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c c c c />c c c c c c *c c c c >c c c /c c /c c c  c 0c/cccccc>cc/>c>c*c >c c c c c !92)$>c c c c c /c c  c cc cc ccc c/c c ccc c  /c  c c c c c />c c c c *c c c c /*>c c c c c  /c  c %c c c c c c c >c c c *c*c ccccc*ccccccc c c c c c /c c c c c c c  c 2>c c c c c *c c c c />c c c 2c c 92)>ccc/cc*cc*ccc*c*cccc cccccccc/ccc c c/c>cccc*6cc/*ccccc c c c )c c =*c /c c c c

-c 4cc
cc'2c4c c c c c c c c /c >c *c c cc c cc/ccccc c*cccc;/ c 'cccc/cc c$cccccc c c c /c /c c c c c c c c c c  c 'cccc /cc ccc*c cc >cccc c c*ccc>c/cc*c c


Ñc%xample:c crosoftc3 ndowsc 7c c 7c 16c c c c c c /c c c c >c c c c c cc />c c c c c c $c c c c c c  c c  c 'c >c c c c c c  c 2c c c c cccc c 2c7c02cccc>c*c>ccc >cc c*cc c />ccccc/cc*c cc ccccc*ccc>ccc7c ,>ccccccccccccc >c c c c c c c c  c 2c7c :)c c /c c >c c @c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c *c c c c c Ac c c c c c c c c c c ccc c 7c ,c c c *c c c /c /c c c #c c
 c 7c c c c c c >c c c c c c c cc c c c c *c /c c  c 'c c >cc cccc*c c c cc ccc c c7ccccccccc>ccc cc c2ccccc/ccccc >cccccccccccccc c / c #c >c c c7c >c c c c ccc>ccccc/c/c/cc cc c7cccAcc/cc#.c c#cc>c #
c cc c c>cc cc /c!ccccccAcc/cc cc*cccc$>ccccccc  K&Lc

-c c c

c

c c



c%xample:c+ nux/n xc "6c c #0':c *c /c c c >c c c c  c cccc>ccc cc cc#0': c c7c cccc/cccccc>cc cccc cccc cc c/c >cc c c c >c  c 'c c >c c Dc c >c c c c /*c >c c c c c cA>c /*c c c Dc c >c c c c c c *c c  c 2c /c c ccccccccc>cc*c*cccc ccccc@c!*cccc /c*$c cc>c c c2cDccccccc c c Dc c c c c Dc c >c c c c /c c c c c c c c c c >c c c %c 5ccc7c cccc/cccccc  c>ccc*cccc>cccc c >c c c c c c Dc c c c  c c c !c c#*c c c //$c c c *c cccccccccccc/ccc>c c c Dc c c c c c c c Dc c  c (c c c c c #c #c c /c c c c  c 9c cc ccc*cc "6c ccc ,Dc#cc
>cc
cc/ccc6 c c6cc*cccc"6cc c(c/c*c/c *c c c c c c >c **>c c c c #0':>c

1c 4cc
cc'2c4c c %c7>cccc c"6ccccc:9c c;9>ccc92c!c% 5(cc$>cc 9ccccc cccc% c 'c c c c c %c 7c 02Dc 029c c c c cc"6>cccc*cccc/*ccc/c #0':c c  c '(c 1++c c #59c c c c c c c c cc
5>c5,5>cc?.c c'cc*ccc"6cc c @c c c c  c #c c c >c "6c c #0':c c c c c c *c c c c c c c c c >c ccccc/>c
5cc5,5>cc/ccccccc ccc c

c c  
c crosoftc3 ndowsc %c 7c c c 029c c 92c c >c c c c c c c c c >c c c'(c 1++c c #59c c c c
5>c 5,5>c c c c c c c?. c #c 7c c c c c c c c c c c >c c 6c
5ccc'(c1++cc#59>cccc7c,>c029ccc c c c c c c c c *c c  c 5c c c c c c  c 7c 4*c
4c + c c 4692>c c c cc*ccc/ c

c   c acc0cXc %c(c:cc 9Hcc@ccccc c'cc/c cc c9ccccc%c( c%c(c:ccc cccc92>c029>c#59>cccc>c*cc*cc c  c 5c c c #0':c c %c (c :c c c /c c c c cc*cc#0':c,9 c.cc' ccccc c%DcJ9ccc%c(c:cccccc /*cc%c(c:c   c

1c c c

c

c +c

  cpec alcpurposecf lecsystemsc 92cccccccc>ccc>cc >c c c c *c /c *c c c /c  c )cc92ccccccccccc/c cc>cccc >cccc c c ccccc cccc c'(c1++cc #/c 5c 9c c c c c c c
c 5c c 5,5 c%c.cccc6cc#59cc*c"6c +cc c7c,cc ccc5,5cccc cc c *c*ccc c

  c4ournal 5edcf lecsystemsc 9ccc/c@>cc/cc/ccc/cc cc cc@cccccc8cccc @>c c c c c c c c >c c c c c c c c c c  c ;c c c *c c c c />c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c  c 'c c /ccc>cccc/ccccc*cccc c c @ c %c #0':c c c /c @c c.9>c ;9>cc46 c 'c >c  @c c c c c c *c 6c c c c*cccccccccccccc  c c c c c /c c @c c /c c c c*ccccc c" cccc J9c c c c c @c c c c c c /c c *c c c c c c c >c c  c  c

 craph calcuserc nterfacesc %cccccccc!=#'$>ccc c c'ccc>ccccccc %c7ccc%c(>cc=#'ccccc c 7c c c c c c c c c c c />c cccccccccccc=#'cc *c c /c *c c c *c c6c c Ac c c

+ c 4cc
cc'2c4c c =#'c c c c c  c (c c c c >c ccc*cccccc(c c'cc 1c #0':>c ,%c c c c c c c c c *c c  c"6cc %c(c:cc c*cc c%cc c %c 7ccc7c,cccc*ccccc  >c /c /c *c 7c 02c & c c 7c /c Dc c c c 6c c c c  c7c 16c c /ccc*ccccc c %c c c c c c c c c c c c c cc c2c:c7ccc@cc=0(%4ccB54c c c  c c c c #6c c#6 c !?5>c "6>c %6$c  c c *c c 7c c c /c *c c c %c 7>c c c /c c c c7c >c *c cccc*ccc7 c 0c #6 *c =#'c /c 6c /c >c c /c c : c
c c c /c /c c #6c ! )>c '?%>c$c c c c >c c c c c c /c c *c c ccc=0(%4ccB54 c)ccc *ccc c />c %c c c /c  c *c !c cc*ccc
54cc/$ c =ccc//c/c c9c6>c7cccc ccc/cccc@c/cc7cc>cc c%c(c=#'ccccccc%c(c:cc  c

 c storyc 2c c c c c /c c  c ?c c c 1+>c c c /c c c Ac 6/c c c c c />c >c c 6c c @*c c *c c  c 46c c c *c #0',
c c
c 5c
>cc c 2c c c c c c>c >c c >c c ccc>ccccccc>c Accc/c*c c4cccccccc

