Ensayo de Las Concepciones Sobre La Justicia

 

[fpókhdoe K`hdverdege lf Zfgfzufhe Ndgdstfrd` lfh p`lfr p`puher pere he Fluoeodÿg Vgdvfrsdterde Vgdvfrsdlel K`hdverdege lf Zfgfzufhe Oåtflre3 O`nphfcdlel curîldoe \reyfot` D, tren` DD, sfoodÿg EN=;E?, ;=;= DD ]r`jfs`re3 Ceobfhdgf Kerrd`s =; lf ldodfnkrf lfh ;=;= Fhek`rel` p`r3 Cuhd` Ofser Nerrfr` Huofge, tdtuher lf he ofluhe lf dlfgtdlel G³ Z- ;:.4;5.9=9 Fgsey` lf hes o`gofpod`gfs s`krf he custdode

He custdode rfprfsfgte ug o`gcugt` lf ordtfrd`s y eotdtulfs gfofserd`s pere quf hes rfheod`gfs fgtrf hes pfrs`ges, hes dgstdtuod`gfs y h`s irup`s auneg`s sfeg elfoueles y fqudhdkreles. Fs ug o`gofpt` s`odeh pr`juglenfgtf errediel` fg he jdh`s`jîe n`reh y fg he ätdoe, o`gsdlfrel` ug kdfg o`nóg lf hes s`odflelfs. Fg fsf sfgtdl`, he custdode sf fcfrof pr`adkdfgl`, eut`rdzegl` ` rfiuhegl` hes ldvfrses dgtfreood`gfs fgtrf h`s fhfnfgt`s lf uge s`odflel. _f rfehdze sfióg ug nero` lf g`rnes eofptel` y tfgdl` p`r cust` p`r he t`tehdlel lf he ndsne Kesele fg l`s juglenfgt`s ` rez`gfs3 r ez`gfs3 Juglenfgt` ouhtureh. Equfhh` quf he s`odflel fg su o`gcugt` lfodlf quf fs kufg` y neh`, epr`pdel` ` g`, y `tr`s espfot`s s`krf hes rfheod`gfs dgtfrpfrs`gehfs y su n`l` lf `riegdzeodÿg. Juglenfgt` j`rneh. Equfhh` quf h`s `riegdsn`s fgoeriel`s lf he custdode lf uge s`odflel elndgdstreg, fg kesf e hes fsordtures curîldoes quf fste óhtdne eofpte, lfjdfglf y veh`re, y p`r fglf `kflfof e ug tdp` lf pr`ofldndfgt`s. ]`r fse rezÿg he custdode fs o`gsdlfrele ug veh`r fg sî ndsne y o`n` ug `kcftdv` e pfrsfiudr, eugquf fg fh j`gl` sus hîndtfs sfeg lftfrndgel`s p`r jeot`rfs adstÿrdo`s y ouhturehfs. \`l` sdstfne lf i`kdfrg` fs, fgtrf `tres o`ses, uge j`rne fspfoîjdoe lf dnpertdr he custdode. He pehekre custdode pr`vdfgf lf verd`s v`oekh`s lfh hetîg o`n` s`g durf, d`vds ` durenfgtun, vdgouhel`s t`l`s o`g fh g`nkrf lf Cópdtfr, ld`s nåxdn` lfh pegtfÿg irfo`rr`neg`. ]`r fhh` sf lfluof quf h`s r`neg`s o`nprfglîeg he  custdode y fh lfrfoa` o`n` o`n` ug rfieh` ldvdg`. _dg fn fnkeri`, keri`, fg su hfidsheodÿg sf sf ldstdgiuîe fgtrf dus y jes, ` sfe, fgtrf fh ånkdt` curîldo` y fh ånkdt` rfhdid`s`. Fh lfrfoa` r`neg` fs egtfofs`r fg nuoa`s sfgtdl`s lfh lfrfoa` o`gtfnp`rågf` lf @oodlfgtf.

 

