Ensayo (HISTORIA DE LA FISIOTERAPIA)

 

W`põgfjdh Gmfjvhrjhlh a` ^`l`zu`fh. ^`l`zu`fh. Ijljst`rjm a`f _ma`r _mpufhr phrh fh @audhdjôl Pljv`rsjthrjh Dj`ldjh y Q`dlmfmkéh. Q`dlmfmkéh. Pljv`rsjaha Lhdjmlhf @xp`rji`lthf Tjiôl Wmaréku`z.  Ghs`s a`f a`f Dmlmdjij`ltm Dmlmdjij`ltm Dj`lténjdm. Dj`lténjdm.

 CJTQMWJH  CJTQM WJH A@ FH NJTJMQ@WH NJTJMQ@WH_JH _JH (@LTHZM)

Nhdjfjthamrh5

_hrtjdjphlt`s5

   Fjd. Qmrg`rjs Zhl`z  

Ihrkhr`t Imr`lm - DJ 7:.0;8.1:> Qchrjhllh C`rlèla`z - DJ 4?.>?>.8:1   ^édtmr Dcjrjlms - DJ 7:.;0>.77>

DHWHDHT, N@GW@WM A@F 7?78 TJIÔL WMAWÉKP@U (PL@TW)  T`a` - _hfm _hfm ^`ra`. ^`ra`.

 

@l `f èr`h a` fh shfua, `xjst`l ajn`r`lt`s èr`hs phrh fh ht`ldjôl a` tmahs y dhah ulh a` fhs `ln`ri`aha`s qu` hphr`d`l y hdtuhfi`lt` hgulahl `l `f iulam. Dhah ulh a` fhs ajn`r`lt`s èr`hs `s jipmrthlt`, p`rm `l fh qu` s` d`ltrh fh pr`s`lt` jlv`stjkhdjôl `s `l fh NJTJMQ@WH_JH. "Fh Njsjmt`rhpjh `s `f dmleultm a` iêtmams, hdtuhdjml`s y têdljdhs qu`, i`ajhlt` fh hp hpfj fjdh dhdj djôl ôl a` i` i`aj ajms ms né nésj sjdm dms, s, W@CHGJFJQHL , pr`vj`l`l, r`dup`rhl y hahpthl h p`rsmlhs hn`dthahs a` ajsnuldjml`s smiètjdhs m h fhs qu` s` a`s`h ihlt`l`r `l ul ljv`f ha`duham a` shfua". Zh qu` t`l`im t`l`imss ulh gr`v` `xpfjd `xpfjdhdjôl, hdjôl, pma`ims jltrmaudjrlms jltrmaudjrlms `l `f t`ih prjldjphf, prjldjphf, qu` `s dmlmd`r y `lt`la`r fh cjstmrjh a` fh ijsih, su `vmfudjôl y prjldjphf`s ghs`s t`ôrjdhs, chsth ff`khr h fm qu` hdtuhfi`lt` s` ch dmlv`rtjam.  CJTQMWJH A@ FH NJTJMQ@WH_JH  CJTQMWJH NJTJMQ@WH_JH (Dml sus prjldjphf`s hdtmr`s)

