Enfermedades de Cacao

 

 

VBO\FWTOAIA NI_CW AF TIB IBAWÏT 

 

LIDV@QIA AF IEWCBCNÎI

 

DIWWFWI AF OBEFBOFWÎI IEWCBÔNODI

 

FBLFWNFAIAFT FBLFWNFAIAF T AF@ DIDIC

  Acdfbtf: Obe. Erfecroc Zipiti Obtferibtfs: Niroi Wfbf Gcbo Gcbo``i ``i Dirr Dirrozi`fs ozi`fs F`ois Osnif` Ipizi Tfei`fs Niroi @uz Jirrc [o``dc F`of` Ipuro Qcbdcbo @osgftm Nurei Dcdmf Woti Di``osiyi

@ipiz-Gc`ovoi

7;7;

 

OBQWCAVDDOÔB F` didi didic c (Q (Qmf mfcg cgrc rcni ni didi didic c @.) @.) fs `i fspf fspfdo dof f né néss on onpc pcrt rtib ibtf tf af af`` eï eïbf bfrc rc Qmfcgrcni, pfrtfbfdofbtf i `i lino`oi Ni`vidfif. Fs ub du`tovc af `irei triaodoôb af prcauddoôb fb Inïrodi, su dfbtrc af croefb, iubquf fb `i idtui`oaia, f` 5;% af `i prca prcaud uddo doôb ôb nu nuba baoi oi`` fs sup` sup`oa oai i pc pcrr Él Élro rodi di afgo afgoac ac i fp fpoa oafn fnoi oiss af fblfrnfaiafs, dcnc `i fsdcgi af gruji (Ncbo`ocptmcri pfrbodocsi) fb Inïrodi af` Turisoc Tu r ocbi ybiac af ncbo isos osrni (N (Ncb cbo` ocpm pmtm tmcr ifb rc rcrf rfro ro)pr ) caud fbuddo In Inïr ïrod i Df Dfbt btri ri`,`,y qu quf foimi mib b cdis cd ac nc ub ubi ibo`o`ois nf nfrn i sust suo`oc stib ibdo doi` i`cri su prca doôb ôb. . odi Fb Él Élro rodi di Is Isoi su onpcrtibdoi fs rf`itovinfbtf rfdofbtf y `i iusfbdoi af fblfrnfaiafs sfvfris prfsfbtfs fb f` dcbtobfbtf infrodibc, fspfdoi`nfbtf ncbo`oisos y fsdcgi af gruji, prcbcstodi ub obdrfnfbtc fb `i supfrlodof sfngriai y `i prcauddoôb fb ingcs dcbtobfbtfs. @i niycrîi af `is fblfrnfaiafs af` didic tofbfb ubi aostrogudoôb efcerélodi `onotiai, rizôb pcr `i dui` f` nibfjc af `is fblfrnfaiafs afpfbaf, fb erib nfaoai nfa oai,, af dui duirfbt rfbtfbis fbis flfd flfdtov tovis is qu quf f `onotfb `onotfb ``i i aost aostrog rogudoô udoôb b af pitôefb pitôefbcs cs fxôtodcs. fxôtod cs. Fb `is zcbis prcaudtcr prcaudtcris is acbaf fstis fblfrnfa fblfrnfaiafs iafs fstéb prfsfbt prfsfbtfs, fs, `is nfaoais du`turi`fs, fspfdoi`nfbtf sibfinofbtc, scb flfdtovis iubquf `cs tr trit itin inof ofbt btcs cs go goc`ô c`ôeo eodcs dcs y qu quîn înod odcs cs fst fstéb éb sofba sofbac c af afsi sirrc rrc````iac iacss y uto` uto`oz oziac iacs. s. Fvfbtui`nfbtf, d`cbfs rfsostfbtfs i `is fblfrnfaiafs y i`tinfbtf prcaudtovcs pcaréb prcvffr `i mfrrinofbti nés flfdtovi piri nibfjir fstis fblfrnfaiafs. F` du`tovc af didic fb Fduiacr aiti afsaf tofnpcs prfdc`cngobcs, nudmc ibtfs af `i dc`cbozidoôb fspiùc`i. [ozirrc, auribtf su pronfr voijf fb 967< fbdcbtrô fvoafbdois af pfqufùis p`ibtidocbfs af érgc`fs af didic ipirfbtfnfbtf bitovcs y fxostfb obaodocs af quf pcg`idocbfs af` didic ‐Bidocbi`„ yi fxostîib ibtfs af` irrogc af `cs furcpfcs y luf `i úbodi virofaia sfngriai misti 9=?;.@i fxdf`fbtf di`oaia af fstf topc af didic, didic ‐lobc„, `cerô drfir `i pcsodoôb provo`feoiai quf nibtuvc f` didic fduitcroibc fb `cs nfrdiacs furcpfcs. I pirtor af 9?9; sf obodoircb `is obtrcauddocbfs af efrncp`isni lcrébfc afgoac i `i ipirodoôb af acs fblfrnfaiafs afvistiacris: fsdcgi af gruji y ncbo`oisos. Fstis obtrcauddocbfs dcbtotobu dcb buirc ircb b auri auribt btf f tc tcac ac f` so soe` e`c c ]] y, mc mcyy fb aî aîi, i, `i `iss p`ib p`ibti tidoc docbf bfss fsté fstéb b efbïtodinfbtf dcbstotuoais pcr ubi nfzd`i af efrncp`isni bitovc y lcrébfc, dcb f` obdcbvfbofbtf af `i aosnobudoôb af `i di`oaia af` didic prcaudoac. Fb `i idtui`oaia fxostf ubi afnibai obtfrbidocbi` af didic lobc y Fduiacr pfrnibfdf dcnc f` niycr prcaudtcr nubaoi` af fstf topc af didic. @is fblfrnfaiafs scb ubc af `cs lidtcrfs nés `onotibtfs piri `i prcauddoôb af didic. Af idufrac dcb `i Creibozidoôb Obtfrbidocbi` af` Didic, `i prcauddoôb af fstf rugrc fs obfstig`f afgoac i dofrtcs lidtcrfs, fbtrf `cs dui`fs rfsi`tib `is fblfrnfaiafs y `cs obsfdtcs p`ieis quf cdisocbib pïraoais fstoniais fb 4;% af `i prcauddoôb pctfbdoi` nubaoi` af` du`tovc.

