Energy Management

ENERGY MANAGEMENT PRESENTED BY : MERCHANT SHAFI.S BRIJESH PATEL

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DEFINATION OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT 

“ The judicious & effective use of energy to maximize profits & enhance competitive positions.”

WHY ENERGY MANAGEMENT? 

There are many reasons for adapting energy management programs in facilities. These reasons can be summarized as follows:

The principle of saving natural resources 2) Economic benefits 3) Protection of the environment 4) Customer satisfaction &c national good 1)

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The principle of saving natural resources : Usable resources are made available to mankind to be utilized for their benefit & well being. Every individual bears the responsibility of not wasting or misusing resources.

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Economic benefits : The obj. of commercial organizations is to maximize profit while the obj. of non commercial organizations is to allocate savings in one area to other imp. tasks. An energy cost is an operating cost, & savings in this area could be continuously utilized.

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Protection of the environment : In a world with serious environment safety concerns, the need is governing for more technical, political, & management activities to use clean, safe & economically feasible energy as well as contributing to reduce production of environmentally damaging products such as acid rain & ozone depleting products.

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Customer satisfaction & national good : Energy management results in wise utilization of available energy resources that will reflect well on the individuals concerned as well as society as a whole.

PRINCIPLES OF ENERGY MANGEMENT 

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Usable energy can be obtained from various primary resources by conversion processes. Primary resources are available in plenty but available useful energy is limited. Usable energy must be managed by supply side& user side. Usable secondary energy is a vital economic commodity. With every consumption of usable energy. There are several possible methods to reduce /unit energy consumption. There are options of energy route for every process. Automation in energy consuming processes gives energy saving & recovery of investment in automation. Every one uses energy. Every person in the organization has creative ability towards energy objectives.

STRATEGY/METHODOLOGY OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT Energy management is not by chance/incident/accident. It is a mission with a target. It can’t be dine single hand or by sitting on a table. It needs coordinated effort by team of energy conscious people with a milestone to be established. Very concerted efforts in a planned manner to established energy management. some of steps to reach to the target of energy conservation can be listed as bellow :  Identification of inefficient areas / equipments.  Identification of technology/equipment requirement.  Discussion, brain storming & conclusion of resources requirement.  Management of resources like manpower, machine or technology.

ENERGY MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES Self knowledge & awareness among the masses.  Re-engineering & evaluation  Technology up-gradations 

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Self knowledge & awareness among the masses : For the successful energy management & implementation, the knowledge of process & machine for the leader is very important. On the first instance, there is always a resistance from the user.

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Re-engineering & technology up gradation : After utilizing the low cost or awareness concept, we need to ascertain, the scope & extent of energy conservation in the process requirement & production capacity & capability.

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Technology up-gradations : After having established the scope of energy conservation in the specified area, the latest technology availability is suitability, sustainability & pricing needs to be studied. Economics needs to be worked out like pay back period, return of investment, quality of energy savings etc.

SCOPE OF AES IN INDIA Renewable energy technologies can help solve energy issues related to electricity generation, namely: environmental concern, energy security, rural electrification & app. In market where conventional electricity supply is not feasible. almost all the states in India are facing energy shortages in the range of 3%to 21% with national average energy shortage of about 10%. Due to rapid economic ,India has one of the world’s fastest growing energy markets & is expected to bathe second–largest contributor to the increase in global energy demand by 2035, accounting for 18% of the rise in global energy consumption. Scope & present status of various AES is described below:

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SOLAR ENERGY : India’s theoretical solar potential is about 5000*10^12 trillion kwh per year, far more than its current total consumption. Currently solar power is prohibitive due to high initial costs of deployment. The main objectives of the solar thermal program are to develop & promote the use of these technologies in order to meet the heat energy requirements in domestic, institutional &industrial sectors in India & also to generate electricity in an environment friendly manner. An exclusive solar generation system of capacity of 250 to KWh units per month would cost around Rs. 5 Lacs, with present pricing and taxes. Most of the developed countries are switching over to solar energy as one of the prime renewable energy source. The current architectural designs make provision for photovoltaic cells and necessary circuitry while making building plans.

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WIND ENERGY : The development of wind power in India began in 1990s,& has progressed steadily in the last few years. Currently India has fifth largest installed capacity of 14158 Mw till the end of march 2011. wind mills are established mainly in Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka& Rajasthan. The economics of wind energy is already strong, despite the relative immaturity of the industry. The downward trend in wind energy costs is predicted to continue. As the world market in wind turbines continues to boom, wind turbine prices will continue to fall. India now ranks as a “wind superpower” having a net potential of about 45000 MW only from 13 identified states.

