Ensayo de Cadena de Suministros

 

JH\FPKlk DKO@\S@LF P LFCJHF CJ \ZM@H@\SYK\ @HSYKCZLL@ÜH Dfs flt`v`cfcjs cj dkoíst`lf sj rjp`tjh mulefs vjljs fhtjs cj quj uh prkcultk ddjouj f su duofr cj mjrlfck, uhf skdf jmprjsf hk js lfpfz cj lkhtrkdfr tkck su lfhfd cj ndugk cj prkcultk, cjscj df nujhtj cj df mftjr`f pr`mf efstf dks puhtks cj lkhsumk n`hfd, df dkoíst`lf cj dks hjokl`ks pfrf uhf jmprjsf `hc`v`cufd t`jhj fdlfhlj mæs d`m`tfck, cjscj jd puhtk cj v`stf cj df dkoíst`lf, hk tjrm`hf lkh su jhtrjof fd ld`jhtj. Dks prkcultks sj vujdvjh kiskdjtks, sj cföfh k hk nuhl`khfh y skh cjvujdtks f sus puhtks cj kr`ojh pfrf su rjpfrfl`üh k jd`m`hfl`üh.

DF LF LFCJ CJHF HF CJ \Z \ZM@ M@H@ H@\S \SYK YK\7 \7 Js uh lkhguhtk lkhguhtk cj flt`v`c flt`v`cfcjs fcjs nuhl`kh nuhl`khfdjs fdjs (trfhspkrtj, lkhtrkd cj `hvjhtfr`ks, jtl.) quj sj rjp`tjh mulefs vjljs f dk dfrok cjd lfhfd cj ndugk, mjc`fhtj dfs lufdjs df mftjr`f pr`mf sj lkhv`jrtj jh prkcultks tjrm`hfcks y sj föfcj vfdkr pfrf jd lkhsum`ckr. Jstrf Jst rftj tjo` o`ff cj df dk dkoí oíst st`l `lff y cj df Lfcj Lfcjhf hf cj \u \um` m`h` h`st strk rks7 s7 Dks jhnkqujs jhnkqujs `hhkvfckrjs jh df jstrftjo`f dkoíst`lf y lfcjhf cj sum`h`strks pujcjh rjprjsjhtfr  uhf vjhtfgf lkmpjt`t`vf. Zhf jstrftjo`f dkoíst`lf lujhtf lkh trjs kigjt`vks7 Yjcull`üh cj lkstks7 Js c`r`o`cf efl`f dkorfr m`h`m`zfr dks lkstks vfr`fidjs Yjcull`üh cj lfp`tfd7 m`h`m`zfl`üh cjd h`vjd cj `hvjrs`üh jh jd s`stjmf dkoíst`lk. Jst strrftjo`fs cj mjg jgk krf cjd sjrv` v`ll`k7 dks dks `hor `horjs jsks ks cjpj cjpjhc hcjh jh cjd h`vj h`vjdd prkpkrl`khfck cjd sjrv`l`k cj dkoíst`lf.

QDFHJFL@ÜH CJ DF DKOÍ\S@LF P CJ DFLFCJHF CJ \ZM@H@\SYK\ Srftf cj rjspkhcjr dfs prjouhtfs quà, luæhck y lümk, y t`jhj duofr jh trjs h`vjd h`v jdjs. js. Df pr pr`hl `hl`p `pfd fd c`njrj c`njrjhl hl`f `f jhtrj jhtrj jdd jddfs fs js jd ekr`z ekr`zkh khtj tj cj t`jmp t`jmpk k pfrf pfrf df pdfhjfl`üh.

H`vjdjs cj pdfhjfl`üh Qdfhjfl`üh Qdfhjfl `üh Jstrftào Jstrftào`lf7 `lf7 \j lkhs`cj lkhs`cjrf rf cj dfrok dfrok fdlfhlj fdlfhlj,, t`jmpk t`jmpk js mfykr mfykr cj uh fök. Qdfhjfl`üh Sælt`lf7 @mpd`lf uh ekr`zkhtj cj t`jmpk `htjrmjc`k, mjhkr cj uh fök. Qdfhjfl`üh Kpjrft`vf7 Skmf cj cjl`s`khjs cj lkrtk fdlfhlj, lfcf ekrf k f c`fr`k.  Fikrcf luftrk ærjfs cjl`s`khjs luftrk pr`hl`pfdjs pr`hl`pfdjs cj cj `hvjhtfr`k prkidjmfs7 prkidjmfsy7 Qr`hl`pfdjs ærjfs fd cjld`jhtj, pdfhjfl`üh7 h`vjdjs cj sjrv`l`k ui`lfl`üh cj `hstfdfl`khjs, cjl`s`khjs cj trfhspkrtfl`üh.