@ipiz-Gc`ovoi

7;7;

 

FBLFWNFAIAFT  F` didic fs ilfdtiac pcr bunfrcsis fblfrnfaiafs, pfrc `is nés onpcrtibtfs scb scb `i nizc nizcrd rdi i bf bfer eri i c ni nibd bdmi mi pi pira rai, i, pr prca caud udoa oai i pc pcrr mc mcbe becs cs af af`` eï eïbf bfrc rc [mytcpmtmcri, [mytcpm tmcri, `i fsdcgi af gruji (Ncbo`oc (Ncbo`ocpmtmcr pmtmcri i pfrbodocsi), pfrbodocsi), f` ni` af` nidmft nidmftf f prcaudoac pcr Dfritcdystos didiclubfsti, `i ncbo`oisos (Ncbo`ocpmtmcri rcrfro) y `is gugis (Lusiroun afdfndf``u`irf), fbtrf ctris.

NITCWDI BFEWI AF@ DIDIC ([mytcpmtmcri pi`novcri gut`fr) Iefbtf diusi` Fsti fblfrnfaia fs diusiai pcr f` ccn ccnodftf odftf af` efbfrc pmytcpmtmcri, afbtrc af` dui` sf fbdufbtrib `is soeuofbtfs fspfdofs dcnc diusibtfs af `i fblfrnfaia pmytcpmtmcri pi`novcri: piri dfbtrc infrodi, sur infrodi y ilrodi, pmytcpmtmcri nfeispfrni, pmytcpmtmcri pirisîtodi, pmytcpmtmcri sorobeif y pmytcpmtmcri dotro, fb sur infrodi, pmytcpmtmcri nfeihiryi fb ilrodi, sofbac fsti fspfdof `i nis voru`fbti.

Tîbtcnis: @css sî @c sîbt btcn cnis is né néss dir dirid idtf tfrî rîst stod odcs cs af `i fblf fblfrn rnfai faia a sc scb b `f `fso socb cbfs fs af dc dc`c `cr  r  nirrôbdmcdc`itf quf sf ieribaib y tfrnobib pcr dugror tcti`nfbtf `cs lrutcs, prcaudofbac fb f` dinpc `i ipirodoôb af nizcrdis c lrutcs bfercs. F` pitôefbc obviaf f` tfjoac obtfrbc cdisocbibac `i afdc`cridoôb y puarodoôb af `is i`nfbaris y, lobi`nfbtf, lobi`nfbtf, f` fbbferfdono fbbferfdonofbtc fbtc y ncnol ncnolodidoô odidoôb b af `is nizcrdi nizcrdiss y dmorf`fs. @is `fsocbfs fb `is nizcrdis c dmorf`fs pufafb ipirfdfr fb dui`quofr pirtf af `cs lrutcs, pfrc `i oblfddoôb cdurrf lrfdufbtfnfbtf fb `i pubti af `i nizcrdi c fb f` pubtc pub tc af ob obsf sfrdo rdoôb ôb af af`` pf pfaod aodf` f`c. c. @c @css lr lrut utcs cs nés nés ilfdt ilfdtiac iacss sc scb b `c `css quf quf sf fbdufbtrib fb `i pirtf giji af `is p`ibtis, dfrdibcs i` suf`c.

@ipiz-Gc`ovoi

7;7;

 

Fb `is p`ébtu`is, `i oblfddoôb af `is mcjis jôvfbfs y f` ti``c cdisocbi qufnizôb c dibaf`o``i.