+ c c c

c + c c cccc c%c!$ccccc cc 1+ c 'c 1+1 ->c #0':c c c c c )5) -c c c c )5) c 'c c *c *c c /c  c c c c /c >c /c c >c c >c c c c c c/c c#0':ccccccccc ccc c % 5(c /c c c c c >c c c c  c

/c c5(cc*cc c cc c c  c '?%Dc/>c)
5(>ccc'?%c>ccc'?%c)
cc c '?%c )
c :2>c c % 5(c c c c c c c c c  c '?%c )
c *c c c c %c :6>c c #0': c c cccc 1 c:6cc/cc*c%ccc c /c c c c c% 5(c c  c 2c
)#c c c c >c c c c c c c c/c c c>cc%c:6ccc/ccccc c c 2c + *c'?%c)
c2cccccc*ccc cc>cc/cc c
c %c (>c c %c 7c   c c c /c c !7c 1>c 1>c Sc %4c c /c c c c c  c *c >c *c c c +c *c c c /c$>ccc/cccc*ccc/c c c  c c c c cc c c cc
)#cccccccccc>cc*c>c c*ccc c 7c 02Dc c c c c c c c c *c cccc c5c4Ac
Dc ,%>cc#0': c ccc/ccccccc>c c c >c /c  >c /c c c >c ccccc c

+c 4cc
cc'2c4c c
c(cc7c  %ccccccc *ccc c'ccccc*c>ccccc *cccccccccc c 2c(cc/c/c c

 c a nframesc 2cc 1+>c c @c c cccc ccc  c2c/ccc'?%c +cccccc c /*c c c c c c c >c c c c c c c ( +c c c !c c /c  c c c /c /c $ c 2c c c c c (c c c ccc c c ccc c +c>cc >c'?%Tc c c c c c c c c c c $ccccc( +ccc*cccc c'c c  -D>c c %,>c c c c ( +c c c K
    Lc ccc.%cccccccc c ( +cccc*ccc>ccc>ccccc c c c c  c 9c >c c( +>c c c c c >ccccccccccccccc c>c>cc>ccc c7cccccc c >c c c c c c  c *c c c  c c /c
) +-cccccccccccc cc/c c
c5c
c/cc
()4ccccc 1+>cc *c c'c ccc #/c c%>ccB.(0(c c c c 0(c c c c /c c c 1->c c c c *c c c  c "c c c c >c c c c c 6c c c 5c ?'
c c>c c ccc ccccc  c'ccc 1->c
c5ccc#/cc'c/c c)"2(cc>ccccccc c cc c)cc*c//ccc>cc c>cc cc c ?c
c c c ?c c 1+ c c c %
)>c !%c
c)$c c c2c?cccc c cc

+c c c

c +&c c 6/cc /ccccccc*>c c c c %
)c c c c (c c *c c 6/c c c  /c cCc4)(">cccc"=(" c%
)ccccc *c/>ccc*cccccc/c  c%
)cccccccc#c
) %
)ccc c #0',
>ccccc>ccccc4:4
c c  c "c c c  c >c c c c * c cccc>c>ccccc c'cc 1->c #0',
c c c . 2c ?c !.2?$c c c c  cc>ccccc5c?'
c c =c 4c c %'2c /c =c 4c
/c (c /c !=4
($>c c c c c c c c /c / ccAc*c ccccc=c
/c (cc!=
($ c 5c4Ac
c /c c cc cc /c c>cc2() cc2() cccccc+ *c)5) cc c)ccc c c c #0':>c2() c c c cccc/>ccccc.)042c c 'ccc 1+cccc 1->c/cc*c//cc ccccccccccc c4cc cc c '?%c
) +-c c'?%c +>c 1+-cc'?%c< ,%>c c #0',
c 4:4
c c c #0',
c >c 1+&>c c #c
c ':>c  c

c c

+c

4cc
cc'2c4c

c

+c c c

c ++c

c

c c3ebceng neer ngc 2c 7c 7c 7*c c *c c @c /c c c c /c c 6c c c c c c /c  c 'c c cccc>cc7*cc6*c6c */ccccAcccc*>c>cc c*cccc// c

/>cc/c@cccccc*c/ccc c >c *c c *c c *>c *>c Ac c * c 7c 7*c /c c *c c *c c c c c >c c c c c c c c c  c 'c c c >c c /c *c c /c c c c *c c A c c c c >c 3ebc eng neer ngc /c c >c c c A*c c c c /c c  A>c *Ac *c 7* *ccc c 'c>c7*ccccc>cAccc c c c c c 7*c c /c c c c c >c/>c/>cc/ c7*cc/cc cccccccc>cc >cccc/ c 7*cccccc*cc/c 8c c c c >c c >c  6c >cAc>c c>cc>c c>cc6cc/>c>ccc >c@c>ccccc c 7*ccccc>ccc*ccc>cc *c //c c c c / c 7c 7*c 4c c c c >c c c c >c >c>cA>c c cc cc AcAc c7* *c c

c

.*c

 c c
 cc!ñc

c

Î Ñ W.   W.   c  c c  

c c  - c c  c c  c c  c c  c  c c ! c c c c c    c c c "c c c c   cc cc cc   c c  c c c  c  c8?! c

c x
2 8
 

9,  ñc c c c  c  c  c  c cc c c   c c  c  c

 c c c c  cc  

c c    c  c c  c   c c   c  c c c   c c c c c c  c c : c 5c c cc  ccc c8!7 c, 8 c 28 ccc c c c c  c )ñ%>c o)ñ%>c c o%>c  c + c  c  cc c  c  c c  c c :  c  c c  c 7 c A"ñc ,c c  c c  c  c  c c cc cc c)ñ%>c co)ñ%>c c !  ccc    c  

&c c c61
c   c c c   c c c o)ñ%>c c o%>c c  @ c c
 c 5c 5 c 
55c  c   c c c c c  c ñc  c

.*c c c

7*cc +c c cccccccc/c*Dc*cc/cc c /c c c c *c c c c c *c c c  c 2c*ccccc
cc 
c Ãc

˜
c Uc c ccc c /cAc cc c!*ccc$cccc c

Ãc

 
 c c c c  c c c c c  Uc c c c c c c c c /c !>c >c *c >c  $c
c c *c c c c c c ! Dc $c *c c  c c c !;/>c;>c>cccc)59cc >c  $ccc5(%cc!5 2%"$ c5ccccc c c /c c )>c )>c
>c ;)>c )>c  $ c ?c c c c c c 6c c

7c c c c c c c c c c c c c *c    ccc*ccc  ccc/ccc c* *c/ cc


Ñc storyc 2c ? "c *c c c c c *c c c *c c c 11 c ? "c c c c c *c 'c c !c c *c cc c c#c c $c c 6c !c c c *c c c >c *c c c *c c c c c c >ccc/c
5 .(%c$ c7*cccccc cc 2%">ccc/cc 2%"cc/c*>cc/c *c *c c !c c $>c c c *c c c c 6 c 2c c c c c c 6c c c c c c c c /c c c c *c cc c c c  c cc7*cc*cc>cccccc*c c6cc6*>c/cc*ccc*@cccc*c cc c9cc*>cccccc*cccc *c>ccc*/cccc/*cc/ c7c

