Ensayo 3R Camilo Cruzado

 

FBPEQK= _FNV@@AÐB, _FV^AIA]E@AÐB, _F@A@IEMF NF FB\EPFP

AB^_KNV@@AÐB ie rfutaiaze`aðb y iks ofbfla`aks quf tref fstf, tedoaáb ie lkrde nf fvater ie `kbtedabe`aðb e trevás nf fstk. Pf sfõeie quf fi rf`a`iemf y ie rfutaiaze`aðb bk skik sf `kbtedabe nf lkrde beturei sabk tedoaáb pkr nalfrfbtfs susteb`aes abtrknu`anes pkr e`tavanenfs cudebes fb `edpks `kdk ie abnustrae y ie ehra`uiture. Bk kostebtf, fi deykr rafshk pere ie seiun nf ie pkoie`aðb ik rfprfsfbteb iks nalfrfbtfs petðhfbks `eusebtfs nf fblfrdfnenfs dfnaebtf navfrses veraebtfs nf ckbhks, oe`tfraes y varus. esä `kdk tedoaáb fi tretedafbtk nf ies ehue rfsanueifs pere `kbsfrver ie `eianen nfi ehue y ik fståbnerfs nf `eianen quf sf nfof `udpiar pere sus navfrsks usks. vanrak fs ube detfraei nurk, lråhai, trebsperfbtf y edkrlk. Wufnf fb`kbtrersf tebtk fb ie betureifze `kdk sf prknu`ank pkr fi ckdorf. Fs ub detfraei abkrhåba`k kotfbank e ubks 5.677 ½@ nf erfbe nf säia`f, `erokbetk nf sknak y `eiaze. eõk e eõk sf nfserrkiieb ies e`tavanenfs fxtre`taves y nf trebslkrde`aðb dfs bk sf lkdfbte ie fi rf`a`iemf nf iks dasdks pere rfnu`ar esä ies `kbtedabe`akbfs quf pfrmuna`eb fi dfnak edoafbtf, pfsf e fiik iks pk`ks fstunaks nf nfserrkiik nf dfmkres fb fi sf`tkr sf vfb fb ie nala`uiten nf `kbtrerrfster ub sabläb nf treoes fbfi `edabk. Fi vanrak tafbf trfs `ere`tfrästa`es quf ce`fb nf ái ub detfraei fx`fifbtf pere sfr rf`a`ienk. Vbk fs quf pufnf sfr rf`a`ienk fi 577% nfi  prknu`tk, pufnf sfr rf`a`ienk ablabanen nf vf`fs v f`fs y enfdås debtafbf tknes sus prkpafnenfs. prk pafnenfs. Pab fdoerhk, nfserrkiierfdks ub oksqufmk iks dátknks quf sf vafbfb nebnk `kb fi lab nfepkrter fb ie terf terfee nf rf`a`ier iks detf detfraeifs raeifs nf fbvesfs nf vanrak y su epkrtf `kb fi dfnak edoafbtf.

 

_F@A@IEMF. Fi rf`a`iemf fs ub prk`fsk pkr fi `uei rf`upfredks tktei k per`aeidfbtf detfrae prade rfutaiazeoif nf ub prknu`tk ye fieokrenk. Ie bf`fsanen nf rf`a`ier surhf nf ie debk nfi `kbsudasdk nfsfblrfbenk nfi ýitadk sahik. Iks prklubnks `edoaks sk`aeifs quf ce prknu`ank ie _fvkiu`aðb Abnustraei ceb elf`tenk narf`tedfbtf ei fstaik nf vane, skorf tknk ei k``anfbtei y e ie lkrde fb quf `kbsudadks. @kb ie ab`krpkre`aðb nf ie dumfr ei dfr`enk ieokrei y iks suosahuafbtfs `edoaks fb ie ledaiae trena`akbei, ceb surhank tkne ube verafnen nf prknu`tks fieokrenks y nasfõenks pere fi `kbsudk abnavanuei. Wequftfs, piåsta`k, `ertkbfs, fbvesfs nfsf`ceoifs… `kdfr, vfstarsf k esfersf skb prk`fsks quf hfbfreb `ene vfz dås jaiks nf oesure. Nf e`ufrnk e netks nfi Furkstet, Fspeõe fs ubk nf iks  peäsfs quf dås oesure hfbfre, `kb ube dfnae nf 686 jaiks pkr ceoatebtf, lrfbtf lr fbtf e ie dfnae nf ie VF nf 6?> jaiks. Pðik fs supfrenk pkr Nabeder`e, Ariebne, @caprf y Iuxfdourhk, tknks fiiks `kb dås nf 877 jh pkr pfrskbe. Iks peäsfs quf dås ternf sf ceb ab`krpkrenk e ie VF y quf fb du`cks `esks bk ceb ei`ebzenk iks bavfifs nf abnustraeiaze`aðb dfnaks nf ie VF, `kdk _fpýoia`e @cf`e, Iftkbae, Wkikbae, _udebäe y Fsikvequae skb iks quf dfbks oesure hfbfreb, `kb dfbks nf >77 jh pkr  pfrskbe ei eõk. Pab fdoerhk, e bk sfr s fr quf sf iifvfb `edpeões abtfbsaves nf fnu`e`aðb fb fi rf`a`iemf, ube enf`uene hfstaðb nf rfsanuks y `edoaks `uitureifs quf nfsab`fbtavfb fi usk nf  prknu`tks nfsf`ceoifs, fsks peäsfs ei`ebzeråb råpanedfbtf e sus vf vf`abks `abks fb bavfifs nf abnustraeiaze`aðb y nf oesure. Fi `kbstebtf nfserrkiik nf ies e`tavanenfs cudebes `kb fi elåb nf `rf`fr tebtk f`kbðda`e `kdk tf`bkiðha`edfbtf ce cf`ck quf fi tfde nfi rf`a`ienk sfe ub le`tkr nftfrdabebtf fbtrf iks

 

fslufrzks nf fsteoaiazer ies e`tavanenfs nf `uanenk dfnakedoafbtei, ye quf sf fstå fxpfradfbtebnk ub nfs`uank pkr pertf nf iks rfspkbseoifs, y ie leite nf ube `uiture nf rf`a`iemf  pkr pertf nf ie pkoie`aðb, ’Were ’Were ikhrer  ikhrer ei`ebzer ub prk`fsk nf rf`a`iemf nf vanrak ik dås ðptadk  pksaoif, fs adpkrtebtf seofr, quá y `ðdk nfof nfpksatersf n fpksatersf fstf detfraei fb iks `kbtfbfnkrfs vfrnfs— 5  vfrnfs—  E`tueidfbtf fxastfb du`ces hfstakbfs nf rf`a`iemf quf sf nfserrkiieb nf ie debk nf ie tf`bkikhäe ye quf sf pufnf nf`ar quf ube nf ies cfrredafbtes quf pknfdks pere dfbhuer fi adpe`tk nf ie `kbtedabe`aðb fs mustedfbtf fi rf`a`iemf, fb fstk sf pufnf vfr quf fi fslufrzk eub bk fs sula`afbtf, sf na`f quf ies dfmkres nf ebtf fi dfnak skb däbadedfbtf sahbala`etaves. Pa `kbsanfredks ies `alres nf ofbfla`aks quf sf pknräeb hfbfrer ei dkdfbtk nfi rf`a`iemf nfi vanrak bks nedks `ufbte quf fxastf ube nasdabu`aðb fb fi prk`fsk dasdk y esä pkr `kbsahuafbtf dfmkredks e quf `ene ubk epkrtf ei `uanenk nfi dfnak edoafbtf.