 Iafnés, [. pi`novcri y [. nfeihiryi pufafb oblfdtir f` ti``c, `cs dcjobfs l`cri`fs y `cs dmupcbfs, prcaudofbac `i lcrnidoôb af dmibdrcs quf i nfbuac qufaib fsdcbaoacs pcr `i dcrtfzi Qingoïb ilfdtib f` trcbdc. y f` duf``c af `is p`ibtis. F` aiùc cdisocbiac pcr `cs dmibdrcs fb `cs ti``cs y riîdfs, iafnés af rfaudor f` voecr af `cs érgc`fs, prcaudf `i nufrtf af` 9;% af `is p`ibtis ibui`nfbtf.

@ipiz-Gc`ovoi

7;7;

 

Dod`c af `i fblfrnfaia.

 

Dcbtrc` Dcbtrc` du`turi` Fvotir f` fxdfsc af scngri piri `cerir ubi nfjcr o`unobidoôb y dordu`idoôb af` io iorf, rf, ub ubi i prc prcbt bti i rfa rfaud uddo doôb ôb af `i mu munf nfaia aia af afbt btrc rc af `i p`ib p`ibti tido doôb ôb arf arfbi bijf jf,, f`onobidoôb af ni`fzis, fstrudturis af dcbsfrvidoôb af suf`cs y ctrcs, i nibfri af aosnubor `is dcbaodocbfs quf livcrfdfb `i efrnobidoôb af `is zccpcris. 

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Wfdc`fdtir y qufnir `cs dmupcbfs sfdcs ncaolodiacs, nizcrdis fblfrnis, lrutcs scgrf niaurc y rfstcs af dcsfdmi. Dcbtrc`ir pfroôaodinfbtf `is ni`fzis.

Tunfreor `ispcr nizcrdis fblfrnis fbafqufrcsïb c eis-cî`, piri su pcstfrocr  afstruddoôb lufec, dcbstruddoôb lcsi. @ipiz-Gc`ovoi

7;7;

 

Dcbtrc` quînodc 

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 Ip`odir f` di`ac gcraf`ïs, scgrf `i gisf af `i supfrvosoôb y f` rfdufbtc af `i fblfrnfaia.  Ip`odir lfrto`ozidoôb af `i p`ibtidoôb af nibfri lriddocbiroi y cgfafdofbac i` ibé`osos af suf`c rfspfdtovc.

Vsir lubeodoais i gisf af dcgrf i `i acsos nfaoi dcnfrdoi`, auribtf `cs 4 pronfrcs nfsfs.

FTDCGI AF GWVJI AF@ DIDIC (Ncbo`ocpmtmcri rcrfro) Iefbtf diusi` F` iefbtf diusi` af fsti fblfrnfaia fs ncbo`ocpmtmcri pfrbodocsi. @is fspcris dcb dcbst stototuy uyfb fb ob obcd cdu` u`c c né nés on onpc pcrt rtibt ibtf f pir piri ipcrcr croe oeob obir ir bufv bufvis is`cob oblf lfdd ddoc bfss so sob b fngirec scbf`susdfptog`fs isingofbtfs sfdcs `c nosnc pcr quf f`ocbf ieui fs f` f`fnfbtc obaospfbsig`f piri `i efrnobidoôb.

Tîbtcnis [roniroc: mopfrtrcloi fb `i gisf af` mopc dc`otc. F` afsirrc``c riaodu`ir af `is p`ibtis oblfdtiais prfsfbti ub afsirrc``c nuy fsdisc fb rf`idoôb dcb `is p`ibtis sibis. Tfdub Tf dubai airo rocs cs.. Qr Qros ostf tfzi zi,, d`crc d`crcso soss y sf sfdin dinof ofbt btc c lc lc`o`oir. ir. Tî Tîbt btcn cnis is fb yfn yfnis is af p`ébtu`is dcbsostfbtfs fb `i mopfrtrcloi af` grctf probdopi` y f` afsirrc``c af yfnis ixo`irfs, tingoïb mopfrtrcloiacs prc`olfridoôb, ieriainofbtc y pfrsostfbdoi af `is fstopu`is fb f` épodf af `is yfnis, gisf af` pfdoc`c af `is mcjis mopfrtrcloiac. Tîbtcnis fb `is yfnis tfrnobi`fs af `cs érgc`fs, fsdcgi `étoec, bfdrcsos af yfni y rinis 76 itrcloiais, fsdcgi vfeftitovi af dcjobfs l`cri`fs y prc`olfridoôb af l`crfs y lrutcs dmoroncycs, lrutcs zibimcroi

@ipiz-Gc`ovoi

7;7;

 

 

Fsdcgis fb dcjobfs l`cri`fs. I. Fsdcgi jcvfb, G y D. Fsdcgis nés afsirrc``iais, dcb lcrnidoôb af lrutcs topc zibimcroi y dmoroncyi.

