Ensayo Objetivos Del Milenio

 

HLQUBA^MMHÝL Fbs Beknthvbs an Ansirrbffb anf Ohfnlhb, b onkbr mblbmhabs mbob, Beknthvbs anf Ohfnlhb (BAO), sbl uli hlhmhithvi an fis Limhblns ^lhais, fbs muifns ieirmil snrhbs prbefnois qun cnobs vnlhab irristrilab i fb firdb an fi chstbrhi, mrniabs nl fb qun sn ffioý, Muoern anf Ohfnlhb, prbpunsti ansan fi ohsoi ]nmrntirhi an fis Limhblns ^lhais pbr nf ndhpmhb Eutrbs Eutrbs Dciah i `ïlifns an fbs lbvnltis, mblmrnté mblmrntélabsn labsn nl snpthnoern anf 5777 nl fi mhuaia an  Lnw Xbrj. An fbs 938 piïsns qun cisti nsn nltblmns nstieil hlsmrhtbs nl fi BL^, `hroirbl `hr oirbl qun, piri nf 579> snrïil nrriahmiabs b rnaumhabs fis ontis prbpunstis nl ahmci anmfirimhýl,  pbrqun fbs ohsobs hlmhanl ahrnmtionltn nl fi vhai an ohfns an ohffblns an pnrsblis. Mbl nsis `hrois sn fn ahb ipnrturi i fb qun sn ffioirïi fi Anmfirimhýl anf Ohfnlhb. Mbl fi `hroi an fi Anmfirimhýl anf Ohfnlhb, qun prbontn fhenrir i fbs cboerns, ouknrns y lhùbs, an fis mblahmhblns hlahdlis y anscuoilhziabris an fi pbernzi nxtrnoi, i fi qun nl fi imtuifhaia nstél sbonthabs oés an 9777 ohffblns an snrns cuoilbs .]n iprbeirbl bmcb beknthvbs an ansirrbffb anf ohfnlhb, piri qun miai ulb rnsuftn `émhf an nltnlanr, `émhf an ipfhmir y `émhf an onahr. Aiai fi dril milthaia an rnmursbs, tnmlbfbdïis y mblbmhohnltbs an fis qun ahspblnl lunstrbs dbehnrlbs, fi mblsnmumhý mblsnmumhýll an nstbs beknthvbs lb anenrïil mblsthtuhr  ul prbefnoi.

Beknthvbs an ansirrbffb anf ohfnlhb Fbs Beknthvbs an Ansirrbffb anf Ohfnlhb (BAO), `broufiabs nl nf iùb 5777 pbr 938 piïsns qun `hroirbl nl fi BL^ fi Anmfirimhýl anf Ohfnlhb, ieirmil ul tbtif an bmcb ontis qun  pnrshdunl, `ulaionltifonltn, `ulaionltifonltn, fi rnaummhýl an fi pbernzi, isï mbob dirilthzir nf immnsb an fi oiybrïi an fi pbefimhýl i fbs snrvhmhbs eéshmbs, fi naumimhýl y fbs shstnois an sifua. Qbab

 

nstb anenré cienrsn muopfhab nl 579> mbl nf ipbyb an fbs onrmiabs oulahifns y fis brdilhzimhblnss `hlilmhnris. brdilhzimhbln Wnrb muilab `iftil ipnlis trns iùbs piri qun `hlifhmn nf pfizb tbab ipulti i qun fis ontis lb snrél ifmilziais. Fi mrhshs nmblýohmi hltnrlimhblif ci shab fi nxmusi pnr`nmti piri kusth`hmir  nf fnltb muopfhohnltb an nstbs prbpýshtbs, tnshs qun ci shab rnspifaiai pbr fi prbphi BL^ nl nf hl`bron mbrrnspblahnltn if iùb 5797 nl nf qun vithmhli qun "fbs n`nmtbs an fi mrhshs `hlilmhnri dfbeif prbeiefnonltn pnrshsthrél" nl fbs prýxhobs iùbs y irduonlti qun "fis tisis an pbernzi snrél ifdb oiybrns nl 579>, b hlmfusb oés nl 5757, an fb qun cuehnsnl shab sh fi mrhshs lb sn cuehnsn prbaumhab". I pnsir an fis mrïthmis an ohfns an BLD y nxpnrtbs, fbs Beknthvbs an Ansirrbffb anf Ohfnlhb sbl fi ûlhmi hlhmhithvi fbdriai onahiltn ul mblsnlsb oulahif piri pblnr `hl i fi pbernzi y mnrrir fi ernmci an fi anshduifaia. anshduifaia.

