Emprendimiento de Instalación de Paneles Solares
July 7, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Knkdtrldl`c` & Knkdtrôgl Knkdtrôgldc dc Lgmkglkråc kg Cutaectlzcdlôg Cutaectlz cdlôg y Dagtran Lg`ustrlcn
Keprkg`lelkgta @k Lgstcncdlôg @k Vcgknks Tancrks
Cslmgcturc8 @kscrranna `kn Keprkg`lelkgta Tkddlôg8 =:2-p0 Gaejrk `kn `adkgtk8 Eag`cdc Vcdbkda Ecdcrkgc Bknkg Gaejrk `k nas lgtkmrcgtks `kn mrupa8 -Elmukn Cgmkn Jarhc Eanlgc - K`lnjkrta Kelnla Maekz Ecrdc - Lvãg Knåcs Artlz Ncrlha Ikdbc `k kgtrkmc8 30-36-:6:6
Dagtkgl`a L.
Lgtra`uddlôg Lgtra`uddlô g ................................. ................ ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... .................... .. 4
LL.
Ajhktlva .................................. ................. ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... .......................... ........ 0
LLL.
:.3.
Ajhktlva mkgkrcn. ................ ................................. .................................. ................................... ................................... ................................... .................................... ................................... ...................... ..... 0
:.:.
Ajhktlva kspkdåilda. .................................. ................. ................................... ................................... ................................... .................................... .................................... .................................. ................ 0
@ksdrlpdlôg y kvcnucdlôg kvcnucdlô g kdagôeldc `k ugc l`kc `k keprkg`lelkgta. ................................... .................. ................................... ................................ .............. ; 4.3.
@ksdrlpdlôg `k nc apartugl`c apartugl`c` ` kxlstkgtk kg kn ekrdc`a. ................................... ................. .................................... ................................... ............................ ........... ;
4.:.
@kilgldlôg `k sanudlôg ................................. ................ ................................... ................................... ................................... .................................... ................................... ............................... .............. 9
4.4.
@ksdrlpdlôg `kn pncg `k lepnkekgtcdlôg. ................................... .................. ................................... .................................... .................................... .................................. ................ =
4.0.
@kilgldlôg `k rkdursas rkqukrl`as. .................................. ................ ................................... ................................... .................................... ................................... ............................ ........... 2
4.;.
@kilgldlôg `k cpaya rkqukrl`a. .................................. ................ .................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................ ............... 36
4.9.
Kstcjnkdlelkgta Kstcjnkdlel kgta `k Zlksmas y dôea skrãg ecgkhc`as. ................................. ............... .................................... ................................... ................................ ............... 33
4.=. Kstrudturcdlôg Kstrudturcd lôg `k kvcnucdlôg kvcnucdlô g kdagôeldc. .................................. ................. ................................... .................................... .................................... ................................ .............. 34 LY. Dagdnuslagks Dagdnusla gks ................ ................................. ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... .................. 3; Y.
Zkikrkgdlcs jljnlamrãildcs jljnlamrãi ldcs ................................. ................ ................................... ................................... ................................... .................................... .................................... ................................ .............. 39
Keprkg`lelkgta @k Lgstcncdlôg @k Vcgknks Tancrks
:
L. Lgtra`uddlôg @urcgtk nas øntleas cóas, saeas tkstlmas `k na lepartcgtk lepartcgtk quk ks keprkg`kr `kjl`a `kjl`a c quk ncs pkrsagcs `k`ldcg tlkepa c na quk nks cpcslagc, ta`a kn ksiukrza sk vk rkinkhc`a kg kn trcjcha ilgcn y nas dnlkgtks na gatcg. Vcrc kstc kvcnucdlôg `ksdrljlrkeas `k ecgkrc dagdkptucn ugc l`kc `k keprkg`lelkgta rkncdlagc`c dag nc dcrrkrc „Lgstcncdlôg `k pcgknks sancrks““, kstc l`kc surmk `kjl`a c nas dcejlas quk sk pra`udkg
cdtucnekgtk kg nc sadlk`c`. Tk kstã pra`udlkg`a ugc rk`uddlôg cdknkrc`c `k ncs rkskrvcs `k pktrônka y ug cuekgta dagsl`krcjnk `k nc dagtcelgcdlôg kg ncs dlu`c`ks par na quk ug praykdta daea kn quk sk kstã cgcnlzcg`a dajrc ecyar lgtkrìs. Kn tlpa `k kgkrmåc rkgavcjnk eãs dagsanl`c`c kg Dblnk ks nc sancr iatavantcldc. Bcy quk tkgkr kg dukgtc quk ugc keprksc `k lgstcncdlagks sancrks supagk ugas dastks lgådlcnks jchas y ugc ecga `k ajrc cntcekgtk ducnlildc`c pcrc sctlsicdkr ncs gkdksl`c`ks `k nas dnlkgtks. Cdtucnekgtk kstk tlpa `k gkmadlas vc kg cuekgta par na quk sl qukrkeas ecgtkgkrgas kg kn skdtar `kjkeas skr daepktltlvas tcgta kg prkdla daea kg dcnl`c` `kn skrvldla.
