Çengel - Thermodynamics (An Engineering Approach) 8th Ed (TABELAS).pdf
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PROP ERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (SI UNITS)
Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table
A–1 A–2 A–3 A–4 A–5 A–6 A–7 A–8
Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties 898 Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases 899 Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods 902 Saturated water—T water—Temperature emperature table 904 Saturated water—Pressure table 906 Superheated water 908 Compressed liquid water 912 Saturated ice–water vapor 913
APPENDIX
1
898 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–1 Molar mass, gas constant, and critical2point properties
Substance
Formula
Air — Ammonia NH3 Argon Ar Benzene C6H6 Bromine Br2 n 2Butane C4H10 Carbon dioxide CO2 Carbon monoxide CO Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 Chlorine Cl2 Chloroform CHCl3 Dichlorodifluoromethane (R212) CCl2F2 Dichlorofluoromethane (R221) CHCl2F Ethane C2H6 Ethyl alcohol C2H5OH Ethylene C2H4 Helium He n 2Hexane C6H14 Hydrogen (normal) H2
Molar mass, kg/kmol M kg/kmol 28.97 17.03 39.948 78.115 159.808 58.124 44.01 28.011 153.82 70.906 119.38 120.91 102.92 30.070 46.07 28.054 4.003 86.179 2.016
Gas constant, R kJ/kg·K* 0.2870 0.4882 0.2081 0.1064 0.0520 0.1430 0.1889 0.2968 0.05405 0.1173 0.06964 0.06876 0.08078 0.2765 0.1805 0.2964 2.0769 0.09647 4.1240
Critical-point properties
Temperature, K 132.5 405.5 151 562 584 425.2 304.2 133 556.4 417 536.6 384.7 451.7 305.5 516 282.4 5.3 507.9 33.3
Pressure, MPa
Volume, m3 /kmol
3.77 11.28 4.86 4.92 10.34 3.80 7.39 3.50 4.56 7.71 5.47 4.01 5.17 4.48 6.38 5.12 0.23 3.03 1.30
0.0883 0.0724 0.0749 0.2603 0.1355 0.2547 0.0943 0.0930 0.2759 0.1242 0.2403 0.2179 0.1973 0.1480 0.1673 0.1242 0.0578 0.3677 0.0649
899 APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–2 Ideal2gas specific heats of various common gases (a ) At 300 K Gas
Formula
Air Argon Butane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Ethane Ethylene Helium Hydrogen Methane Neon Nitrogen Octane Oxygen Propane Steam
— Ar C4H10 CO2 CO C2H6 C2H4 He H2 CH4 Ne N2 C8H18 O2 C3H8 H2O
Gas constant, R kJ/kg·K 0.2870 0.2081 0.1433 0.1889 0.2968 0.2765 0.2964 2.0769 4.1240 0.5182 0.4119 0.2968 0.0729 0.2598 0.1885 0.4615
c p kJ/kg·K
1.005 0.5203 1.7164 0.846 1.040 1.7662 1.5482 5.1926 14.307 2.2537 1.0299 1.039 1.7113 0.918 1.6794 1.8723
c kJ/kg·K v
0.718 0.3122 1.5734 0.657 0.744 1.4897 1.2518 3.1156 10.183 1.7354 0.6179 0.743 1.6385 0.658 1.4909 1.4108
Note: The unit kJ/kg·K is equivalent to kJ/kg· 8C. Source of Data: B. G. Kyle, Chemical and Process Thermodynamics, 3rd ed . (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000).
k
1.400 1.667 1.091 1.289 1.400 1.186 1.237 1.667 1.405 1.299 1.667 1.400 1.044 1.395 1.126 1.327
900 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–2 Ideal2gas specific heats of various common gases (Continued ) (b ) At various temperatures
Temperature, K 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000
c p kJ/kg·K
c kJ/kg·K v
k
Air
1.003 1.005 1.008 1.013 1.020 1.029 1.040 1.051 1.063 1.075 1.087 1.099 1.121 1.142
0.716 0.718 0.721 0.726 0.733 0.742 0.753 0.764 0.776 0.788 0.800 0.812 0.834 0.855
c p kJ/kg·K
14.051 14.307
9.927 10.183
v
k
Carbon dioxide, CO 2
1.401 1.400 1.398 1.395 1.391 1.387 1.381 1.376 1.370 1.364 1.359 1.354 1.344 1.336
0.791 0.846 0.895 0.939 0.978 1.014 1.046 1.075 1.102 1.126 1.148 1.169 1.204 1.234
Hydrogen, H 2
250 300
c kJ/kg·K
0.602 0.657 0.706 0.750 0.790 0.825 0.857 0.886 0.913 0.937 0.959 0.980 1.015 1.045
1.314 1.288 1.268 1.252 1.239 1.229 1.220 1.213 1.207 1.202 1.197 1.193 1.186 1.181
c p kJ/kg·K
1.039 1.039
0.742 0.743
v
k
Carbon monoxide, CO
1.039 1.040 1.043 1.047 1.054 1.063 1.075 1.087 1.100 1.113 1.126 1.139 1.163 1.185
Nitrogen, N 2
1.416 1.405
c kJ/kg·K
0.743 0.744 0.746 0.751 0.757 0.767 0.778 0.790 0.803 0.816 0.829 0.842 0.866 0.888
1.400 1.399 1.398 1.395 1.392 1.387 1.382 1.376 1.370 1.364 1.358 1.353 1.343 1.335
Oxygen, O 2
1.400 1.400
0.913 0.918
0.653 0.658
1.398 1.395
901 APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–2 Ideal2gas specific heats of various common gases (Concluded ) (c ) As a function of temperature _ c p 5 a 1 bT 1 cT 2 1 dT 3 (T in K, c p in kJ/kmol·K)
Substance
Formula
Nitrogen Oxygen Air Hydrogen Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Water vapor Nitric oxide Nitrous oxide Nitrogen dioxide Ammonia Sulfur Sulfur dioxide
a
b
c
N2 O2 — H2
28.90 25.48 28.11 29.11
20.1571 3 10 2
CO
28.16
0.1675
CO2 H2O NO N2O
22.26 32.24 29.34 24.11
5.981 0.1923 20.09395 5.8632
NO2 NH3 S2
22.9 27.568 27.21
SO2
25.78
2
1.520 0.1967 20.1916
0.8081 20.7155 0.4802 0.4003
3 10 22
0.5372
3 10
22
3 10
22
3 10
22
2 3 10 2
3 10
22
22 3 10 3 10 22
5.715 2.5630 2.218
3 10
22
3 10
22
3 10
22
5.795
3 10
22
d 5
9
3 10 2 3 10
25
3 10
25
3 10
25
22.873 3 10 2
3 10 25
2 23.501 3 10 5 25
1.055 3 10 0.9747 3 1025 23.562 3 10 25 23.52 3 10
0.99072 21.628
% error Temperature range, K Max. Avg.
25
3 10
25
3 10
25
23.812 3 10
25
2 3 10 9
273–1800 273–1800 273–1800 273–1800
0.59 1.19 0.72 1.01
0.34 0.28 0.33 0.26
22.222 3 10 29
273–1800
0.89
0.37
2 3 10 9
273–1800 273–1800 273–1500 273–1500
0.67 0.53 0.97 0.59
0.22 0.24 0.36 0.26
273–1500 273–1500 273–1800
0.46 0.91 0.99
0.18 0.36 0.38
273–1800
0.45
0.24
1.312 21.966 20.8704
7.469 23.595 24.187 10.58
3 10
29
3 10
29
2 3 10 9
3 10
29
3 10 29
7.87 26.6909 3.986
3 10
29
3 10
29
3 10
29
8.612
3 10
29
902 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–3 Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (a ) Liquids Boiling data at 1 atm
Substance Ammonia
Normal boiling point, 8C 233.3
Latent heat of vaporization h fg , kJ/kg 1357
Freezing data
Freezing point, 8C 277.7
Latent heat of fusion h if , kJ/kg 322.4
Liquid properties
Temperature, 8C 233.3 220
Argon Benzene Brine (20% sodium chloride by mass) n 2Butane Carbon dioxide Ethanol Ethyl alcohol Ethylene glycol Glycerine Helium Hydrogen
2185.9
80.2 103.9 20.5 278.4* 78.2 78.6 198.1 179.9 2268.9 2252.8
161.6 394 — 385.2 230.5 (at 08C) 838.3 855 800.1 974 22.8 445.7
2189.3
5.5 217.4 2138.5
28 126 — 80.3
20.5
109 108 181.1 200.6 — 59.5
0 25 20 20 20 2268.9 2252.8
256.6 2114.2 2156 210.8
18.9 — 2259.2
0 25 2185.6 20 20
Density kg/m3
r ,
682 665 639 602 1394 879 1150 601 298 783 789 1109 1261 146.2 70.7
Specific heat c p , kJ/kg·K 4.43 4.52 4.60 4.80 1.14 1.72 3.11 2.31 0.59 2.46 2.84 2.84 2.32 22.8 10.0
903 APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–3 Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (Concluded ) (b ) Solids (values are for room temperature unless indicated otherwise) Substance
Density, r kg/m3
Specific heat, c p kJ/kg·K
Metals Aluminum 200 K 250 K 300 K 350 K 400 K 450 K 500 K Bronze (76% Cu, 2% Zn, 2% Al) Brass, yellow (65% Cu, 35% Zn) Copper 21738C 21008C 2508C 08C 278C 1008C 2008C
Substance
Density, r kg/m3
Specific heat, c p kJ/kg·K
Nonmetals
8,280
0.797 0.859 0.902 0.929 0.949 0.973 0.997 0.400
8,310
0.400
2,700
8,900
0.254 0.342 0.367 0.381 0.386 0.393 0.403
Asphalt Brick, common Brick, fireclay (5008C) Concrete Clay Diamond Glass, window Glass, pyrex Graphite Granite Gypsum or plaster board Ice 200 K 220 K 240 K 260 K 273 K Limestone Marble Plywood (Douglas Fir)
2110 1922 2300 2300 1000 2420 2700 2230 2500 2700 800
0.920 0.79 0.960 0.653 0.920 0.616 0.800 0.840 0.711 1.017 1.09
921 1650 2600 545
1.56 1.71 1.86 2.01 2.11 0.909 0.880 1.21
904 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–4 Saturated water—Temperature table Specific volume, m3 /kg
Temp., T 8C
Sat. press., P sat kPa
Sat. liquid,
Sat. vapor,
v f
0.01 5 10 15 20
0.6117 0.8725 1.2281 1.7057 2.3392
25 30 35 40 45
3.1698 4.2469 5.6291 7.3851 9.5953
Internal energy, kJ/kg
v g
Sat. liquid, u f
Evap., u fg
Sat. vapor, u g
0.001000 0.001000 0.001000 0.001001 0.001002
206.00 147.03 106.32 77.885 57.762
0.000 21.019 42.020 62.980 83.913
2374.9 2360.8 2346.6 2332.5 2318.4
2374.9 2381.8 2388.7 2395.5 2402.3
0.001003 0.001004 0.001006 0.001008 0.001010
43.340 32.879 25.205 19.515 15.251
104.83 125.73 146.63 167.53 188.43
2304.3 2290.2 2276.0 2261.9 2247.7
2409.1 2415.9 2422.7 2429.4 2436.1
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
Sat. liquid, h f
Entropy, kJ/kg·K
Evap., h fg
Sat. vapor, h g
Sat. liquid, s f
Sat. Evap., vapor, s fg s g
2500.9 2489.1 2477.2 2465.4 2453.5
2500.9 2510.1 2519.2 2528.3 2537.4
0.0000 0.0763 0.1511 0.2245 0.2965
9.1556 8.9487 8.7488 8.5559 8.3696
9.1556 9.0249 8.8999 8.7803 8.6661
104.83 125.74 146.64 167.53 188.44
2441.7 2429.8 2417.9 2406.0 2394.0
2546.5 2555.6 2564.6 2573.5 2582.4
0.3672 0.4368 0.5051 0.5724 0.6386
8.1895 8.0152 7.8466 7.6832 7.5247
8.5567 8.4520 8.3517 8.2556 8.1633 8.0748 7.9898 7.9082 7.8296 7.7540
0.001 21.020 42.022 62.982 83.915
50 55 60 65 70
12.352 15.763 19.947 25.043 31.202
0.001012 0.001015 0.001017 0.001020 0.001023
12.026 9.5639 7.6670 6.1935 5.0396
209.33 230.24 251.16 272.09 293.04
2233.4 2219.1 2204.7 2190.3 2175.8
2442.7 2449.3 2455.9 2462.4 2468.9
209.34 230.26 251.18 272.12 293.07
2382.0 2369.8 2357.7 2345.4 2333.0
2591.3 2600.1 2608.8 2617.5 2626.1
0.7038 0.7680 0.8313 0.8937 0.9551
7.3710 7.2218 7.0769 6.9360 6.7989
75 80 85
38.597 47.416 57.868
0.001026 0.001029 0.001032
4.1291 3.4053 2.8261
313.99 334.97 355.96
2161.3 2146.6 2131.9
2475.3 2481.6 2487.8
314.03 335.02 356.02
2320.6 2308.0 2295.3
2634.6 2643.0 2651.4
1.0158 1.0756 1.1346
6.6655 7.6812 6.5355 7.6111 6.4089 7.5435
905 APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–4 Saturated water—Temperature table (Concluded ) Specific volume, m3 /kg
Temp., T 8C
Sat. press., P sat kPa
Sat. liquid,
Sat. vapor,
v f
v g
205 210 215 220 225
1724.3 1907.7 2105.9 2319.6 2549.7
0.001164 0.001173 0.001181 0.001190 0.001199
230 235 240 245 250
2797.1 3062.6 3347.0 3651.2 3976.2
255 260 265 270 275 280 285 290
Internal energy, kJ/kg
Sat. vapor, u g
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
Sat. liquid, u f
Evap., u fg
Sat. liquid, h f
0.11508 0.10429 0.094680 0.086094 0.078405
872.86 895.38 918.02 940.79 963.70
1723.5 1702.9 1681.9 1660.5 1638.6
2596.4 2598.3 2599.9 2601.3 2602.3
874.87 897.61 920.50 943.55 966.76
0.001209 0.001219 0.001229 0.001240 0.001252
0.071505 0.065300 0.059707 0.054656 0.050085
986.76 1010.0 1033.4 1056.9 1080.7
1616.1 1593.2 1569.8 1545.7 1521.1
2602.9 2603.2 2603.1 2602.7 2601.8
4322.9 4692.3 5085.3 5503.0 5946.4
0.001263 0.001276 0.001289 0.001303 0.001317
0.045941 0.042175 0.038748 0.035622 0.032767
1104.7 1128.8 1153.3 1177.9 1202.9
1495.8 1469.9 1443.2 1415.7 1387.4
6416.6 6914.6 7441.8
0.001333 0.001349 0.001366
0.030153 0.027756 0.025554
1228.2 1253.7 1279.7
1358.2 1328.1 1296.9
Entropy, kJ/kg·K
Sat. vapor, h g
Sat. liquid, s f
Sat. Evap., vapor, s fg s g
1920.0 1899.7 1878.8 1857.4 1835.4
2794.8 2797.3 2799.3 2801.0 2802.2
2.3776 2.4245 2.4712 2.5176 2.5639
4.0154 3.9318 3.8489 3.7664 3.6844
6.3930 6.3563 6.3200 6.2840 6.2483
990.14 1013.7 1037.5 1061.5 1085.7
1812.8 1789.5 1765.5 1740.8 1715.3
2802.9 2803.2 2803.0 2802.2 2801.0
2.6100 2.6560 2.7018 2.7476 2.7933
3.6028 3.5216 3.4405 3.3596 3.2788
6.2128 6.1775 6.1424 6.1072 6.0721
2600.5 2598.7 2596.5 2593.7 2590.3
1110.1 1134.8 1159.8 1185.1 1210.7
1689.0 1661.8 1633.7 1604.6 1574.5
2799.1 2796.6 2793.5 2789.7 2785.2
2.8390 2.8847 2.9304 2.9762 3.0221
3.1979 3.1169 3.0358 2.9542 2.8723
6.0369 6.0017 5.9662 5.9305 5.8944
2586.4 2581.8 2576.5
1236.7 1263.1 1289.8
1543.2 1510.7 1476.9
2779.9 2773.7 2766.7
3.0681 3.1144 3.1608
2.7898 5.8579 2.7066 5.8210 2.6225 5.7834
Evap., h fg
906 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–5 Saturated water—Pressure table Specific volume, m3 /kg
Press., P kPa
Sat. temp., T sat 8C
Sat. liquid,
Sat. vapor,
v f
v g
Internal energy, kJ/kg
Sat. liquid, u f
Evap., u fg
Sat. vapor, u g
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
Sat. liquid, h f
Evap., h fg
Entropy, kJ/kg·K
Sat. vapor, h g
Sat. liquid, s f
Evap., s fg
Sat. vapor, s g
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
6.97 13.02 17.50 21.08 24.08
0.001000 129.19 0.001001 87.964 0.001001 66.990 0.001002 54.242 0.001003 45.654
29.302 54.686 73.431 88.422 100.98
2355.2 2338.1 2325.5 2315.4 2306.9
2384.5 2392.8 2398.9 2403.8 2407.9
29.303 54.688 73.433 88.424 100.98
2484.4 2470.1 2459.5 2451.0 2443.9
2513.7 2524.7 2532.9 2539.4 2544.8
0.1059 0.1956 0.2606 0.3118 0.3543
8.8690 8.6314 8.4621 8.3302 8.2222
8.9749 8.8270 8.7227 8.6421 8.5765
4.0 5.0 7.5 10 15
28.96 32.87 40.29 45.81 53.97
0.001004 0.001005 0.001008 0.001010 0.001014
121.39 137.75 168.74 191.79 225.93
2293.1 2282.1 2261.1 2245.4 2222.1
2414.5 2419.8 2429.8 2437.2 2448.0
121.39 137.75 168.75 191.81 225.94
2432.3 2423.0 2405.3 2392.1 2372.3
2553.7 2560.7 2574.0 2583.9 2598.3
0.4224 0.4762 0.5763 0.6492 0.7549
8.0510 7.9176 7.6738 7.4996 7.2522
8.4734 8.3938 8.2501 8.1488 8.0071
20 25 30 40 50
60.06 64.96 69.09 75.86 81.32
0.001017 0.001020 0.001022 0.001026 0.001030
7.6481 6.2034 5.2287 3.9933 3.2403
251.40 271.93 289.24 317.58 340.49
2204.6 2190.4 2178.5 2158.8 2142.7
2456.0 2462.4 2467.7 2476.3 2483.2
251.42 271.96 289.27 317.62 340.54
2357.5 2345.5 2335.3 2318.4 2304.7
2608.9 2617.5 2624.6 2636.1 2645.2
0.8320 0.8932 0.9441 1.0261 1.0912
7.0752 6.9370 6.8234 6.6430 6.5019
7.9073 7.8302 7.7675 7.6691 7.5931
75 100
91.76 99.61
0.001037 0.001043
2.2172 1.6941
384.36 417.40
2111.8 2088.2
2496.1 2505.6
384.44 417.51
2278.0 2257.5
2662.4 1.2132 6.2426 7.4558 2675.0 1.3028 6.0562 7.3589
34.791 28.185 19.233 14.670 10.020
907 APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–5 Saturated water—Pressure table (Concluded ) Specific volume, m3 /kg
Sat. temp., T sat 8C
Sat. liquid,
Sat. vapor,
v f
v g
800 850 900 950 1000
170.41 172.94 175.35 177.66 179.88
0.001115 0.001118 0.001121 0.001124 0.001127
1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
184.06 187.96 191.60 195.04 198.29
1750 2000 2250 2500 3000 3500 4000
Press., P kPa
Internal energy, kJ/kg
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
Entropy, kJ/kg·K
Sat. liquid, u f
Evap., u fg
Sat. vapor, u g
Sat. liquid, h f
0.24035 0.22690 0.21489 0.20411 0.19436
719.97 731.00 741.55 751.67 761.39
1856.1 1846.9 1838.1 1829.6 1821.4
2576.0 2577.9 2579.6 2581.3 2582.8
720.87 731.95 742.56 752.74 762.51
2047.5 2038.8 2030.5 2022.4 2014.6
2768.3 2770.8 2773.0 2775.2 2777.1
2.0457 2.0705 2.0941 2.1166 2.1381
4.6160 4.5705 4.5273 4.4862 4.4470
6.6616 6.6409 6.6213 6.6027 6.5850
0.001133 0.001138 0.001144 0.001149 0.001154
0.17745 0.16326 0.15119 0.14078 0.13171
779.78 796.96 813.10 828.35 842.82
1805.7 1790.9 1776.8 1763.4 1750.6
2585.5 2587.8 2589.9 2591.8 2593.4
781.03 798.33 814.59 829.96 844.55
1999.6 1985.4 1971.9 1958.9 1946.4
2780.7 2783.8 2786.5 2788.9 2791.0
2.1785 2.2159 2.2508 2.2835 2.3143
4.3735 4.3058 4.2428 4.1840 4.1287
6.5520 6.5217 6.4936 6.4675 6.4430
205.72 212.38 218.41 223.95 233.85
0.001166 0.001177 0.001187 0.001197 0.001217
0.11344 876.12 0.099587 906.12 0.088717 933.54 0.079952 958.87 0.066667 1004.6
1720.6 1693.0 1667.3 1643.2 1598.5
2596.7 878.16 2599.1 908.47 2600.9 936.21 2602.1 961.87 2603.2 1008.3
1917.1 1889.8 1864.3 1840.1 1794.9
2795.2 2798.3 2800.5 2801.9 2803.2
2.3844 2.4467 2.5029 2.5542 2.6454
4.0033 3.8923 3.7926 3.7016 3.5402
6.3877 6.3390 6.2954 6.2558 6.1856
242.56 250.35
0.001235 0.001252
0.057061 1045.4 0.049779 1082.4
1557.6 1519.3
2603.0 1049.7 2601.7 1087.4
1753.0 1713.5
2802.7 2.7253 3.3991 6.1244 2800.8 2.7966 3.2731 6.0696
Evap., h fg
Sat. vapor, h g
Sat. liquid, s f
Evap., s fg
