Ensayo - Ideología de Género

 

 

LIZC_@ ‒OKL@B@AÆC KL AÏIL^@  °BC ^LJHCWCF@Z @ BC CJLU[CF@Z0 ‖  ‖ 

K@JLI[L

7  BOJ. HLI^^_ JHOJBC_@ TLAC

LZ[\KOCI[L

7  ZCI[CFC^OC TLBCZS\LW CK@BD@ L.

JOJB@

7  >53? - O

JHOJBC_@, >; KL @J[\N^L KLB >53? 

 

 

KLKOJC[@^OC Klkoj` lstl liscy` c iulstrc bonlrtck oikovokucb j`f` slr hufci`, lxh`rtcik` c bc rldblxoúi, cb bonrl pliscfolit` jrætoj`, cb rlsplt` c bc vokc y c bc koaiokck hufcic. @nslrvcik` qul bc jubturc ls uiovlrscb, y qul, rljhczcik` bc vo`blijoc j`f` tcb, b`arcrlf`s doicbflitl uic flg`r j`ivovlijoc.  Ck`bd` Zcitcfcræc T.

 

 

U^ÚB@A@

Lb prlslitl trcncg` ls uic cprljocjoúi jrætojc fuy plrs`icb s`nrl lb j`itliok` y bc prcxos klb klscrr`bb` kl j`f` sl quolrl ofp`ilr bc ‒Okl`b`aæc kl Aïilr`‖. Csæ j`f` bc oidbulijoc qul tolil li bcs kodlrlitls s`jolkckls c pcrtor kl p`bætojcs kl lstck`, qul b` qul nusjci ls ofp`ilr uic d`rfc kl pliscr j`i rlspljt` c `trcs, cscbtcik` csæ lb bonrl pliscfolit` jrætoj` y jlisurcik` bc bonlrtck oikovokucb kl sus j`ijoukckci`s, kosdrczãik`sl lstc ‒Okl`b`aæc kl Aïilr`‖ ncg` bc prlfosc kl oaucbkck pcrc t`k`s.

 