Keprkg`lelkgta @k Lgstcncdlôg @k Vcgknks Tancrks
4
LL. Ajhktlva :.3. Ajhktlva mkgkrcn.
Dagtrljulr c nc daeugl`c` kg kn cpravkdbcelkgta `k ncs kgkrmåcs ga dagtcelgcg dagtcelgcgtks, tks, ek`lcgtk nc
lgstcncdlôg `k pcgknks iatavantcldas y utlnlzcdlôg `k kgkrmåc sancr, slkg`a ugc iukgtk nleplc, rkgavcjnk, kdagôeldc y sustkgtcjnk.
:.:. Ajhktlva kspkdåilda.
@ktkdtcr a l`kgtlildcr `likrkgtks prajnkeãtldcs `kn dasta `k `kscrranncr nc vl`c slg knkdtrldl`c`,
pncgtkcg`a pasljnks sanudlagks y kstrctkmlcs pcrc mkgkrcr cddlagks quk gas cyu`kg c `cr sanudlagks. Iaekgtcr nc utlnlzcdlôg `k kgkrmåcs nleplcs, rkgavcjnks, kgkrmåc sancr, kg kn `kscrranna sustkgtcjnk pcrc nc pajncdlôg dag `liådln csksa `k rk` knìdtrldc.
Keprkg`lelkgta @k Lgstcncdlôg @k Vcgknks Tancrks
0
LLL. @ksdrlpdlôg y kvcnucdlôg kdagôeldc `k ugc l`kc `k keprkg`lel keprkg`lelkgta. kgta. 4.3. @ksdrlpdlôg `k nc apartugl`c` kxlstkgtk kg kn ekrdc`a.
Nas slstkecs iatavantcldas dagvlkrtkg nc nuz `kn san kg kgkrmåc knìdtrldc. Nc nuz `kn san quk lgdl`k kg kn ectkrlcn skeldag`udtar `k ncs dkn`cs lg`lvl`ucnks bcdk quk nas knkdtragks sk `kspncdkg c trcvìs `k ug dcjnk. Nc knkdtrldl`c` mkgkrc`c quk mkgkrcg nas slstkecs iatavantcldas puk`k uscrsk pcrc bcdkr iugdlagcr ugc vcrlk`c` `k kqulpas, `ks`k knkdtra`aeìstldas knkdtra`aeìstldas bcstc kqulpas daekrdlcnks `k pra`uddlôg. Kxlstkg eudbcs vcrlcjnks `kgtra `k ug slstkec iatavantclda, pkra garecnekgt garecnekgtk k ug daghugta iatavantclda sk lgstcnc kg ug tkdba quk `ì bcdlc kn sur, kg nc ek`l`c `k na pasljnk. Tk kvltcg ncs ajstruddlagks. Pkgmc kg dukgtc quk kg lgvlkrga sk mkgkrc ekgas kgkrmåc quk kg vkrcga, puks nas `åcs sag eãs dartas. C`keãs, kn eãxlea `k kgkrmåc sk mkgkrc cn ek`la `åc, eãs quk kg nc ecócgc a kg nc tcr`k-gadbk Nc Zkmlôg `k Crldc y Vcrlgcdatc pa`råc cjcstkdkr `k kgkrmåc knìdtrldc knìdtrldc c ta`a Dblnk par sus cntas åg`ldks `k rc`lcdlôg sancr, dlknas `kspkhc`as y cepnlas tkrrltar tkrrltarlas las pcrc nc lgstcncdlôg `k pcgknks iatavantcldas par na quk Zkqulkrk `k ugc lgvkrslôg kdagôeldc garecnekgtk cntc eatlva par kn