Enlaces químicos - TP Química

Un!"#$%&% N&'(n&) %" G"n"#&) S&#*"n+(

,-.*'& G"n"#&)

T.P. Nº 4: REACCIONES QUIMICAS INFORME PRESENTADO POR: BARBOZA NAHUEL NICOLÁS FECHA DE REALIZACIÓN: REALIZACI ÓN: 16/10/2015 16/10/201 5 FECHA DE ENTREGA: 28/10/2015

Objetivo del TP. R"'(n('"# & +#&!$ %" )&$ ""#"n'&$ %$+n+($ +($ %" #"&''(n"$ -.*'&$ 3#"'+&'4n '%(7  &$" #"%(9  '(n('"# )($ ;&'+(#"$ -" ;&!(#"'"n )&$ *$*&$ ( 3n;)-"n'& %" )& +"*"#&+-#& "n !")('%&%9 %" )&$ #"&''(n"$9<

A) Reaccione de !"eci!itaci#n: C(*)"+" )& $=-"n+" +&)& "$'#"n%( )&$ "'-&'(n"$ -.*'&$ '(##"$(n%"n+"$ 3&)&n'"&%&$9> %"$'#& )($ '&*($ -" ($"#!4 "n '&%& "n$&(  ").-")($<

T$bo Re$ltado % Reacci#n: 2N&OH 3&'9 ? ZnSO @ 3&'9  Zn3OH92 3$9 N&2SO@ 3&'9 A!ecto ante de &e'cla":  N&OH 01M  S()-'4n S()-'4n n'()(#&  



ZnSO@ 01M  S()-'4n n'()(#&

A!ecto de!$( de &e'cla": A&#'4n %" -n $4)%( )&n'(< Reacci#n: I 3&'9 ? A=NO 3&'9  N( 3&'9 ? IA= 3$9 A!ecto ante de &e'cla": I 01M  S()-'4n &*&#))"n+& 3')&#&9 A=NO 01M  S()-'4n n'()(#&

*

A!ecto A!ecto de!$( de &e'cla": A&#'4n %" -n #"'+&%( &*&#))(< Reacci#n: N&C) 3&'9 ? A=NO 3&'9  N&NO 3&'9 ? A=C) 3$9 A!ecto ante de &e'cla":  N&C) 01M  S()-'4n S()-'4n n'()(#&  

4

A=NO 01M  S()-'4n n'()(#&

A!ecto de!$( de &e'cla": A&#'4n %" -n #"'+&%( )&n'(< Reacci#n: N&PO@ 3&'9 ? A=NO  3&'9  N&NO 3&'9 ? A=PO@ 3$9 A!ecto ante de &e'cla":  N&PO@ 01M  S()-'4n n'()(#&  

+

A=NO 01M  S()-'4n n'()(#&

A!ecto de!$( de &e'cla": A&#'4n %" -n #"'+&%( &*&#))(< Reacci#n: N&C) 3&'9 ? I 3&'9  N&? 3&'9 ? C)7 3&'9 ?  ? 3&'9 ? I7 3&'9 A!ecto ante de &e'cla":  N&C) 01M  S()-'4n S()-'4n n'()(#& I 01M  S()-'4n &*&#))"n+& 3')&#&9

A!ecto de!$( de &e'cla":  Nn=n '&*(< S()-'4n S()-'4n n'()(#&<

E,!licaci#n de lo $cedido 1

Un!"#$%&% N&'(n&) %" G"n"#&) S&#*"n+(

,-.*'& G"n"#&)

T$bo %) S" ($"#!& )& ;(#*&'4n %" Zn3OH9 3$9< P(%"*($ %"%-'# -" "$ "$+" '(*-"$+( & -" &  &#+# %" )($ #"&'+!($ 3N&OH  ZnSO @9 )& (+#& ;(#*&'4n ($)" $"#.& N& 2SO@ '($& -" n( $"#.& ($"#!&)" '(*( #"'+&%( & -" )($ (n"$ N& ?   S(@72  $(n *- $()-)"$ "n &=-&< A) n(  &#+'&# "n )& #"&''4n %"'*($ -" ") N& ?  SO@27 $(n (n"$ "$"'+&%(#"$<