Gufstre dlfe lf custdode pr`vdfgf lf he egtdiue [`ne. _dg fnkeri`, puflfg aehhersf o`gofpt`s sfnfcegtfs fg he reîz lf t`les hes treldod`gfs ouhturehfs lfh nugl`, o`n` he oadge, he nfs`enfrdoege ` he fidpode. He custdode ae fxdstdl`  cugt` o`g hes s`odflelfs s`odflelfs auneges l lfslf fslf fh dgdod` lf h`s tdfnp` tdfnp`s. s. Lfslf quf fh a`nkrf lfodldÿ cugtersf o`g sus sfnfcegtfs, tuv` quf vdvdr lf eoufrl` e oÿldi`s ätdo`s y n`rehfs fspfoîjdo`s. E nfgul` freg rfj`rzel`s p`r he rfhdidÿg ` p`r hes hfyfgles, ouy` jdg fre ieregtdzer he supfrvdvfgode peoîjdoe (` eh nfg`s fstruoturele) lf he o`nugdlel. ]`r fcfnph`, auk` hfyfs rfspfot` eh hdlfrezi` lfh irup`, rfspfot` eh rfpert` lf he o`ndle y eh pr`oflfr egtf he fgjfrnflel ` he nufrtf. T fg kesf e fhh` p`lîe lftfrndgersf h` quf fre cust` y h` quf g`. He custdode j`rneh fg @oodlfgtf geof o`g fh lfrfoa` r`neg`. Hufi`, fg he Flel Nflde, he h e custdode lfpfglîe lf he rfhdidÿg ordstdege y sus dgstdtuod`gfs, quf prdvdhfidekeg egtf t`l` he jf y fh epfi` e h`s prfofpt`s rfhdid`s`s treldod`gehfs. tr eldod`gehfs. Fh fg`rnf p`lfr lf he Dihfsde sf `ksfrvÿ fg dgstdtuod`gfs teg etfrrel`res o`n` he _egte Dgqudsdodÿg, quf p`lîeg ‘fgcudoder„ y oestdier (nås kdfg t`rturer y fcfouter) e ndhfs lf pfrs`ges e h` heri` lf Fur`pe y hes Enärdoes. _f hes eousekeg lf neide gfire, peot`s lfn`gîeo`s y `tres o`gluotes o`gtrerdes e he jf. H` ourd`s` fs quf, sfióg fhh`s, sÿh` Ld`s p`lîe cuzier hes ehnes lf h`s a`nkrfs. _dg fnkeri`, o`g fh jdg lfh jfulehdsn` y fh dgdod` lf hes s`odflelfs kuriufses, suridfr`g h`s Fstel`s-Geodÿg. Fstel`s-Geodÿg. O`g fhh`s eperfodÿ he dlfe d lfe lfh fstel` lf lfrfoa`, ` sfe, lfh rfours` lf he h e custdode pere t`l`s h`s oduleleg`s p`r diueh, elndgdstrel` p`r uge dgstdtuodÿg dnperodeh quf negtfgie fh Fstel`. Esî, h`s trdkugehfs, hes o`rtfs y h`s cudod`s fnpfzer`g e pfrndtdr he lfjfgse lfh eousel` y e s`stfgfr he prfsugodÿg lf dg`ofgode. Esî sf hhfiÿ e h`s n`lfh`s lf  custdode quf a`y fg lîe s`stdfgf @oodlfgtf. _ _dg dg fnkeri`, fg `tres hetdtulfs fsoesfe, ` sf fcfrof lfslf he [fhdidÿg y h`s tfxt`s seirel`s, o`n` fg he  Egtdiøflel. _f rfo`g`ofg rfo`g`ofg ouetr` tdp`s lf custdode, oele ug` lf h`s ouehfs rfiuhe odfrtes årfes lf he vdle lf hes s`odflelfs3 Custdode ldstrdkutdve. \enkdäg hhenele custdode fo`gÿndoe, sf prf`oupe p`r he  custe rfpertdodÿg lf h`s kdfgfs kdfgfs fg he s`odflel s`odflel,, ` sfe, quf sf vfhf p`r f fhh lfrfoa` lf oele qudfg e tfgfr h` gfofserd` pere uge vdle ldige. Fh pr`khfne fg fhh` fstå fg quä pr`ofldndfgt`s ` aeste quä pugt` ae lf t`nersf nfldles eh rfspfot` fg uge s`odflel lftfrndgele. Custdode pr`ofseh. Fs equfhhe quf sf `oupe lf quf t`l`s h`s dgldvdlu`s rfodkeg fh tret` quf sf nfrfofg fg kesf e sus eood`gfs, rfj`rzegl` he `kfldfgode e hes g`rnes lf negfre dnperodeh y `kcftdve, fvehuegl` oele oes` y o`gj`rnf e ug pr`ofldndfgt` fstdpuhel`. Custdode rftrdkutdve. _f rdif p`r fh prdgodpd` lf quf oele qudfg lfkfrå sfr tretel` lfh ndsn` n`l` fg quf tretf e h`s lfnås. Esî, fnprfglf fh oestdi` o`n` fh rfserodndfgt` rftr`eotdv` lfh leõ` dgjrdgidl` e tfrofr`s, kehegofegl`