quk eudbas usucrlas sk na plkgscg `as vkdks. C darta pncza, scnk dcrc, pkra dag kn tlkepa, cpcrtk `k dagtrljulr cn ek`la cejlkgtk kn cbarra par supuksta skrã sustcgdlcn y gatcjnk. Kg praek`la, ugc icelnlc dblnkgc mcstc $966.666 cn cóa kg kgkrmåc pcrc dadlgcr, dcnkicddlagcr, dadlgcr, lnuelgcr nas kspcdlas, kgtrk atras usas. Tlg kejcrma, „kstas dagsueas ga cskmurcg glvknks `k tkepkrcturc, tkepkrctur c, buek`c`, lnuelgcdlôg y dcnl`c` `kn clrk c`kduc`as cn lgtkrlar `k sus vlvlkg`cs, k lgdnusa kg cnmugas dcsas, ga dukgtcg dag kn cddksa gkdkscrla c cmuc dcnlkgtk scgltcrlc, par na quk, pcrc nnkmcr c nas glvknks c`kduc`as `kjlkrcg mcstcr ug ;6% eãs `k na quk bay mcstcg. Nas ekrdc`as c dagsl`krcr iukrag8 • Xagcs rurcnks quk ga pa`rãg cddk`kr c nc kgkrmåc knìdtrldc kg kn ek`lcga y ncrma pncza. • Xagcs urjcgcs lgtkrksc`cs kg cbarrcr kgkrmåc. • Xagcs lg`ustrlcnks dag rkdursas `k kgkrmåc sancr y ksdcsas rkdursas pcrc atrcs apdlagks `k kgkrmåc
daea par khkepnas ug mrupa knkdtrômkga. • Suk bcyc lg`ldlas `k usas `k atrcs iarecs `k kgkrmåc c`keãs `k ncs trc`ldlagcnks daea kn usa `k
jctkråcs.
Keprkg`lelkgta @k Lgstcncdlôg @k Vcgknks Tancrks
;
4.:. @kilgldlôg `k sanudlôg
@lskócr ug slstkec skgdlnna `k kgkrmåc sancr pcrc dc`c zagc. Var khkepna, kn jãslda quk sustltuyk vkncs y nãepcrcs `k qukraskga dag trks iadas 4] quk lnuelgcg dlgda barcs y pkreltk nc dcrmc `k dknuncrks, l`kcn pcrc zagcs cnkhc`cs daea dcscs `k dcepa pkqukócs. Kn slmulkgtk ks ug slstkec `k 4666], pcrc cnlekgtcr dagsueas y tkgkr cdueuncdlôg `k kgkrmåc `lspagljnk ducg`a sk gkdksltk, yc skc `k gadbk a sl nc rk` knìdtrldc dck dag irkdukgdlc. Nas olts sancrks dagkdtc`as c rk` knìdtrldc a `k cutadagsuea `lrkdta sag nas c`kduc`as pcrc rk`udlr kn lepartk `k nc icdturcdlôg knìdtrldc yc quk pkreltkg dujrlr nas dagsueas kg barcs `k san cnlekgtãg`ask `lrkdtcekgtk `k nas pcgknks sancrks. sa ncrks. Elkgtrcs quk kn tkrdkr slstkec daepnkekgtc ncs gkdksl`c`ks tìreldcs y `k dnlectlzcdlôg kg nas bamcrks pcrc ctkg`kr nc `kecg`c `k cmuc dcnlkgtk kg lgvlkrga y clrk cdag`ldlagc`a kg vkrcga.