Luæhck pdfhjfr  \j pujcjh knrjljr díhjfs cj fll`üh ojhjrfd pfrf vfdkrfl`üh y fuc`tkr`f cj rjc jh dfs l`hlk ærjfs ldfvj7 Cjmfhcf7 ojkoræn`lf `hnduyjh jh df lkhn`ourfl`üh cj dfs rjcjs cj dkoíst`lf. \jrv`l`k fd ld`jhtj7 ^jdkl`cfc, rfp`cjz y prjl`s`üh pfrf lumpd`r lkh uh pjc`ck. Lfrfltjríst`lfs cjd prkcultk7 pjsk cjd prkcultk, vkdumjh (l÷i`lk), vfdkr y r`jsok. Lkstks cj dkoíst`lf7 \um`h`strk nís`lk y df c`str`iul`üh nís`lf. Qkdít`lf cj prjl`ks7 Df rjspkhsfi`d`cfc pfrf l`jrtfs flt`v`cfcjs cj dkoíst`lf. sj cjr`vfh cj df hfturfdjzf D`hjfm`jhtks pfrf df nkrmudfl`üh cj df jstrftjo`f7 ÷h`lf cj dfs flt`v`cfcjs dkoíst`lfs, jspjl`fdmjhtj cj trfhspkrtfl`üh.

 

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C`str C`s tr`iu `iul`ü l`üh h c`n c`njrj jrjhl` hl`fcf fcf77 Hk tkck tkcks s dks prkcu prkcult ltks ks cjij cjijríf rífh h prkpk prkpkrl` rl`khf khfrr jd m`smk h`vjd cj sjrv`l`k fd ld`jhtj. Jstrftjo`f m`xtf7 pjrm`tj quj sj jstfidjzlf uhf jstrftjo`f üpt`mf pfrf orupks cj prkcultks `hcjpjhc`jhtjs. Qkstjrofl`üh7 jv`tfr jd jhvík cj i`jhjs fhtjs cj quj sj prjsjhtj df cjmfhcf. pkcjrksf nujrzf jlkhüm`lf jlkhüm`lf jh df pdfhjfl`üh pdfhjfl`üh jstrftào`lf. Lkhskd`cfl`üh7 Js uhf pkcjrksf Jstfhcfr`zfl`üh7 Df vfr`jcfc lkirf su prjl`k cjhtrk cjd lfhfd cj df dkoíst`lf \JDJLL@ÜH CJ DF J\SYFSJO@F CJ LFHFD FCJLZFCF  Fnjltf df jn`l`jhl`f jn`l`jhl`f jnjlt`v`cfcjs jnjlt`v`cfcjs df lfcjhf cj sum`h`strks. sum`h`strks. Jx`stjh cks jstrftjo`fs7 jd sum`h`strk pfrf fdmfljhfm`jhtk y jd sum`h`strk pfrf pjc`ck 

LKHLDZ\@ÜH Cfck quj dfs nujhtjs cj mftjr`fs pr`mfs, dfs næir`lfs y dks puhtks cj vjhtf hkrm hk rmfd fdmj mjht htj j hk jstæ jstæh h ui`l ui`lfc fcks ks jh dks dks m` m`sm smks ks duof duofrj rjs s y jd lfhf lfhfdd cj ndug ndugk k rjprjsjhtf uhf sjlujhl`f cj pfsks cj mfhunflturf, dfs flt`v`cfcjs cj dkoíst`lf sj rjp`tjh mulefs vjljs fhtjs cj quj uh prkcultk ddjouj f su duofr cj mjrlfck. mjrlfck. @hldusk jhtkhljs, dfs flt`v`cfcjs cj dkoíst`lf sj rjp`tjh uhf vjz mæs lufhck dks prkcultks prkcultk s usfcks sj rjl`ldfh jh jd lfhfd cj df dkoíst`lf pjrk jh sjht`ck `hvjrsk, df lfcjhf cj sum`h`strks tjrm`hf lkh df jd`m`hfl`üh n`hfd cj uh prkcultk.

@HSJOYFHSJ\7

LFYHÀ

Ckr`s D`sjte Lü U`h`l Jdsf Mfr`hf \ulul Szfg

1990 -61 - 9> 1990 -61 - :66:

@H\SYZLL@KHJ\7 F lkhthufl`üh jhlkhrfræ fdouhks lfsks cj fpd`lfl`üh pfrf df uh`cfc jh jsuc`k (sjo÷h jxpks`l`üh cklumjhfd cjd orupk 6 y jxpd`lfl`khjs y fmpd`fl`khjs cjd Nfl`d`fckr), f df duz cj dfs djlurfs cj c`leks lfsks, fpdíqujdjs uh NKCF, cj dks rjsudfcks quj kijhof cj jsf ejrrfm`jhf, lkhlduyf lfcf lfsk `hc`lfhck jd jsfck flufd cj df jmprjsf y lkmk pkcríf mjgkrfr su lfcjhf cj jsrfjo`fs cj sum`h`srks lfcf lfsk. y jh jd mjgkr cj dks lfsks `hc`lfr s` hk efy hfcf quj mjgkrfr…..\usjhj i`jh su lkhldus`üh jh LF\K HK. 6.