OKL@B@AÆC KL AÏIL^@ °^LJHCWC^BC °^LJHCWC^B C @ CJLU[C^BC0 JLU[C^BC0 Ucrc j`fprliklr b` qul ls ‒Okl`b`aæc kl Aïilr`‖ proflr` tlilf`s qul litliklr °Suï ls Aïilr`0 Ucrc lbb` rljurrorï cb K.Z Iµ 558->53?-FOFU k`ikl b` kldoil j`f` qul s`i bcs oklitokckls, bcs duijo`ils y b`s ctronut`s j`istruok`s `jcso`icbflitl kl bc fuglr y lb h`fnrl, csæ j`f` cb soaiodojck` s`jocb y jubturcb qul bc s`jolkck ctronuyl c lscs kodlrlijocs no`búaojcs. Ch`rc kldoicf`s °Suï ls okl`b`aæc0 Ucrc lbb` i`s ncscrlf`s li bc kldoiojoúi qul i`s kc bc ^CL y bc kldoiojoúi klskl lb puit` kl bcs Jolijocs Z`jocbls y puls okl`b`aæc volil c slr so i` ui j`iguit` kl oklcs y jrllijocs j`bljtovcs qul jcrcjtlrozci c uic plrs`ic ` ui arup` kl plrs`ics qul nusjci kldliklr uic jubturc yc lxostlitl ` qul sl solitli li bc iljlsokck kl jrlcr uic jubturc cdæi c su okl`b`aæc. Lit`ijls lst` cnrl bc oitlrr`acitl c `trcs prlfoscs °Bc okl`b`aæc ls nulic0 °Juãik` uic okl`b`aæc ls fcbc0 °Fo aïilr` b` kldoi` y` ` bc s`jolkck0 Zo t`fcf`s li julitc qul t`k` slr hufci` tolil klrljh` c lxprlscr bonrlflitl sus oklcs y qul lstcs klnli slr rlspltckcs oiklplikolitlflitl kl slr cjlptckcs ` rljhczckcs puls korlf`s qul sæ, bc okl`b`aæc ls nulic li lb slitok` kl qul ui fosf` tlfc ` pr`nblfc sl pulkl cn`rkcr klskl kodlrlitls puit`s kl vostc b`s jucbls j`ibblvcrci c d`rfcjoúi klb pliscfolit` jrætoj` lb jucb klnl tlrfoicr li ui j`islis` nlildojocik` c t`k`s p`r oaucbkck. Uuls noli, lstc okl`b`aæc sl t`ric j`f` fcbc jucik` quolrl ofp`ilrsl kl fcilrc kojtct`rocb tcit` j`f` pliscfolit` j`f` li bc prcxos, i` klgcik` lb klrljh` c slr jrotojckc ` rldutckc trcsarlkolik` csæ bc bonrl lxprlsoúi kl pliscfolit` qul p`r klrljh` bl j`rrlsp`ikl c t`k` slr hufci` so i` qul cklfãs ctlitc j`itrc su bonlrtck oikovokucb, provãik`b` csæ kl su jcpcjokck kl kljokor. Lit`ijls qulkc jbcr` qul t`k` slr hufci` tolil klrljh` c bc bonrl lxprlsoúi kl pliscfolit`, csæ j`f` c su bonlrtck oikovokucb s`b` p`r lb hljh` kl slr ui slr hufci`. Ch`rc noli, quoli cslaurc iulstr`s klrljh`s, puls pcrc lbb` lxostli bcs blyls. Bcs jucbls lstãi pcrc scbvcaucrkcr iulstrc bonlrtck y klrljh`s soi trcsarlkor bc bonlrtck y klrljh`s kl b`s klfãs. U`r j`isoauolitl, lstcs blyls klnli cslaurcr y rldblgcr oaucbkck pcrc t`k`s. Lit`ijls °Uulk` kljokor y` fo aïilr`0 Zo pcrtof`s kl qul lb icjofolit` ` icjlr kl ui slr vov` ls ui lvlit` icturcb y qul t`k` lvlit` icturcb sl pr`kujl ` f`kodojc soi oitlrvlijoúi klb slr hufci`. Lit`ijls korlf`s qul ioia÷i slr hufci` tolil bc jcpcjokck kl kljokor so icjl j`i plil ` vcaoic sofpblflitl p`r lb hljh` qul i` lxostl. U`r tcit`, bc jcrcjtlræstojc no`búaojc j`i bc qul sl icjl dul kckc p p`r `r bc icturcblzc y qul c j`isljulijoc kl lstc jcrcjtlræstojc no`búaojc pr`p`rjo`ickc p`r bc icturcblzc sl kldoil iulstr` aïilr`. Ch`rc noli, bc `rolitcjoúi slxucb kodolrl fuy blg`s kl iulstr` aïilr`, yc qul tolil qul vlr j`i lb j`fp`rtcfolit` lf`jo`icb y slxucb kl jckc slr hufci` qul cklfãs ls bonrl kl lblaor, lbl aor, prcjtojcr p`r slr su klrljh` j`f` slr hufci`.

 

‒Bc bonlrtck i` klnl j`iduikorsl j`i lb bonlrtoicg l, l, csæ j`f` lb klrljh` j`i lb cnus`. Tovl j`i pruklijoc y kljlijoc vlrcs qul bc dlbojokck solfprl lstuv` bbcfcik` c tu  pulrtc‖  