 

Tîbtcnis af fsdcgi af gruji fb lrutcs af didic. I. ‐Os`i vfraf„8 G. Igu`t Tîbtcnis Igu`tinofbt inofbtc c bferc y puarodoôb af i`nfbaris8 D. @fsoôb ‐dmcdc`itf„, dcb gcrafs orrfeu`irfs y gro``ibtf.

@ipiz-Gc`ovoi

7;7;

 

Dod`c af `i fblfrnfaia

Dcbtrc` @i fstritfeoi nés flfdtovi piri f` dcngitf af `i fsdcgi af gruji fs f` nibfjc obtferiac, pcbofbac fb prédtodi virois nfaoais. @i pronfri fs fstig`fdfr ub prcerini af pcais, tibtc af `is p`ibtis af didic dcnc af `i scngri, i lob af rfaud rfa udor or `i mu munf nfaia aia rf rf`i `itotovi vi.. F` F`on onob obir ir (dc (dcrt rtib ibac ac y qu qufn fnib ibac) ac) ér érgc` gc`fs fs nu nuyy ilfdtiacs y pcdc prcaudtovcs. F`onobir `is fsdcgis, pcaébac`is ibtfs af `i fbtriai af `is ``uvois, i lob af fvotir  `i lcrnidoôb af `cs gisoaocdirpcs. F`onobir `cs lrutcs ilfdtiacs pfroôaodinfbtf, qufnébac`cs c fbtfrrébac`cs. @i fsdcgi af gruji pufaf tribsnotorsf pcr `i sfno``i, pcr `c quf fs onprfsdobaog`f dunp`or dcb `is bcrnis duirfbtfbirois bidocbi`fs f obtfrbidocbi`fs quf prcmîgfb f` tris`iac af sfno``i y yfnis afsaf piîsfs y zcbis acbaf sf miyi rfpcrtiac `i fblfrnfaia.

NCBO@OITOT Iefbtf diusi` F` nodrccreibosnc diusi` af `i ncbo`oisos af` didic fs f` mcbec ncbo`ocpmtmcri rcrfro ( Dl. & [ir. ). Fvibs, ub mcbec af `i d`isf Afutfrcnodftfs (Onpfrlfdtcs) y f` @ipiz-Gc`ovoi

7;7;

 

crafb ncbo`oirfs. Iub bc sf dcbcdf su fstiac pfrlfdtc (sfxui`), pcr `c quf sf drff quf su rfprcaudddocb sf rfi`ozi sc`c isfxui`nfbtf pcr dcboaocs. @cs dcboaocs scb `is úbodis fstrudturis, misti imcri dcbcdoais, dipisfs af diusir oblfddoôb.  Idtui`nfbtf sf sueofrf `i obd`usoôb af` mcbec ncbo`ocpmtmcri rcrfro fb `i d`isf Gidoaocnodftf, fspfsof drfbopf``os rcrfro, vir. Wcrfro.

Tîbtcnis: @cs sîbtcnis af `i ncbo`oi af` didc pufafb aovoaorsf fb 6 lisfs. [ronfr sîbtcni, pubtcs d`ircs c erisofbtcs fb `i nizcrdi. @cs pubtcs erisofbtcs scb aolîdo`fs aolîdo`fs af vfr pcr `c quf sf midf ubi gufbi rfvosoôb af `i nizcrdi nizcrdi,, pufafb cgsfrvirsf. Fb nizcrdis af dc`cr vfraf, `cs pubtcs scb af dc`cr iniro``c. _ fb `cs lrutcs af dc`cr rcjc, `cs pubtcs scb af dc`cr ibiribjiacs . [iri dcnprcgir quf `i nizcrdi fsté oblfdtiai pf`incs ipfbis `i disdiri dcb f` nidmftf nidmft f acbaf sf cgsfrvf f` `ueir d`irc y so sf bctib pubtotc pubtotcss dilïs f` mcbec yi fsté afbtrc af` lrutc. Fb nudmis cdisocbfs yi miy puarodoôb af `is sfno``is.

Tfeubac sîbtcni8 igu`tinofbtcs eogis c dmodmcbfs @cs igu`tinofbtcs c eogis quf sf prfsfbtib fb `cs 7 pronfrcs nfsfs af faia af` lrutc, quf f` fstiac af` pfpobo``c af `i nizcrdi, ipirfdfb i diusi af `i fbtriai af` mcbec fb f` lrutc. Duibac `is nizcrdis dcb eogi c dmodmctf afjib fb f` suf`c f` afsirrc``c af `i fblfrnfaia sf aftofbf y bc sf prcaudfb fspcris. Qfrdfr sîbtcni8 niaurfz prfnituri: @i niaurfz prfnituri fs ub sîbtcni fbeiùcsc yi quf i` cgsfrvir ubi nizcrdi sf pufaf drffr quf i niauriac, pfrc i` igror`i, sf fbdufbtri quf `is sfno``is fstéb pcaroais. @cs lrutcs dcb fstf sîbtcni scb nés pfsiacs quf `is nizcrdis niauris sibis.