Sat. vapor, s g
908 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–6 Superheated water T 8C
u kJ/kg
v
3
m /kg P †
Sat. 50 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
14.670 14.867 17.196 19.513 21.826 24.136 26.446 31.063 35.680 40.296 44.911 49.527 54.143 58.758 63.373 67.989 72.604 P
Sat. 150
5
s kJ/kg·K
0.01 MPa (45.818C)* 2437.2 2443.3 2515.5 2587.9 2661.4 2736.1 2812.3 2969.3 3132.9 3303.3 3480.8 3665.4 3856.9 4055.3 4260.0 4470.9 4687.4
5
h kJ/kg
2583.9 2592.0 2687.5 2783.0 2879.6 2977.5 3076.7 3280.0 3489.7 3706.3 3929.9 4160.6 4398.3 4642.8 4893.8 5150.8 5413.4
8.1488 8.1741 8.4489 8.6893 8.9049 9.1015 9.2827 9.6094 9.8998 10.1631 10.4056 10.6312 10.8429 11.0429 11.2326 11.4132 11.5857
0.20 MPa (120.218C)
0.88578 2529.1 2706.3 0.95986 2577.1 2769.1
7.1270 7.2810
u kJ/kg
v
3
m /kg P
5
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg·K
0.05 MPa (81.328C) 2483.2
2645.2
7.5931
3.4187 3.8897 4.3562 4.8206 5.2841 6.2094 7.1338 8.0577 8.9813 9.9047 10.8280 11.7513 12.6745 13.5977 14.5209
2511 .5 2585.7 2660.0 2735.1 2811.6 2968.9 3132.6 3303.1 3480.6 3665.2 3856.8 4055.2 4259.9 4470.8 4687.3
2682.4 2780.2 2877.8 2976.2 3075.8 3279.3 3489.3 3706.0 3929.7 4160.4 4398.2 4642.7 4893.7 5150.7 5413.3
7.6953 7.9413 8.1592 8.3568 8.5387 8.8659 9.1566 9.4201 9.6626 9.8883 10.1000 10.3000 10.4897 10.6704 10.8429
P
5
0.30 MPa (133.528C)
0.60582 2543.2 0.63402 2571.0
2724.9 2761.2
3
m /kg P
3.2403
6.9917 7.0792
u kJ/kg
v
5
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg·K
0.10 MPa (99.618C)
1.6941 2505.6
2675.0
1.6959 1.9367 2.1724 2.4062 2.6389 3.1027 3.5655 4.0279 4.4900 4.9519 5.4137 5.8755 6.3372 6.7988 7.2605
2675.8 7.3611 2776.6 7.6148 2875.5 7.8356 2974.5 8.0346 3074.5 8.2172 3278.6 8.5452 3488.7 8.8362 3705.6 9.0999 3929.4 9.3424 4160.2 9.5682 4398.0 9.7800 4642.6 9.9800 4893.6 10.1698 5150.6 10.3504 5413.3 10.5229
P
5
2506.2 2582.9 2658.2 2733.9 2810.7 2968.3 3132.2 3302.8 3480.4 3665.0 3856.7 4055.0 4259.8 4470.7 4687.2
7.3589
0.40 MPa (143.618C)
0.46242 2553.1 0.47088 2564.4
2738.1 2752.8
6.8955 6.9306
909 APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–6 Superheated water (Concluded ) T 8C
3
m /kg P
Sat. 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
5
0.19437 0.20602 0.23275 0.25799 0.28250 0.30661 0.35411 0.40111 0.44783 0.49438 0.54083 0.58721 0.63354 0.67983 0.72610 P
Sat. 225 250 300
u kJ/kg
v
5
0.12374 0.13293 0.14190 0.15866
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg?K
1.00 MPa (179.888C) 2582.8 2622.3 2710.4 2793.7 2875.7 2957.9 3125.0 3297.5 3476.3 3661.7 3853.9 4052.7 4257.9 4469.0 4685.8
2777.1 2828.3 2943.1 3051.6 3158.2 3264.5 3479.1 3698.6 3924.1 4156.1 4394.8 4640.0 4891.4 5148.9 5411.9
6.5850 6.6956 6.9265 7.1246 7.3029 7.4670 7.7642 8.0311 8.2755 8.5024 8.7150 8.9155 9.1057 9.2866 9.4593
1.60 MPa (201.378C) 2594.8 2645.1 2692.9 2781.6
2792.8 2857.8 2919.9 3035.4
6.4200 6.5537 6.6753 6.8864
u kJ/kg
v
3
m /kg P
5
0.16326 0.16934 0.19241 0.21386 0.23455 0.25482 0.29464 0.33395 0.37297 0.41184 0.45059 0.48928 0.52792 0.56652 0.60509 P
5
0.11037 0.11678 0.12502 0.14025
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg·K
1.20 MPa (187.968C) 2587.8 2612.9 2704.7 2789.7 2872.7 2955.5 3123.4 3296.3 3475.3 3661.0 3853.3 4052.2 4257.5 4468.7 4685.5
2783.8 2816.1 2935.6 3046.3 3154.2 3261.3 3477.0 3697.0 3922.9 4155.2 4394.0 4639.4 4891.0 5148.5 5411.6
6.5217 6.5909 6.8313 7.0335 7.2139 7.3793 7.6779 7.9456 8.1904 8.4176 8.6303 8.8310 9.0212 9.2022 9.3750
1.80 MPa (207.118C) 2597.3 2637.0 2686.7 2777.4
2795.9 2847.2 2911.7 3029.9
6.3775 6.4825 6.6088 6.8246
u kJ/kg
v
3
m /kg P
5
0.14078 0.14303 0.16356 0.18233 0.20029 0.21782 0.25216 0.28597 0.31951 0.35288 0.38614 0.41933 0.45247 0.48558 0.51866 P
5
0.09959 0.10381 0.11150 0.12551
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg·K
1.40 MPa (195.048C) 2591.8 2602.7 2698.9 2785.7 2869.7 2953.1 3121.8 3295.1 3474.4 3660.3 3852.7 4051.7 4257.0 4468.3 4685.1
2788.9 2803.0 2927.9 3040.9 3150.1 3258.1 3474.8 3695.5 3921.7 4154.3 4393.3 4638.8 4890.5 5148.1 5411.3
6.4675 6.4975 6.7488 6.9553 7.1379 7.3046 7.6047 7.8730 8.1183 8.3458 8.5587 8.7595 8.9497 9.1308 9.3036
2.00 MPa (212.388C) 2599.1 2628.5 2680.3 2773.2
2798.3 2836.1 2903.3 3024.2
6.3390 6.4160 6.5475 6.7684
910 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–6 Superheated water (Continued ) T 8C
u kJ/kg
v
3
m /kg P
Sat. 275 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
0.04978 0.05461 0.05887 0.06647 0.07343 0.08004 0.08644 0.09886 0.11098 0.12292 0.13476 0.14653 0.15824 0.16992 0.18157 P
Sat. 300 350 400
5
0.03245 0.03619 0.04225 0.04742
s kJ/kg·K
4.0 MPa (250.358C)
2601.7 2668.9 2726.2 2827.4 2920.8 3011.0 3100.3 3279.4 3462.4 3650.6 3844.8 4045.1 4251.4 4463.5 4680.9 5
h kJ/kg
2800.8 2887.3 2961.7 3093.3 3214.5 3331.2 3446.0 3674.9 3906.3 4142.3 4383.9 4631.2 4884.4 5143.2 5407.2
6.0696 6.2312 6.3639 6.5843 6.7714 6.9386 7.0922 7.3706 7.6214 7.8523 8.0675 8.2698 8.4612 8.6430 8.8164
6.0 MPa (275.598C) 2589.9 2668.4 2790.4 2893.7
2784.6 2885.6 3043.9 3178.3
5.8902 6.0703 6.3357 6.5432
u kJ/kg
v
3
m /kg P
5
0.04406 0.04733 0.05138 0.05842 0.06477 0.07076 0.07652 0.08766 0.09850 0.10916 0.11972 0.13020 0.14064 0.15103 0.16140 P
0.027378 0.029492 0.035262 0.039958
s kJ/kg·K
4.5 MPa (257.448C) 2599.7 2651.4 2713.0 2818.6 2914.2 3005.8 3096.0 3276.4 3460.0 3648.8 3843.3 4043.9 4250.4 4462.6 4680.1
5
h kJ/kg
2798.0 2864.4 2944.2 3081.5 3205.7 3324.2 3440.4 3670.9 3903.3 4140.0 4382.1 4629.8 4883.2 5142.2 5406.5
2772.6 2839.9 3016.9 3159.2
3
m /kg P
6.0198 6.1429 6.2854 6.5153 6.7071 6.8770 7.0323 7.3127 7.5647 7.7962 8.0118 8.2144 8.4060 8.5880 8.7616
7.0 MPa (285.838C) 2581.0 2633.5 2770.1 2879.5
u kJ/kg
v
0.03945 0.04144 0.04535 0.05197 0.05784 0.06332 0.06858 0.07870 0.08852 0.09816 0.10769 0.11715 0.12655 0.13592 0.14527 P
5.8148 5.9337 6.2305 6.4502
5
5
0.023525 0.024279 0.029975 0.034344
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg·K
5.0 MPa (263.948C) 2597.0 2632.3 2699.0 2809.5 2907.5 3000.6 3091.8 3273.3 3457.7 3646.9 3841.8 4042.6 4249.3 4461.6 4679.3
2794.2 2839.5 2925.7 3069.3 3196.7 3317.2 3434.7 3666.9 3900.3 4137.7 4380.2 4628.3 4882.1 5141.3 5405.7
5.9737 6.0571 6.2111 6.4516 6.6483 6.8210 6.9781 7.2605 7.5136 7.7458 7.9619 8.1648 8.3566 8.5388 8.7124
8.0 MPa (295.018C) 2570.5 2592.3 2748.3 2864.6
2758.7 2786.5 2988.1 3139.4
5.7450 5.7937 6.1321 6.3658
911 APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–6 Superheated water (Concluded ) T 8C
u kJ/kg
v
3
m /kg P
Sat. 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
5
0.010341 0.011481 0.015671 0.018477 0.020828 0.022945 0.024921 0.026804 0.028621 0.032121 0.035503 0.038808 0.042062 0.045279 0.048469
0.001978 0.006005 0.007886 0.009176
s kJ/kg·K
15.0 MPa (342.168C) 2455.7 2520.9 2740.6 2880.8 2998.4 3106.2 3209.3 3310.1 3409.8 3609.3 3811.2 4017.1 4227.7 4443.1 4663.3 P
375 400 425 450
h kJ/kg
5
2610.8 2693.1 2975.7 3157.9 3310.8 3450.4 3583.1 3712.1 3839.1 4091.1 4343.7 4599.2 4858.6 5122.3 5390.3
5.3108 5.4438 5.8819 6.1434 6.3480 6.5230 6.6796 6.8233 6.9573 7.2037 7.4288 7.6378 7.8339 8.0192 8.1952
u kJ/kg
v
3
m /kg P
5
1849.4 2578.7 2805.0 2950.6
u kJ/kg
v
3
m /kg P
5
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg·K
20.0 MPa (365.758C)
0.007932
2390.7 2529.5 5.1435
0.005862 2294.8 2412.1
4.9310
0.012463 0.015204 0.017385 0.019305 0.021073 0.022742 0.024342 0.027405 0.030348 0.033215 0.036029 0.038806 0.041556
2684.3 2845.4 2972.4 3085.8 3192.5 3295.8 3397.5 3599.7 3803.5 4010.7 4222.3 4438.5 4659.2
0.009950 0.012721 0.014793 0.016571 0.018185 0.019695 0.021134 0.023870 0.026484 0.029020 0.031504 0.033952 0.036371
5.5526 5.9043 6.1446 6.3390 6.5075 6.6593 6.7991 7.0531 7.2829 7.4950 7.6933 7.8802 8.0574
P
4.0345 5.1400 5.4708 5.6759
s kJ/kg·K
17.5 MPa (354.678C)
25.0 MPa
1799.9 2428.5 2607.8 2721.2
h kJ/kg
0.001792 0.002798 0.005299 0.006737
5
2902.4 3111.4 3276.7 3423.6 3561.3 3693.8 3823.5 4079.3 4334.6 4592.0 4852.8 5117.6 5386.5
5.7211 6.0212 6.2424 6.4266 6.5890 6.7366 6.8735 7.1237 7.3511 7.5616 7.7588 7.9449 8.1215
30.0 MPa
1738.1 2068.9 2452.9 2618.9
1791.9 2152.8 2611.8 2821.0
2617.9 2807.3 2945.3 3064.7 3175.3 3281.4 3385.1 3590.1 3795.7 4004.3 4216.9 4433.8 4655.2 P
3.9313 4.4758 5.1473 5.4422
0.001701 0.002105 0.003434 0.004957
5
2816.9 3061.7 3241.2 3396.2 3539.0 3675.3 3807.8 4067.5 4325.4 4584.7 4847.0 5112.9 5382.7
35.0 MPa
1702.8 1914.9 2253.3 2497.5
1762.4 1988.6 2373.5 2671.0
3.8724 4.2144 4.7751 5.1946
912 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–7 Compressed liquid water T 8C
u kJ/kg
v
3
m /kg P
Sat. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340
5
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg·K
5 MPa (263.948C)
0.0012862 1148.1 1154.5 0.0009977 0.04 5.03 0.0009996 83.61 88.61 0.0010057 166.92 171.95 0.0010149 250.29 255.36 0.0010267 333.82 338.96 0.0010410 417.65 422.85 0.0010576 501.91 507.19 0.0010769 586.80 592.18 0.0010988 672.55 678.04 0.0011240 759.47 765.09 0.0011531 847.92 853.68 0.0011868 938.39 944.32 0.0012268 1031.6 1037.7 0.0012755 1128.5 1134.9
P
5
20 MPa (365.758C)
u kJ/kg
v
3
m /kg P
2.9207 0.0001 0.2954 0.5705 0.8287 1.0723 1.3034 1.5236 1.7344 1.9374 2.1338 2.3251 2.5127 2.6983 2.8841
5
0.0014522 0.0009952 0.0009973 0.0010035 0.0010127 0.0010244 0.0010385 0.0010549 0.0010738 0.0010954 0.0011200 0.0011482 0.0011809 0.0012192 0.0012653 0.0013226 0.0013980
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg·K
10 MPa (311.008C) 1393.3 0.12 83.31 166.33 249.43 332.69 416.23 500.18 584.72 670.06 756.48 844.32 934.01 1026.2 1121.6 1221.8 1329.4
P
5
1407.9 10.07 93.28 176.37 259.55 342.94 426.62 510.73 595.45 681.01 767.68 855.80 945.82 1038.3 1134.3 1235.0 1343.3
30 MPa
u kJ/kg
v
3
m /kg P
3.3603 0.0003 0.2943 0.5685 0.8260 1.0691 1.2996 1.5191 1.7293 1.9316 2.1271 2.3174 2.5037 2.6876 2.8710 3.0565 3.2488
5
0.0016572 0.0009928 0.0009951 0.0010013 0.0010105 0.0010221 0.0010361 0.0010522 0.0010708 0.0010920 0.0011160 0.0011435 0.0011752 0.0012121 0.0012560 0.0013096 0.0013783 0.0014733 0.0016311
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg·K
15 MPa (342.168C) 1585.5 0.18 83.01 165.75 248.58 331.59 414.85 498.50 582.69 667.63 753.58 840.84 929.81 1021.0 1115.1 1213.4 1317.6 1431.9 1567.9
P
5
1610.3 15.07 97.93 180.77 263.74 346.92 430.39 514.28 598.75 684.01 770.32 858.00 947.43 1039.2 1134.0 1233.0 1338.3 1454.0 1592.4
50 MPa
3.6848 0.0004 0.2932 0.5666 0.8234 1.0659 1.2958 1.5148 1.7243 1.9259 2.1206 2.3100 2.4951 2.6774 2.8586 3.0410 3.2279 3.4263 3.6555
913 APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–8 Saturated ice–water vapor Specific volume, m3 /kg
Temp., T 8C
Sat. press., P sat kPa
Sat. ice,
Sat. vapor,
v i
v g
0.01 0 22 24 26 28 210 212 214 216 218 220 222 224 226 228 230 232 34
0.61169 0.61115 0.51772 0.43748 0.36873 0.30998 0.25990 0.21732 0.18121 0.15068 0.12492 0.10326 0.08510 0.06991 0.05725 0.04673 0.03802 0.03082 0.02490
0.001091 0.001091 0.001091 0.001090 0.001090 0.001090 0.001089 0.001089 0.001088 0.001088 0.001088 0.001087 0.001087 0.001087 0.001087 0.001086 0.001086 0.001086 0.001085
205.99 206.17 241.62 283.84 334.27 394.66 467.17 554.47 659.88 787.51 942.51 1131.3 1362.0 1644.7 1992.2 2421.0 2951.7 3610.9 4432.4
Internal energy, kJ/kg
Sat. ice, u i 2333.40 2333.43 2337.63 2341.80 2345.94 2350.04 2354.12 2358.17 2362.18 2366.17 2370.13 2374.06 2377.95 2381.82 2385.66 2389.47 2393.25 2397.00
400.72
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
Subl., u ig
Sat. vapor, u g
Sat. ice, h i
2707.9 2707.9 2709.4 2710.8 2712.2 2713.5 2714.8 2716.1 2717.3 2718.6 2719.7 2720.9 2722.0 2723.1 2724.2 2725.2 2726.2 2727.2 2728.1
2374.5 2374.5 2371.8 2369.0 2366.2 2363.5 2360.7 2357.9 2355.2 2352.4 2349.6 2346.8 2344.1 2341.3 2338.5 2335.7 2332.9 2330.2 2327.4
2333.40 2333.43 2337.63 2341.80 2345.93 2350.04 2354.12 2358.17 2362.18 2366.17 2370.13 2374.06 2377.95 2381.82 2385.66 2389.47 2393.25 2397.00
400.72
Entropy, kJ/kg·K
Subl., h ig
Sat. vapor, h g
Sat. ice, s i
2833.9 2833.9 2834.5 2835.0 2835.4 2835.8 2836.2 2836.6 2836.9 2837.2 2837.5 2837.7 2837.9 2838.1 2838.2 2838.3 2838.4 2838.4 2838.5
2500.5 2500.5 2496.8 2493.2 2489.5 2485.8 2482.1 2478.4 2474.7 2471.0 2467.3 2463.6 2459.9 2456.2 2452.5 2448.8 2445.1 2441.4 2437.7
21.2202 21.2204 21.2358 21.2513 21.2667 21.2821 21.2976 21.3130 21.3284 21.3439 21.3593 21.3748 21.3903 21.4057 21.4212 21.4367 21.4521 21.4676
1.4831
Subl., s ig
Sat. vapor, s g
10.374 10.375 10.453 10.533 10.613 10.695 10.778 10.862 10.947 11.033 11.121 11.209 11.300 11.391 11.484 11.578 11.673 11.770 11.869
9.154 9.154 9.218 9.282 9.347 9.413 9.480 9.549 9.618 9.689 9.761 9.835 9.909 9.985 10.063 10.141 10.221 10.303 10.386
0 1200
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 0 0 5
0 0 5 5
h = 5000 kJ/kg
10 1200
5000 45 00
1100
4900
1100
4800
1000
h = 420 0 k J / k g
3
900
38 00 36 00
0 3 0 0
280 0
4300 4200
h
=
2 0 00 0
1 8 0
400 0 0 1 4
300
200
1
1 0 0
100
0 % 0 = 18 i t y 0 % 0 l a u 2 0 Q
h
6
=
0
2 0 0
% 0 3
0
1 6 0 0
% 0 4
5 0 %
0
4
0
1 8 0 0
0
2 0
0 0
6 0 %
k
2 0 0
8 6
0
2 4 0 0
7 0 %
J
4 3
= 2 6 0 0 k
3600 3500
3
m / g k 3 . 0
3
/ m g k 3 0 . 3200 0
3300 3
m / g k 1 . 0
/ m g k 1 0 . 0 3000 = y t i s 2900 e n D
3100
2650 h = 2600 kJ/kg
8 0 %
4
5 Entropy, kJ/kg·K
6
2550
7
8
300
200
2800
g
3
400 3
5 8 2 1 8 6 4 3 0 0 0 0 . . 0 0 . 0 . . 0 0 0 0. 0 0 0 0.
J / k g
k
2
500
3400
3
. 0 2 1 5 1.
/
1
600
3700 3
5 1 8 . 3 2 1 . 6 . 4 0 0 0 0. 0 . 0 . 0 .
h
2 2 0
3
0 2 5 0 1 1
o r
1 4 0
3800
/m g k 1
0 4 0 3
700
3900
/m g k 3
S a t u r a t e d v a p
d u i i q 0 0 d l 1 2 a t e r t u 0 0 S a 1 0
4000 3
/m g k 0 1
0 1 0 8 0 0 6
0 1 6 0
4100
/m g k 0 3
0 8 0 0 6 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 3 5 0 3 0 0 2 5 0 2 0 0 1 5
k g 0 k J / 2 2 0
800
3
/m g k 0 0 1
0 0 0 1
240 0
900
4400
0 5 1
260 0
500
0 0
3
/m g k 0 0 3
0 0 5 4 0 0 3 0 0 0 2
700
C ° , e r u t a600 r e p m e T
1000
4600 4500
r a b 34 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 3 0 5 32 00 0 0 2 0 = 1 0 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 0 P
800
4700
40 00
m / g k = y t s i n e D
9
FIGURE A–9 T-s diagram for water. Source of Data: From NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 by Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher, and George S. Kell. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Books, Inc., 1984 .
100
6 0 0 0 4 3 2 0 0 0. 0 0 . 0 . 0 0 0.
0 10
P R O P E R T Y T A B L 9 E 1 4 S A N D C H A R T S
S o u r c e o f D a t a : F r o m N B S / N R C S t e a m T a b l e s / 1 b y L e s t er H a a ,r J o h n S . G a l l a g h er , a n d G e o r g e S . K e l l . R o u t l e d g e / T a y l o r & F r a n c i s B o o k s , I n c . , 1 9 8 4 .
M F I o G U l l i R e r E d A i -1 a g 0 r a m f o r w a t e .r
1 0 0 0 2
Enthalpy, kJ/kg 3 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
= T 3 0 0 ° C
5 0 0 0
2
P = 3 0 0 0 0 b a r 4 0 0 ° C
3
3
2 5 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0
5 0 0 ° C % 0 4
4
6 0 0 ° C
4 % 2 4 % 4
4 6 % 4 8 %
1 0 0 0 0 8 00 0 6 00 5 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 5 0 8 0 0 1 0 00 00 6 0 4 0 00 5 0 0
0 5 % 2 5 %
5 E n t r o p y , 6 k J / k g · K
4 5 % 6 5 %
8 5 % 6 0 % 6 2 % 6 4 % 6 6 % 6 8 % 0 7 % 2 7 % 4 7 % 6 7 % 8 7 % 8 0 % 2 8 %
3 0 2 0 0 0 8 0 1 5 0 1 0 6 0 0 4 0 5 0 3 0 2 0
Q 8 u 4 a % l 8 i t 6 y % 8 = 8 %
7
8 6 4
9 0
9 % 2 % 9 4 %
9 6 % 9 8 %
8
1 5 1 0
4
7 0 ° 0 C
D en s i
t y = 1 0
00 k g
8 0 ° 0 C
/ m 3 9 0 ° 0 C
1 1 0 ° 0 C
1 00 k g / m 3
6 T
= 1 1 0 0 ° C
1 0 k g / m 3
5 3 2 0 1 .5 . 8 0 . 6 1 .0 0 . 4
7
1 k g / m 3
8
4 0 0 . 0 . 0 5 2 0 .