+1c 4cc
cc'2c4c c c /c c
c c c !
$>c * *c c c c c c  c 5*c c c c c / c ccccc7
cccccccc 7*cc ccc>c*ccccccccc /cccccc/ //ccc c 7ccccc7*>ccccc*ccc/c *c*ccccc/cccccc cc c c c c c c >c c *c c c /c*c*cccccc/cccccc 7cccccccccc'>c.>c c .c c c /c c c /c c *c c c c c  c



c3ebc tec es gnc c 7*c c c c c c c *c c c c c *@ c 5cc*cccccccccc*ccc ccccc*c cc*cccccccc*c cc/ cc*ccc*cccc*>cccccc *ccc*c c 2c c c c !c $c c c >c c c c c c /c c c '>c c c c  c 9c  c *c >c c c c /c c c c c 6c c  c 9c cc*c>cc*cccc8c 2c
  cc*>ccccccc*c/c c c c c c c c c c c *c c c *c c c c Ãc 2c   c c c c *c  >c c c c c /ccc* c Ãc 2c 
c c c c 6c c c c c c c c >c c c  c 2c c c *c >c cc/ c Ãc 2c    ccccc*cccc/c>ccc>c@c ccc/c c Ãc

c *c c c c c 6c c c 2c c c c c *c c c ccc ccc'6 cc*cccccccc c) ccc cc cc >cc cc

+1c c c

7*cc -c c >cc c4c*cccc*cccc 2%"ccc ccc#." ccc*ccc>cccccc cc/cccc c9c*cc/cc cccccccc/ccccc ccccc)>cccc*ccc c (c c *c c c >c c c *c *c c c c c c *c /*c c c *c /c c c 2c c *c c c c92)c  c (c *>c c*c c c c c /c c Ac c c c >cc>ccc*cc/ c2ccc*cc*cc cccccc=ccE>c6cccc*c>c cccc*c>c c


cIssuesc c c */c >c c c c *c c c c cc*cc c2ccccccc c

3 
     -  'c c c c c c *>c c Dc c c *c *c *c c c c /c >c c >c c >ccc6cccc c7*ccccc c*ccccc@ c %c *c c c c c c c @ c c c c c c c c c c c @ c 2c c c c c />c c c c c c c c c c >c c c c c

c c c c c  c c >c c c c c c c c @c c c c c * c2cccccccc*c >ccccccc*c c

3 .    /  "  (cc*cccccc/c/c>ccccc*c*c>ccc/cc!>cc >c /c >c 6>c c c *c >c  $c c c ccccc *c*c c 00    
  " 

7c 0c 0/c &c c c *c >c c c c /*c c c c c c c 7*c c c *c c * c (c /c c c c c c c Ac c c c c Dc c c c *c c *>c c c c *c c c'c 46c*cc7
c>ccccc
ccc cccccc c
cccc*cc*c ccc*c>ccc c#c
ccc*ccc

2%"c c c c >c c c *c c c c c Dc c c c c *c  c c c7*c *c c
c c ccc c

/>ccccccc
ccc*cccc6/>c cccAccc*ccccAccc c c c c c  c 2c c c c *c c c /c *c c c c *c c
c  c 9c c c c c c * *c>c/c7*ccc
cc*ccccc cccc*ccc*>ccccc
ccc *c c c c c  c 9c 6>c c c c c c c ccccc>ccc/c>cc c c c c c c *c  c 7c c *c c
c c /*c c >c >c c c *c c c c //c c c c c
c c c
c c c c c c 2c c c c *c /c /c c c c Ac c
c ccccccc
cc* c />cc ccccc*>cccccccc>cc cccccccc* c%c*ccc c *c c 'c 46c c c  >c >c c c c *c >c c *c c c 0c 0/c &cFc c *c c c c 7c 7c 7*c *c c /c c
c  c />c c 7c
c c c
c c *c c : 2%"c c c c *c  c

x  x   c*c/c/cccc*cccccc cccccccccccc/cccc ccc/ccc cccccc/ccc ccc/ccc c(cccccc>ccc c c cccc>cccDc*ccc ccc>c c c c 4(c c c c c c c c c c c DDc >c c c 4(c c c c DDc  c 6>c *c >c c6c c(cccccccccccc*c c c *c c c c c c c c c */c c c  c ?c c c /c c c c cc>cccccccccccDc /ccccccc4(c c c*cccccccccccccc *cc>cccc c2cc*cccc*c cccc//cc cccccc/c c 2c c c c c c c*c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c 6c c c c c c * c 2c c c c c c >c c c c c c c c c c c c *c /cc6c c

©   'cc cc ccc cc *c c ccc cccc c  c c c c c c c *c c c c *c c c c c c c c c c  c c c c ccccccccccccccc c c c c c c / c c c c c c c c c *ccccccccccccc6>c >c c /c c c  c >c  c c c *c *@/c c *c c c c c c c c c c c c

  5ccccccccc*cc c2cc cc c cc cc 6cc/c c*cCcc c*c  c2cc c*c /cc *c ccccccc c c c 6c c c c c c c c /c c  c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c /c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c#ccccccccccc>cc cccccccc8c Ãc Ãc Ãc Ãc

c
c 'c)c
cc 7*c46c

2c c c c c c c c c c c /c *cc*cccc/ccccccc c

-c c c

c  

7*cc -+c


c /c c c;)4=>cc)0=c!c$ cc 'c46ccc@cc>cccc)0=Dc/c c>cccc='9ccc*ccccc ccccc c %c*c*ccc*ccccc*cc  c2cccc*ccc*ccccccccc cccc c

©        5c c c c /c c c c c c c c c >ccc>ccccc>cccc c c c *c c c * c 5c c *c c c

--c 4cc
cc'2c4c c c c c *c Cc c c c c c *c c c *c />c c c c >c /c  c  c 2c/ccccccccc* c 9>c c c c c c cccccc*cccc c2cccc cccc*c8c "c7*c5cccccc/cccc A$c Ãc c c !c 2c 5c 7*c 5$c /c c ccccccccc$c Ãc ?c 5c 7*c 5c c c c c *c*cccccc c Ãc

'ccccc>ccc cc c/cc c *c c c c* c 'c c c c *>c c c c c c c >c c c c c c c c c >c c c c c c c c c c /c c c c  c 5c c c *c c c Ac c c *>c c cccccccccccc>cc cc*ccc c ccccc/ccc*ccccccc*c >c c c c c c /c c c c c c c c c  c 2c c c c c c c >c c c c  c2ccccc>cc c

 c3ebcpagec c webcpagecc webpagecccccccc*ccc7c 7c7*ccc*cccc*c* c2cccc c 2%"cc: 2%"c>ccc/c/ccc*cc/c 6c c