T$bo ) S" ($"#!& )& ;(#*&'4n %" IA=< P(%"*($ %"'# -" "$ "$+" '(*-"$+( & -" & &#+# %" )($ #"&'+!($ 3I  A=NO9 )& (+#& ;(#*&'4n $"#.& NO   n( $"#.& !$)" '(*( #"'+&%( & -" )&$ $&)"$ %" NO 7 $(n *- $()-)"$ "n &=-&< D" "$+& *&n"#& )($ (n"$   ?  N( 7 $(n )($ (n"$ "$"'+&%(#"$<

T$bo *) S" ($"#!& )& ;(#*&'4n %" A=C) 7< P(%"*($ %"'# -" "$ "$+" '(*-"$+( & -" ") A=C) "$ *- ('( $()-)" "n &=-&  )& (+#& ($)%&% N& ? NO7 "$ *- $()-)" "n &=-&  n( $" !"#.& '(*(  #"'+&%(< L($ (n"$ N&?  NO7 $(n (n"$ "$"'+&%(#"$ "n "$+& #"&''4n<

T$bo 4) S" ($"#!& )& ;(#*&'4n %" A= PO@< P(%"*($ %"'# -" "$ "$+" '(*-"$+(  n( (+#( & -" )& (+#& ($)" ;(#*&'4n N&NO  "$ *- $()-)" "n &=-&  n( $"#.& ($"#!&)" '(*( #"'+&%(<

T$bo +) N( ($"#!&*($ nn=n '&*( & -" ") N&C)  ") I $(n $()-)"$ "n H 2O  (# )( +&n+( $" %$('&n +(+&)*"n+" "n &=-& -"%n%($" *$ "$+&)"$ '(*( (n"$  n( ;(#*&n%( '(*-"$+($  ('( $()-)"$  -" $" ($"#!" '(*( #"'+&%(< En "$+" +-( "n+(n'"$ +"n"*($ (n"$  ? I7 N&?  C)7<

-) Reaccione cido/bae: 2

Un!"#$%&% N&'(n&) %" G"n"#&) S&#*"n+(

,-.*'& G"n"#&)

C(*)"+" )& $=-"n+" +&)&  %"$'#& )&$ ($"#!&'(n"$ #"&)&%&$ "n '&%& "n$&( 3 -.i/iii)< E$'#& )&$ "'-&'(n"$ -.*'&$ '(##"$(n%"n+"$ 3&)&n'"&%&$9 -" -$+;-"n ") '(*(#+&*"n+( '%(7  &$" ($"#!&%(<

T$bo

Sol$ci#n

Colo" del !a!el Colo" del !a!el

Colo" del

01cido2 bico o

to"naol a'$l

to"naol "ojo

indicado"

ne$t"o3

A

HC) 001M

R((

R((

R((

Á'%(

-

 N&OH 001M

A-)

A-)

A-)

B&$"

H2O

A-)

R((

A*&#))(

N"-+#&

C

Ec$aci#n t$bo A :

HC) 3&'9  H? 3&'9 ? C)7 3&'9

Ec$aci#n t$bo - :

N&OH  N&? 3A'9 ? OH7 3&'9

In%-" "n )& +&)& $=-"n+" ") '()(# ($"#!&%( "n )& $()-'4n %") +-( M &#& )($ %$+n+($ &=#"=&%($ %" N&OH "n #"$"n'& %") n%'&%(#< D"+"#*n" )&$ '&#&'+"#.$+'&$ '%(7&$" %" )&$ $()-'(n"$ '(n$%"#&n%( )&$ ($"#!&'(n"$ #"&)&%&$ $(#" )($ +"$+=($<

 NaO52 &6 0 10 20 0

Colo" R(( R(( A*&#))( A-)