Keprkg`lelkgta @k Lgstcncdlôg @k Vcgknks Tancrks
9
4.4. @ksdrlpdlôg `kn pncg `k lepnkekgtcdlôg.
Nc prkskgtk dcrtc Mcgtt kstã dagtkepnc`c par pkrla`as skecgcnks y dag cddlagks c `kscrranncr `k nugks c vlkrgks. Dcrtc Mcgtt Keprkg`lelkgta @k Lgstcncdlôg @k Vcgknks Tancrks Eks 3 Eks : Eks 4 Eks 0 Eks Cdtlvl`c`ks Tke Tkec cg gc c 3 Tke Tkec cg gc c : Tke Tkec cg gc c 4 Tkec Tkec g gc c 0 Tke Tkec cg gc c 3 Tkec Tkecgc gc : Tkec Tkecgc gc 4 Tkecgc 0 Tkecgc Tkecgc 3 Tkecgc Tkecgc : Tkecgc Tkecgc 4 Tkecgc Tkecgc 0 Tkec Tkec gc gc 3 Tkec Tkec gc gc : Tkec Tkec gc gc 4 Tkec Tkec gc gc 0 Tkecgc @lc 3 :4 0; 3: 40 ; 3: 40 ;3 :4 0; 3: 40 ;3 :4 0; 3: 40 ;3 :4 0; 3: 40 ;3 :4 0; 3: 40 ;3 :4 0; 3 :4 0; 3: 40 ;3 :4 0; 3: 40 ; Zkuglôg Lgldlcn iuturas/cs keprkg`k`arks Iareuncdlôg Lgldlcn (l`kcs) keprkg`lelkgta c `kscrranncr Zkuglôg `k Keprkg`k`arks pcrc nc `lsduslôg `k l`kc c `kscrranncr Vrlekrc dagsuntc jljnlamrãildc a rkikrkgdlcn `k cdkrdcelkgta c nc rkcnl`c`. (@ctas `k ìxlta, ircdcsa, prkskgdlc `k daepktkgdlc kg kn ekrdc`a, ktd.) Cgãnlsls `k `ctas lgldlcnks rkdaplnc`as rkdaplnc`as,, iareuncdlôg `k L`kc Gkmadla. Kstu`la `k Ekrdc`a l`kgtlildcdlôg `k patkgdlcn daepktkgdlc. Kstu`la `k Ekrdc`a l`kgtlildcdlôg `k patkgdlcnks lgvkrslaglstcs pcrc kn keprkg`lelkgta. Kstu`la `k Ekrdc`a l`kgtlildcdlôg `k patkgdlcnks dnlkgtks a usucrlas quk cddk`cg c nas pra`udtas y/a skrvldlas. Kstu`la `k Ekrdc`a l`kgtlildcdlôg `k patkgdlcnks pravkk`arks `k lgsueas a skrvldlas cgkxas quk sk atarmcg. Cgãnlsls `k `ctas rkdaplnc`as kstu`la `k ekrdc`a. Prcjcha kg Pkrrkga `k Keprkg`k`arks jøsquk`c `k datlzcdlagks kg lgsueas c rkqukrlr pcrc lepnkekgtcr kn gkmadla. Zkuglôg `k Keprkg`k`arks pcrc cgãnlsls `k datlzcdlagks rkdaml`cs y kncjarcdlôg `k prksupuksta. Najjy lgstltudlagcn dag pasljnks lgvkrslaglstc lgvkrslaglstcss `k ilgcgdlcelkgta. ilgcgdlcelkgta. Daar`lgcdlôg `k rkuglagks dag pasljnks lgvkrslaglstcs. rkqukrlelkgta `k il gcgd gcgdlcelkgta lcelkgta c lgvkrslaglstcs. Lgsdrlpdlôg y Nkmcnlzcdlôg `k nas keprkg`k`arks, ek`lcgtk Vnctciarec "Pukeprksckgug`åc." Vujnldcdlôg Aildlcn Keprksc Vyek kg Dãecrc `k Daekrdla. Iareuncdlôg Kstrctkmlcs Vncg `k Ecroktlgm dnlkgtks patkgdlcnks a daeugl`c` kg mkgkrcn. Kncjarcdlôg ekdcglseas vlsljnks y tcgmljnks `k ek`las a pnctciarecs pcrc ecroktlgm `kn pra`udta y/a skrvldla. @liuslôg y praeadlôg `k skrvldlas y/a pra`udtas quk sk kstãg airkdlkg`a kg kn Gkmadla.
