EN_Complete Sinumerik Operate Milling_FULL.pdf

Operating and Programming Documentation

828D/840D sl Sinumerik Operate

Milling

Edition 2011.9 Training Manual This document was produced for training purposes. Siemens assumes no responsibility for its contents.

SINUMERIK 828D 840D sl SINUMERIK Operate Operating and Programming Manual for Milling machines

Valid for:

Sinumerik 828D 840D sl Sinumerik Operate Software 2.7

Start B551 General Technology basics

Contents B552 Geometry Basics

B553 Simple Contour Elements

B554 Mathematical Principles B555 Zero offset and Reference Points

B556 Program Structure B559 Loops, Jumps, and Repetitions

B558 Program of Subroutines

B557 Cutting Edge Radius Correction

B566 Operating Elements

B567 Switching on the Machine

B568 Basic Operations

B560 Mirror - offset rotate - scale when milling

B565 Basics

B569 Operating Area MACHINE

B570 Operating Mode JOG B573 Operating Area PARAMETER

B572 Operating Mode AUTO

B571 Operating Mode MDA

B574 Operating Area Program

B575 Operating Area Program Manager B576 Operating Area Diagnostics

B577 Operating Area Start-Up

B604 Basics of Programming with programGUIDE

B609 Drilling programGUIDE

B616 Milling programGUIDE

B608 Drilling Shopmill

B600 Basics of Programming with Shopmill

B656 Measure Milling programGUIDE

B624 Contour Milling programGUIDE

B500 Cycles B615 Milling Shopmill

B655 Measure Milling Shopmill B623 Contour Milling Shopmill

B700 Drawings of programming Examples

B639 Straight Circle Shopmill

End

B551

1

General technology basics

Brief description

Objective of the module: Working through this module you become familiar with the most important technological aspects and machine functions. Description of the module: This module explains the general layout of a program, with respect to the technological commands as per DIN 66025 for turning and milling. Content: Layout of a CNC-program Programming of the technology data Switching commands Programmable presettings Summary

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate 828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 1

This document was produced for training purposes. Siemens assumes no responsibility for its contents.

B551

B551

B551

Page 2

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

B551 General geometry basics: Description This module explains the general layout of a program, with respect to the technological commands as per DIN 66025 for turning and milling.

General technological basics: START

Layout of a CNC-program

Programming of the technology data

Switching commands

Programmable presettings

Summary

General technological basics: END

Notes

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 3

B551

Section 2 Notes

Layout of a CNC-program A CNC-program, also known as part program, consists of a logical sequence of commands, which are executed step-by-step by the control unit after the program has been started. The manufacturers of control units recognize and apply the guidelines as per DIN 66025. Each program is compiled and stored under a program name in the control unit. The name can contain letters as well as numbers. A block starts with a block number followed by the commands. Each command consists of command words, which in turn consist of an address letter (A-Z) and an associated numerical value (both upper or lower case characters are permissible). Program layout: Departure information Block Nr..

N

Auxiliary command

G

Coordinate axes

X

Y

Switching information

Interpolation parameter

Z

Geometrical data

I

J

K

Feed

Speed

Tool

Misc. function

F

S

T

M

Technological data

The block number is a program-technical assignment, which is not evaluated by the control unit as a command. It is usually programmed to go up in steps of 10 and serves the user only for a better oversight. It has no effect on the program execution. The geometrical data include all instructions that clearly define mathematically the motion of the tool or the axes. The technological data are used for instance to activate the required tool and to pre-select the necessary cutting parameters feed rate and spindle speed. Miscellaneous functions can control for example such things as direction of rotation and auxiliary appliances. Programming example: …. N80 T1; Roughing tool N90 M6 N100 G54 F0.2 S180 M4 N110 G00 X20 Y0 Z2 D1 N120 …. In order to improve the overview within a program, comments can be optionally added at the end of a block. These must be preceded by a semicolon; Any characters that follow thereafter will not be taken account of by the control unit.

B551

Page 4

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 3

Programming of the technology data Before every technological working step in a CNC-Program the respective tool must be selected by means of the addresses “T” and “D”.

Notes

The address “T” is followed by the name of the tool, which may be stated either with numbers or letters (here only the variant using numbers will be dealt with). All applicable tool data (e.g. tool type, length, radius, etc.) are activated in the program with the address “D”. Here a complete set of data “D“ is referred to as “Cutting edge”. Several cutting edge numbers (D1 … D9) may be generated for each tool. Programming example:

Explanation:

N10 T17 ; Drill

Block 10, call-up of tool 17, Commentary to the tool Tool change, The cutting edge D... must be activated in the block with the first axis movement.

N20 M6 N30 … D1

After the call-up of the tool, follows the selection of the optimum cutting values with the addresses “F” and “S”. The feed rate vf with the address “F” can be entered either as feed per min (in mm/min) or as feed per revolution (in mm/rev). The Cutting speed vc with the address “S” can be entered either as spindle speed in revolutions per minute (rev/min) or direct as cutting speed in meters per minute (m/min). Default status of the machines when they are powered up are as follows:  Milling machines with feed rate “F” in mm/min

Code G94

 Turning machines with feed per revolution “F” in mm/rev

Code G95

Selection of cutting speed:  Constant cutting speed “S” in m/min (Relative to workpiece Ø)

Code G96

 Deactivate constant cutting speed “S” spindle speed in rev/min (default)

Code G97

Programming example 1: N10 T20 ; Endmill N20 M6 N30 G94 F200 S1000 M3 D1 N40 ….

Explanation:

vf = 200 mm/min, n = 1000 min-1

Programming example 2:

Explanation:

N10 T2; Turning tool, finishing N20 G96 F0.1 S200 M4 D1 N30 ….

vf = 0,1 mm/rev , vc = 200 m/min

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 5

B551

Section 4 Notes

Switching commands There are different commands to control the direction of rotation of the work spindle. Additional auxiliary functions can for example control cooling circuits, clamping devices, auxiliary functions and running of the program. But the presence of these additional functions depends entirely on the technology and the machine design. The following list should be only considered as an example of commands: Instruction

Meaning

M00 M03 M04 M05 M06 M08 M09 M30

Programmed Stop Work spindle ON, clockwise Work spindle ON, anti-clockwise Work spindle Stop (however, the program continues) Tool change Coolant ON Coolant OFF End of program; jump back to the start of the program

Programming example: N10 T1; Face mill N20 M6 N30 G94 G97 F600 S2500 D1 N40 M3 M8 ….. N90 M30

Explanation: Tool change vf = 600 mm/min, n = 2500 min-1 Spindle ON clockwise, coolant ON End of program

(Note: Further functions can be found in the annexure of this manual)

Effect of the switching commands M3 and M4 Example Milling

Example Turning

M3

M4 M3 Viewing direction

M4

B551

Page 6

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 5

Programmable presettings When starting a part program the basic settings as defined by the manufacturer will be activated. These depend on the individual machine specification and apply thereafter for the whole of the program run (modal) unless they are changed by the operator in the program.

Notes

This section describes just a few of the possible selections for turning- and milling machines that deserve highlighting. Note: Codes that have already been dealt with are no longer included

Continuous path behaviour: Exact stop

Code G09 block-by-block

Code G60 * modal

In order to reach the final position precisely the path velocity is reduced at the end of the block towards zero. This is useful, for instance, to obtain relatively sharp edges when machining around contour corners. However, it must be borne in mind that, if there are too many positioning sequences, it will result in increased machining time and cannot be neglected.

Continuous control operation

Code G64

In this case the tool moves as much as possible with constant velocity without deceleration at the end of a block. Hence the machining time is less than under the continuous path status “Exact stop“. The corners of contours are machined without any relief and therefore the corners are not so sharply defined. With this function the control works with a speed control taking into account several blocks ahead (Look Ahead). The even speed in this instance results in better cutting conditions and also a better surface quality. The following image compares the frequent braking and accelerating sequences between the individual blocks in case of G60 and the constant speed in case of G64. Feed rate

G64 Continuous path mode with Look Ahead Programmed feed rate

G60 Exact stop

Block path

*

Usual preset starting status

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 7

B551

Section 5 Notes

Programmable presettings The continuous path behaviour “Exact stop“ with the Codes G09 or G60 respectively does not entirely ensure dimension-wise as to how precisely a corner point between two positioning blocks is attained. If an exact stop has been activated in a program, the codes described below can be used to specify a very precise braking behaviour at the end of blocks. By this it is possible to determine as to how precisely the programmed corner point will be attained. Change-over when the positioning window “fine” is reached Code G601 The tool motion changes to the next block when the tool has reached the fine positioning window. Sharp contour corners result at the programmed destination points. Change-over when the positioning window “coarse” is reached Code G602 This code can be used to obtain a defined rounding of the programmed contour corners. The block change-over occurs already at the coarse positioning window. Block change-over

G601

Destination point of the programmed path Actual tool paths depending on the positioning window

G60

Tool

A dimensional definition of the positioning windows “coarse” and “fine” is preset by means of machine data. Please find out the values preset on your machine by the machine manufacturer from his operation manual if you are going to use the described codes.

B551

Page 8

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 5

Programmable presettings There is yet another means of influencing the continuous path behaviour by changing over to the next positioning block depending on the programmed path velocity of the tool. Change-over when the setpoint position is reached:

Notes

Code G603

The block change-over is initiated as soon as the control has calculated the setpoint speed for all axes to be equal to zero. Since the physical tool position lags behind the calculated value by a certain amount, the effect in this case is that the axis changes direction before the end of the interpolation is reached. The greater the feed rate, the greater is also the lag of the tool behind the evaluated value and therefore the rounding radius. This permits the contour corners to be formed in dependence on the path velocity.

Destination point of the programmed path (Interpolation ends) Actual tool path with smaller feed rates

Workpiece

Actual tool path with greater feed rates

Hint: The rounding radius depends on the programmed path velocity as swell as the drive dynamics of the machine. The codes G601, G602 and G603 are modal. They only have an effect in conjunction with active exact stop with G09 or G60.

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 9

B551

Section 6 Notes

Summary Address

Meaning

T D F S

Tool number Cutting edge (tool data) Feed/Feed rate Speed/Cutting speed

Path information/departure commands Instruction

Meaning

G09 G60 G64 G601 G602 G603

Exact stop, operative block-by-block Exact stop, modal function Continuous path control Change-over when positioning window “fine” is reached Change-over when positioning window “coarse” is reached Change-over when the interpolation end is reached

G70 G71

Input system in inches Input system metrical

G94 G95

Linear feed in mm/min * Feed per revolution in mm **

G96 G97

Constant cutting speed in m/min ** Spindle speed in min-1 * * **

Switching-ON status for milling machines Switching-ON status for turning machines

Switching information Instruction

Meaning

M00

Programmed stop

M03 M04 M05

Work spindle ON, clockwise Work spindle ON, anti-clockwise Work spindle Stop

M06

Tool change

M08 M09

Coolant ON Coolant OFF

M17 M18

End of subprogram End of program, jump back to the beginning of program

All instructions (except G09) mentioned above are modal, until they are programmed to deactivate with different set of instructions. Furthermore there are instructions that are operative only block-by-block, e.g. G09. These are automatically reset by the control unit with the succeeding block.

B551

Page 10

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

B552

1

General geometry basics

Brief description

Objective of the module: Working through this module you learn to understand the programming planes and also how to specify points in a DIN conforming coordinate system. Description of the module: This module explains the assignment of the axis and plane descriptions to the coordinate system of the machine and also teaches the definition of points in relation to the work space. Content: Right hand rule Explanation of the axis assignments Points and distances in the work space Programming planes

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate 828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 1

This document was produced for training purposes. Siemens assumes no responsibility for its contents.

B552

B552

B552

Page 2

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

B552 General geometry basics: Description This module explains the assignment of the axis and plane descriptions to the coordinate system of the machine and also teaches the definition of points in relation to the work space.

General geometry basics: START

Right hand rule

Explanation of the axis assignments

Points and distances in the work space

Programming planes

General geometry basics: END

Notes

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 3

B552

Section 2

Right hand rule

Notes Explanation: According to DIN standard the various axes of motion within work space of CNC machines are addressed by alphabets. The rules for the assignment of the axes are determined in this DIN-standard. The machine coordinate system that is derived from the DIN-standard is the base for the geometrical description of work pieces which allows us to clearly determine the points in a plane or in space. The cartesian (rectangular) spatial coordinate system can be best described with the “Right hand rule”. Here the fingers of the right hand represent the axes: “X” (thumb), “Y” (first finger) and “Z” (middle finger). The finger tips point in the positive direction.

Vertical turning machine

Horizontal milling machine

The position of the machine coordinate system is specified by the machine manufacturer keeping the following in mind:

Definition of axis according to DIN-standard:  Z-Axis: Is aligned parallel to the working spindle or coincides with it. The positive direction points away from the work piece. In case of more than one spindle, one of them will be declared as the main spindle.  X-Axis: Is aligned parallel to the set-up plane or coincides with it. If the Z-axis is vertical, the positive X-axis is directed towards the right. If the Z-axis is horizontal, the positive X-axis is directed towards the left.  Y-Axis: Is perpendicular to the X- and Z-axis, in such a way that a spatial cartesian coordinate system results. The direction “FROM” the work piece “TO” the tool is “PLUS” The tool movement is “ALWAYS” to be programmed!

B552

Page 4

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 3

Defining of axis within a workspace

Notes

Explanation as per DIN 66217 or ISO 841: However defining only three axes is not enough on modern machine tools. For instance if the milling head of a milling machine is to be swivelled by a certain angle or the quill of a tailstock is to be moved, a further definition of these axes is required. The DIN standard provides the following variants for such cases.

Here the rotational axes A/B/C are associated with the X/Y/Z axes. Looking in the positive direction of the linear axis, a clockwise rotation equals a positive rotation of the associated rotary axis.

The axes U/V/W are parallel to the axes X/Y/Z. V

The positive direction is that of the associated main axis.