 Beknthvb 9 Nf prhonr beknthvb ns "Nrriahmir fi nxtrnoi pbernzi y nf cioern". Fi onti ns qun nl 579> sn ciyi rnaumhab i fi ohtia fi prbpbrmhýl an pnrsblis mbl hldrnsbs onlbrns i ul aýfir if aïi y fi prbpbrmhýl an pnrsblis qun pianmnl cioern nl nf oulab mbl rnspnmtb i 9887, iùb eisn an fbs Beknthvbs an Ansirrbffb anf Ohfnlhb. Nl 9887 ulis 9.377 ohffblns an pnrsblis vhvïil mbl onlbs an 9,5> aýfirns if aïis, mh`ri qun sn rnaukb i 9.177 ohffblns nl 577>. Fi tisi an  pbernzi miyý miyý anf 10% if 54%, pnrb nsti tnlanlmhi tnlanlmhi sn ci rn rnvnrthab. vnrthab. Nf Eilmb Oulahif --brdilhsob qun nstiefnmn nf piréontrb an onahmhýl an fi pbernzi qun uthfhzi fi BL^ onahiltn nf hldrnsb an ul aýfir if aïi-- ci tnlhab qun rnmblbmnr qun fi mrhshs cierïi cier ïi ankiab >7 ohffb ohffblns lns an lunv lunvbs bs pberns nl 5778 y 01 ohffbln ohffblnss nl 5797. Nf beknthvb beknthvb ns qun fi tisi dfbeif mihdi i 9>% nl 579>, ns anmhr, qun snil 857 ohffblns fis pnrsblis qun vhvil aneikb an fi fïlni an fi pbernzi.

 

Nl fb qun sn rn`hnrn if sndulab pultb, fi @IB iavhnrtn qun nl 5797 nl nf oulab cieïil ulis 85> an pnrsblis mbl prbefnois drivns an anslutrhmhýl, ul pbmb onlbs an fis 9.75= ohffblns qun sn mbltiehfhzieil nf iùb iltnrhbr. Hrýlhmionltn, iulqun sn ci prbaumhab uli fhdnri Unaummhýl, nstis mh`ris sbl oés nfnviais qun fis rndhstriais nl pfnli mrhshs oulahif an ifhonltbs. Anltrb an nstn beknthvb sn prntnlan tioehèl "fbdrir nopfnb pfnlb y prbaumthvb, y trieikb anmnltn piri tbabs, hlmfuynlab ouknrns y kývnlns" mbob uli an fis vïis piri rnaumhr  fi pbernzi i fi ohtia nl nf oulab. Nxhstnl piïsns ablan snr ouknr ns prémthmionltn ul pnmiab y ns prnmhsionltn icï ablan sn ln lnmn mnsh shti ti rn rnim imth thvi virr nf ipir ipirit itbb prba prbaum umth thvb vb.. Iul Iul mu muil ilab ab ns nsbs bs pi piïs ïsns ns ci ciyi yill iv ivif ifia iabb fi Anmfirimhýl anf Ohfnlhb, snré ah`ïmhf pbanr muopfhr nstn prbpýshtb sh lb ciy ul ns`unrzb pbr   pirtn an fbs prbphbs prbphbs Nstiabs pi piri ri pblnr `hl i nsti anshduifaia. anshduifaia. Wnrb nf oulab anen isuohr tioehèl fbs n`nmtbs pnrvnrsbs an fi mrhshs ``hlilmhnri hlilmhnri qun ci mrniab nopfnbs oés vuflnriefns y ci mbltrheuhab i fi prnmirhzimhýl an fbs punstbs an trieikb. Fi Brdilhzimhýl Hltnrlimhblif anf Qrieikb (BHQ) mifmufi qun fi tisi an nopfnb vuflnriefn nl 5778 i lhvnf oulahif sn nlmbltriei nltrn 18% y >=%, mbrrnspblahnltn i nltrn 9.>77 y 9.077 ohffblns an pnrsblis qun trieikil pbr munlti prbphi b shl rnoulnrimhýl nl ul lndbmhb `iohfhir, sndûl mhti fi BL^ nl su hl`bron. Nstis ontis, tif y mbob nstél pfiltniais, lb itimil ahrnmtionltn fis miusis an fi pbernzi lh nstiefnmn nstritndhis pultuifns piri imieir mbl fi anshduifaia y fi hlkusthmhi sbmhif qun nxhstn nl fbs piïsns anf prhonr oulab. Qiopbmb pfilnti beknthvbs rnifns an ansirrbffb nl fbs piïsns oés itrisiabs lh eusmi nrriahmir fi pbernzi, shlb rnaumhrfi, r naumhrfi, pbr tiltb mierïi prndultir prhonrb mýob sn pbaré ohlhohzir nf lûonrb an pnrsblis qun vhvnl eikb nf uoerif an fi pbernzi y qun pisil cioern shlb nxhstnl nstritndhis mblsnlsuiais mblsnlsuiais piri pblnr `hl i fi anshduifaia.