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BIOMASS : The availability of biomass in India is estimated at about 540*10^6 tons/year covering residues from agriculture, forestry, & plantations. Principal agriculture residues include rice husk, rice straw, baggage, sugar cane tops & leaves, trash, groundnut shells, cotton stalks etc. Biomass energy can play a major role in reducing India’s reliance on fossil fuels by making use of thermo-chemical conversion technologies. In addition, the increased utilization of biomass-based fuels will be instrumental in safeguarding the environment, creating new job opportunities, sustainable development and health improvements in rural areas. Biomass energy could also aid in modernizing the agricultural economy.

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BIO-FUELS : In India out of the 6,00,000 km2 of waste land i.e. 3,00,000 km2 is suitable for jatropha cultivation. Once this plant is grown, it has a useful lifespan of several decades. Biofuels are produced from living organisms or from metabolic by-products (organic or food waste products). In order to be considered a biofuel the fuel must contain over 80 percent renewable materials. It is originally derived from the photosynthesis process and can therefore often be referred to as a solar energy source. There are many pros and cons to using biofuels as an energy source

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OCEAN ENERGY : The various forms of energy from the seas & oceans which are receiving attention at present are tidal power, ocean thermal energy conversion(OTEC, waves & ocean currents. OTEC has a potential installed capacity of 1,80,000 MW in India & that of tidal power generation in km is 40,000 MW.

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GEOTHERMAL ENERGY : In India, various agencies like the Geological survey of India (GSI), Oil & natural gas corporation (ONGC), National geophysical research institute (NGRI), etc. have conducted studies to assess the geothermal potential in India. Geothermal energy is created by harnessing geothermal energy from the earth.

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HYDROGEN &FUEL CELLS : Emerging fuel cell & hydrogen energy technologies are suited for stationary & portable power generation as well as for transportation purposes. Hydrogen can be used either directly in IC engines or through fuel cells. Fuel cells can be potentially used in domestic, industrial , transport & agriculture sectors & also in remote areas for reliable power supply. Fuel cell power systems cane used as uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems, replacing batteries & diesel generators.

DEFINATION 

“energy conservation means the reduction in energy consumption by use of energy more efficiently or by reducing the wastage of energy making any sacrifice on the quality and quantity of production and growth rate”

ENERGY CONSERVATION MAY REQUIRE AND RESULT INTO THE FOLLOWING. 

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New investments to replace the existing equipment by more efficient equipment and technology. Creates more job opportunities. Lower cost of production and energy usage. Reduction in monthly energy bills. Reduce air pollution and global warming. Reduce dependency on imported energy resources like oil, natural gas or coal.

STRATEGY FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION 

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Optimum utilisation of energy resources. Develop efficient production system. Reduce transmission and distribution losses in electrical power supply system which are very high at present in India on an average of 30%. Plan use of renewable sources of energy in a big way to reduce dependence on primary energy sources (oil, gas and coal) Government must courage use of renewable energy by allowing higher rate of depreciation in tax rates to industrial and residential sector.

Promote and encourage utilization of mass transport system like rail / buses.  Promote recycling of waste products.  Developed infrastructure for road / rail / river / ship links, oil refineries, mining, transmission and distribution of power supply system.  Promote technology to reduce emission.  Privatize energy and infrastructure.  Developed waste energy infrastructure sector. 

PRINCIPLES OF ENERGY CONSERVATION There are two basic principles governing the energy conservation are: 1) Maximum thermodynamic efficiency in energy use. 2) Maximum cost effectiveness in energy use.

MAXIMUM THERMODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY IN ENERGY USE 

In any thermodynamic system, the energy input is partially converted into useful work (output) and the remainder energy is lost during the energy conservation in energy transfer process and the remaining energy is lost during the energy conservation in energy transfer process and the energy at discharge as per represented schematically in fig.  According to second law of thermodynamics, no process is possible which is 100% efficient.  Thus we define the maximum thermodynamic efficiency in use as the ratio of the energy output to the energy input.

MAXIMUM COST EFFECTIVENESS IN ENERGY USE. 

Any conservation process involves either incorporating the additional equipment or by replacing the old and outdated machinery, equipment by new energy efficient equipment. In either case, additional investment is needed on the equipment which in turn increase the annual cost of fuel conservation per unit output while it decreases the annual cost per unit output while it decreases the annual cost per unit output depending upon the extent of energy conservation is carried out. a graph can be plotted between the total annual cost per unit output by combining the above two costs Vs the extent of energy conservation

THANK YOU