Ca"acte"7tica cido/bae de la ol$ci#n Á'%( Á'%( N"-+#& B$'&

Re!onda la i8$iente !"e8$nta: a) C-n+($ *()"$ %" HC) '(n+"n.& n'&)*"n+" ") +-( MJ C-n+($ *()"$ %" N&OH $" &=#"=&#(n '(n ") #*"# *L %" $()-'4n 001MJ 

HC) 001M 001 *()"$ HC)  1000*) $' K  21075  2*) $' 

Un!"#$%&% N&'(n&) %" G"n"#&) S&#*"n+(

,-.*'& G"n"#&)



E) +-( M '(n+"n.& n'&)*"n+" 21075 *()"$ %" HC)<



C(n ") #*"# *) %" $()-'4n N&OH 001M $" &=#"=&#(n 110 75 *()"$ %" N&OH<

b) ,- #"&''4n ('-##" %"n+#( %") +-( MJ E$'#& )& "'-&'4n &)&n'"&%&< 

HC) 3&'9 ? N&OH 3&'9  N&C) 3&'9 ? H2O 3)9



A) "$+&# "n &=-& ") N&C) $" "n'-"n+#& %$('&%( "n (n"$ N& ?  C)7 & -" $(n *- $()-)"$ "n H2O<

c) C-) "$ )& '(n'"n+#&'4n %" '&%& -n& %" )&$ "$"'"$ -n& !" #"&)&%& )& *"')& %" 20 *L %" HC) 001M '(n 20 *L %" N&OH 001MJ S"=n $-$ ')'-)($ )& $()-'4n $"# '%& $'& ( n"-+#&J 

20 *L HC) 001M  210 75 M



20 *L N&OH 001M  210 75 M



L& '(n'"n+#&'4n %" '&%& -n& %" )&$ "$"'"$ $"# 210 75 M<



L& $()-'4n $"# n"-+#& "n "$+" -n+( & -" )($ (n"$ N& ?  C)7 $" &#n n"-+#&)&%( %"%( & -" +"n"*($ =-&) '(n'"n+#&'4n %" &*($  & )& !" =-&) n*"#( %" (n"$<

d) C-) "$ ") #"&'+!( -" $" "n'-"n+#& "n "'"$(  '-) "$ ") -" $" "n'-"n+#& "n %";"'+( )-"=( %" '&%& -n( %" )($ &=#"=&%($ %" N&OH 001MJ 

1"# &=#"=&%(: N&OH $" "n'-"n+#& "n %";"'+(<



2%( &=#"=&%(: Nn=-n& %" )&$ %($< N"-+#&)&'4n +(+&)<



"# &=#"=&%(: HC) $" "n'-"n+#& "n %";"'+(<

C) Reaccione "edo,: C(*)"+" )& $=-"n+" +&)& "$'#"n%( )&$ "'-&'(n"$ -.*'&$ '(##"$(n%"n+"$ 3&)&n'"&%&$9< D"$'#& )($ '&*($ -" ($"#!4 "n '&%& "n$&(< Tubo

%

Re$ltado obtenido Reacci#n: Zn ? C-S(@  C- 3$9 ? ZnSO @ @

Un!"#$%&% N&'(n&) %" G"n"#&) S&#*"n+(

,-.*'& G"n"#&)

A!ecto inicial del #lido: $4)%( =#$ "n "-"&$ &#+.'-)&$< A!ecto inicial de la ol$ci#n: ).-%( '")"$+"< A!ecto 9inal del #lido: $4)%( "n ()!( *&##4n< A!ecto 9inal de la ol$ci#n: ).-%( n'()(#(< Reacci#n:



F" ? C-SO@  C- ? F"SO @

A!ecto inicial del #lido: $4)%( =#$< A!ecto inicial de la ol$ci#n: ).-%( '")"$+"< A!ecto 9inal del #lido: $4)%( '(n '&&$ %" 4%( %" "##( *&##4n . A!ecto 9inal de la ol$ci#n: ).-%( n'()(#(< Reacci#n:

