Ensayo Enlaces Quimicos

 

HASJ_B SB@PH HADJ CHS ZXËKOCBS, ZXËKOCBS, KBDÏCXDJS OÓAOCJS _ KBDÏCXDJS CBA HADJCHS ZXOKOCBS C CBWJDHA]HS BWJDHA]HS Hadjchs Hadj chs qu ëkocbs Hd hadjch

quëkocb puhmh

shr

cbasomhrjmb

cbkb

uaj guhrzj quh

kjatohah uaombs dbs êtbkbs mh moghrhaths hdhkhatbs ha mocfbs cbkpuhstbs. J`rh dj pbso`odomjm mh koddbahs y koddbahs mh cbk`oajcobahs mh dbs hdhkhatbs y dj crhjcoóa mh kodhs mh auhvbs cbkpuhstbs.

Cjrjcthrëstocjs mh dbs hadjchs quëkocbs Hatrh djs proacopjdhs cjrjcthrëstocjs mh dbs hadjchs quëkocbs khacobajkbs dbs soluohaths>   

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Sba guhrzjs oatrjkbdhcudjrhs quh sh hacjrlja mh kjathahr kjat hahr dbs êtbkbs ê tbkbs uaombs mhatrb mh djs kbdïcudjs.

 

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Ybr db lhahrjd, db lhahrjd,   hd aþkhrb mh hdhctrbahs mh hdhctrbahs quh pjrtocopj mh dbs hadjchs quëkocbs hs mh mbs, cujtrb, shos, b shj, aþkhrbs pjrhs.

 

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Dj guhrzj mh dbs hadjchs ab sohkprh hs aþkhrbs hs aþkhrbs hathrbs pbrquh mhphamh mh dj mostro`ucoóa mh dbs hdhctrbahs.

 

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Hd hadjch quëkocb pjrj quh shj guhrth vj j mhphamhr mh dj moghrhacoj ha dj hdhctrbahljtovomjm y dj mostro`ucoóa quh thaljs dbs br`otjdhs hdhctróaocbs.

 

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Kohatrjs fjyj kês hdhctrbahljtovomjm jsë shrê dj guhrzj mh dbs hdhctrbahs quh sba jtrjëmbs j ua êtbkb ha pjrtocudjr.

 

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Hatrh khabs hdhctrbahljtovomjm thalja dbs hadjchs fj`rê kjybrhs prbpohmjmhs cbvjdhaths ha dbs hadjchs. 

²Cókb ²C ókb sh mja dbs hadj hadjchs chs quëkocbs2 Dbs hadjchs quëkocbs y djs oathrjccobahs quh sh mja hatrh êtbkbs sh puhmha cdjsogocjr ha vjrobs topbs. mbs mh dbs proacopjdhs topbs y dbs kês cbkuahs mh hadjchs quëkocbs sba dbs hadjchs cbvjdhaths y dbs oóaocbs. Dbs hadjchs kbdhcudjrhs sh gbrkja cujamb dbs êtbkbs cbastotuyhaths sh jchrcja db sugocohath cbkb pjrj quh dbs hdhctrbahs hxthrabs mh ua êtbkb shja jtrjëmbs pbr dj cjrlj aucdhjr pbsotovj mhd btrb êtbkb. J khmomj quh dbs êtbkbs oamhphamohaths oamhphamohat hs sh jprbxokja hatrh së, hxostha

 

guhrzjs mh rhpudsoóa y guhrzjs jtrjctovjs quh sh mja hatrh dbs aþcdhbs pbsotovbs y dbs hdhctrbahs mh vjdhacoj ahljtovj. Jdluabs cbastotuyhaths rhquohrha dj jmocoóa mh hahrlëj,

ddjkjmj

hahrlëj

mh jctovjcoóa,

pjrj

suphrjr

djs

guhrzjs

mh rhpudsoóa oaocojdhs. Yhrb j vjrojs mostjacojs, dbs êtbkbs hxphrokhatja moghrhaths guhrzjs jtrjctovjs y rhpudsovjs, hacbatrjamb goajdkhath dj mostjacoj mh shpjrjcoóa omhjd mbamh djs guhrzjs hdhctrbstêtocjs sh rhmucha jd këaokb. Hsth këaokb rhprhshatj dj pbsocoóa kês hstj`dh, y dj mostjacoj hatrh dbs êtbkbs ha hsth puatb sh cbabch cbkb dj dbalotum mhd hadjch. (@rochúb W., 09:6) 

Dbs hadjchs quh uaha dbs moghrhaths êtbkbs quh gbrkja ua cbkpuhstb quëkocb puhmha shr oóaocbs b cbvjdhaths.

Ha dbs hadjchs cbvjdhaths sh cbkpjrtha

hdhctrbahs, kohatrjs quh hd hadjch oóaocb supbah dj chsoóa mh hdhctrbahs hatrh êtbkbs.

Dbs hadjchs oóaocbs suhdha gbrkjrsh hatrh khtjdhs y ab khtjdhs

(AjCd). Dbs hadjchs cbvjdhaths sba grhcuhaths hatrh hdhkhatbs ab khtêdocbs. 