W

U

Y

B

W

X Z

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 5

B552

Section 4 Notes

Points and distances within the work space Explanation: For the determination of all points within the work space, the control unit requires a zero point of the coordinate system. This has been determined by the machine manufacturer. All other points have either fixed distances from the machine zero point or else the distance must be defined. The machine zero point (M) is determined by the machine manufacturer and cannot be altered. On milling machines point is usually set on the work table, and on turning machines on the spindle flange. The work piece zero point (W) is the origin of the work piece coordinate system. This can be specified by the programmer and should always be chosen in a way that the least calculation work is required to determine points on the contour given the dimensioning of the drawing. For turning work it lies mostly on the turning axis and the right hand planar face. The reference point (R) is approached for initializing the path measuring system, which means that at this point all axes are set to zero. This is necessary since generally speaking the machine zero point cannot be approached. The tool carrier reference point (F) is of prime importance for the adjustment of preset tools. The lengths “L” (XPF) and offset “O” (ZPF) shown in the image below are used as tool calculation values for instance for the tool radius correction and must be entered into the tool memory of the control unit. ZMR

Example: 2-axis turning machine

B552

Page 6

XMR

ZMW

XMF

XPF

ZMF

ZPF

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Points and distances within the work space

Section 4 Notes

ZMW

ZMR

ZPF

Example: 3-axis milling machine

XMR

YMW

YMR

XMW

XMR = YMR = ZMR =

Distances from the reference point to the machine zero point. These are set by the machine manufacturer during commissioning and are transferred to the control unit when the reference point is reached.

XMW = YMW = ZMW =

These represent distances from the machine zero point to the work piece zero point. The work piece zero point must be determined by the operator by scratching or probing and entered into the tool correction memory.

XPF = ZPF =

Distances from the tool carrier reference point to the tool point on the cutting edge or the front face of the milling cutter.

XMF = ZMF =

Distances from the machine zero point to the tool carrier reference point. The distance is determined by the machine manufacturer and entered into the control unit (only relevant on turning machines).

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 7

B552

Section 5 Notes

Programming planes Continuous path control units can control slides and tool carriers simultaneously along 2 or more axes at a programmed feed rate. For this the speed of the individual drives must be matched to one another. This job is taken over by the interpolator of the CNC-control unit. This is a software program for the evaluation of intermediate positions and speed conditions of the individual axes such that the slides can follow the programmed path. Starting with a 2 ½-D Continuous path control unit the interpolation can be switched between the three different planes.

+Z

G18 G19 G17

-Y

+X

A selection of the plane is made with the associated programming instruction:  XY-Plane - programming command G17  XZ-Plane - programming command G18  YZ-Plane - programming command G19 Note: The standard plane being used for working with CNC-Turning machines is G18. With CNC-Milling machines the programming plane G17 is being used. The working plane should either be programmed at the beginning of the NC-program, or before programming an operation in the relevant working plane. The active programming plane is modal and remains active until changed by another programming instruction.

B552

Page 8

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

B553

1

Simple contour elements

Brief description

Objective of the module: Working through this module you learn to program linear and circular interpolation commands both with absolute and incremental dimensions. Description of the module: This module explains the use of absolute, incremental and mixed coordinate points. It also explains the programming of simple geometrical path conditions. Content: Absolute and incremental dimensioning, mixed programming Rapid traverse motion Straight line interpolation Circular interpolation Summary

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate 828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 1

This document was produced for training purposes. Siemens assumes no responsibility for its contents.

B553

B553

B553

Page 2

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

B553 Simple contour elements: Description This module explains the use of absolute, incremental and mixed coordinate points. It also explains the programming of simple geometrical path conditions.

Simple contour elements: START

Absolute and incremental dimensioning, mixed programming

Rapid traverse motion

Straight line interpolation

Circular interpolation

Summary

Simple contour elements: END

Notes

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 3

B553

Section 2 Notes

Absolute and incremental dimensioning, mixed programming 2. 1 Absolute dimensioning When writing CNC-programs a fundamental differentiation must be made between absolute and incremental coordinates. Which of the two options the programmer chooses depends on the usage of the program and the dimensioning on the drawing. Absolute dimensioning, Code G90 All dimensions always refer to the active work piece zero point. About workpiece zero point refer to Module B555 - “reference point, workpiece offset”, Section 3. The absolute coordinates in a departure command describing the position, to which the tool is to traverse. Example: Coordinates for milling:

Workpiece zero point

G90

X

Y

P1

20

35

P2

50

60

P3

70

20

Coordinates An example for turning: (All X values are diameter values, DIAMON)

G90

X

Z

P1

25

-7.5

P2

40

-15

P3

40

-25

P4

60

-35

Code G90 is usually activated as machine default when switching ON. It is modally active for all axes simultaneously and can be reset to incremental dimensioning with G91.

B553

Page 4

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Absolute and incremental dimensioning, mixed programming

Section 2 Notes

2.2 Incremental dimensioning Code G91 (also known as chain dimensioning). All position statements refer to the current starting position of the tool. The programmed value states the coordinate distance, by which the tool is being traversed. Example: Coordinates for milling:

G91

X

Y

P1

20

35

P2

30

20

P3

20

-35

Example: Coordinates for turning: (All X values are radius values, DIAMOF)

G91

X

Z

P1

12.5

-7.5

P2

7.5

-7.5

P3

0

-10

P4

10

-10

Code G91 is modally active for all axes simultaneously and can be reset to absolute dimensioning with G90.

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 5

B553

Section 2 Notes

Absolute and incremental dimensioning, mixed programming 2.3 Mixed Programming As already mentioned, the destination point coordinates can be stated in the program for all types of interpolation as absolute or incremental values respectively. Depending on the presently activated status (G90 or G91), all further coordinate values will refer then also this type of dimensioning. In practice, however, it is often sensible to mix the two possibilities within a program block. The control unit provides a comfortable means of instruction to utilize this additional possibility.

Mixed programming:

Codes AC(…) and IC(…)

A dimension value will also be taken as an absolute dimension under G91 if the following syntax is used: AC(numerical value) If a dimension value is to be taken to be an incremental value under G90, it must be written as follows: IC(numerical value) Clarification of mixed programming with an example for milling: G90

X

Y

P1

20

35

P2

IC(30)

IC(25)

P3

70

IC(-40)

G91

X

Y

P1

AC(20)

AC(35)

P2

30

AC(60)

P3

20

-40

A great number of various possibilities are available to the operator in dealing with a mixture of the two types of dimensioning: Note: The above example describes only a small selection of mixed coordinate inputs. A further selection of examples can be found in the description of interpolation types in this manual.

B553

Page 6

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 3

Rapid traverse motion

Notes

Code G00 Rapid traverse is used for the quickest possible repositioning of the tool to the contour element or, for instance, for moving the tool to the tool changing position. The highest possible speed along a straight line that the machine is capable of attaining is used, however, no machining is possible here. Hence the control unit does not require a value input under the address “F”. Repositioning with rapid traverse can be programmed to take place in several axes simultaneously.

Programming example: N10 T1 ; End mill N20 M6 N30 G00 X200 Y80 Z2 D1

N90 M30

Explanation:

Motion at rapid traverse to the destination point X200, Y80, Z2 (taking into account the tool length) End of program

The above programming example repositions the tool from point P1 to the point P2.

straight line

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 7

B553

Section 4 Notes

Straight line interpolation 4.1 Straight line interpolation Code G01 The straight line interpolation is used to move the tool with an exactly defined speed along a straight line from the current position to the programmed destination point. All axes can be traversed simultaneously, in which case the resulting line of motion can lie anywhere at an angle within the working space. For this the control unit requires a specified feed rate which at the latest must be defined under the address “F” in the block containing the Code G1. The following example describes the milling of a slot with absolute dimensioning as per the drawing shown below. Note: The setup feed rate G94 defines the feed rate in millimetre per minute (mm/min), in comparison to setup feed rate G95 that defines the feed rate in millimetre per revolution (mm/rev). Programming example:

Explanation:

N10 T1 ; End mill Tool call-up T1 N20 M6 N30 G94 F300 S2000 M3 D1 Technology block for the tool T1 with the cutting edge D1, N40 G90 G00 X40 Y48 Z2 M8 With rapid traverse to the starting position P1 on the safety plane (absolute dimensions), N50 G01 Z-12 Plunging with feed rate, N60 X20 Y18 Z-10 Milling the slot in 3 axes (G1 is modally active), N70 Z2 F1000 Retraction with increased feed rate N80 G00 Z200 N90 M30 The following program section shows the milling of the same slot using incremental dimensioning (up to N40 see above):

N50 G91 G1 Z-14 N60 G01 X-20 Y-30 Z2 N70 G90 Z2 F1000 N80 G00 Z200 N90 M30

B553

Page 8

Infeed along Z by –14 mm, Incremental traversing of the axes Retraction with absolute dimensions

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 4

Straight line interpolation 4.2 Straight line interpolation with mixed programming

Notes

The example shown below describes the milling of the slot with mixed coordinates input. Program blocks such as the call-up of the tool etc., which have already been dealt with, will not be repeated. Important: If any address letter “X”, “Y”, “Z” is not followed immediately by a numerical value, an equal-sign must be written instead. Syntax:

X=IC(…), Y=AC(…), Z...

Programming example under G90:

Explanation:

…. N40 G90 G00 X40 Y48 Z2 M8 N50 G01 Z=IC(-14) N60 X20 Y=IC(-30) Z-10 N70 Z2 F1000 ….

To starting position absolute Incremental coordinate Z Incremental coordinate Y

Programming example under G91:

Explanation:

N10 G91 …. N40 G00 X=AC(40) Y=AC(48) Z=AC(2) N50 G01 Z-14 N60 X=AC(20) Y-30 Z2 N70 Z=AC(2) F1000 ….

Incremental dimensioning,

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

To starting position P1 absolute Incremental coordinate Z Absolute coordinate X Absolute coordinate Z

Page 9

B553

Section 5 Notes

Circular interpolation 5.1 Circular interpolation Code Code

G02 (clockwise) G03 (anti-clockwise)

A circular interpolation permits the traversing of the tool with a defined speed along a circular path from the present start point to the programmed destination point. Apart from the destination point coordinates, the control unit also needs statements about the sense of rotation and the centre of the circle. The centre is entered with “I”, “J” and “K” with incremental dimensions with the centre point as origin. The following assignment applies:  I for the X-axis  J for the Y-axis  K for the Z-axis Programming example with G02: Explanation: ….. N40 G00 X30 Y40 Z2 With rapid traverse to the start point N50 G01 Z-5 Grooving with Z N60 G02 X50 Y40 I10 J-7 Circular interpolation clockwise N70 G01 Z2 F1000 …..

Start point End point

Centre point

The following example describes an anti-clockwise circular interpolation as shown in the sketch above. Note: The endpoint in the sketch is now the starting point for the circular interpolation. Programming example with G03: ….. N40 G00 X50 Y40 Z2 N50 G01 Z-5 N60 G03 X40 Y40 I-10 J-7 N70 G01 Z2 F1000 …..

B553

Page 10

Explanation: With rapid traverse to the start point Circular interpolation anti-clockwise

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 5

Circular interpolation 5.2 Circular interpolation with mixed programming

Notes

Particularly the incremental statement of the centre of the circle usually represents some difficulties to the operator in practice, since it must often be evaluated using triangle calculations. This is a prime example of where the mixed coordinate programming of the circle centre point in absolute dimensions comes in useful. Programming example: ….. N40 G00 X30 Y40 Z2 N50 G01 Z-5 N60 G02 X50 Y40 I=AC(40) J=AC(33) N70 G01 Z2 F1000 …..

Explanation:

Circle centre absolute

Start point End point

Centre point

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 11

B553

Section 5 Notes

Circular interpolation 5.3 Circular interpolations before and behind the turning axis The sketch below shows once again the principle of direction programming of circular interpolations. Code G02: Circular arc clockwise Code G03: Circular arc anti-clockwise The following sketch shows the circular arc orientation on turning machines with different tool arrangements due to the machine layout.

Tool arrangement behind the turning axis G2 G3

G2 G3

Tool arrangement in front of the turning axis

Note: No matter which tool arrangement is applicable to the particular machine, the program as per DIN ISO always describes the contour of the workpiece behind the turning axis.

B553

Page 12

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 6

Summary

Notes

Path information Instruction

Meaning

G90

Coordinate input with absolute dimensions

G91

Coordinate input with incremental dimensions

G00

Linear motion with rapid traverse

G01

Straight line interpolation with defined speed

G02

Circular interpolation clockwise

G03

Circular interpolation anti-clockwise

All the above departure commands are modal.

Interpolation parameter

Meaning

I

Circle centre coordinate in X, incremental from starting point

J

Circle centre coordinate in Y, incremental from starting point

K

Circle centre coordinate in Z, incremental from starting point

The interpolation parameters are operative block-by-block

Mixed programming for coordinate input IC(…) AC(…)

Incremental dimension input Absolute dimension input

The statements IC(…) and AC(…) are valid only for the address preceeding them. Example: Instruction

Meaning

X=IC(10) Y=AC(20)

Traverse by 10 mm in X Traverse to 20 mm in Y

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 13

B553

B553

Page 14

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

B554

1

Basic mathematical principles

Brief description

Objective of the module: Working through this module you learn the mathematical approach necessary for the programming and for the calculation of missing contour points. Description of the module: In this module contour points will be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem and trigonometrical functions (sine, cosine and tangent). Content: Types of angles The Pythagorean theorem Trigonometrical functions Example calculations

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate 828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 1

This document was produced for training purposes. Siemens assumes no responsibility for its contents.

B554

B554

B554

Page 2

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

B554 Basic mathematical principles: Description

Basic mathematical principles: START

In this module contour points will be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem and trigonometrical functions (sine, cosine and tangent).

Types of angles

The Pythagorean theorem

Trigonometrical functions

Example calculations

Basic mathematical principles: END

Notes

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 3

B554

Section 2 Notes

Types of angles 2.1 Basic principles of coordinate evaluation Almost all of the contours encountered during machining can be traced back to a interface of straight lines and circular arcs. For part programming the respective endpoint of the contour element must be known. In most cases these contour points can be taken directly from the drawing provided dimensioning is NC-suitable. In some cases, however, the an evaluation of coordinates may be necessary. For these calculations a basic knowledge of the types of angles, trigonometrically functions and the Pythagorean theorem is required. 2.2 Types of angles In the case of oblique work piece contours angles with a definite relationship to one another result between the contour sections. Depending on their relative position a differentiation is made between complementary angles, step angles and side angles. Complementary angles add up to 180°



Step angles have always the same value



If a transition is at right angles to the radius centre point it is always a tangential transition, and there is no corner shown on the technical drawing. If a corner line is shown, it is not a tangential transition.

