English Vowels

ENGLISH VOWEL SOUNDS: AN OVERALL OVERALL VIEW VI EW UFPB – CCHLA – DLEM English Phonology an Phon!"i#s I S"$!n": P%is#illa &h$any

WHA& WHA & ARE VOWE LS'

1) VOW·EL / 'vaʊəl / n [C] () on! o* "h! h$+an s,!!#h so$ns "ha" yo$ +a-! .y l!""ing yo$% .%!a"h .%!a"h /o0 o$" 0i"ho$" #losing #losing any ,a%" o* o* yo$% +o$"h o% "h%oa"1 "h%oa"1 2) a l!""!% o* "h! al,ha.!" $s! "o %!,%!s!n" a 3o0!l 4LONGM 4LONGMAN5 AN5 266789 2) vowel (n.) (V) On! o* "h! "0o g!n!%al #a"!go%i!s $s! *o% "h! #lassi#a"ion o* s,!!#h so$ns5 "h! o"h!% .!ing #onsonan"9 Vo0!ls #an .! !n! in "!%+s o* .o"h ,hon!"i#s an ,honology9 Phon!"i#ally5 "h!y a%! so$ns a%"i#$la"! 0i"ho$" a #o+,l!"! #los$%! in "h! +o$"h o% a !g%!! o* na%%o0ing 0hi#h 0o$l ,%o$#! a$i.l! *%i#"ion ;999< F%o+ a ,honologi#al ,oin" o* 3i!05 3o0!ls a%! "hos! $ni"s 0hi#h *$n#"ion a" "h! #!n"!% o* sylla.l!s 4CR=S&AL5 4CR=S&AL5 D9 266>89

78 Vowel noun [C] A s,!!#h so$n ,%o$#! ,%o$#! .y h$+ans 0h!n "h! .%!a"h /o0s o$" "h%o$gh "h! +o$"h 0i"ho$" .!ing .lo#-! .y "h! "!!"h5 "ong$!5 o% li,s 4Ca+.%ig! Di#"iona%y89

FOR E@AMPLE5 &HE &=PE OF SOUND WE MAE WHEN A DOC&OR E@AMINING OUR &HROA& &HROA& ASS US &O OPEN OUR M OU&H AND S A= AH9

PRODUC&ION

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No%+ally +a! 0i"ho$" any #los$%! o% na%%o0ing s$#h as 0o$l %!s$l" in "h! nois! #o+,on!n" #ha%a#"!%is"i# o* +any #onsonan"al so$ns1 +o%!o3!%5 "h! !s#a,! o* "h! ai% is #ha%a#"!%is"i#lly a##o+,lish! in an $ni+,!! 0ay o3!% "h! #!n"%! lin! o* "h! "ong$!9  &h! o%gans +ainly %!s,onsi.l! *o% sha,ing "h!s! so$ns a%! "h! so*" ,ala"!5 li,s an 4Gi+so+5 (68 "ong$!9

WHA& ARE VOWE LS'

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G!n!%ally5 in ,hon!"i# +a"!%ials5 "h! no$n 3o0!l has "h! *ollo0ing +!anings: a 3o0!l so$n1 a l!""!% %!,%!s!n"ing a 3o0!l so$n in 0%i"ing9 Vo0!ls a%! s,!!#h so$ns ,%o$#! 0i"ho$" o.s"%$#"ing "h! /o0 o* ai% *%o+ "h! l$ngs5 so "ha" "h! .%!a"h s"%!a+ ,ass!s *%!!ly "h%o$gh "h! +o$"h9 Vo0!ls a%! al0ays 3oi#!9 Vo0!l so$ns a%! i3i! in"o monophthongs 5 diphthongs 5 an triphthongs9 All 3o0!l so$ns "og!"h!% a%! #all! the