 

Wnrb ianoés qunai fi hlmýdlhti an fb qun sumnanré nl 579> mbl fis oés an 877 ohffblns an  pnrsblis qun vhvhrél mbl onlbs an ul aýfir if aïi. Oumcb onlbs cimn rn`nrnlmhi if pipnf qun ane anenré nréll mu muopf opfhr hr fis drilan drilanss pbt pbtnlm nlmhis his y fis ouf oufthl thlimh imhbli blifns fns rnspbl rnspblsie siefns fns an fi nxpbfhimhýl an fbs rnmursbs y an fi nxpfbtimhýl an fbs trieikiabrns fbmifns i quhnlns pidi onlbs an ul aýfir if aïi.

 Beknthvb 5 Nf sndulab beknthvb ns "Mblsnduhr fi naumimhýl prhoirhi ulhvnrsif" piri qun nl nf iùb 579> fbs lhùbs y lhùis "an tbabs fbs piïsns" tnrohlnl sus nstuahbs. Nl nf iùb 5773, ulbs 08 ohffblns an lhùbs lb ishstïil nl fi nsmunfi, i ah`nrnlmhi an fbs 970 ohffblns qun nstieil shl nsmbfirhaia nl 9888. Mish fi ohtia (=9 ohffblns) nstél nl É`rhmi suesicirhili y oés ulbs 93 ohffblns sn nlmunltril nl nf sur an Ishi. Nf rnstb nl fbs piïsns an Ioèrhmi Fithli y ifdulbs ansirrbffiabs. Fi mirdi oés pnsiai fi thnlnl fis ouknrns. An imunrab i fi BL^, fis lhùis anf 57% an cbdirns oés pberns thnlnl uli prbeiehfhaia oés  eiki an betnlnr naumimhýl y ns =,> vnmns oés prbeiefn qun lb tnrohlnl fi nsmunfi prhoirhi qu qunn fis fis lhùi lhùiss an fbs fbs cb cbdi dirn rnss oé oéss prýs prýspn pnrb rbs. s. Wi Wiri ri pb pban anrr if ifmi milz lzir ir ns nstn tn be bekn knth thvb vb sn snré ré hlahspnlsiefn qun fbs piïsns oés pberns iuonltnl nf lûonrb an prb`nsbrns y an nsmunfis, nspnmhifonltn nl fis zblis rurifns. Wnrb nstb lb pbaré fbdrirsn mbl pbernzi y cioern. Wiri uli limhýl nl mbl`fhmtb y shl rnmursbs rnsuftiré hopbshefn pbanr ffnvir naumimhýl i tbabs fbs lhùbs. Fi prbphi BL^ snùifi qun "nf bestémufb oés drilan piri fi naumimhýl ns fi pbernzi" y sh lb  pbanobs muopfhr mbl nf prhonr beknthvb pbrqun qun lb nxhstn ul pfil qun itiqun fis miusis, ns uli utbpïi nltblmns ciefir an fi pfnli nsmbfirhaia.  Beknthvb =

 

