Ensayo El Siglo de Las Luces

 

Nhgtrm nh fc ajstmrjc nh fc au`cgjncn uojbc`ms njdhrhgths phrjmnms hg fms bucfhs acg hxjstjnm bc`ojms rhfhvcgths hg fc dmr`c nh vjnc nh fc smbjhncn, `js`ms quh acg rhprhshgtcnm trcgsdmr`cbjmghs hg csphbtms bm`m fc hnubcbjòg. Umr hkh`pfm, fc ‖jfustrcbjòg‐ quh hs hf phrjmnm bm`prhgnjnm nhsnh hf sjifm QTJJJ y acstc bm`jhgzms nhf QJQ, y quh surih bm`m bmgshbuhgbjc nh ugc guhvc mricgjzcbjòg `ugnjcf rhsuftcnm nhf thr`jgm nhf nm`jgjm smorh hf bmgmbj`jhgtm c bcrim nh fc rhfjijòg, sjigjdjbò hf cvcgbh nhf brhnm c fm bjhgtàdjbm y fm hxpfjbcofh c trcvês nh fc rczòg. Fc Hnubcbjòg quh cgthrjmr`hgth hrc j`pcrtjnc pmr fc jifhsjc bctòfjbc sudrh ugc shrjh nh bc`ojms hg fms bucfhs sh nc pcsm c fc dmr`cbjòg nh fcs phrsmgcs pmr `hnjm nhf rcbjmgcfjs`m, rhbmgmbjhgnm cf am`orh bm`m ug shr jgthfjihgth, bcpcz nh brhcr su `ugnm y hxprhsc hxpr hscrfm rfm c trcvês trcvês nh fcs crths, crths, fc prmnub prmnubbjò bjòg g nh bmgmbj` bmgmbj`jhg jhgtm tm y fc oûsquh oûsquhnc nc nh su dhfjbjncn. Hstunjcr fc ajstmrjc nh fc hnubcbjòg hs jgnuncofh`hgth hf `hnjm quh gms phr`jtjrã bm`m duturms nmbhgths hgthgnhr tmnm fm quh ac pcscnm c trcvês nh hstms cóms. Hg hf sjiujhgth hgscym comrncrh hf th`c hf ‖sjifm nh fcs fubhs‐ acbjhgnm `hgbjòg hg bm`m hf `mgmpmfjm nh fc jifhsjc smorh fc hnubcbjòg duh sustjtujnm pmr hf imojhrgm y fms ohghdjbjms quh hstm gms nhkò. Fc cutmrc cutmrc Nmrmtay Nmrmtay ^cgbl ^cgbl nh Hstrcnc Hstrcnc gms acofc acofc nh bò`m bò`m pmr `cgnctm `cgnctm nhf _hy Bcrfms JJJ fh qujtc hf bmgtrmf c fc jifhsjc bctòfjbc hxpufscgnm c tmnms fms khsujtcs, fm quh trckm ‖hf bjhrrh bjhrrh nh hsbuhfcs, fc hxprmpjcbjò hxprmpjcbjòg g nh dmgnm y tmncs fcs prmpjhncnhs prmpjhncnhs quh hstcocg hstcocg c bcrim nh fc mrnhg rhfjijmsc‐ 3. Hg hnubcbjòg hstm sjigjdjbm hf jgthrês ‖nhf imojhrgm pmr  cu`hgtcr su pcrtjbjpcbjòg hg fc hgshócgzc bm`m `cghrc nh prm`mvhr hf prmirhsm nh fcs vjrtunhs, fcs bjhgbjcs y hf crth‐ ?. Hxjs Hx jstà tàcc pm pmrr pc pcrt rthh nh nhff im imoj ojhr hrgm gm ug ircg ircg jg jgth thrê rêss pmr ff ffhvc hvcrr hn hnubc ubcbj bjòg òg ir irct ctuj ujtc tc hfh`hgtcf c fms pmorhs, phrm hxbfusjvc`hgth c fms vcrmghs pcrc bmgvhrtjrfms hg phrsmgcs ûtjfhs y nh ouhg iustm, `jhgtrcs quh fcs `ukhrhs hrcg hgvjcncs c hsbuhfcs nhgm`jgcncs

3 ?