B554

Page 4

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 3

The Pythagorean theorem The right angled triangle has a special meaning in geometry, since the sides of such a triangle exhibit a definite relationship to one another.

Notes

The various sides of the right angled triangle are named specifically:  The longest line opposite the right angle is called the hypotenuse.  The two other lines, which form the right angle, are called cathetus.  The side opposite an angle is called the opposite side.  The bounding side of the angle is called the adjacent side.

In case of a right angled triangle the missing length of a side can be calculated if the length of the other two sides is known. For this the Pythagorean theorem is used.

Pythagorean theorem: In a right-angled triangle the square of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle), c, is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides, b and a - that is: a² + b² = c².

c²= a² + b²

5x5=25 c 16+9=25

a 3x3=9

b

4x4=16

By suitable rearrangement of the equations the respective sides can be calculated.

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

c =

a2  b2

b =

c 2  a2

a =

c 2  b2

Page 5

B554

Section 4 Notes

Trigonometrical functions The trigonometrical ratios describe the relationships between the angles and the sides in a right angled triangle. With the aid of these trigonometrical functions it is possible to calculate both angles and sides in a right angled triangle. For this one side and an angle or two sides must be known. The selection of the suitable trigonometrical function, i. e. the sine, cosine or tangent, depends on which sides and angles are known and which side or angle is to be found.

1. Adjacent side (AS) 2. Hypotenuse (H) 3. Opposite side (OS) α Angle

β

2

3

β Angle

α 1

By the use of the various trigonometrical functions all sides and angles can be calculated.

Sine function

sin α 

OS H

OS sin 

H

OS  sin α * H

Cosine function

cos 

AS H

H 

AS cos 

AS  cos * H

Tangent function

tan  

B554

OS AS

AS 

Page 6

OS tan 

OS  tan * AS

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 5

Example calculations

Notes

5.1 Task

P1

M1

X

25

35

Z

-20

-20

P2

P3

P4

M2

40

30

 Evaluate the missing coordinates of the points “P1” to “P4”, as well as “M1” and “M2”  Enter the coordinate values in the table.  The values for the spaces shown with a dark background are dimensions that can be taken directly from the drawing. Note: All X values are diameter values See the next page for the solution of this example. 828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 7

B554

Section 5 Notes

Example calculations 5.2 Solution for the example calculation

P1

M1

P2

P3

P4

M2

X

25

35

27,929

37,071

40

30

Z

-20

-20

-23,536

-28,107

-31,642

-31,642

For the solution method see the following page

B554

Page 8

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 5

Example calculations

Notes

5.3 Solution method

Since the two sides are equal, all values can be found using the Pythagorean theorem.

xp2  5  5² / 2  3,5355 zp2  xp2  3,5355

zp4  zp2 * (1)   3,5355 xp3  zp4  3,5355

P2x  25  (2 * (5  xp2))  25  (2 * (5  3,5355))  27,929 P2z  P1z  zp2  20  zp2  20  5² / 2  20  3,5355   23,5355

P3x  40  2 * (5  3,5355)  37,071 a  (P3x  p2x) / 2  (37,071  27,929) / 2  4,571

zp3  a  4,571 P3z  P1z  zp 2  zp3  20  3,535  4,571   28,1065

P4z  P3z  zp2  28,1065  3,5355   31,642 828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 9

B554

B554

Page 10

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

B555

1

Zero points, work offset and reference point

Brief description

Objective of the module: In this module you learn to use the various zero points within the working space of a milling machine.

Description of the module: This module describes the call-up of individual work piece zero points on the work piece with reference to various starting conditions. Content: Position of the machine zero point Zero point offset G54 Further zero point offsets Further zero point offsets Summary

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate 828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 1

This document was produced for training purposes. Siemens assumes no responsibility for its contents.

B555

B555

B555

Page 2

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

B555 Zero offsets and reference points: Description

Zero offsets and reference points: START

This module describes the call-up of individual work piece zero points on the work piece with reference to various starting conditions.

Position of the machine zero point

Zero point offset G54

Further zero point offsets

Further zero point offsets

Summary

Zero offsets and reference points: END

Notes

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 3

B555

Section 2 Notes

Position of the machine zero point All axis motions on a CNC-machine tool refer to the right-hand Cartesian coordinate system. Note: See also Module B552 - “Geometry basics”. The entire path measuring system is initialized by approaching the reference point with all axes. At the same time the control unit activates the coordinate system at the machine zero point.

M Machine zero point

This fixed coordinate point (origin) is determined by the manufacturer and cannot be altered by the operator. It serves as a reference point for the machine coordinate system (MCS) of the machine tool.

Z X

M

B555

Page 4

Y

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 3

Zero point offset G54 For machining the workpiece the workpiece coordinate system (WCS) is available on the machine.

Notes

This can be freely chosen by the operator depending on the manufacturing conditions or according to the usual workshop practice. By this you define a zero point on the workpiece which is offset from the machine zero point by a defined distance, obtaining a work piece zero point that is directly referred to the workpiece to be machined. W Workpiece zero point

Zero point offset:

Code G54 (modally operative)

With this command the workpiece zero point can be defined on the machine. The following image shows how the position of the workpiece zero has been shifted with G54 by the operator to the marked corner point, alternatively any other corner can be defined as workpiece zero

The determined zero point on the machine can be set in JOG mode and can be activated in the program with the same comand (G54). By this the coordinate origin for the program and the machine zero point coordinate are now identical. Programming example:

Explanation:

N10 G17 G54 ...

Plane selection, call-up of the zero point offset G54 Approach tool changing point Call-up tool T1

N20 G00 X200 Z300 N30 T1; Surface cutter ...

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 5

B555

Section 4 Notes

Further zero point offsets Nevertheless, for the efficient production of parts the availability of several workpiece zero points often makes sense. The control unit manufacturer provides for up to 99 selectable zero point offsets. Note: Depending on the machine parameters this number can be set differently. Please refer to the machine manual regarding the exact number of available zero points.

Further zero point offsets: Codes G55, G56 and G57 Codes G505 to G599 (all stated codes are modally operative)

The application example shows a requirement for a second workpiece zero offset. In the picture below the work piece zero point has been transferred with G55 exactly to the setting plane of the chuck jaws. In the program this must be activated by means of the code G55. G55 G54

The use of several zero point offsets can substantially reduce the setup times particularly in cases of one-off or small series machining. For example: You could define just once a specific setting point for each one of your clamping fixtures or else a specific work piece zero point for various work pieces. In the program the respective zero point offset depending on the clamping fixture or the work piece can then be selected. If an identical work piece is to be machined at a later time, the respective zero point is immediately available under the same code.

Important: Zero point offset instructions or commands are MODAL COMMANDS .i.e. once executed they remain active until they are newly defined with the same command or a different set of commands is activated.

B555

Page 6

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 5

Tool changing point Milling machines usually have a fixed tool change position (TCP). This point is typically chosen in a way, that tools can be changed in a collision-proof area in the work space of the machine.

Notes

For this the tool carrier is generally retracted well back into the positive range of the work space. Note: Take into account the real traverse ranges of your machine; the values used in the example are only exemplary!

Programming example 1:

Explanation:

N10 G17 G54 ... N20 G00 X300 Z150 N30 T1; Milling cutter ...

Approach of the tool changing point Indexing the turret to position T1

On this basis the tool carrier will traverse to various positions depending on the active tool length (Z) and the position of the work piece zero point. Note: It is always the tool tip that is being positioned.

Pos. Z

Pos. X

Pos. Y

On the next page a suggestion for the programming of an independent tool changing point can be found.

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 7

B555

Section 5 Notes

Tool changing point In order to approach a tool changing point that is independent of the length of the tool and the presently active zero point offset, the following conditions must be programmed: Switching OFF of all the active offsets or manipulations of the coordinate system

Code SUPA (operative block-byblock)

Deactivation of the tool lengths in X and Z

Code D0 (modally operative)

Programming example 2:

Explanation:

N10 G17 G54... N20 G00 X400 Z500 SUPA D0 Approach of tool changing point in the MCS, without tool data, N30 T1; milling cutter Indexing the turret to position T1, N40 D1 Call-up of the tool data for T1 …

Pos. X Pos. Z

Pos. Y Since with the use of the SUPA command any manipulations of the coordinate system have been deactivated for the programmed block only, they do not need to be reactivated. Keep in mind, to call up the required cutting edge again, after each tool change. Note: The extent of programming for the approach of the tool changing point can be reduced if for this purpose a subprogram is written (see page 8 in this module).

B555

Page 8

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 6

Summary Suggestion of a subprogram for tool changing:

Notes

Subprogram name: SUBR100.SPF N10 G17 G00 X300 Z500 SUPA G40 D0;

Approach of tool changing point, zero point offsets OFF, all tool corrections OFF

N20 RET;

Return to the main program, without interruption of the feed motion.

Explanation of the symbols

M Machine zero point

W Workpiece zero point

MCS

Machine coordinate system

WCS

Workpiece coordinate system

Instruction

Meaning

G54 to G57

Call-up of a selectable zero point offset *

G505 to G599

Call-up of further zero point offsets * (conditionally available)

D0

Deactivation of the tool offsets *

D1 - D9

Reactivation of the tool offsets after the tool change *

SUPA

Switching-OFF of programmable, selectable and external offsets **

RET

End of subprogram, return jump * **

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Modally operative instruction Instruction operative block-by-block

Page 9

B555

B555

Page 10

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

B556

1

Program structure

Brief description

Aim of the module: In this module you learn how to structure a part program clearly and functionally.

Description of the module: This module describes the programming structure of NC-programs. Content: Basic principles of programming Program structure of a part program Program structure of a machining sequence Settings at the start of a program

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate 828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 1

This document was produced for training purposes. Siemens assumes no responsibility for its contents.

B556

B556

B556

Page 2

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

B556 Program structure: Description This module describes the programming structure of NC-programs.

Program structure: START

Basic principles of programming

Program structure of a part program

Program structure of a machining sequence

Settings at the start of a program

Program structure: END

Notes

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 3

B556

Section 2

Basic principles of programming

Notes Certain principles should be followed during the creation of part programs:  The program must ensure that an unlimited number of work pieces can be produced with the quality (tolerances, surface quality, form and position deviation, etc.) required on the drawing with a minimum of production time and the least possible material wastage.  It is always the motion of the tool along the drawn ideal contour of the work piece.  If tolerances are shown, the programming is always referred to the middle of the tolerance. Example:  20 + 0,1 - programmed value = 20,05. Precise dimension corrections can be carried out on the machine by means of the wear correction feature for the tool.  The program should exhibit a clear and concise structure and should contain comments wherever possible to ensure that other users can understand the layout easily at later stages.

B556

Page 4

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 3

Program structure of a part program The following flow chart represents a possible suggestion for a suitable structure of the main program.

Notes

Program header

Tool call-up 1

Technology block

Approaching the safety level with the tool

Machining sequence 1

Retraction of the tool

no

yes Workpiece finished

Tool call-up 2

End of program

Technology block

Approaching the safety level with the tool

Machining sequence 2

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 5

B556

Section 4 Notes

Program structure of a part program The programming of the machining sequence can be achieved by means of description of the individual steps using departure commands (e.g. G00, G01, G02, etc.) or by means of machining cycles. The following representation refers to the flow chart in section 2 of this manual and describes a possible machining sequence. Programming with G-Codes

Activation of radius correction

Programming using cycles

Input of the individual parameters using the input mask and graphical support

Interpolation to the first destination point

Interpolation to the next destination point

Interpolation to the last destination point

Deactivation of the radius correction

The following criteria should be kept in mind when selecting between the two described possibilities:  Availability of the cycles on the respective machine.  Machining time required with cycles or with G-codes.  The relation of the number of work pieces to the required programming extent.

B556

Page 6

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 5

Settings at the start of a program For the user it may be advantageous to switch on certain settings, that are to be activated in the part program, already in the program heading.

Notes

If necessary, these modally operative commands can always be reset by other commands at any stage during the program. Suggestion of a program heading for a “milling” application: Programming example:

Explanation:

N10 G17 G54 G64 G71 G90 G94

X/Y-plane, 1st ZP-offset, continuous control, metrical system, absolute dimensions, linear feed rate F in mm/min,

N20…. …. Suggestion of a program heading for a “turning” application: Programming example:

Explanation:

N10 G18 G54 G64 G71 G90 G96

Z/X-plane, 1st ZP-offset, continuous control, metrical system, absolute dimensions, constant cutting speed S in m/ min

N20 DIAMON LIMS=3000

Diameter input*, speed limitation nmax= 3000 min-1

N30…. ….

Note: As the tool progresses towards the centre during facing, the spindle speed evaluated internally in the control unit increases steadily until eventually the maximum possible spindle speed would be attained. Depending on the clamping conditions and the size of the work piece a speed limitation should always be selected for reasons of safety.

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 7

B556

B556

Page 8

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

B557

1

Cutting edge radius correction

Brief description

Objective of the module: In this module you learn to write a simple milling program, taking into account the radius correction.

Description of the module: This module describes the commands for radius correction, the rounding and the chamfering of edges. These commands can be used for writing a simple CNC-program. A explanations of the commands is provided.

Content: Cutter radius compensation Rounding and chamfering of edges Mixed incremental and absolute programming Summary Solutions of the tasks

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate 828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 1

This document was produced for training purposes. Siemens assumes no responsibility for its contents.

B557

B557

B557

Page 2

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

B557 Cutting edge radius correction: Description This module describes the commands for radius correction, the rounding and the chamfering of edges. These commands can be used for writing a simple CNC-program. A explanations of the commands is provided.