0 .1 k g / 3 m
0
3 0 . 0 1 P 0 5 = . 0 0 1
. 0 0 8 b a r
2 0 0 0
5
1 0 0 ° 0 C
0 . 3 0 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 . 1 . 0 8 5 0 6 0 . 1 . 0
9
1 0 1 0 0 0
1 5 0 00
9 D e n s i t y
= 0
3 0 0 0
.0 1 k g / m 3
4 0 0 0
1 5 0 0 0 0
A P P E 9 N 1 D 5 I X 1
916 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–11 Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table Specific volume, m3 /kg Sat. Temp., press., T 8C P sat kPa
Sat. liquid,
Sat. vapor,
v f
v g
240
0.0007053 0.0007082 0.0007111 0.0007141 0.0007171 0.0007201 0.0007232 0.0007264 0.0007296 0.0007328 0.0007361 0.0007394 0.0007428 0.0007463 0.0007498 0.0007533 0.0007570 0.0007607 0 0007644
0.36064 0.32718 0.29740 0.27082 0.24706 0.22577 0.20666 0.18947 0.17398 0.15999 0.14735 0.13589 0.12550 0.11605 0.10744 0.099600 0.092438 0.085888 0 079889
238 236 234 232 230 228 226 224 222 220 218 216 214 212 210 28 26 24
51.25 56.86 62.95 69.56 76.71 84.43 92.76 101.73 111.37 121.72 132.82 144.69 157.38 170.93 185.37 200.74 217.08 234.44 252 85
Internal energy, kJ/kg Sat. liquid, u f 20.036
2.472 4.987 7.509 10.04 12.58 15.12 17.67 20.23 22.80 25.37 27.96 30.55 33.15 35.76 38.38 41.01 43.64 46 29
Evap., u fg
Sat. vapor, u g
207.42 207.38 206.06 208.53 204.69 209.68 203.32 210.83 201.94 211.97 200.55 213.12 199.15 214.27 197.75 215.42 196.34 216.57 194.92 217.71 193.49 218.86 192.05 220.00 190.60 221.15 189.14 222.29 187.66 223.42 186.18 224.56 184.69 225.69 183.18 226.82 181 66 227 94
Enthalpy, kJ/kg Sat. liquid, h f 0.00 2.512 5.032 7.559 10.09 12.64 15.19 17.75 20.31 22.89 25.47 28.07 30.67 33.28 35.90 38.53 41.17 43.82 46 48
Evap., h fg 225.86 224.62 223.37 222.10 220.83 219.55 218.25 216.95 215.63 214.30 212.96 211.60 210.23 208.84 207.44 206.02 204.59 203.14 201 66
Entropy, kJ/kg∙K Sat. vapor, h g
Sat. liquid, s f
Evap., s fg
Sat. vapor, s g
225.86 227.13 228.40 229.66 230.93 232.19 233.44 234.70 235.94 237.19 238.43 239.67 240.90 242.12 243.34 244.55 245.76 246.95 248 14
0.00000 0.01071 0.02137 0.03196 0.04249 0.05297 0.06339 0.07376 0.08408 0.09435 0.10456 0.11473 0.12486 0.13493 0.14497 0.15496 0.16491 0.17482 0 18469
0.96869 0.95516 0.94182 0.92867 0.91569 0.90289 0.89024 0.87776 0.86542 0.85323 0.84119 0.82927 0.81749 0.80583 0.79429 0.78286 0.77154 0.76033 0 74921
0.96869 0.96588 0.96319 0.96063 0.95819 0.95586 0.95364 0.95152 0.94950 0.94758 0.94575 0.94401 0.94234 0.94076 0.93925 0.93782 0.93645 0.93514 0 93390
917 APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–11 Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table (Concluded ) Specific volume, m3 /kg Sat. Temp., press., T 8C P sat kPa
Sat. liquid,
Sat. vapor,
v f
v g
46 48 52 56 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
0.0008924 0.0008997 0.0009151 0.0009317 0.0009498 0.0009751 0.0010037 0.0010373 0.0010774 0.0011273 0.0011938 0.0012945 0.0015269
0.016866 0.015951 0.014276 0.012782 0.011434 0.009959 0.008650 0.007486 0.006439 0.005484 0.004591 0.003713 0.002657
1191.0 1253.6 1386.2 1529.1 1682.8 1891.0 2118.2 2365.8 2635.3 2928.2 3246.9 3594.1 3975.1
Internal energy, kJ/kg Sat. liquid, u f 116.28 119.28 125.35 131.52 137.79 145.80 154.03 162.55 171.43 180.81 190.94 202.49 218.73
Evap., u fg 137.43 135.30 130.89 126.29 121.45 115.06 108.17 100.62 92.22 82.64 71.19 56.25 29.72
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
Sat. vapor, u g
Sat. liquid, h f
253.71 254.58 256.24 257.81 259.23 260.86 262.20 263.17 263.66 263.45 262.13 258.73 248.46
117.34 120.41 126.62 132.94 139.38 147.64 156.15 165.01 174.27 184.11 194.82 207.14 224.80
Evap., h fg 156.46 154.17 149.41 144.41 139.09 132.05 124.37 115.87 106.35 95.39 82.22 64.94 34.22
Entropy, kJ/kg∙K Sat. vapor, h g 273.80 274.57 276.03 277.35 278.47 279.69 280.52 280.88 280.63 279.51 277.04 272.08 259.02
Sat. liquid, s f 0.42311 0.43251 0.45136 0.47028 0.48930 0.51330 0.53763 0.56252 0.58812 0.61487 0.64354 0.67605 0.72224
Evap., s fg
Sat. vapor, s g
0.49020 0.48001 0.45948 0.43870 0.41746 0.39048 0.36239 0.33279 0.30113 0.26632 0.22638 0.17638 0.09169
0.91331 0.91252 0.91084 0.90898 0.90676 0.90379 0.90002 0.89531 0.88925 0.88120 0.86991 0.85243 0.81393
Source of Data: Tables A211 through A213 are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. The routine used in calculations is the R134a, which is based on the fundamental equation of state developed by R. Tillner2Roth and H.D. Baehr, “An International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and pressures up to 70 MPa,” J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data , Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994. The enthalpy and entropy values of saturated liquid are set to zero at 2408C (and 2408F).
918 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–12 Saturated refrigerant-134a—Pressure table Specific volume, m3 /kg Press., Sat. P temp., T sat 8C kPa 60 70 80 90 100 120 140 160 180 200 240 280 320 360 400 450 500 550 600
236.95 233.87 231.13 228.65 226.37 222.32 218.77 215.60 212.73 210.09 25.38 21.25
2.46 5.82 8.91 12.46 15.71 18.73 21 55
Sat. liquid,
Sat. vapor,
v f
v g
0.0007097 0.0007143 0.0007184 0.0007222 0.0007258 0.0007323 0.0007381 0.0007435 0.0007485 0.0007532 0.0007618 0.0007697 0.0007771 0.0007840 0.0007905 0.0007983 0.0008058 0.0008129 0 0008198
0.31108 0.26921 0.23749 0.21261 0.19255 0.16216 0.14020 0.12355 0.11049 0.099951 0.083983 0.072434 0.063681 0.056809 0.051266 0.045677 0.041168 0.037452 0 034335
Internal energy, kJ/kg Sat. liquid, u f 3.795 7.672 11.14 14.30 17.19 22.38 26.96 31.06 34.81 38.26 44.46 49.95 54.90 59.42 63.61 68.44 72.92 77.09 81 01
Evap., u fg
Sat. vapor, u g
205.34 203.23 201.33 199.60 198.01 195.15 192.60 190.31 188.20 186.25 182.71 179.54 176.65 173.99 171.49 168.58 165.86 163.29 160 84
209.13 210.90 212.48 213.90 215.21 217.53 219.56 221.37 223.01 224.51 227.17 229.49 231.55 233.41 235.10 237.03 238.77 240.38 241 86
Enthalpy, kJ/kg Sat. liquid, h f 3.837 7.722 11.20 14.36 17.27 22.47 27.06 31.18 34.94 38.41 44.64 50.16 55.14 59.70 63.92 68.80 73.32 77.54 81 50
Evap., h fg 223.96 222.02 220.27 218.67 217.19 214.52 212.13 209.96 207.95 206.09 202.68 199.61 196.78 194.15 191.68 188.78 186.04 183.44 180 95
Entropy, kJ/kg∙K Sat. vapor, h g
Sat. liquid, s f
Evap., s fg
Sat. vapor, s g
227.80 229.74 231.47 233.04 234.46 236.99 239.19 241.14 242.90 244.50 247.32 249.77 251.93 253.86 255.61 257.58 259.36 260.98 262 46
0.01633 0.03264 0.04707 0.06003 0.07182 0.09269 0.11080 0.12686 0.14131 0.15449 0.17786 0.19822 0.21631 0.23265 0.24757 0.26462 0.28021 0.29460 0 30799
0.94812 0.92783 0.91009 0.89431 0.88008 0.85520 0.83387 0.81517 0.79848 0.78339 0.75689 0.73406 0.71395 0.69591 0.67954 0.66093 0.64399 0.62842 0 61398
0.96445 0.96047 0.95716 0.95434 0.95191 0.94789 0.94467 0.94202 0.93979 0.93788 0.93475 0.93228 0.93026 0.92856 0.92711 0.92555 0.92420 0.92302 0 92196
919 APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–13 Superheated refrigerant-134a T 8C
v
m3 /kg
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
P 5 0.06 MPa (T sat 5
Sat. 220 210 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0.31108 0.33608 0.35048 0.36476 0.37893 0.39302 0.40705 0.42102 0.43495 0.44883 0.46269 0.47651 0.49032 0.50410
209.13 220.62 227.57 234.67 241.94 249.37 256.97 264.73 272.66 280.75 289.01 297.43 306.02 314.76
Sat. 210 0 10 20
0.11049 0.11189 0.11722 0.12240 0.12748
223.01 225.04 232.49 240.02 247.66
236.958C)
227.80 240.78 248.60 256.56 264.68 272.95 281.39 289.99 298.75 307.68 316.77 326.02 335.43 345.01
P 5 0.18 MPa (T sat
s kJ/kg·K
0.9645 1.0175 1.0478 1.0775 1.1067 1.1354 1.1637 1.1916 1.2192 1.2464 1.2732 1.2998 1.3261 1.3521
5 212.738C)
242.90 245.18 253.59 262.05 270.60
0.9398 0.9485 0.9799 1.0103 1.0400
v
m3 /kg
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
P 5 0.10 MPa (T sat
0.19255 0.19841 0.20743 0.21630 0.22506 0.23373 0.24233 0.25088 0.25937 0.26783 0.27626 0.28465 0.29303 0.30138
215.21 219.68 226.77 233.97 241.32 248.81 256.46 264.27 272.24 280.36 288.65 297.10 305.71 314.48
0.09995 0.09991 0.10481 0.10955 0.11418
224.51 224.57 232.11 239.69 247.36
5 226.378C)
234.46 239.52 247.51 255.60 263.82 272.18 280.69 289.36 298.17 307.15 316.28 325.57 335.01 344.61
P 5 0.20 MPa (T sat
s kJ/kg·K
0.9519 0.9721 1.0031 1.0333 1.0628 1.0919 1.1204 1.1485 1.1762 1.2036 1.2306 1.2573 1.2836 1.3097
5 210.098C)
244.50 244.56 253.07 261.60 270.20
0.9379 0.9381 0.9699 1.0005 1.0304
v
m3 /kg
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
P 5 0.14 MPa (T sat
s kJ/kg·K
5 218.778C)
0.14020
219.56
239.19
0.9447
0.14605 0.15263 0.15908 0.16544 0.17172 0.17794 0.18412 0.19025 0.19635 0.20242 0.20847 0.21449
225.93 233.25 240.68 248.24 255.95 263.80 271.81 279.97 288.29 296.77 305.40 314.19
246.37 254.61 262.95 271.40 279.99 288.72 297.59 306.61 315.78 325.11 334.59 344.22
0.9724 1.0032 1.0331 1.0625 1.0913 1.1196 1.1475 1.1750 1.2021 1.2289 1.2554 1.2815
P 5 0.24 MPa (T sat
5 25.388C)
0.08398
227.17
247.32
0.9348
0.08617 0.09026 0.09423
231.30 239.00 246.76
251.98 260.66 269.38
0.9520 0.9832 1.0134
920 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–13 Superheated refrigerant-134a (Concluded ) T 8C
v
m3 /kg
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
P 5 0.50 MPa (T sat
Sat. 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
0.041168 0.042115 0.044338 0.046456 0.048499 0.050485 0.052427 0.054331 0.056205 0.058053 0.059880 0.061687 0.063479 0.065256 0.067021 0.068775
238.77 242.42 250.86 259.27 267.73 276.27 284.91 293.65 302.52 311.52 320.65 329.91 339.31 348.85 358.52 368.34
Sat. 40 50
0.025645 0.027035 0.028547
246.82 254.84 263.87
5 15.718C)
259.36 263.48 273.03 282.50 291.98 301.51 311.12 320.82 330.63 340.55 350.59 360.75 371.05 381.47 392.04 402.73
P 5 0.80 MPa (T sat
s kJ/kg·K
0.9242 0.9384 0.9704 1.0011 1.0309 1.0600 1.0884 1.1163 1.1436 1.1706 1.1971 1.2233 1.2492 1.2747 1.3000 1.3250
5 31.318C)
267.34 0.9185 276.46 0.9481 286.71 0.9803
v
m3 /kg
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
s kJ/kg·K
P 5 0.60 MPa (T sat 5 21.558C)
v
m3 /kg
u kJ/kg
h kJ/kg
P 5 0.70 MPa (T sat
s kJ/kg·K
5 26.698C)
0.034335 241.86
262.46 0.9220
0.029392 244.51
265.08 0.9201
0.035984 0.037865 0.039659 0.041389 0.043069 0.044710 0.046318 0.047900 0.049458 0.050997 0.052519 0.054027 0.055522 0.057006
270.83 280.60 290.30 300.00 309.75 319.57 329.48 339.49 349.61 359.84 370.20 380.68 391.29 402.03
0.029966 0.031696 0.033322 0.034875 0.036373 0.037829 0.039250 0.040642 0.042010 0.043358 0.044688 0.046004 0.047306 0.048597
268.47 278.59 288.54 298.44 308.34 318.29 328.31 338.41 348.61 358.92 369.34 379.88 390.54 401.32
249.24 257.88 266.50 275.17 283.91 292.74 301.69 310.75 319.93 329.24 338.69 348.26 357.98 367.83
P 5 0.90 MPa (T sat
0.022686 248.82 0.023375 253.15 0.024809 262.46
0.9500 0.9817 1.0122 1.0417 1.0706 1.0988 1.1265 1.1536 1.1804 1.2068 1.2328 1.2585 1.2838 1.3089
5 35.518C)
269.25 0.9169 274.19 0.9328 284.79 0.9661
247.49 256.41 265.22 274.03 282.88 291.81 300.84 309.96 319.21 328.57 338.06 347.67 357.42 367.31
P 5 1.00 MPa (T sat
0.020319 0.020406 0.021796
0.9314 0.9642 0.9955 1.0257 1.0550 1.0835 1.1115 1.1389 1.1659 1.1925 1.2186 1.2445 1.2700 1.2952
5 39.378C)
250.71 271.04 0.9157 251.32 271.73 0.9180 260.96 282.76 0.9526
S o u r c e o f D a t a : A m er i c a n S o c i e t y o f H e a t i n g , R e f r i g er a t i n g , a n d A i r C o n d i t i o n i n g E n g i n e er s , I n c . , A t l a n t a , G A .
N o t e : T h e r e f e r e n c e p o i n t u s e d f o r t h e c h a r t i s d i f f e r e n t t h a n t h a t u s e d i n t h e R -1 3 4 a d t a a t a b l e e i s . t h T e h r e f r r e o f m o r e t h , e p r t a o b b l l e e s m o s r s h f r o o m u l d t h b e e s c h o l a r v e t , d b u u s t i n n o g t a f l r l o m p r o b p o e r t h t . y
0 . 0 1 1 0 0
0 . 0 2
0 . 0 4
0 .1
Pressure, MPa 0 .4 1
1 0
4
2
0.64 0 6 –
1 5 0
s at ur a te d l i qu i d s
0.1
R -1 3 4 a
0 4 – 0.80
14 0 0
0.88 0 2 – 0.96
0 .3
13 50
C ° 0 = T
1.04
0 .6
1.28
3 0 0
0 .7
1.36
3 5 0
0 .9
1.20
0 .8
1 0 5 0 1 0 0 0
0 8
1 0 0
1.60
1.76
0
1 .8 4
8 5 0 8 0 0
6 0 0
1 .9 2
60
4 0 0
7 0 0
20 40
3 5 0
9 5 0 9 0 0
1.68
–20
3 0 0
1 1 0 0
1.52
s a tu r a t ed v a p or –40
2 5 0
1 1 5 0 0 6
1.44
4 5 0
5 0 0
2 .0 0
80
5 0 0
2 .0 8
100 120
5 0 0
s
= 2 .1 6 k J / k g · K
140
5 5 0
4 0 0
T = 160∞C
2 .2 4
180
2 . 4 8
D D ee nn ssi yity t h == 22 00 00 k gkg / /m m
220
= 2 . 5 6
2 .4 0
240
6 5 0
260
2 .6 4
2 .4 8 280
2 . 7 2
300
0 0 . 3 .4
0 . 0 2
0 . 6
0 . 8
0 . 0 4
1 .2
1 . 6
2 3 .4 . 2
0 .1
4
0 .2
6
8
0 .4
1 2
1 6
2 4
1
3 2
5 6 7 4 0 0 0 0
2
9 0
4
1 2 0
1 6 0
3
1 0
5 5 0 6 0 0
2 .3 2
200
s
7 5 0 0 . 0 1
1 2 0 0 k g / m 3
0 4
4 E 0 n 0 t h a l p y , 4 k 5 J 0 / k g
7 0 0
12 50
0 2
X = 0 .5
2 0 0
13 00
1.12
2 5 0
6 0 0
1 5 0
145 0
0 .4
P h d i a g r a m f o r r e f r i F g I G e r U a n R E t -1 A 3 – 4 a 1 . 4
2 0 1 0 0
150 0
0.72
0.2
2 0 0
0 .2
6 5 0 3 0 0
7 0 0 7 5 2 0 0
A P P E 9 N 2 D 1 I X 1
922 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (a) Low pressures, 0 < P < 1.0 R
T = 5.00 R
3.00
1.0 0 . 6 0 0
8. 0 0
6. 0 0
5 .0 0
0 .
. 6 7 5 5 .
0.9
4. 0 0 . 5 0 3
0 7
2.00
3. 0 0 0 2. 6 2. 4 0 2 0 2.
1.60
0 2. 0
0
1.40
0 1. 8
0 . 8 0
0
1. 6 5 0 1. 0 1. 4 0 1. 3
0 .8 5
0.8
0 .9 0
– v T P R — = Z , 0.7 R O T C A F Y T I L I B I S S E R P M O C
T = 2.5 R T = 15
NOTE
R
Z 1.00
1.30
0 1. 2
1.2 0
0
1. 1
1.15
0 1. 0
0 0. 9
≈
≈
0 . 9 5
= 3.00 T R
1 .0 5
1.00
Pcr
T REDUCED TEMPERATURE, T = —– R T cr
v
CHART No. 1
20
Z 0.95
0 . 6 0
0 . 6 5
15 0 10 . 7 0
0.90
0.00
= 1 . 0
0.80 v
R
0.4
T
R
0.85 12
PSEUDO REDUCED VOLUME, v = ––—––– R RT cr / Pcr
0.05
0.75 0.10
P R
1953
0.3 0.0
2.00 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.90
30
REDUCED PRESSURE, P = —– R
7 . = 0
v R
NELSON — OBERT GENERALIZED COMPRESSIBILITY CHARTS P
0.5
0
0 0. 8
---DEVIATION > 1.0%
0.6
1 .1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5 REDUCED PRESSURE,
0.6 P R
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
923 APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–16 Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude Altitude, m
Temperature, 8C
Pressure, kPa
Gravity g , m/s2
Speed of Sound, m/s
Density, kg/m3
Thermal Conductivity, W/m·K
Viscosity kg/m·s
m,
25
0 200 400 600 800
15.00 13.70 12.40 11.10 9.80
101.33 98.95 96.61 94.32 92.08
9.807 9.806 9.805 9.805 9.804
340.3 339.5 338.8 338.0 337.2
1.225 1.202 1.179 1.156 1.134
1.789 1.783 1.777 1.771 1.764
3 10
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
8.50 7.20 5.90 4.60 3.30
89.88 87.72 85.60 83.53 81.49
9.804 9.803 9.802 9.802 9.801
336.4 335.7 334.9 334.1 333.3
1.112 1.090 1.069 1.048 1.027
1.758 1.752 1.745 1.739 1.732
3 102 3 10
25
2000 2200 2400 2600 2800
2.00 0.70 20.59 21.89 23.19
79.50 77.55 75.63 73.76 71.92
9.800 9.800 9.799 9.799 9.798
332.5 331.7 331.0 330.2 329.4
1.007 0.987 0.967 0.947 0.928
1.726 1.720 1.713 1.707 1.700
3 10
25
3000 3200 3400
24.49
70.12 68.36 66.63
9.797 9.797 9.796
328.6 327.8 327.0
0.909 0.891 0.872
1.694 1.687 1.681
3 10
25
3 10
25
25.79 27.09
25 3 10 25 3 10 5 3 102 3 10
25
5
25 3 10 3 1025 25 3 10 3 10 25 3 10 25 3 10 5 3 102 25
5 3 102 5
0.0253 0.0252 0.0252 0.0251 0.0250 0.0249 0.0248 0.0247 0.0245 0.0244 0.0243 0.0242 0.0241 0.0240 0.0239 0.0238 0.0237 0.0236
924 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–17 Ideal-gas properties of air T K
h kJ/kg
P r
u kJ/kg
v r
s 8 kJ/kg·K
T K
h kJ/kg
P r
u kJ/kg
200 210 220 230 240
199.97 209.97 219.97 230.02 240.02
0.3363 0.3987 0.4690 0.5477 0.6355
142.56 149.69 156.82 164.00 171.13
1707.0 1512.0 1346.0 1205.0 1084.0
1.29559 1.34444 1.39105 1.43557 1.47824
580 590 600 610 620
586.04 596.52 607.02 617.53 628.07
14.38 15.31 16.28 17.30 18.36
419.55 427.15 434.78 442.42 450.09
115.7 110.6 105.8 101.2 96.92
2.37348 2.39140 2.40902 2.42644 2.44356
250 260 270 280 285
250.05 260.09 270.11 280.13 285.14
0.7329 0.8405 0.9590 1.0889 1.1584
178.28 185.45 192.60 199.75 203.33
979.0 887.8 808.0 738.0 706.1
1.51917 1.55848 1.59634 1.63279 1.65055
630 640 650 660 670
638.63 649.22 659.84 670.47 681.14
19.84 20.64 21.86 23.13 24.46
457.78 465.50 473.25 481.01 488.81
92.84 88.99 85.34 81.89 78.61
2.46048 2.47716 2.49364 2.50985 2.52589
290 295 298 300 305
290.16 295.17 298.18 300.19 305.22
1.2311 1.3068 1.3543 1.3860 1.4686
206.91 210.49 212.64 214.07 217.67
676.1 647.9 631.9 621.2 596.0
1.66802 1.68515 1.69528 1.70203 1.71865
680 690 700 710 720
691.82 702.52 713.27 724.04 734.82
25.85 27.29 28.80 30.38 32.02
496.62 504.45 512.33 520.23 528.14
75.50 72.56 69.76 67.07 64.53
2.54175 2.55731 2.57277 2.58810 2.60319
310 315 320 325 330
310.24 315.27 320.29 325.31 330.34
1.5546 1.6442 1.7375 1.8345 1.9352
221.25 224.85 228.42 232.02 235.61
572.3 549.8 528.6 508.4 489.4
1.73498 1.75106 1.76690 1.78249 1.79783
730 740 750 760 780
745.62 756.44 767.29 778.18 800.03
33.72 35.50 37.35 39.27 43.35
536.07 544.02 551.99 560.01 576.12
62.13 59.82 57.63 55.54 51.64
2.61803 2.63280 2.64737 2.66176 2.69013
v r
s 8 kJ/kg·K
925 APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–17 Ideal-gas properties of air (Concluded ) T K
h kJ/kg
P r
u kJ/kg
v r
s 8 kJ/kg·K
T K
h kJ/kg
1260 1280
1348.55 1372.24
290.8 310.4
986.90 1004.76
12.435 3.23638 11.835 3.25510
1600 1757.57 1620 1782.00
1300 1320 1340 1360 1380
1395.97 1419.76 1443.60 1467.49 1491.44
330.9 352.5 375.3 399.1 424.2
1022.82 1040.88 1058.94 1077.10 1095.26
11.275 10.747 10.247 9.780 9.337
3.27345 3.29160 3.30959 3.32724 3.34474
1640 1660 1680 1700 1750
1806.46 878.9 1830.96 925.6 1855.50 974.2 1880.1 1025 1941.6 1161
1335.72 5.355 1354.48 5.147 1373.24 4.949 1392.7 4.761 1439.8 4.328
3.55381 3.56867 3.58335 3.5979 3.6336
1400 1420 1440 1460 1480
1515.42 1539.44 1563.51 1587.63 1611.79
450.5 478.0 506.9 537.1 568.8
1113.52 1131.77 1150.13 1168.49 1186.95
8.919 8.526 8.153 7.801 7.468
3.36200 3.37901 3.39586 3.41247 3.42892
1800 1850 1900 1950 2000
2003.3 2065.3 2127.4 2189.7 2252.1
1310 1475 1655 1852 2068
1487.2 1534.9 1582.6 1630.6 1678.7
3.994 3.601 3.295 3.022 2.776
3.6684 3.7023 3.7354 3.7677 3.7994
1500 1520 1540 1560 1580
1635.97 1660.23 1684.51 1708.82 1733.17
601.9 636.5 672.8 710.5 750.0
1205.41 1223.87 1242.43 1260.99 1279.65
7.152 6.854 6.569 6.301 6.046
3.44516 3.46120 3.47712 3.49276 3.50829
2050 2100 2150 2200 2250
2314.6 2377.7 2440.3 2503.2 2566.4
2303 2559 2837 3138 3464
1726.8 1775.3 1823.8 1872.4 1921.3
2.555 2.356 2.175 2.012 1.864
3.8303 3.8605 3.8901 3.9191 3.9474
P r
u kJ/kg
v r
791.2 1298.30 5.804 834.1 1316.96 5.574
s 8 kJ/kg·K
3.52364 3.53879
Note: The properties P r (relative pressure) and v r (relative specific volume) are dimensionless quantities used in the analysis of isentropic processes, and should not be confused with the properties pressure and specific volume.