Tu cjstmrjh s` r`imlth hf høm 8.0??h.d. Chy r`n`r`ldjhs a` qu` `l fh hltjkuh I`smpmthijh, `l @kjptm y `l fh hrdhjdh Dcjlh s` chdéh usm a` hk`lt`s nésjdms dmim hk`lt`s t`rhpêutjdms. Qhigjêl fms hzt`dhs y fms ihyhs a`shrrmffhrml iêtmams t`rhpêutjdms ghshams `l `f hkuh (ghøms a` vh vhpm pmr), r), qu` qu` dmi dmimm pm pma` a`im imss `l `lt` t`la` la`rr, fm fmss hzt`d hzt`dhs hs a` a`shr shrrmf rmffh fhgh ghll fm fmss aj ajn`r n`r`lt `lt`s `s iêtm iêtmams ams t`rhpêutjdms ghsèlams` `l sus ghs`s r`fjkjmshs. @l 1>? H.D., Cjpôdrht`s, phar` a` fh I`ajdjlh mddja`lthf y ulm a` fms krhla`s jipufsmr`s a` fh t`rhpêutjdh nésjdh , s` ghsô `l `f `e`rdjdjm phrh p`rn`ddjmlhr nu`rzh nésjdh. Aurhlt` `f ijsim høm, `l Kr`djh, Cêdtmr `ipf`ô fh cjarmt`rhpjh (t`rhpjh a`f hkuh a`f sjkljnjdham). Ha`iès, Hrjstôt`f`s thigjêl r`dmi`laô qu` fh i`lshe`réh dml hd`jt` pu`a` r`f`vhr dhlshldjm. Cjpôdrht`s, t`léh fh njfmsmnéh t`rhpêutjdh a` ‖hyuahr h fh lhturhf`zh’, `s a`djr, a` jipufshr, i`ajhlt` i`ajms lh lhtu turh rhf` f`s, s, fhs fhs nu`rz nu`rzhs hs a` hu hutm tmdur durhdj hdjôl ôl a`f du du`rp `rpmm «^js Lhtur Lhturhfjs hfjs I`ajd I`ajdhtrjx htrjx² y a`shrrmffô ajn`r`lt`s t`ihs dmim fms a`f imvjij`ltm (bjl`sjmfmkéh) y `f ihshe` (ihsmt`rhpjh), higms dfhsjnjdhams dmim hk`lt`s t`rhpêutjdms. @l 83:? s` jlv`ltô fh ajht`rijh t`rhpêutjdh, ul tjpm a` dhf`lthij`ltm prmnulam dmls`kujam dml `f usm a` mlahs dmrths. H phrtjr a` 80?? h 8;??, fh pjlth nu` jltrmaudjah hsd`laj`lam `e`rdjdjms, y fms ajv`rsms fjgrms nu`rml `sdrjtms. Pl thf `e`ipfm `s  Fjgrm a`f @xd`rdjsm, `sdrjtm pmr Ehêl y pugfjdham `l @sphøh. @l 8;74, Ljdcmfhs Ljdcmfhs Hlary, Hlary, qu` `rh prmn`smr `l fh nhduftha iêajdh `l _hrés, `sthgf`djô `sthgf`djô `f c`dcm a` qu` `f `e`rdjdjm pu`a` hyuahr h dmlstrujr fms iõsdufms, `sp`djhfi`lt` `l fhs hrihs y fms trhims. @rh `l `f høm 8384, pmr C`lrjb Fjlk, ul pm`th su`dm, jltrmauem fh _jlth r`hf hf iulam. Fh  pjlth, (thigjêl dmlmdjah dmim t`rhpjh nésjdh m bjl`sjmtc`rhpy), `s ulh prmn`sjôl a` fh ht`ldjôl shljthrjh prhdtjdhah pmr fms njsjmt`rhp`uths. @s hdtuhfi`lt` fh t`rd`rh prmn`sjôl iès krhla` a` fh ht`ldjôl shljthrjh `l `f iulam.  Fjlk r`vmfudjmlô `f èr`h a` fh pjlth jltrmaudj`lam `e`rdjdjms, dmlmdjah dmim `e`rdjdjms su`dms, y su trhghem `rh dmlmdjam pmpufhri`lt` dmim imvjij`ltm su`dm. Iès ha`fhlt`, nu` hipfjham h Hiêrjdh y h @urmph. Fjlk jltrmauem ajn`r`lt`s têdljdhs.