_FV^AIA]E@AKB. Fs rflfraoif nerif ie dåxade utaianen e iks komftks sa bf`fsanen nf tareries k nfstruaries: sahbala`e eierher ie vane nf `ene prknu`tk nfsnf `uebnk sf `kdpre ceste `uebnk sf tare. Ie deykräe nf iks oafbfs pufnfb tfbfr dås nf ube vane ýtai, sfe rfperåbnkiks k utaiazebnk ie adehabe`aðb pere nerifs ktrk usk. Wkr fmfdpik, ube oktfiie nf rflrfs`k sf pufnf rfiifber (fi dasdk usk) k sf pufnf `kbvfrtar fb pkrte vfies, `fba`frk, de`fte k likrfrk (ktrk usk). _futaiazer tedoaáb ab`iuyf ie `kdpre nf prknu`tks nf sfhubne debk, ye quf fstk eierhe ie vane ýtai nfi  prknu`tk y e ie vfz adpia`e ube rfnu``aðb nf `kbsudk `kbs udk nf prknu`tks bufvks, pkrquf pkrq uf fb vfz nf `kdprer eihk bufvk ik `kdpres nf sfhubne debk. •  _FV^AIA]E_ fvate quf oafbfs y detfraeifs detfraeifs fbtrfb e ie `enfbe nf nfspfrna`ak. •  _FV^AIA]E_ rfnu`f ie prfsaðb skorf rf`ursks veiaksks `kdk= @kdoustaoifs, oksqufs, ehue. •  _FV^AIA]E_ eyune e prfsfrver f`ksastfdes saivfstrfs. •  _FV^AIA]E_ hfbfre dfbks `kbtedabe`aðb nf earf y ehue quf fi leora`er `kses bufves k

 

rf`a`ieries. •  _FV^AIA]E_ ce`f quf eckrrfs nabfrk. •  _FV^AIA]E_ fvate `kstks nf enquasa`aðb nf oafbfs bufvks (^rebspkrtf, nastraou`aðb,  puoia`anen, ft`.) •  _FV^AIA]E_ hfbfre ub sudabastrk e``fsa e``fsaoif oif nf oafbfs quf e dfbunk skb nf fx`fifbtf `eianen. •  _FV^AIA]E_ rfnu`f fi vkiudfb nf oesure. •  _FV^AIA]E_ ab`rfdfbte ie `rfetavanen. _futaiazer fs ie e``aðb nf vkivfr e utaiazer iks oafbfs k prknu`tks, y nerifs ktrk usk. Esä, fi e`fatf pufnf rfutaiazersf `kbvfrtank fb oaknaásfi, pere sfr utaiazenk pkr `ueiquafr vfcä`uik `kb dktkr naásfi. @uebtks dås komftks vkivedks e utaiazer dfbks oesure  prknu`arfdks y dfbks rf`ursks rf`urs ks tfbnrfdks quf hester. -_f`a`ier. -_f`a`ier . Pf trete nf vkivfr e utaiazer detfraeifs `kdk fi pepfi k fi vanrak pere leora`er nf bufvk prknu`tks perf`anks lkiaks, oktfiies, ft`. Ie rfhie nf ies trfs frrfs, k dfmkr `kbk`ane `kdk ies trfs frrfs nf ie f`kikhäe, abtfrbe`akbeidfbtf sf rf`kbk`f ie tfrdabkikhäe nf ies ^rfs Frfs k "0 ‐  "0  ‐ _" _" rflaraábnksf e ies trfs iftres nf ies trfs peieores quf skb= _FNV@A_, _FV^AIA]E_, _F@A@IE_. @ene ube nf fiies tafbf su nfoank sahbala`enk. Nurebtf ie @udorf nfi H3 fb mubak nf ?77>, fi Wradfr Dabastrk nfi Mepðb, Jkazuda Muba`cark,  prfsfbtð ie Aba`aetave trfs frrfs quf ous`e `kbstruar ube sk`afnen krafbtene ce`ae fi rf`a`iemf. Fb eorai nf ?776 sf iifvð e `eok ube esedoife nf dabastrks fb ie quf sf nas`utað `kb Fstenks Vbanks, Eifdebae, Lreb`ae y ktrks ?7 peäsfs ie debfre fb quf sf pufnf adpifdfbter nf debfre abtfrbe`akbei e``akbfs rfie`akbenes e ies trfs frrfs.

FI _F@A@IEMF. Fs ie frrf dås `kdýb y dfbks fla`ez. Pf rflafrf e rfs`eter ik pksaoif nf ub detfraei quf ye bk sarvf pere bene (`kdýbdfbtf iiedenk oesure) y `kbvfrtarik fb ub prknu`tk bufvk. Wkr fmfdpik,

 

ube `eme vafme nf `ertðb sf pufnf traturer y e trevás nf ub prk`fsk abnustraei k `esfrk `kbvafrtf e  pepfi bufvk. Ik oufbk nfi rf`a`iemf fs quf e`tueidfbtf e`tueidfb tf `esa tknk tapk nf oesure sf pufnf rf`a`ier y du`cks duba`apaks ye ik tafbfb abtfhrenk e su sastfde nf rf`kif``aðb nf oesure. Pkdftfr detfraeifs usenks k nfspfrna`aks e ub prk`fsk nf trebslkrde`aðb k eprkvf`cedafbtk  pere quf pufneb sfr bufvedfbtf bufvedfb tf utaiazeoifs= fi vanrak usenk sf nfpksate fb ubks `kbtfbfnkrfs fspf`aeifs pere quf pufne sfr rf`a`ienk: sa rf`a`iedks fi pepfi, bk ceorå quf teier tebtks årokifs. _f`a`ier rfnu`f fi `kbsudk y nfspfrna`ak •  @kbsudadks du`ck y nfspfrna`aedks du`ck, y fi `kbsudk tebtk `kdk fi nfspfrna`ak sf ve eudfbtebnk `kb fi `rf`adafbtk y dknfrbaze`aðb nf ie pkoie`aðb dubnaei. •  Fi 11% nf iks prknu`tks quf `kdpredks e`eoeb fb fi oktf nf oesure fb dfbks nf dfnak eõk. •  Nf tknks iks rf`ursks `kbsudanks pkr ies 8 dai daiikbfs nf pfrskbes fb fi piebfte, ies 05? daiikbfs nf pfrskbes fb iks Fstenks Vbanks `kbsudfb fi ?6%. •  Fb prkdfnak, `ene pfrskbe fb iks Fstenks Vbanks hfbfre dås nf nks jaiks nf oesure `ene näe. Eubquf fi 86% fs rf`a`ieoif, sf rf`a`ie dfbks nfi 06%. •  Pa tkne ie de denfre nfre utaiazene fb ie `kbstru``aðb ebuei nf `eses bufves fb iks Fstenks Vbanks sf pusafre fb iäbfe, tfbnräe ube fxtfbsaðb nf `esa 6 daiikbfs nf jaiðdftrks, ik sula`afbtf  pere ce`fr sfas vaemfs y dfnak nf ie ^afrre e ie iube. iu be.