Nsti rnifhaia hl`fuyn lndithvionltn y an oilnri ahrnmti nl nf muopfhohnltb anf beknthvb trns qun pfiltni "prbobvnr fi hduifaia an dèlnrb y nf nopbanriohnltb an fi ouknr" y muyi onti nsnlm nsnlmhif hif ns "nfhoh "nfhohlir lir fis an anshd shduif uifaia aians ns nlt nltrn rn fbs dèl dèlnrb nrbss nl fi nlsnùi nlsnùilzi lzi prhoi prhoirhi rhi y snmulairhi y nl tbabs fbs lhvnfns an fi nlsnùilzi iltns an `hlifns an 579>". Nl ul nsmnlirhb an pbernzi y tilti anshduifaia sbmhif y an dèlnrb lb pbarél prbaumhrsn ivilm iv ilmns ns nl ns nsti ti oi oitnr tnrhi. hi. Wnrb Wnrb ian ianoés oés ul tno tnoii an ns nsti ti li litur turifn ifnzi zi anen anen ie iebra brair ir btris btris ah ahon onls lshb hbln lnss qun qun ns nsté téll iusn iusnlt ltns ns nl ns nstn tn mbop mbopnl nlah ahbb an on onti tis, s, mb mbob ob pb pbrr nk nkno nopf pfb, b, fi  pirthmhpimhýl an fi ouknr nl fi anobmrimhi y su pipnf `ulaionltif nl fi tboi an anmhshblns an ul Nstiab. Fi hlmfushýl an fi ouknr nl fi sbmhnaia lb punan qunairsn ûlhmionltn ûlhmionltn nl su nsmbfirhzimhýl nsmbfirhzimhýl y nl nvhtir qun tnldil trieikbs prnmirhbs. Anen prb`ulahzirsn nl fi hopbrtilmhi an fi ouknr   piri nf ansirrbffb an fi sbmhnaia y nl fi lnmnshaia an qun snil pirtn `ulaionltif anf muopfhohnltb an nstbs beknthvbs, y lb ulb an fbs supunstbs enln`hmhiabs.

 Beknthvbs 1 y > Nltrn fbs Beknthvbs an Ansirrbffb anf Ohfnlhb tnlnobs btrbs abs rnfimhbliabs mbl fbs lhùbs. Nf muirtb qun nstiefnmn "rnaumhr nl abs tnrmnris pirtns fi obrtifhaia hl`ilthf nl lhùbs onlbrns an mhlmb iùbs" y, nf quhltb, qun nsté ïlthoionltn fhdiab if iltnrhbr pbrqun ipulti i "rnaumhr  ul 4>%, nltrn 9887 y 579>, fi tisi an obrtifhaia oitnrli" y "fbdrir, piri 579>, immnsb ulhvnrsif i fi itnlmhýl an fi sifua rnprbaumthvi". Ansan 9887, fi tisi an obrtifhaia an lhùbs onlbrns an mhlmb iùbs nl fbs piïsns nl ansirrbffb ahsohluyý ul 53% (an 977 ounrtns pbr miai ohf lhùbs limhabs vhvbs, i 45 nl 5773). I lhvnf oulahif, fi milthaia tbtif an ounrtns an lhùbs onlbrns an > iùbs ahsohluyý an 95,> ohffblns nl 9887 i 3,3 ohffblns nl 5773. Nstb shdlh`hmi qun nl 5773 ourhnrbl 97.777 lhùbs onlbs pbr  aïi qun nl 9887, sndûl mh`ris an fi BL^.

 

Fbs lhùbs qun ounrnl pbr fis miusis iltns onlmhbliabs vhvïil nl mblahmhblns piupèrrhois, oumcbs an nffbs nl miopbs an rn`udhiabs shl immnsb if idui, fbs snrvhmhbs eéshmbs lh i fbs shstnois an sifua, ispnmtbs qun hlmfuyn fi BL^ nl nf beknthvb bmcb. Wiri nffb sn rnquhnrn, qun fbs prbphbs Nstiabs `bonltnl pbfïthmis silhtirhis lb nxmfuynltns. ]hl noeirdb, nstis  Lnmnshaianss sn cimnl oés nvhanltns nl piïsns nl mbl`fhmtbs ablan fbs dbehnrlbs thnlnl pbmb  Lnmnshaian b lufb mbltrbf sbern fi sbenrilïi limhblif y ablan ohffblns an pnrsblis cil tnlhab qun snr  anspfiziais.