Vukstc kg Apkrcdlôg `kn Gkmadla, cpkrturc c nc daeugl`c`. Kvcnucdlôg `k Vradksa Lepcdta Iareuncdlôg L`kc `k Gkmadla. Kvcnucdlôg `k Vradksa Lepcdta Vukstc kg Ecrdbc L`kc `k Gkmadla. Kvcnucdlôg kdagôeldc `k lgvkrslôg L`kc `k Gkmadla. Kvcnucdlôg kdagôeldc `k dastas- jkgkildlas L`kc `k Gkmadla. Cgãnlsls Kdagôelda ilgcgdlkra Vrlekrc Ktcpc khkdudlôg Gkmadla. Kncjarcdlôg Jcncgdk k Lgiarek Kdagôelda khkdudlôg Gkmadla. Vrkskgtcdlôg c Lgvkrslaglstcs `k Jcncgdk k Lgiarek Kdagôelda khkdudlôg Gkmadla.
Keprkg`lelkgta @k Lgstcncdlôg @k Vcgknks Tancrks
=
4.0. @kilgldlôg `k rkdursas rkqukrl`as.
Nc lgvkrslôg lgldlcn skrã `k 96 elnnagks nc ducn gas cyu`crã c daeprcr dlkrtc dcgtl`c` `k pra`udtas quk sk rkdupkrcrã c ncrma pncza y sk tkg`rã ugc kstlecdlôg `k 9% `kn dasta `k nc ecga `k ajrc y ug 36% `kn dasta `k ecgtkglelkgta.
Lgvkrslôg `k dcpltcn ilha Tk rkilkrk c nc lgvkrslôg c rkcnlzcr pcrc daeprcr nas kqulpas gukvas rkqukrl`as pcrc kn praykdta. Kstk dasta tcejlìg lgdnulrã nas dastas `k lgstcncdlôg y `k kgvåa rkncdlagc`as dag nc daeprc `kn kqulpa. Ksta sk dagsl`krc c ekgu`a daea ugc lgvkrslôg c ncrma pncza. Lgvkrslôg `k dcpltcn `k trcjcha Darrkspag`k c nc lgvkrslôg rkcnlzc`c cn lgldla `kn praykdta pcrc dujrlr sus mcstas apkrctlvas (par khkepna, lgvkgtcrla `k ectkrlcs prlecs). Ksta sk dagsl`krc c ekgu`a daea ugc lgvkrslôg c darta pncza.
C`ldlagcnekgtk, ducnqulkr cuekgta kxlstkgtk kg kn dcpltcn `k trcjcha, y rkstcg`a ducnqulkr inuha `k kikdtlva `kspuìs `k lepukstas, ajtkgl`a par nc vkgtc `k cdtlvas cgtlmuas. Nas dastas aduntas sag lmgarc`as parquk sag lrrknkvcgtks. Nc iôreunc ks nc slmulkgtk slmulkgtk88 Lgvkrslôg lgldlcn 5 Lgvkrslôg `k dcpltcn ilha + Lgvkrslôg `k dcpltcn `k trcjcha — Lgmrksas par vkgtc `k cdtlvas (Ycnar `k rksdctk).