K^_EP 0 _. Ktres 0 _ quf pknräedks ehrfher sfraeb= _fveikrazer, rffstru`turer, y rfnastraouar "_F\EIK_A]E_" _fveikrazer bufstres bf`fsanenfs oåsa`es, pere pknfr nalfrfb`aeries nf iks iumks y esä abnfpfbnazerbks nf ie debapuie`aðb puoia`aterae. Fmfr`ater bufstre rflifxaðb áta`e lrfbtf e ub  prknu`tk k sfrva`ak y tkder nf`asakbfs `kb rfie`aðb r fie`aðb ce`ae fi dfnak edoafbtf, bufstre `uiture y fi  ofbfla`ak `kif`tavk. Nfofdks fifhar prknu`tks k sfrva`aks sfr va`aks nf dfbkr adpe`tk edoafbtei.

 

Wkr fmfdpik= •  @edaber k vaemer fb oa`a`iftes, safdprf quf sfe pksaoif. •  Vtaiazer fi trebspkrtf pýoia`k. •  Epkyer ies `edpeões nf prkdk`aðb pere ie utaiaze`aðb utaiaze`aðb nf ies fbfrhäes rfbkveoifs, fb vfz nf ie hfbfrene pkr fi pftrðifk. •  Vser \abehrf k oa`erokbetk nf Pknak `kb ehue `eiafbtf, fb iuher nf susteb`aes quäda`es  pere nfsteper ies `eõfräes fb `ese. `es e. •  Lfrtaiazer fi mernäb prflfraoifdfbtf `kb `kb eokbks krhåba`ks y bk `kb quäda`ks. •  @kdprer prknu`tks quf bk hfbfrfb rfsanuks y nf sfr adpksaoif, quf fstks rfsanuks bk sfeb pfiahrksks. •  @uaner iks fspe`aks vfrnfs uroebks, ye quf nf fiiks nfpfbnf fb hreb pertf bufstre seiun. •  @kdprer rkpes nf tfies cf`ces `kb laores betureifs `kdk eihknðb, caik, yutf y iebe. •  Fvater iks oiebqufenkrfs `kb `ikrk. Fi `ikrk rfe``akbe `kb ktrks prknu`tks quäda`ks y `kbtedabe fi edoafbtf. _FFP^_V@^V_E_ _ffstru`turer fi sastfde f`kbðda`k pere quf, fb iuher nf prknu`ar oafbfs bk oåsa`ks pere  pk`ks, sf `kb`fbtrf fb ies bf`fsanenfs bf`fs anenfs oåsa`es nf tknks. Ab`iuar iks `kstks sk`aeifs y edoafbteifs fb iks prf`aks nf tknks iks Oafbfs y sfrva`aks. Wkr fmfdpik= @rfer k perta`aper nf @kkpfretaves quf kotfbheb y nastraouyeb oafbfs `kb oemk `kstk edoafbtei e trevás nf rfnfs pkpuierfs quf fvateb abtfrdfnaeraks y pfrdateb ub rfpertk abtfhrei. _FNAP^_AOVA_ Oemk fi `kb`fptk nf eprkvf`cer fi fspe`ak edoafbtei. ^knks tfbfdks fi nfrf`ck e  prkpkr`akbfs fquatetaves nf iks rf`ursks nfbtrk n fbtrk nf ie `epe`anen Pustfbteoif nf ie tafrre.

 

FI _F@A@IEMF NF WIEP^A@K. Pa ceoiedks _f`a`iemf nf piåsta`k Iks piåsta`ks mufheb ub pepfi adpkrtebtf fb `esa tknks iks espf`tks nf bufstres vanes. Iks  piåsta`ks sf utaiazeb pere ie leora`e`aðb nf prknu`tks nf usk `ktanaebk, teifs `kdk fbvesfs nf  ofoanes, muhuftfs y dufoifs. Fi usk hfbfreiazenk nf piåsta`ks fxahf ube oufbe hfstaðb nf vane nfi prknu`tk ceste su lab. Wiåsta`ks rfprfsfbteb dås nfi 5? % nf ie `ebtanen nf rfsanuks sðianks uroebks, ub eudfbtk fspf`te`uier nfsnf 51

nf detfraeifs emfbks ei vanrak nf ies oktfiies—  oktfiies—  . Fi nasfõk nf ie dequaberae nf nfof `udpiar `kb iks rfquasatks däbadks quf rfquafrf fi dfr`enk pere fiik fs adpkrtebtf seofr quf nfbtrk nf iks detfraeifs nf vanrak tedoaáb vafbfb

 

ktrks rfsanuks `kdk piåsta`ks, ietes, tafrre, ft`. Wkr ik tebtk fstf nasfõk nfof tfbfr ies `kbsanfre`akbfs nfi `esk, fb nalfrfbtfs satue`akbfs fstk le`aiateräe iks prk`fsks vfbanfrks quf nfof ce`fr pere vkivfr e kotfbfr ube oktfiie k fbvesf bufvk.

 

FNV@E_ FB FI _F@A@IEMF Ie `uiture nfi rf`a`iemf bk fs ahuei fb tknks iks peäsfs, nfpfbnf nf du`cks le`tkrfs= bavfifs dfnaks nf fnu`e`aðb, bavfifs nf abnustraeiaze`aðb, `kdprkdask `aunenebk, pkiäta`es dfnakedoafbteifs, ft`. Fspeõe fs ub `esk perenahdåta`k ye quf `kb ie ^rebsa`aðb y fi nfserrkiik abnustraei ce pesenk fb ub tafdpk rá`krn, dfbks nf 07 eõks, nf ube sk`afnen deykrateraedfbtf ehrä`kie e ie e`tuei, dås fblk`ene ce`ae fi sf`tkr sfrva`aks. Nf ie `kbtabue rfutaiaze`aðb ei `kbsudk desavk. @kb fi `kbsudk surhf fi prkoifde nf ie hfbfre`aðb y eide`fbemf nf ies oesures, nkbnf ub `kbsudk dås rfspkbseoif y fi rf`a`iemf e`tavk skb ies ýba`es skiu`akbfs vaeoifs. Ie `enfbe nf _f`a`iemf fdpafze fb `ese y fb ie fs`ufie, fnu`ebnk. Fs adprfs`abnaoif `kbk`fr iks pfiahrks dfnakedoafbteifs y sk`aeifs quf supkbf tkne ie oesure quf hfbfredks y seofr iks dfnaks pere etemeriks y nerifs skiu`aðb. Fi sahuafbtf pesk fs eprfbnfr e anfbtala`er iks nalfrfbtfs detfraeifs quf iifbeb bufstrk `kbtfbfnkr pere sfpereriks `ene ubk fb su `kbtfbfnkr nf rf`a`ienk.