Cutting edge radius correction: START

Cutter radius compensation

Rounding and chamfering of edges

Mixed incremental and absolute programming

Summary

Solutions of the tasks

Cutting edge radius correction: END

Notes

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 3

B551

Section 2 Notes

Cutter radius compensation The path programmed with G01, G02 and G03 represents the path taken by the centre of the milling cutter. In this case the radius of the milling cutter must be taken into account. Exercise 1 Open the program editor by pressing the following keys successively:

Write the following program header into the editor. Explain the blocks in the table. While doing this make yourself familiar with the editor. Mark the zero point on the drawing N10 G54 G64 G17 SOFT N20 T1

Select tool Nr. 1 (PF60 with tool tips)

N30 M6 N40 S1000 F200.M3 M8 D1 N50 G00 X115 Y65 Approach of starting point and safety level (P1) Z2 N60 G01 Z0 N70 X-35 N80 G00 Z2 N90 X115 Y15 N100 G01 Z0 N110 X-35 N120 G00 Z150 N130 X150 Y150 M9

Solution see page 13

N70

N50

N110

N90

Motion at feed rate Motion with rapid traverse

B557

Page 4

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 2

Cutter radius compensation The instructions G41 or G42 are necessary for the programming of contours. With this the contour shown on the drawing can be described directly. The radius value for the milling cutter entered in the tool management is taken into account. The equidistant path for the cutter centre evaluated by the control unit is such that the required contour results on the cutter circumference.

Notes

To enable the control unit to evaluate the correct equidistant path it must know whether the milling cutter is on the right or the left of the contour. This is determined by relative to the machining direction. Dimensional deviations can then be compensated for by changing the cutter radius.

Before activating the radius compensation a starting point should be chosen that is sufficiently far from the contour. If possible this distance should be greater than the cutter radius. The starting and end point must be chosen such that no damage to the contour occurs.

S=starting point E=end point Px=programmed contour points Equidistant path with feed direction

Solution 1: Approach and exit of the contour

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Solution 2: Approach and exit from/into open area. The points „P0“ and „P9“ do not lie on the contour

Page 5

B557

Section 2

Cutter radius compensation

Notes

The work piece shown on the left is to be machined in the course of this module. First the edge of the contour is to be roughed out. For this the instruction G00, G01, G02, G41 and G40 will be used.

Supplement the program commenced on page 2 in the editor, by the following blocks. Specify the contour in the missing blocks.

N140 T=„SF14“ ;Endmill 14 mm HSS N150 M6 N160 F280 S1400 M3 M8 D1 N170 G00 X-10 Y3 Z2 S N180 G01 Z-5 N190 G... N200 1 N210 2 N220 3 N230 4 N240 5 N250 6 N260 7 N270 8 N280 9 N290 10 N300 11 N310 12 N320 13 N330 14 N340 G... N350 G01 X-10 Y12 E N360 G00 Z150 N370 X150 Y150 M8

Solution see page 14 B557

Page 6

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 2

Cutter radius compensation The activation of the cutting edge radius correction can be supported by means of the commands G247/G248 and G347/G348. By their use the contour can be approached along a circular arc. This is called a “soft approach” that prevents any contour damage at the point of contact.

Notes

The function “soft approach and exit” is a tangential approach at the point of contact independently of the starting point. The function is used predominantly in conjunction with the tool radius correction, however, this is not compulsory. G247/G248 (Tangential approach/departure move with a quarter circle)

N40 G00 X=P0 Y=P0 N50 G41 G247 DISR=2 X=P1 Y=P1

N60 G01 X=P2 … N110 G01 X=Pn-1 Y=Pn-1 N120 G40 G248 DISR=2 X=Pn Y=Pn

Positioning for activation of the radius compensation Radius compensation activation. Approach with a quarter circle with radius 2 to position P1. The values for DISCL, FAD F have not been programmed. Machining the contour. Approach of the last contour point Radius compensation deactivation by leaving with a quarter circle of radius 2 to position P0/Pn

G347/G348 (Tangential approach/ departure move with a semi circle)

N40 G00 X=P0 Y=P0 N50 G41 G347 DISR=2 X=P1 Y=P1

N60 G01 X=P2 … N110 G01 X=Pn-1 Y=Pn-1 N120 G40 G348 DISR=2 X=Pn Y=Pn

Positioning for activation of the radius compensation Radius compensation activation. Approach with a half circle with radius 2 to position P1. The values for DISCL, FAD F have not been programmed. Machining the contour.. Approach of the last contour point Radius compensation deactivation by leaving with a quarter circle of radius 2 to position P0/Pn

DISR (Approach/departure radius) progr. contour

is the radius of the tool centre path. If the tool radius correction is activated, an arc is generated with a radius such that also in this case the tool centre path results with the programmed radius.

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 7

B557

Section 2 Notes

Cutter radius compensation Possible approach movements: G140

Approach and departure direction depending on the current correction side (basic position value)

G141

Approach from the left and departure to the left

G142

Approach from the right and departure to the right

G143

Approach and departure direction depends on the position of the starting and end point relative to the tangential direction

G147

Approach with a straight motion

P1 P3 at approaching/leaving with straight line (G147)

tool

G148

Departure with a straight motion

tool centre path P4

G247

Approach with a quarter circle

G248

Departure with a quarter circle

contour

DISR P0 P3 at approaching/leaving with quarter circle (G247) DISR

tool centre path tool P4

G347

Approach with a half circle

G348

Departure with a half circle

contour

P0 P3 at approaching/leaving with half circle (G347)

G340

Approach and leaving in space

DISR

tool centre path tool

G341

Approach and departure in a plane

Associated parameter values:

P4

contour

Approaching and leaving shown with interpoint „P4“ (with concurrent activation of the tool radius compensation

DISR

Approach and departure with straights (G147/G148). Distance of the cutter edge from the starting point on the contour. Approach and departure with arcs (G247, G347/G248, G348) Radius of the cutter centre path. Caution: In case of “REPOS” with a semi circle “DISR” states the circle diameter.

DISCL

DISCL=... Distance of the end point of the rapid approach motion from the machining plane. DISCL=AC (...) Statement of the absolute position of the end point of the rapid approach motion.

FAD

Speed of the slow feed motion. FAD=... the programmed value works according to the G-Code of group 15 (feed; G93, G94, etc.). FAD=PM (...) the programmed value is interpreted as a linear feed (like G 94) independent of the active G-Code of the group 15.

The soft approach and departure is very well explained in the module B558 “Program of subroutines”.

B557

Page 8

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 3

Rounding and chamfering of edges For the machining of the finished contour the instructions RND, CHR, CHF are to be used for the radii and the chamfers.

Notes

RND: At the programmed intersection between two straights a radius is added. The size of this is defined by RND=7.

CHF: At the programmed intersection between two straights a chamfer is added. The length of the chamfer is defined by CHF=9.

CHR: At the programmed intersection between two straights a chamfer is added. CHR=5 defines the length of the legs of this chamfer.

All not dimensioned radii and chamfers are 2 mm.

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 9

B557

Section 3 Notes

Rounding and chamfering of edges Describe the contour using the instructions referred to so far. A milling cutter with a diameter of 8mm is to be used (Name SF8). Start describing the contour at the point X13; Y5.

All not dimensioned radii and chamfers are 2 mm.

N380 N390 N400 N410 N420 N430 N440 N450 N460 N470

T=„SF8“ ;End mill 8 mm HSS M6 F280 S1400 M3 M8 D1 G00 X6 Y-7 G01 Z-5 G... G01 X13 y3 Y… G03 X… Y… I … J... G… Y… ...

N480 X… ... N490 Y... N500 G ... X… Y… I… J… N510 G… X… Y… ... N520 X… Y… ... N530 X… Y… ... N540 X… Y… … N550 Y… N560 G… X… Y… I… J… N570 G… X10 N580 G… N590 X… Y… N600 G … Z… M... N610 X150 Y150

Activation of the radius compensation Traverse close to the contour 1st contour point Milling the radius 8 mm Approach of top left contour point and rounding with 2 mm to the subsequent element Milling the contour corner at the chamfer 4 mm Approach of the stating point for the radius 20 mm Milling the radius 20 mm Approach of the starting point of the pocket and chamfer Approach of the top pocket corner and rounding 4 mm Approach of the bottom pocket corner and rounding 4 mm Approach end point of the pocket and chamfer Approach of starting point with radius7 mm Milling the radius 7 mm Leaving the contour Deactivation of the radius compensation Retraction of the cutter Retraction to the tool changing point, coolant OFF Traverse to the tool changing point

Solution see page 14

B557

Page 10

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 4

Mixed incremental and absolute programming

Notes

Angle ANG= If for a straight only one end point coordinate of the plane is known, or in the case of contours the final end point via several blocks, an angular statement can be used to completely define the straight path section. The angle is always referred to the abscissa of the current plane G17 to G19; e.g.: in case of G17 to the X-axis. Positive angles are taken to be anticlockwise.

20 Ordinate

15

23 G01 X15 G01 X20 ANG=-36 G01 X23 ANG=-72

Abscissa

Mixed programming: Absolute and incremental dimensions (G90/G91) you know already for the programming of contours. These two types can be programmed together in one block. For this the instructions “IC” (incremental) and “AC” (absolute) can be used. In this way “IC” can be used to program incremental dimensions within G90. The instruction G90 is modal. X=IC(10)

The cutter moves along the X-axis incrementally by 10 mm in the positive direction. Y=AC(12) The cutter will be positioned absolute along the Y-axis to the Coordinate of Y12 .

20 12

4 G91 G01 X=AC(12) Y=AC(25) G01 X4 Y=AC(22) G01 X=AC(20) Y-3

3

22 25

G90 G01 X12 Y25 G01 X=IC(4) Y22 G01 X20 Y=IC(-3)

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 11

B557

Section 4 Notes

Mixed incremental and absolute programming Describe the contour using the instructions referred to so far. A milling cutter with a diameter of 8 mm is to be used (Name SF8).

All radii R4

N620 G00 X17.5 Y60.5 Z2 N630 G... Z… M... N640 G... N650 N660 N670 N680 N690 N700 N710 N720 N730 N740 N750 N760 N770 N780 N790 N800 N810 N820

G01 X12 Y60.5 G01 Y... RND=... G01 X=IC(...) G01 X.. ANG=… G01 X... RND=... G01 X=...(10) RND=... G... G01 Y... RND=... G01 X=AC(...) CHR=... G01 Y=...(...) RND=... G01 X... RND=... G... G01 X... Y... G... G01 X17.5 Y60.5 G00 Z150 M9 G00 X... Y... M...

Positioning above the centre of left upper pocket Plunging into the pocket and coolant ON Activation of cutter radius compensation (climb milling) Approach of contour 1st corner point with rounding to the next element Approach of starting point for 55° chamfer Oblique 55° 2nd corner point with rounding to the next element 3rd corner point with rounding to the next element Switching to incremental dimensions 4th corner point with rounding to the next element 5th corner point with chamfering to the next element 6th corner point with rounding to the next element 7th corner point with rounding to the next element Switching to absolute dimensions Closing of contour Deactivation of cutter radius compensation Retraction of the cutter Leaving the contour and coolant OFF Traverse to tool changing position End of program

Solution see page 16

B557

Page 12

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 5

Summary

Notes

Path information/path commands Instruction

Meaning

G40 G41 G42

Cutter radius compensation deactivated * ** Cutter radius compensation to left of contour Cutter radius compensation to right of contour

CHR

Chamfering the contour corner by statement of leg length Chamfering the contour corner by statement of the length of chamfer Rounding the contour corner (radius statement) Straight with an angle

CHF RND ANG X=IC(…) Y=AC(…)

Statement of the coordinates with incremental dimensions Statement of the coordinates with absolute dimensions * **

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Power-ON status of milling machines Power-ON status of turning machines

Page 13

B557

Section 6

Solution of the tasks

Notes 6.1 Cutter radius compensation The path programmed with G01,G02 and G03 represents the path of the cutter centre. In this case the cutter radius must be taken into account by yourself. Exercise 1 Open the editor by pressing the following keys successively:

Write the following program header into the editor. Explain the blocks in the table. While doing this make yourself familiar with the editor. Mark the zero point on the drawing. N10 G54 G64 G17 SOFT

Zero point offset, continuous control ON, plane selection XY, soft control

N20 T1

Select tool Nr. 1 (PF60 with tool tips)

N30 M6

Load the selected tool

N40 S1000 F200 M3 M8 D1

Speed (rpm), feed (mm/min), rotation clockwise, coolant ON, activation of first cutting edge

N50 G00 X115 Y65 Z2

Approach of starting point and safety level (P1)

N60 G01 Z0

Infeed to command dimension

N70 X-35

Milling (P2)

N80 G00 Z2

Lift-off to safety level

N90 X115 Y15

Approach of starting point for 2nd pass (P3)

N100 G01 Z0

Infeed to command dimension

N110 X-35

Milling (P4)

N120 G00 Z150

Lift-off to tool changing level

N130 X150 Y150 M9 Approach tool changing position, coolant OFF

N70

N50

N110

N90

Motion at feed rate Motion with rapid traverse

B557

Page 14

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 6

Solution of the tasks The work piece shown on the left is to be machined in the course of this module.

Notes

First of all the edge of the contour is to be roughed out. For this the instruction G00, G01, G02, G41 and G40 will be used.

In the editor supplement the program commenced on page 2 by the following blocks. Specify the contour In the missing blocks.

N140 T=„SF14“ ;End mill 14 mm HSS N150 M6 N160 F280 S1400 M3 M8 D1 N170 G00 -10 Y3 Z2 N180 G01 Z-4 N190 G41 N200 G01 X4 Y10 N210 Y74 N220 G02 X6 Y76 I2 Y0 N230 G01 X68 N240 Y63.5 N250 X76 Y50 N260 Y42 N270 X64 N280 Y26 N290 X76 N300 Y12 N310 X68 Y4 N320 X12 N330 X0 Y16 N340 G40 N350 G01 X-10 Y12 N360 G00 Z150 N370 X150 Y150 M8

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

S

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 E

Page 15

B557

Section 6 Notes

Solution of the tasks 6.2 Rounding and chamfering of edges Describe the contour using the instructions referred to so far. A milling cutter with a diameter of 8 mm is to be used (Name SF8). Start describing the contour at the point X13; Y5.