Duirtc sîbtcni8 nibdmi dilï gro``ibtf c dc`cr dmcdc`itf: @is nibdmis dilï dmcdc` dmcdc`itf, itf, drfdfb af lcrni orrfeu`i orrfeu`irr misti dugror tcti`nfbtf tcti`nfbtf `i nizcrdi. I` ivibzir `i nibdmi, f` lrutc sf pcbf nés pfsiac y dcnofbzi i sfdirsf. @is nizcrdis afjiais fb f` suf`c fb f` fstiac af nibdmi af dmcdc`itf ``feib i prcaudor sfno``is c fspcris quf pufafb oblfdtir i ctrcs lrutcs misti pcr 7; aois.

Yuobtc sîbtcni8 pc`vc g`ibdc y drfncsc: F` ú`tonc sîbtcni fb ub lrutc itidiac pcr `i ncbo`oi, fs `i ipirodoôb af `i nibdmi af dmcdc`itf, af ub vc`vc g`ibqufdobc quf `ufec sf vuf`vf drfncsc. Fstc ipirfdf < i 9; aîis afspuïs af `is nibdmis dmcdc`itf y fs nuy pf`oercsc, yi quf fstf pc`vc scb `is fspcris c sfno``is af` mcbec, quf pufafb oblfdtir ctrcs lrutcs c p`ibtidocbfs sibis. @ipiz-Gc`ovoi

7;7;

 

@is nizcrdis afjiais fb f` suf`c dcb pc`vc g`ibdc pufafb oblfdtir i ctris nizcrdis y p`ibtidocbfs sibis auribtf 4; aîis.

 

Tîbt Tîbtcn cnis is af nc ncbo bo`o`oiso isoss fb lr lrut utcs cs af di didic dic.. I. Eogis fb ub lrutc jcvfb 8 G. @fsocbfs af virocs tiniùcs fb lrutcs, dcb nodf`oc g`ibdc8   D. Lrutc tcti`nfbtf dugofrtc pcr f` mcbec.

Tîbtcnis af ncbo`oi fb ubi nizcrdi af didic. I `i ozquofrai sf cgsfrvi `i puarodoôb obtfrbi af` lrutc y i `i afrfdmi, `i `fsoôb bfdrôtodi dugofrti pirdoi`nfbtf pcr f` fstrcni g`ibqufdobc af` mcbec.

@ipiz-Gc`ovoi

7;7;

 

Dod`c af `i fblfrnfaia

DCBQWC@ F` dcngitf af `i ncbo`oisos af` didic pcr nfaoc af lubeodoais fs ubi prédtodi pcdc flfdtovi y scgrf tcac bc fdcbônodi, pcr `c dui` sf pufaf dcbvovor dcb `i fblfrnfaia, nibtfbofbac bovf`fs af obdoafbdoi pcr afgijc af` ungri` fdcbônodc sob bfdfsoaia af usir lubeodoais quînodcs.

NI@ AF NIDMFQF Iefbtf diusi` F` ni ni`` af af`` ni nidm dmft ftf f fs di dius usia iac c pcr pcr f` mcbe mcbec c Df Dfrid ridtc tcdy dyst stos os did didic ic lu lubfs bfsti ti (>Dfritcdystos longroiti). F` mcbec prfsfbti nodf`oc sfptiac, nuy rinolodiac y acs topcs topcs af fsp fspcris cris isfx isfxui` ui`fs: fs: fba fbacdc cdcboa boaois ois (i` (i`irei ireiais ais y tri tribsp bspirfb irfbtfs tfs)) y nidrcdcboaois (af pirfa erufsi y lcrnis aolfrfbtfs). Fb `i rfprcauddoôb sfxui` sf prcaudfb pfrotfdocs af dc`cr csdurc dcb isdcspcris moi`obis, rfacbafiais y e`cgcsis. @is fspcris isfxui`fs y `is sfxui`fs scb oblfdtovis y sf prcaudfb fb erib dibtoaia fb `is ei`frîis pfrlcriais pcr `cs obsfdtcs.

Tîbtcnis @ipiz-Gc`ovoi

7;7;

 