926 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–18 Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2 _ _ T h u K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol
_ s 8 kJ/kmol·K
T K
_ h kJ/kmol
_ u kJ/kmol
_ s 8 kJ/kmol·K
0 220 230 240 250
0 6,391 6,683 6,975 7,266
0 4,562 4,770 4,979 5,188
0 182.639 183.938 185.180 186.370
600 610 620 630 640
17,563 17,864 18,166 18,468 18,772
12,574 12,792 13,011 13,230 13,450
212.066 212.564 213.055 213.541 214.018
260 270 280 290 298
7,558 7,849 8,141 8,432 8,669
5,396 5,604 5,813 6,021 6,190
187.514 188.614 189.673 190.695 191.502
650 660 670 680 690
19,075 19,380 19,685 19,991 20,297
13,671 13,892 14,114 14,337 14,560
214.489 214.954 215.413 215.866 216.314
300 310 320 330 340
8,723 9,014 9,306 9,597 9,888
6,229 6,437 6,645 6,853 7,061
191.682 192.638 193.562 194.459 195.328
700 710 720 730 740
20,604 20,912 21,220 21,529 21,839
14,784 15,008 15,234 15,460 15,686
216.756 217.192 217.624 218.059 218.472
350 360 370 380
10,180 10,471 10,763 11,055
7,270 7,478 7,687 7,895
196.173 196.995 197.794 198.572
750 760 770 780
22,149 22,460 22,772 23,085
15,913 16,141 16,370 16,599
218.889 219.301 219.709 220.113
927 APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–18 Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2 ( Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s 8 K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol·K
T
_ h
_ u
_ s 8
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
1000 1020 1040 1060 1080
30,129 30,784 31,442 32,101 32,762
21,815 22,304 22,795 23,288 23,782
228.057 228.706 229.344 229.973 230.591
1760 1780 1800 1820 1840
56,227 56,938 57,651 58,363 59,075
41,594 42,139 42,685 43,231 43,777
247.396 247.798 248.195 248.589 248.979
1100 1120 1140 1160 1180
33,426 34,092 34,760 35,430 36,104
24,280 24,780 25,282 25,786 26,291
231.199 231.799 232.391 232.973 233.549
1860 1880 1900 1920 1940
59,790 60,504 61,220 61,936 62,654
44,324 44,873 45,423 45,973 46,524
249.365 249.748 250.128 250.502 250.874
1200 1220 1240 1260 1280
36,777 37,452 38,129 38,807 39,488
26,799 27,308 27,819 28,331 28,845
234.115 234.673 235.223 235.766 236.302
1960 1980 2000 2050 2100
63,381 64,090 64,810 66,612 68,417
47,075 47,627 48,181 49,567 50,957
251.242 251.607 251.969 252.858 253.726
1300 1320 1340 1360
40,170 40,853 41,539 42,227
29,361 29,378 30,398 30,919
236.831 237.353 237.867 238.376
2150 2200 2250 2300
70,226 72,040 73,856 75,676
52,351 53,749 55,149 56,553
254.578 255.412 256.227 257.027
928 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–19 Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O2 _ _ T h u K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol
_ s 8
T
_ h
_ u
_ s 8
kJ/kmol·K
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
0 220 230 240 250
0 6,404 6,694 6,984 7,275
0 4,575 4,782 4,989 5,197
0 196.171 197.461 198.696 199.885
600 610 620 630 640
17,929 18,250 18,572 18,895 19,219
12,940 13,178 13,417 13,657 13,898
226.346 226.877 227.400 227.918 228.429
260 270 280 290 298
7,566 7,858 8,150 8,443 8,682
5,405 5,613 5,822 6,032 6,203
201.027 202.128 203.191 204.218 205.033
650 660 670 680 690
19,544 19,870 20,197 20,524 20,854
14,140 14,383 14,626 14,871 15,116
228.932 229.430 229.920 230.405 230.885
300 310 320 330 340
8,736 9,030 9,325 9,620 9,916
6,242 6,453 6,664 6,877 7,090
205.213 206.177 207.112 208.020 208.904
700 710 720 730 740
21,184 21,514 21,845 22,177 22,510
15,364 15,611 15,859 16,107 16,357
231.358 231.827 232.291 232.748 233.201
350 360 370 380
10,213 10,511 10,809 11,109
7,303 7,518 7,733 7,949
209.765 210.604 211.423 212.222
750 760 770 780
22,844 23,178 23,513 23,850
16,607 16,859 17,111 17,364
233.649 234.091 234.528 234.960
929 APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–19 Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O2 (Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s 8 K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol·K
T
_ h
_ u
_ s 8
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
1000 1020 1040 1060 1080
31,389 32,088 32,789 33,490 34,194
23,075 23,607 24,142 24,677 25,214
243.471 244.164 244.844 245.513 246.171
1760 1780 1800 1820 1840
58,880 59,624 60,371 61,118 61,866
44,247 44,825 45,405 45,986 46,568
263.861 264.283 264.701 265.113 265.521
1100 1120 1140 1160 1180
34,899 35,606 36,314 37,023 37,734
25,753 26,294 26,836 27,379 27,923
246.818 247.454 248.081 248.698 249.307
1860 1880 1900 1920 1940
62,616 63,365 64,116 64,868 65,620
47,151 47,734 48,319 48,904 49,490
265.925 266.326 266.722 267.115 267.505
1200 1220 1240 1260 1280
38,447 39,162 39,877 40,594 41,312
28,469 29,018 29,568 30,118 30,670
249.906 250.497 251.079 251.653 252.219
1960 1980 2000 2050 2100
66,374 67,127 67,881 69,772 71,668
50,078 50,665 51,253 52,727 54,208
267.891 268.275 268.655 269.588 270.504
1300 1320 1340 1360
42,033 42,753 43,475 44,198
31,224 31,778 32,334 32,891
252.776 253.325 253.868 254.404
2150 2200 2250 2300
73,573 75,484 77,397 79,316
55,697 57,192 58,690 60,193
271.399 272.278 273.136 273.891
930 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–20 Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO2 _ _ T h u
_ s 8
T
_ h
_ u
_ s 8
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
0 220 230 240 250
0 6,601 6,938 7,280 7,627
0 4,772 5,026 5,285 5,548
0 202.966 204.464 205.920 207.337
600 610 620 630 640
22,280 22,754 23,231 23,709 24,190
17,291 17,683 18,076 18,471 18,869
243.199 243.983 244.758 245.524 246.282
260 270 280 290 298
7,979 8,335 8,697 9,063 9,364
5,817 6,091 6,369 6,651 6,885
208.717 210.062 211.376 212.660 213.685
650 660 670 680 690
24,674 25,160 25,648 26,138 26,631
19,270 19,672 20,078 20,484 20,894
247.032 247.773 248.507 249.233 249.952
300 310 320 330 340
9,431 9,807 10,186 10,570 10,959
6,939 7,230 7,526 7,826 8,131
213.915 215.146 216.351 217.534 218.694
700 710 720 730 740
27,125 27,622 28,121 28,622 29,124
21,305 21,719 22,134 22,522 22,972
250.663 251.368 252.065 252.755 253.439
350 360 370 380
11,351 11,748 12,148 12,552
8,439 8,752 9,068 9,392
219.831 220.948 222.044 223.122
750 760 770 780
29,629 30,135 30,644 31,154
23,393 23,817 24,242 24,669
254.117 254.787 255.452 256.110
931 APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–20 Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO2 (Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s 8
T
_ h
_ u
_ s 8
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
1000 1020 1040 1060 1080
42,769 43,859 44,953 46,051 47,153
34,455 35,378 36,306 37,238 38,174
269.215 270.293 271.354 272.400 273.430
1760 1780 1800 1820 1840
86,420 87,612 88,806 90,000 91,196
71,787 72,812 73,840 74,868 75,897
301.543 302.217 302.884 303.544 304.198
1100 1120 1140 1160 1180
48,258 49,369 50,484 51,602 52,724
39,112 40,057 41,006 41,957 42,913
274.445 275.444 276.430 277.403 278.361
1860 1880 1900 1920 1940
92,394 93,593 94,793 95,995 97,197
76,929 77,962 78,996 80,031 81,067
304.845 305.487 306.122 306.751 307.374
1200 1220 1240 1260 1280
53,848 54,977 56,108 57,244 58,381
43,871 44,834 45,799 46,768 47,739
297.307 280.238 281.158 282.066 282.962
1960 1980 2000 2050 2100
98,401 99,606 100,804 103,835 106,864
82,105 83,144 84,185 86,791 89,404
307.992 308.604 309.210 310.701 312.160
1300 1320 1340 1360
59,522 60,666 61,813 62,963
48,713 49,691 50,672 51,656
283.847 284.722 285.586 286.439
2150 2200 2250 2300
109,898 112,939 115,984 119,035
92,023 94,648 97,277 99,912
313.589 314.988 316.356 317.695
932 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–21 Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO _ _ _ T h u s 8
T
_ h
_ u
_ s 8
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
0 220 230 240 250
0 6,391 6,683 6,975 7,266
0 4,562 4,771 4,979 5,188
0 188.683 189.980 191.221 192.411
600 610 620 630 640
17,611 17,915 18,221 18,527 18,833
12,622 12,843 13,066 13,289 13,512
218.204 218.708 219.205 219.695 220.179
260 270 280 290 298
7,558 7,849 8,140 8,432 8,669
5,396 5,604 5,812 6,020 6,190
193.554 194.654 195.713 196.735 197.543
650 660 670 680 690
19,141 19,449 19,758 20,068 20,378
13,736 13,962 14,187 14,414 14,641
220.656 221.127 221.592 222.052 222.505
300 310 320 330 340
8,723 9,014 9,306 9,597 9,889
6,229 6,437 6,645 6,854 7,062
197.723 198.678 199.603 200.500 201.371
700 710 720 730 740
20,690 21,002 21,315 21,628 21,943
14,870 15,099 15,328 15,558 15,789
222.953 223.396 223.833 224.265 224.692
350 360 370 380
10,181 10,473 10,765 11,058
7,271 7,480 7,689 7,899
202.217 203.040 203.842 204.622
750 760 770 780
22,258 22,573 22,890 23,208
16,022 16,255 16,488 16,723
225.115 225.533 225.947 226.357
933 APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–21 Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO (Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s 8 K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol·K
T
_ h
_ u
_ s 8
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
1000 1020 1040 1060 1080
30,355 31,020 31,688 32,357 33,029
22,041 22,540 23,041 23,544 24,049
234.421 235.079 235.728 236.364 236.992
1760 1780 1800 1820 1840
56,756 57,473 58,191 58,910 59,629
42,123 42,673 43,225 43,778 44,331
253.991 254.398 254.797 255.194 255.587
1100 1120 1140 1160 1180
33,702 34,377 35,054 35,733 36,406
24,557 25,065 25,575 26,088 26,602
237.609 238.217 238.817 239.407 239.989
1860 1880 1900 1920 1940
60,351 61,072 61,794 62,516 63,238
44,886 45,441 45,997 46,552 47,108
255.976 256.361 256.743 257.122 257.497
1200 1220 1240 1260 1280
37,095 37,780 38,466 39,154 39,844
27,118 27,637 28,426 28,678 29,201
240.663 241.128 241.686 242.236 242.780
1960 1980 2000 2050 2100
63,961 64,684 65,408 67,224 69,044
47,665 48,221 48,780 50,179 51,584
257.868 258.236 258.600 259.494 260.370
1300 1320 1340 1360
40,534 41,226 41,919 42,613
29,725 30,251 30,778 31,306
243.316 243.844 244.366 244.880
2150 2200 2250 2300
70,864 72,688 74,516 76,345
52,988 54,396 55,809 57,222
261.226 262.065 262.887 263.692
934 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–22 Ideal-gas properties of hydrogen, H2 _ _ T h u
_ s 8
T
_ h
_ u
_ s 8
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
0 260 270 280 290
0 7,370 7,657 7,945 8,233
0 5,209 5,412 5,617 5,822
0 126.636 127.719 128.765 129.775
1440 1480 1520 1560 1600
42,808 44,091 45,384 46,683 47,990
30,835 31,786 32,746 33,713 34,687
177.410 178.291 179.153 179.995 180.820
298 300 320 340 360
8,468 8,522 9,100 9,680 10,262
5,989 6,027 6,440 6,853 7,268
130.574 130.754 132.621 134.378 136.039
1640 1680 1720 1760 1800
49,303 50,622 51,947 53,279 54,618
35,668 36,654 37,646 38,645 39,652
181.632 182.428 183.208 183.973 184.724
380 400 420 440 460
10,843 11,426 12,010 12,594 13,179
7,684 8,100 8,518 8,936 9,355
137.612 139.106 140.529 141.888 143.187
1840 1880 1920 1960 2000
55,962 57,311 58,668 60,031 61,400
40,663 41,680 42,705 43,735 44,771
185.463 186.190 186.904 187.607 188.297
480 500 520 560
13,764 14,350 14,935 16,107
9,773 10,193 10,611 11,451
144.432 145.628 146.775 148.945
2050 2100 2150 2200
63,119 64,847 66,584 68,328
46,074 47,386 48,708 50,037
189.148 189.979 190.796 191.598
935 APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–23 Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H2O _ _ T h u
_ s 8
T
_ h
_ u
_ s 8
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
0 220 230 240 250
0 7,295 7,628 7,961 8,294
0 5,466 5,715 5,965 6,215
0 178.576 180.054 181.471 182.831
600 610 620 630 640
20,402 20,765 21,130 21,495 21,862
15,413 15,693 15,975 16,257 16,541
212.920 213.529 214.122 214.707 215.285
260 270 280 290 298
8,627 8,961 9,296 9,631 9,904
6,466 6,716 6,968 7,219 7,425
184.139 185.399 186.616 187.791 188.720
650 660 670 680 690
22,230 22,600 22,970 23,342 23,714
16,826 17,112 17,399 17,688 17,978
215.856 216.419 216.976 217.527 218.071
300 310 320 330 340
9,966 10,302 10,639 10,976 11,314
7,472 7,725 7,978 8,232 8,487
188.928 190.030 191.098 192.136 193.144
700 710 720 730 740
24,088 24,464 24,840 25,218 25,597
18,268 18,561 18,854 19,148 19,444
218.610 219.142 219.668 220.189 220.707
350 360 370 380
11,652 11,992 12,331 12,672
8,742 8,998 9,255 9,513
194.125 195.081 196.012 196.920
750 760 770 780
25,977 26,358 26,741 27,125
19,741 20,039 20,339 20,639
221.215 221.720 222.221 222.717
936 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–23 Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H2O ( Continued ) _ _ _ T h u s 8 K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol·K
T
_ h
_ u
_ s 8
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
1000 1020 1040 1060 1080
35,882 36,709 37,542 38,380 39,223
27,568 28,228 28,895 29,567 30,243
232.597 233.415 234.223 235.020 235.806
1760 1780 1800 1820 1840
70,535 71,523 72,513 73,507 74,506
55,902 56,723 57,547 58,375 59,207
258.151 258.708 259.262 259.811 260.357
1100 1120 1140 1160 1180
40,071 40,923 41,780 42,642 43,509
30,925 31,611 32,301 32,997 33,698
236.584 237.352 238.110 238.859 239.600
1860 1880 1900 1920 1940
75,506 76,511 77,517 78,527 79,540
60,042 60,880 61,720 62,564 63,411
260.898 261.436 261.969 262.497 263.022
1200 1220 1240 1260 1280
44,380 45,256 46,137 47,022 47,912
34,403 35,112 35,827 36,546 37,270
240.333 241.057 241.773 242.482 243.183
1960 1980 2000 2050 2100
80,555 81,573 82,593 85,156 87,735
64,259 65,111 65,965 68,111 70,275
263.542 264.059 264.571 265.838 267.081
1300 1320 1340 1360
48,807 49,707 50,612 51,521
38,000 38,732 39,470 40,213
243.877 244.564 245.243 245.915
2150 2200 2250 2300
90,330 92,940 95,562 98,199
72,454 74,649 76,855 79,076
268.301 269.500 270.679 271.839
937 APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–24 Ideal-gas properties of monatomic oxygen, O _ _ _ T h u s 8
T
_ h
_ u
_ s 8
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
0 298 300 500 1000 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350
0 6,852 6,892 11,197 21,713 32,150 34,234 36,317 38,400 40,482 42,564 43,605 44,646 45,687 46,728 47,769 48,811 49,852
0 4,373 4,398 7,040 13,398 19,679 20,931 22,183 23,434 24,685 25,935 26,560 27,186 27,811 28,436 29,062 29,688 30,314
0 160.944 161.079 172.088 186.678 195.143 196.488 197.751 198.941 200.067 201.135 201.649 202.151 202.641 203.119 203.588 204.045 204.493
2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500
50,894 51,936 52,979 54,021 55,064 56,108 57,152 58,196 59,241 60,286 61,332 62,378 63,425 65,520 67,619 69,720 71,824 73,932
30,940 31,566 32,193 32,820 33,447 34,075 34,703 35,332 35,961 36,590 37,220 37,851 38,482 39,746 41,013 42,283 43,556 44,832
204.932 205.362 205.783 206.196 206.601 206.999 207.389 207.772 208.148 208.518 208.882 209.240 209.592 210.279 210.945 211.592 212.220 212.831
938 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–26 Enthalpy of formation, Gibbs function of formation, and absolute entropy at 258C, 1 atm _ _ _ h f 8 g f 8 s 8 Substance Formula kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol·K Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Water vapor Water Hydrogen peroxide Ammonia Methane Acetylene Ethylene Ethane Propylene Propane n -Butane n -Octane n -Octane
C(s ) H2(g ) N2(g ) O2(g ) CO(g ) CO2(g ) H2O(g ) H2O(,) H2O2(g ) NH3(g ) CH4(g ) C2H2(g ) C2H4(g ) C2H6(g ) C3H6(g ) C3H8(g ) C4H10(g ) C8H18(g ) C8H18(,)
0 0 0 0 2110,530 2393,520 2241,820 2285,830 2136,310 246,190 274,850 1226,730 +52,280 284,680 +20,410 2103,850 2126,150 2208,450 2249,950
0 0 0 0 2137,150 2394,360 2228,590 2237,180 2105,600 216,590 250,790 1209,170 168,120 232,890 162,720 223,490 215,710 116,530 +6,610
5.74 130.68 191.61 205.04 197.65 213.80 188.83 69.92 232.63 192.33 186.16 200.85 219.83 229.49 266.94 269.91 310.12 466.73 360.79
939 APPENDIX 1
TABLE A–27 Properties of some common fuels and hydrocarbons
Fuel (phase)
Formula
Molar mass, kg/kmol
Carbon (s ) Hydrogen (g ) Carbon monoxide (g ) Methane (g ) Methanol (,) Acetylene (g ) Ethane (g ) Ethanol (,) Propane (,) Butane (,) 1-Pentene (,) Isopentane (,) Benzene (,) Hexene (,) Hexane (,) Toluene (,) Heptane (,) Octane (,)
C H2 CO CH4 CH4O C2H2 C2H6 C2H6O C3H8 C4H10 C5H10 C5H12 C6H6 C6H12 C6H14 C7H8 C7H16 C8H18
12.011 2.016 28.013 16.043 32.042 26.038 30.070 46.069 44.097 58.123 70.134 72.150 78.114 84.161 86.177 92.141 100.204 114.231
Density,1 kg/L 2 — — — 0.790 — — 0.790 0.500 0.579 0.641 0.626 0.877 0.673 0.660 0.867 0.684 0.703
Enthalpy of vaporization,2 kJ/kg
Specific heat,1 c p kJ/kg·K
Higher heating value,3 kJ/kg
— — — 509 1168 — 172 919 335 362 363 — 433 392 366 412 365 363
0.708 14.4 1.05 2.20 2.53 1.69 1.75 2.44 2.77 2.42 2.20 2.32 1.72 1.84 2.27 1.71 2.24 2.23
32,800 141,800 10,100 55,530 22,660 49,970 51,900 29,670 50,330 49,150 47,760 48,570 41,800 47,500 48,310 42,400 48,100 47,890
Lower heating value,3 kJ/kg 32,800 120,000 10,100 50,050 19,920 48,280 47,520 26,810 46,340 45,370 44,630 44,910 40,100 44,400 44,740 40,500 44,600 44,430
940 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–28 Natural logarithms of the equilibrium constant K p The equilibrium constant K p for the reaction
nA A + nB B ∆ nC C + nD D is
defined as K p
;
nC PC P Dn D
P An A P Bn B
Temp., K 298 500 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4500
H2
∆ 2H
O2
∆ 2O
N2
∆ 2N
H2O
∆ H 2 + 1 / 2O2
H2O
∆ 1 / 2H2
+ OH
CO2
∆ CO
+ 1 / 2O2
1
/ 2N2 + 1 / 2O2
∆ NO
2164.005
2186.975
2367.480
292.208
2106.208
2103.762
235.052
292.827
2105.630
2213.372
252.691
260.281
257.616
220.295
239.803
245.150
299.127
223.163
226.034
223.529
29.388
230.874
235.005
280.011
218.182
220.283
217.871
27.569
224.463
227.742
266.329
214.609
216.099
213.842
26.270
219.637
222.285
256.055
211.921
213.066
210.830
25.294
215.866
218.030
248.051
29.826
210.657
28.497
24.536
212.840
214.622
241.645
28.145
28.728
26.635
23.931
210.353
211.827
236.391
26.768
27.148
25.120
23.433
28.276
29.497
232.011
25.619
25.832
23.860
23.019
26.517
27.521
228.304
24.648
24.719
22.801
22.671
25.002
25.826
225.117
23.812
23.763
21.894
22.372
23.685
24.357
222.359
23.086
22.937
21.111
22.114
22.534
23.072
219.937
22.451
22.212
20.429
21.888
21.516
21.935
217.800
21.891
21.576
21.690
20.609
20.926
215.898
21.392
21.088
0.202 0.934 2.486
20.019
214.199
20.945
20.501
0.796 2.513
212.660
20.542
20.044
29.414
0.312
0.920
0.169 0.701 1.176 1.599 2.490
21.513 21.356 21.216 20.921
941 APPENDIX 1
7.5
0.50
7.0
0.55 T
R
0.60
6.5 0.65 0.70
6.0 S a t u r a t e d l i q u i d
5.5
0.75 0.80 0.90
5.0
0.94 0.92 0.98 0.96
0.75 0.80
– 4.5 h r – — c l — T a e R 4.0 d i — h — =
3.5
– h – r – — c l T 3.0 — a u e d R i — h – — 2.5 =
0.85
1.02 0.85
1.06 0.90
1.00 1.04 1.08
1.10 1.15
0.92 0.94
1.20
0.96
1.25
1.30 0.98
1.40
h
Z
e r u t r a p e d y p l a h
2.0
1.50
1.5
1.70 1.80
1.0
0
0 1 0 1. 2 1. 3 0
1.60
1.90 2.00 2.20
942 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
10.0
– 0.500
e r u t r a p e d y p o r t n E
9.0
s – — l — R 0.400 a
e d i — s
— =
0.300
— 0.100 =
–
0
7.0 0.55
e d i —
0.60
s
—
=
6.0
– s – — l — u a e R d i — s — 5.0 = s Z
e r u t r a p e d y
S S a t a u t r u a r t a e t d e d l i g q a u s i d
0.65 0.70
0.75
0.75
0.80
0.80 0.85
4.0
0.90 0.90
0.94
0.85 0.92
T R
0 1. 0 1. 1 0
1. 4 0 1.60
0.000
0.50
9 . 0 = 0
1. 2 0
d i — s
Z
s – — l R a —
0 0 8.