--c c c

c

6c c *4c

c x
2  
 

6c c cc  c c c c   c c cc  cc   c ñc c   c c   c 

c c  c c  c  "cc c   c  c ccc c c cc6 c6c6c6c c c : c c  c cc  

c c) cñ   c   c)ññ c 6c  c c    c c  c c c c  c c cc   & c c

 c cc c ccc   cc   cco)ñ%>c cc c c c c  c : c c c    c c c  c
 c

 c c "c c  c  c    c  c   c c c c c c    cc

Î 3 Ñ
l1 '1 ll       6c  c  c c     c  c  c c  

c c c c "  c c  c c  c  c " c  c  c c  c  c c  c c ccc cc > c  cc   c  c c cc
 c5c 5c 
55c     c c c  c c c c c )ñ%>c c c c  ccc  c cc c   c ccc)ñ%>cñc c  c  c  c c  c c c  c  c c  c c  c  8cc ccc)ññ c " cc   cc c  cc c c cc   cc ccc c cc c  c ! c  c  c c c c   c  c  c  c c c )ññ c   c c c c c c c c c  c   c  c c    c c  c :c "c c

c  c c c cc   ccc : c cc c 

cc

-1c 4cc
cc'2c4c c

22)c c*c/ccccccc*cccc c/c*cAcc/ c?ccccc cc6ccccccc*c c
 c c c c c ;/c c c c @6c Acc*c/cc*ccc 2%"ccc*cc>cc
c>cc>cc cccc 2%"c!c c 6c @cc6cc;/c$ c2ccccccc >c c c c c c >c c c /c c c c /c *cc*ccccccccc c

 
cBrowsersc c*c*cc/cc=c#c'>cc'c46>c%c c (>c c c *c 6 *>c c "6 c 7*c c c /c ccccccccccc6>ccccc ccc c /c >c c *c c c c c c *c 6 c #c c c c c c c c >c c c c c c c c *c c *c c c c c c c c
cccc/c/ccc c 2c7c7c7*c
c!7
$cc7*c*c'/c!7'$c c c c *c c c *c c c c c c c c  c

  c ender ngc 7*cc c cAc ccccc/*c ccc c c%cc*ccc*c!c*cccc ccccccc/c$cccccccccc c ccccc *ccc ccc>c*c*cc/cc c ccc/ccc!*cccc c c c c /c /c c >c *c c c*cc c c >c c c c >c c c *c c c c  c * c 2c c c c c c c c c c c c c *c >c c c c /c c c >c c c c c c c c c c c *c c c  ccccccc*ccccccccc ##ccc*c c9ccc/c>ccc cc*cccc>ccccccccc c c *c c /c  c 7c c c cc
c*c c ccc >cc c c/c c*cc*cccccccc*cccc*c ccccccc c 7c*cccccccccc*c/>cc*cc * c c *c c c c c c c *c c c c c >c c /cc c c c c / c2c cc *c c c /c c c *c c c6c  c 5c c c *c /c >cc6ccc/ccc>c*ccccc 6 cc6  c7cc*c/ccccc*>ccc #."ccccccccc>cc*c/cc/cc 6c c c c Ac * c 'c c 6c c c c c c >ccccc6ccc/>ccccccc c*c/ccc* c 7ccc*c>cccccccccc7c7c 7*c
c!7
$ccc 2%">c
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     "  c cc#c*c/c>#c *c /cc c c c c c /c c c cc *c >c c c * c7cc/ccc*ccccccc c c *c c *c >c *c c  c 2c c ccc/>cccccc/c c %c>cccccc4c?c%c!4?%$>cc c /c c c c c c cc c />c c c cccccc5.4 cccc*cc/c ccccc/c c

. c  c c
 cc!ñc

c c 7 À  
 =À/$  
8  c    c  c +.c  c c   c   c c  c c c  c c cc c c   c    cccc ccc  cc  c cc   $cc 

 ccc   c  $c c c   c  c c c  c  c c  c    c  cc cc  cc c cc cc  cc c  c c  cc c c cñc  cc c c c  c c   c c   c c  c   c  c c  c   c c   c c  c   c c   c c c  c   c ñ c

  c  c c  c  c  c c  c   c c c  c c ñccc  c cc  c  cc cc   c  cc  c c cc

c x
#$  
 9 ( $   =9 À $  :

9   '      ( 9 
?  

!c 

c c c ?c 5 c c )c  c 9 c c c c c c 

c  c  c c  c  c  c c c  c @    c c  c  c  c c c  c c +.c  c  c c

c  c  c  c +.c !c 

c 4Hc c c   c  

c c c ?c5 c c cc c c  c c c  cc c **Hcc .cc ( 4À/$ 
8  c c  "c +.c  c  c  c c  c  c c   c  c   c c    c  c c c c  c c  c   c   c  c c c "c9 cccc  c cc  c cc c c   c c c c  c  cc cc c c cccc  c c cñ c c! c c cc c c c c  "c +.c  c  c c -c  c  c  c c  c  c  c ñc  c  c  c  c   c c c   c cc c  c

. c c c

 =/c + c c 'c /c c c c c !/c c c 'c *c $cccccccc/c*ccc 'cc/c c
c c cc#B>c '>cc c c c c c c cc /cccc  /c>cccc*c c4c #c c'cc*cc*c*cc4cccc c c Ac c c  *c c c c c c c ccccccccc* ccc/cccc>cc cc>cc'5cccc)'0>cccc/ccc cc c4c /ccc*cccccc/c/ c (ccccc/ccccccccccc* c

c

c

c

+c

4cc
cc'2c4c

c Ñc Computercv s onc Computerc v s onc c c c c c c c c  c c c c >c c /c c c c c c c *c c c c *c c c  c 2c c c c c c >c c c c /c A>c /c c c >c c  ccccc c c c c >c c /c c c c c c c c c c /c c c c c c /c  c 46ccccc/cccc8c
cc!  ccc*cccc/$ c 5c/c!  cc/c/ccc$ c (c c cccc$ c Ãc 'c!  cccccc/cc c$ c

Ãc Ãc Ãc


c /c c c *c *c c c c !*c c c c $cc*c/ c'c*c/>cc/cccc c/ccc>ccccccccc c c c c  c
c />c c c c >c c c *c c /c c c c c c c  c  c'c 6c*c*cc c /c c /cccc*c c * c c c /c c c >c /c >c >c*@c>c>c6>c ccc c

Ñ Ñctatecofcthecartc 2c cc c /c c*c ccccccc 1-cccccc cccccccccccccc

+c c c


c/c +&c c c c  c />c c c c c c /c c >cc Accccc c c #c c /c * #c >c c c c /c c 6>c c c c c c c c c /c *c c *c / c '>c c 6c c *c c c c /c /c  c c /c >c ccccc/cccccc*cc *c c c c c /c c c c c c>ccc c ccccccc c c/c6cc!  >cccccc>ccAccc c c c $ c 'c c c c /c >c c c c  c c /c c c >c *c c *c c c c c *c c  c 2c c cccccc'cc

c Ñ
c elatedcf eldsc c c c c c c c c c c c *c cc c cc ccc c /cc *ccc/ c2cccccccc /c *c c c /c >c c c c /c c c /c  /c c *c c /c c c * c (c c c cc*cc*cccccccc cccc/ccccccA ccc A>c c /c c c c c c c c c c cccccccc c

c

.c

 c c
 cc!ñc

c

c x
%/      

  c  c   c c c  c  c c  c   c   c c  c  c c   c   c  c c   c c : c c  c 

c c c  

c c c  c  c c c c  c c c   c c  c  c c c   c c @ c c c  c   cccc  c c ccccñ c 

c c c c  c c  c   c % c  c c 

c c : c :c  c c cc  c     c ccc  c  

c  c    c   c   c c   c c c  

c  c   c  c cc  cc  c
 :c  c  cc  cc c cc  c c  c c c c c c c c c c   c  cc c cc  c  c  c( cc c  c  c  cc c  c