All not dimensioned radii and chamfers are 2 mm.

N380 N390 N400 N410 N420 N430 N440 N450 N460 N470

T=„SF8“ ;End mill 8 mm HSS M6 F280 S1400 M3 M8 D1 G00 X6 Y-7 Z2 G01 Z-5 G41 G01 X13 Y3 Y5 G03 X5 Y13 I–8 J0 G01 Y75 RND=2

N480 X67 CHF=4 N490 Y65 N500 G03 X75 Y49 I20 J0 N510 G01 X75 Y43 CHR=1.5 N520 X61 Y43 RND=4 N530 X61 Y25 RND=4 N540 X75 Y25 CHR=1.5 N550 Y12 N560 G03 X68 Y5 I0 J-7 N570 G01 X10 N580 G40 N590 X6 Y-7 N600 G00 Z150 M9 N610 X150 Y150 N620 M30

B557

Page 16

Start point Infeed to depth Activation of radius compensation Approach the contour 1st contour point Milling of radius 8 Approach upper left contour point and rounding 2 mm to the next element Milling of corner of contour at chamfer 4 mm Approach starting point for the radius 20 mm Milling of radius 20 mm Approach of starting point of pocket and chamfering Approach upper corner of pocket and rounding 4 mm Approach lower corner of pocket and rounding 4 mm Approach end point of pocket and chamfering Approach starting point of radius 7mm Milling of radius 7 mm Leaving the contour Deactivation of radius compensation Retraction of cutter Retraction to tool changing level, coolant OFF Traverse to tool changing position

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 6

Solution of the tasks 6.3 Mixed incremental and absolute programming

Notes

Describe the contour using the instructions referred to so far. A milling cutter with a diameter of 8mm is to be used (Name SF8). Start describing the contour at the point X13; Y5.

All radii R4

N620 G00 X17.5 Y60.5 Z2 N630 G01 Z-3 M8 N640 G41 N650 N660 N670 N680 N690 N700 N710 N720 N730 N740 N750 N760 N770 N780 N790 N800 N810 N820

G01 X12 Y60.5 G01 Y52 RND=4 G01 X=IC(7.8) G01 X23.8 ang=-55 G01 Y41 RND=4 G01 X=IC(10) RND=4 G91 G01 Y18 RND=4 G01 X=AC(23) CHR=1.5 G01 Y=AC(69) RND=4 G01 X-11 RND=4 G90 G01 X12 Y60.5 G40 G01 X17.5 Y60.5 G00 Z150 M9 G00 X150 Y150 M30

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Positioning above the centre of left upper pocket Plunging into the pocket and coolant ON Activation of Cutter radius compensation (climb milling) Approach of the contour 1st corner point with rounding to the next element Approach of starting point for 55° chamfer Oblique 55° 2nd corner point with rounding to the next element 3rd corner point with rounding to the next element Switching to incremental dimensions 4th corner point with rounding to the next element 5th corner point with chamfering to the next element 6th corner point with rounding to the next element 7th corner point with rounding to the next element Switching to absolute dimensions Closing the contour Deactivation of Cutter radius compensation Retraction of the cutter Leaving the contour Traverse to tool changing position End of program

Page 17

B557

B557

Page 18

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

B558

1

Program of subroutines

Brief description

Objective of the module: In this module you will get to know the use of subroutines. You will learn to write subroutines for contours with soft contour approach and departure with cutter radius compensation and how to call them up in a simple milling program. Description of the module: This module explains the programming with subroutines. The soft approach and departure of the contour will be used for contour machining. Content: The use and necessity of sub-routines Call-up of subroutines Programming of subroutines Summary Solution for the programming of subroutines

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate 828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 1

This document was produced for training purposes. Siemens assumes no responsibility for its contents.

B558

B558

B558

Page 2

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

B558 Program of subroutines: Description

Program of subroutines: START

This module explains the programming with subroutines. The soft approach and departure of the contour will be used for contour machining.

The use and necessity of sub-routines

Call-up of subroutines

Programming of subroutines

Summary

Solution for the programming of subroutines

Program of subroutines: END

Notes

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 3

B558

Section 2 Notes

The use and necessity of subroutines If contours are programmed that are used repeatedly, it is possible to do this using subroutines. There is a differentiation between local subroutines, which belong to a work piece and global sub-routines, which are generally usable. Subroutines have the file extension *.SPF (Subprogram File).

2.1 Global subroutines These subroutines can be used for all kinds of workpiece programs; they must be written keeping in mind the danger of possible collisions. Both programs using incremental or absolute dimensions can be used. Example: The machine table is to be positioned at a certain location for tool changing after the machining has been completed. The coordinates can therefore be stated with absolute values. In order to avoid collisions, Z must be positioned first followed by X/Y.

2.2 Local subroutines Local subroutines are often used where contours are repeated on the same work piece. If, for instance, a pocket is to be milled several times on one workpiece, it can be programmed just once and then repeated several times. Since the absolute dimension vary, the pocket must be programmed from a defined starting point, which is then approached in the main program. From there the pocket is then described with incremental dimensions. Example: The contour of a pocket must be milled at 2 different locations. Fill in the following program header into the editor. Explain the sentences in the table. By the way make yourself familiar with the editor. Mark the zero point in the drawing.

B558

Page 4

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 3

Call-up of subroutines The choice of the type of dimensions depends largely on the usage of the subroutine. When programming the following principle must be kept in mind: When exit the subroutine, the status that existed before the call-up must be re-established.

Notes

The subroutine is called up by its name and the number of times it is to be used. The number of repeats is programmed with the address “P”. At the end there must follow the instruction “M17” (end of subroutine). After this the control jumps back to the calling-up place in the main program and continues with the next block. Main program

Subroutine (contour)

Explanation

N40

G90 G00 X20 Y20 Z2

Approach of the starting point

N50

Contour P1

Call-up of the subroutine Contour for 1 pass

N10 G91

Switching to incremental dimensions

N20 G01 Z-5

Plunging into the contour to Z–3

N30 X10

Motion by 10 mm along X-axis in +direction

N40 Y-10

Motion by 10 mm along Y-axis in -direction

N50 X-10

Motion by 10 mm along x-axis in -direction

N60 Y10

Motion by 10 mm along Y-axis in +direction

N70 G90

Re-establish status of main program

N80 M17

End of subroutine

N60

G01 Z2

Retraction to safety level

N70

G00 X50 Y20 Z2

Approach of next starting point

N80

Contour P2

Call-up of the local subroutine contour for 2 passes Milling of the pocket to –8

N90

Retraction to safety level

G01 Z2

Call-up of the global subroutine Workpiece change

N100 Workpiece change P1

N110 M30

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

G53 G00 z200

Zero point offset block-by-block OFF and retraction in Z-direction

G53 x200 y200

Zero point offset block-by-block OFF and retraction in X/Y direction

M17

End of subroutine End of main program

Page 5

B558

Section 4 Notes

Programming of subroutines Below, you are asked to program the pocket as a subroutine (Name:UP_MODUL31). The subroutine is to be called up from the main program (Name: MODUL31).

Task 1: The workpiece has already been programmed in the program “MODUL30.MPF”. This is now to be copied, renamed in “MODUL31.MPF” and then modified. Change to the “Program Manager”. Open the program directory and select the program MODUL30.MPF. By pressing the “PROGRAM MANAGER” button on the keyboard change to the “Program Manager” screen.

In the workpiece directory select the program MODUL30.MPF with the blue cursor keys.

Copy the file by pressing the VSK 5 “COPY”.

The program acknowledges the selection and copying in the status line.

With the now active VSK 6 “PASTE” insert the file into the directory-tree.

The “Paste” window opens. Rename the file in MODUL31.MPF and accept with the VSK 8 “OK”.

B558

Page 6

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 4

Programming of subroutines Task 2: Commence a new subroutine by the name of “UP_MODUL31.SPF” and programme the following program lines with the respective supplements. The program starts at the centre cross.

N10 G… N20 G… G… DISR=… X5 N30 N40 N50 N60 N70 N80 N90 N100 N110 N120 N130 G… G… DISR=… X-5 N140 G… N150 M…

Notes

Switching to incremental dimensions Activate cutter radius compensation for climb milling with soft approach in a quarter circle r = 0.5

Contour description using climb milling

Deactivate cutter radius compensation with soft departure the contour in a quarter circle r = 0.5 Switching to absolute dimension programming End of subroutine

For solution see page 10 Task 3: In the main program “MODUL31.MPF” delete all lines starting with block N620. Open program MODUL31.MPF and set the cursor on N620.

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Mark and delete the selected fields.

Page 7

B558

Section 4 Notes

Programming of subroutines Task 4: Alter the main program “MODUL31.MPF” such that the internal contours are machined using the subroutine. When positioning in the Z-axis care must be taken to consider the infeed amount (Z-4) per subroutine pass.

…. N610 X150 Y150 N620 G… X… Y… Z… M… With rapid traverse to the start-point of the upper left contour and coolant ON N630 …………….. P… Call-up of subroutine for one pass N640 G01 Z1 Retraction from the pocket at feed rate N650 G... X… Y… Z… With rapid traverse to the start-point of the upper right contour N660 …………….. P... Call-up of subroutine for two passes N670 G… Z… Retraction from the pocket at feed rate N680 G… Z… M... Departure in Z to the tool changing point and coolant OFF N690 G… X… Y… Departure in X and Y to the tool changing point N700 M… End of main program

For solution see page 11

B558

Page 8

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 5

Summary Path information/Approach and Departure commands Instruction

Meaning

UP_... P1

Subroutine call-up with number of repeats

M17

End of subroutine

G147

Approach with a straight

G148

Departure with a straight

G247

Approach with a quarter circle

G248

Departure with a quarter circle

G347

Approach with a semi-circle

G348

Departure with semi-circle

G340

Approach and departure in space

G341

Approach and departure in a plane

Parameter

Explanation

DISR

Radius of the tool centre path for approach and departure

DISCL

DISCL=... Distance of the end point for the rapid infeed motion

FAD

Speed of the slow infeed motion

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 9

Notes

B558

Section 6 Notes

Solution for the programming of subroutines Solution for Task 2:

N10 G91 N20 G41 G247 DISR=0.5 x5

Switching to incremental dimensions Activate cutter radius compensation for climb milling with soft approach in a quarter circle r=0.5

N30 G01 Y9 RND=4 N40 X-10.8 CHF=2.12 N50 Y10 RND=4 N60 X-11 RND=4 N70 Y-17 RND=4 Contour description using climb milling N80 x7.8 N90 Y-5.71 ANG=-55 N100 Y-5.287 RND=4 N110 X10 RND=4 N120 Y9 N130 G40 G248 DISR=0.5 X-5 Deactivate cutter radius compensation and soft departure of the contour in a quarter circle r = 0.5 N140 G90 Switching to absolute dimension programming N150 M17 End of subroutine

Solution for Task 3: Open the program MODUL31.MPF and set cursor on N620 by navigating with the blue cursor keys on the keyboard.

B558

Page 10

Press the VSK 4 “Mark” to select the desired lines. Move the cursor with the “cursor-down” key until all lines are marked. Then press the VSK 7 “Cut” to delete all marked entries.

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Solution for programming of subroutines

Notes

Solution for Task 4:

…. N610 X150 Y150 N620 G00 X28.8 Y50 Z1 M8 N630 UP_Modul31 P1 N640 G01 Z1 N650 G00 X53.6 Y50 Z3 N660 UP_MODUL31 P2 N670 G01 Z2 N680 G00 Z150 M9 N690 G00 X150 Y150 N700 M30

Section 6

With rapid traverse to the start-point of the upper left contour and coolant ON Call-up of subroutine for one pass Retraction from the pocket at feed rate With rapid traverse to the start-point of the upper right contour Call-up of subroutine for two passes Retraction from the pocket at feed rate Departure in Z to the tool changing point and coolant OFF Departure in X and Y to the tool changing point End of main program

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 11

B558

B558

Page 12

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

B559

1

Loops, jumps, repetitions

Brief description

Objective of the module: Working through this module you become familiar with the usage of loops, jumps and repetitions in a milling program. Description of the module: In the module you will learn about the commands for looping parts of the program, for jumping to certain blocks in the program and how to repeat certain sections of the program. Content: Label name, Parameter usage Jump instructions, Program section repetitions Example and tasks Summary Solution of the tasks

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate 828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 1

This document was produced for training purposes. Siemens assumes no responsibility for its contents.

B559

B559

B559

Page 2

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

B559 Loops, jumps, repetitions: Description

Loops, jumps, repetitions: START

In the module you will learn about the commands for looping parts of the program, for jumping to certain blocks in the program and how to repeat certain sections of the program.

Label name, Parameter usage

Jump instructions, Program section repetitions

Example and tasks

Summary

Solution of the tasks

Loops, jumps, repetitions: END

Notes

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 3

B559

Section 2 Notes

Label name, Parameter usage 2.1 Label name In order to repeat certain sections of a program or the jump to a certain section of the program, we make use of “LABELS” to mark the beginning/ end of certain sections of the program. In most cases a “LABEL” is used to mark the beginning, but when you want to perform repetitions of sections of a program, then you require both beginning and end “LABELS” (refer to section 3.2 in this module). The “LABEL” must consist of at least two or a maximum of 8 characters. The first two characters must always be letters or underlines. The “LABEL” must always be followed by a colon. Assigning the name BL123 to a label

N100... N110 BL123: N120 G00 X10..

