English Common Error rules.ppt

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He has given me advices.

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The Indian team defeated the English by innings.

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I have to tell you two news.

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The scenery of Kashmir are enchanting.

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Rule: Some nouns always take a singular verb Scenery advice machinery stationery furniture abuse fuel rice gram issue bedding re!air news mischief !oetry business economics !hysics mathematics classics ethics athletics innings gallows.

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Some nouns always take a singular verb" Scenery advice machinery stationery furniture abuse fuel rice gram issue bedding re!air news mischief !oetry business economics !hysics mathematics classics ethics athletics innings gallows. He has given me advice. The Indian team defeated the English by an innings. I have to tell you two !ieces of news. The scenery of Kashmir is enchanting.

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The cattle is gra#ing in the ground.

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The clergy is in the church

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The cattle is gra#ing in the ground. The cattle are gra#ing in the ground. The clergy is in the church The clergy are in the church.

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Some nouns are singular in form but they are used as !lural forms and always take a !lural verb. $attle gentry vermin !easantry artillery !eo!le clergy !olice !oultry electorate.

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Some nouns are singular in form but they are used as !lural forms and always take a !lural verb. $attle gentry vermin !easantry artillery !eo!le clergy !olice. The cattle is gra#ing in the ground. The cattle are gra#ing in the ground. The clergy is in the church The clergy are in the church

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%here is my trousers&

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S!ectacles is now a costly item.

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%here is my trousers& %here are my trousers& S!ectacles is now a costly item. S!ectacles are now a costly item.

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Some nouns are always used in the !lural form and always take a !lural verb. Trousers scissors s!ectacles stockings shorts measles goods alms !remises thanks annals tidings chattels etc.

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Some nouns are always used in the !lural form and always take a !lural verb. Trousers scissors s!ectacles stockings shorts measles goods alms !remises thanks annals tidings chattels etc. %here is my trousers& %here are my trousers& S!ectacles is now a costly item. S!ectacles are now a costly item.

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It's a four years degree course.

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I have ten do#ens of shoes.

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It's a four years degree course. It's a four year degree course.

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I have ten do#ens of shoes. I have ten do#en of shoes.

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There are some nouns that indicate length measure money weight or number. %hen they are !receded by a numerical they remain unchanged in form. (oot meter !air score thousand million etc.

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do#en

year

hundred

There are some nouns that indicate length measure money weight or number. %hen they are !receded by a numerical they remain unchanged in form. (oot meter !air score thousand million etc. It's a four years degree course. It's a four year degree course. I have ten do#ens of shoes. I have ten do#en of shoes.

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do#en

year

hundred

The )ury was divided in this case.

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The team have not come as yet.

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The )ury was divided in this case. The )ury were divided in this case.

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The team have not come as yet. The team has not come as yet.

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$ollective nouns such as )ury !ublic team committee government audience com!any etc. are used both as singular and !lural de!ending on the meaning. %hen these words indicate a unit the verb is singular otherwise the verb will be !lural.

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$ollective nouns such as )ury !ublic team committee government audience com!any etc. are used both as singular and !lural de!ending on the meaning. %hen these words indicate a unit the verb is singular otherwise the verb will be !lural. The )ury was divided in this case. The )ury were divided in this case. The team have not come as yet. The team has not come as yet.

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Some nouns have one meaning in the singular and another in the !lural. *dvice

+

counsel

advices

+

information

*ir

+

atmos!here

airs

+

!roud

*uthority

+

command

authorities

+

!ersons in !ower

Iron

+

metal

irons

+

chains

$ontent

+

satisfaction

contents

+

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things contained

*ir is necessary for human life. It is bad to !ut on airs.

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,ne must finish his task in time.

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,ne must finish his task in time. ,ne must finish one's task in time.

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The !ronoun -one' must be followed by one's.

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The !ronoun -one' must be followed by one's. ,ne must finish his task in time. ,ne must finish one's task in time.

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Each student must bring their books.