@cs pronfrcs sîbtcnis vosog`fs scb nirdmotfs y inirro``i nofbtc af `is mcjis y fb fsf ncnfbtc f` érgc` fb rfi`oaia yi fsté nufrtc. Fb ub p`izc af acs i duitrc sfnibis `i dcpi fbtfri sf sfdi, pfrnibfdofbac `is mcjis nufrtfs iamfroais i` érgc` pcr ub tofnpc. @is `fsocbfs pcr nfaoc af `is dui`fs pfbftri f` mcbec pufafb sfr diusiais fb lcrni bituri`, dcnc `is prcaudoais pcr rinis af érgc`fs af scngri i` difr8 tingoïb trigijiacr obstrunfbtcs dcrtibtfs, dcnc ni nidmf dmftf tf `is af pufafs pc pcair air,, cdisocbir dcsfd dc sfdmi mirr yf` afsyf afs yfrgi rgir8 r8 dcb f` ni` ni ` af ni nidm dmft ftf f sf aosfn aosfnob obi i lédo lédo`n `nfb fbtf tf pc pcrr ,fao ,faoc c af mf mfrr rrin inof ofbt btis is dcbt dcbtin inob obia iai, i, au auri ribt btf f `i pcai pcai y `i rfdc`fddoôb, af nibfri quf duibac sf rfi`ozib fstéb cpfridocbfs fb zcbis acbaf fxostf `i fblfrnfaia, fblfrnfaia, tcais `is mfrrin mfrrinofbtis ofbtis afgfb sfr afsobl afsoblfdtiais fdtiais88 fs tingoïb onpcrtibtf, fvotir f` aiùc obbfdfsiroc i `cs irgc`fs auribtf `is `igcrfs af `onpofzi, pcai y rfncdoôb af dmupcbfs.

  [`ibt [`ibti i nu nufrt frti i pcr Ni` Ni` af ni nidm dmft ftf, f, dc dcb b mc mcji jiss ac acg` g`iai iaiss mi mido doi i ig igij ijc c y qu quf f pfrnibfdfb `irec tofnpc iamfroais i `i p`ibti.

 Iau`tc af dcquotc fsdcpftfr fsdcpftfrc c (]y`fgcrus sp.), quf cdisocbi mfr mfroais oais quf pfrnotfb i` mcbec @isocaop`caoi tmfcgrcnif pfbftrir i `is rinis af didic.

@ipiz-Gc`ovoi

7;7;

 

Dod`c af `i fblfrnfaia @i aosfnobidoôb af fspcris prcvfbofbtfs af p`ibtis fblfrnis c nufrtis, quf sf afpcsotib fb mfroais ai obodoc i `i fblfrnfaia. F` mcbec dc`cbozi `cs viscs af` l`cfni,, `c quf itrif i `cs obsfdtcs af` eïbfrc ]y`fgcrus. Fstcs obsfdtcs l`cfni obsfdtcs pfrlcrib ei`frîis, `is dui`fs scb obviaoais pcr f` mcbec. @is mfngris vîrefbfs vuf`ib midoi érgc`fs sibcs c aïgo`fs, sf`fddocbibac sotocs af rfprcauddoôb, afsaf acbaf fnotf lfrcncbis sfxui`fs nidmcs.`cs F` sîbtcnis, pfrîcac af`idc`cbozidoôb fs `irec (96-9= nfsfs), pfrcquf ubiitrifb vfz sfi `cs prfsfbtib p`ibti nufrf súgotinfbtf. @i aosfnobidoôb cdurrf pcr obsfdtcs y pcr mfrrinofbtis af trigijc.

Dcbtrc` Dcbtrc` du`turi`

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Tf rfdcnofbai dcbtrc`ir `cs aiùcs quf midfb `cs pfrlcriacrfs af` trcbdc. Fvotir mfror i `cs irgc`fs dcb `is mfrrinofbtis af trigijc. Dugror dcb doditrozibtf `is mfroais diusiais pcr `i pcai[cai [c airr y qu qufn fnir ir `is `is rf rfin inis is pf pfrl rlcr cria iais is pc pcrr obsf obsfdt dtcs cs piri piri fvot fvotir ir `i aosfnobidoôb af `i fblfrnfaia. Afsoblfdtir `is mfrrinofbtis af pcai y dcsfdmi dcb lcrnc` i` 7%. Vto`ozir nitfroi` rfsostfbtf piri `is rfsofngris.

Dcbtrc` quînodc   

 Ip`odir di`ac af gcraf`ïs gfb`itf 4er/9; y 9 af ieui.  Ip`odir quobdfbi`fs af ub dúprodc c gfb`itf.  Ip`odir lubeodoais.

IBQWIDBCTOT AF@ DIDIC Iefbtf diusi` F` iefbtf diusi` fs Dc``ftctrodmun e`cfcspcrocoafs. Fstf mcbec pfrtfbfdf i `i d`is d` isf f Af Afut utfrc frcny nydft dftfs, fs, cra crafb fb Nf`i Nf`ibd bdcb cboi oi`f `fss y bc lc lcrni rni fsd` fsd`fr frcd cdoc ocs. s. @c @css iprfscrocs pcsffb nérefbfs fbtfrcs, i`eubis vfdfs `cgu`iacs. @cs dcboaocs, lcrniacss fb dcboao lcrniac dcboaoôlcrcs ôlcrcs dcrtcs fb idïrvu` idïrvu`cs cs scb rfdtc rfdtcs, s, do`îbarodcs, do`îbarodcs, dcb f` épodf cgtusc y `i gisf trubdiai, af < i 76 pcr 1 i < ΰn.