Vcrc quk gukstra pncg `k praykdta skc lgtkmrcn y kildcz, `kjk tkgkr kg dukgtc ta`as nas rkdursas quk lginuykg kg nc dcpcdl`c` `k nc keprksc pcrc drkcr y kgtrkmcr sus vcnarks prlgdlpcnks. Kg mkgkrcn, nc nlstc `k rkdursas c dagsl`krcr lgdnuyk nas rkncdlagc`as dag nc pra`uddlôg, kn cnecdkgcelkgta, nc lgvkstlmcdlôg y `kscrranna `k pra`udtas, `kscrranna `kscrranna `k pradksas, lgmkglkråc, daeprcs, pkrsagcn y ilgcgzcs. Cså puks, vceas c `ljuhcr ugc lecmkg daepnktc `k ug slstkec `k rkdursas, dagsl`krcg`a nas rkdursas dncslildc`as kg dlgda dctkmaråcs `lstlgtcs8 rkdursas iåsldas? rkdursas buecgas? nc praplk`c` lgtknkdtucn (LV), saitwcrk y eìta`as? „kdaslstkec―? y rkdursas ilgcgdlkras.
3. Nas rkdursas iåsldas sag nc praplk`c` tcgmljnk, k lgdnuykg lgstcncdlagks, aildlgcs, ja`kmcs, tkrrkgas, ecqulgcrlc, kqulpas y bkrrcelkgtcs. Cnmugas rkdursas (par khkepna, lgstcncdlagks `k icjrldcdlôg y dkgtras `k `lstrljudlôg) rkinkhcg mrcg`ks lgvkrslagks quk sôna sk pra`udkg dc`c :6 cóas a eãs. Atras, daea bkrrcelkgtcs `kskdbcjnks, puk`kg rkqukrlr padc lgvkrslôg y puk`kg skr dcejlc`as dag irkdukgdlc.
Keprkg`lelkgta @k Lgstcncdlôg @k Vcgknks Tancrks
2
:. Nas rkdursas buecgas sag nas kepnkc`as quk daepagkg nc iukrzc `k trcjcha `k ncs apkrcdlagks. Nas kepnkc`as lg`lvl`ucnks `lilkrkg kg sus bcjlnl`c`ks, kn dagadlelkgta, nc iarecdlôg, nc dcpcdl`c`, inkxljlnl`c` y dag`ldlagks `k kepnka. Pcejlìg `lilkrkg kg kn pcpkn quk `kskepkócg. 4. Nc Vraplk`c` Lgtknkdtucn, kn saitwcrk y nas eìta`as sag nas rkdursas jcsc`as kg kn dagadlelkgta `k nc iugdlôg `k apkrcdlagks. Tag kn dagadlelkgta dankdtlva rksl`kgtk kg nc armcglzcdlôg, ga par nas kepnkc`as lg`lvl`ucnks. Tk lgdnuykg kg kstc dctkmaråc nas `lskóas pctkgtc`as y praplktcrlas, skdrktas daekrdlcnks, saitwcrk, slstkecs `k armcglzcdlôg, pradksas, tìdgldcs k lgiarecdlôg. Kn cnmarltea `k jøsquk`c `k Maamnk a kn dô`lma iukgtk `k ]lg`aws kg Eldrasait sag `as khkepnas `k kstk tlpa `k rkdursa tcg vcnlasa. 0. Kn kdaslstkec `k rkdursas, quk sag ncs rkncdlagks dag nas pravkk`arks, pravkk`arks, `lstrljul`arks, `lstrljul`arks, dnlkgtks y sadlas, quk dagstltuykg dankdtlvcekgtk kn kdaslstkec `k gkmadlas `k nc keprksc. @ìeagas dukgtc quk dcsl slkeprk ncs cnlcgzcs iukrtks kgtrk dancjarc`arks, pravkk`arks y dnlkgtks, sag ug cdtlva euy lepartcgtk pcrc gukstra ìxlta, y par tcgta sag ug „rkdursa― `lspagljnk. ;. Nas rkdursas ilgcgdlkras, quk sag nas tlpas `k iag`as `lspagljnks, lgdnuykg`a `lgkra kg kikdtlva, `lgkra kg kikdtlva mkgkrc`a par ncs apkrcdlagks, y nas iag`as `lspagljnks `k nas ekrdc`as ilgcgdlkras. Kstas rkdursas mkgkrcnekgtk ga sag dagsl`krc`as daea pcrtk `k ncs apkrcdlagks, slg kejcrma, puk`kg skr `kdlslvas kg bcjlnltcr a rkstrlgmlr nc cpnldcdlôg `k nc kstrctkmlc. Var khkepna, ugc lgvkrslôg `k ;66 elnnagks `k `ôncrks kg cutaectlzcdlôg puk`k skr ilgcgdlkrcekgtk y kstrctìmldcekgtk pru`kgtk, yc quk puk`k ekharcr nc kildlkgdlc y rk`udlr nas dastks, pkra ga sudk`krã sl Apkrcdlagks ga tlkgk nas iag`as pcrc lgvkrtlr.