2.2 Parameter usage In some cases the use of parameters is highly advisable. For instance, the cutting values for the tools to be used can be assigned to parameters in the program header, which can then be used for programming instead of the cutting values themselves. The parameters are programmed with the address letter “R” and a number “R1”. Values can be assigned to these in the section “Parameter” or also in the program itself. ;T1-WSF Dr60 R1=200 ; n for WSF Dr60 Program header R2=30 ; vf for WSF Dr60 ... N100 T1 ; WSF Dr60 N110 M6 N120 S=R1 F=R2 M3 M8 D1 Assignment of speed and feed by means of N130 ... R1 and R2 Parameters can be used within the program for calculation of individual values or for themselves. For reason of the advance calculation by the control unit it is possible that undesirable effects on the active parameters might occur. This can be prevented by using the instruction STOPRE. The next block will only be executed after the previous block has been finished. For this “STOPRE” must be written in a block by itself. N10 R1=0 ... N110 BL123: N120 G00 x10.. … N140 STOPRE N150 R1=R1+1 N160 EL123:STOPRE

B559

Page 4

The control unit waits until block N130 has been completed. Each time the block is run for machining R1 is increased by 1. 828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Jump instructions, Program section repetitions

Section 3 Notes

3.1 Jump instructions Jump instructions can also be used within a program. They permit the omission of certain sections of the program or to jump back for repetitions. The instruction GOTOF is used to jump forward, while the GOTOB is used to jump backward. For this a search is carried out for the included label name or the block number before the jump to this location is carried out. ;T1—WSF Dr60 R1=200 ; n for WSF Dr60 R2=30 ; vf for WSF Dr60 N10 GOTOF N100 N20 LB001: … N90 GOTOF N170 N100 T1 ; WSF Dr60 N110 m6 N120 S=R1 F=R2 M3 M8 D1 N130 … ... N160 GOTOB LB001 N170 T4

Jump to block N100

Jump to block N170

Jump back to label LB001

The jump instruction caused a change in the machining sequence.

3.2 Program section repetitions Program sections between two labels can be repeated any number of times as specified under the address P. For this the program jumps to the first stated label and executes all blocks of the program until the second label is reached. If the number of repetitions is greater than one, this procedure will be repeated as often as stated under address “P”.

1 2

;T1-WSF Dr60 R1=200 ; n for WSF Dr60 R2=30 ; vf for WSF Dr60 N10 T1 ; WSF Dr60 N20 M6 N30 S=R1 F=R2 M3 M8 D1 N40 G00 z2 N50 LB001: N50 G1 Z=IC(-10) … N90 LE001: ... N160 Repeat LB001 LE001 P2 N170 T4

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Jump back to Label LB001 and two repetitions between LB001and LE001

Page 5

B559

Section 4 Notes

Example and tasks 2 Holes are to be drilled into the milled work piece. These holes are to be programmed using jumps and parameters.

Task 1: Copy the program file “MODUL31.MPF” in “Program Manager”. Rename this program to “MODUL32.MPF”. For explanations see Module “B558 Subprogram techniques”. Task 2: Open the program “MODUL32.MPF” and supplement the program by the following lines for the drilling. …. N690 G00 X150 Y150 N700 R1=... R2=...

B559

N710 T=„NC-centre drill“ N720 M6 N730 R1=… R2=... N740 S1000 F=... M3 M8 D1 N750 Repeat ... ... P1 N760 T=„SPB8“ N770 … N775 … N780 ...=8+(8*1/3) ...=50 N790 S800 F=R2 M3 M8 D1 N800 R...=8+(8*1/3) N810 ... LB001 LE001 p1 N820 G00 Z150 N830 X150 Y150 N840 M30

Traverse to the tool changing point in x and y Set the parameter R1 (drilling and counter depth) and R2 (feed rate) to zero Request NC-centre drill Ø larger 12 mm (for simulation SF10) Load NC-centre drill Specify depth for centring and feed rate Specify technology data for centring Execute program between the Labels LB001 and LE001 once Request drill diameter 8 mm (for simulation SF8) Load drill Advance evaluation Stop Specify depth for centring and countering in R1 and feed rate in R2 Specify technology data for the drill Specify depth for drilling (1/3 drill point) Execute the program between the Labels once Retraction in Z-direction Retraction in X- and Y-direction End of program

N850 … N860 G... X... Y... Z... N870 GOTOF ... N880 LB002: N890 G... X... Y... Z... N900 Repeat N... N… N910 …

Give the label the name “LB001“ Traverse to 1st drilling position Jump to block N920 Give the label the name “LB002” Traverse to 2nd drilling position Execute blocks N920 to N940 Give the label the name “LE001”

N920 G01 Z=... F=... N930 G04 S2 N940 G01 Z... F=... N950 ... …

Drill at feed rate Dwell after reaching the drilling depth for smoothing With double the feed rate move to z2 Jump back to Label LB002

Page 6

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 5

Summary

Notes

Loops/ jumps/repetitions Instruction

Meaning

GOTOF

Forward jump to destination mark GOTOF LB001 or GOTOF N110

GOTOB

Backward jump to destination mark GOTOB LB002 or GOTOB N10 Note: When using “GOTOB” and “GOTOF” care must be taken against endless loops. They call up each other repeatedly. Hence the program cannot leave this range. The use of block numbers as destination mark is not advisable. If the block number changes, there will be no automatic correction.

REPEAT

Repeats the section between the labels for the programmed number of times. Repeat LB002 LE002 P2 Note: The use of block numbers as destination mark is not advisable. if the block number changes, there will be no automatic correction.

R...

Parameter 1-99 R1

STOPRE

The next block will not be decoded until the previous block has been completed.

….:

Label name LB001: Note: Label names must have at least 2 and a maximum of 8 characters. The first 2 of which must be either letters or underlines.

G04

Dwell G04 S2 Dwell for 2 revolutions G04 F2 Dwell for 2 seconds

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 7

B559

Section 6 Notes

Solution of the tasks Solution for task 2:

…. N690 G00 X150 Y150 N700 R1=0 R2=0

Traverse to the tool changing point in X and Y Set the parameter R1 (drilling and counter depth) and R2 (feed rate) to zero N710 T=„NC-centre drill“ Request NC-centre drill Ø larger 12 mm (for simulation SF10) N720 M6 Load NC-centre drill N730 R1=-5 R2=100 Specify depth for centring and feed rate N740 S1000 F=R2 M3 M8 D1 Specify technology data for centring N750 Repeat LB001 LE001 P1 Execute program between the Labels LB001 and LE001 once N760 T=„SPB8“ Request drill diameter 8 mm (for simulation SF8) N770 M6 Load drill N775 STOPRE Advance evaluation Stop N780 R1=8+(8*1/3) R2=50 Specify depth for centring and countering in R1 and feed rate in R2 N790 S800 F=R2 M3 M8 D1 Specify technology data for the drill N800 R1=8+(8*1/3) Specify depth for drilling (1/3 drill point) N810 Repeat LB001 LE001 P1 Execute the program between the labels once N820 G00 Z150 Retraction in Z-direction N830 X150 Y150 Retraction in X- and Y-direction N840 M30 End of program

B559

N850 LB001: N860 G00 X25 Y25 Z2 N870 GOTOF N920 N880 LB002: N890 G00 X50 Y25 Z2 N900 Repeat N920 N940 N910 LE001:

Label name “LB001” Traverse to 1st drilling position Jump to block N920 Label name “LB002” Traverse to 2nd drilling position Execute blocks N920 to N940 Label name LE001

N920 G01 Z=R1 F=R2 N930 G04 S2 N940 G01 Z2 F=R2*2 N950 GOTOB LB002

Drill at feed rate Dwell after reaching the drilling depth for smoothing With double the feed rate move to Z2 Jump back to Label LB002

Page 8

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

B560

1

Mirror, offset, rotate, scale

Brief description

Objective of the module: With help of this module you will get to know commands for mirroring, shifting, rotating and scaling of contours. Description of the module: This module explains the use of the commands for the machining of identical contour elements in various positions. Content: Shifting Rotating Mirroring Scaling Summary Solutions

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate 828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 1

This document was produced for training purposes. Siemens assumes no responsibility for its contents.

B560

B560

B560

Page 2

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

B560 Mirror, offset, rotate, scale: Description This module explains the use of the commands for the machining of identical contour elements in various positions.

Mirror, offset, rotate, scale: START

Shifting

Rotating

Mirroring

Scaling

Summary

Solutions

Mirror, offset, rotate, scale: END

Notes

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 3

B560

Section 2 Notes

Shifting General introduction The commands in this module are known as frames (calculation instructions). They can influence, cancel or condition each other. In our example a known contour, which is described in a subprogram, is to be milled in various positions and sizes. For this the zero point at the starting point of the contour of the subprogram must be rotated. In order to be able to rotate the program about the starting point of the sub-program, this point must be the zero point. Our work piece zero point (G54) lies in the middle of the work piece.

“TRANS”, “ATRANS” The zero point can be shifted in the programmed axes by means of these commands. The command “TRANS” clears all active frames. “ATRANS” (additive shift) works incremental from the active frames.

Workpiece 1

Workpiece 2

ATRANS x30

ATRANS x30 TRANS x60

Workpiece 3

Workpiece 4

ATRANS x30

0 For instance in case of multiple settings of work pieces the zero point can be shifted and the main program repeatedly executed .

B560

Page 4

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 2

Shifting In the following example the zero point is to be transformed to the starting point of the left hand contour.

Notes

Task 1: Create a new file with the name MODUL34.MPF!

Task 2: Programme the tool path for face milling the surface. Take into account that the zero point lies in the middle. The Face mill (FACE_MILL_D60) has a diameter of 60 mm, the work piece measures 80 x 80 mm.

N10 G54 G64 G17 SOFT N20 T=…. N30 M…. N40 S1000 F200 M3 M8 D1 N50 G00 X.... Y…. Z…. N60 G01 Z0 N70 X-80 N80 G00 Z2 N90 X80 Y-20 N100 G01 Z0 N110 X-80 N120 G00 Z150 N130 X150 Y150 M9

Task 3: Load a milling cutter “CUTTER_8”, shift the zero point to the starting point of the contour and position the tool at this location. N140 T=.... N150 ... N160 S2000 F100 M3 M8 D1 N170 …. X…. Y…. N180 G00 X... Y... Z...

Call up the tool Tool change Technology data for the tool Shift the zero point additively Position the tool

Solution see page 11 828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 5

B560

Section 3 Notes

Rotating “ROT”, “AROT” The coordinate system can be rotated by means of the command “ROT” or “AROT”. The counter-clockwise rotation is taken to be positive. The positive X-axis represents the zero-degree position. There are two ways of programming.

AROT Z=90

X+

+

Y+

Y+

+

Variant 1 Rotation about an axis AROT X.. Y.. Z..

X+

Y+

+

Variant 2 Rotation of the active plane AROT RPL...

X+

The zero point has been rotated by 90° about the Z-axis.

AROT RPL=90

+

Y+ X+ The active plane has been rotated by 90° about the Z-axis. The command “ROT” resets the coordinate system and all other active frames back to the original status.

Task 4: Rotate the coordinate system by the required amount about the now valid zero point. Now plunge into the work piece with the milling cutter at a feed rate of 3 mm. Thereafter start the subprogram. Deactivate all frames. N190… … N200 G… Z... N210……. N220 G00 Z2 N230….

Rotate the coordinate system Plunge into the contour Call up subprogram UP_MODUL31 Retract to 2 mm above the work piece Deactivate all frames

Solution see page 12 B560

Page 6

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 4

Mirroring

Notes

“MIRROR”, “AMIRROR” With the command “MIRROR” or “AMIRROR” the coordinate system can be mirrored about the programmed axis or axes. In such a case the programmed coordinates are mirrored about the axis or axes by their sign. Variant 1 Mirroring an axis Y+

Y+

AMIRROR X0 X+

X+

Variant 2 Mirroring several axes

X+ X+

Y+

Y+

MIRROR X0 Y0

The command “MIRROR” resets the coordinate system and all other active frames back to the original status.

Task 5: Mirror the work piece about the X-axis. Shift the zero point to the starting point of the contour and there rotate the coordinate system. Take into account the position of the positive X-axis. N240 ….. X… N250 A…. X... Y... N260 G00 X... Y... Z2 N270 … ...

Mirroring the X-axis Shifting to the starting point of the contour Position the tool Rotate coordinate system additively

Solution see page 12 828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 7

B560

Section 5

Scaling

Notes

“SCALE”, “ASCALE” In some cases the scaling of contour elements is quite sensible. The existing contours can be scaled up or down by a given factor. The factor is defined following the command Scale for each individual axis.

SCALE y2

ASCALE y2

SCALE x2

SCALE x2 y2

ASCALE x2

SCALE

When programming with “ASCALE” the calculations are always referred to the presently valid coordinate system. With the command “SCALE” the values of the active zero point offset are taken as a basis. All presently active transformations (frames) like offset, mirror, scale are cancelled. If no value follows the command “SCALE” all frames are cancelled. The same applies to the command “M30”.

The value programmed under “SCALE” represents a factor. If this is >1 an enlargement takes place, in case of values 0,15mm/rev: Centre drilling feedrate = 0,1 mm/rev

Selection (tapping)

B500

Selection of table value: 

M1 - M68 (ISO metric)



W3/4"; etc. (Whitworth BSW)



G3/4"; etc. (Whitworth BSP)



1" - 8 UNC; etc. (UNC)

Page 12

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Drilling

Section 4 Unit

Selection

Machining (Drilling)

Notes

Coordinate system  

Right-angled (Cartesian) Polar



Chip breaking



Chip clearing

Machining The following machining methods are avail(without comp. able: chuck)  One cut only: (Tapping) The tapping takes place in one pass without interruption.

Machining (with comp. chuck)



Chip breaking: The drill is retracted by an amount V2 for chip breaking.



Chip clearing: The drill is retracted from the work piece for chip clearing.

The following machining methods are available: 

With encoder: Tapping with spindle encoder



Without encoder: Tapping without spindle encoder selection with specification of the "pitch" parameter



Single location: Drilling at the programmed location



Location pattern: Location with MCALL

(Tapping)

Machining location

Drilling depth Referred to 

Shaft: Drilling until the drill-shaft has reached the programmed value X1. The angle in the tool list is taken into account.



Point: Drilling until the drill point has reached the programmed value X1.