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Each student must bring their books. Each student must bring his books.

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* !ronoun must agree with its antecedent in !erson number and gender.

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* !ronoun must agree with its antecedent in !erson number and gender. Every man must bring his his luggage.  luggage. $orrect/ Each of the girls must carry her her own  own bag. $orrect/ *ll students must do their their home  home work. $orrect/

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* !ronoun must agree with its antecedent in !erson number and gender. Every man must bring his his luggage.  luggage. $orrect/ Each of the girls must carry her her own  own bag. $orrect/ *ll students must do their their home  home work. $orrect/ Each student must bring their books. Each student must bring his books.

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%hom do you think won the award&

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%hom do you think won the award& %ho do you think won the award&

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%ho are you talking to&

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%ho are you talking to& %hom are you talking to&

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-%ho' denotes the sub)ect and -whom' is used for the ob)ect.

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-%ho' denotes the sub)ect and -whom' is used for the ob)ect. %hom do you think won the award& %ho do you think won the award& %ho are you talking to& %hom are you talking to&

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Either Ram or Ra) will give their book.

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Either Ram or Ra) will give their book. Either Ram or Ra) will give his book.

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0either Ramesh nor Suresh has done their work.

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0either Ramesh nor Suresh has done their work. 0either Ramesh nor Suresh has done his work.

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%hen two are more singular nouns )oined together by -either or' " -neither nor' and -or' the !ronoun is singular.

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%hen two are more singular nouns )oined together by -either or' " -neither nor' and -or' the !ronoun is singular. Either Ram or Ra) will give their book. Either Ram or Ra) will give his book. 0either Ramesh nor Suresh has done their work. 0either Ramesh nor Suresh has done his work.

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Either the engineer or his mechanics failed in his duty.

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Either the engineer or his mechanics failed in his duty. Either the engineer or his mechanics failed in their duty.

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%hen a singular and a !lural noun are )oined by -or'  -nor' the !ronoun must be according to closer noun.

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%hen a singular and a !lural noun are )oined by -or'  -nor' the !ronoun must be !lural. Either the engineer or his mechanics failed in his duty. Either the engineer or his mechanics failed in their duty.

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%hat book do you read&

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%hat book do you read& %hich book do you read&

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-%hose' is used for living !ersons and -which' is used for lifeless ob)ects.

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-%hose' is used for living !ersons and -which' is used for lifeless ob)ects. %hich book  did you select& correct/ %hose !hotogra!h is lying there& correct/

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-%hose' is used for living !ersons and -which' is used for lifeless ob)ects. %hich book  did you select& correct/ %hose !hotogra!h is lying there& correct/ %hat book do you read& %hich book do you read&

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Romeo and 1uliet loved one another.

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Romeo and 1uliet loved one another. Romeo and 1uliet loved each another.

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Those five friends who are sitting there love each another.

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Those five friends who are sitting there love each another. Those five friends who are sitting there love one another.

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*ll the students of the class are friendly" they love each another.

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*ll the students of the class are friendly" they love each another. *ll the students of the class are friendly" they love one another. SSCTUBE.COM

-Each other' is used when there are two sub)ects or ob)ects and -one another' when there are more than two.

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-Each other' is used when there are two sub)ects or ob)ects and -one another' when there are more than two. Romeo and 1uliet loved one another. Romeo and 1uliet loved each another. Those five friends who are sitting there love each another. Those five friends who are sitting there love one another. *ll the students of the class are friendly" they love each another. *ll the students of the class are friendly" they love one another.

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-Some' is used in affirmative sentences to e2!ress 3uantity or degree. -*ny' is used in negative or interrogative sentences.

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-Some' is used in affirmative sentences to e2!ress 3uantity or degree. -*ny' is used in negative or interrogative sentences. I shall buy some a!!les. $orrect/ I shall not buy any a!!les. $orrect/ Have you bought any a!!les& $orrect/

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4ut some may be correctly used in interrogative sentences which are in fact re3uests.