 

@sths têdljdhs nu`rml pmpufhri`lt` ffhihahs dmim ihshe` su`dm. @l 83>?, K`mrk` C. Qhyfmr  jltr jltrma maue uemm `st `sths hs têdlj têdljdh dhss a` a`ff ih ihsh she` e` `l Hi Hiêrj êrjdh dh.. Fms Fms iêtm iêtmams ams a` Fj Fjlk lk a` tr trht hthr hr aj ajv` v`rsh rshss dmlajdjml`s nésjdhs `rhl hfthi`lt` `n`dtjvms, p`rm, `xjkjô fh l`d`sjaha a` ul kjilhsth. _hrh v`ld`r `sth `ltr`kh, `l 83>1, Kusthvm Uhla`r, amdtmr su`dm, ièqujlhs jlv`lthahs a`f `e`rdjdjm  phrh hyuahr h fms phdj`lt`s `l fh `e`dudjôl a` a ` `e`rdjdjms. Aurhlt` fh prji`rh ku`rrh iulajhf `l 8:8;, fms hi`rjdhlms utjfjzhrml fhs ièqujlhs a` Uhla`r y `f imvjij`ltm su`dm a` Fjlk phrh trhthr h fms smfahams c`rjams. @l hqu`f imi`ltm, fh  pjlth `rh dmlmdjah dmim fh ‖i`dhlmt`rhpjh’ y fhs ièqujlhs a` Uhla`r nu`rml utjfjzhahs `l duhrtms `sp`djhfjzhams. Fh Êpmdh Ima`rlh trhem dmlsjkm krhla`s a`sdugrjij`ltms dj`lténjdms y hyuaô h hipfjhr  fms dmlmdjij`ltms hlhtôijdms, a` njsjmfmkéh y a` t`rhpêutjdh. Fhs ku`rrhs iulajhf`s a`ehrml vhrjhs `pja`ijhs, `ltr` `ffhs fh a` fh _mfjmij`fjtjs, fm qu` `stjiufô fh dr`hdjôl a` lu`vms t`rhp`uths y imtjvô fh Nulahdjôl Mnjdjhf a` fms Du`rpms a` Njsjmt`rhp`uths `l tmam `f iulam, krhdjhs h fm qu` fh Njsjmt`rhpjh hdd`ajô hf rhlkm a` `stuajm a` dhrèdt`r uljv`rsjthrjm. H prjldjpjms a` 8:0?, fh pjlth nu` r`hfjzhah `l cmspjthf`s smfhi`lt`2 sjl `ighrkm, `rh smfhi`lt` h njlhf`s a` 8:0? qu` fh pjlth nu` prhdtjdhah nu`rh a` fms cmspjthf`s. @l 8:;1, Hi`rjdhl _cysjdhf Qc`rhpy Hssmdjhtjml «H_QH² (`s ulh mrkhljzhdjôl prmn`sjmlhf a` i`igr`séh jlajvjauhf dml s`a` `l @@. PP. Xu` r`pr`s`lth h iès a` 8??,??? njsjmt`rhp`uths ij`igrms, hsjst`lt`s a` njsjmt`rhp`uths y `stuajhlt`s a` njsjmt`rhpjh) `sthgf`djô ulh ajvjsjôl `sp`djhfjzhah dmlmdjah dmim s`ddjôl mrtmpêajdh phrh fms t`rhp`uths qu` nu`rml `sp`djhfjzhams `l fh pjlth mrtmpêajdh. _hshims h 8:3?, a`gjam hf hav`ljij`ltm a` fhs dmiputhamr`s `l fh jlaustrjh a` fh ht`ldjôl shljthrjh, ajspmsjtjvms thf`s dmim `stjiufhamr`s `fêdtrjdms, nu`rml jltrmaudjams phrh r`hfjzhr fh pjlth. Aurhlt` fhs ams aêdhahs phshahs, ul ha`fhltm `xpml`ldjhf `l `f èr`h a` fh pjlth y a` têdljdhs `sp`djhfjzhahs thf`s dmim pj`f nésjdh, dhrajmpufimlhr, l`urmfôkjdh y fh t`rhpjh a` fms a`pmrt`s (r`dmi`lahah pmr H_QH) ch r`vmfudjmlham `f èr`h a` fh pjlth. @l `sp`djhf, fh hdt hdtuhf uhfjah jahaa fmscmkhr`s njs njsjmt jmt`rhp `rhp`ut `uths hs trh trhghe ghehl hl `l `lht`ldjôl pmfjdf pmfjdfélj éljdms, dms, cmspjth cmsp jthf`s f`s, , d`ltrms d`ltrms a` `audhdjôl cmt`f`s, a` hldjhlms, thltm prjihrjh dmim `sp`djhfjzhah,  ghfl`hrjms, kjilhsjms, d`ltrms a`pmrtjvms, ht`ldjôl amijdjfjhrjh y dmim amd`lt`s `l uljv`rsjaha`s m d`ltrms a` nmrihdjôl. Hdtuhfi`lt` `f njsjmt`rhp`uth, `f bjl`sjôfmkm m `f t`rhp`uth nésjdm sml fms `ldhrkhams a` vhfmrhr, pfhljnjdhr y hpfjdhr i`ajahs t`rhpêutjdhs prmpjhs a` su ajsdjpfjlh `l fhs sjkuj`lt`s `sp`djhfjaha`s iêajdhs5 L`urmfmkéh, _`ajhtréh, K`rmltmfmkéh, Q`rhpjh Jlt`lsjvh, Mgst`trjdjh y Kjl`dmfmkéh, Hlkjmfmkéh y Djrukéh ^hsdufhr, W`uihtmfmkéh, Dhrajmfmkéh,  L`uimfmkéh, Qrhuihtmfmkéh y Mrtmp`ajh, A`pmrt`, Dféljdh Iêajdh y Mldmfmkéh. Fh Njsjmt`rhpjh `stè pr`s`lt`, prèdtjdhi`lt`, `l tmahs fhs `sp`djhfjaha`s iêajdhs y su hpmrt` `s vjthf phrh fh ht`ldjôl y fh r`chgjfjthdjôl a` fhs p`rsmlhs qu` r`quj`rhl a` `stms `sp`djhfjsths.

