Ensayo Científico Jurídico - LA PRESUNCIÓN DE INOCENCIA VS. LA PRISIÓN PREVENTIVA
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Descripción: LA PRESUNCIÓN DE INOCENCIA VS. LA PRISIÓN PREVENTIVA...
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LA PRESUNCIÓN DE INOCENCIA VS. LA PRISIÓN PREVENTIVA
LIC. CHRISTIAN RENÉ FRAGOSO VELÁZQUEZ LIC. CRYSTAL CELESTE PORCAYO CÁRDENAS LIC. JESSICA YAZMÍN POPOCA GARCÍA
CUERNAVACA, MORELOS; A LOS 2 DÍAS DEL MES DE JUNIO DE 2!"#.
1
ÍNDICE
TEMA
PÁG.
1.- INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL ……………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………...3 …………...3
2.- ANTECEDENTES Y CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL SISTEMA ACUSATORIO ADVERSARIAL …………..................3
3.- PRINCIPIOS QUE RIGEN EL SISTEMA ACUSATORIO ADVERSARIAL DE ENJUICIAMIENTO PENAL ………6 3.1.- PRINCIPIO DE ORALIDAD ……………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………..6 .6 3.2.- PRINCIPIO DE INMEDIACIÓN ……………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………7 ………………………………………7 3.3.- PRINCIPIO DE CONTRADICCIÓN ………………………………………………………………………….8 3..- PRINCIPIO DE PU!LICIDAD …………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………..." …………………………………..." 3.#.- PRINCIPIO DE CONCENTRACIÓN CONCENTRACIÓN Y CONTINUIDAD …………………………………………………...1$ …………………………………………………...1$ 3.6.- PRINCIPIO DE PRESUNCIÓN DE INOCENCIA …………………………………………………………..11 …………………………………………………………..11
.- ORIGEN DE LA PRESUNCIÓN DE INOCENCIA ……………………………………………………………………….1# ……………………………………………………………………….1# .1.- ANTECEDENTES E%TERNOS DE LA PRESUNCIÓN DE INOCENCIA ……………………………….16 .2.- ANTECEDENTES INTERNOS DE LA PRESUNCIÓN DE INOCENCIA ………………………………..18
#.- NATURALE&A Y CONTENIDO DE LA PRESUNCIÓN DE INOCENCIA ……………………………………………..32
6.- PRISIÓN PREVENTIVA PREVENTIVA VS. PRESUNCIÓN DE INOCENCIA…………………………………………………………32 INOCENCIA…………………………………………………………32
7.- CONCLUSIÓN…………… CONCLUSIÓN……………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………..33 …………..33
2
ÍNDICE
TEMA
PÁG.
1.- INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL ……………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………...3 …………...3
2.- ANTECEDENTES Y CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL SISTEMA ACUSATORIO ADVERSARIAL …………..................3