c c  c   c c c  c    c  c  c  

c c  c

c c  c  c c    c  c ñ c  c c  c c  

c c  c    c c  c # #c   c   c  c c  c  c c  c   c c  " c ñ c   c c c  c c  c c   c   c c  c   c c c ccc 

cc  c

.c c c


c/c ++c c c*c>ccc/cc6 c>cccc *c c /c c c /c /c c *c c * c Ecccccc/ccc c%ccc cc /*c>ccc>cc*c6ccc c c c c c  /*c c c  /*c c c c/ c />c*cccccccccc c /c c c /c c /c c c c c cc /*c cccccccccc ccc c>cccc ccc>c cc*ccccccccc/ c ?c c */c c /c c c />c c c c c cccc*cccccccc/ c9c 6>ccccc/cc*cc>ccccccc cc/cccc c c c /$c c 6c c c *c cccccc*ccc ccccccccc c 2c >c c c cc c />c cc >c c >c*c/ccc/ c2cccc/cccc cAcccc/ c2cccc*cAc c c c c /c c c c c c c c >c c c c *c c c c c c c c c c  c (c c c >c c c c *c c c c >c c @>c c c c c c c c /c c *c c c c c c c >c >c /c c c c >c   >c /c *c c *c c c c /c *c c c  c2cccccccccc c c c c c c c c c c c *c c c  cccc *c c c c c c c c c  c 9c 6>c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c  c 9>cc c c c c c c/ccc6ccccc>cc*c c c  c c c c c c c c /c c c cccc ccAcccccccccc *c c c c *c c c c c c >c c c c c c cc/cc*ccccccccccccc cccWc

Ñ cppl cat onscforccomputercv s onc (cccccccccc/ccc c c2cccc c c c c c c c c >c : c >c c >c c >c c c  c c 6c c c c c *c 6c c c c c c c c >c c c c c  c 'c c c *c c c c >c*c >c  c2cc ccc cc *c /c c >c   >c *c c c c c *>c c *c c Accc c c c c c c c /c c c  c >c c c 6c ccc ccc c c(c 6cc Acccccccc*cccc ccc cc6ccccccc ccc*ccc*cc*c c %ccc**cccccccc/ c2c */c6ccccccc/ccc c %c/ccccccccccccc

+-c c c


 c  c .4c c c  c  c c  c  c  c c c c 

c  c c  c  c c  c : c c c %  c  c   c c  c # c  

#c c c    c 

c c c 

c  c c c c c   c  c c  c c c c c  c  c

 c  c   c!c c c c 

c ccc c c c

c  c c  c  c   c c c 

c  c   c

c

c x
%  >/&:8       / = &À
 ; 99 

(c c c  c  c   c  c     c  c c c



 c c c c   cc c

c c " c c  ccc c c?9cñcc c  c  c c c     c c  c  c  c  c   c   c  c

  c  cc  c cc cc   c   c7c    c c c  c   c   c c  c c c " c  c c  c c c  c c c c  c  c 5>%c c c c   c !c c  c c  c c c  c  "c  c  c c c c ?9c  "c c  c   c c c  c   c c  c c   cc

c c   c c     c c c    c 5 c  c   

c c    c   c c    c c c

cc c  c c c  c ccc ccccc cc "cñ c cc c c  c    c c c cc 

 c c?9 c c  c 

  c c 

c c 5c   c  c  c c c c     c  c  c   c   c c c 25& c%

c   c .  c ( c c  c8c

c

+1c

4cc
cc'2c4c

c c /c c c c c c *>c   >cc c!/$ c Ãc / c

Ãc

Ñ cyp calctaskscofccomputercv s onc 4ccccc*c*/cccccc/c $c c c c  c c *c c c *>c c c *c /c c c /c c  c c 6c c c c/cccc* c

Ñ  Ñc ecogn t onc 2cc*ccc/>ccccc/cc c c c c c c c c c c c c *@>c >cc/ c2cccc*c/c*cccc*c c >c *c c c c c /c c c /c c c c 8c*c*@cc*c c2c6ccccc c*ccc*c/ccccc*@>ccccc *@c !  >c $>c c >c c c  c >c c />c c c c >c c *c c c c  c >c*>ccccc*@c/ccc c 5c/cccc*cc*ccc8c

¦ecogn t on:c c c /c  c c c *@c c *@c c c*cc cc cc 5cccc cc5cccc c Ãc Ident f cat on:c c /c c c c *@c c c c cccc/ c Ãc Àetect on:c c c c c c c c c  c 468c c c *c *c c c c c c c c ccc/cccccc c5c*cc /c c c c c c c c c c cccccccc*ccc c 6c c c c c /c c c c !/c c ccccc:$>cccc c  /cc c /c c 6c c !/c c c c c c c >cccc>cc/cccc$ c Ãc osecest mat on:ccccccccc*@c /ccc cc6ccccAcc*c c c *c c c /c *@c c c /c *c c c *cc c Ãc 0pt calc characterc recogn t onc orc 0C¦):c c c c ccccc6>cccc/cccc 6ccccc*cccc6c!  c
''$ c Ãc

Ñ 
cMot onc /ccccc>cccccAccc cccccc/ccccccccccc 5c c46cccc8c Ãc Ãc

%gomot on:ccc5ccccc c rack ng:ccc/cc*@c!  c/cc$ c

Ñ  ccenecreconstruct onc =/ccc!$ccccc>ccc/>ccc cccc5cccc c'ccccccc*cc c c 5c  c %c c c c c c 5c c  c

Ñ  cImagecrestorat onc 2c c c c c c c /c c c !c >c c *>c  $c c  c 2c c *c c c c /c c /c c c c c c  c c c c  c %c c c c c c c c c c c c c >c c c ccccc c?cccccccc c c c c >c c c c c >c c c c c c*cccc ccc>cc*c/c c c /ccc*ccccc c

c

- c

4cc
cc'2c4c

Ñ cComputercv s oncsystemsc 2c ccccc* ccccc>cc 6>ccc* ccccc>c>c c *>c  c >c  c 2c c c ccc/ccccccccc cc cccccc*ccccc c2c>c/>c cccccccc/c c

Imagecac7u s t on:cc cccc*c cc/cc c >c *c /c c c  /c >c c c >c c />c >c  c >c  c 5c c c c c >c c c c c c c c 5c>cc5c/>ccccA c2c6c/cc ccccccc/cc*c!cc c c $>c *c c c *c c c /c c >c cc>c*ccccccc/>c ccc c Ãc re process ng:c?ccc/ccc*cccc c c c c 6c c c c c >c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c cc*cc c46ccc ôc . ccccccccccc  c ôc 0c c c c c c c c c c c cc c ôc
c c c c c /c c c *c  c ôc  c c c c c c c c c c Ãc eaturec extract on:c 'c c c /c /c c 6c c 6cccc c2c6cccccc ôc ">ccc c ôc "c**cc c Ãc