 Nmrmtay ^cgbl nh Hstrcnc, Fc hnubcbjòg hg @êxjbm, Hf Bmfhijm nh @êxjbm, ?535, p. 4:.  Nmrmtay ^cgbl nh Hstrcnc, Fc hnubcbjòg hg @êxjbm, p. 9?.

3

 

‖`jics‐ quh thgjc bm`m mokhtjvm cfdcohtjzcrfcs y hgshócrfhs hf bcsthffcgm acstc fms nmbh cóms, pmsthrjmr`hgth hrcg rhtjrcncs c sus amicrhs pcrc prhpcrcrfcs pcrc hf `ctrj`mgjm.

Hf rhy `cgnm c corjr trhs jgstjtubjmghs nh hnubcbjòg suphrjmr quh duhrmg fc hsbuhfc nh omtãgjbc, nh `jghràc y nh bjruiàc, csà bm`m fc cbcnh`jc nh Rcg Bcrfms< nmgnh sh hgshócoc hf iustm pmr fcs crths c fms brjmffms. Xgc bcrcbthràstjbc quh sh csh`hkc c fc rhcfjncn cbtucf hs quh fms suhfnms nh fms nmbhgths hrcg ockm, hstm c bmgshbuhgbjc nh quh hf puhofm qujhg sh bcrcbthrjzcoc pmr su sjtucbjòg hbmgò`jbc prhbcrjc hrc hf hgbcricnm nh cprmocr hf scfcrjm pcrc hf prmdhsmrcnm. Fc cfdcohtjzcbjòg nh fms puhofms jgnàihgcs duh ugc prjmrjncn pcrc hf imojhrgm, puhstm quh hf cprhgnjzckh nhf bcsthffcgm sh ajzm mofjictmrjm, sjg h`ocrim, cgth hf crrcjim nh fms usms y bmstu`orhs nh hsth shbtmr sh hgbmgtrcrmg bmg mpmsjbjòg y rhsjsthgbjc c hsth `cgnctm. Hf mokhtjvm nh hstc mrnhg hrc dcbjfjtcr hf bc`ojm nmi`ãtjbm rhfjijmsm cf bctmfjbjs`m, cgth hf  pcgmrc`c nh rjijnhz fc `mgcrquàc jgstjtubjmgcfjzm cf bcsthffcgm bm`m ûgjbc fhgiuc, jgthgt jgthgtcgn cgnm m csà nhscpc nhscpcrhb rhbhr hr fcs njstjg njstjgtcs tcs fhgiucs fhgiucs acofcncs acofcncs c fm fcr fcrim im nhf thr thrrjt rjtmrj mrjm. m. Rjg h`ocrim, cgth hf cu`hgtm nh fc pmofcbjòg brjmffc hstc `hnjnc drcbcsm y trckm bmgsjim ug jgthrês pmr fc hnubcbjòg, fuhim nh fc cbhptcbjòg nh hsth bmfhbtjvm pcrc shr mrnhgcnms y cbhptcnms hg sh`jgcrjms y cnmbtrjgcnms hg mdjbjms pûofjbms. Cóms `cs tcrnh fc hnubcbjòg tuvm ug cvcgbh hg fc bmgstrubbjòg nh guhvcs hsbuhfcs, phrm smfm pcrc gjócs hspcómfcs nmgnh sh fhs hgshócocg mdjbjms bm`m bmsturc, hsbrjturc y fhbturc,  pfcg quh tuvm ircg cbhptcbjòg fm quh qu h mrjijgm quh duhrcg cojhrtcs vcrjcs jgstjtubjmghs hg fc  Guhvc Hspcóc. Fms `êtmnms nh hgshócgzc quh sh utjfjzcocg hg hsc êpmbc j`pfjbcocg hg prj`hr fuicr  hgshóc hgs hócrr c fhhr fhhr y nh nhsp spuê uêss c hs hsbr brjo jojr jr,, ph phrm rm hg hf tr trcg cgsb sbur ursm sm nh hs hshh pr prmbh mbhsm sm `uba `ubams ms cocgnmgcocg cocgnmgc ocg fc hsbuhfc, hsbuhfc, fm quh nhrjvm hg quh `ubacs phrsmgcs fhàcg fhàcg phrm gm hsbrjoàcg< hsbrjoàcg< hg `j mpjgjòg hstm njstc bm`pfhtc`hgth nh fc dmr`c nh hgshócgzc `mnhrgc, puhstm quh amy hg nàc hf prmbhsm nh fhbturc y hsbrjturc sh ffhvcg sj`uftãghc`hgth, jgdjhrm quh fc nhshrbjòg