MONOPH&HONGS

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Mono,h"hongs a%"i#$la"! a singl! 3o0!l ,hon!+! "ha" o!s no" #hang! $%ing i"s a%"i#$la"ion1 i9!95 i" s"a%"s an !ns in "h! sa+! $ali"y5 an "h! s,!!#h o%gans o no" #hang! "h!i% ,osi"ion $%ing i"s ,%on$n#ia"ion9 Mono,h"hongs a%! also #all! simple vowels5  pure vowels 5 o% stable vowels an A+!%i#an ling$is"s lis" *%o+  "o (2 +ono,h"hongs in A+!%i#an English9 A +ono,h"hong is a ,$%! 3o0!l so$n5 on! 0hos! a%"i#$la"ion a" "h! .!ginning an !n is %!la"i3!ly !5 an 0hi#h o!s no" gli! $, an o0n "o0a%s a n!0 ,osi"ion o* a%"i#$la"ion9 W! #an also say "ha" a 3o0!l so$n 0hos! $ali"y o!s no" #hang! o3!% "h! $%a"ion o* "h! 3o0!l is #all! as a +ono,h"hong9

PURE VOWELS

INITIAL

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"INAL

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 &HE SCHWA SOUND Uh999 ( &his so$n is so i+,o%"an" "ha" i" has a na+!: s#h0a9  &h! na+! is o%iginally *%o+ H!.%!05 +!aning nought  o% absence of vowel 9 I"s also sai "o .! !%i3! *%o+ "0o G!%+an 0o%s: S#h0a#h!s A$ss,%$#h 2 &h! S#h0a so$n is "h! !asi!s" "o ,%o$#!: i* 0! $s" o,!n o$% +o$"h a li""l! an !+i" 3oi#!5 0! 0ill .! ,%ono$n#ing i"9 &h! +o$"h is in n!$"%al ,osi"ion9 7 I"s "h! +os" *%!$!n" so$n in English9 A##o%ing "o "h! #ha%" o* *%!$!n#i!s o* English ,hon!+!s 4Gi+son5  An Introduction to the Pronunciation in English 5 A%nol5 (685

DIPH&HONGS

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Di,h"hong is a 3o0!l so$n in 0hi#h "h! "ong$! #hang!s ,osi"ion "o ,%o$#! "h! so$n o* "0o 3o0!ls 4Ca+.%ig! A3an#! L!a%n!%s Di#"iona%y89 Di,h"hong is a singl! so$n ,%o$#! 0h!n "0o 3o0!ls ) on! o+inan" in $%a"ion an s"%!ss5 an on! %!$#! in $%a"ion an s"%!ss ) a%! ,ai%! "og!"h!% in a s!$!n#! 4Lina I9 Ho$s!: In"%o$#"o%y Phon!"i#s an Phonology89 A i,h"hong is a #o+,l! 3o0!l so$n "ha" #onsis"s o* "0o #o+,on!n"s9 &h! %s" ,a%" o* "h! i,h"hong is i"s +ain s"%ong #o+,on!n" 4"h! n$#l!$s81 "h! s!#on ,a%" is sho%" an 0!a- 4"h! gli!89 &og!"h!%5 "h! n$#l!$s an "h! gli! *o%+ on! 3o0!l so$n "ha" is ini3isi.l! an *o%+s only on! sylla.l!9

DIPH&HONGS

SOME O&HER E@AMPLES

 &RIPH&HONGS

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A "%i,h"hong is a #o+,l! 3o0!l so$n "ha" #onsis"s o* "h%!! #o+,on!n"s9 A "%i,h"hong is ini3isi.l! an *o%+s only on! sylla.l!9 A "%i,h"hong is al0ays s"%!ss! on i"s %s" +ain #o+,on!n"9  &0o "%i,h"hongs a%! $s$ally lis"! in B%i"ish English: ;aiQ< hi%!5 %!5 %!$i%!1 ;a$Q< o$%5 ho$%5 /o$%9 A+!%i#an ling$is"s g!n!%ally o no" lis" "%i,h"hongs .!#a$s! "h! n!$"%al so$n 4i9!95 "h! "hi% #o+,on!n" o* "h!s! "%i,h"hongs8 is o*"!n los" .!*o%! 3oi#! ;%< in A+E5 *o% !a+,l!5 %! ;*ai%