%c6ccc*ccc6>ccc c

- c c c


c/c - c

c

Àetect on/egmentat on8c c c c c c c c c c c *c c c c c c c c c c /c c c c46ccc ôc cccccccc ôc c c c c c c c c c c c*@cc c Ãc H gh levelc process ng:c c c c c c c c c c c c >c c 6cccccc ccc cccc c c c *@ c 2c c c c >c c 68cc ôc ,c c c c c  *c c c c c ôc 4cccc>ccc*@cc c*@cc c #  c c ?c /c c c c >c6ccc' c2cccc'c7 cc 'c c c >c 'c c c //c *c c c c c6c c!ccc'ccccccccc ccccc6$ c?c 1cccc'ccccc c *c c c /c c c c c c *c c c  c />c @c c c c >c *c c c c c c"c %c c c 1->c 'c c c c c >c c c >c c c'c7c* cc 'c c 1c c c c c 'c /c c c >c *c c *c c  c c c c c c c c>c/cc/ccc>cc>cc

-c 4cc
cc'2c4c c c c c c  c 2c c c c c /c 8c c *c c c c c !c %Dc $>c c c c c /cc**>cccccc*c'cccc ccc*>cc */c ccc c*ccc cccccc cc

Ñ
ch losophycofcIcc c >c *c c c *c *c c c c *c c c c >c c c *c c c c c c c c c cccccc*Gc'ccccc*c c c c c Gc
c c c /c cc c GccccccccccAcc/c * cc Ãc

2Dc#c/#8c% 

                      c c 2c c>cccc@ccccc*ccc */ c2cccc*ccc2c cc

Ãc

2c5c8c' 
        

 

  

    'c 2cc ccccccc5c
c c 1+>c c c c c c c c 'c  cc

Ãc

0c c Dc c *c c 8c '  
    
 
        
  'c 2c c c c c c c c c *c  c *c 5c c >c c c >c c 6c c c c c c c c *c c c c /c c ##c c c c c c 6c *c cc

Ãc

=aDc c 8c    '
  
 

   c.c)cccc ccc=aDcccccc cc

Ãc

Dc c 'c 8c 'ñ    


           
 

-c c c

cc -+c

c

      'cccccc c
cc>cccccc  cccc ccccc##cc* cc Ãc

2cc*c8cñ  
  c c%/>c .cBc c c c c c c *c c c c c  c 2c c *c c c c c *c c c c c c >c c c c c c c c c c c c c ccc* cc

Ñ cIcresearchc Ñ  ÑcroblemscofcIc 7c c c c /c c c c >c 'c c /cc/ccccc cc

!    
   4c'cc/ccccccc>c  * cccc*cccc/ccccc c?ccccc1>c'cccc /c c c c c c c c c c >cccc**cc cc 9c c *>c c c c c c Ac c c c Fc c 6c c #*c 6#8c c c c c c c c Ac *c c c c *cc*cccc/>cccccccccc cccc*c* c
/cc/ccc c *c /c c c c *c cc >c c c c >c  * c c c c 'c c c *c c  c4*c/cccccccc c c c *c /c * c 'c c c c * *c >c c c c c c '>c c *c *c c c c

--c 4cc
cc'2c4c c /c c2c*c c c*c/>c c cc ccc>ccc/ c

Ñ 
c nowledgecrepresentat onc Bc c c c c c c c 'c  c %c c c *c c c 6c c /c c Ac 6/c c *c c  c c c c c 'c c c c 8c *@>c >c c c c *c *@$c >c />c c c $c c c $c c *c c !c c c *cccc$$ccc>cccc cc c c c #c 6#c c cc !*c c c c c$>ccccccccc c cccc*cccc8c         
   8c %c c c c c c c c c c #c  #c 9c 6>c c c *c c c c />c cc c c c c c c c >c c  c 0c c c c c c *c *c c  c;c%
ccc*cc 1+1cccAc *8cccccc'cccc>c c c c *c c c *c c 6 c c c c c c c c c c c c *c c A c 'c c c 6cc*ccccc* cc Ãc
 
   8c %c c c c c Dc c c ##cc##ccccccc c2ccc c c c c c c c c c c *c c c * * c 2c c c >ccc/cc6cccc cc ccc*ccc>cccccc 'ccccc/ccccccc  c Ãc ñ   
    8c2c*ccccc c /cc cc c.c @cc c c*cccc*ccc>ccc
>c Ac c c c c  * c c cFcc c*c*>c*c>cccccc  cc

Ãc

--c c c

cc -c

c

Ñ  clann ngc 'ccc*c*ccccc/c c2ccccc /cc*c*ccccc#6#cc6 c Ãc /c >c c c c !*c *c c c c c c *c >c c c c *c c 6c c c c c $>c c c !/c c c c c  c6>c/ccccccc cccc$ c Ãc .c 8c c c c c c c c c cc *c  c !2c c *c c ccc$ c

Ãc

2ccccccccccc c*ccccccccc c

Ñ  cNaturalclanguagecprocess ngc 0ccc/ccc*cccccc cc*c c%cccccc c c c c c c *c *c c Ac c c c

*c  c c
 cc!ñc

c c cc cc ccc  cc c5 c    c   c c  c c  

c c  c  c  c c ccc   cc &    ñc c c   c c  c c c !c!c c : c c   c c c c  c c c  " c  c @c  cc  c c    c c  - c " c  c  c  c c  c c  c  c cc  cc  c c c cc cc

c x
* 0&. 

    
  

Ñ 3 Î
.  .  l  !c c 
c c 
c c  c c   

c  c c   c c   c   c cc  c5 c ccc cc  c  c  " c  c c  c c c  c6c 8 c 6 & c  c c c,  c ) " c ? c %c c  c   

c  c c  c c c ñ  c 5 c c  c c c . c
c c cc

*c c c

  cc

c

4
c

c x
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 :

   =     

Ñ 3 :   l .l A# 6c 

c  c c  

c c 

c c c c 
c !c

  cc c cc

cccc cc c  c  c  c ñc   c  c  c c  c    8c
%?c 5 c c %!ñc c c c  c  c c c c   c, c )cc c  c c!c# c c   c!#c c#8(7!#c
c  c    c )  c 5 c c c 2c c c  c

c " c c c  c -c c c  c  "c c c   c c c c c   c c  c c  c  c

c    c   ccc cñ c   cc  c    c   c  c    c c   c cc c ccc   c c c c#8 c

c 5  #c c  c  c ñ c   c  c c
 c % c ?