?

 

hsbmfcr hrc mbcsjmgcnc pmr quh hf prmbhsm nh fhbturc hrc fhgtm, fm quh courrjc cf cfu`gm y fm mrjffcoc c gm rhirhscr c fc hsbuhfc. Fuhim hgtmgbhs fms hnubcnmrhs nh cquhffc êpmbc bm`hgzcrmg c ncrsh c fc tcrhc nh ousbcr  guhvcs `cghrcs nh ctrchr hf jgthrês nh sus cfu`gms pmr fc fhbturc y fc hsbuhfc, sh bm`hgzò ugc shrjh nh puofjbcbjmghs quh ousbcocg pmr ug fcnm quh sus cfu`gms fhyhrcg y pmr mtrm quh sh jgtrmnukhrcg hg hf `ugnm rhfjijmsm pmr `hnjm nh thxtms scgtms. ‖sh puhnh bmgsjnhrcr  fc Tjnc nh scfvcnmrc nh fms scgtms, jgnjc mtm`à, bm`m hf prj`hr fjorm nh thxtm irctujtm hg @êxjbm‐2. Rjg nunc hsth shrjc ugm nh fms fhicnms `cs j`pmrtcgths nhf phrjmnm nh fc jfustrcbjòg, tc`ojêg nhom `hgbjmgcr quh hf cuih y surij`jhgtm nh phncimims hurmphms tuvm ug j`pcbtm cuthgtjbm hg fc hnubcbjòg hg guhstrm pcàs, phrm nhsnh hsth phrjmnm trcsbjhgnh fc j`pfh`hgtcbjòg nh `mnhfms hnubctjvms hxtrcgkhrms j`pfh`hgtcnms nh `cghrc njrhbtc hg fc hgshócgzc @hxjbcgc, prãbtjbc quh acstc hf nàc nh amy sh ac shiujnm sjg quh sh ihghrh nhsnh fc `ctrjz nh fc njvhrsjncn nh guhstrc g uhstrc bufturc ugc `cghrc nh hnubcr c guhstrms hstunjcgths. Hg `j mpjgjòg hf phrjmnm nh fc jfustrcbjòg trckm bmgsjim bc`ojms rcnjbcfhs c fc hnubcbjòg, sjg h`ocrim pjhgsm quh pmr hf duhrth crrcjim rhfjijmsm quh gms bcrcbthrjzc bm`m @hxjbcgms gm sh fmirm hf mokhtjvm nh bc`ojcr hstc vjsjòg pmr ugc guhvc dmr`c nh vjnc ocscnc hg fm rcbjmgcf y fm bjhgtàdjbm, `ubams mtrms pcàshs tuvjhrmg ircgnhs cvcgbhs, ah jgbfusm ircgnhs hxpmghgths hg ãrhcs bm`m crth y hnubcbjòg bcrcbthràstjbms nh hstc êpmbc, sjg h`ocrim gm duh guhstrm bcsm, pmsjofh`hgth bm`m bmgshbuhgbjc nh fc mbupcbjòg y mprhsjòg nh fc bucf êrc` êrc`ms ms mo mokh khtm tm