_f`a`ienk= Eprfbnafbnk e Pfperer. Ie `kdpifmanen nf ie `iesala`e`aðb nf rfsanuks tedoaáb fs nalfrfbtf nf ubks peäsfs e ktrks. Fvkiu`akbe tedoaáb fb fi tafdpk, safbnk iks peäsfs `kb dås trena`aðb y eõks nf rf`a`iemf iks quf ab`krpkreb sastfdes dås prf`asks nf rf`a`ienk. Fspeõe fdpfzð ab`krpkrebnk fi rf`a`iemf nf `rastei, ubk nf iks pradfrks, e iks quf iufhk sf suderäeb ies paies y fi `ertðb, pere sfr iufhk `kdpiftenks `kb fi rf`a`iemf nf fbvesfs y iks  pubtks iadpaks, nkbnf sf rf`khfb e`fatf, tfiálkbks dðvaifs, fquapks ablkrdåta`ks, fif`trknkdásta`ks, dufoifs k rkpe. Ie flf`tave sfpere`aðb nf `ene ube nf ies detfraes bks pfrdatf rfutaiazer du`ces nf fiies k nfstruaries nf lkrde dås fla`afbtf.

 

_f`a`iebnk rfnu`adks bufstrks bavfifs nf oesures y `kbsfhuadks nf lkrde narf`te detfraes  prades quf ceoräe quf fxtrefr nf ie betureifze, betur eifze, `kb fi `kstf f`kbðda`k y dfnakedoafbtei quf fsk supkbf.

_futaiazer fi Detfraei _f`a`ienk. E`tueidfbtf cey du`ces fdprfses quf sf nfna`eb e ie rfutaiaze`aðb nf rfsanuks, `kdk fs fi `esk nf iks bfudåta`ks. Ies pastes nf etiftasdk, laitrks nf sufik pere iks årokifs uroebks y fi lardf nf iks perqufs ablebtaifs sf fieokre `kb iks detfraeifs fxtreänks nf iks bfudåta`ks vafmks. Fb iuher nf `kbtedaber fb ie fxtre``aðb nfi pftrðifk y fb su trebslkrde`aðb fb ie hkde fspf`äla`e nf iks bfudåta`ks, fi rf`a`ienk pfrdatf utaiazer ik quf `kbsanfråoedks oesure y trebslkrderik fb bufvk detfraei ýtai. Ie sfbsaoaiaze`aðb nfi `kbsudankr pere ab`iuar ie rftkrbeoaianen nf oktfiies nf vanrak nfbtrk nf su fstaik nf vane, ie abbkve`aðb fb iks fbvesfs pere quf `kbtfbheb deykr `kbtfbank nf vanrak rf`a`ienk, fi ab`rfdfbtk nfi pkrtelkiak `kb prfsfbte`akbfs rftkrbeoif y ie edpiae`aðb nf eiaebzes `kb ies esk`ae`akbfs nf rf`a`ienkrfs e bavfi be`akbei, skb teb skik eihubes nf ies aba`aetaves quf navfrses fdprfses ceb pufstk fb der`ce pere hfbfrer ub `edoak fb ie `enfbe nf rftkrbeoaianen.

ADWE@^KP EDOAFB^EIFP Ie fveiue`aðb nf iks adpe`tks edoafbteifs sf `kb`fbtre fb ies `ebtanenfs nf detfraes prades sf`ubneraes rf`upfrenes, ies fdasakbfs nf hesfs nf flf`tk abvfrbenfrk fxprfsenk `kdk @K? y ie nfdebne nf fbfrhäe. Ena`akbeidfbtf, sf tkde fb `ufbte ie rfnu``aðb fspfrene nf iks adpe`tks e ies nalfrfbtfs `kdpkbfbtfs edoafbteifs, `kdk skb iks sufiks, ehues, earf, vfhfte`aðb, ft`.

EPWF@^KP EDOAFB^EIFP HFBF_EIFP= Iks _fsanuks nf fbvesfs nf vanrak sf `iesala`eb `kdk ub rfsanuk bk pfiahrksk, y fb hfbfrei prfsfbteb ub oemk adpe`tk, sa sf ifs debfme fb lkrde enf`uene. E bavfi be`akbei, ie veikraze`aðb sf krafbte e ub bufvk usk nfi vanrak rf`upfrenk fb ie abnustrae nf fbvesfs nfi dasdk detfraei. ’^fðra`edfbtf ’^fðra`edfbt f ube tkbfiene nf vanrak rf`upfrenk rffdpieze e 5,? tkbfienes nf detfraei varhfb. Pab fdoerhk, ie tese nf rf`a`iemf rfei okrnfe fb  prkdfnak fi 11%—8, nfoank e ie prfsfb`ae nf `kbtedabe`aðb fb fi detfraei rf`upfrenk, teifs

 

`kdk prfsfb`ae nf ftaquftes, k rfstks nf ktrks detfraeifs dfz`ienks, fbtrf ktrks.

 

»@ðdk fvater ie fvater ie `kbtedabe`aðb;. `kbtedabe`aðb;. Du`ces nf ies e``akbfs quf rfeiazedks e naerak tfbnråb `kbsf`ufb`aes fb fi piebfte. Wkr fmfdpik, fi `kbsudk nf fbfrhäe y ehue, y ie `kdpre nf prknu`tks `kbtedabebtfs elf`teb eckre y fb ub luturk ei dfnakedoafbtf y e iks sfrfs vavks quf ceoateb ie tafrre. Eihubes e``akbfs quf pknfdks ce`fr pere fvater ie `kbtedabe`aðb skb= •  Vtaiaze`aðb nf `eteiazenkrfs fb iks `k`cfs pere nasdabuar iks iks hesfs `kbtedabebtfs quf nfspanfb. •  Fdpifk nfi trebspkrtf pýoia`k y dfnaks f`kiðha`ks pere `kbtedaber dfbks. •  _f`upfre`aðb nf ehues= sf pufnfb rf`upfrer nf lkrde quäda`e e trevás nf tretedafbtks  oakiðha`ks, `kb krhebasdks quf nfs`kdpkbfb ie detfrae krhåba`e fb batretk y fb naðxank nf `erokbk. •  Fiadabe`aðb nf e`uduie`aðb nf butrafbtfs fb iehks pfqufõks= fstks butrafbtfs prkvafbfb nf rfstks nf piebtes dufrtes quf pknräeb prkvk`er futrklaze`aðb nfi ehue. •  Bk eouser nf lfrtaiazebtfs y pfsta`anes fb `uitavks y `ksf`ces= pere pknfr fiadaber fi batretk nfi sufik sf utaiazeb dátknks oakiðha`ks `kdk fi `uitavk nf oe`tfraes nfsbatrala`ebtfs. •  _f`a`ier fs ube e`tavanen fb ie quf tknks pknfdks `kieokrer= sfperer iks detfraeifs nf lkrde `krrf`te y prk`urer quf su rf`khane sfif`tave sf rfeia`f fb fi pubtk nf krahfb pere bk `kbtedaber ei trebspkrtersf. •  Fvater ce`fr ruanks dkifstks= pkrquf ie `kbtedabe`aðb skbkre fs ube nf ies `euses  prab`apeifs nf dkifstaes e bavfi psa`kiðha`k `kdk fi fstrás. •  Ei `kdprer prknu`tks pere fi ckher, prk`urer quf sfeb ik dfbks `kbtedabebtfs pksaoif. •  _flkrfste`aðb= rf`upfrer årfes nkbnf sf ce prknu`ank ube teie abnas`radabene nf årokifs y  piebtes. •  Eckrrer ehue y ous`er dátknks pere rf`a`ierie= fi ehue quf utaiazedks utaiazedks fb iks ckherfs sf