c  c c c c c  c cc5  c  cccc4
c > c!c ?"c2cc5 c, c%
 c cc cc cc  c c c  c c  c  c  c  c c c 

c c   c  cc c c  

c c c c c c c   c ) c   c c5 c 5!>c  c c  c c  c  c c c c  c c   c c" c

c

 c

4cc
cc'2c4c

>ccc c"cccccccc c #/c c 4*c c c c 4c c c c c /ccccc)cccccc  cc ##c*c'c .cc%'2c !cc%/c %c cc)$c c c /c c *c c/c c c c c Ac  c c Cc c c c c c c c c c c !c $c c c c c c c c c*/ c.cc*cc# #cc c ##c !c c c c ##c c c
%#c c$>c c c c c c *c c c c c c *c !c c 5c "Dc
$c c c *c *c c c ccc cc Bc*c'c 7c c c c c *c /*c c 1->c c c c c c *c c *cc c 'c  c 2c #c /#c c c c /c c c c 6c c !c *c 4c 9*$>c c ccc c c 'c c2cc /c c c /c *c c c c c c *c /c c c c c c c c c c c >c c c c c c c c cc  c )cccccccc*>cccc ccccc>cccc c c.*cc c /c *c c c *@c cc c c c  c %cccccc*ccc cc*>cccc##cc#cc*#cccc c c c c c c c c !c #c c c #$ c c ccccc#*c#ccccccc cc

 c c c

cc  c c c /c c c c c c c c c c 11>c *c c c cccccc*cc*cc ccccccccccccccc c c c *c  c 2c c c *c /c c >c *c @c c >c c c /c c c >c c c c c  c (c c *c c c c cccccc//ccc!c c $ c 9c c /c c c c c c !c cc c c c c c *c c c *c ccc*cc c9c6>ccccccc >c c /c c c c c c c  c 2c c /ccccccc'c c )c c c c c c c c c c c *c cc c Ãc 9 cccccccAcc>ccc 6c c *c *@>c c >c c c c c c  c Ãc 9cccc

Ãc

c

c

4cc
cc'2c4c

2c! $cc9c!$ c9cc8cc$cc>c/cc c c c !c c /c c $$c c $c *c$ccc cc

Ñ  cClass f erscandcstat st calclearn ngcmethodsc 2c c 'c c c *c /c c c 8c c !#c c c #$cc c!#cccc #$ c
c c /c ccc*cc>ccccc ccccc'c c
c c c c cc c c c c c  c 2cc*cccc6>ccc/c/cccc ' c2c6cccc*/cc c'c/c>c cc*ccccc cccc*ccccc c c c *c  c c c */c *c c c c *c c cccc c 7c c c */c c />c c */c c c *c c /c 6 c c c c *c c c /c $c c c c cccc c c cc c cc/*>c c ccc c  c
c c c c c c c c c c c *c  c2ccccccc*ccc/c*$ccc ccccc#cc#c c,ccc/c*c cccccccccccc ccc c5cc*cccc/c *cc/cccccc c 2cccccccc>K &Lccccc cc/c>K & Lc c*c>K & Lc=c6c >K &Lc /c ?c >K &&Lc c c  K &Lc 2c c c

c c c

  cc 4c c  c

 

ccc  c  ccc c c

  c " / .0cc  c c cc    cc c

  c c

Ñ 3 Ñ8 &l -" ñc c c   c  c  " c c c c c  c c c !c

  c c c!cc .
c7 "c. c cc c c 

 cc  c c6  c cc"  c c c  c    c c *c c c  c c 

c c  c  "c

  c c    c c  c c c c 4
c ñc)  c c c c c  c "c c 

c  cc, c)  cc 4c

c x
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 c  "c    c c c c  c c c   c c "cc c  c "ccâ  c   -c c c    c 

c  c  " c 2 c  " c  c c  c c  c c  c  c c : c  c )c  c  c  c c c c c c c )  c ñ c % c c

 cc  c cc  cc

Ñ , Al      l ll   c   cc c 

cc cccc c c  cc c   c  "c c  c   c c  c    c c  c 7 :c c c :c  c   c  c c  c  c   c    c   c c  c   c  c c!c  c !c c  c  c  c c  c c

c

c

4cc
cc'2c4c

Ñc Human computerc nteract onc ñ 
   
     
x  


       
  
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Human±computerc nteract oncc HCIcccccc*cc !$cc c'ccccccccc>c */c >c c c /cc c c  c 'c *c c c c c c c c c !c c  
$>c c c *c c c >c c 6>c  c c cc cc>cccccc c 2cccc/c*cccc
c%8c ' 
 
      
 

                  
 
          #      'c ?c  c c c c c c c c c @>c c c c c c c *c c c c c c  c (c c c >c Ac c c >c c >cc>cc/c/cc/ c(c c c >cc >c c c c c >c >c c >c /c >c c c c c / c 4c c c c c c / c 5c c c ccc
'>cccc*c*ccc  c />c ccc c /cc cc/c *>cc *c c *c 


'c c c c c c c man± mach nec nteract oncMMI) cccomputer±humanc nteract oncCHI) cc

Ñ Ñcoalsc c*ccc
'ccc/ccc*cccc*c ccc*cc/cccDc c>c
'c cc8c

c c c

 cc +c

c Ãc

Ãc Ãc Ãc Ãc

cccccc!  >c/cccc ccc>ccc*c*ccc/c>c c c c c c c c c c c !c c $c c *c c c c  c  c
'c c c c c c c c c c c c c c /c  c c c >c c c c c c c c c c c c c cccccccc>cccccc c*cc cc

Ñ cÀes gncpr nc plesc 7c /c c cc >c c c c c c >c c c ccccccc6cc8c Ãc

4ccc!$cc!$8c4*ccccccc c c !$c c c c c c c c *$c

c

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4cc
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ccc/ccc>cccccccc c>cccccc/c c'c>ccc!$cc cc*cccccc!$ccc*c c Ãc 4c 8c 2c c c c c c c c c cccccccc/c*>c/ cBc ccccc*ccccc/ccccc ccccccc c c4*c A/c*ccc8cc*ccccc !$>c c c c c c !$>c c c *c c c c cc!$ c Ãc '/c 8c c c c >c >c c c cc>cccc/cc8c c

c  c & c

5cccc 2c c  c c c  c

Ñ cÀes gncmethodolog esc c *c c /c c c Ac c Cc c c /c c c c c c c c c c 1 c %c c cc cc c c c >c>ccc c  c 4c >c c 6>c c Dc /c c c *c c A*c c c c c c c c /c c c c c c c c c c c cc c%cccccccc*cc /c *c >c >c c c c c c c cc*cccccc6cccc/>cc ccc6cccc c Ãc

ser centeredc des gn8c  c c !#
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-c c c

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c

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>c cc9* cc

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c "c c  c c I'c c c cc

Ñ cÀ splaycdes gnc 5c c ccccccc c/c c /*c cc c cc cc c?cc cc>ccccccccccc*cc !  c/>c>cc >c>c>c  $ ccc c c c*c *ccc /ccccc c c$c>cccc*ccccc cccccc>cc>cc c

HI¦%%Nc¦INCI+%c0cÀI+;cÀ%IN c 2ccccccccc*cc c c c Ac c >c c c c >c c c c c c c c c ccccc*ccc*c/cccccccccccc ccc ccc c2cc c*cccc c c c ccc c*ccccc ccc/c c

erceptualcr nc plesc Ñ  ' 
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1c 4cc
cc'2c4c c cUc*cccccccc*c c'cc c c *@c *c c c *c *>c c c c c/cccc c c c $ c 2c c /*c c c c*c/ c )ñ 
 c c c c /c c c c c c c c 6c *c c c Uc c 6 c 'c c c c c c c c Uc 6>c c c /c c c c c c c *c c c ccccc c * 
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   c c c c c *c c c c *c  c 2c c c c ccccccc*c c9c6>c& ?1cc ccc & ?cc1 ccc1 c#cc cc*c /ccccc*c c