3.- PRINCIPIOS QUE RIGEN EL SISTEMA ACUSATORIO ADVERSARIAL DE ENJUICIAMIENTO PENAL ………6 3.1.- PRINCIPIO DE ORALIDAD ……………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………..6 .6 3.2.- PRINCIPIO DE INMEDIACIÓN ……………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………7 ………………………………………7 3.3.- PRINCIPIO DE CONTRADICCIÓN ………………………………………………………………………….8 3..- PRINCIPIO DE PU!LICIDAD …………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………..." …………………………………..." 3.#.- PRINCIPIO DE CONCENTRACIÓN CONCENTRACIÓN Y CONTINUIDAD …………………………………………………...1$ …………………………………………………...1$ 3.6.- PRINCIPIO DE PRESUNCIÓN DE INOCENCIA …………………………………………………………..11 …………………………………………………………..11
.- ORIGEN DE LA PRESUNCIÓN DE INOCENCIA ……………………………………………………………………….1# ……………………………………………………………………….1# .1.- ANTECEDENTES E%TERNOS DE LA PRESUNCIÓN DE INOCENCIA ……………………………….16 .2.- ANTECEDENTES INTERNOS DE LA PRESUNCIÓN DE INOCENCIA ………………………………..18
#.- NATURALE&A Y CONTENIDO DE LA PRESUNCIÓN DE INOCENCIA ……………………………………………..32
6.- PRISIÓN PREVENTIVA PREVENTIVA VS. PRESUNCIÓN DE INOCENCIA…………………………………………………………32 INOCENCIA…………………………………………………………32
7.- CONCLUSIÓN…………… CONCLUSIÓN……………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………..33 …………..33
2
INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL
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28
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Penal) ,uinta" *ornada" "obre *u"ticia Penal op1 cit1 :. 23". 11
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32
de cargo1 Eliminación de la prueba de confe"ión en el "i"tema de $u"ticia penal me4icano1” P+5+( E,= E,4+(* , *( U0+,(, A/4=5( , A9/((*4 MHB 2$$6 :. 17. 13
? , ,4((+ *( 9/4 4 , *( N0( :( 0)* *( :9( 1 45 %VI (94 2$$2 ,* 9/4 +/)+ > 4B4 PRESUNCIÓN DE INOCENCIA. EL PRINCIPIO RELATIVO SE CONTIENE DE MANERA IMPLÍCITA EN LA CONSTITUCIÓN FEDERAL. D *( 4+:+4(= (+5=( > 454( , *
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
14
,/4( /(, * 5:/4( *( 5= , / ,*4 4(4 / * (/(, 4 *( (+9( , :+)(+ / ( :/4 / * 45( :+04 :+ *( C44/= P*@4( , * E4(, U, MB( * + ( :++ 4(* 4(, (* ,:+ B:+(54 / (* M4+ P)* ( / /5) :+)(+ * *54 44/40 ,* ,*4 > , *( /*:()*,(, ,* 5:/4(,. 33 ORIGEN DE LA PRESUNCIÓN DE INOCENCIA