Li rlbcjoúi c b` citlro`rflitl lxpbojck` kldoiorlf`s bc ‒Okl`b`aæc kl Aïilr`‖ j`f` lb j`iguit` kl oklcs citojolitædojcs qul sl `p`il c bc no`b`aæc, cict`fæc, doso`b`aæc, aliïtojc, lfnro`b`aæc y ilur`jolijoc. Bc jucb i`s kojl qul slxucbflitl hlf`s sok` j`istruok`s p`r iulstr` lit`ri`. Lst` rlprlslitc ui arcvl ctcqul c iulstrcs bonlrtckls oikovokucbls. Kojhc okl`b`aæc nusjc jctcbozcr bc f`vobozcjoúi p`bætojc kl > arup`s lspljædoj`s7 - bcs dlfoiostcs rckojcbls y  ‚  b`s f`vofolit`s BA[N. \ic kl bcs rlprlslitcitls kl lstc okl`b`aæc ls Zof`il kl Nlcuv`or (3?58 ‚ 3?84) quoli li su bonr` Lb Zlauik` Zlx` cdorfc qul ‒I` sl icjl fuglr, bblac uic slrb` ‖, b` qul quolrl kljor qul bc fuglr i` lxostl j`f` tcb, y qul cklfãs ls uic j`istrujjoúi s`jo` jubturcb qul icjl klskl bc plrjlpjoúi kl jckc slr hufci`. Lstcs cdorfcjo`ils klioarci c bc fuglr y bc foiofozci ilacik` su lxostlijoc ctlitcik` csæ j`itrc sus klrljh`s j`f` slr hufci` yc qul su icturcblzc j`f` tcb lxostl, ls ui hljh` orrldutcnbl l oiilacnbl. @trc kl bcs rlprlslitcitls kl lstc okl`b`aæc ls Mctl Fobbltt (3?:;) quoli li su bonr` U`bætojc Zlxucb klstcjc bc soauolitl drcsl ‒B` plrs`icb ls p`bætoj`‖, b` qul lstc drcsl soaiodojc ls qul lb lstck` blaosbc flkocitl p`bætojcs iulstrc vokc plrs`icb, b` qul quolrl kljor qul iulstrc bonlrtck oikovokucb lstc ctckc c b` qul bc p`bætojc j`isoklrl j`rrljt` l oij`rrljt`. J`i lstc cjjoúi sl lstcræc vo`blitcik` j`itrc ui` kl b`s klrljh`s duikcflitcbls klb slr hufci` qul ls bc bonlrtck. F`ioqul Qottoa (3?:<  ‚  >55:) lsjronoú lb bonr` Lb Uliscfolit` Hltlr`slxucb y @tr`s Liscy`s, lstl bonr` klstcjc p`r su drcsl ‒Bc fuglr i` lxostl‖ c b` qul hcjl rldlrlijoc ls qul bc blsnocic ls ui tlrjlr` qul i` ls h`fnrl io fuglr so i` uic j`istrujjoúi p`bætojc li bc flkokc qul sl j`itrcp`il cb noicrosf` slxucb (h`fnrl - fuglr) lb jucb hc sok` jrlck` s`jocbflitl. J`f` i`s p`klf`s kcr julitc t`kcs lstcs cdorfcjo`ils j`ibblvci c qul iulstrc oklitokck kl aïilr` klnl slr klj`istruokc y d`rtcbljokcs kl cjulrk` c b` iulv`s pcrckoafcs, ilacik` csæ iulstrc icturcblzc no`búaojc y qul j`istruylik` uic oklitokck kl aïilr` ÷iojcflitl li ncsl c iulstrc plrjlpjoúi, oivotãik`i`s c hcjlr li ui cnosf` kl bc ilacjoúi. Cklfãs kl `profori`s c j`fpcrtor su okl`b`aæc yc qul so vcf`s li j`itrc kl lbbc lstcræcf`s j`fltolik` ui klbot` c b`s klrljh`s hufci`s. J`sc qul ls lvoklitlflitl t`k` b` j`itcro`. I` j`id`rfl j`i lbb` sl prltlikl ck`jtroicr c b`s plquló`s, klskl bc proflrc oidcijoc c tlilr lstc okl`b`aæc, rlj`rklf`s qul lb klnlr klb lstck` ls lkujcr, ckfoiostrcr  gustojoc oaucbotcroc pcrc t`k`s. Bc jubturc y lb pliscfolit` jrætoj` lstc lxjlpt` kl t`kc i`rfc yc qul ls j`istruokc kl cjulrk` c su lit`ri` y j`stufnrl kl jckc slr hufci`.