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c 5/c c *c c c c c *c c c c ccc c2ccc*cccccc c/ccc6 c'cccc*c>ccc *c /c c c c !  c c 6>c c *c c >c >c>c $ c />ccc6cc*cc*cc cc c Ñ 
  
c c c c c c c c c c  c 9c 6>c /c c c c c *c c c c ccc/cccc c

Memorycr nc plesc ÑÑ
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1 c 4cc
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c (c *c c c c c c c c c c c c ccc c ccc c  cc Uc c c ccccc6cc*c cccccc ccc c /c  c >c c *c /c >c >c >c c c  c 5c c c /c c *c*c*ccccccccccc/ c H ghc funct onal tyc systemsc c c /c c *c c c cc c2cc*cccccc>ccc  >ccc/ccccccccc!  >cc c$ c Masscava lab l tyc ofc computerc graph csc
c c *c c c c >c c >c >c c /c c c *c c c 6/c c *c /*c c c c c c M xedc med ac c c c >c />c >c />c 6>c c  c 2c c *c 6*c /c c c c  c 2c c c c c c!  >cc>c,
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1c 4cc
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Ñ comecnotesconcterm nologyc Ãc

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Intu t veccNatural cccccc*ccc *c #/#c c ##c c >c c c *c c /c c c c  c %c c c
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Ñ cHuman±computerc nterfacec 2c Cc c c *c *c c c c c c *c c c c c c  c 2c c c c *c c ccccccccc c2cccc c/cccc8c

askc%nv ronment8c2ccccccc c Mach nec%nv ronment8c2c /ccc ccc  ccccccDcc c Ãc reasc ofc thec Interface8c 0 /c c //c c c c c c c c c c c  c 7c c /c >cc c/c cc cc cc c Ãc Ãc

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cccccccc*ccc c!ccc$cFc/cc*ccccc *c * c 2c Ac c c /c c c c c c c c c  c 'c c c c c c c /c c c c c c c *c c c /cccc6 c '/ccAccc*c/c*cc/8cc6>c ccc*ccccccccc*c c c c c c 6c c  c 7c c c c c A>c%2cc/cccccccc>cccc cc/ccccc*cc#c# c />ccc c*cccccccAcccc>cc cc6cc*cccc c

Ñ ÑcH storyc 2cccccc*cc*cc -c c'c + 1>c.Yc 5ccc/c>ccA/ccccc cc* c'cc 1>cc7c7c''>c2c=c6c ! 1&$c //c  c c c /c 6c.c c c 4 c2c 6c cc ccc cc c c c*c cc c c2ccccccc /c>cccc*cc/c* c .c c c c >c />c c c c ")
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Ñ  c%xample basedc

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Ñ cppl cat onsc 2ccccccccc>c/cc c>cc8c E2.0>c c c *c =c c c ,Dc ?*c 9c Ãc )>ccccc/cc, cc( c

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c X Mc 4c c c /c c c  &  c /c c  c '?%Dc ?"4# &c c c  1&c !c +$c c c c *c c 0c 'c c c c 2 c#c%ccccc*ccccc c c *c c c=c c c c c >c  Accccc4>c=>cc9c*c c 7ccccc>cccccc#cc/c *c/ccc c c ccc c%  -ñc!c/cc>ccc*cc#c'c
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cc c ccc

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Ñ c%valuat onc 2c c /c c c /c c c c  c  c 2c c c c c c c @c c c c Dc A c 4/ccc/cc >cccccc*cc cccccc *ccc cc cc/cc?"4#>c0'2cc%424(. c .c 6/c c c c c c c c c ccccc6 *>ccccccc c Ac c c 6c c c c 6 c 4/c c  c c c c c  c 2>c c c c c  ccc*cc**cAccccc>ccc *c/ccc*cc c 'c>c/>c*ccccc>c  ccc cccc>cc *c ccc ccccAccc/ c

c

c

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4cc
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Ñc peechcrecogn t onc peechc recogn t onc !c c c automat cc speechc recogn t onc c computerc speechc recogn t on$c /c c c c  *c c !c 6>cc>ccc*ccccccc$ c2c c#/c#ccc*cccccc>c*cc ccccc>ccccccc >cccccc*c c

cÑ ÑcH storyc (c c c c *c c c c c c c c ccc#ccc*ccccccccc c c c !%2$ c c c c 6>c c c >c c c !.$c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c >c c c c c  c'cccccc.ccccccc c >c c *c c />c c Ac c c c c c cccc>cccccccc c  c 2c *c c c c c c >c />c c c c c  c 2c c c /c c c c /cccAc@ccc*c/c*cccc*c cc*ccc cccc*cc6/cc ccAc*ccc cc/cccc c ccc.cccc*c#c6c#ccc c  c c #c c #c c c c   c 4c c c c c c c c c c cc c

Ñ
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cccccccccc c

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c c c

cc &c c 6c c c c c c c c c c c c >cc/c/cc*c*ccc c c c c *c c c  c c * c c c c c c 9 4c.cccc/cccc c>cc c c c c c *cccccccc c'c/cccc %2  c ? 4c.cc5c.cccc/cccccc >c c c /c c c c c  c c c c cccccccA>cccccc*cccc *c/cc*ccc* c

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cM l taryc a         *cc/c*c/ccccccccc/cc c c c c  c (c c c c c #  c c c cccc/c9c2c'c!92'$ 9 +c c !9 +c ,'2$>c c c c 9c c c c c c c %c >c c c c c #Bc c c c /c c c  c 'c c >c c c c c c >c c  c c c c c >c c c c  c =>c c /c >c c /*c /c*c c>c cc @c c c*c/ccccccccccc*c4ccccc c'c c/ccccc*cccccc *c6 ccc/*>cc*/c>ccc6>ccc*c 6cc/ccc* c 2c 4c 2c c c /c c c #Bc .9c c c  c >c   c c Ac c c c c c  c 2c ccccccccccc>cccc c c c c c >c *c c c c c c c c c c c,cccc*c/c cc* c 2cccccc@cccccccc>cc /cccccccccccc/cc cccccccc/c c

a    2c*cc/ccccccccc ccc c /cc cccc c / c2c c c*ccc c/ccc c />c c c*ccccc/c*cc*ccccc cccc>cccccccc c *ccc/cc/c*ccccccc c c c c c c >c *c *c c #  c c/c.cc5/c/c!,.5$cc*cc.c c 4*c !.4$c c c #B c 7c c 9c c c c

c c c

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c c c c c c Ac c *c c /c c *>c c c  *c/ccccccccccc c

c c c *c /c c c c c *c /c c c c / cc*ccc/c*ccccc /*c  c cccccc ccccc c ccccccccc c 2c #  c 0/c 2c 4Ac
c c c c *c c /c cc 2
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c  c .c c 9c c c c c c c c c c 2
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c Ñ
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cc /ccc!  >c9c$c 2c!  c/c0/c$c
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cc.c

Ñ cpeechcrecogn t oncsystemsc Ñ  ÑcH ddencMarkovcmodelcbasedcspeechcrecogn t on c

1c 4cc
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