimjh ijspeddimjhr. r. Esth rhgihdiôj es es kès m kejms hcsmrcigh pmr pmr nhs Gisdmjtijuighges Gisdmjtijuighges ijterjhs ijterjhs ge nh piezh, nnebhjgm nnebhjgm h nh mtrh dhrh ge nh kiskh, dmj ujh ijtejsighg ge rhgihdiôj gistijth, e ikpresimjh ujh penëdunh rhgimbrè`idh, nh duhn, ujh vez vez revenhgh, kuestrh kuestrh vhrihdimjes ge gejsighges, gejsighges, siejgm kès msdurh ej nh zmjh ge kejmr espesmr y kès dnhrh ej nh zmjh ge khymr espesmr. \hrh nh ijterprethdiôj ge nhs pnhdhs rhgimbrè`idhs en ijspedtmr gece dmjsigerhr nhs ijgidhdimjes prmgudighs smcre nhs kiskhs, dmjsigerhjgm que puegej ser h`edthghs pmr mtrhs dhushs thnes dmkm bemketrëh ge nh piezh, ge`edtm ge nh penëdunh.

 

8. SHGIM SHGIMBSH BSH@ËH @ËH IJGUTW IJGUTWSIH SIHN N nh ijspeddiôj pmr SW se ge`ije dmkm uj prmdegikiejtm ge ijspeddiôj jm gestrudtivm ge tipm `ësidm, giseøhgm phrh getedthr getedthr gisdmjtijuighges gisdmjtijuighges khdrmsdôpidhs khdrmsdôpidhs y vhrihdimjes vhrihdimjes ej ej nh estrudturh ijterjh m dmj`iburhdiôj `ësidh ge uj khterihn. Hn hpnidhr SW, jmrkhnkejte se mctieje ujh ikhbej ge nh estrudturh ijterjh ge ujh piezh m dmkpmjejte. gecigm h que este kétmgm ekpneh ekpneh rhgihdiôj ge hnth ejerbëh, que que es dhphz ge pejetrhr khterihnes sônigms, pmr nm que en prmpôsitm prijdiphn ge este tipm ge ijspeddiôj es nh mctejdiôj ge rebistrms perkhjejtes phrh en estugim y evhnuhdiôj ge gisdmjtijuighges presejtes ej gidam khterihn. \mr nm hjterimr, esth pruech es utinizhgh phrh getedthr gisdmjtijuighges ijterjhs ej ujh hkpnih vhrieghg ge khterihnes. Nhs rhgihdimjes que nmbrhj trhsphshr en mcfetm puegej ser rebistrhghs pmr kegim ge ujh pnhdh, que pmsterimrkejte se smkete h uj prmdesm ge revenhgm phrh mctejer nh ikhbej gen èreh ijspeddimjhgh.

@iburh h 8 Khter Khterihn ihn ijspeddimjhgm ijspeddimjhgm pmr Shgimbrh`ëh Shgimbrh`ëh Ijgustrihn Ijgustrihn @ibur

Gejtrm ge nms ejshyms jm gestrudtivms, nh Shgimbrh`ëh Ijgustrihn es ujm ge nms kétmgms kès hjtibums y ge khymr usm ej nh ijgustrih. Dmjtijuhkejte se rehnizhj juevms geshrrmnnms que kmgi`idhj nhs tédjidhs rhgimbrè`idhs hpnidhghs hn estugim jm sônm ge khterihnes, sijm thkciéj ge phrtes y dmkpmjejtes.

 

En prijdipim `ësidm ej en que se chsh esth tédjidh es nh ijterhddiôj ejtre nh khterih y nh rhgihdiôj enedtrmkhbjétidh, siejgm esth öntikh ge ujh nmjbitug ge mjgh kuy dmrth y ge hnth ejerbëh. Gecigm h nhs dhphdighges ge hcsmrdiôj y pejetrhdiôj ge nh rhgihdiôj Q y BHKKH, nh rhgimbrh`ëh se utinizh phrh exhkijhr ujh brhj vhrieghg ge prmgudtms ketènidms y jm ketènidms, geterkijhjgm nh shjighg ijterjh sij ghøhr en prmgudtm y hseburhjgm en usm shtis`hdtmrim ge este m ej su dhsm getedthjgm gisdmjtijuighges gisdmjtijuighges m ge`edtms dmkm6 •

Ijdnusimjes ge tujbstejm m esdmrih

•

@hnth m exdesm ge pejetrhdiôj

•

Dmjdhvighg ej nh rhëz

•

@hnth ge `usiôj

•

Geshnijehkiejtm

•

\mrmsighg

•

Tmdhvhgm

•

Xuekhghs

•

Smturhs

•

Dmrmjh chfh

Nh rhgimbrh`ëh ijgustrihn es uj kétmgm ge ijspeddiôj ej Ejshyms Jm Gestrudtivms que utinizh rhgihdimjes bhkkh phrh veri`idhr nh dmjgidiôj m estrudturh ijterjh ge ujh piezh m dmkpmjejte ge ge giversms khterihnes que smj rebistrhghs ej ej ujh penëdunh rhgimbrè`idh rhgimbrè`idh m phjthnnh `numresdejte mctejiéjgmse ujh ikhbej perkhjejte.

8.8.H\ 8.8 .H\NID NIDHDI HDIÔJ ÔJ GEN KÉW KÉWMGM MGM66 Este kétmgm se hpnidh bejerhnkejte h piezhs `ujgighs, nhkijhghs, `mrfhghs, estrudturhs ketènidhs, puejtes, turcijhs, pnhjths petrmquëkidhs y judnehres. Hgekès, ge ser utinizhgm ej nh ijspeddiôj ge fujths smnghghs.

 

Gurhjte nh expmsidiôj rhgimbrè`idh, nh ejerbëh ge nms rhyms Q m bhkkh es hcsmrcigh m htejuhgh hn htrhveshr uj khterihn. Esth htejuhdiôj es prmpmrdimjhn h nh gejsighg, espesmr y dmj`iburhdiôj gen khterihn ijspeddimjhgm. ijspeddimjhgm. Nh rhgimbrh`ëh ijgustrihn es nh khterihnizhdiôj ge ujh smkcrh m ikhbej rhgimbrè`idh prmyedthgh smcre ujh penëdunh `mtmbrè`idh. En dmjtejigm rhgimbrè`idm gece dmjtejer dmkm këjikm nh sibuiejte ij`mrkhdiôj6 •

Wipm ge khterihn.

•

@uejte ge rhgihdiôj m tejsiôj kèxikh ge trhchfm duhjgm se trhte ge rhyms Q.

•

Gisthjdih këjikh `mdm-penëdunh.

•

Whkhøm kèxikm ge nh `uejte m `mdm ekisiôj ge rhgihdiôj.

•

Khrdh, dnhse y tipm ge nh penëdunh.

8.3.DMJGIDIMJET ET\EDË@IDHT6 Nh inukijhdiôj gen nubhr ej que se ahbhj ahbhj nhs nedturhs ge nhs rhgimbrh`ëhs. Gec Gecee ser gen kiskm mrgej que nh que prmpmrdimjh nh nuz trhskitigh pmr ennhs.

Nh ijtejsighg ge nuz gen jebhtmsdmpim jebhtmsdmpim gece ser vhrihcne y perkitir inukijhdimjes ej su dhkpm uji`mrke dmkprejgigh ejtre 8< y 8