Keprkg`lelkgta @k Lgstcncdlôg @k Vcgknks Tancrks
<
4.;. @kilgldlôg `k cpaya rkqukrl`a.
Ncs cpartcdlagks pcrc nc keprksc skrã tcgta `k `lgkra daea c trcvìs `k jlkgks quk dagtlkgkg ug vcnar kdagôelda kstcjnkdl`a par nas praplas sadlas daea par khkepna ar`kgc`arks, saitwcrk y vkbådunas vcnarc`as kg 46 666 666 `k pksas. Kg kn tkec kdagôelda sk `kdl`k par ug prìstcea slg cvcn y nc apdlôg eãs cddksljnk ks dailgcgdlcr kn keprkg`lelkgta keprkg`lel kgta dag ug iag`a dagdurscjnk nncec`a Dcpltcn Tkelnnc Keprkg`k. Kstk iag`a pkrtkgkdk c Tkrdatkd, kstc ks ugc darparcdlôg `k `krkdba prlvc`a, `k`ldc`c c cpaycr c ncs eldra y pkqukócs keprkscs y c nas keprkg`k`arks `kn pcås, pcrc quk sk `kscrrannkg y skcg iukgtk `k drkdlelkgta drkdlelkgt a pcrc Dblnk y nas dblnkgas. ±Suì cpaya kgtrkmc1 Bcstc 4.;66.666 DNV* pcrc dagdrktcr ncs cdtlvl`c`ks `ktcnnc`cs `ktcnnc`cs kg kn pncg `k trcjcha. @k kstas8 Eåglea :66.666 DNV y eãxlea ;66.666 DNV puk`kg `kstlgcrsk c cddlagks `k mkstlôg keprkscrlcn (daea cslstkgdlc tìdgldc, dcpcdltcdlôg y cddlagks `k ecroktlgm). ecroktlgm). Bcstc 4.466.666 DNV puk`kg `kstlgcrsk c lgvkrslagks. Dc`c keprkg`k`ar/c sknkddlagc`a/c `kjkrã kgtrkmcr ug cpartk kg kikdtlva, tcgta pcrc ncs cddlagks `k mkstlôg keprkscrlcn daea pcrc ncs lgvkrslagks. @ldba cpartk darrkspag`krã c ug pardkgtchk `kn sujsl`la Tkrdatkd, kn ducn skrã `kilgl`a par dc`c @lrkddlôg Zkmlagcn. Cslelsea, `kjkrã ilgcgdlcr ducnqulkr lepuksta csadlc`a c su praykdta.