D *( 55( 5(+( 5 /, 4+ ,+? /);40 / (4/(*54 /4+( * :(4+5 , *( :+( * :+: , :+/= , ( ?+( ;/+@,( ,* :/)* +5(. D (/+, * H*)+ ;/+/*4 U*:( (* +++ :+(54 (* 45( / /:( (+5= KN(, ,) + ,(, :+ :?( :+/ 5;+ / ,; 5:/ * ,*4 , / /*:()* / ,(+ ( / 4. 3 P4++54 CH(+ !( M(+/H , !(+( / /+F :+ ?/5(F(+ * ,+? :(* +45( (* ;/+/*4 +5( / T+(4(, , * D*4 > , *( P( :+ /(4 ?( (* :+: / /:( * :+4 (:(+4(,. M 4(+, 4, 5 (:(+(4 *( ,( *)+(* +(( / 4+5(+ *( 4+(@( , *( :/*( 4+F(,( * :,+ / :+(54 *( D*(+(= , * D+? ,* '5)+ > ,* C/,(,( , 178" /(, * ,( 0,( 5(4+(* ( ,?( 9(+(4@( :+(*. E 554 (* ++ * ,+? ?/5( 5 ?+4 ( *( (4/+(*F( 55( ,* ?5)+ , (54 +, :+ * E4(, (@ 4+9(, :+ H4 /(, *( :+/= , ( 5F( ( :+*(+ 5 *( 9(+(4@( :+(* :+ B*( / E4(, , D+? ,5+4. C * /+954 ,* 45( 4+((* , ,+? ?/5( *( :+/= , ( 0+ +9,( ,0+ 4+/54 5/*4*(4+(* * 33
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
+5 ( *( *>. MHB +5( :(+4 , 4 :(4 ?(), , :/)*(, * D(+ O(* , *( , 1"81. E (+ :/4/(*F(+ / 4+(4, ,* 44 (5+( *( C0= A5+(( )+ D+? '/5( P(4 , S( JH , C4( R( * :+:(* 4+/54 5/*4*(4+(* / +9(*F( * ,+? ?/5( 9+(* > * :+: , :+/= , ( :(+4/*(+. E / (+4@/* 8 ,5(, KG(+(4@( J/,(* :+( / KT,( :+( /*:(,( , ,*4 4 ,+? ( / :+/5( / ( 54+( 4()*F( *9(*54 / /*:()*,(,. ANTECEDENTES INTERNOS DE LA PRESUNCIÓN DE INOCENCIA E 554 , +0(+ * (4,4 4+ , *( :+/= , ( /4+ :(@ * /(* 0+,(,+(54 (. E* D+4 C44/(* :(+( *( L)+4(, , *( A5H+( MB(( , 181 ((,( A:(4F9 * 22 , 4/)+ ,* 55 ( 4()*@( / (+4@/* 3$ KT, /,(,( +:/4( 4 54+( ,*(+ /*:(,. L(54()*54 4 :+: / , 5(+( *(+( > :+( +@( * ,+? , :+/= , ( (* /*:(, >( / +9, :4++54 4B4 +5(40 (*9/ (/ */ ?(4( (4 , *( ++5( , 2$$8 4+()( (/4 ,* 4B4 44/(* , 1"17. N =) * (4++ :(+( / * P,+ J/,(* , *( ( 44(, ++ *( :+/= , ( ,* 4B4 44/(* ?(4( (4 , *( 5/*44(,( ++5( (+9/54(, / ,? :+: 4+()( 5:*@4 * 4, , * (+4@/* 1 16 1" 21 > 1$2 A:(+4(, A. E4 +4+ /4+( +9, ( :(+4+ , *( Q/4( :( ,* S5((+ J/,(* , *( ,uinta =poca) Regi"tro> ??@B) In"tancia> !egunda !ala) 5ipo de 5e"i"> Ai"lada) #uente> !emanario *udicial de la #ederación) 5omo HBH) In"tancia> 5ribunale" Colegiado" de Circuito) 5ipo de 5e"i"> Ai"lada) #uente> !emanario *udicial de la #ederación & "u 7aceta) 5omo +@( , /(4+ 04. D,4 S+9 A. V(** '+,F. P4 JH R(5= C@ D@(F. S+4(+ M9/* E+/ S?F +@( , /(4+ 04. D,4 JH , J G/, P*(>. P4 J/( N. S*0( MF(. S+4(+ J(5 +@( , /(4+ 04. D,4 JH , J G/, P*(>. P4 A+4/+ &(*,@0(+ L* , L(++(. S+4(+ J(0+ M;(9 > GF*F. T , ;/+:+/,( 132$11 "(.. A:+)(,( :+ *( P+5+( S(*( , 4 A*4 T+)/(* = :+0(,( , /(4+ , 05)+ , , 5* .