 

 pufnf rfutaiazer. Fb hreb pertf, ie fiadabe`aðb nf rf`krtfs nf mernäb, teifs `kdk rf`krtfs nf cafroe y nf eroustks, årokifs y ktre vfhfte`aðb fb vfrtfnfrks hfbfreidfbtf bk skb bf`fseraks, ye quf iks `kdpufstks nf mernäb k petak tresfrk y iks prkhredes nf rf`upfre`aðb sf ceb vufitk duy  pkpuierfs. Fi `kdpkstemf nf rfstks nf pkne pkn e eckrre fspe`ak fb iks vfrtfnfrk vfrtfnfrkss y rfnu`f ie  prknu``aðb nf dftebk fb iks vfrtfnfrks. Fi hes dftebk pufnf `kbtraouar ei `edoak `iadåta`k hikoei. Du`cks hkoafrbks ik`eifs klrf`fb sataks nfstabenks pere nfmer y/k pere ie rf`kif``aðb fb ie e`fre nf rfstks nf pkne bk `kdpkstenks pkr iks prkpafteraks. Fstks sataks lub`akbeb dfmkr `kb equfiiks rfsanfbtfs e`kstudorenks e fbtrfher sus nfsf`cks nkdásta`ks fb iks vfrtfnfrks k fste`akbfs nf trebslfrfb`ae pere fiik y fvater esä fi `kstf nf ub prkhrede nf rf`kif``aðb fb ie e`fre. Ie rf`kif``aðb fb ie e`fre fs dås `ere quf ie rf`kif``aðb narf`te fb ub satak fspf`äla`k y ceoaiatenk pere tei flf`tk, pfrk pkr ik hfbfrei `kbsahuf ube deykr perta`ape`aðb y ies teses nf nfsvae`aðb. Iks `kstfs deykrfs kpfre`akbeifs nf iks prkhredes nf rf`kif``aðb fb ie e`fre pufnf sfr `kdpfbsenk pkr= •  Ie nasdabu`aðb nf iks `kstfs nf fiadabe`aðb (ckbkreraks nf iks treoemenkrfs): •  Fi eudfbtk nf iiee vane nf iks \frtfnfrks y •  Ike Abhrfsks pktfb`aeifs nfravenks nfi `kdpkstemf y/k ies vfbtes pere eokbk. Iks prkhredes nf rf`kif``aðb nf rfstks nf ie pkne pufnfb k`urrar pkr tfdpkrenes k pkr skia`atun nfpfbnafbnk nf nkbnf ustfn vave.

_FPANVKP EIADFB^A@AKP. Iks nfspfrna`aks nf eiadfbtks sf rflafrfb e `ueiquafr susteb`ae eiadfbta`ae, `rune k `k`ane, ik quf sf nfs`erte, k sf prkpkbhe e su nfs`ertf. Iks rfsanuks nf eiadfbtks skb iks rfsanuks krhåba`ks hfbfrenks pkr ie debapuie`aðb, eide`fbedafbtk, vfbte, prfpere`aðb, `k``aðb y sfrva`ak nf eiadfbtks.

 

  Ie hfbfre`aðb nf rfsanuks nf eiadfbtks tafbf adpkrtebtfs `kbsf`ufb`aes f`kbðda`es, esä `kdk pere fi dfnak edoafbtf. Pa ustfn fs ub abnavanuk, ledaiae k bfhk`ak, fs prkoeoif quf ube  pertf `kbsanfreoif nf su prfsupufstk prfsup ufstk sf nfstabf e ie `kdpre nf eiadfbtks - ye sfe pere ustfn, su ledaiae k sus `iafbtfs. Fsk sahbala`e quf fstedks nfspfrna`aebnk ube hreb `ebtanen nf bufstrk nabfrk. E dfbunk, iks `edoaks sadpifs fb ies prå`ta`es nf `kdpre nf eiadfbtks, eide`fbedafbtk y prfpere`aðb pufnfb prknu`ar ube rfnu``aðb sahbala`etave fb ie hfbfre`aðb nf rfsanuks nf eiadfbtks. Fstk bk sðik rfnu`f rfsanuks, sabk quf cerå quf fi nabfrk abvfrtank fb `kdanes `ubne dås. Fi eckrrk fb iks `kstfs nf eiadfbtks nfsf`ceoifs tafbf ub pktfb`aei eýb deykr fb iks fsteoif`adafbtks `kdfr`aeifs. Eckrrk nf eiadfbtks sahbala`e eckrrk nf nabfrk. Iks nfspfrna`aks nf eiadfbtks ab`iuyfb rfstks nf `kdane y rfstks nf `kdane prfperenes fb rfsanfb`aes u ckherfs, fb fsteoif`adafbtks `kdfr`aeifs, `kdk rfsteurebtfs, y fb supfrdfr`enks, `elftfräes y låora`es abnustraeifs.

_FPANVKP NF DENF_E. @esa sfas daiikbfs nf tkbfienes nf rfsanuks nf denfre (pkr fmfdpik, rfsanuks uroebks, rfstks nf denfre nf nfsdkbtfs suouroebes y rureifs, rfsanuks lkrfsteifs) sf hfbfrerkb fb fi eõk ?770 nf e`ufrnk `kb ie FWE. Nf cf`ck, ie denfre `kbstatuyf fi deykr pkr`fbtemf nf detfraeifs nf `kbstru``aðb rfsanfb`aei y nfdkia`aðb (@ & N) nfi liumk nf rfsanuks - eprkxadenedfbtf nfi >7 ei 67 pkr `afbtk nf iks bufvks detfraeifs nf `kbstru``aðb rfsanfb`aei - nf e`ufrnk `kb ie Esk`ae`aðb Be`akbei nf @kbstru`tkrfs nf @ese @fbtrk nf Abvfstahe`aðb. Ebtfs nf 5117, fi rf`a`iemf nf rfsanuks nf denfre fb iks Fstenks Vbanks fre iadatenk. Cky fb näe, ie FWE fstade quf cey dås nf 677 absteie`akbfs nf prk`fsedafbtk nf denfre fb tknk fi peäs. Iks dfr`enks nf denfre rf`upfrene veräe fb iks Fstenks Vbanks nf e`ufrnk `kb ie klfrte rfhakbei y ik`ei y tedoaáb pkr ie nfdebne. Fi dfr`enk e`tuei, sab fdoerhk, fstå nkdabenk pkr ies epia`e`akbfs pere eokbk y `kdoustaoif quf peheb fbtrf $5? y $?> pkr tkbfiene nf denfre

 

 prk`fsene. Iks rfsanuks nf denfre nfravenes nf ies e`tavanenfs nf `kbstr `kbstru``aðb u``aðb y nfdkia`aðb skb etre`tavks `kdk `kdoustaoif nfoank e su oemk `kbtfbank fb cudfnen. Ie denfre prk`fsene k `krtene tedoaáb sf utaiaze `kdk prknu`tk e hrebfi `kdk pufnf sfr pere fi `kdpkstemf y ie rkpe nf `ede ebadei. Fi eckrrk k ie rfutaiaze`aðb nf prknu`tks nf denfre skb iks fifdfbtks nf deykr veikr, pfrk bkrdeidfbtf rfquafrfb `kstfs dås eitks nf `iesala`e`aðb y prk`fsedafbtk. Enfdås, ie denfre rf`upfrene sf pufnf utaiazer pere leora`er prknu`tks nf veikr eõenank, teifs `kdk laore nf nfbsanen dfnae y nf pertä`uies: fstks leora`ebtfs fxahfb ie dås eite `eianen fb `uebtk e iks detfraeifs, sab fdoerhk, pufnfb sfr nalä`aifs nf `kbsfhuar nf lkrde `kbsastfbtf.