 

Li B`s, Uroijopo`s s`nrl bc Cpbojcjoúi kl bc Blaosbcjoúi Oitlricjo`icb kl Klrljh`s Hufci`s li ^lbcjoúi j`i bc @rolitcjoúi slxucb y bc Oklitokck kl Aïilr` (Uroijopo`s kl _`aycmcrtc - >551), kldoili lstc ÷btofc li su prlãfnub` j`f` 7 ‒Bc vovlijoc oitlric l oikovokucb klb aïilr` tcb j`f` jckc plrs`ic bc solitl pr`duikcflitl, bc jucb p`kræc j`rrlsp`iklr ` i` j`i lb slx` csoaick` cb f`flit` klb icjofolit`, oijbuylik` bc vovlijoc plrs`icb klb julrp` (qul p`kræc oiv`bujrcr bc f`kodojcjoúi kl bc cpcrolijoc ` bc duijoúi j`rp`rcb c trcvïs kl flko`s fïkoj`s, quor÷raoj`s ` kl `trc æik`bl, solfprl qul q ul

bc fosfc slc bonrlflitl lsj`aokc) y `trcs lxprlso`ils kl aïilr`, oijbuylik` bc vlstoflitc, lb f`k` kl hcnbcr y b`s f`kcbls‖.   J`f` p`klf`s kcri`s julitc _`aycmcrtc rlj`i`jl qul lxostl ui aïilr` lstrljhcflitl boack` c bc icturcblzc no`búaojc y qul bc vovlijoc klb aïilr` ls kljor su oklitokck cklfãs kl su `rolitcjoúi slxucb lstãi blg`s kl bcs jcrcjtlræstojcs nobúaojcs y qul cklfãs ls klrljh` kl t`k` slr hufci` vovor su vokc j`f` flg`r bl pcrlzjc. J`ijbuy` kojolik` qul bcs kodlrlitls `pjo`ils slxucbls hci lxostok` klskl tolfp`s citoau`s hcstc h`y li bc cjtucbokck, ls uic rlcbokck c bc qul i` hcy qul tcpcr lb s`b j`i ui klk`. Zoi lfncra`, lb cylr ls kostoit` cb h`y. Cjtucbflitl vovof`s li ui fuik` ab`ncbozck` k`ikl bc oid`rfcjoúi lstã cb cbjcijl kl t`k`s, k`ikl bcs [OJ s`i lb pci kl jckc kæc, y i` ls qul slci fcbcs, lb pr`nblfc rckojc li qul i` lxostl uic jubturc kl júf` utobozcrbcs cpr`pockcflitl soi qul iulstrc vokc, iulstrc provcjokck fujhcs vljls sl vlc lxpulstc. Ls jolrt` qul t`k`s flrljlf`s b`s fosf`s klrljh`s y lxprlscri`s bonrlflitl, tcfnoïi ls jolrt` qul lxostli kovlrs`s top`s kl dcfoboc. Zoi lfncra`, lxostli r`bls j`f` s`i b`s kl fuglr y b`s kl h`fnrl qul doso`búaojcflitl s`i oicbtlrcnbls. U`r tcit`, sl klnl cjtucr j`i flsurc, j`hlrlitlflitl y soi dcictosf`s. Ickol cns`butcflitl ickol klnl slr kosjrofoick` p`r su `rolitcjoúi slxucb, yc qul t`k`s tlilf`s bc fosfc jcpcjokck pcrc rlcbozcr b`s kodlrlitls trcncg`s li b`s qul i`s lspljocbozcf`s, lb klscrr`bb` oitlbljtucb lstã fuy blg`s kl b`s cdljtov`. [`k`s s`f`s slrls hufci`s, tlilf`s b`s fosf` klrljh`s l oaucbkck kl `p`rtuiokckls rldblgck`s citl bc bly oiklplikolitlflitl kl iulstrc `rolitcjoúi slxucb y qul klnl rljhczcrsl bc vo`blijoc j`f` tcb li t`kcs sus dcjltcs, pr`f`vlr lb rlsplt` c bc vokc, vokc , c bc dcfoboc, cb slr hufci` y cprliklr c j`ivovor j`i bcs kodlrlitls jubturcs lxostlitls soi ilacr bc icturcblzc lxostlitl y prlkojcik` solfprl j`i bc vlrkck. Z`b` csæ sl p`krã j`istruor uic s`jolkck fãs gustc y hufcic.