*

C- ? C-SO@  C- ? C-SO @

A!ecto inicial del #lido: *"+&) *&##4n< A!ecto inicial de la ol$ci#n: ).-%( '")"$+". A!ecto 9inal del #lido: *"+&) *&##4n< A!ecto 9inal de la ol$ci#n: ).-%( '")"$+"< Reacci#n:

4

C- ? A=NO   A= 3$9 ? C-3NO92 3&'9

A!ecto inicial del #lido: *"+&) *&##4n< A!ecto inicial de la ol$ci#n: ).-%( n'()(#(< A!ecto 9inal del #lido: &&#"'" -n& &#+.'-)& (&'& %" A= $(#" ") $4)%(< A!ecto 9inal de la ol$ci#n: ).-%( n'()(#(< Reacci#n :

+

5 H2O2 3&'9 ? 2 MnO@ 3&'9 ? H2SO@ 3&'9  2 MnSO @ 3&'9 ?  2SO@ 3&'9 ? 5 O2 3=9 ? 8 H2O

A!ecto inicial de la ol$ci#n de a8$a o,i8enada: ).-%( n'()(#(< A!ecto inicial de la ol$ci#n de !e"&an8anato de !otaio: ).-%( !()"+&< A!ecto 9inal del ite&a: ).-%( n'()(#( '(n -#-&$< Indi$e !a"a cada $na de la "eaccione $e oc$""en en lo t$bo %/+. a) '-) "$ )& $-$+&n'& -" $" (%&  '-) )& -" $" #"%-'"J b) -n "$ ") (%&n+"  -n "$ ") #"%-'+(#J T$bo %)

Zn ? C-S( @  C- 3$9 ? ZnSO@

S" (%& ") C-  $" #"%-'" ") Zn< 

C-0  C-?2 ? 2"7



Zn?2 ? 2"  Zn0 5

Un!"#$%&% N&'(n&) %" G"n"#&) S&#*"n+(

,-.*'& G"n"#&)



E) Zn &'+& '(*( &="n+" (%&n+"  ") C- &'+& '(*( &="n+" #"%-'+(#<



S" ($"#!& )& ;(#*&'4n %" C- 3$9< P(%"*($ %"'# -" "$ "$+" '(*-"$+( & -" & &#+# %" )($ #"&'+!($ 3Zn 3$9 ? C-SO @9 &) "n'(n+#&#$" "n $()-'4n Zn 0 +"n%" & '"%"# $-$ ")"'+#(n"$   &$&# & Zn2? -" "n "$+&%( &'-($( "$ n'()(#( & $- !" -n+( '(n )& %$('&'4n %") C-SO @ "n 3C-?2  S(@279 "n C-?2 "$ -"n #"'" )($ " 7 -" )"#4 ") Zn &$&n%( & $"# C- 0   #"'+&n%(  )($ &n(n"$ S( @72 $=-"n "n "$+&%( &'-($(< P(# "$( !"*($ -n #"'+&%( %" C-  -n& $()-'4n n'()(#& ;(#*&%& (# Zn ?2 3&'9 ? SO@72 3&'9<

T$bo )

F" ? C-SO @  C- ? F"SO @

S" (%& ") F"  $" #"%-'" ") C-< 







F"0  F"?2 ? 2"7 2"7 ? C-?2  C-0 E) F" "$ ") &="n+" #"%-'+(#  ") C- "$ ") &="n+" (%&n+"< S" ($"#!& )& ;(#*&'4n %" C- 3$9< P(%"*($ %"'# -" "$ "$+" '(*-"$+( & -" & &#+# %" )($ #"&'+!($ 3F" ? C-SO @9 ") F"0 "n $()-'4n +"n%" & '"%"# $-$ " 7 3"n "$+" '&$( 2 %" "))($9   &$&# & F"2? *"n+#&$ -" ") C-SO @ $" %$('& ") C- ?2 +"n%" & '&+&# )($ " 7  &$&# & $"# C- 0 3 #"'+& ;(#*&n%( ") 4%( -" !"*($ $(#" ") ')&!(9  ") S( @72 "n $()-'4n "$ &'-($( " n'()(#( (# "$( & n( !"*($ ") '()(# '")"$+" n'&) 3") F" ?2 3&'9 ? S(@72 3&'9 "$ n'()(#(9<

