Engineering Utilities 1 - Conductors

 

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  CONDUCTORS

WIRE •

May be made of copper or aluminum metal, both of which conducts electricity, but copper is a much better conductor than aluminum and a safer option. When electricity flows from one  point to another through something somet hing such as an electrical wire, it is called conductivity

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It is a common electrical conductor. conductor. Most conductors used in building applications are classified according according to a wire gauge standard and on the cross-sectional area of the units called circular mils.

A mil is equal to 1/1000 inch, so one circular mil (cmil) is equal to the cross-sectional area of a 0.001 in diameter circle. ALUMINUN METAL

COPPER METAL

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BUILDING ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND

 

  CONDUCTORS

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Electrical conductors are either solid or stranded. Solid conductors are a single solid length of conductor called a wire.

  Stranded conductors

consist of smaller wire strands.

Small and Medium gauge electrical conductors are categorized by AWG. The AWG gauge number is inversely proportional to the cross-section diameter of the wire. AWG gauges range from no. 36 AWG through no. 0000 AWG. A smaller number identifies a thicker wire.

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  CONDUCTORS

BUSES •

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 A bus , sometimes called a bus bar , is an electrical conductor that serves as a common connection for two or more electrical circuits. Solid bars typically used for power distribution. Commonly found in panel boards, switchboards, and other power distribution equipment.

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  CONDUCTORS

CONDUCTOR MATERIALS •

In physics and electrical engineering, a conductor is an object or type of material that allows the flow of charge (electrical current) in one or more directions. Materials made of metal are common electrical conductors.

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   Silver is the best electrical conductor material because it has the least resistance of common materials. The same as Gold . Copper and Aluminum conductors are used in building conduc conductor tor (wiring) installations as a compromise between good conductivity and economy.

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 NGINEERING UTILITIES 1

 

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BUILDING ELECTRICAL ELECTRICAL MATERIALS MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT

  CONDUCTORS

CONDUCTOR INSULA INSULATION TION •

It is a process by which a conductor surrounded by insulation to prevent current leakage or short circuits. Also known as insulated wire.

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The insulation limits the flow of current between the different conductors and between the conductors to ground. It is therefore very important that the insulation has the opposite transfer properties of the conductor.

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  CONDUCTORS

CABLE •

May be made of copper or aluminum metal, both of which conducts electricity, but copper is a much better conductor than aluminum and a safer option. When electricity flows from one  point to another through something someth ing such as an electrical wire, it is called conductivity.

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It contains more than one conductor bundled together together in a factory assembly of wires. An outer sheathing encases and protects the conductor, conductor, simplifying installation of multiple wiring.

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  CONDUCTORS •

Types of sheathed cables in include clude the following:

 Nonmetallic-sheathed Cable – is  Nonmetallic-sheathed classified as type NM or NMC. NM is used in dry, indoor applications.

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Underground Feeder Cable  – are flame retardant and moisture, fungus and corrosion resistant.

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Underground Feeder Cable  – are flame retardant and moisture, fungus and corrosion resistant.

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Types of sheathed cables in include clude the following:

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 Service Entrance Cable Cable – suitable for exposed above-grade conditions.

 Armored Cable Cable – this cable contains 2 to 4 copper conductors. Armored cables are used in applications where cables will be exposed to mechanical or environmental damage under normal operating conditions. These applications include power circuits in industrial plants, commercial buildings,  processing plants and and central and and substation utility applications.

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  CONDUCTORS •

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Types of sheathed cables in include clude the following:  Metal-clad cables cables (MC ) – is similar to armored cable except it is not limited to the number sizes of conductors it can carry. Flat Conductor Cable (FCC) – It is designed to rest between the topside of a smooth continuous subfloor and carpet squares. s quares.

Thermostat Cable – is used in applications with voltages less than 30V, such as wiring to doorbells, chimes and, thermostats. thermostats.

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  CONDUCTORS

CORDS •

Cords are made of stranded conductors within a flexible insulated sheathing materials.

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They are designed for flexibility and bending.

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They are used on power tools, large stationary equipment, or detachable computer power cords.

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BUILDING BUILD ING ELECTRIC ELECTRICAL AL MATERIA MATERIALS LS AND AND E UIPMENT UIPMENT

  CONDUCTORS

CONCEALED KNOB-AND-TUBE WIRING •

It consists of an old style wiring technique using insulated conductors strung between glass or porcelain knobs and tubes.

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K&T wiring is installed in walls or ceilings so it is concealed from view when finish materials such as plaster is applied.

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A form of K&T wiring is still used to provide temporary lighting at the construction site, at roadside sstands, tands, and at carnival tents.

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  CONDUCTORS CONDUCTOR POWER LOSS

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