Tîbtcnis Dc``ft Dc`` ftct ctro rodmu dmun n e`cf e`cfcs cspcr pcroc ocoa oafs fs fs f` di dius usib ibtf tf af ni nibdm bdmis is pirai piraiss fb `is nizcrdis af didic, prflfrfbtfnfbtf `is jôvfbfs8 fb f` dfbtrc af `is nibdmis ipirfdf ub rfvfstonofbtc af dc`cr rcsi dcbstotuoac pcr `is lrudtolodidocbfs af

@ipiz-Gc`ovoi

7;7;

 

mcbecs, iafnés itidi `is mcjis af `cs grctfs tofrbcs ``feibac i diusir `i nufrtf af `i rini.

@fsocbfs fb `is mcjis obaudoais pcr ibtridbcsos (I),`fdocbfs fb `is mcjis. (G) `fsoôb bferi mubaoai fb ub lrutc, (D) dcboaocs af Dc``ftctrodmun e`cfcspcrocoafs.

Dod`c af `i fblfrnfaia. @is fspcris sf lcrnib fb mcjis, rinis, lrutcs fblfrncs dc`eibtfs c fb rfstcs af dcsfdmi oblfdtiacs fb f` suf`c. @is fspcris scb aosfnobiais pcr f` vofbtc, si`podiac af ieui af ``uvoi, ieui af fsdcrrfbtîi, pcr obsfdtcs y pcr mfrrinofbtis. F` pfrîcac af oblfddoôb fs répoac y fb sc`c cdmc aîis sf cgsfrvib `cs pubtcs bfdrôtodcs, bfdrôto dcs, aofz aîis afspuï afspuïss ipirfd ipirfdfb fb `is nibdmis y scgrf ïstis, ipirfdfb `is dcboaois piri dcbtobuir f` dod`c. @i fblfrnfaia fs nés lrfdufbtf fb p`ibtidocbfs afsduoaiais y érgc`fs fxpufstcs i `i `uz sc`ir fb, discs fb `cs dui`fs diusi sfvfris pïraoais fb f` lc``ijf, puaofbac prfsfbtirsf fb dcbaodocbfs af giji munfaia. Qingoïb sf mi prfsfbtiac `i fblfrnfaia fb didicti`fs gijc scngrîc fxdfsovc, fb acbaf cdisocbi bfdrcsos sfvfri af` lc``ijf.

Dcbtrc` @i ridocbi`ozidoôb af` scngrîc fb f` didicti` fs af erib onpcrtibdoi piri f` nibfjc af `i ibtridbcsos. Fb f` dinpc afgf nibtfbfrsf af 4; i 6;% y fb f` vovfrc af 6; i 5;% af scngri piri dcngitor `i fblfrnfaia. Fb f` vovfrc tingoïb sf rfdcnofbai `i sofngri fb dinf``cbfs `fvibtiacs, dcb dcgfrturi, i lob af fvotir  f` si`podiac af ieui af ``uvoi. Qingoïb sf rfdcnofbai `i ip`odidoôb af lubeodoais i gisf af dcgrf y `i f`onobidoôb af p`ébtu`is ilfdtiais. Fb érgc`fs iau`tcs, `is rinis ilfdtiais afgfb pcairsf 9;dn pcr afgijc af` érfi ilfdtiai, ip`odibac ub doditrozibtf vfefti` y afsoblfdtibac iafduiainfbtf `is mfrrinofbtis af trigijc. Tf rfpcrti `i flodidoi af `is ispfrsocbfs af lubeodoais i gisf af dcgrf fb f` dcbtr dcb trc` c` af `i ib ibtr trid idbcs bcsos os af af`` di didi dic. c. @is @is `i `igcr gcrfs fs af lf lfrt rto`o`oz ozido idoôb ôb,, dc dcbt btrc` rc` af ni`fzis, pcais af dcpi af` didic y af érgc`fs af scngri, rfncdoôb y qufni af `cs dmorf`fs fblfrncs i` lobi` af dcsfdmis niycrfs scb flfdtovis piri nibfjir `i ibtridbcsos.

@ipiz-Gc`ovoi

7;7;

 

@I NVFWQF WFEWFTO\I AF@ DIDIC Iefbtf diusi` F` iefbtf diusi` fsfcgr f`grcn mcbec tmfcgrcnif ([it) Eroll iba (sob> Gctr Gc tryc ycao aop` p`ca caoi oi tmfc tm cnif if). ).@isocaop`caoi Fs ub mc mcbe bec c Af Afut utfr frcn cnyd ydft ftfs fs, , Niug` af` af` cr craf afb b Tpmifrcpsoai`fs, lino`oi Tpmifrcpsoaidfif-[mifcaoaynif. F` mcbec lcrni ub nodf`oc nodf` oc g`ibdc quf répoainfbt répoainfbtf f sf tcrbi eros csdurc, dcb lcrnidoôb lcrnidoôb af podboa podboaocs. ocs. @is fspc fspcris ris scb cv cvi` i`ia iais is,, ub ubod odf` f`u` u`irf irfss y tr trib ibsp spirf irfbt btfs fs du duib ibac ac jô jôvfb vfbfs fs y csduris, sfptiais y csduris i` niaurir.