–
T R
8.0
d d a t a ee r r t u u t t a a S S
s – — 0.200 l — u a e R
s
r r u o a p o a p
v v
2.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 P R
ASHRAE Psychrometric Chart No. 1 Normal Temperature Barometric Pressure: 101.325 k Pa ©1992 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
0.36 30
Sea Level 0 . 9 4
100 ∑ 1 0. 0
5. 0
1.0
1.0
0.8 0. 7
0. 6 0. 5
0 .4
0 4.
Sensible heat —————– = Total heat
3 0 .
2 . 0
0 . 3
1 . 0
30
–∑
1.5 – 5 .0 2 .0 4 .0 – 2 . 0 ∑ D H S – —— – 2 4 .0 0 .0 D H T – .0 1 . – 0 0 1 . – . 5 0 0
26 90
2 . 0
2 . 5
Enthalpy Dh —————— = —— Humidity ratio D
40
0.45 80
a i r d r y m r a o g k i l 70 e r p l e s j o u i l o k ( h ) 60 l p y t h a n E C e ° t u r 50 e r a 20 p t e m o n a t i r t u S a
25
2 5 w e t b u 0 . 9 l b t em 0 p e r at u r e ° C
% 0 9 % 0 8
% 7 0
2 0
% 6 0
0 . 9 2 v o l u m e c u b i c m e t e r p e r k i l o g r a m d r y a i r
0 . 8 8
% 5 0
S T
r i a 22 y r d m a r g 20 o l i k r e p e r u 18 t s i o m s m 16 a r g ) ( o i t a 14 r y t i d i m 12 u H
15
0 . 8 6
1 5
% 4 0
0.60 0.65 90
0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.0
70 6
2 0 %
5
0
— H H D D — = 0.50 t – a t e — a h e e — h l l b a i — t s o 0.55 n T e — S —
8
0 . 8 4
1 0
0 . 7 8
100
10
3 0 %
10 20
0
110
80
30
0 . 8 2
5
120
3 0 24
. 2
0
0.40
28
h l a t i v e 1 0 % r e
m i d i t y
4
u
0 . 8 0
60 2
10
20
30
40
Dry bulb temperature °C Prepared by Center for Applied Thermodynamic St udies, University of Idaho.
FIGURE A–31 Psychrometric chart at 1 atm total pressure. Reprinted by permission of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, GA; used with permission.
50
A P P E 9 N 4 D 3 I X 1
944 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–32 One-dimensional isentropic compressible-flow functions for an ideal gas with k 5 1.4 Ma
Ma*
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0
0 0.1094 0.2182 0.3257 0.4313 0.5345 0.6348 0.7318 0.8251 0.9146 1.0000 1.1583 1.2999 1.4254 1.5360 1.6330 1.7179 1.7922 1.8571 1.9140 1.9640
A / A* `
5.8218 2.9635 2.0351 1.5901 1.3398 1.1882 1.0944 1.0382 1.0089 1.0000 1.0304 1.1149 1.2502 1.4390 1.6875 2.0050 2.4031 2.8960 3.5001 4.2346
P / P0
r / r 0
T / T0
1.0000 0.9930 0.9725 0.9395 0.8956 0.8430 0.7840 0.7209 0.6560 0.5913 0.5283 0.4124 0.3142 0.2353 0.1740 0.1278 0.0935 0.0684 0.0501 0.0368 0.0272
1.0000 0.9950 0.9803 0.9564 0.9243 0.8852 0.8405 0.7916 0.7400 0.6870 0.6339 0.5311 0.4374 0.3557 0.2868 0.2300 0.1841 0.1472 0.1179 0.0946 0.0760
1.0000 0.9980 0.9921 0.9823 0.9690 0.9524 0.9328 0.9107 0.8865 0.8606 0.8333 0.7764 0.7184 0.6614 0.6068 0.5556 0.5081 0.4647 0.4252 0.3894 0.3571
Å a ba
Ma* 5 Ma A A* P P0 r r 0
T T 0
5
5
5
5
1
k 1 1
2 1 (k 2 1)Ma2 2
Ma k 1 1
a a a
1 1 1 1 1 1
k 2 1
2 k 2 1
2 k 2 1
2
1 1
Ma2 Ma2 Ma2
b b b
k 2 1
2
Ma2
2k /(k 2 1)
21/(k 2 1)
21
bd
0.5(k 1 1)/(k 2 1)
945 APPENDIX 1
T 01 5 T 02
Ma2 5 P2 P1 r 2 r 1
T 2 T 1
P02 P01 P02 P1
5
5
5
5
5
TABLE A–33
Å
(k 2 1)Ma21 1 2k Ma21 2
1 1 k Ma21 1 1 k Ma22 P2/P1 T 2/T 1
5
2
One-dimensional normal-shock functions for an ideal gas with k 5 1.4
k 1 1
5
2k Ma21 2
k 1 1
k 1 1
(k 1 1)Ma21 2 1 (k 2 1)Ma21
5
V 1 V 2
2 1 Ma21(k 2 1) 2 1 Ma22(k 2 1)
c
Ma1 1 1 Ma22(k 2 1)/2 Ma2 1 1 Ma21(k 2 1)/2
d
(k 1 1)/[2(k 2 1)]
(1 1 k Ma21)[ 1 1 Ma22(k 2 1)/2] k /(k 21) 1 1 k Ma22
Ma1
Ma2
P 2 / P1
r 2 / r1
T 2 / T1
P 02 / P01
P 02 / P1
1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0
1.0000 0.9118 0.8422 0.7860 0.7397 0.7011 0.6684 0.6405 0.6165 0.5956 0.5774 0.5613 0.5471 0.5344 0.5231 0.5130 0.5039 0.4956 0.4882 0.4814 0.4752
1.0000 1.2450 1.5133 1.8050 2.1200 2.4583 2.8200 3.2050 3.6133 4.0450 4.5000 4.9783 5.4800 6.0050 6.5533 7.1250 7.7200 8.3383 8.9800 9.6450 10.3333
1.0000 1.1691 1.3416 1.5157 1.6897 1.8621 2.0317 2.1977 2.3592 2.5157 2.6667 2.8119 2.9512 3.0845 3.2119 3.3333 3.4490 3.5590 3.6636 3.7629 3.8571
1.0000 1.0649 1.1280 1.1909 1.2547 1.3202 1.3880 1.4583 1.5316 1.6079 1.6875 1.7705 1.8569 1.9468 2.0403 2.1375 2.2383 2.3429 2.4512 2.5632 2.6790
1.0000 0.9989 0.9928 0.9794 0.9582 0.9298 0.8952 0.8557 0.8127 0.7674 0.7209 0.6742 0.6281 0.5833 0.5401 0.4990 0.4601 0.4236 0.3895 0.3577 0.3283
1.8929 2.1328 2.4075 2.7136 3.0492 3.4133 3.8050 4.2238 4.6695 5.1418 5.6404 6.1654 6.7165 7.2937 7.8969 8.5261 9.1813 9.8624 10.5694 11.3022 12.0610
946 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
T 0
TABLE A–34
T 0*
Rayleigh flow functions for an ideal gas with k 5 1.4 Ma
T 0 / T T 0*
P 0 / P P 0*
/ T T T *
/ P P P *
/ V V V *
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0
0.0000 0.0468 0.1736 0.3469 0.5290 0.6914 0.8189 0.9085 0.9639 0.9921 1.0000 0.9787 0.9343 0.8842 0.8363 0.7934 0.7561 0.7242 0.6970 0.6738 0.6540
1.2679 1.2591 1.2346 1.1985 1.1566 1.1141 1.0753 1.0431 1.0193 1.0049 1.0000 1.0194 1.0777 1.1756 1.3159 1.5031 1.7434 2.0451 2.4177 2.8731 3.4245
0.0000 0.0560 0.2066 0.4089 0.6151 0.7901 0.9167 0.9929 1.0255 1.0245 1.0000 0.9118 0.8054 0.7017 0.6089 0.5289 0.4611 0.4038 0.3556 0.3149 0.2803
2.4000 2.3669 2.2727 2.1314 1.9608 1.7778 1.5957 1.4235 1.2658 1.1246 1.0000 0.7958 0.6410 0.5236 0.4335 0.3636 0.3086 0.2648 0.2294 0.2004 0.1765
0.0000 0.0237 0.0909 0.1918 0.3137 0.4444 0.5745 0.6975 0.8101 0.9110 1.0000 1.1459 1.2564 1.3403 1.4046 1.4545 1.4938 1.5252 1.5505 1.5711 1.5882
P0 P* 0 T T * P P* V V *
5
5
5
5
5
(k 1 1 1)Ma2 [2 1 (k 2 2 1)Ma2] (1 1 k Ma Ma2)2 k 1 1 1
1 1 k Ma Ma2
a
a
Ma(1 1 k ) 1 1 k Ma Ma2
2 1 (k 2 2 1)Ma2
b
1 1 k 1 2
1 1 k 1 1 k Ma Ma2 r * r
5
(1 1 k )Ma )Ma2 1 1 k Ma Ma2
b
/(k 2 1) k
APPENDIX
2
PROP ERTY T ABLE S AND CHARTS (ENGLISH UNITS)
Table A–1E
Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties
Table A–2E
Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases
Table A–3E
Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods
Table A–4E
Saturated water—Temperature table
Table A–5E
Saturated water—P water—Pressure ressure table
Table A–6E
Superheated water
Table A–7E
Compressed liquid water
Table A–8E
Saturated ice–water vapor
958 962 963
956
954
949 952
948
948 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–1E Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties
Substance
Molar mass, M Formula lbm/lbmol
Air Ammonia Argon Benzene Bromine n-Butane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Chlorine Chloroform Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) Dichlorofluoromethane (R-21) Ethane Ethyl alcohol Ethylene Helium n-Hexane Hydrogen (normal)
— NH3 Ar C6H6 Br2 C4H10 CO2 CO CCl4 Cl2 CHCl3 CCl2F2 CHCl2F C2H6 C2H5OH C2H4 He C6H14 H
28.97 17.03 39.948 78.115 159.808 58.124 44.01 28.011 153.82 70.906 119.38 120.91 102.92 30.020 46.07 28.054 4.003 86.178 2.016
Gas constant, R
Btu/ lbm?R*
psia?ft3 / lbm?R*
0.06855 0.1166 0.04971 0.02542 0.01243 0.03417 0.04513 0.07090 0.01291 0.02801 0.01664 0.01643 0.01930 0.06616 0.04311 0.07079 0.4961 0.02305 0.9851
0.3704 0.6301 0.2686 0.1374 0.06714 0.1846 0.2438 0.3831 0.06976 0.1517 0.08988 0.08874 0.1043 0.3574 0.2329 0.3825 2.6809 0.1245 5.3224
Critical-point properties
Temperature, R 238.5 729.8 272 1012 1052 765.2 547.5 240 1001.5 751 965.8 692.4 813.0 549.8 929.0 508.3 9.5 914.2 59.9
Pressure, psia 547 1636 705 714 1500 551 1071 507 661 1120 794 582 749 708 926 742 33.2 439 188.1
Volume, ft3 /lbmol 1.41 1.16 1.20 4.17 2.17 4.08 1.51 1.49 4.42 1.99 3.85 3.49 3.16 2.37 2.68 1.99 0.926 5.89 1.04
949 APPENDIX 2
TABLE A–2E Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (a ) At 808F Gas
Formula
Air Argon Butane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Ethane Ethylene Helium Hydrogen Methane Neon Nitrogen Octane Oxygen Propane Steam
— Ar C4H10 CO2 CO C2H6 C2H4 He H2 CH4 Ne N2 C8H18 O2 C3H8 H2O
Gas constant, R Btu/lbm?R 0.06855 0.04971 0.03424 0.04513 0.07090 0.06616 0.07079 0.4961 0.9851 0.1238 0.09840 0.07090 0.01742 0.06206 0.04504 0.1102
c p Btu/lbm?R
0.240 0.1253 0.415 0.203 0.249 0.427 0.411 1.25 3.43 0.532 0.246 0.248 0.409 0.219 0.407 0.445
c Btu/lbm?R
k
0.171 0.0756 0.381 0.158 0.178 0.361 0.340 0.753 2.44 0.403 0.1477 0.177 0.392 0.157 0.362 0.335
1.400 1.667 1.09 1.285 1.399 1.183 1.208 1.667 1.404 1.32 1.667 1.400 1.044 1.395 1.124 1.329
v
Source of Data: Gordon J. Van Wylen and Richard E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, English/SI Version, 3rd ed. (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1986), p. 687, Table A–8E.
950
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–2E
Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (Continued ) (b ) At various temperatures Temp., 8F
c p Btu/lbm?R
c Btu/lbm?R v
k
c p Btu/lbm?R
Air
40 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1500 2000
0.240 0.240 0.241 0.243 0.245 0.248 0.250 0.254 0.257 0.259 0.263 0.276 0.286
40 100 200
3.397 3.426 3.451
0.171 0.172 0.173 0.174 0.176 0.179 0.182 0.185 0.188 0.191 0.195 0.208 0.217 Hydrogen , H 2 2.412 2.441 2.466
c Btu/lbm?R v
k
Carbon dioxide, C0 2
c p Btu/lbm?R
c Btu/lbm?R v
k
Carbon monoxide, CO
1.401 1.400 1.397 1.394 1.389 1.383 1.377 1.371 1.365 1.358 1.353 1.330 1.312
0.195 0.205 0.217 0.229 0.239 0.247 0.255 0.262 0.269 0.275 0.280 0.298 0.312
0.150 0.160 0.172 0.184 0.193 0.202 0.210 0.217 0.224 0.230 0.235 0.253 0.267 Nitrogen , N 2
1.300 1.283 1.262 1.246 1.233 1.223 1.215 1.208 1.202 1.197 1.192 1.178 1.169
0.248 0.249 0.249 0.251 0.253 0.256 0.259 0.262 0.266 0.269 0.273 0.287 0.297
1.409 1.404 1.399
0.248 0.248 0.249
0.177 0.178 0.178
1.400 1.399 1.398
0.219 0.220 0.223
0.177 0.178 0.179 0.180 0.182 0.185 0.188 0.191 0.195 0.198 0.202 0.216 0.226 Oxygen , O 2 0.156 0.158 0.161
1.400 1.399 1.397 1.394 1.389 1.384 1.377 1.371 1.364 1.357 1.351 1.328 1.314 1.397 1.394 1.387
951 APPENDIX 2
TABLE A–2E Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (Concluded ) (c ) As a function of temperature 1 cT 2 c# p 5 a 1 bT 1 #
1
dT 3
(T in R, c p in Btu/lbmol?R) Temperature Substance
Formula
Nitrogen Oxygen Air Hydrogen Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Water vapor Nitric oxide Nitrous oxide Nitrogen dioxide Ammonia Sulfur Sulfur dioxide Sulfur trioxide Acetylene Benzene Methanol
N2 O2 — H2 CO CO2 H2O NO N2O NO2 NH3 S2 SO2 SO3 C2H2 C6H6 CH4O
a
b
6.903 6.085 6.713 6.952 6.726 5.316 7.700 7.008 5.758 5.48 6.5846 6.499 6.157 3.918 5.21 28.650 4.55
20.02085 3 1022 22
0.2017 3 10 0.02609 3 1022 20.02542 3 1022 0.02222 3 1022 0.79361 3 1022 0.02552 3 1022 20.01247 3 1022 0.7780 3 1022 0.7583 3 1022 0.34028 3 1022 0.2943 3 1022 0.7689 3 1022 1.935 3 1022 1.2227 3 1022 6.4322 3 1022 1.214 3 1022 2
range, R
c
d
0.05957 3 1025 20.05275 3 1025 0.03540 3 1025 0.02952 3 1025 0.03960 3 1025 20.2581 3 1025 0.07781 3 1025 0.07185 3 1025 20.2596 3 1025 20.260 3 1025 0.073034 3 1025 20.1200 3 1025 20.2810 3 1025 20.8256 3 1025 20.4812 3 1025 22.327 3 1025 20.0898 3 1025
20.1176 3 1029
5
0.05372 3 1029 20.08052 3 1029 20.03565 3 1029 20.09100 3 1029 0.3059 3 1029 20.1472 3 1029 20.1715 3 1029 0.4331 3 1029 0.322 3 1029 20.27402 3 1029 0.1632 3 1029 0.3527 3 1029 1.328 3 1029 0.7457 3 1029 3.179 3 1029 20.329 3 1029 9
491-3240 491-3240 491-3240 491-3240 491-3240 491-3240 491-3240 491-2700 491-2700 491-2700 491-2700 491-3240 491-3240 491-2340 491-2700 491-2700 491-1800
% error
Max. Avg. 0.59 1.19 0.72 1.02 0.89 0.67 0.53 0.97 0.59 0.46 0.91 0.99 0.45 0.29 1.46 0.34 0.18
0.34 0.28 0.33 0.26 0.37 0.22 0.24 0.36 0.26 0.18 0.36 0.38 0.24 0.13 0.59 0.20 0.08
952 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–3E Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (a ) Liquids Boiling data at 1 atm
Substance Ammonia
Argon Benzene Brine (20% sodium chloride by mass) n -Butane -Butane Carbon dioxide Ethanol Ethyl alcohol Ethylene glycol Glycerine Helium Hydrogen
Normal boiling point, 8F 227.9
2302.6
176.4
219.0 31.1 2109.2* 172.8 173.5 388.6 355.8 2452.1 423.0
Latent heat of vaporization, h fg Btu/lbm 24.54
69.5 169.4
— 165.6 99.6 (at 328F) 360.5 368 344.0 419 9.80 191.7
Freezing data
Freezing point, 8F 2107.9
2308.7
41.9
0.7 2217.3 269.8 2173.6 2248.8
12.6 66.0 — 434.5
Liquid properties
Latent heat of fusion, h if Btu/lbm
Temperature, 8F
Density, r lbm/ft lbm/ft3
Specific heat, c p Btu/lbm?R
138.6
227.9
12.0 54.2
0 40 80 2302.6 68
42.6 41.3 39.5 37.5 87.0 54.9
1.06 1.083 1.103 1.135 0.272 0.411
— 34.5 — 46.9 46.4 77.9 86.3 — 25.6
68 31.1 32 77 68 68 68 2452.1 423.0
71.8 37.5 57.8 48.9 49.3 69.2 78.7 9.13 4.41
0.743 0.552 0.583 0.588 0.678 0.678 0.554 5.45 2.39
953 APPENDIX 2
TABLE A–3E Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (Concluded ) (b ) Solids (values are for room temperature unless indicated otherwise)
Substance
Density, r lbm/ft3
Specific heat, c p Btu/lbm?R
Metals Aluminum 21008F 328F 1008F 2008F 3008F 4008F 5008F Bronze (76% Cu, 2% Zn, 2% Al) Brass, yellow (65% Cu, 35% Zn) Copper 2608F 08F 1008F 2008F 3908F
Substance
Density, r lbm/ft3
Specific heat, c p Btu/lbm?R
Nonmetals
517
0.192 0.212 0.218 0.224 0.229 0.235 0.240 0.0955
519
0.0955
555
0.0862 0.0893 0.0925 0.0938 0.0963
170
Asphalt Brick, common Brick, fireclay (5008C) Concrete Clay Diamond Glass, window Glass, pyrex Graphite Granite Gypsum or plaster board Ice 2508F 08F 208F 328 F Limestone Marble 162
132 120 144 144 62.4 151 169 139 156 169 50
57.5 103 0.210
0.220 0.189 0.229 0.156 0.220 0.147 0.191 0.200 0.170 0.243 0.260 0.424 0.471 0.491 0.502 0.217
954 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–4E Saturated water—Temperature table Specific volume, ft3 /lbm Temp., T 8F
Sat. press., P sat psia
32.018 0.08871
Sat. liquid,
Sat. vapor,
v f
v g
Internal energy, Btu/lbm Sat. liquid, u f
Enthalpy, Btu/lbm
Entropy, Btu/lbm ?R
Evap., u fg
Sat. vapor, u g
Sat. liquid, h f
Evap., h fg
Sat. vapor, h g
Sat. liquid, s f
Evap., s fg
Sat. vapor, s g
35 40 45 50
0.09998 0.12173 0.14756 0.17812
0.01602 0.01602 0.01602 0.01602 0.01602
3299.9 2945.7 2443.6 2035.8 1703.1
0.000 3.004 8.032 13.05 18.07
1021.0 1019.0 1015.6 1012.2 1008.9
1021.0 1022.0 1023.7 1025.3 1026.9
0.000 3.004 8.032 13.05 18.07
1075.2 1073.5 1070.7 1067.8 1065.0
1075.2 1076.5 1078.7 1080.9 1083.1
0.00000 0.00609 0.01620 0.02620 0.03609
2.18672 2.17011 2.14271 2.11587 2.08956
2.1867 2.1762 2.1589 2.1421 2.1256
55 60 65 70 75
0.21413 0.25638 0.30578 0.36334 0.43016
0.01603 0.01604 0.01604 0.01605 0.01606
1430.4 1206.1 1020.8 867.18 739.27
23.07 28.08 33.08 38.08 43.07
1005.5 1002.1 998.76 995.39 992.02
1028.6 1030.2 1031.8 1033.5 1035.1
23.07 28.08 33.08 38.08 43.07
1062.2 1059.4 1056.5 1053.7 1050.9
1085.3 1087.4 1089.6 1091.8 1093.9
0.04586 0.05554 0.06511 0.07459 0.08398
2.06377 2.03847 2.01366 1.98931 1.96541
2.1096 2.0940 2.0788 2.0639 2.0494
80 85 90 95 100
0.50745 0.59659 0.69904 0.81643 0.95052
0.01607 0.01609 0.01610 0.01612 0.01613
632.41 542.80 467.40 403.74 349.83
48.06 53.06 58.05 63.04 68.03
988.65 985.28 981.90 978.52 975.14
1036.7 1038.3 1040.0 1041.6 1043.2
48.07 53.06 58.05 63.04 68.03
1048.0 1045.2 1042.4 1039.5 1036.7
1096.1 1098.3 1100.4 1102.6 1104.7
0.09328 0.10248 0.11161 0.12065 0.12961
1.94196 1.91892 1.89630 1.87408 1.85225
2.0352 2.0214 2.0079 1.9947 1.9819
110 120 130 140
1.2767 1.6951 2.2260 2.8931
0.01617 0.01620 0.01625 0.01629
264.96 202.94 157.09 122.81
78.01 88.00 97.99 107.98
968.36 961.56 954.73 947.87
1046.4 1049.6 1052.7 1055.9
78.02 88.00 97.99 107.99
1031.0 1025.2 1019.4 1013.6
1109.0 1113.2 1117.4 1121.6
0.14728 0.16466 0.18174 0.19855
1.80970 1.76856 1.72877 1.69024
1.9570 1.9332 1.9105 1.8888
955 APPENDIX 2
TABLE A–4E Saturated water—Temperature table (Concluded ) Specific volume, ft3 /lbm Temp., T 8F
Sat. press., P sat psia
400 410 420 430 440
247.26 276.69 308.76 343.64 381.49
0.01864 0.01878 0.01894 0.01910 0.01926
450 460 470 480 490
422.47 466.75 514.52 565.96 621.24
500 510 520 530 540
680.56 744.11 812.11 884.74 962.24
550 560 570 580
1044.8 1132.7 1226.2 1325.5
Sat. liquid,
Sat. vapor,
v f
v g
Internal energy, Btu/lbm
Enthalpy, Btu/lbm
Entropy, Btu/lbm ?R
Sat. liquid, u f
Evap., u fg
Sat. vapor, u g
Sat. liquid, h f
Evap., h fg
Sat. vapor, h g
Sat. liquid, s f
Evap., s fg
Sat. vapor, s g
1.8639 1.6706 1.5006 1.3505 1.2178
374.19 384.94 395.76 406.65 417.61
741.97 732.14 722.08 711.80 701.26
1116.2 1117.1 1117.8 1118.4 1118.9
375.04 385.90 396.84 407.86 418.97
826.39 816.71 806.74 796.46 785.87
1201.4 1202.6 1203.6 1204.3 1204.8
0.56663 0.57907 0.59145 0.60377 0.61603
0.96127 0.93908 0.91707 0.89522 0.87349
1.5279 1.5182 1.5085 1.4990 1.4895
0.01944 0.01962 0.01981 0.02001 0.02022
1.0999 0.99510 0.90158 0.81794 0.74296
428.66 439.79 451.01 462.34 473.77
690.47 679.39 668.02 656.34 644.32
1119.1 1119.2 1119.0 1118.7 1118.1
430.18 441.48 452.90 464.43 476.09
774.94 763.65 751.98 739.91 727.40
1205.1 1205.1 1204.9 1204.3 1203.5
0.62826 0.64044 0.65260 0.66474 0.67686
0.85187 0.83033 0.80885 0.78739 0.76594
1.4801 1.4708 1.4615 1.4521 1.4428
0.02044 0.02067 0.02092 0.02118 0.02146
0.67558 0.61489 0.56009 0.51051 0.46553
485.32 496.99 508.80 520.76 532.88
631.94 619.17 605.99 592.35 578.23
1117.3 1116.2 1114.8 1113.1 1111.1
487.89 499.84 511.94 524.23 536.70
714.44 700.99 687.01 672.47 657.31
1202.3 1200.8 1199.0 1196.7 1194.0
0.68899 0.70112 0.71327 0.72546 0.73770
0.74445 0.72290 0.70126 0.67947 0.65751
1.4334 1.4240 1.4145 1.4049 1.3952
0.02176 0.02207 0.02242 0.02279
0.42465 0.38740 0.35339 0.32225
545.18 557.68 570.40 583.37
563.58 548.33 532.45 515.84
1108.8 1106.0 1102.8 1099.2
549.39 562.31 575.49 588.95
641.47 624.91 607.55 589.29
1190.9 1187.2 1183.0 1178.2
0.75000 0.76238 0.77486 0.78748
0.63532 0.61284 0.59003 0.56679
1.3853 1.3752 1.3649 1.3543
956 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–5E Saturated water—Pressure table Specific volume, ft3 /lbm
Sat.