GHT@T Q@ÔWJDHT (Hlt`d`a`lt`s)

 

T` a`g` a`sthdhr qu` hf sjkfm SJS f` dmrr`spmla` fh mra`lhdjôl a` fms hk`lt`s nésjdms, ij`ltrhs qu` hf SS f` dmrr`spmla` `f lhdjij`ltm a` fh prmn`sjôl njsjmt`rhp`utjdh y, fm qu` `s iès jipmrthlt`, @f a`shrrmffm a` fh Njsjmt`rhpjh dmim Ajsdjpfjlh Dj`lténjdh. @l sjkfms phshams, `l `f a`skfms` a` fms ajn`r`lt`s hk`lt`s nésjdms a` fh njsjmt`rhpjh  phrtjdjphrml ajn`r`lt`s hutmr`s. Fm ijsim sud`a` dml `f a`shrrmffm a` fms ijsim h phrtjr a`f sjkfm SS. @stm s` v` g`l`njdjham pmr fms ajn`r`lt`s p`lshij`ltms p`lshij`ltms `l `st` sjkfm a`sa` `f pultm a` vjsth dj`lténjdm. @stms p`shij`ltms s` ghshl `l hfkulhs t`mréhs (1) qu` nu`rml a`shrrmffhahs pmr `f cmigr`5 - _msjtjvjsim Fôkjdm - Whdjmlhfjsim Drétjdm m Nhfshdjmljsim. - Dmld`pdjôl c`ri`l`utjdh a` fh dj`ldjh. - @f Ihrxjsim.

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Fh njsjmt`rhpjh hfdhlzô ulh kjkhlt`sdh trhsd`la`ldjh `l fms sjkfms S^fff y SfS. T` hpfjdhgh h i`luam h fms jlajvjaums qu` chgéhl sjam iutjfhahs krhdjhs h fh Ku`rrh. @f hui`ltm a`f `e`rdjdjm nésjdm ch sjam dr`dj`lam a` ihl`rh phrhf`fh chsth qu` aurhlt` `f sjkfm SS, fms njsjmt`rhp`uths hkr`khrml h sus phdj`lt`s usuhf`s, dmim `ln`rims y hddja`lthams, fms a`pmrtjsths c`rjams.