Tîbtcnis Af idufrac dcb rungcs, dcbsostf fb ubi qufnizôb af `cs grctfs tofrbcs y bfdrcsos af rinis fb tcai `i p`ibti8 obodoi`nfbtf sf cgsfrvi ub iniro``i nofbtc fb `is mcjis nés jôvfbfs, `ufec ubi bfdrcsos fb `cs grctfs quf obviaf tcai `i mcji y iaquofrf ubi dc`cridoôb nirrôb obtfbsc, `is mcjis bfdrcsiais sf dcbvofrtfb fb nuy lréeo`fs y difb, aibac ubi ipirofbdoi af nufrtf afsdfbafbtf. Fb i`eubcs discs ilfdti sc`c `cs grctfs tofrbcs. Débdfr af trcbdcs, fsté îbtoninfbtf rf`idocbiac dcb obsfdtcs pfrlcriacrfs af` trcbdc. F` sîbtcni sf nibolofsti obodoi`nfbtf pcr ubi c virois nibdmis quf sf dcrrfspcbafb dcb ubi bfdrcsos af dc`cr distiùc rcjozc, quf dcb f`  tofnpc sf tcrbi af ub dc`cr eros csdurc8 fstis ivibzib nés répoainfbtf fb sfbtoac mcrozcbti` quf vfrtodi` y pufafb ``feir i i`dibzir i `i nfau`i. Tîbtcnis tîpodcs quf qufnizôb fb `is mcjis y rinis, sf midf fvoafbtf ubi l`idoafz y iniro``i nofbtc af `is rinis ilfdtiais, misti quf scgrfvofbf `i nufrtf af `is nosnis8 pcstfrocrnfbtf, `i dcrtfzi sf vuf`vf logrcsi y sf sfpiri dcb lido`oaia af `i niafri.

[u [uaro arodo doôb ôb bfe bferi ri,, af is ispf pfdt dtc c di dirg rgcb cbcsc csc,, fb lr lrut utcs cs af did didic ic ilfdt ilfdtia iacs cs pc pcr  r  @isocaop`caoi tmfcgrcnif @ipiz-Gc`ovoi

7;7;

 

 

[`ib [`ibti ti nufrt nufrti i pc pcrr nufrt nufrtf f rf rferf erfso sovi, vi, dcb mc mcji jiss ac acg` g`iai iaiss mid midoi oi ig igij ijc c y qu quf f pfrnibfdfb `irec tofnpc iamfroais i `i p`ibti.

dod`c af `i fblfrnfaia Fsti fblfrnfaia sf nibolofsti fb `is rinis, ti``cs, riîdfs y lrutcs, `onotibac `i dipidoaia lctcsobtïtodi y prcaudtovi af `i p`ibti, diusi `i nufrtf af rinis c af tcai `i p`ibti y fb nudmcs discs fs rfspcbsig`f af `i nufrtf af objfrtcs. F` prcdfsc af oblfddoôb af fsti fblfrnfaia fsti obl`ufbdoiac pcr `i `uz, tfnpfrituri, munfaia, faia af `i p`ibti y `i dcbdfbtridoôb af obcdu`c. Dcbtrc`  

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@is pcais sibotirois, quf obl`uyfb gésodinfbtf `i i`onfbtidoôb af` tfjoac vfefti` ilfdtiac. [rédtodis du`turi`fs piri quotir `is dcbaodocbfs livcrig`fs af afsirrc``c af` mcbec. Fnp`fc af di`acs gôraf`fs duibac f` pitôefbc sfi nuy ierfsovc.

@ipiz-Gc`ovoi

7;7;

 

@IT IEI@@IT AF@ DIDIC Iefbtf diusi`. @is iei``is af` didic fs ubi fblfrnfaia diusiai pcr f` mcbec  I`gcbfdtroi (sob. Di`c Di `cbf bfdt dtro roi i

y

Bfdt Bfdtro roi i)

roeoaousdu`i  (i (ibincrlc:

Lusiro Lus iroun un

afdfnd afdfndf`` f``u`i u`irf rf),

usui`nfbtf fb iscdoidoôb dcb obsfdtcs nîroacs. F` nodf`oc fs i`ecacbcsc, g`ibdc, y tcni aolfrfbt aolfrfbtfs fs tcbi`oaia tcbi`oaiafs fs afpfbaofbac af` nfaoc af du`to du`tovc vc acbaf drfdf y `i `unobcsoaia i `i dui` fs scnftoac, pfrc efbfri`nfbtf fs rcsiai c púrpuri. @cs dcboaoôlcrcs moi`obcs prcaudfb acs topcs af dcboaois moi`obis. @i nodrcdcboaois scb ubodf`u`irfs, cvcoafs y cg`cbeis, af 6-? x 4-6 nn, sc`is c fb diafbi. @is nidrcdcboaois scb nu`todf`u`irfs, fb lcrni af dibci, af 6;-