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4ut some may be correctly used in interrogative sentences which are in fact re3uests. %ill you !lease give me some milk. $orrect/

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-Some' is used in affirmative sentences to e2!ress 3uantity or degree. -*ny' is used in negative or interrogative sentences. I shall read any book.

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-Some' is used in affirmative sentences to e2!ress 3uantity or degree. -*ny' is used in negative or interrogative sentences. I shall read any book. I shall read some book.

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-Some' is used in affirmative sentences to e2!ress 3uantity or degree. -*ny' is used in negative or interrogative sentences.

Have you bought some a!!les&

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-Some' is used in affirmative sentences to e2!ress 3uantity or degree. -*ny' is used in negative or interrogative sentences.

Have you bought some a!!les& Have you bought any a!!les&

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-Some' is used in affirmative sentences to e2!ress 3uantity or degree. -*ny' is used in negative or interrogative sentences. I shall read any book. I shall read some book. Have you bought some a!!les& Have you bought any a!!les&

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0o less than fifty !ersons were killed.

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0o less than fifty !ersons were killed. 0o fewer than fifty !ersons were killed.

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There are no fewer than five liters of water in the )ug.

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There are no fewer than five liters of water in the )ug. There are no less than five liters of water in the )ug.

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5se of -less' and -fewer'  6ess denotes 3uantity and fewer denotes number.

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5se of -less' and -fewer'  6ess denotes 3uantity and fewer denotes number. 0o less than fifty !ersons were killed. 0o fewer than fifty !ersons were killed. There are no fewer than five liters of water in the )ug. There are no less than five liters of water in the )ug.

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Shelly is )unior than %ordsworth.

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Shelly is )unior than %ordsworth. Shelly is )unior to %ordsworth.

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I !refer reading than slee!ing.

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I !refer reading than slee!ing. I !refer reading to slee!ing.

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0ormally -than' is used in the com!arative degree but with words like su!erior inferior senior )unior anterior !osterior and !refer -to' is used.

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0ormally -than' is used in the com!arative degree but with words like su!erior inferior senior )unior anterior !osterior and !refer -to' is used. Shelly is )unior than %ordsworth. Shelly is )unior to %ordsworth. I !refer reading than slee!ing. I !refer reading to slee!ing.

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He is stronger than any man.

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He is stronger than any man. He is stronger than any other man.

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He is stronger than any man. He is stronger than any other man. -*ny man' includes the man himself and thus the sentence will be absurd.

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%hen a com!arison is made by using a com!arative followed by -than' the word -other' must be used to e2clude the thing com!ared form the class of thing with which it is com!ared. He is stronger than any man. He is stronger than any other man. -*ny man' includes the man himself and thus the sentence will be absurd.

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The climate of Ranchi is better than 7aya.

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The climate of Ranchi is better than 7aya. Here the com!arison should be between the climate of Ranchi and the climate of 7aya. The climate of Ranchi is better than the climate of 7aya.

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In some cases com!arison is subtle and must be given !ro!er attention. The climate of Ranchi is better than 7aya. Here the com!arison should be between the climate of Ranchi and the climate of 7aya. The climate of Ranchi is better than the climate of 7aya. The climate of Ranchi is better than that of 7aya. -That of' means -the climate of' 

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8any a man were drowned in the sea.

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8any a man were drowned in the sea. 8any a man was drowned in the sea.

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-8any a' is always followed by a singular verb. 8any a man were drowned in the sea. 8any a man was drowned in the sea.

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4read and butter make a good breakfast.

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4read and butter make a good breakfast. 4read and butter makes a good breakfast.

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%hen two singular nouns are )oined by -and' !oint out the same thing or the !erson the verb will be singular. 4read and butter make a good breakfast. 4read and butter makes a good breakfast.

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It is one of the im!ortant day in my life.

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It is one of the im!ortant day in my life. It is one of the im!ortant days in my life.

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-,ne of always !lural noun after it. It is one of the im!ortant day in my life. It is one of the im!ortant days in my life.

