English Etymology 1898

ENGLISH ETYMOLOGY BY

F.

KLUGE

A.ND

F.

LUTZ

V

ENGLISH ETYMOLOGY.

ENGLISH ETYMOLOGY.

A SELECT GLOSSARY SERVING AS AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY

OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

BY

F.

KLUGE

AND F.

LUTZ

"

.'„

STRASSBURG TR BN ER

KARL

J.

1898.

'

•>

Printed by G.

Otto,

Darmstadt.

K7/

-C^-

PREFACE. Our primer of English Etymology an introduction English.

meant

to

serve as

study of the historical grammar of manifold the advantages which the student

to

However

is

tlie

may derive from Professor Skeat's Etymological Dictionary, it cannot be denied that it does not commend itself as a

Though it is a work of deep research, and admirable completeness, the linguistic sagacity, _ laws underlying the various changes of form and meaning < are not brought out clearly enough to be easily grasped by book

for beginners.

brilliant

Q ^

We

the uninitiated.

"^

with a small

^ o

into

therefore propose to furnish the student

and concise book enabling him

the main linguistic phenomena.

to Professor

Skcat,

We

are

to get

an insight

greatly indebted

of whose excellent work

we have made

a great deal of material, which we ample As our aim has of course not hereby thankfully acknowledge. been to produce a book in any way comparable to our predeuse, drawing from

it

of detail and general completeness, ourselves to merely selecting all words the history of which bears on the development of the language at We have therefore, in the first place, traced back to the large. cessor's

work

in fulness

we have confined

older

periods

loanwords of Scandinavian, French and Latin

and such genuine English words as may atTord matter for linguistic investigation. In this vav we hope to have provided a basis for every historical grammar of English, e.g. for origin

Sweet's History of English Sounds.

,'51498^:

VI

Preface.

If

our

we may be allowed to give a hint as book, we should advise the teacher

to

little

the use of

to

make

it

a

point to always deal with a whole group of words at a time. Special interest attaches for instance to words of early Christian to the names of festivals and the days of the week; besides these the names of the various parts of the house and of the materials used in building, the words for cattle and the

origin,

various kinds of meat, for eating

and drinking,

etc.

might be

the subject of a suggestive discussion. On treating etymology in tliis way, the teacher will have the advantage of

made

converting a lesson on the growth of the English language into an inquiry into the history of the Anglo-Saxon race, thus lending to a naturally dry subject a fresh

charm and a deeper meaning. due to Professor 'W. who has placed many words

In conclusion, our best thanks are

Franz

and

of Tubingen University, at our disposal and assisted us in various

etymologies

other ways.

Freiburg

i.

B.

F.

KLUGE —

F.

LUTZ.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. T=

accusative case

=:

adjective

ace. adj.

RKKT. = Breton CKLT. =: Celtic

CORN.

rr

cp.

Cynir.

Cynuic (Welsh)

= Danish = dative case ^ derived, derivative f]er(iv). diniin. = diminutive DU. = Dutch E. = modern English ciat.

= =

(fein.)

frequent.

—

KKIKS. (;.

frequentative

—

Liael.

rr

GOTH.

(iothic

= Greek Icel. = Icelandic

= —

mfl.

=

IT.M..

I.AT.

Hi.

=r

mood

interjection

—

Latin

Geim.ui

Old Slovenian

plural

p.

rr

proL).

:—

—

jiast

paiticijde

prohaldv

pronoun

—

prop. projterly I'Kov. =: Provencal =; preterite, past tense

si).

=

SKR.

Russian

=r substantive

=

Sansk-rit

SHAN. =: Spanish superl.

Italian

Low

OSI.OV. =:

pit.

Irish

= —

= oldique case = Old Dutch OKK. = Old French OH(i. = Old High (icrman OIR. = Old Irish ON. = Old Norse ONKR. — Old North JMench orig. = original, originally OSAX. = Old Saxon

KUSS.

inHected

=

inlerj. IR.

inlinitive

neuter

ouu.

pion.

genitive case

OK.

inl.

—

(neiiti.)

nom. =1 nominative

p.

(lernian

Gaelic

=•

n.

|d,

Friesic

modern

=:

gen.

feminine

French

KR. =r

Middle English

old.

Dan.

f.

=

ME.

compare 3=

I^ithuanian

MHG. -r Middle High German

= conjunction — Cornish

coiij.

literally

=

rr masculine

ni.

adverb

=:

adv.

=

lit.

LITH

— =

superlative

Swedish TKUT. =1 Teutonic SWfCD.

vb.

=

verb

of Symbols in Teutonic Words.

List

\'|[[

LIST OF SYMBOLS IN ?'

(not umlauted)

riJge.

spiraiitic

palatalized

i^,

E. th.

words

=

E. th.

?f.

,

root.

indicates

a

existence

is

word

or form not actnallv

inferred.

found,

Init

of which the

a^,

an

about MK.

indef. article me. a an,

OK. an: ident. \vith one.

a- ME. a: idcnt.

^onbutan;

with on

(cp.

abash

short

j

for me. abaisshc

ahaischc (aba'isse)

:

above

I

hack, abroad^. abase; cp. base.

aboute

but

cp. jie.

OE.

for

dbiltan

OE. biitan.

above earlier abiifen

OE. dbu/an', akin to a. oben oho. obaiia 'from above'; cp. over.

me. abriggc abregge of OFR, abrigier abregier (source lat. ^^i^r