Ie abnustrae nf ie nfdkia`aðb fstå oafb fsteoif`ane y fstå eudfbtebnk sus fslufrzks pere rf`upfrer iks rfsanuks nf denfre. Enfdås, ie abnustrae nf ie nf`kbstru``aðb sahuf `rf`afbnk y seive ub pkr`fbtemf `ene vfz deykr nf detfraeifs nf fnala`aks ebtahuks. Iks fslufrzks nf nf`kbstru``aðb rf`upfreb y rfutaiazeb ie denfre pere pasks, pufrtes, vfbtebes y ktres epia`e`akbfs. E dås e dås, ub býdfrk nf esfrrenfrks abnfpfbnafbtfs ceb rffstru`turenk sus kpfre`akbfs pere prk`fser denfres rf`upfrenes, tedoaáb.

W_KNV@^KP NF WEWFI Q @E_^ÐB. Iks prknu`tks nf pepfi y `ertðb ab`iuyfb fifdfbtks quf Vsn. utaiaze e naerak `kdk pufnfb sfr pfraðna`ks-, fbvesfs nf eiadfbtks, tfmanks, `emes nf `ertðb, pepfi nf kla`abe, y pietks nf  pepfi. Iks prknu`tks nf pepfi y `ertðb `kbstatuyfb `kb statuyfb ie deykr pertf nf oesure oesur e sðiane, pfrk tedoaáb klrf`f ie deykr kpkrtubanen pere ie rfnu``aðb (pkr fmfdpik, nf fbvesfs iahfrks, `kpaes e nkoif `ere) y nfi rf`a`iemf. _fnu`ar, rfutaiazer, rf`a`ier y rf-`kdprer - ies `uetrk "_"s - fs `ievf pere fi nfsväk nf detfraeifs krhåba`ks nf iks vfrtfnfrks k ab`abfrenkres y ie prktf``aðb nf ie seiun cudebe y nf bufstre tafrre, nfi earf y nfi ehue. Ie rfnu``aðb y fi rf`a`iemf nf rfsanuks adpanf iks hesfs nf

 

flf`tk abvfrbenfrk (HFA), rfnu`f ie `kbtedabe`aðb, eckrre fbfrhäe, eckrre rf`ursks y rfnu`f ie bf`fsanen nf bufves absteie`akbfs nf eide`fbedafbtk nflabatavks.

EBEIAPAP NFI @A@IK NF \ANE= Were fveiuer fi adpe`tk nf ie rf`upfre`aðb nf rfsanuks nf F.F nf vanrak sf prfsfbte ub ebåiasas nfi usk nf detfraeifs, fbfrhäe y fdasakbfs nf @K? pkr tkbfiene nf fbvesf leora`enk fb sus nalfrfbtfs ftepes nf su `a`ik nf vane (nf e`ufrnk e netks naspkbaoifs), fmfdpiala`enk fb oktfiies, `kbsanfrebnk `a`iks sab detfraei rf`a`ienk y `kb ub ,1 ik quf adpia`e ub eckrrk pkr `ene tkbfiene quf fs rftkrbene ei `a`ik nf usk.

K^_KP ADWE@^KP EDOAFB^EIFP Pf prfsfbteb iks pktfb`aeifs adpe`tks edoafbteifs e ies `kdpkbfbtfs edoafbteifs ’`iåsa`es—,  ’`iåsa`es—,   quf e`tueidfbtf sf prknu`fb nfoank e ie abenf`uene hfstaðb nf iks rfsanuks nf fbvesfs nf vanrak. Ie adpifdfbte`aðb nf ie _FW nasdabuyf `kbsanfreoifdfbtf ie naspksa`aðb ab`kbtrkiene nf iks F. F nf vanrak y esä tedoaáb su adpe`tk vasuei k ei peasemf, y fi adpe`tk narf`tk pkr fdpiezedafbtk skorf fi sufik. Enfdås, iks rfsanuks nf F. F nf vanrak naspufstks fb lkrde ab`kbtrkiene, etrefb ie naspksa`aðb abnfoane nf ktrks rfsanuks, ik quf `kbiifve e ie lkrde`aðb nf da`rkoesureifs fb ies zkbes suouroebes, rureifs k sataks fraezks.

NFPE__KIIK NF ABP^A^V@AKBEIANEN Ies e``akbfs nf nfserrkiik nf abstatu`akbeianen fstuvafrkb fb`edabenes e lkrteif`fr fi rki bkrdetavk nfi Fstenk fb sus nalfrfbtfs bavfifs nf hkoafrbk, fspf`aeidfbtf fi ik`ei. Ous`ð epkrter aba`aetaves pere le`aiater iks prk`fsks fb`edabenks e ab`rfdfbter ie perta`ape`aðb pravene fb ie hfstaðb nf iks rfsanuks. E debfre nf rfsudfb sf sfõeieb eihubes e`tavanenfs rfseitebtfs quf sf

 

fmf`uterkb= Pf rfeiazð esfskredafbtk tá`ba`k pfrdebfbtf e iks hkoafrbks rfhakbeifs y ik`eifs fb hfstaðb edoafbtei. Fi @KBED, y pkstfrakrdfbtf fi DABED, prkdkvafrkb y perta`aperkb fb iks `kdatás tá`ba`ks fb ABNF@KWA pere ie hfstaðb nf rfsanuks sðianks `kb fi komftavk nf nfserrkiier bkrdes tá`ba`es fb fstf sf`tkr teifs `kdk ie B^W 177.763-?776 177.763- ?776 ’HFP^AÐB EDOAFB^EI. Hfstaðb nf  nf  rfsanuks. @ðnahk nf `kikrfs pere iks naspksatavks nf eide`fbedafbtk nf rfsanuks— y ie B^W   177.7-?75? 177.7?75? ’HFP^AÐB EDOAFB^EI. Hfstaðb nf rfsanuks. Debfmk nf rfsanuks nf eperetks  eperetks   fiá`tra`ks y fif`trðba`ks. Hfbfreianenfs—.3 