@BJF7 Zh Mkcjdk f \jou`r Nuhcfcf jh df càlfcf cj dks 31‐s, jstf lkmpföíf nfir`lfhtj cj mujidjs ef jxpfhc`ck sus puhtks cj vjhtf f mæs cj ”, forjof. Zh ejlek lur`ksk jh Qrkmkl`khjs 6196 js quj df jmprjsf c`sm`huyü su lfrtjrf cj ld`jhtjs lfs` jh uh 31% pfrf dkorfr jstfi`d`cfc jlkhüm`lf. \`h jmifrok, jstf mjc`cf hk ef fnjltfck jd h`vjd cj rjhc`m`jhtk y jnjlv`cfc cj df jmprjsf. —Ejmks cjgfck cj trfifgfr lkh díhjfs quj hk jrfh rjhtfidjs. Jh uh mkmjhtk ddjofmks f tjhjr mæs cj m`d `tjms flvks. Mfhjgfr uhf lfhcfc fdtf cj prkcultks trfj `hlkhvjh`jhtjs dkoíslks pkrquj jhjs mæs prkvjjckrjs”. Qfrf lkhtrfrrjstfr dfs pàrc`cfs quj ojhjrfif df rjcull`üh cj df lfrtjrf cj ld`jhtjs, sj kpm`zü jd lftædkok cj prkcultks lkh mfykr àhnfs`s jh fqujddks quj tjhífh uh pdus fc`l`khfd y quj skh mæs rjhtfidjs fd vjhcjrsj jh lfhcfc. —Js pkr jdd jddk k quj quj kpm`z kpm`zfmk fmkss hujstr hujstrk k pkrtfn pkrtfnkd` kd`k k lkh prkcul prkcultks tks mæs rjhtfi rjhtfidjs djs,, cj mfykr mfykr l`rludfl`üh lkmjrl`fd y lkh mæs fpkyk cj dks prkvjjckrjs. Ejmks fle`lfck jd pkrtfnkd`k lfs` jh uh 31 %. Sjhjmks mulefs díhjfs quj lkmpjfh jhtrj sí, fekrf hks ejmks qujcfck lkh dks mæs nujrtjs". Eky Qrkmkl`khjs 6196 js uhf jmprjsf dícjr jh c`str`iul`üh cj prkcultks pfrf  nkkcsjrv`ljs  jh ektjdjs, rjstfurfhtjs y lfs`hks. Fs`m`smk, cjscj eflj pklk jmpk ftræs, jstæ `hhkvfhck su stf  lkh prkcultks cj sjour`cfc `hcustr`fd.

 

NKYSFDJWF\7 

KQKYSZH@CFCJ\7

Kpm`z Kpm `zfr fr hk hktk tkr` r`fm fmjh jhtj tj su suss pr prkl kljs jsks ks jh Kpm`zfr jd lftædkok cj prkcultks lkh lkh mfykr c` c`njr njrjht jhtjs js ærjfs ærjfs cj df jmprjs jmprjsff f pjsfr pjsfr cj àhn hnfs fs`s `s jh fq fquj ujdd ddks ks quj quj tj tjhí hífh fh uh pd pdus us ef efij ijrr c`sm c`sm`h `hu` u`ck ck pj pjrs rskh khfd fd y rjcu rjcul` l`ck ck su fc`l`khfd y quj skh mæs rjhtfidjs fd vjhcjrsj lfrtjrf cj prkcultks y ld`jhtjs. jh lfhcfc. Qrkcultk Qrkcu ltkss rjhtfi rjhtfidjs djs,, cj mfykr mfykr l`rlu l`rludf dfl`ü l`üh h lkmjrl`fd y lkh fpkyk cj dks prkvjjckrjs.

CJI@D@CFCJ\7

FMJHFWF\7

Jdjvfck `hvjhtfr`k cj prkcultks.

Jd ræp`ck lrjl`m`jhtk cj df jmprjsf lfs` dks cjgf nujrf cj l`rludfl`üh. l`rludfl`üh.

 Srfifgfr lkh díhjfs quj hk jrfh rjhtfidjs. Jd fumjhtk jxpkhjhl`fd cj ld`jhtjs, rjpjrluü nuhl`k `khf hfm` m`jh jhtk tk kpj kpjrf rfv vk k cj df Mfhjgfr uhf lfhcfc fdtf cj prkcultks trfj jh jd nuhl c`str` r`iu iu`c `ckr krf, f, oj ojhj hjrf rfhc hck k mf mfyk ykrj rjss of ofst stks ks `hlkhvjh `hlk hvjh`jht `jhtjs js dkoíslks dkoíslks pkrquj pkrquj jhjs jhjs mæs c`st kpjrfvks. prkvjjckrjs”. mulefs díhjfs quj lkmpjfh jhtrj sí 

LF\K HK. /Ykgfs fhcdj/61>:3/6?06>/YkgfsMu Mu %L