Sat.
Sat.
Internal energy, Btu/lbm Sat.
Sat.
Enthalpy, Btu/lbm Sat.
Entropy, Btu/lbm ?R Sat.
Sat.
Sat.
Press.,
temp.,
liquid,
vapor,
liquid,
Evap.,
vapor,
liquid,
Evap.,
vapor,
liquid,
Evap.,
vapor,
P psia
T sat 8F
v
v
u f
u fg
u g
h f
h fg
h g
s f
s fg
s g
1 2 3 4 5
101.69 126.02 141.41 152.91 162.18
0.01614 0.01623 0.01630 0.01636 0.01641
333.49 173.71 118.70 90.629 73.525
69.72 94.02 109.39 120.89 130.17
973.99 957.45 946.90 938.97 932.53
1043.7 1051.5 1056.3 1059.9 1062.7
69.72 94.02 109.40 120.90 130.18
1035.7 1021.7 1012.8 1006.0 1000.5
1105.4 1115.8 1122.2 1126.9 1130.7
0.13262 0.17499 0.20090 0.21985 0.23488
1.84495 1.74444 1.68489 1.64225 1.60894
1.9776 1.9194 1.8858 1.8621 1.8438
6 8 10 14.696 15
170.00 182.81 193.16 211.95 212.99
0.01645 0.01652 0.01659 0.01671 0.01672
61.982 47.347 38.425 26.805 26.297
138.00 150.83 161.22 180.12 181.16
927.08 918.08 910.75 897.27 896.52
1065.1 1068.9 1072.0 1077.4 1077.7
138.02 150.86 161.25 180.16 181.21
995.88 988.15 981.82 970.12 969.47
1133.9 1139.0 1143.1 1150.3 1150.7
0.24739 0.26757 0.28362 0.31215 0.31370
1.58155 1.53800 1.50391 1.44441 1.44441
1.8289 1.8056 1.7875 1.7566 1.7549
20 25 30 35 40
227.92 240.03 250.30 259.25 267.22
0.01683 0.01692 0.01700 0.01708 0.01715
20.093 16.307 13.749 11.901 10.501
196.21 208.45 218.84 227.92 236.02
885.63 876.67 868.98 862.19 856.09
1081.8 1085.1 1087.8 1090.1 1092.1
196.27 208.52 218.93 228.03 236.14
959.93 952.03 945.21 939.16 933.69
1156.2 1160.6 1164.1 1167.2 1169.8
0.33582 0.35347 0.36821 0.38093 0.39213
1.39606 1.36060 1.33132 1.30632 1.28448
1.7319 1.7141 1.6995 1.6872 1.6766
45 50 55 60
274.41 280.99 287.05 292.69
0.01721 0.01727 0.01732 0.01738
243.34 250.05 256.25 262.01
850.52 845.39 840.61 836.13
1093.9 1095.4 1096.9 1098.1
243.49 250.21 256.42 262.20
928.68 924.03 919.70 915.61
1172.2 1174.2 1176.1 1177.8
0.40216 0.41125 0.41958 0.42728
1.26506 1.24756 1.23162 1.21697
1.6672 1.6588 1.6512 1.6442
f
g
9.4028 8.5175 7.7882 7.1766
957 APPENDIX 2
TABLE A–5E Saturated water—Pressure table (Concluded ) Specific volume, ft3 /lbm
Sat.
Sat.
Sat.
Internal energy, Btu/lbm Sat.
Enthalpy, Btu/lbm Sat.
Sat.
Entropy, Btu/lbm ?R Sat.
Sat.
Sat.
Press.,
temp.,
liquid,
vapor,
liquid,
Evap.,
vapor,
liquid,
Evap.,
vapor,
liquid,
Evap.,
vapor,
P psia
T sat 8F
v
v
u f
u fg
u g
h f
h fg
h g
s f
s fg
s g
900 1000 1200
532.02 544.65 567.26
0.02124 0.02159 0.02232
0.50107 0.44604 0.36241
523.19 538.58 566.89
589.54 571.49 536.87
1112.7 1110.1 1103.8
526.73 542.57 571.85
669.46 650.03 612.39
1196.2 1192.6 1184.2
0.72793 0.74341 0.77143
0.67505 1.4030 0.64722 1.3906 0.59632 1.3677
1400 1600 1800 2000 2500
587.14 604.93 621.07 635.85 668.17
0.02307 0.02386 0.02470 0.02563 0.02860
0.30161 0.25516 0.21831 0.18815 0.13076
592.79 616.99 640.03 662.33 717.67
503.50 470.69 437.86 404.46 313.53
1096.3 1087.7 1077.9 1066.8 1031.2
598.76 624.06 648.26 671.82 730.90
575.66 539.18 502.35 464.60 360.79
1174.4 1163.2 1150.6 1136.4 1091.7
0.79658 0.81972 0.84144 0.86224 0.91311
0.54991 0.50645 0.46482 0.42409 0.31988
3000 3200.1
695.41 705.10
0.03433 0.04975
0.08460 0.04975
783.39 866.61
186.41 0
969.8 866.6
802.45 896.07
214.32 0
1016.8 896.1
0.97321 1.05257
0.18554 1.1587 0 1.0526
f
g
1.3465 1.3262 1.3063 1.2863 1.2330
958 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–6E Superheated water T 8F
u Btu/lbm
v
ft3 /lbm P
5
Sat.† 333.49 200 392.53 240 416.44 280 440.33 320 464.20 360 488.07 400 511.92 440 535.77 500 571.54 600 631.14 700 690.73 800 750.31 1000 869.47 1200 988.62 1400 1107.8
Sat. 240 280 320
26.297 27.429 29.085 30.722
1.0 psia (101.698F)* 1043.7 1077.5 1091.2 1105.0 1118.9 1132.9 1147.1 1161.3 1182.8 1219.4 1256.8 1295.1 1374.2 1457.1 1543.7
P
v h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm?R ft3 /lbm
5
1105.4 1150.1 1168.3 1186.5 1204.8 1223.3 1241.8 1260.4 1288.6 1336.2 1384.6 1433.9 1535.1 1640.0 1748.7
1.9776 2.0509 2.0777 2.1030 2.1271 2.1502 2.1722 2.1934 2.2237 2.2709 2.3146 2.3553 2.4299 2.4972 2.5590
v u h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm?R ft3 /lbm
P
73.525 78.153 83.009 87.838 92.650 97.452 102.25 107.03 114.21 126.15 138.09 150.02 173.86 197.70 221.54
15 psia (212.998F)
1077.7 1087.8 1102.4 1116.9
1150.7 1163.9 1183.2 1202.2
1.7549 1.7742 1.8010 1.8260
P
20.093 20.478 21.739 22.980
5
5.0 psia (162.188F)
1062.7 1076.2 1090.3 1104.3 1118.4 1132.5 1146.7 1160.9 1182.6 1219.2 1256.7 1294.9 1374.2 1457.0 1543.7 5
1130.7 1148.5 1167.1 1185.6 1204.1 1222.6 1241.3 1260.0 1288.2 1335.9 1384.4 1433.7 1535.0 1640.0 1748.7
1.8438 1.8716 1.8989 1.9246 1.9490 1.9722 1.9944 2.0156 2.0461 2.0933 2.1371 2.1778 2.2524 2.3198 2.3816
P
38.425 38.849 41.326 43.774 46.205 48.624 51.035 53.441 57.041 63.029 69.007 74.980 86.913 98.840 110.762
20 psia (227.928F)
1081.8 1086.5 1101.4 1116.1
1156.2 1162.3 1181.9 1201.2
1.7319 1.7406 1.7679 1.7933
u h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/ lbm?R
P
5
10 psia (193.168F)
1072.0 1074.5 1089.1 1103.4 1117.6 1131.9 1146.2 1160.5 1182.2 1219.0 1256.5 1294.8 1374.1 1457.0 1543.6 5 40
1143.1 1146.4 1165.5 1184.4 1203.1 1221.8 1240.6 1259.4 1287.8 1335.6 1384.2 1433.5 1534.9 1639.9 1748.6
1.7875 1.7926 1.8207 1.8469 1.8716 1.8950 1.9174 1.9388 1.9693 2.0167 2.0605 2.1013 2.1760 2.2433 2.3052
psia (267.228F)
10.501
1092.1 1169.8
1.6766
10.713 11.363
1097.3 1176.6 1112.9 1197.1
1.6858 1.7128
959 APPENDIX 2
TABLE A–6E Superheated water (Concluded ) T 8F
u Btu/lbm
v
ft3 /lbm P
5
Sat. 3.7289 360 3.8446 400 4.0799 450 4.3613 500 4.6340 550 4.9010 600 5.1642 700 5.6829 800 6.1950 1000 7.2083 1200 8.2137 1400 9.2149 1600 10.2135 1800 11.2106 2000 12.2067 P
Sat. 400 450 500
2.5322 2.6490 2.8514 3.0433
120 psia (341.258F) 1107.9 1116.7 1134.0 1154.5 1174.4 1193.9 1213.4 1252.2 1291.4 1371.7 1455.3 1542.3 1633.0 1727.2 1824.8
5
v h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm?R ft3 /lbm
1190.8 1202.1 1224.6 1251.4 1277.3 1302.8 1328.0 1378.4 1429.0 1531.8 1637.7 1746.9 1859.8 1976.1 2095.8
1.5883 1.6023 1.6292 1.6594 1.6872 1.7131 1.7375 1.7829 1.8247 1.9005 1.9684 2.0305 2.0881 2.1420 2.1928
180 psia (373.078F) 1113.0 1126.3 1148.7 1169.8
1197.3 1214.5 1243.7 1271.2
1.5548 1.5752 1.6082 1.6376
v u h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm?R ft3 /lbm
P
3.2202 3.2584 3.4676 3.7147 3.9525 4.1845 4.4124 4.8604 5.3017 6.1732 7.0367 7.8961 8.7529 9.6082 10.4624 P
2.2882 2.3615 2.5488 2.7247
5
140 psia (353.038F)
1109.9 1113.4 1131.5 1152.6 1172.9 1192.7 1212.3 1251.4 1290.8 1371.3 1455.0 1542.1 1632.8 1727.0 1824.6 5
1193.4 1197.8 1221.4 1248.9 1275.3 1301.1 1326.6 1377.3 1428.1 1531.3 1637.3 1746.6 1859.5 1975.9 2095.7
1.5757 1.5811 1.6092 1.6403 1.6686 1.6948 1.7195 1.7652 1.8072 1.8832 1.9512 2.0134 2.0711 2.1250 2.1758
200 psia (381.808F)
1114.1 1123.5 1146.7 1168.2
1198.8 1.5460 1210.9 1.5602 1241.0 1.5943 1269.0 1.6243
u h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/ lbm?R P
5
160 psia (363.548F)
2.8347
1111.6 1195.5
1.5647
3.0076 3.2293 3.4412 3.6469 3.8484 4.2434 4.6316 5.3968 6.1540 6.9070 7.6574 8.4063 9.1542
1129.0 1150.7 1171.4 1191.4 1211.3 1250.6 1290.2 1370.9 1454.7 1541.8 1632.6 1726.9 1824.5
1.5914 1.6234 1.6522 1.6788 1.7037 1.7498 1.7920 1.8682 1.9363 1.9986 2.0563 2.1102 2.1610
P
2.0423 2.0728 2.2457 2.4059
5
1218.0 1246.3 1273.2 1299.4 1325.2 1376.3 1427.3 1530.7 1636.9 1746.3 1859.3 1975.7 2095.5
225 psia (391.808F)
1115.3 1119.7 1144.1 1166.2
1200.3 1206.0 1237.6 1266.3
1.5360 1.5427 1.5783 1.6091
960 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–6E Superheated water (Continued) T 8F
u Btu/lbm
v
ft3 /lbm P
Sat. 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
1.3263 1.3739 1.4921 1.6004 1.7030 1.8018 1.8979 2.0848 2.2671 2.4464 2.7996 3.1484 3.4947 3.8394 4.1830
350 psia (431.748F) 1118.5 1129.3 1155.2 1178.6 1200.6 1221.9 1242.8 1284.1 1325.3 1366.9 1451.7 1539.6 1630.8 1725.4 1823.3
P
Sat. 500 550 600
5
0.92815 0.99304 1.07974 1.15876
5
v h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm?R ft3 /lbm
1204.4 1218.3 1251.9 1282.2 1310.9 1338.6 1365.8 1419.1 1472.2 1525.3 1633.0 1743.5 1857.1 1974.0 2094.2
1.4973 1.5128 1.5487 1.5795 1.6073 1.6328 1.6567 1.7009 1.7414 1.7791 1.8483 1.9111 1.9691 2.0233 2.0742
500 psia (467.048F) 1119.1 1140.1 1167.1 1191.4
1205.0 1231.9 1267.0 1298.6
1.4642 1.4928 1.5284 1.5590
v u h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm?R ft3 /lbm
P
1.1617 1.1747 1.2851 1.3840 1.4765 1.5650 1.6507 1.8166 1.9777 2.1358 2.4465 2.7527 3.0565 3.3586 3.6597 P
0.77020 0.79526 0.87542 0.94605
5
400 psia (444.628F)
1119.0 1205.0 1122.5 1209.4 1150.4 1245.6 1174.9 1277.3 1197.6 1306.9 1219.4 1335.3 1240.7 1362.9 1282.5 1417.0 1324.0 1470.4 1365.8 1523.9 1450.9 1632.0 1539.0 1742.7 1630.3 1856.5 1725.0 1973.6 1823.0 2093.9 5
1.4852 1.4901 1.5288 1.5610 1.5897 1.6158 1.6401 1.6849 1.7257 1.7636 1.8331 1.8960 1.9541 2.0084 2.0594
600 psia (486.248F)
1118.3 1128.2 1158.7 1184.9
1203.9 1216.5 1255.9 1289.9
1.4463 1.4596 1.4996 1.5325
u h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/ lbm?R P
5
450 psia (456.318F)
1.0324
1119.2
1205.2 1.4742
1.1233 1.2152 1.3001 1.3807 1.4584 1.6080 1.7526 1.8942 2.1718 2.4450 2.7157 2.9847 3.2527
1145.4 1171.1 1194.6 1216.9 1238.5 1280.8 1322.7 1364.7 1450.1 1538.4 1629.8 1724.6 1822.6
1238.9 1272.3 1302.8 1331.9 1360.0 1414.7 1468.6 1522.4 1631.0 1742.0 1856.0 1973.2 2093.5
P
5
1.5103 1.5441 1.5737 1.6005 1.6253 1.6706 1.7117 1.7499 1.8196 1.8827 1.9409 1.9952 2.0462
700 psia (503.138F)
0.65589 1116.9
1201.9
1.4305
0.72799 1149.5 0.79332 1177.9
1243.8 1280.7
1.4730 1.5087
961 APPENDIX 2
TABLE A–6E Superheated water (Concluded ) T 8F
u Btu/lbm
v
ft3 /lbm P
Sat. 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 1000 1100 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
0.27695 0.28189 0.33310 0.37198 0.40535 0.43550 0.46356 0.49015 0.54031 0.58781 0.63355 0.72172 0.80714 0.89090 0.97358 P
Sat. 0.13076 650 700 0.16849 750 0.20327
5
v h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm?R ft3 /lbm
1500 psia (596.268F) 1092.1 1097.2 1147.2 1183.6 1214.4 1242.2 1268.2 1293.1 1340.9 1387.3 1433.3 1525.7 1619.8 1716.4 1815.9
5 2 500
1169.0 1175.4 1239.7 1286.9 1326.9 1363.1 1396.9 1429.2 1490.8 1550.5 1609.2 1726.0 1843.8 1963.7 2086.1
1.3362 1.3423 1.4016 1.4433 1.4771 1.5064 1.5328 1.5569 1.6007 1.6402 1.6767 1.7432 1.8033 1.8589 1.9108
psia (668.178F)
P
v u h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm?R ft3 /lbm
5
1750 psia (617.178F)
u h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/ lbm?R P
5
2000 psia (635.858F)
0.22681 1080.5
1153.9 1.3112
0.18815 1066.8
1136.4
1.2863
0.26292 0.30252 0.33455 0.36266 0.38835 0.41238 0.45719 0.49917 0.53932 0.61621 0.69031 0.76273 0.83406
1207.9 1264.7 1309.8 1349.1 1385.1 1419.0 1482.9 1544.1 1603.9 1722.1 1840.9 1961.5 2084.3
0.20586 0.24894 0.28074 0.30763 0.33169 0.35390 0.39479 0.43266 0.46864 0.53708 0.60269 0.66660 0.72942
1167.6 1239.8 1291.3 1334.3 1372.8 1408.5 1474.9 1537.6 1598.5 1718.3 1838.0 1959.2 2082.6
1.3146 1.3783 1.4218 1.4567 1.4867 1.5134 1.5606 1.6021 1.6400 1.7081 1.7693 1.8255 1.8778
P
1122.8 1166.8 1201.5 1231.7 1259.3 1285.4 1334.9 1382.4 1429.2 1522.6 1617.4 1714.5 1814.2
5
1.3607 1.4108 1.4489 1.4807 1.5088 1.5341 1.5796 1.6201 1.6572 1.7245 1.7852 1.8410 1.8931
3000 psia (695.418F)
1031.2
1091.7 1.2330
0.08460
1098.4 1154.9
1176.3 1.3072 1249.0 1.3686
0.09838 1005.3 0.14840 1114.1
1091.4 1147.6 1187.4 1220.5 1250.0 1277.5 1328.7 1377.5 1425.1 1519.5 1615.0 1712.5 1812.6 P
5
3500 psia
969.8 1016.8 1.1587 1059.9 1.1960 1196.5 1.3118
0.02492 0.03065 0.10460
663.7 679.9 0.8632 760.0 779.9 0.9511 1057.6 1125.4 1.2434
962 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–7E Compressed liquid water T 8F
P
Sat. 32 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
5
0.019750 0.015994 0.015998 0.016107 0.016317 0.016607 0.016972 0.017417 0.017954 0.018609 0.019425
P
Sat. 32 50 100 200 300
u h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm?R
v
ft3 /lbm
5
500 psia (467.048F) 447.68 0.01 18.03 67.86 117.70 167.70 218.04 268.92 320.64 373.61 428.44
449.51 1.49 19.51 69.35 119.21 169.24 219.61 270.53 322.30 375.33 430.24
0.64900 0.00001 0.03601 0.12930 0.21462 0.29349 0.36708 0.43641 0.50240 0.56595 0.62802
2000 psia (635.858F)
0.025634 662.33 671.82 0.86224 0.015912 0.07 5.96 0.00010 0.015921 17.91 23.80 0.03574 0.016035 67.36 73.30 0.12838 0.016527 166.54 172.66 0.29170 0.017310 266.92 273.33 0.43376
u h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm?R
v
ft3 /lbm P
5
1000 psia (544.658F)
0.021595 0.015966 0.015972 0.016083 0.016292 0.016580 0.016941 0.017380 0.017910 0.018552 0.019347 0.020368
P
5
538.58 542.57 0.74341 0.03 2.99 0.00005 17.99 20.95 0.03593 67.69 70.67 0.12899 117.42 120.43 0.21416 167.31 170.38 0.29289 217.51 220.65 0.36634 268.24 271.46 0.43551 319.77 323.08 0.50132 372.48 375.91 0.56463 426.93 430.51 0.62635 484.03 487.80 0.68764
u h Btu/lbm Btu/lbm
v
ft3 /lbm P
5
1500 psia (596.268F)
0.023456 605.07 611.58 0.80836 0.015939 0.05 4.48 0.00008 0.015946 17.95 22.38 0.03584 0.016059 67.53 71.98 0.12869 0.016267 117.14 121.66 0.21369 0.016553 166.92 171.52 0.29229 0.016911 217.00 221.69 0.36560 0.017345 267.57 272.39 0.43463 0.017866 318.91 323.87 0.50025 0.018496 371.37 376.51 0.56333 0.019271 425.47 430.82 0.62472 0.020258 482.01 487.63 0.68550 0.021595 542.50 548.50 0.74731
3000 psia (695.418F)
0.034335 783.39 802.45 0.97321 0.015859 0.10 8.90 0.00011 0.015870 17.83 26.64 0.03554 0.015988 67.04 75.91 0.12776 0.016475 165.79 174.94 0.29053 0.017242 265.65 275.22 0.43204
s Btu/lbm?R
P
0.015756 0.015773 0.015897 0.016375 0.017112
5
5000 psia
0.13 14.71 17.65 32.25 66.41 81.12 164.36 179.51 263.24 279.07
0.00002 0.03505 0.12652 0.28824 0.42874
963 APPENDIX 2
TABLE A–8E Saturated ice—water vapor Specific volume, ft3 /lbm
Temp., T 8F
Sat. press., P sat psia
Sat. ice,
Sat. vapor,
v
v
32.018 32 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 25 210 215 220 225 230 235 240
0.08871 0.08864 0.08086 0.06405 0.05049 0.03960 0.03089 0.02397 0.01850 0.01420 0.01083 0.00821 0.00619 0.00463 0.00344 0.00254 0.00186
0.01747 3299.6 0.01747 3302.6 0.01747 3605.8 0.01746 4505.8 0.01746 5657.6 0.01745 7138.9 0.01744 9054.0 0.01743 11,543 0.01743 14,797 0.01742 19,075 0.01741 24,731 0.01740 32,257 0.01740 42,335 0.01739 55,917 0.01738 74,345 0.01738 99,526 0.01737 134,182
i
g
Internal energy, Btu/lbm
Sat. ice, u i 2143.34 2143.35 2144.35 2146.85 2149.32 2151.76 2154.18 2156.57 2158.94 2161.28 2163.60 2165.90 2168.16 2170.41 2172.63 2174.83 2177.00
Enthalpy, Btu/lbm
Subl., u ig
Sat. vapor, u g
Sat. ice, h i
1164.2 1164.2 1164.6 1165.4 1166.2 1167.0 1167.8 1168.5 1169.2 1169.9 1170.6 1171.2 1171.8 1172.4 1173.0 1173.5 1174.0
1020.9 1020.9 1020.2 1018.6 1016.9 1015.2 1013.6 1011.9 1010.3 1008.6 1007.0 1005.3 1003.6 1002.0 1000.3 998.7 997.0
2143.34 2143.35 2144.35 2146.85 2149.32 2151.76 2154.18 2156.57 2158.94 2161.28 2163.60 2165.90 2168.16 2170.41 2172.63 2174.83 2177.00
Entropy, Btu/Ibm?R
Subl., h ig
Sat. vapor, h g
Sat. ice, s i
1218.3 1218.4 1218.5 1218.8 1219.1 1219.3 1219.5 1219.7 1219.9 1220.0 1220.1 1220.2 1220.3 1220.3 1220.3 1220.3 1220.3
1075.0 1075.0 1074.2 1072.0 1069.8 1067.6 1065.4 1063.1 1060.9 1058.7 1056.5 1054.3 1052.1 1049.9 1047.7 1045.5 1043.3
20.29146 20.29148 20.29353 20.29865 20.30377 20.30889 20.31401 20.31913 20.32426 20.32938 20.33451 20.33964 20.34478 20.34991 20.35505 20.36019 20.36534
Subl., s ig
Sat. vapor, s g
2.4779 2.4779 2.4883 2.5146 2.5414 2.5687 2.5965 2.6248 2.6537 2.6832 2.7133 2.7440 2.7754 2.8074 2.8401 2.8735 2.9076
2.1864 2.1865 2.1948 2.2160 2.2376 2.2598 2.2825 2.3057 2.3295 2.3538 2.3788 2.4044 2.4306 2.4575 2.4850 2.5133 2.5423
965 APPENDIX 2
Entropy, Btu/lbm·R 1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
1100° F a i s p 0 0 0 0 , 0 4 0 0 0 1 5 2 3
2.2
1600
1550 1000 0 0 0 2
0 0 0 1
0 0 5
1500 900 0 0 3
0 0 2
1450 8 0 0 0 0 1
700° F
m b l 1400 / u t B , y p l a 1350 h t n E
a i s p 0 5 0 2
6 0 0 0 1
1300
5 0 0
8
6 5
1250
4
4 0 0
3 300
i a p s 2
1200
0 1.