_FNV@@AÐB.  IE CVFIIE F@KIKHA@E _FNV@@AÐB. Ie pradfre "_" sf rflafrf e ie peieore _FNV@A_. Fstk pufnf rfeiazersf fb nks bavfifs _fnu``aðb nf `kbsudk nf oafbfs y _fnu``aðb nf `kbsudk nf fbfrhäe sahbala`e quf fb pradfr iuher iks sfrfs cudebks bk nfofräedks nf prknu`ar tebtks rfsanuks, nf ecä quf ik dås rf`kdfbneoif fs treter nf _FNV@A_ k DABADA]E_ ie hfbfre`aðb nf rfsanuks ye sfe fb fi ckher, treoemk k iuher nf fstunak. Pa uses fstes rf`kdfbne`akbfs fb tu vane `ktanaebe ye fsterås `kbtraouyfbnk e rfnu`ar ie hfbfre`aðb nf rfsanuks= •  @kdpre prknu`tks `kb dfbks fbvkitkraks, tedpk`k tarfs iks fbvkitkraks. •  _fnu`f fi usk nf prknu`tks tðxa`ks y `kbtedabebtfs `kbtedabebtfs ye quf fsk neõe du`ck ei dfnak dfnak edoafbtf. •  _fnu`ar fi `kbsudk nf fbfrhäe, nfs`kbf`ter tknk iikk quf bk tfbhes fb usk. •  _fnu`ar fi `kbsudk nf ehue, `afrre ie iievf oafb nfspuás nf `ene usk. •  Iifve `kbtahk safdprf quf `kdprfs ube okise nf tfie k fi `erratk, iadateres fi usk nf  okises piåsta`es. •  Iadate fi `kbsudk nf prknu`tks nf user y tarer. •  @uebnk veyes nf `kdpres safdprf abtfbte rflifxakber= »fs rfeidfbtf bf`fserak;Ei

 

 prab`apak nf ie cudebanen, áredks prå`ta`edfbtf `evfrbä `evfrbä`kies `kies quf bk bf`fsatåoedks nf du`ces `kdknanenfs pere skorfvavar sf ceoateoe fb ube sk`afnen rf`kif`tkre-`ezenkre, bk eitfråoedks fi dfnak edoafbtf y fståoedks eitedfbtf `kbna`akbenks pkr ie betureifze, vaväedksnf vaväedksnf fiie, `kbsudäedks nf fiie y bks `euseoe babhýb prkoifde, pkrquf sf sfbtäe dfmkr fi earf quf rfsparåoedks fb sa vaväedks `kdk ub ebadei dås. @khäedks ik quf pknäedks `kdk pkr fmfdpik lrutks, y `ezåoedks tedoaáb ik quf pknäedks, pere pknfr skorfvavar. @kb fi tafdpk, fstk luf `edoaebnk y `kdk luadks eitfrebnk dås ie betureifze, nfmedks nf ube iesk ie betureifze ye bk vavadks nf ie pertf ehrä`kie y Ei `kbsudar rf`ursks nf lkrde arre`akbei, `kdk pufnf sfr e trevás nf ub usk abenf`uenk nfi ehue, ie utaiaze`aðb nf budfrksks eperetks fiá`tra`ks, fi usk fx`fsavk nfi trebspkrtf pravenk y nf iks fbvesfs nf piåsta`ks: ne iuher e ube rfnu``aðb nf ie supfrla`af nf oksqufs, prenfres, nfsafrtks, debhierfs, errf`alfs, sfives, y ie `eianen nf iks derfs nfi dubnk. Fb ies zkbes rureifs, nkbnf useb pk`e ehue y pk`ks eperetks

 

fiá`tra`ks, sf eiadfbteb nf sus safdores, vaemeb e paf 7 e `eoeiik, useb dfbks fbvesfs nf piåsta`k y prknu`fb dfbks oesure, nfmeb ube cufiie duy pfqufõe ei neõk quf sf if fstå ce`afbnk ei  piebfte. Ie cufiie f`kiðha`e nf iks sfrfs cudebks bks eyune e ebeiazer fi deitretk quf if fstedks nebnk e ie betureifze pkr pertf nfi ckdorf fb bufstrk naerak vavar, fs esä quf tkne ie ube `aunen k rfhaðb `kbtedabe, fs pkr ik quf nfofdks eostfbfdks nf hfbfrer tkbfienes quf oesure y nfsf`cks ye quf fstks sudeb nf hreb adpkrteb`ae e ie `kbtedabe`aðb y ie nfstru``aðb nfi piebfte, esä `kdk nf quf sf ehktfb iks rf`ursks y iifhufdks ei näe fb quf tfbnrfdks quf utaiazer des`eraiies  pkrquf fi earf quf rfsparedks ye bk b k fs seiuneoif pere bufstre vane Fb ie e`tueianen ie `ebtanen nf nf  prknu`tks quf `kbsudf ube skie pfrskbe pfrs kbe fs eskdorkse y iks rfsanuks rfs anuks quf sf hfbfreb du`ck dås ye quf treoemedks y skdks fs`ievks nfi treoemk pere tfbfr dås `kses `ene näe, bk bks `kblkrdedks `kb ub per nf zepetks k ub tfifvaskr k sadpifdfbtf y k nks dunes nf rkpe `ene näe qufrfdks tfbfr dås, qufrfdks utaiazer `kses bufves y dfmkrfs sab adpkrter sa equfiies `kses quf tfbfdks bks pufnfb supiar bufstres bf`fsanenfs. Bks ne pfrfze seiar e `edaber pkr fi `kbtrerak nfofdks tfbfr fi dfmkr `errk, bk pknfdks utaiazer `ueiquafr ertä`uik quf fstf utaiazenk, nfofdks `kdprer ubk bufvk.

^knks iks sfrfs cudebks rfqufradks eiadfbtk fbfrhäe y ehue pere skorfvavar, ous`edks bk iifher skiks e bufstre vfmfz, safdprf qufrfdks ie `kdpeõäe nf eihuafb pere skorfvavar pkrquf bks fbsfõedks e quf bk bks pknfdks nfsfbvkivfr pkr sa skiks, pfrk bk ous`edks ie lfia`anen ube vfz ik ce`fdks veraes vf`fs y bks `esedks ube nks y trfs vf`fs y ie `ebtanen nf nfspfrna`aks quf sf hfbfreb fb iks fvfbtks skb oestebtfs y skik ce`fb quf sf sahes `kbtedabebnk fi dfnak edoafbtf.

 

 

 Bk bks huste ar ei dána`k ba du`ck dfbks `kbsudar prknu`tks prknu `tks beturastes, pkr fi `kbtrerak `kbsudadks du`ces pestaiies quf ik ýba`k quf ce`fb fs nfstruar bufstrk krhebasdk y tknk fstk  pkrquf ba saquafre rfsparedks ub earf iadpak ba du`ck dfbks `kbsudadks ub ehue iadpae, Ceste eckre fb ie tkde nf nf`asakbfs f`kbðda`es y pkiäta`es sf utaiaze fi WAO pere nfdkstrer ie `ebtanen nf `kbsudk sab adpkrter quf fbtrf dås `kbsudk dås neõk pere fi peäs ye quf fstedks skorfpesebnk iks iädatfs quf ie betureifze y ie tafrre pufnf skpkrter, fs nf`ar utaiazedks iks rf`ursks e ub ratdk supfrakr ei quf sf pufnfb hfbfrer vedks ub pesk dås enfiebtf quf ie betureifze y ei dasdk tafdpk hfbfredks dås rfsanuks nf iks quf ie tafrre pufnf eoskrofr esä quf ie cufiie f`kiðha`e nfi ckdorf skik ous`e piebtfer skiu`akbfs y nfserrkiieries. Were rfnu`ar ie cufiie f`kiðha`e nf ie ^afrre fs bf`fserak quf tebtk hkoafrbks `kdk `kbsudankrfs tkdfb ube sfraf nf nf`asakbfs. @kb`afb`aersf y sfhuar ies prab`apeifs e``akbfs nf rfspftk dfnakedoafbtei pufnf `kbtraouar e fvater ies leteifs `kbsf`ufb`aes quf supkbf sfhuar ab`rfdfbtebnk ie cufiie f`kiðha`e= rfnu`ar, rfutaiazer y rf`a`ier: eckrrer fb fi `kbsudk: hfbfrer fi dfbkr býdfrk pksaoif nf rfsanuks, ft`.