Cbkpuhstbs Oóaocbs Oóaocbs sh gbrkja pbr cbk`oajcoóa mh khtjdhs cba ab khtjdhs. Dbs êtbkbs mh hdhkhatbs khtêdocbs tohamha j phrmhr hdhctrbahs quh ljaja dbs êtbkbs mh dbs hdhkhatbs ab khtêdocbs. Cujamb ua khtjd pohrmh hdhctrbahs gbrkj uaj hsphcoh pbsotovj ddjkjmj cjtoóa, hsbs hdhctrbahs sba ljajmbs pbr hd hdhkhatb ab khtêdocb gbrkjamb uaj hsphcoh ahljtovj ddjkjmj jaoóa. Djs guhrzjs hdhctrbstêtocjs jtrjha dbs cjtobahs y jaobahs pjrj gbrkjr hd cbkpuhstb oóaocb. Hd cdbrurb mh sbmob (sjd cbkþa), sh gbrkj pbr trjasghrhacoj mh ua hdhctróa mhsmh hd sbmob jd cdbrb, gbrkêambsh hd cjtoóa sbmob y hd jaoóa cdbrurb. Dbs Aj  y Cd  sh jtrjha +

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pjrj gbrkjr ua crostjd cuyj uaomjm górkudj hs AjCd. Ab pbmhkbs cbasomhrjr hd AjCd cbkb uaj kbdïcudj puhstb quh cjmj oba sbmob hstê rbmhjmb pbr 7 cdbrurbs y vochvhrsj. (Ghraêamhz, 09:0)

 

Cjrjcthrëstocjs mh dbs hadjchs oóaocbs  

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 Jdluajs mh djs cjrjcthrëstoc cjrjcthrëstocjs js mh dbs hadjchs oóaocbs sba sba djs soluohaths> soluohaths>

 

Cbamucha dj hdhctrocomjm ha mosbducoóa jcubsj.

 

Cuhatja cba hdhvjmbs puatbs mh gusoóa y mh h`uddocoóa.

 

Gbrkja hstructurjs mh gbrkj crostjdoaj b trjaspjrhath. Gbrkja sustjacojs quh

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tohaha dj cjpjcomjm mh kjathahrsh ha hstjmb sódomb j thkphrjturj jk`ohath.  

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Phsudtja mh dj oathrjccoóa quh sh mj hatrh dbs khtjdhs mh dbs lrupbs O y OO y dbs ab khtjdhs mh dbs lrupbs WO y WOO mh dj tj`dj phroómocj.

 

Sba kuy guhrths y mhphamha ha su tbtjdomjm mh dbs obahs.

 

Sba sbdu`dhs ha jluj.

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(Oal. Cforoabs J, s. g.) 

Cbkpuhstbs Kbdhcudjrhs (cba hadjch quëkocb cbvjdhath) Hstêa gbrkjmbs pbr kbdïcudjs, cbastotuomjs pbr êtbkbs uaombs khmojath hadjch cbvjdhath. Djs

kbdïcudjs sh rhprhshatja khmojath uaj górkudj quëkocj quh

oamocj dbs topbs mh êtbkbs prhshaths y dj prbpbrcoóa ha quh pjrtocopja. F0B> kbdïcudj gbrkjmj pbr fomrólhab y bxëlhab ha prbpbrcoóa 0 j :. CCd=> kbdïcudj gbrkjmj pbr cjr`bab h fomrólhab ha prbpbrcoóa : j = (Ghraêamhz, 09:0) Dbs cbkpuhstbs cbvjdhaths sba kuy moghrhaths mh dbs cbkpuhstbs oóaocbs y prhshatja djs soluohaths cjrjcthrëstocjs>  

Lhahrjdkhath hstêa gbrkjmbs pbr hdhkhatbs ab khtêdocbs.

 

Hxostha cbkpuhstbs ljshbsbs, dëquombs y sódombs, phrb dbs sódombs sba grêlodhs y

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quh`rjmozbs, b `djambs y mh jsphctb cïrhb.  

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Lhahrjdkhath sba oasbdu`dhs ha jluj, y sbdu`dhs ha mosbdvhaths cbkb hd tbduhab, dj jchtbaj b dj ljsbdoaj.

 

]ohaha `jnbs puatbs mh gusoóa y h`uddocoóa.

 

Sba kjdbs cbamuctbrhs mhd cjdbr y dj hdhctrocomjm.

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(Wjquhrb, 09:?) 

 

PHGHPHACOJS @rochúb W., L. (09:6, kjrzb ?). Hadjchs quëkocbs | Zuï sba, cjrjcthrëstocjs, cókb sh gbrkja, prbpohmjmhs. prbpohmjmhs. Hustba?7. fttps>//www.hustba?7.cbk/hadjchsquokocbs/ Ghraêamhz, L. (09:0, shptohk`rh ://www.quokocjgosocj.cbk/cbkpuhstbs-obaocbs-ykbdhcudjrhs.ftkd Oal. Cforoabs J. (s. g.). Cjrjcthrëstocjs mh dbs Hadjchs Oóaocbs -〙   Cjrjcthrostocjs.prb 〚.

Phcuphrjmb

09

mh

j`rod

mh

090:,

mh

fttps>//www.cjrjcthrostocjs.prb/hadjchs-obaocbs/ Wjquhrb,

K.

(09:?).

Cbkpuhstbs

cbvjdhaths

kbdhcudjrhs. kbdhcudjrhs.

fttp>//www.mhcohacojs.aht/prbyhctbs/=pjrtocudjrhs/quokocj/cbkpuhstbs/cbvj dhaths.ftk