T$bo *)

C- ? C-SO@  C- ? C-SO @

 N( & #"&''4n< 

En "$+" +-( n( & '&*( &)=-n( & -" )( -" $" )" &=#"=& "$ ") *$*( ")"*"n+( -" $"  #"$"n+& "n )& $()-'4n< L& $()-'4n $=-" $"n%( )& *$*&  '(n$"#!&n%( $-$ #("%&%"$<

T$bo 4)

C- ? A=NO  A= 3$9 ? C-3NO92 3&'9

S" #"%-'" ") A=  $" (%& ") C-< 

C-0  C-?2 ? 2"7



2A=?2 ? 2"7  A=0



E) A= &'+& '(*( &="n+" (%&n+"  ") C- &'+& '(*( &="n+" #"%-'+(#<



L( -" ('-##" &-. "$ -" ") C- 0 "n $()-'4n +"n%" & '"%"# $-$ " 7  &$&# & C- ?2 -" -n+( '(n )($ N( 7 #(!"n"n+"$ %" )& %$('&'4n %") A=NO  ;(#*&n )& $()-'4n ;n&) n'()(#&< A%"*$ )& A= ? n'&) 3#(!"n"n+" %" )& %$('&'4n9 '&+& )($ " 7 )"#&%($ (# ") '(#"  &$&n%( & $"# A= 0 3#"'+&9<

6

Un!"#$%&% N&'(n&) %" G"n"#&) S&#*"n+(

T$bo +)

,-.*'& G"n"#&)

5 H2O2 3&'9 ? 2 MnO@ 3&'9 ? H2SO@ 3&'9  2 MnSO @ 3&'9 ?  2SO@ 3&'9 ? 5 O2 3=9 ? 8 H2O



5"7 ? Mn?  Mn?2

3$" #"%-'"9



O272  O20 ? 2"7

3$" (%&9



L( -" $-'"%" "n "$+" +-( "$ -" ") MnO @ n'&) $" %$('& 3"n  ?  MnO@79 -" $(n )($ -" )-"=( ;(#*&n ")  2SO@ 3&'9 -" "$ n'()(#(  ") MnSO @ 3+&*n n'()(#(9<



E) H2O2 &$& & ;(#*&# )&$ *()'-)&$ %" H 2O  &#+" %") O 2 =#&'&$ &) "'"$( %" #(+(n"$ &(#+&%($ (# ") H 2SO@ 3-" -+)&*($ '(*( *"%( '%(9 &$&n %" O 72 A O0 "n "$+&%( =&$"($( -" $(n )&$ -#-&$ -" ($"#!&*($<

;) 6a velocidad de la "eaccione  C(*)"+" )& $=-"n+" +&)& &#& )($ ""#*"n+($ 2 & 

Nº t$bo

a8"e8ado

a8"e8ado

Tie&!o

2  @ 5 6 

?&M) 5 10 20 10 10 10

?&M) 8 8 8 5 8 5

?e8)  16  1  

T"*"#&+-#& &*"n+" 3""#*"n+($ 2769: 2Q T"*"#&+-#& ""#*"n+( : 62Q

Re!onda la i8$iente !"e8$nta: a) ,- +"n%"n'& ($"#!& "n ") +"*( n"'"$&#( &#& %"$&##())&# '()(# & *"%%& -" &-*"n+& )& '(n'"n+#&'4n %" IJ 