 

NONBO@A^CDÆC • Cralitoic, ^. k. (>534). www.fscb.a`n.cr . @ntliok` kl http7//www.fscb.a`n.cr/ofcals/st`rols/nls/arcdoj`s/5555555:>>jit->534-51Pauockovlrsokck-slxucb->534.pkd • Jhobl, N. k. (Zlptolfnrl kl >531). www.jcfcrc.jb . @ntliok` kl

https7//www.jcfcrc.jb/pkd.cspx0prf[OU@6K@J\FLI[@J@F\I https7//www.jcfcrc.jb/pkd.cspx0prf[OU@6K@J \FLI[@J@F\IOJCJO@IJ\LI[ OJCJO@IJ\LI[C&pr C&pr fOK65lsj`bcrls%>5Bonrls% >5kl%>5Kosjrofoicjo`i%>5Fcy%>5>534P5.pkd • J`b`fnoc, ^. k. (s.d.). www.klrljh`shufci`s.a`v.j`. @ntliok` kl http7//www.klrljh`shufci`s.a`v.j`/`nslrvct`ro`/punbojcjo`ils/K`juflits/>531/3 15>3:-pblacnbl-banto.-wlnpkd.pkd • Blovc, U. A. (s.d.). kocbilt.uioro`gc.ls. @ntliok` kl https7//kocbilt.uioro`gc.ls/klsjcrac/crtojub`/31358>;.pkd • B`rliz`., J. C. (s.d.). www.jcrfli-cauoblrc-b`rliz`.ls. @ntliok` kl https7//www.jcrfli-cauoblrcb`rliz`.ls/cpp/k`wib`ck//oklitokck+kl+a%J:%C?ilr`.pkd • Fïxoj`, A. k. (s.d.). www.a`n.fx . @ntliok` kl https7//www.a`n.fx/sla`n/crtojub`s/qul-ls-bc-oklitokck-kl-alilr` • UL^\CI@, K. @. (5; kl Cnrob kl >53?). U@BO[OJC ICJO@ICB KL OA\CBKCK KL ALIL^@. KLJ^L[@ Z\U^LF@ Iµ 558 ->53?-FOFU, pãa. ;8. • Uulnb`, ^. k.-K. (Zlptolfnrl kl >534). nvs.foisc.a`n.pl. @ntliok` kl http7//nvs.foisc.a`n.pl/b`jcb/FOIZC/:8>3.pkd • Zjhlbb, C. A.-Z. (Kojolfnrl kl >53>). www.lkujcik`lioaucbkck.j`f. @ntliok` kl

http7//www.lkujcik`lioaucbkck.j`f/wpj`itlit/upb`cks/>535353:). cjiukh.`ra. @ntliok` kl http7//cjiukh.`ra/wpj`itlit/upb`cks/>53:/33/`rlitcjo%J:%N:i-slxucb-l-oklitokck-kla%J:%C?ilr`>.pkd • Q`b`smo, A., Zobvlr, ^., Bcpbcjlttl, Bcpbcjlttl, G. C., Tcrky, O., & ^. Kl Zjhlgtfci, J. (:5 kl @jtunrl kl >534). www.rlkcbyj.`ra. @ntliok` kl https7//www.rlkcbyj.`ra/pkd/:4?3/:4?34?451;.pkd