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 13

B500

Section 4

Drilling

Notes

Unit C0 (Locations)

Polar coordinates of the 1st location, with the selection "polar" longitudinal (abs) angle (abs)

C1...C7 (Locations)

mm Degrees

Polar coordinates of further locations, with the selection "polar" longitudinal (abs) angle (abs)

Ø

Drilling continues until the diameter has been reached (only with centring)

Ø (internal thread milling)

Nominal diameter

D

Cutting edge number

D

maximum depth infeed (only with chip clearing or chip breaking)

mm

D (Boring)

Lift-off amount (inc) (only for lifting, SN)

mm

DF



Percentage for all further infeeds or

%



amount for every further infeed

mm

DIR

DT

DTB

DTS

B500

mm Degrees

mm

Direction of rotation 

counter-clockwise (CCW)



clockwise (CW)



Dwell at final drilling depth in seconds

s



Dwell at final drilling depth in revs

rev



Dwell at drilling depth in seconds

s



Dwell at drilling depth in revs

rev



Dwell at the start point for chip clearing in seconds (only for chip clearing)

s



Dwell at the starting point for chip clearing in revs (only for chip clearing)

rev

Page 14

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Drilling

Section 4 Unit

Through drilling

Notes

Remaining drilling depth at path feedrate  

Yes No

DX

Lift-off amount in X-direction (inc) (only for lifting, standard)

DY

Lift-off amount in Y-direction (inc) (only for lifting, standard)

DZ

Lift-off amount in Z-direction (inc) (only for lifting, standard)

Chip clearing Chip clearing before thread milling (Drill + thread milling)  Yes  No Retract to work piece surface for chip clearance before thread milling. F

Feedrate

mm/min mm/rev

F1

Path feedrate

mm/min mm/rev

FD1

Percentage feedrate for the first infeed

%

FR Drilling feedrate for remaining depth (Drill + thread milling)

mm/min mm/rev

FR

Feedrate for retraction

mm/min

FS

Finishing feedrate (only for down cut / up cut )

mm/min mm/tooth

Milling  direction  (Drill + thread  milling) Thread

Down-cut (climb milling) Up-cut (conventional milling) Down cut / up cut (climb/conventional milling)

Thread sense  

Right-hand-thread Left-hand-thread

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 15

B500

Section 4

Drilling

Notes

Unit L0

Distance of the first location from the reference point (only for location pattern straight line)

L0 (Locations)

Polar coordinates of the first location with selection "polar" longitudinal (abs) angle (abs)

mm

mm Degrees

L

Distance between the locations (only for location mm pattern straight line)

L1

Distance between the columns (only for location mm pattern grid or frame)

L1...L7 (Locations)

Polar coordinates of further locations, with selection "polar" longitudinal (abs) angle (abs)

mm Degrees

L2

Distance between the lines (only for location pattern grid or frame)

mm

LAB

Repeat of jump mark for location

Compensa-  ting chuck  mode

with compensating chuck without compensating chuck

N

Number of locations (only for location pattern straight line)

N1

Number of columns (only for location pattern grid or frame)

N2

Number of lines (only for location pattern grid or frame)

P

Thread pitch…    

in modulus: modulus = pitch/π in mm/rev in inch/rev in threads per inch

modulus mm/rev in/rev Threads/"

Positioning Positioning motions between the locations (Pitch circle)  Straight  Circle PL

B500

Machining plane G17 (XY)

Page 16

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Drilling

Section 4 Unit

R

Radius

mm

RP

Retraction plane (abs)

mm

Retraction

(only for machining with "Chip breaking") retraction amount  

manually automatically

SC

Safety distance (inc)

SDE

Direction of rotation after end of cycle

S/V

Spindle speed or constant cutting speed

rev/min m/min

SPOS

Spindle stop position

Degrees

SR

Spindle speed for retraction

rev/min

Pitch  (only for ma-  chining without encoder)

User entry of the input active feed, pitch is derived from the feed rate

T

Tool name

Table

Selection of the thread table:     

Notes

without ISO metric Whitworth BSW Whitworth BSP UNC

V1

Minimum infeed depth

mm

V2 (Tapping)

Retraction amount (only for retraction "manually")

mm

Amount, by which the tap is retracted for chip breaking. V2 = automatically: The tool retracts by one revolution. V2 (drilling)

Retraction amount after each machining operation (only for machining "chip breaking")

mm

V3

Pre-stopping distance (only for pre-stopping distance "manually")

mm

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 17

B500

Section 4

Drilling

Notes

Unit Pre-stopping (only for machining "chip clearing") distance  manually  automatically

B500

VR

Constant cutting speed for retraction

XD

Centre offset

X0

X-coordinate of the reference point X (abs)

mm

X1...X7 (Locations)

X-coordinate of further reference points (abs or inc)

mm

Y0

Y-coordinate of the Reference point Y (abs)

mm

Y1...Y7 (Locations)

Y-coordinate of further reference points (abs or inc)

mm

Z0

Reference point Z

mm

Z1 (Drilling)

Final drilling depth X (abs) or final drilling depth referred to Z0 (inc)

mm

Z1 (Thread)

End point of the thread (abs) or thread length (inc)

mm

Z1 (Drilling)

Final drilling depth X (abs) or final drilling depth referred to Z0 (inc)

mm

Z1 (Thread)

End point of the thread (abs) or thread length (inc)

mm

Z2

Retraction amount before thread milling

mm

ZR

Remaining depth for through drilling ("Yes" only for through-holes)

mm

Page 18

m/min

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Drilling

Section 4 Notes

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 19

B500

Section 5

Milling

Notes

Unit α0

Rotation angle

Degrees

α0 (circular slot)

Start angle

Degrees

α1 (circular slot)

Opening angle of the slot

Degrees

α1 (Engraving)

Text direction (only for linear alignment)

Degrees

α1 (contour)

Starting direction relative to X-axis

Degrees

α1 (circular slot)

Opening angle of the slot

Degrees

α2 (circular slot)

Advancing angle (only for pitch circle)

Degrees

α2 (contour)

angle to previous element

Degrees

αS (ThreadMilling)

Starting angle

Degrees

Retract mode Retract mode in plane (Path milling)  Quarter circle: Part of a spiral (only for path milling to the left and the right of contour)

Retract strategy (Path milling)

B500



Semi circle: Part of a spiral (only for path milling to the left and the right of the contour)



Straight: Oblique in space

 

Axis-by-axis spatial

Page 20

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Milling

Section 5 Unit

Lift mode (Centring)

Lifting mode before a renewed infeed

Notes

mm

If for the machining several plunging points are required, the retraction height can be programmed:

Lift mode (Path milling)



to RP (retraction plane)



Z0 + safety distance

If several depth infeeds are required, the retraction height to which the tool is retracted to between the individual infeeds, can be specified here. (at the transition at the end of the contour to the beginning).

mm

Lifting mode before a renewed infeed

Lift mode (Pre-drilling centring) (Pocket milling)



No retraction



to RP (retraction plane)



Z0 + safety distance



by safety distance

Lifting mode before renewed infeed

mm

If for the machining several plunging points are required, the retraction height can be programmed as following: 

to RP



Z0 + safety distance



X0 + safety distance

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 21

B500

Section 5

Milling

Notes

Unit Approach (Path milling)

Approach strategy (Path milling)

Approach mode in plane 

Quarter circle: Part of a spiral (only for path milling left and right of the contour)



Semi circle: Part of a spiral (only for path milling left and right of the contour)



Straight: Oblique in space



Vertical: Perpendicular to the path (only for path milling on the centre line path)



Axis-by-axis (only for approach "quarter circle or semi circle")



Spatial (only for approach "quarter circle, semi circle or straight")

Removing  (Rectangular pocket, only for roughing) 

Alignment (Engraving)

B500

mm

Complete machining: The rectangular pocket is milled out of the solid material. Re-machining: An already existing small rectangular pocket or a bore is enlarged in one or more axes. In this case the parameters AZ, W1, and L1 must be programmed.



Linear alignment



Curved alignment, arch at the top



Curved alignment, arch at the bottom

Page 22

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Milling

Section 5 Unit

Selection (Threadmilling)

Notes

Selection of table values: 

M3, M10, etc. (ISO metric)



W3/4"; etc. (Whitworth BSW)



G3/4"; etc. (Whitworth BSP)



1" - 8 UNC; etc. (UNC)

AZ

Depth of roughing (only for re-machining)

mm

β1

End-angle to X-axis

Degrees

β2

Opening angle of the circle

Degrees

Machining  (Planar-/ thread-milling) 

Roughing

Machining  (Rectangular/ round spigot)  (path milling) 

Roughing

Machining (Rectangular/ circ. pocket) (Longitudinal/ circ. slot) (multi edge spigot) (Rectangular/ circ. spigot)



Roughing



Finishing



Finishing edge



Chamfering

Finishing

Finishing Chamfering

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 23

B500

Section 5

Milling

Notes

Unit Machining plane

Machining type (Circular pocket)

Selection of the machining plane   

G17 (X/Y) G18 (Z/X) G19 (Y/Z)



Centric: Clearing a circular pocket plane-by-plane



Helical: Clearing a circular pocket helically

Machining  face (Planar milling) 

Machining  face (Rectangular/ circ. spigot)  Thread milling)

Machining face (Rectangular pocket) (Longitudinal/ circular slot) (Open slot) (Circ. spigot) (Engraving) (Path milling)

Machining direction (Thread milling)

B500

Front Y: Machining on a front face with Y-axis Mantle Y: Machining on a cylindrical surface with Y-axis Front C: Machining on a front face with C-axis Front Y: Machining on a front face with Y-axis



Mantle Y: Machining on a cylindrical surface with Y-axis



Front C: Machining on a front face with C-axis



Front Y: Machining on a front face with Y-axis



Mantle C Machining on a cylindrical surface with C-axis



Mantle Y Machining on a cylindrical surface with Y-axis



Z0 → Z1 Machining from top to bottom



Z1 → Z0 Machining from bottom to top Page 24

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Milling

Section 5 Unit

Machining direction (Path milling)

Notes

Machining in the programmed contour direction 

Forward: The machining takes place in the programmed contour direction



Backward: The machining takes place against the programmed contour direction

Machining location (Rectangular pocket) (Longitudinal slot)



Single location: Milling a rectangular pocket at the programmed location (X0, Y0, Z0) .



Location pattern: Location MCALL

Machining location (circular pocket)



Single location: Milling a circular pocket at the programmed location (X0, Y0, Z0).



Location pattern: Several circular pockets are milled on a location pattern (e.g. full circle, pitch circle, grid etc.).

Machining  location (Rectangular/ circular spigot) 

Single location: Milling a rectangular/circular spigot at a programmed location (X0, Y0, Z0). Location pattern: Location with MCALL.

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 25

B500

Section 5

Milling

Notes

Unit Machining location (multi-edge spigot)

Machining location (Open slot)

Single location: A multi-edge spigot is milled at the programmed location (X0, Y0, Z0).



Location pattern: Several multi-edge spigots are milled on the programmed location pattern (e.g. pitch circle, grid, straight line).



Single location: Milling a slot at the programmed location (X0, Y0, Z0).



Location pattern: Milling of several slots on a programmed location pattern (e.g. full circle or grid).

Reference point (Open slot)

Location of the reference point:

Reference point (Engraving)

Location of the reference point:

Reference point (Slot)

B500



  

Left edge Centre Right edge

  

Bottom left Bottom centre Bottom right

  

Top left Top centre Top right

  

Centre left Centre Centre right

Location of the reference point:     

Left edge Inside left Centre Inside right Right edge

Page 26

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Milling

Section 5 Unit

Reference point (Rectangular pocket)

The following various locations of the reference point can be selected:

CP

Positioning angle for machining range (only for front Y)

Degrees

C0

Positioning angle for machining face (only for mantle Y)

Degrees

Ø (Circular pocket)

Diameter of the pocket

mm

Ø (Circular spigot)

Diameter of the spigot

mm

Ø (Threadmilling)

Nominal diameter, Example: Nominal diameter of M12 = 12 mm

mm

Ø1 (Circularspigot, multi-edge spigot)

Diameter of the blank spigot

mm

Ø1 (Circular pocket)

Diameter of pre-machining (only for re-machining)

mm

D

Cutting edge number of the tool (1 - 9)

Direction of rotation (Threadmilling)

Direction of the thread rotation:

Rotation (Milling)

    

Notes

Centre Bottom left Bottom right Top left Top right



Right hand thread A right-hand thread is milled



Left hand thread A left-hand thread is milled

 

Rotation clockwise Rotation counter-clockwise

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 27

B500

Section 5

Milling

Notes

Unit DX1 (Engraving)

Character spacing or total width (only for linear alignment) for front face machining

mm

DX

Maximum depth infeed

mm

DXY

Maximum plane infeed

mm

Alternatively the plane infeed can also be stated as a percentage ratio of plane infeed (mm) to the milling cutter diameter (mm)

%

DY1 (Engraving)

Character spacing or total width (only for linear alignment) for mantle machining

mm

DYZ

Maximum plane infeed

mm

Alternatively the plane infeed can also be de- % fined as a percentage ratio of the plane infeed (mm) to the milling cutter diameter (mm) DZ

Maximum depth infeed (only for roughing)

Plunging (Rectangular pocket) (Longitudinal slot) (Pocket milling)



Vertical: Vertical plunging to the pocket centre



Helical: Plunging along a spiral path



Oscillating: Plunging with an oscillating motion along the central axis of the rectangular pocket.

Plunging (Circular pocket)



Vertical: Vertical plunging at the centre of pocket.



Helical: Plunging along a spiral path

EP Maximum pitch of the helix (Rectangular/ (only for helical plunging) circular pocket)

B500

Page 28

mm

mm/rev

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Milling

Section 5 Unit

ER Radius of the helix (Rectangular/ (only for helical plunging) circular pocket)

mm

EW (Rectangular pocket) (Longitudinal slot)

Maximum plunge angle (only for oscillatory plunging)

Degrees

F

Feed

mm/min mm/rev

FR (Path milling)

Retraction feed for intermediate positioning

Milling direction (Open slot)

Milling direction (other than plunge milling)  

Notes

Climb milling Conventional milling

FS Chamfer width for chamfering (Rectangular/ (only for chamfering) circular pocket) (Rectangular/ circular spigot) (Path milling)

mm

FX Infeed feed depth (Rectangular/ (only for vertical and pre-drilled plunging) circular for mantle C/Y pocket) (Longitudinal slot)

mm/min mm/tooth

FZ Infeed feed depth (Rectangular/ (only for vertical and pre-drilled plunging) circular for front C/Y machining pocket) (Longitudinal slot)

mm/min mm/tooth

Engraving text (Engraving)

Maximum 100 characters

H1 (Threadmilling)

Thread depth

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

mm

Page 29

B500

Section 5

Milling

Notes

Unit I

Circle centre point in X-direction (abs or inc)

mm

J

Circle centre point in Y-direction (abs or inc)

mm

Circular pattern (Circular slot)



Full circle: The circular slots are positioned on a full circle. The distance of one circular slot to the next circular slot is always the same and is determined by the control unit.