A *"%%& -" &-*"n+& )& '(n'"n+#&'4n ") +"*( & ))"=&# &) '()(# %$*n-"<

b) ,- +"n%"n'& ($"#!& "n ") +"*( n"'"$&#( &#& %"$&##())&# '()(# & *"%%& -" &-*"n+& )& '(n'"n+#&'4n %" F"C) J 

A *"%%& -" &-*"n+& )& '(n'"n+#&'4n ") +"*( %" #"&''4n %$*n-"<

c) C-) %" )&$ $=-"n+"$ "#"$(n"$ *&+"*+'&$ $" &-$+& & $-$ ($"#!&'(n"$ ""#*"n+&)"$J E)-" (# -<  #"#"$"n+& )& !")('%&% %" #"&''4n      $(n '(n$+&n+"$ ($+!&$< 

Un!"#$%&% N&'(n&) %" G"n"#&) S&#*"n+(

,-.*'& G"n"#&)

  < VF"?W7< VI7W   < VF"?W< VI7W   < VF"?W< VI7W7 

L& "#"$4n -" *$ $" &-$+&#.& & )&$ ($"#!&'(n"$ ""#*"n+&)"$ "$ )& $"=-n%&  ?  B.

D. 9 & -" n%""n%"n+"*"n+" %" '-) %" )&$ %($ '(n'"n+#&'(n"$ &-*"n+" )& !")('%&% +&*n )( &#<

d) C(*&#" )($ +"*($ %" #"&''4n %" )($ +-($   II< S" *(%;'& )& !")('%&% %" )& #"&''4n (# &''4n %" )& +"*"#&+-#&J En - ;(#*&J 

P(%"*($ ($"#!&# -" )& T $. *(%;'& )& !")('%&% %" #"&''4n &'")"#n%()&<

Concl$ione F co&enta"io: En ") #"$"n+" +#&&( &#"n%*($ -" )&$ #"&''(n"$ -.*'&$ $(n #('"$($ "n )($ '-&)"$ -n( ( *$ #"&'+!($ $" +#&n$;(#*&n "n -n 3-n($9 n-"!(3$9 #(%-'+(3$9< H& %$+n+($ +($ %" #"&''(n"$ &#+'-)&#*"n+" +#&&&*($ '(n #"&''(n"$ %" #"'+&'4n '%(7&$"  #"%(< L& #"&''4n %" #"'+&'4n $(n &-"))&$ "n )&$ -" & &#+# %" #"&'+!($ ).-%($ /( =&$"($($ $" ;(#*& -n $4)%(< En *"%( &'-($( "$+" #"'+&%( $" ($"#!& & -" n( "$ $()-)" "n )& $()-'4n< L&$ #"&''(n"$ %" '%(7&$" -%*($ !"# "n ") ""#*"n+( %" n"-+#&)&'4n %" HC) 001M '(n  N&OH 001M )& '-&) ('-##.& &) &"# =-&) '&n+%&% %" )&$ 2 $()-'(n"$ & -" '&%& -n& &(#+& )& *$*& '&n+%&% %" (n"$< T&*n &#"n%*($ -" n( $4)( )($ *"+&)"$ $" (%&n & -" !*($ -" ") O 2 $" (%&  n( "$ -n *"+&)  -" n( "$ n"'"$&#( +"n"# )& *$*& '&n+%&% %" #"&'+!($ & -" %""n%" %" )& '(n'"n+#&'4n %" '&%& -n(< P(# )+*( n( +(*&$ )&$ #"&''(n"$ $(n n$+&n+n"&$ & -" )& !")('%&% %" #"&''4n "$ %"'# ") +"*( n"'"$&#( &#& -" ") '&*( ('-##& %""n%"# %" )&$ '(n'"n+#&'(n"$ )& +"*"#&+-#&  )&  #"$4n< C#""*($ '-*)# ") ("+!( %") #'+'( & -" ($"#!&*($ )($ %$+n+($ +($ %" #"&''(n"$ -.*'&$  )($ ;&'+(#"$ -" )& &;"'+&n<

8