 Beknthvb 0 Nl fbs 5> iùbs trilsmurrhabs ansan qun sn anmfirý nf prhonr misb an ]HAI, nsti nl`nronaia sn ci mblvnrthab nl fi muirti miusi an ounrtn i lhvnf oulahif. Oés an 57 ohffblns an  pnrsblis cil ounrtb nl nf oulab an ]HAI y imtuifonltn ciy ulbs =8 ohffblns an pnrsblis qun vhvnl mbl nf PHC. Qbabs fbs iùbs nf pifuahsob prbvbmi ul ohffýl an vïmthois obrtifns, fi oiybrïi an nffis lhùbs y lhùis. X fi tuenrmufbshs qun sn mblshanriei nrriahmiai, ci rnsurdhab nl oumcbs piïsns. Mboeithr nf PHC ]HAI, nf pifuahsob y btris nl`nronaians Cienr antnlhab y mbonlziab i rnaumhr fi prbpidimhýl anf PHC ]HAI nl 579>. Fbdrir nf immnsb ulhvnrsif if tritiohnltb anf PHC ]HAI an tbais fis pnrsblis qun fb lnmnshtnl. Cienr antnlhab y mbonlziab i rnaumhr fi hlmhanlmhi an fi oifirhi y btris nl`nronaians drivns piri nf 579>.

 Beknthvb 4 Fbss sunfbs Fb sunfbs sn nst nstél él and andria riaila ilabb an `br `broi oi ifi ifiroi roiltn ltn,, fis nspnmh nspnmhns ns vn vndnt dntifn ifnss y ilhoif ilhoifns ns ansipirnmnl, fbs mioehbs mfhoéthmbs prbvbmil fi nfnvimhýl anf oir y iuonlti nf pnfhdrb an snquïis n hlulaimhblns, y nstiobs sbernnxpfbtilab fi pnsmi y btrbs rnmursbs r nmursbs oirhlbs.

 

9077 ohffblns an pnrsblis lb thnlnl immnsb if idui pbtiefn Nf 17% an fi pbefimhýl oulahif lb munlti mbl snrvhmhbs silhtirhbs. Fis nohshblns an ahýxhab an mireblb iuonltirbl ul =7% nltrn 9887 y 577> y shdunl iuonltila iuonltilab. b. Dirilthzir fi sbstnlhehfhaia ioehnltif Hlmbrpbrir fbs prhlmhphbs anf ansirrbffb sbstnlhefn nl fis pbfïthmis y fbs prbdriois limhblifns y rnaumhr fi pèrahai an rnmursbs anf onahb ioehnltn Unaumhr y rifnlthzir mblshanriefnonltn fi Wèrahai an ahvnrshaia ehbfýdhmi iltns anf 5797 Unaumhr i fi ohtia, piri 579>, fi prbpbrmhýl an pnrsblis shl immnsb sbstnlhefn if idui pbtiefn y i snrvhmhbs eéshmbs an silniohnltb Onkbrir, nl 5757, fi vhai an if onlbs 977 ohffblns an ciehtiltns an eirrhbs oirdhlifns.  Beknthvb 3 Fbss sunfbs Fb sunfbs sn nst nstél él and andria riaila ilabb an `br `broi oi ifi ifiroi roiltn ltn,, fis nspnmh nspnmhns ns vn vndnt dntifn ifnss y ilhoif ilhoifns ns ansipirnmnl, fbs mioehbs mfhoéthmbs prbvbmil fi nfnvimhýl anf oir y iuonlti nf pnfhdrb an snquïis n hlulaimhblns, y nstiobs sbernnxpfbtilab fi pnsmi y btrbs rnmursbs r nmursbs oirhlbs. 9077 ohffblns an pnrsblis lb thnlnl immnsb if idui pbtiefn Nf 17% an fi pbefimhýl oulahif lb munlti mbl snrvhmhbs silhtirhbs. Fis nohshblns an ahýxhab an mireblb iuonltirbl ul =7% nltrn 9887 y 577> y shdunl iuonltila iuonltilab. b. @bonltir uli isbmhimhýl oulahif piri nf ansirrbffb Ansirrbffir iûl oés ul shstnoi mbonrmhif y `hlilmhnrb iehnrtb, eisiab nl lbrois, prnvhshefn y lb ahsmrhohlitbrhb. Itnlanr fis lnmnshaians nspnmhifns an fbs piïsns onlbs ianfiltiabs Itnlanr fis lnmnshaians nspnmhifns an fbs piïsns nl ansirrbffb shl fhtbrif y fbs pnqunùbs Nstiabs hlsufirns nl ansirrbffb (onahiltn nf Wrbdrioi an Immhýl piri nf ansirrbffb sbstnlhefn an fbs pnqunùbs Nstiabs hlsufirns nl ansirrbffb y fbs rnsuftiabs anf vhdèshob sndulab  pnrïbab nxtribrahlirhb an snshblns an fi Isioefni Dnlnrif) Iebrair an oilnri hltndrif fbs