_F@KDFBNE@AKBFP WE_E IE HFP^AÐB NF _F@V_PKP Q WKIÄ^A@EP PF@^K_AEIFP= I e rfifveb`ae nf ie cufiie f`kiðha`e fbfrháta`e esk`aene e oafbfs y sfrva`aks abna`e ie bf`fsanen nf abtfhrer `ene vfz dås fi ebåiasas läsa`k y fbfrháta`k nfi `a`ik nf vane nf iks  prknu`tks, krafbtenk e ie rfnu``aðb nf n f ie abtfbsanen fbfrháta`e nf fstks prk`fsks. prk`fsks . Fb ik rfietavk ei `kbsudk narf`tk nf fbfrhäe, fs urhfbtf ube rfvasaðb nf iks cåoatks nf `kbsudk fb iks sf`tkrfs nf dkvaianen, sfrva`aks y rfsanfb`aei. Ie rfnu``aðb nf ie nfdebne fbfrháta`e sf tkrbe tedoaáb, `kb fi ebåiasas nf cufiie rfeiazenk, fb ub esubtk nf `epatei adpkrteb`ae fb iks prðxadks eõks. Fi

 

lkdfbtk nfi eckrrk nf fbfrhäe y nfi eudfbtk nf fla`afb`ae fbfrháta`e fb prk`fsks y naspksatavks nfofrå sfr, fb iks prðxadks eõks, ube pkiäta`e nf adpkrteb`ae `epatei pere esfhurer ie vaeoaianen y ie `kdpftatavanen nfi sastfde sk`akf`kbðda`k fspeõki. Ceb ikhrenk pkbfr nf debalafstk quf fstf `edoak sf fstå vfrala`ebnk ce`ae fi eudfbtk nfi `kbsudk nf prknu`tks `årba`ks, e ie per quf sf pafrnfb iks ceoatueifs fståbnerfs nf eiadfbte`aðb dfnatfrråbfks. Fb tárdabks nf oak`epe`anen, pufnf nf`arsf quf fi veikr f`kiðha`k y nf oak prknu`tavanen nf ie tafrre nf `uitavk fs dås quf `kbsanfreoif, `kbs anfreoif, nenk quf `kbstatuyf dås nf ie daten nf ie oak`epe`anen prfsfbtf fb fi tfrratkrak fspeõki. Wkr fiik, ies pkiäta`es ehrkpf`ueraes nfofb tfbfr fb `ufbte quf hfstakbeb ie deykräe nfi `epatei beturei nfi peäs, dås eiiå nf ub sf`tkr f`kbðda`k quf prknu`f rfbtes y prknu`tks. Fb fsf sfbtank, nfof nfmer nf `kbsanfrersf quf fi sufik ehrä`kie bk fs abtfrfsebtf nfsnf fi pubtk nf vaste edoafbtei pkr fi cf`ck nf bk eiofrher f`ksastfdes eprf`aenks trena`akbeidfbtf `kdk veiaksks. Fi rftk, pufs, fstå fb ie abtfrbeiaze`aðb nf rezkbedafbtks oesenks fb ie cufiie f`kiðha`e, u ktrks abna`enkrfs sabtáta`ks, fb ies pkiäta`es sf`tkraeifs y fb ies nf `erå`tfr ckrazkbtei, lubnedfbteidfbtf fb ie krnfbe`aðb nfi tfrratkrak y fb ies pkiäta`es uroebes.

 

 

@KB@IVPAKBFP. Fi rf`a`iemf fs ube lkrde nf prktfhfr fi dfnak edoafbtf, `uebnk nfhreneoaianen ce`f quf  pfrdebfz`e fb fi tafdpk pkr fmfdpik= iks piåsta`ks sf nfhreneb nfhren eb fb 577 eõks pkr tebtk nala`uiteb ies rfe``akbfs quäda`es. Ie pkoie`aðb nfof tfbfr `kbk`adafbtk e`fr`e nfi tretedafbtk nf iks rfsanuks rflifmenks fb ies trfs frrfs `kdk= rfnu`ar, rfutaiazer y rf`a`ier. @kb ie labeianen nf dabadazer fi usk nfsdfsurenk nf okises nf piåsta`k Fs nf hreb rfifveb`ae quf tkdfdks fb `ufbte quf bufstrk dfnak edoafbtf fstå safbnk elf`tenk pkr bufstre arrfspkbseoaianen f ab`kbs`afb`ae, pkr fiik sf nfof pre`ta`er ies fstretfhaes quf ie rfhie nf ies 0_¾s, fxpkbf pere `uaner y `kbtraouar e nasdabuar eubquf sfe ub pk`k iks fstrehks nf tknk ik quf cfdks cf`ck dei ceste eckre. Enfdås, fb ie ýitade ná`ene, fi tfde nf ies 0_¾s (rf`a`ier-rfutaiazer y rfnu`ar) sf ce tkrbenk nf sude adpkrteb`ae fb fi bavfi dubnaei, nenks iks nalfrfbtfs neõks k`esakbenks ei piebfte pkr ie fx`fsave `kbtedabe`aðb, hre`aes e bufstre @uiture nf Vser y ^arer¾. Qe quf fs ub cf`ck= "fi vfrnf fstå nf dkne". Ies e`tueifs tfbnfb`aes, skb anfes prå`ta`es  pere dktaver e iifver ub fstaik nf vane dås vfrnf y quf pufnfb p ufnfb adpifdfbtersf fb su ckher y esä `kdpifdfbte ie dasaðb nf ies

 

 

_FLF_FB@AEP 5.  Dfbsemf B· 1?/ ?7?5 y Wrkyf`tk nf Ify pkr fi `uei sf prkpa`ae fsteoif`fr iks Wrfsupufstks

Däbadks nf Wrktf``aðb Edoafbtei pere ie Hfstaðb Abtfhrei nf Fbvesfs y _f`a`ienk Ab`iusavk 

?.  Nebafi Ebnrfs Ectty Hkbzeifz y Mfvfrskb Pebtaehk Uuascpf Heaokr. (?751). ’Nfkbtkikhäe epia`ene e ie rfnu``aðb nf adpe`tk edoafbtei `kb ie rfutaiaze`aðb nf   oktfiies nf vanrak fb fi fbvesenk nf ia`kr fb ie `aunen nf Aoerre F`uenkr—. AOE__E=  F`uenkr—.

Vbavfrsanen Wkiatá`ba`e Peifsaebe, F`uenkr. 0.  WIEB BE@AKBEI NF HFP^AÐB AB^FH_EI NF _FPANVKP PÐIANKP ?75Wfrý ( DABAP^F_AK  DABAP^F_AK NF EDOAFB^F )