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He not only comes for swimming but also for coaching the learners.

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He not only comes for swimming but also for coaching the learners. He comes not only for swimming but also for coaching the learners.

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5se of -not only' and -but also': He not only comes for swimming but also for coaching the learners. He comes not only for swimming but also for coaching the learners. The e2!ression -not only' must be !laced before the right word otherwise the meaning changes. Here this e2!ression is meant for swimming and not for coming.

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I had scarcely entered the room than the !hone rang.

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I had scarcely entered the room than the !hone rang. I had scarcely entered the room when the !hone rang.

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-Scarcely' and -hardly' are followed by -when' and not by -than'. I had scarcely entered the room than the !hone rang. I had scarcely entered the room when the !hone rang.

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Though is !oor but he is honest.

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Though is !oor but he is honest. Though is !oor yet he is honest.

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-Though' is followed by -yet' and not by -but'. Though is !oor but he is honest. Though is !oor yet he is honest.

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0o sooner had I entered the class when the students stood u!.

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0o sooner had I entered the class when the students stood u!. 0o sooner had I entered the class than the students stood u!.

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-0o sooner' is followed by -than'. 0o sooner had I entered the class when the students stood u!. 0o sooner had I entered the class than the students stood u!.

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Read regularly lest you will fail.

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Read regularly lest you will fail. Read regularly lest you should fail.

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-6est' must be followed by -should'. Read regularly lest you will fail. Read regularly lest you should fail.

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5nless you do not work hard you will not !ass.

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5nless you do not work hard you will not !ass. 5nless you work hard you will not !ass.

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5nless e2!resses a condition. It is always used in the negative sense. Thus -not' is never used with unless. 5nless you do not work hard you will not !ass. 5nless you work hard you will not !ass.

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%ait here until I do not return.

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%ait here until I do not return. %ait here until I return.

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5ntil e2!resses time. It has a negative sense. Thus -not' should never be used with it. %ait here until I do not return. %ait here until I return.

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He behaves as if he was a king.

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He behaves as if he was a king. He behaves as if he were a king.

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*s if is used to e2!ress a sense of !retension. %hen as if is used in this sense -were' is used in all cases even with the third !erson singular. He behaves as if he was a king. He behaves as if he were a king.

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He saw that the clock has sto!!ed.

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He saw that the clock has sto!!ed. He saw that the clock had sto!!ed.

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The sense of time and sense * !ast tense in the !rinci!al clause is followed by a !ast tense in the subordinate clause. He saw that the clock has sto!!ed. He saw that the clock had sto!!ed.

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The sense of time and sense * !ast tense in the !rinci!al clause is followed by a !ast tense in the subordinate clause. Two e2ce!tions: 9/* !ast tense in the !rinci!al clause may followed by a !resent tense in the subordinate clause when it e2!resses a universal truth. The teacher observed that the Earth moved round the Sun.

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The sense of time and sense * !ast tense in the !rinci!al clause is followed by a !ast tense in the subordinate clause. Two e2ce!tions: 9/* !ast tense in the !rinci!al clause may followed by a !resent tense in the subordinate clause when it e2!resses a universal truth. The teacher observed that the Earth moved round the Sun. The teacher observed that the Earth moves round the Sun. SSCTUBE.COM

The sense of time and sense * !ast tense in the !rinci!al clause is followed by a !ast tense in the subordinate clause. Two e2ce!tions: / %hen the subordinate clause is introduced by -than' even there is !ast tense in the main clause it may be followed by any tense re3uired by the sense in the subordinate clause. He hel!ed him more than he hel!ed his own children.

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The sense of time and sense * !ast tense in the !rinci!al clause is followed by a !ast tense in the subordinate clause. Two e2ce!tions: / %hen the subordinate clause is introduced by -than' even there is !ast tense in the main clause it may be followed by any tense re3uired by the sense in the subordinate clause. He hel!ed him more than he hel!ed his own children. He hel!ed him more than he hel!s his own children.

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