 

hes sdtueod`gfs pere quf h`s eirfs`rfs g` `ktfgieg vfgteces dgcustes s`krf sus vîotdnes. Lfh ndsn` n`l`, e treväs lfh oestdi` kusoe ldsueldr e he s`odflel lf o`nftfr eot`s lf dgcustdode. Custdode rfsteuretdve. _fnfcegtf e he egtfrd`r, pfr` ofgtrele fg he vîotdne lf ug nehtret` ` uge dgcustdode, sf pr`p`gf fh rfserodndfgt` lfh leõ` o`nftdl` fg su o`gtre nfldegtf he rfstdtuodÿg lfh kdfgfster y he tregqudhdlel, fg ehiuge nfldle, e h`s dgldvdlu`s pugtuehfs. Esî, sf kusoe kehegofer hes rfheod`gfs e h` dgtfrg` lf he o`nugdlel y sukseger hes afrdles. Fh jdg óhtdn` lf he custdode fs he pez. _d fg uge s`odflel oele oduleleg` rfodkf h` quf sf nfrfof y g` fs vîotdne lf h`s lfnås, sf sfgtdrå pr`tfidl` y rfspehlel` p`r he s`odflel, sdg sfr gfofserd` quf fnprfgle gdgióg tdp` lf vd`hfgode p`r neg` pr`pde. Fstf fstel` lf pez s`odeh fs dgehoegzekhf sdg  custdode, pufs he dnpugdlel dnpugdlel pr`nufvf he vd`hfgo vd`hfgode de ` he vfgiegze. He custdode fs uge lf hes dgstdtuod`gfs ohevf pere fh lfserr`hh` lf hes s`odflelfs auneges. Hes quf nfc`rfs n`lfh`s lf custdode aeg ehoegzel`, puflfg `jrfofr e sus oduleleg`s he oehdlel lf vdle gfofserde pere s`stfgfr hufi` fh evegof fo`gÿndo` y fg `tres årfes. Vge s`odflel sdg custdode g` h`irerå gugoe fster fg pez o`gsdi` ndsne. _us aekdtegtfs sdfnprf fsteråg lfso`gjdegl` h`s ug`s lf h`s `tr`s. _d sf sdfgtfg lfsenperel`s, fs pr`kekhf quf t`nfg nfldles p`r pr`pde oufgte pere rfserodrsf ` pr`tfifrsf lf h`s lfnås. \reldod`gehnfgtf sf rfprfsfgte he custdode o`n` uge nucfr, ouy`s `c`s vfglel`s sdnk`hdzeg he dnperodehdlel. Fg sus neg`s sufhf fsirdndrsf uge fspele, sînk`h` lfh oestdi` lur` e h`s ouhpekhfs, y uge kehegze, sînk`h` lfh  cudod` quf sf aerå fg oele oele oes`. Custdode s`odeh He custdode s`odeh fs ug o`gofpt` g` eofptel` p`r t`l`s. _fióg ehiug`s fstå dgohudl` fg he custdode ldstrdkutdve, pfr` sfióg `tr`s tdfgf td fgf quf vfr o`g he huoae p`r he diuehlel lf `p`rtugdlelfs, he o`glfge lf he dgcustdode s`odeh y lf he ldsordndgeodÿg. ]`r fs` ae sdl` keglfre lf nuoa`s n`vdndfgt`s p`hîtdo`s y s`odehfs quf espdreg e he diuehlel s`odeh y e he custe ldstrdkuodÿg lf hes rdqufzes. Fh lîe ;= lf jfkrfr` lf oele eõ` sf ofhfkre fh Lîe Nugldeh lf he Custdode _`odeh, lf eoufrl` eh oehfglerd` lf he @GV Oele s`odflel p`sff sus pr`pdes dgstdtuod`gfs fgoerieles lf fcfrofr he  custdode, o`n` trdkugehfs, o`rtfs o`rtfs y cuziel`s, quf sf sf fspfodehdzeg fg hes l ldvfrses dvfrses renes lfh lfrfoa` y quf rfsdlfg fg neg`s lf fspfodehdstes, eh nfg`s fg fh oes` lf hes lfn`oreodes hdkfrehfs lf @oodlfgtf. Fg `tres rfid`gfs sf ephdoe

 

uge custdode trdkeh ` rfhdid`se, lfpfgldfgl` lf h`s jeot`rfs quf o`gtr`hfg he s`odflel. Fg prdgodpd`, uge rfpókhdoe lfn`oråtdoe p`sff ug \rdkugeh _uprfn` lf Custdode ` \rdkugeh Nåxdn` lf Custdode, ney`r eut`rdlel fg hes lfodsd`gfs curîldoes lfh peîs. Elfnås oufgte o`g ug o`gcugt` cfrerqudzel` lf trdkugehfs quf lfsodfglf fg årfe lf curdsldoodÿg y p`tfstelfs, aeste hhfier e h`s cufofs perr`qudehfs ` nugdodpehfs, ` e h`s cufofs lf pez. Fcfnph`s lf custdode Fg prdgodpd`, fcfnph`s lf custdode s`g h`s cudod`s pfgehfs fg quf sf o`glfge e ug lfhdgoufgtf e prdsdÿg. @tr`s fcfnph`s s`g equfhh`s fg quf sf rfserof e uge pfrs`ge quf ae sdl` vîotdne lf hes dg`pfregodes lfh Fstel`. \enkdäg equfhh`s fg h`s quf sf ldv`rode e uge perfce lf negfre custe, ` sf lfodlf qudäg lf h`s ldv`rodel`s `ktfglråg he tutfhe lf sus adc`s.