22
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:+,54 :(+( 9(+(4F(+ (* (/(, *( :+4/,(, , ,( :+0( (* (4 :+0(40 +4 54+( / * 9/, 4+(,/ /( +9*( 5(4+( :+)(4+( +5 ( *( /(* *( :+/)( 5:*4( , *( +:()*,(, :(* ,* /*:(, ,) + /54+(,( :+ * =+9( , (/(= 5:H, *( ()*/= H4( /,( /454 ,54+(,( * / 5:*( (,5 / ,) +:4(+ * *(54 9+(* / +9 :(+( *( :+/)( * :+ :(* > / ++4( ;/4:+(= :/ * *54 , 0= / ,+ :(+( /,(+ /( 4( , ,( ,) 4+ :+(54 * (+4+ , :+/)( > ?()+ , )4, , 5(+( *@4(. A@ *( :+/= , ( 44/> * ,+? ,* (/(, ( /++ /( ,( ( 5 / / +:()*,(, :(* ?(>( /,(, ,54+(,( :*(54 ( 4+(0H , /( (40,(, :+)(4+( , (+9 )4,( ,
23
5(+( *@4( +5 ( *( ++:,4 +9*( :+(* > / ( (:(F , +0(+ (* :+: :+:. 1 =poca> %-cima =poca) Regi"tro> H@) In"tancia> Primera !ala) 5ipo de 5e"i"> *uri"prudencia) #uente> !emanario *udicial de la #ederación & "u 7aceta) Libro III) %iciembre de GHH) 5omo ?) 2ateria"F> Con"titucional) Penal) 5e"i"> Ha1*1 HKGHH Ja1F) P:gina> G PRUE$AS EN EL PROCEDIMIENTO PENAL. SUPUESTOS EN QUE DE$E NULIFICARSE SU EFICACIA. L( (( ,
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
A5:(+ ,+4 "2$$8. 12 , (94 , 2$$". M(>+@( , /(4+ 04. D,4 S+9 A. V(** '+,F. P4 JH R(5= C@ D@(F. S+4(+ M9/* E+/ S?F +@( , /(4+ 04. D,4 S+9 A. V(** '+,F. P4 JH , J G/, P*(>. S+4(+( C(+5( C+4H R,+@9/F. A5:(+ ,+4 82$$8. 12 , (94 , 2$$". M(>+@( , /(4+ 04. D,4 S+9 A. V(** '+,F. P4 O*9( S?F C+,+ , G(+@( V**9(. S+4(+( R(*@( A+9/5( L=:F. A5:(+ ,+4 332$$8. , 05)+ , 2$$". M(>+@( , /(4+ 04. D,4 S+9 A. V(** '+,F. P4 JH R(5= C@ D@(F. S+4(+ M9/* E+/ S?F (o/ena =poca) Regi"tro> HB@B) In"tancia> Primera !ala) 5ipo de 5e"i"> Ai"lada) #uente> !emanario *udicial de la #ederación & "u 7aceta) 5omo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ÓN PREVENTIVA VS. PRESUNCIÓN DE INOCENCIA
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
P(*5(+ , M9/* J/(. %iccionario para *uri"ta" MHB E, M(> 1"81 :.1$77.
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A*+, E9/(F/ > G/4(0 E9/(F/ KE* :+: , ( > *( +4F( *( ;/4( :(* X *@( ?44:.+4.5A4?4+>66"3:(*$$.?45* 50
R. :/4. '(> / **0(+ * /+F ( 4+ +, , ( B:*(+ *( :+= (+( , *( 0( ,* :+ > ,40( , *( 9/+,(, :)*( > *( (4(= ;/+@,( , *( 0@45( > +,/+ ( :+0(= , *)+4(, ( *( 5@5( B:+= :)*. #2 E * ,* 0* 45( (/(4+ (,0+(+(* :+ (45(( *( *)+4(, :+(* ,) + *( +9*( > *( :+= :+040( *( B:= *(54()*54 4 (@ * (4++ 4,( 0F / * =+9( (/(,+ ()/( , 5(+( 454( , 4( +9+0( > (/4+4(+( 44/=. EB4 /( 5/*4:*,(, , 5,,( (/4*(+ ,0+( ( *( :+= :+040( ( *( /(* :/, +/+++ *( (*@( 0.9. la de"penali'ación de cierta" conducta") el arraigo domiciliario) medida" económica") la prohibición de "alir "in autori'ación del paí") de la localidad en la cual re"ide o del :mbito territorial .ue "e determine) la obligación de "ometer"e al cuidado o /igilancia de una per"ona o in"titución determinada) la obligación de pre"entar"e periódicamente ante la autoridad .ue de"igne) la colocación de locali'adore" electrónico") entre mucha" otra"1 CONCLUSIÓN
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op1 cit1 :. 68.
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