966 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–11E Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table Specific volume, ft3 /lbm Sat. Temp., press., T 8F P sat psia 240 235 230 225 220 215 210 25
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
7.432 8.581 9.869 11.306 12.906 14.680 16.642 18.806 21.185 23.793 26.646 29.759 33.147 36.826 40.813 45.124 49.776 54.787 60.175
Sat. liquid,
Sat. vapor,
v f
v g
0.01130 0.01136 0.01143 0.01149 0.01156 0.01163 0.01170 0.01178 0.01185 0.01193 0.01200 0.01208 0.01216 0.01225 0.01233 0.01242 0.01251 0.01261 0.01270
5.7769 5.0489 4.4286 3.8980 3.4424 3.0495 2.7097 2.4146 2.1575 1.9328 1.7358 1.5625 1.4097 1.2746 1.1548 1.0482 0.95323 0.86837 0.79236
Internal energy, Btu/lbm Sat. liquid, u f 20.016
1.483 2.987 4.497 6.014 7.536 9.065 10.601 12.143 13.693 15.249 16.813 18.384 19.963 21.550 23.145 24.749 26.361 27.983
Evap., u fg
Sat. vapor, u g
Enthalpy, Btu/lbm Sat. liquid, h f
89.174 89.16 0.000 88.360 89.84 1.501 87.542 90.53 3.008 86.717 91.21 4.522 85.887 91.90 6.041 85.050 92.59 7.568 84.206 93.27 9.102 83.355 93.96 10.642 82.496 94.64 12.190 81.628 95.32 13.745 80.751 96.00 15.308 79.865 96.68 16.879 78.969 97.35 18.459 78.062 98.03 20.047 77.144 98.69 21.643 76.214 99.36 23.249 75.272 100.02 24.864 74.317 100.68 26.489 73.347 101.33 28.124
Entropy, Btu/lbm?R
Evap., h fg
Sat. vapor, h g
Sat. liquid, s f
Evap., s fg
97.104 96.360 95.608 94.849 94.080 93.303 92.515 91.717 90.907 90.085 89.251 88.403 87.541 86.665 85.772 84.863 83.937 82.993 82.029
97.10 97.86 98.62 99.37 100.12 100.87 101.62 102.36 103.10 103.83 104.56 105.28 106.00 106.71 107.42 108.11 108.80 109.48 110.15
0.00000 0.00355 0.00707 0.01057 0.01404 0.01748 0.02090 0.02430 0.02767 0.03103 0.03436 0.03767 0.04097 0.04424 0.04750 0.05074 0.05397 0.05718 0.06038
0.23136 0.22689 0.22250 0.21819 0.21396 0.20981 0.20572 0.20171 0.19775 0.19385 0.19001 0.18623 0.18249 0.17880 0.17515 0.17154 0.16797 0.16443 0.16093
Sat. vapor, s g 0.23136 0.23044 0.22957 0.22876 0.22800 0.22729 0.22662 0.22600 0.22542 0.22488 0.22437 0.22390 0.22345 0.22304 0.22265 0.22228 0.22194 0.22162 0.22131
967 APPENDIX 2
TABLE A–12E Saturated refrigerant-134a—Pressure table Specific volume, ft3 /lbm Sat. Press., temp., P psia T sat 8F
Sat. liquid,
Sat. vapor,
v f
v g
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 110
0.01113 0.01143 0.01164 0.01181 0.01196 0.01209 0.01221 0.01232 0.01242 0.01252 0.01261 0.01270 0.01278 0.01287 0.01295 0.01303 0.01310 0.01318 0.01325 0.01332 0.01346
8.3740 4.3740 2.9882 2.2781 1.8442 1.5506 1.3382 1.1773 1.0510 0.94909 0.86509 0.79462 0.73462 0.68290 0.63784 0.59822 0.56309 0.53173 0.50356 0.47811 0.43390
253.09 229.52 214.15 22.43
7.17 15.37 22.57 29.01 34.86 40.23 45.20 49.84 54.20 58.30 62.19 65.89 69.41 72.78 76.02 79.12 85.00
Internal energy, Btu/lbm Sat. liquid, u f 23.914
3.132 7.796 11.393 14.367 16.929 19.195 21.236 23.101 24.824 26.428 27.932 29.351 30.696 31.975 33.198 34.369 35.494 36.577 37.623 39.614
Evap., u fg
Sat. vapor, u g
91.283 87.463 84.907 82.915 81.249 79.799 78.504 77.326 76.240 75.228 74.277 73.378 72.523 71.705 70.921 70.167 69.438 68.733 68.048 67.383 66.102
87.37 90.59 92.70 94.31 95.62 96.73 97.70 98.56 99.34 100.05 100.70 101.31 101.87 102.40 102.90 103.36 103.81 104.23 104.63 105.01 105.72
Enthalpy, Btu/lbm Sat. liquid, h f 23.903
3.153 7.828 11.436 14.422 16.996 19.274 21.327 23.205 24.939 26.556 28.073 29.505 30.862 32.155 33.391 34.575 35.713 36.810 37.870 39.888
Entropy, Btu/lbm?R
Evap., h fg
Sat. vapor, h g
99.021 95.536 93.170 91.302 89.725 88.340 87.093 85.950 84.889 83.894 82.954 82.060 81.205 80.385 79.594 78.830 78.089 77.369 76.668 75.984 74.660
95.12 98.69 101.00 102.74 104.15 105.34 106.37 107.28 108.09 108.83 109.51 110.13 110.71 111.25 111.75 112.22 112.66 113.08 113.48 113.85 114.55
Sat. liquid, s f 20.00944
0.00741 0.01806 0.02603 0.03247 0.03792 0.04265 0.04686 0.05065 0.05412 0.05732 0.06028 0.06306 0.06567 0.06813 0.07047 0.07269 0.07481 0.07684 0.07879 0.08247
Evap., s fg
Sat. vapor, s g
0.24353 0.22208 0.20911 0.19967 0.19218 0.18595 0.18058 0.17586 0.17164 0.16780 0.16429 0.16104 0.15801 0.15518 0.15251 0.14998 0.14758 0.14529 0.14311 0.14101 0.13706
0.23409 0.22949 0.22717 0.22570 0.22465 0.22386 0.22324 0.22272 0.22229 0.22192 0.22160 0.22132 0.22107 0.22084 0.22064 0.22045 0.22027 0.22011 0.21995 0.21981 0.21953
968 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–13E Superheated refrigerant-134a T 8F
P
Sat. 220 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220
5
10 psia (T sat
4.3740 4.4856 4.7135 4.9380 5.1600 5.3802 5.5989 5.8165 6.0331 6.2490 6.4642 6.6789 6.8930 7.1068 P
Sat. 20 40 60 80
u h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm?R
v
ft3 /lbm
5
90.59 92.14 95.42 98.77 102.21 105.73 109.33 113.02 116.80 120.66 124.62 128.66 132.78 136.99
5 229.528F)
98.69 100.44 104.14 107.91 111.76 115.68 119.69 123.78 127.96 132.23 136.58 141.01 145.54 150.14
30 psia (T sat
1.5506 96.73 1.5691 97.56 1.6528 101.18 1.7338 104.83 1.8130 108.54
5
0.22949 0.23351 0.24175 0.24978 0.25763 0.26533 0.27290 0.28035 0.28768 0.29492 0.30205 0.30910 0.31606 0.32293
15.378F)
105.34 106.27 110.35 114.45 118.60
0.22386 0.22583 0.23416 0.24220 0.25003
u Btu/lbm
v
ft3 /lbm P
5
h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm?R
15 psia (T sat
5 214.158F)
u Btu/lbm
v
ft3 /lbm P
5
h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm?R
20 psia (T sat
5 22.438F)
2.9882
92.70
101.00
0.22717
2.2781
94.31
102.74
0.22570
3.1001 3.2551 3.4074 3.5577 3.7064 3.8540 4.0006 4.1464 4.2915 4.4361 4.5802 4.7239
95.08 98.49 101.96 105.51 109.14 112.85 116.64 120.52 124.49 128.53 132.67 136.89
103.69 107.52 111.42 115.38 119.42 123.54 127.75 132.03 136.40 140.85 145.38 150.00
0.23312 0.24129 0.24924 0.25702 0.26465 0.27214 0.27952 0.28678 0.29395 0.30102 0.30800 0.31489
2.2922 2.4130 2.5306 2.6461 2.7600 2.8726 2.9842 3.0950 3.2051 3.3146 3.4237 3.5324
94.73 98.19 101.71 105.29 108.94 112.67 116.48 120.38 124.35 128.41 132.56 136.78
103.21 107.12 111.07 115.08 119.15 123.30 127.53 131.83 136.22 140.68 145.23 149.86
0.22673 0.23506 0.24313 0.25099 0.25868 0.26623 0.27364 0.28094 0.28814 0.29523 0.30223 0.30914
P
5
40 psia (T sat
5
29.018F)
P
5
50 psia (T sat
5
40.238F)
1.1773
98.56
107.28
0.22272
0.9491
100.05 108.83
0.22192
1.2126 1.2768 1.3389
100.61 104.35 108.12
109.59 113.80 118.03
0.22740 0.23567 0.24365
1.0019 1.0540
103.85 113.12 107.69 117.44
0.23033 0.23849
969 APPENDIX 2
TABLE A–13E Superheated refrigerant-134a (Concluded ) T 8F
P
Sat. 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320
5
90 psia (T sat
0.53173 0.54388 0.57729 0.60874 0.63885 0.66796 0.69629 0.72399 0.75119 0.77796 0.80437 0.83048 0.85633 0.88195 P
Sat. 120 140 160 180
u h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm?R
v
ft3 /lbm
5
104.23 105.75 109.91 114.05 118.20 122.39 126.63 130.92 135.28 139.70 144.19 148.75 153.39 158.09
72.788F)
P
113.08 0.22011 114.81 0.22332 119.53 0.23191 124.19 0.24009 128.84 0.24799 133.51 0.25565 138.22 0.26313 142.98 0.27045 147.79 0.27763 152.66 0.28469 157.59 0.29164 162.58 0.29849 167.65 0.30524 172.78 0.31191
0.47811 0.47906 0.51076 0.54022 0.56821 0.59513 0.62122 0.64667 0.67158 0.69605 0.72016 0.74396 0.76749 0.79079
140 psia (T sat
0.33800 0.36243 0.38551 0.40711 0.42766
107.52 111.97 116.42 120.82 125.23
u Btu/lbm
v
ft3 /lbm
5
5
100 psia (T sat
100.518F)
P
116.28 0.21883 121.36 0.22775 126.40 0.23630 131.37 0.24444 136.31 0.25229
0.29339 0.30578 0.32774 0.34790 0.36686
5
5
h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm?R
105.01 105.19 109.46 113.66 117.86 122.09 126.36 130.68 135.05 139.50 144.00 148.58 153.22 157.94
79.128F)
113.85 114.06 118.91 123.66 128.38 133.10 137.85 142.64 147.48 152.38 157.33 162.34 167.42 172.57
160 psia (T sat 108.51 111.01 115.63 120.14 124.63
5
5
0.21981 0.22018 0.22902 0.23735 0.24535 0.25310 0.26065 0.26802 0.27525 0.28234 0.28932 0.29620 0.30297 0.30966
109.508F)
117.20 120.07 125.33 130.44 135.49
0.21840 0.22339 0.23232 0.24070 0.24872
u h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm?R
v
ft3 /lbm P
5
120 psia (T sat
5
90.498F)
0.39681 106.37 115.18 0.41013 0.43692 0.46190 0.48563 0.50844 0.53054 0.55206 0.57312 0.59379 0.61413 0.63420 0.65402 P
5
108.49 112.85 117.16 121.47 125.80 130.18 134.60 139.08 143.62 148.22 152.89 157.62
117.59 122.55 127.42 132.25 137.09 141.96 146.86 151.80 156.80 161.86 166.97 172.15
180 psia (T sat
0.25833 0.26083 0.28231 0.30154 0.31936
109.38 109.95 114.78 119.43 124.01
5
0.21928 0.22364 0.23234 0.24059 0.24853 0.25621 0.26370 0.27102 0.27819 0.28523 0.29216 0.29898 0.30571
117.698F)
117.98 118.64 124.18 129.47 134.65
0.21799 0.21912 0.22852 0.23720 0.24542
970 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
–20 3000
20
2000 9
100
3
t f /
0
5 8
0
5 9
60
8
m b l 5
5 6
0 7
0
6
7
1000
5 5
140 5 0
4 5
4 0
180 3 5
3 0
2 4
220
2 0
8 4 0
=
1 2 9.6
1000
4.8
1
T
400
2000
7. 2
0
R-134a
3
8 l b m / f t
y = 1 D e n s i t
2
1
260 3000
3.6
400
1
1.8
100
0.96 0. 72
2 0
-
6 0
0 0 2 . 0 0 0
.
-
10 T = -
4 0 . 0
6 0 . 0
8 0 . 0
0 1 . 0
4 2 1 1 . . 0 0
0.18 6 8 1 . 1 . 0 0
0 2 . 0
d i u q i l
1 0 0
d F e t a r
°
u t
1
40
0.24
2 0
.
100
0. 48 0.36
4 2 0 0 . 0 0 -
200
1.2
6 0
a i s p , e r u s s 40 e r P
4
2. 4
F
°
200
20
0 0
2
3 . 0
4
5 .
6 . 0
7 .
8 . 0
9 . 0
2 2 . 0
r u o p a v d e t
4 2 . 6 0 2 . 0
R · m b l / 2 u t 3 . 8 B 0 2 . 0 0 3 . 0 =
0.12 4 3 . 0
s 0
0
0 0 0 0 2 6
0 8 4 1 1
20
0 0 2 6 2 2
6 3 . 0
8 3 . 0
F °
0 0 3
=
T
0 4 3
0
8 3
0.096
0 4 .
0 0 2 4
2 4
0 6 4
2 4 . 0 0 0 5
10
0.0 72 0.048 0
0 0 4 8
5 5
0.036
0.024
2 6
4
971 APPENDIX 2
TABLE A–16E Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude Altitude, ft 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000
Temperature, 8F 59.00 57.22 55.43 53.65 51.87 50.09 48.30 46.52 44.74 42.96 41.17 39.39 37.61 35.83 34.05 32.26 30.48 28.70 26.92
Pressure, psia 14.7 14.4 14.2 13.9 13.7 13.4 13.2 12.9 12.7 12.5 12.2 12.0 11.8 11.6 11.3 11.1 10.9 10.7 10.5
Gravity, g , ft/s2
Speed of sound, ft/s
Density, lbm/ft3
Viscosity m, lbm/ft?s
32.174 32.173 32.171 32.169 32.168 32.166 32.165 32.163 32.162 32.160 32.159 32.157 32.156 32.154 32.152 32.151 32.149 32.148 32.146
1116 1115 1113 1111 1109 1107 1105 1103 1101 1099 1097 1095 1093 1091 1089 1087 1085 1083 1081
0.07647 0.07536 0.07426 0.07317 0.07210 0.07104 0.06998 0.06985 0.06792 0.06690 0.06590 0.06491 0.06393 0.06296 0.06200 0.06105 0.06012 0.05919 0.05828
1.202 1.199 1.196 1.193 1.190 1.186 1.183 1.180 1.177 1.173 1.170 1.167 1.164 1.160 1.157 1.154 1.150 1.147 1.144
3 1025 3 1025 2 3 10 5
3 1025 3 1025 2 3 10 5
3 1025 3 1025 3 1025 3 1025 2 3 10 5
3 1025 3 1025 3 1025 3 1025 2 3 10 5
3 1025 3 1025 2 3 10 5
Thermal conductivity, Btu/h?ft?R 0.0146 0.0146 0.0146 0.0145 0.0145 0.0144 0.0144 0.0143 0.0143 0.0142 0.0142 0.0141 0.0141 0.0141 0.0140 0.0140 0.0139 0.0139 0.0138
972 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–17E Ideal-gas properties of air T R
h Btu/lbm
P r
u Btu/lbm
v r
s 8 Btu/lbm?R
T R
h Btu/lbm
P r
u Btu/lbm
v r
s 8 Btu/lbm?R
360 380 400 420 440
85.97 90.75 95.53 100.32 105.11
0.3363 0.4061 0.4858 0.5760 0.6776
61.29 64.70 68.11 71.52 74.93
396.6 346.6 305.0 270.1 240.6
0.50369 0.51663 0.52890 0.54058 0.55172
1600 1650 1700 1750 1800
395.74 409.13 422.59 436.12 449.71
71.13 80.89 90.95 101.98 114.0
286.06 296.03 306.06 316.16 326.32
8.263 7.556 6.924 6.357 5.847
0.87130 0.87954 0.88758 0.89542 0.90308
460 480 500 520 537 540
109.90 114.69 119.48 124.27 128.10 129.06
0.7913 0.9182 1.0590 1.2147 1.3593 1.3860
78.36 81.77 85.20 88.62 91.53 92.04
215.33 193.65 174.90 158.58 146.34 144.32
0.56235 0.57255 0.58233 0.59173 0.59945 0.60078
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100
463.37 477.09 490.88 504.71 518.71 532.55
127.2 141.5 157.1 174.0 192.3 212.1
336.55 346.85 357.20 367.61 378.08 388.60
5.388 4.974 4.598 4.258 3.949 3.667
0.91056 0.91788 0.92504 0.93205 0.93891 0.94564
560 580 600 620 640
133.86 138.66 143.47 148.28 153.09
1.5742 95.47 131.78 1.7800 98.90 120.70 2.005 102.34 110.88 2.249 105.78 102.12 2.514 109.21 94.30
0.60950 0.61793 0.62607 0.63395 0.64159
2150 2200 2250 2300 2350
546.54 560.59 574.69 588.82 603.00
223.5 256.6 281.4 308.1 336.8
399.17 409.78 420.46 431.16 441.91
3.410 3.176 2.961 2.765 2.585
0.95222 0.95919 0.96501 0.97123 0.97732
660 680 700 720
157.92 162.73 167.56 172.39
2.801 3.111 3.446 3.806
0.64902 0.65621 0.66321 0.67002
2400 2450 2500 2550
617.22 631.48 645.78 660.12
367.6 400.5 435.7 473.3
452.70 463.54 474.40 485.31
2.419 2.266 2.125 1.996
0.98331 0.98919 0.99497 1.00064
112.67 116.12 119.58 123.04
87.27 80.96 75.25 70.07
973 APPENDIX 2
TABLE A–17E Ideal-gas properties of air (Concluded ) T R
h Btu/lbm
P r
u Btu/lbm
v r
T R
h Btu/lbm
4000 1088.3
3280
814.06
0.4518 1.13334
4600
1270.4
6089
4050 4100 4150 4200 4300
1103.4 1118.5 1133.6 1148.7 1179.0
3464 3656 3858 4067 4513
825.72 837.40 849.09 860.81 884.28
0.4331 0.4154 0.3985 0.3826 0.3529
1.13709 1.14079 1.14446 1.14809 1.15522
4700 4800 4900 5000 5100
1300.9 1331.5 1362.2 1392.9 1423.6
6701 7362 8073 8837 9658
4400 1209.4 4500 1239.9
4997 5521
907.81 931.39
0.3262 1.16221 0.3019 1.16905
5200 5300
1454.4 1485.3
10,539 11,481
s8 Btu/lbm?R
P r
u Btu/lbm
v r
s8 Btu/lbm?R
955.04 0.2799 1.17575 978.73 1002.5 1026.3 1050.1 1074.0
0.2598 0.2415 0.2248 0.2096 0.1956
1.18232 1.18876 1.19508 1.20129 1.20738
1098.0 1122.0
0.1828 1.21336 0.1710 1.2192
Note: The properties P r (relative pressure) and v r (relative specific volume) are dimensionless quantities used in the analysis of isentropic processes, and should not be confused with the properties pressure and specific volume. Source of Data: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics , 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), pp. 832–33, Table A–5. Originally published in J. H. Keenan and J. Kaye, Gas Tables (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1948).