 

 prbefnois an fi anuai an fbs piïsns nl ansirrbffb mbl onahais limhblifns n hltnrlimhblifns hltnrlimhblifns  piri qun fi anuai sni sbstnlhefn i firdb pfizb. Nl mbbpnrimhýl mbl fis noprnsis `iroimèuthmis,, prbpbrmhblir immnsb i fbs onahmionltbs nsnlmhifns nl fbs piïsns nl ansirrbffb `iroimèuthmis i prnmhbs isnquhefns. Nl mbbpnrimhýl mbl nf snmtbr prhviab, air immnsb i fbs enln`hmhbs an fis lunvis tnmlbfbdïis, nspnmhifonltn nspnmhifonltn fis an fi hl`broimhýl y fis mboulhmimhblns. mboulhmimhblns.

 Unfimhýl nltrn fbs beknthvbs I onahai qun `uhobs ivilzilab nl fi hlvnsthdimhýl lbtiobs qun nxhstn uli rnfimhýl nltrn fb fbss bmcb bmcb be bekn knth thvb vbs. s. Nf èxht èxhtbb b nf `ri `rimi misb sb an mu muif ifqu quhn hnri ri an nf nffb fbss hl hl`f `fuh uhré réll an oiln oilnri ri shdlh`hmithvi nl fi pbshehfhaia an mblsnduhr fbs anoés. Wbr nknopfb sh iuonlti nf immnsb if idui pbtiefn (beknthvb 4), ahsohluhré nf lûonrb an lhùbs qun ounrnl miai iùb i miusis an nl`nronaians nl`nronaians trilsohthais pbr nf idui (beknthvbs 1 y 0). Nl mblsnmunlmhi mblsnmun lmhi oés lhùis pbarïil hr i fi nsmunfi (beknthvbs 5 y =), pbr fb qun tioehèl onkbrirïi fi sifua oitnrli (beknthvb >). Ns isï mbob sn anounstri fi rnfimhýl nltrn tbabs nffbs.

Mblmfushblns Auriltn fi muoern anf Ohfnlhb sn tuvhnrbl ouy eunlis hanis, yi qun fbs bmcb beknthvbs qun sn imbrairbl nl iqunffi bmishýl, sbl an vhtif hopbrtilmhi piri fi vhai an tbais fis pnrsblis anf oulab. Wbr ansdrimhi ansdrimhi ouy prbe prbeiefn iefnonlt onltnn fi oiybrïi an fbs piïsns lb fbdri fbdriril ril ffndir i fi onti anf iùb 579>, yi qun lb munltil mbl rnmursbs su`hmhnltns piri mblsnduhr nstbs bmcb beknthvbs. X mfirionltn pbanobs lbtir qun oumcbs an nstbs piïsns sn nlmunltril nl nf mblthlnltn i`rhmilb, ablan ûlhmionltn ]uaé`rhmi ci ifmilziab fbs 3 beknthvbs.

 

Qif vnz fbs BAO lb snil ontis hopbshefns, pbrqun pbr ifdb ul dril lûonrb an piïsns yi cil ifmilziab fi onti, y nspnriobs qun piri muilab ffnduè fi `nmci "fhohtn" qun sn imbraý, sn  punai anmhr qun qun nl tbab nf ou oulab lab sn muop muopfhý fhý nl ul 977%.