Pitch circle: The circular slots are positioned on a pitch circle. The distance of one circular slot to the next circular slot can be determined by means of angle α2.

L1 (Rectangular pocket)

Pre-machined pocket length (only for further machining)

mm

L1 (Rectangular spigot)

Blank material length of spigot (only for further machining)

mm

L1 (Path milling)

Approach length (only for approach "Straight")

mm

L2 (Path milling)

Exit length (only for exiting "Straight")

mm

L2 (Circle)

(abs) Distance between pole and circle centre mm point mm (inc) Distance between the last point and circle centre point

B500

L

Length of pocket, spigot, slot, straight

Position of the thread (Threadmilling)

Position of the thread: 

Internal thread: An internal thread is milled



External thread: An external thread is milled

Page 30

mm

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Milling

Section 5 Unit

N (multi-edge spigot)

Number of edges

N (Circular slot)

Number of slots

NT (Thread milling)

Number of teeth per cutter

P

Thread pitch…

(Thread milling)

   

in modulus: modulus = pitch/π in mm/rev in inch/rev in threads per inch

Notes

modulus mm/rev in/rev Threads/"

The thread pitch depends on the tool used PL

Machining plane   

Positioning (Circular slot)

G17 (XY) G18 (ZX) G19 (YZ)

Positioning between the slots: 

Straight: The next location is approached along a straight line at rapid traverse.



Circle: The next location is approached along a circular path at the programmed feedrate

R1 (multi-edge spigot)

Rounding radius

mm

R2 (Path milling)

Exit radius (only when exiting contour with "quarter circle or semi circle")

mm

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 31

B500

Section 5

Milling

Notes

Unit R (Rectangular pocket/spigot)

Corner radius

mm

R (circular slot)

Radius of the circular slot

mm

R (Milling)

Radius of the circle

mm

RP (Centring)

Retraction plane

mm

Radius correction



Left (machining to the left of the contour)

(Path milling)



Right (machining to the right of the contour)



OFF (machining tool centre path)

Direction



Same machining direction  to the right  to the top



Changing machining direction  meandering left/right  meandering up/down

S

Spindle speed

rev/min

Stop-Position Input of the spindle position in degrees Starting point  (Pocket  milling)

B500

Manually preset starting point Automatic starting point calculation

SW (multi-edge spigot)

Spanner size A/F

T

Input of the tool (Name or number)

Page 32

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Milling

Section 5 Unit

Table (Threadmilling)

Selection the thread table:     

without ISO Metric Whitworth BSW Whitworth BSP UNC

Techno-logy (Open slot)



Whirling: Circular motion of the cutter through the slot and back again



Plunge milling: Sequential boring motions along the tool axis.

Notes

TR Reference tool for rest material machining (Pocket Restmaterial) U (ThreadMilling)

Finishing allowance in Y and X

mm

UX (Longitudinal slot)

Finishing allowance depth

mm

UXY

Finishing allowance plane

mm

UYZ

Finishing allowance plane

mm

UZ

Finishing allowance depth

mm

V

Feed constant cutting speed

m/min

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 33

B500

Section 5

Milling

Notes

B500

Unit W (Rectangular pocket)

Width of the pocket

mm

W (Rectangular spigot)

Width of the spigot

mm

W (Longitudinal/ circular slot)

Width of the slot

mm

W (Engraving)

Character height

mm

W1 (Rectangular pocket)

Width of the pre-machining (only for further machining)

mm

W1 (Rectangular spigot)

Width of the raw material spigot (Important for mm the determination of the approach location)

X0 (Rectangular /circular pocket) (Rectangular spigot)

Reference point X (only for single location)

mm

X0 (Planar milling)

Reference point 1 X

mm

X1 (Planar milling)

Reference point 2 X (abs) or reference point 2X referred to X0 )inc)

mm

X1 (Rectangular/ circular spigot)

Spigot depth (abs) or depth referred to Z0 or X0 (inc)

mm

X1 (Longitudinal slot)

Slot depth (abs) or depth referred to Z0 or X0 (inc)

mm

XFS

Plunging depth of tool tip (abs or inc) (only for chamfering) Machining mantle C/Y

mm

XM (Engraving)

Centre point X (abs) or centre point polar length (only for curved alignment)

mm or Degrees

XS (Pocket milling)

Starting point X (only if starting point is preset manually)

Page 34

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Milling

Section 5 Unit

Y0 Reference point Y (Rectangular/ (only for a single location) circular pocket) (Rectangular spigot)

mm or Degrees

Y0 (Planar milling)

Reference point 1 in Y

mm

Y1 (Planar milling)

Reference point 2 in Y referred to Y0

mm

YM (Engraving)

Centre point Y (abs) or C (abs) (only for curved alignment) (only for machining mantle C/Y)

mm or Degrees

YS (Pocket Milling)

Starting point Y (only if starting point is preset manually)

Z0 Reference point Z (Rectangular/ (only for single location) circular pocket) (Rectangular spigot)

mm

Z0 (Planar milling)

Height of blank material

mm

Z1 (Planar milling)

Height of the finished item referred to Z0

mm

Z1

Final depth (abs) or final depth referred to Z0 or X0 (inc)

mm

Z1 (Engraving)

Engraving depth (abs) or depth referred to Z0 or X0 (inc)

mm

Z1 (Threadmilling)

End point of the thread (abs) or thread length (inc)

mm

ZFS

Plunging depth tool point (abs or inc) (only for chamfering) (only for machining front C/Y)

mm

ZM (Engraving)

Centre point Z (abs) (only for curved alignment) (only for machining mantle C/Y)

mm

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 35

Notes

B500

Section 6

Measuring

Notes

Unit α

Angle between measuring axis and workpiece. deg

α0

Angle between measuring axis and workpiece. deg

α1

Opening angle.

deg

Angle correct.

Correction rotates, Coordinate system. Correction rotates, Rotary Axis A Correction rotates, Rotary Axis C

deg

Ø

Diameter of the pocket. Or

mm

Diameter of the spigot Determ. Sph. Determine the sphere diameter. Diam.  Yes  No DFA

Measurement path

mm

DZ L

Infeed to measurement height Pocket length set point

mm mm

L1

Distance to first measuring point. or Distance from pole to first measuring point.

mm

L2

Distance to second measuring point. Distance from pole to first measuring point.

mm

L3

Distance to third measuring point.

mm

L4

Distance to fourth measuring point.

mm

L2X

Distance to the 2nd measuring point in direction of the X axis

L3X

Distance to the 3rd measuring point in direction of the X axis

L3Y

Distance to the 3rd measuring point in direction of theY axis

Meas. Direct.  

+ -

  

X Y Z

Measuring axis

B500

Page 36

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 6

Measuring Unit Measuring axis

  

X Y Z

Offset target

  

Meas. Only Work offset ( G54 - G57) Tool offset

Pos.

 

Outside corner Inside corner

Positioning

 

Parallel to axis Parallel to edge

Prot. zone

 

Use protection zone Do not use protection zone

Repeat meas-  urement 

Notes

Yes No

Spindle reversal

Measure with or without 180 degree spindle reversal

TVL

Limit value for triangle distortion

mm

TZL

Tolerance range for work offset

mm

W

Pocket width set point or Slot width set point

mm

XM

Centre point in X

mm

YM

Centre point in Y

mm

ZM

Centre point in Z

mm

XM1

Centre point of 1 sphere in X

mm

YM1

Centre point of 1 sphere in Y

mm

ZM1

Centre point of 1 sphere in Z

mm

XM2

Centre point of 2 sphere in X

mm

YM2

Centre point of 2 sphere in Y

mm

ZM2

Centre point of 2 sphere in Z

mm

XM3

Centre point of 3 sphere in X

mm

YM3

Centre point of 3 sphere in Y

mm

ZM3

Centre point of 3 sphere in Z

mm

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 37

B500

Section 6

Measuring

Notes

B500

Unit XP

Pole point X

mm

YP

Pole point Y

mm

X0

Reference point X

mm

Y0

Reference point Y

mm

Z0

Reference point Z

mm

Page 38

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Drawings of programming examples

B700

1

Brief description

Objective of the module: This module provides the means to carry out further exercises regarding the programming with ShopMill and to consolidate the programming knowledge so far attained. Description of the module: This module contains all the drawings that were used in the individual modules so far and additional work piece drawings as exercises for the consolidation of the acquired knowledge.

Content: 

Shop drawings - Mould - Mould plate - Guide plate_1 - Mounting plate - Perforated plate - Housing cover - Longitudinal guide - Example_1 - Mould_2 - Exhibition example - Mould plate_2 - Excercise_12 - Flange - Pressure plate - Guide plate_2 - Kidney-shaped plate - Con-rod - Wing - Connecting piece

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate 828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 1

This document was produced for training purposes. Siemens assumes no responsibility for its contents.

B700

B700

B700

Page 2

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

B700 Drawings of programming examples: Description This module contains all the drawings that were used in the individual modules so far and additional work piece drawings as exercises for the consolidation of the acquired knowledge.

Drawings of programming examples: START Mould_2

Con-rod

Exhibition example

Wing

Mould

Mould Plate Mould plate_2 Guide Plate_1 Exercise-12

Connecting piece

Drawings of programming examples: END

Mounting Plate Flange Perforated Plate Pressure plate Housing Cover Guide plate_2 Longitudinal guide Kidneyshaped plate Example_1

Notes

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 3

B700

Section 2

2.1

Mould

20

15

5

Notes

Shop drawings

150 95

R2 0

M10

75

60 4°

25

A

30°

100

40

50

R6

A 145

120

75

30

5

- 12

5 0

- 12

Y X

B700

Page 4

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 2

Shop drawings

Notes

Mould plate

10

15

25

5

2.2

A-A 40 80°

R3

0

150

20

22

A

22

5

R2

3

35

R15

90

100

R36

A R5

60

Y

70

X

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

100

Page 5

B700

Section 2 Notes

Shop drawings 2.3

Guide plate_1

30

15

10

A-A

70

30

0 R2 0 R1

240

140

A

Scaling factor: 1,5

A

120 240

Y X

B700

Page 6

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 2

Shop drawings 2.4

Notes

Mounting plate

25

10

75

100

100

Ø50

Y X

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 7

B700

Section 2 Notes

Shop drawings 2.5

Perforated plate

25

10

90

100

20

5 Ø2

100

20

R5

25

Y 30

X Alle nicht bemaßten Radien 5 mm

B700

Page 8

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 2

Shop drawings 2.6

Notes

Housing cover

40

35 30

25

Section A-A

10

150

M1

0

0

100

R2 Ø8

A

A

15

Y X

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 9

B700

Section 2 Notes

Shop drawings 2.7

Longitudinal guide

M10

20

10

Ø11

Ø10

A

100 130

100

80

61

0 Ø4

A

150

Y X

B700

Page 10

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 2

Shop drawings

Notes

Example_1

10

5

2.8

84 27

9

24

27

36

60

51

R14

12 53

Y

108

X

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 11

B700

2.9

Mould_2

15

10 5

Notes

Shop drawings

20

Section 2

150 95

R2

0

Ø30

75

60

25

A

30°

100

40

50

R6

A 145

120

75

30

5

0

Y X

B700

Page 12

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 2

Shop drawings

Notes

2.10 Exhibition example

100 90 70

15

R5

R5

5 R2

R4

5

Ø

70

30

60

°

30

8

15

30

A

30

5

Y

15

10

10

M6

X

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 13

B700

2.11 Mould plate_2

10

A-A

20

Notes

Shop drawings

15

Section 2

Ø10

Ø10

R1

5

45

35

R2

2,5

Ø30 R3 0

45 R36

90

92.5

100

A

A

45

(42.5)

100

R5

60

Y

70 85

X

B700

Page 14

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 2

Shop drawings

Notes

2.12 Excercise_12

Section A-A

20

10

4

8

Ø50

8,5

R1 0

100 90

10

100

80

60

R1 8

70

15°

A

R15

120

A

150

Y X

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 15

B700

2.13 Flange

20

10

Notes

Shop drawings

5

Section 2

18

110°

R10

R4

2

18

R5

R2 5

100

40°

50

8

82

R5 2

8

132 150

Y X

B700

Page 16

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 2

Shop drawings

Notes

15

5

2.14 Pressure plate

140 115 83

60

40

10

5

20

R5

10

R5

40

90

15

R5

15

0 R1

15

R6

15

15

Y X

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 17

B700

Section 2 Notes

Shop drawings 2.15 Guide plate_2

Section A-A

60

35

40

10

M12

140

160

R20

160

A

5 R1

20

40

40

A 90

Y X

B700

Page 18

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 2

Shop drawings

Notes

15

5

2.16 Kidney-shaped plate

60

R2 0

R80

R75

200

30

50

R10

15

200

Y X

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 19

B700

Section 2 Notes

Shop drawings 2.17 Con-rod

Section A-A 18 8

28

20

22

R 18

A

R20 6

R5

75

115±0,1

12

20

Y

A X

B700

Page 20

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Section 2

Shop drawings

Notes

2.18 Wing

15

5

10

Ø110

25°

R4

5

50

R2 5

R1 0

10

R

Y X

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 21

B700

Section 2 Notes

Shop drawings 2.19 Connecting piece

Section A-A Ø38 Ø14H7

1 Ø26 5

15

42,5

4

Ø16

4

12

Ø10H7

Ø26 Ø40 R3

A

A 116,8

Y X

B700

Page 22

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Notes

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate

Page 23

B700

B700

828D/840Dsl SINUMERIK Operate