974 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–18E Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2 _ _ T h u R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol
_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R
T R
_ h Btu/lbmol
_ u Btu/lbmol
_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R
300 320 340 360 380
2,082.0 2,221.0 2,360.0 2,498.9 2,638.0
1,486.2 1,585.5 1,684.4 1,784.0 1,883.4
41.695 42.143 42.564 42.962 43.337
1080 1100 1120 1140 1160
7,551.0 7,695.0 7,839.3 7,984.0 8,129.0
5,406.2 5,510.5 5,615.2 5,720.1 5,825.4
50.651 50.783 50.912 51.040 51.167
400 420 440 460 480
2,777.0 2,916.1 3,055.1 3,194.1 3,333.1
1,982.6 2,082.0 2,181.3 2,280.6 2,379.9
43.694 44.034 44.357 44.665 44.962
1180 1200 1220 1240 1260
8,274.4 8,420.0 8,566.1 8,712.6 8,859.3
5,931.0 6,037.0 6,143.4 6,250.1 6,357.2
51.291 51.143 51.534 51.653 51.771
500 520 537 540 560
3,472.2 3,611.3 3,729.5 3,750.3 3,889.5
2,479.3 2,578.6 2,663.1 2,678.0 2,777.4
45.246 45.519 45.743 45.781 46.034
1280 1300 1320 1340 1360
9,006.4 9,153.9 9,301.8 9,450.0 9,598.6
6,464.5 6,572.3 6,680.4 6,788.9 6,897.8
51.887 51.001 52.114 52.225 52.335
580 600 620 640
4,028.7 4,167.9 4,307.1 4,446.4
2,876.9 2,976.4 3,075.9 3,175.5
46.278 46.514 46.742 46.964
1380 1400 1420 1440
9,747.5 9,896.9 10,046.6 10,196.6
7,007.0 7,116.7 7,226.7 7,337.0
52.444 52.551 52.658 52.763
975 APPENDIX 2
TABLE A–18E Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2 (Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s 8 R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol?R
T R
1900 1940 1980 2020 2060
13,742 14,058 14,375 14,694 15,013
9,968 10,205 10,443 10,682 10,923
54.896 55.061 55.223 55.383 55.540
2100 2140 2180 2220 2260
15,334 15,656 15,978 16,302 16,626
11,164 11,406 11,649 11,893 12,138
2300 2340 2380 2420 2460
16,951 17,277 17,604 17,392 18,260
2500 2540 2580 2620
18,590 18,919 19,250 19,582
_ h Btu/lbmol
_ u Btu/lbmol
_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R
3500 3540 3580 3620 3660
27,016 27,359 27,703 28,046 28,391
20,065 20,329 20,593 20,858 21,122
59.944 60.041 60.138 60.234 60.328
55.694 55.846 55.995 56.141 56.286
3700 3740 3780 3820 3860
28,735 29,080 29,425 29,771 30,117
21,387 21,653 21,919 22,185 22,451
60.422 60.515 60.607 60.698 60.788
12,384 12,630 12,878 13,126 13,375
56.429 56.570 56.708 56.845 56.980
3900 3940 3980 4020 4060
30,463 30,809 31,156 31,503 31,850
22,718 22,985 23,252 23,520 23,788
60.877 60.966 61.053 61.139 61.225
13,625 13,875 14,127 14,379
57.112 57.243 57.372 57.499
4100 4140 4180 4220
32,198 32,546 32,894 33,242
24,056 24,324 24,593 24,862
61.310 61.395 61.479 61.562
976 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–19E Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O2 _ _ T h u R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol
_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R
T R
_ h Btu/lbmol
_ u Btu/lbmol
_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R
300 320 340 360 380
2,073.5 2,212.6 2,351.7 2,490.8 2,630.0
1,477.8 1,577.1 1,676.5 1,775.9 1,875.3
44.927 45.375 45.797 46.195 46.571
1080 1100 1120 1140 1160
7,696.8 7,850.4 8,004.5 8,159.1 8,314.2
5,552.1 5,665.9 5,780.3 5,895.2 6,010.6
54.064 54.204 54.343 54.480 54.614
400 420 440 460 480
2,769.1 2,908.3 3,047.5 3,186.9 3,326.5
1,974.8 2,074.3 2,173.8 2,273.4 2,373.3
46.927 47.267 47.591 47.900 48.198
1180 1200 1220 1240 1260
8,469.8 8,625.8 8,782.4 8,939.4 9,096.7
6,126.5 6,242.8 6,359.6 6,476.9 6,594.5
54.748 54.879 55.008 55.136 55.262
500 520 537 540 560
3,466.2 3,606.1 3,725.1 3,746.2 3,886.6
2,473.2 2,573.4 2,658.7 2,673.8 2,774.5
48.483 48.757 48.982 49.021 49.276
1280 1300 1320 1340 1360
9,254.6 9,412.9 9,571.9 9,730.7 9,890.2
6,712.7 6,831.3 6,950.2 7,069.6 7,189.4
55.386 55.508 55.630 55.750 55.867
580 600 620 640
4,027.3 4,168.3 4,309.7 4,451.4
2,875.5 2,976.8 3,078.4 3,180.4
49.522 49.762 49.993 50.218
1380 1400 1420 1440
10,050.1 10,210.4 10,371.0 10,532.0
7,309.6 7,430.1 7,551.1 7,672.4
55.984 56.099 56.213 56.326
977 APPENDIX 2
TABLE A–19E Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O2 (Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s 8 R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol?R
T R
1900 1940 1980 2020 2060
14,322 14,658 14,995 15,333 15,672
10,549 10,806 11,063 11,321 11,581
58.607 58.782 58.954 59.123 59.289
2100 2140 2180 2220 2260
16,011 16,351 16,692 17,036 17,376
11,841 12,101 12,363 12,625 12,888
2300 2340 2380 2420 2460
17,719 18,062 18,407 18,572 19,097
2500 2540 2580 2620
19,443 19,790 20,138 20,485
_ h Btu/lbmol
_ u Btu/lbmol
_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R
3500 3540 3580 3620 3660
28,273 28,633 28,994 29,354 29,716
21,323 21,603 21,884 22,165 22,447
63.914 64.016 64.114 64.217 64.316
59.451 59.612 59.770 59.926 60.077
3700 3740 3780 3820 3860
30,078 30,440 30,803 31,166 31,529
22,730 23,013 23,296 23,580 23,864
64.415 64.512 64.609 64.704 64.800
13,151 13,416 13,680 13,946 14,212
60.228 60.376 60.522 60.666 60.808
3900 3940 3980 4020 4060
31,894 32,258 32,623 32,989 33,355
24,149 24,434 24,720 25,006 25,292
64.893 64.986 65.078 65.169 65.260
14,479 14,746 15,014 15,282
60.946 61.084 61.220 61.354
4100 4140 4180 4220
33,722 34,089 34,456 34,824
25,580 25,867 26,155 26,144
65.350 64.439 65.527 65.615
978 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–20E Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO2 _ _ _ T h u s 8 R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol?R
T R
_ h Btu/lbmol
_ u Btu/lbmol
_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R
300 320 340 360 380
2,108.2 2,256.6 2,407.3 2,560.5 2,716.4
1,512.4 1,621.1 1,732.1 1,845.6 1,961.8
46.353 46.832 47.289 47.728 48.148
1080 1100 1120 1140 1160
9,575.8 9,802.6 10,030.6 10,260.1 10,490.6
7,431.1 7,618.1 7,806.4 7,996.2 8,187.0
58.072 58.281 58.485 58.689 58.889
400 420 440 460 480
2,874.7 3,035.7 3,199.4 3,365.7 3,534.7
2,080.4 2,201.7 2,325.6 2,452.2 2,581.5
48.555 48.947 49.329 49.698 50.058
1180 1200 1220 1240 1260
10,722.3 10,955.3 11,189.4 11,424.6 11,661.0
8,379.0 8,572.3 8,766.6 8,962.1 9,158.8
59.088 59.283 59.477 59.668 59.858
500 520 537 540 560
3,706.2 3,880.3 4,027.5 4,056.8 4,235.8
2,713.3 2,847.7 2,963.8 2,984.4 3,123.7
50.408 50.750 51.032 51.082 51.408
1280 1300 1320 1340 1360
11,898.4 12,136.9 12,376.4 12,617.0 12,858.5
9,356.5 9,555.3 9,755.0 9,955.9 10,157.7
60.044 60.229 60.412 60.593 60.772
580 600 620 640
4,417.2 4,600.9 4,786.6 4,974.9
3,265.4 3,409.4 3,555.6 3,704.0
51.726 52.038 52.343 52.641
1380 1400 1420 1440
13,101.0 13,344.7 13,589.1 13,834.5
10,360.5 10,564.5 10,769.2 10,974.8
60.949 61.124 61.298 61.469
979 APPENDIX 2
TABLE A–20E Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO2 (Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s 8 R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol?R
T R
_ h Btu/lbmol
_ u Btu/lbmol
1900 1940 1980 2020 2060
19,698 20,224 20,753 21,284 21,818
15,925 16,372 16,821 17,273 17,727
64.999 65.272 65.543 65.809 66.069
3500 3540 3580 3620 3660
41,965 42,543 43,121 43,701 44,280
35,015 35,513 36,012 36,512 37,012
73.462 73.627 73.789 73.951 74.110
2100 2140 2180 2220 2260
22,353 22,890 23,429 23,970 24,512
18,182 18,640 19,101 19,561 20,024
66.327 66.581 66.830 67.076 67.319
3700 3740 3780 3820 3860
44,861 45,442 46,023 46,605 47,188
37,513 38,014 38,517 39,019 39,522
74.267 74.423 74.578 74.732 74.884
2300 2340 2380 2420 2460
25,056 25,602 26,150 26,699 27,249
20,489 20,955 21,423 21,893 22,364
67.557 67.792 68.025 68.253 68.479
3900 3940 3980 4020 4060
47,771 48,355 48,939 49,524 50,109
40,026 40,531 41,035 41,541 42,047
75.033 75.182 75.330 75.477 75.622
2500 2540 2580 2620
27,801 28,355 28,910 29,465
22,837 23,310 23,786 24,262
68.702 68.921 69.138 69.352
4100 4140 4180 4220
50,695 51,282 51,868 52,456
42,553 43,060 43,568 44,075
75.765 75.907 76.048 76.188
_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R
980 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–21E Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, _ _ T h u R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol
CO _ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R
T R
_ h Btu/lbmol
_ u Btu/lbmol
_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R
300 320 340 360 380
2,081.9 2,220.9 2,359.9 2,498.8 2,637.9
1,486.1 1,585.4 1,684.7 1,783.9 1,883.3
43.223 43.672 44.093 44.490 44.866
1080 1100 1120 1140 1160
7,571.1 7,716.8 7,862.9 8,009.2 8,156.1
5,426.4 5,532.3 5,638.7 5,745.4 5,851.5
52.203 52.337 52.468 52.598 52.726
400 420 440 460 480
2,776.9 2,916.0 3,055.0 3,194.0 3,333.0
1,982.6 2,081.9 2,181.2 2,280.5 2,379.8
45.223 45.563 45.886 46.194 46.491
1180 1200 1220 1240 1260
8,303.3 8,450.8 8,598.8 8,747.2 8,896.0
5,960.0 6,067.8 6,176.0 6,284.7 6,393.8
52.852 52.976 53.098 53.218 53.337
500 520 537 540 560
3,472.1 3,611.2 3,725.1 3,750.3 3,889.5
2,479.2 2,578.6 2,663.1 2,677.9 2,777.4
46.775 47.048 47.272 47.310 47.563
1280 1300 1320 1340 1360
9,045.0 9,194.6 9,344.6 9,494.8 9,645.5
6,503.1 6,613.0 6,723.2 6,833.7 6,944.7
53.455 53.571 53.685 53.799 53.910
580 600 620 640
4,028.7 4,168.0 4,307.4 4,446.9
2,876.9 2,976.5 3,076.2 3,175.9
47.807 48.044 48.272 48.494
1380 1400 1420 1440
9,796.6 9,948.1 10,100.0 10,252.2
7,056.1 7,167.9 7,280.1 7,392.6
54.021 54.129 54.237 54.344
981 APPENDIX 2
TABLE A–21E Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO (Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s 8 R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol?R
T R
1900 1940 1980 2020 2060
13,850 14,170 14,492 14,815 15,139
10,077 10,318 10,560 10,803 11,048
56.509 56.677 56.841 57.007 57.161
2100 2140 2180 2220 2260
15,463 15,789 16,116 16,443 16,722
11,293 11,539 11,787 12,035 12,284
2300 2340 2380 2420 2460
17,101 17,431 17,762 18,093 18,426
2500 2540 2580 2620
18,759 19,093 19,427 19,762
_ h Btu/lbmol
_ u Btu/lbmol
_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R
3500 3540 3580 3620 3660
27,262 27,608 27,954 28,300 28,647
20,311 20,576 20,844 21,111 21,378
61.612 61.710 61.807 61.903 61.998
57.317 57.470 57.621 57.770 57.917
3700 3740 3780 3820 3860
28,994 29,341 29,688 30,036 30,384
21,646 21,914 22,182 22,450 22,719
62.093 62.186 62.279 62.370 62.461
12,534 12,784 13,035 13,287 13,541
58.062 58.204 58.344 58.482 58.619
3900 3940 3980 4020 4060
30,733 31,082 31,431 31,780 32,129
22,988 23,257 23,527 23,797 24,067
62.511 62.640 62.728 62.816 62.902
13,794 14,048 14,303 14,559
58.754 58.885 59.016 59.145
4100 4140 4180 4220
32,479 32,829 33,179 33,530
24,337 24,608 24,878 25,149
62.988 63.072 63.156 63.240
982 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–22E Ideal-gas properties of hydrogen, H2 _ _ T h u R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol
_ s8 Btu/lbmol?R
T R
_ h Btu/lbmol
_ u Btu/lbmol
_ s8 Btu/lbmol?R
300 320 340 360 380
2,063.5 2,189.4 2,317.2 2,446.8 2,577.8
1,467.7 1,553.9 1,642.0 1,731.9 1,823.2
27.337 27.742 28.130 28.501 28.856
1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
9,673.8 10,381.5 11,092.5 11,807.4 12,526.8
6,893.6 7,402.7 7,915.1 8,431.4 8,952.2
37.883 38.372 38.830 39.264 39.675
400 420 440 460 480
2,710.2 2,843.7 2,978.1 3,113.5 3,249.4
1,915.8 2,009.6 2,104.3 2,200.0 2,296.2
29.195 29.520 29.833 30.133 20.424
1900 2000 2100 2200 2300
13,250.9 13,980.1 14,714.5 15,454.4 16,199.8
9,477.8 10,008.4 10,544.2 11,085.5 11,632.3
40.067 40.441 40.799 41.143 41.475
500 520 537 540 560
3,386.1 3,523.2 3,640.3 3,660.9 3,798.8
2,393.2 2,490.6 2,573.9 2,588.5 2,686.7
30.703 30.972 31.194 31.232 31.482
2400 2500 2600 2700 2800
16,950.6 17,707.3 18,469.7 19,237.8 20,011.8
12,184.5 12,742.6 13,306.4 13,876.0 14,451.4
41.794 42.104 42.403 42.692 42.973
580 600 620 640
3,937.1 4,075.6 4,214.3 4,353.1
2,785.3 2,884.1 2,983.1 3,082.1
31.724 31.959 32.187 32.407
2900 3000 3100 3200
20,791.5 21,576.9 22,367.7 23,164.1
15,032.5 15,619.3 16,211.5 16,809.3
43.247 43.514 43.773 44.026
983 APPENDIX 2
TABLE A–23E Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H2O _ _ _ T h u s 8 R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol?R
T R
_ h Btu/lbmol
_ u Btu/lbmol
_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R
300 320 340 360 380
2,367.6 2,526.8 2,686.0 2,845.1 3,004.4
1,771.8 1,891.3 2,010.8 2,130.2 2,249.8
40.439 40.952 41.435 41.889 42.320
1080 1100 1120 1140 1160
8,768.2 8,942.0 9,116.4 9,291.4 9,467.1
6,623.5 6,757.5 6,892.2 7,027.5 7,163.5
50.854 51.013 51.171 51.325 51.478
400 420 440 460 480
3,163.8 3,323.2 3,482.7 3,642.3 3,802.0
2,369.4 2,489.1 2,608.9 2,728.8 2,848.8
42.728 43.117 43.487 43.841 44.182
1180 1200 1220 1240 1260
9,643.4 9,820.4 9,998.0 10,176.1 10,354.9
7,300.1 7,437.4 7,575.2 7,713.6 7,852.7
51.360 51.777 51.925 52.070 52.212
500 520 537 540 560
3,962.0 4,122.0 4,258.0 4,282.4 4,442.8
2,969.1 3,089.4 3,191.9 3,210.0 3,330.7
44.508 44.821 45.079 45.124 45.415
1280 1300 1320 1340 1360
10,534.4 10,714.5 10,895.3 11,076.6 11,258.7
7,992.5 8,132.9 8,274.0 8,415.5 8,557.9
52.354 52.494 52.631 52.768 52.903
580 600 620 640
4,603.7 4,764.7 4,926.1 5,087.8
3,451.9 3,573.2 3,694.9 3,816.8
45.696 45.970 46.235 46.492
1380 1400 1420 1440
11,441.4 11,624.8 11,808.8 11,993.4
8,700.9 8,844.6 8,988.9 9,133.8
53.037 53.168 53.299 53.428
984 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–23E Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H2O (Continued ) _ _ _ T h u s 8 R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol?R
T R
_ h Btu/lbmol
_ u Btu/lbmol
_ s 8 Btu/lbmol?R
1900 1940 1980 2020 2060
16,428 16,830 17,235 17,643 18,054
12,654 12,977 13,303 13,632 13,963
56.097 56.307 56.514 56.719 56.920
3500 3540 3580 3620 3660
34,324 34,809 35,296 35,785 36,274
27,373 27,779 28,187 28,596 29,006
62.876 63.015 63.153 63.288 63.423
2100 2140 2180 2220 2260
18,467 18,883 19,301 19,722 20,145
14,297 14,633 14,972 15,313 15,657
57.119 57.315 57.509 57.701 57.889
3700 3740 3780 3820 3860
36,765 37,258 37,752 38,247 38,743
29,418 29,831 30,245 30,661 31,077
63.557 63.690 63.821 63.952 64.082
2300 2340 2380 2420 2460
20,571 20,999 21,429 21,862 22,298
16,003 16,352 16,703 17,057 17,413
58.077 58.261 58.445 58.625 58.803
3900 3940 3980 4020 4060
39,240 39,739 40,239 40,740 41,242
31,495 31,915 32,335 32,757 33,179
64.210 64.338 64.465 64.591 64.715
2500 2540 2580 2620
22,735 23,175 23,618 24,062
17,771 18,131 18,494 18,859
58.980 59.155 59.328 59.500
4100 4140 4180 4220
41,745 42,250 42,755 43,267
33,603 34,028 34,454 34,881
64.839 64.962 65.084 65.204
985 APPENDIX 2
TABLE A–26E Enthalpy of formation, Gibbs function of formation, and absolute entropy at 778F, 1 atm _ _ _ h f 8 g f 8 s 8 Substance Formula Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol?R Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Water vapor Water Hydrogen peroxide Ammonia Methane Acetylene Ethylene Ethane Propylene Propane n -Butane n -Octane n -Octane
C(s ) H2(g ) N2(g ) O2(g ) CO(g ) CO2(g ) H2O(g ) H2O(,) H2O2(g ) NH3(g ) CH4(g ) C2H2(g ) C2H4(g ) C2H6(g ) C3H6(g ) C3H8(g ) C4H10(g ) C8H18(g ) C8H18(,)
0 0 0 0 247,540 2169,300 2104,040 2122,970 258,640 219,750 232,210 197,540 122,490 236,420 18,790 244,680 254,270 289,680 2107,530
0 0 0 0 259,010 2169,680 298,350 2102,040 245,430 27,140 221,860 187,990 129,306 214,150 126,980 210,105 26,760 17,110 12,840
1.36 31.21 45.77 49.00 47.21 51.07 45.11 16.71 55.60 45.97 44.49 48.00 52.54 54.85 63.80 64.51 74.11 111.55 86.23
986 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A–27E Properties of some common fuels and hydrocarbons
Fuel (phase)
Formula
Molar mass, lbm/lbmol
Carbon (s ) Hydrogen (g ) Carbon monoxide (g ) Methane (g ) Methanol (,) Acetylene (g ) Ethane (g ) Ethanol (,) Propane (,) Butane (,) 1-Pentene (,) Isopentane (,) Benzene (,) Hexene (,) Hexane (,) Toluene (,) Heptane (,) Octane (,)
C H2 CO CH4 CH4O C2H2 C2H6 C2H6O C3H8 C4H10 C5H10 C5H12 C6H6 C6H12 C6H14 C7H8 C7H16 C8H18
12.011 2.016 28.013 16.043 32.042 26.038 30.070 46.069 44.097 58.123 70.134 72.150 78.114 84.161 86.177 92.141 100.204 114.231
Enthalpy of Density,1 vaporization,2 lbm/ft3 Btu/lbm 125 — — — 49.3 — — 49.3 31.2 36.1 40.0 39.1 54.7 42.0 41.2 54.1 42.7 43.9
— — — 219 502 — 74 395 144 156 156 — 186 169 157 177 157 156
Specific heat,1 c p Btu/lbm?8F 0.169 3.44 0.251 0.525 0.604 0.404 0.418 0.583 0.662 0.578 0.525 0.554 0.411 0.439 0.542 0.408 0.535 0.533
Higher heating value,3 Btu/lbm
Lower heating value,3 Btu/lbm
14,100 60,970 4,340 23,880 9,740 21,490 22,320 12,760 21,640 21,130 20,540 20,890 17,970 20,430 20,770 18,230 20,680 20,590
14,100 51,600 4,340 21,520 8,570 20,760 20,430 11,530 19,930 19,510 19,190 19,310 17,240 19,090 19,240 17,420 19,180 19,100
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