Keprkg`lelkgta @k Lgstcncdlôg @k Vcgknks Tancrks
36
4.9. Kstcjnkdlelkgta `k Zlksmas y dôea skrãg ecgkhc`as.
Nc lepartcgdlc `k dagtcr dag ugc jukgc lgstcncdlôg sancr iatavantcldc rc`ldc kg taecr nc ekhar `kdlslôg quk rkspcn`k nc skmurl`c` `k ustk` y `k su icelnlc. [g slstkec iatavantclda ks ugc jukgc bkrrcelkgtc `k mkgkrcdlôg knìdtrldc knìdtrldc nleplc y cugquk dukgtc dag eudbas jkgkildlas y vkgtchcs tcejlìg lepnldc cnmugas rlksmas sl kstã ks lgstcnc`c `k ugc iarec lgc`kduc`c y sl ga sk rkspcn`c nc lgstcncdlôg par pkrsagcn dcpcdltc`a, nas prajnkecs vcg `ks`k kn `ksprkg`lelkgta `k nas pcgknks `k su sapartk bcstc kn sajrk dcnkgtcelkgta dcnkgtcelkgt a k lgdkg`la `kn slstkec, c dagtlgucdlôg sk `ksdrljk ug dcsa rkcn quk rkprkskgtc nas krrarks `k lgstcncdlôg y nas rlksma quk lepnldc ecgtkgkrna ks kscs dag`ldlagks. Zlksma sancr 38 Vkriarcdlagks kg kn tkdba
Kg kstk dcsa ga kxlstk ugc suhkdlôg `k kstrudturc cn tkdba, pkra ksa ga slmglildc quk skc darrkdta kg eagtchk. Zlksma sancr :8 Dcrmcs `k vlkgta
Ks lepartcgtk ekgdlagcr quk cn ga tkgkr ugc jukgc ilhcdlôg cn tkdba sk darrk kn rlksma `k quk nas eô`unas sancrks sk `kspkg`cg cgtk cgtk iukrtks rãicmcs `k vlkgta, kg kstk dcsa nc ilhcdlôg `k nc kstrudturc ks øgldcekgtk c jnaquks `k dagdrkta ga ilhc`as c nc czatkc, sag lgkstcjnks y mkgkrcg buek`c` cjcha. Ksta `krlvcråc kg quk cgtk iukrtks czatks `k vlkgta nas pcgknks sancrks sk `ksprkg`cg y quk`kg lgskrvljnks.
Lnustrcdlôg 3 ilhcdlôg `k eô`unas sancrks
Keprkg`lelkgta @k Lgstcncdlôg @k Vcgknks Tancrks
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Zlksma sancr 48 pknlmras knìdtrldas y `k lgdkg`la
Nc pcrtk prlear`lcn kg ugc rkvlslôg `k ug slstkec iatavantcldc sag ncs dag`ldlagks knìdtrldcs kg ncs quk sk kgdukgtrk kn slstkec. Kxlstkg krrarks `k lgstcncdlôg kvl`kgtks pcrc lgstcncdlagks knìdtrldcs pcrc kvcnucdlôg `k skmurl`c` `k slstkecs iatavantcldas. C dagtlgucdlôg, sk `ktcnnc nas krrarks knìdtrldas daektl`as par nc keprksc lgstcnc`arc slg kxpkrlkgdlc.
Tknkddlôg `k dcjnk lgdarrkdt lgdarrkdta a Kepcneks `k dcjnk dag `lstlgtas dcnljrks Tknkddlôg `k tujkråc pcrc lgtkrlarks lgstcnc`a kg kn kxtkrlar Icntc `k pukstcs c tlkrrc kg kn lgvkrsar dkgtrcn Dagkxlôg `k DC `kn lgvkrsar `lrkdtcekgtk c clrks cdag`ldlagc`as Ecnc lgstcncdlôg `k tujkråc y dapnks Arlkgtcdlôg Arlkgtcdl ôg `k nas eô`unas `ksicsc`c Aelslôg `k pugtas `k saejrc Kepcneks clsnc`as dag dlgtc kg kxtkrlarks Vkriarcdlôg cn ecrda `k pcgknks pcrc pukstcs c tlkrrc
Keprkg`lelkgta @k Lgstcncdlôg @k Vcgknks Tancrks
3:
4.=. Kstrudturcdlôg `k kvcnucdlôg kdagôeldc.
Kg kn prkskgtk inuha `k dchc sk dagsl`krô nc vkgtc `k nc lgstcncdlôg `k pcgknks sancrks `k 4666w dag ug vcnar 3.;;;.666 pksas (Sulgdk elnnagks qulglkgtas dlgdukgtc y dlgda eln pksas) dag ug dcpltcn 4.666.666 pksas (trks elnnagks `k pksas) y ug drì`lta jcgdcrla 06.666.66 06.666.666 6 pksas (ducrkgtc elnnagks `k pksas).
Dchc `k inuha cóa 3
cóa :
cóa 4
cóa 0
cóa ;
cóa 9
cóa =
Lgmrksass Lgmrksa
3:2.; 3:2.;:; :;.66 .666 6
3 332 32.32 .326.6 6.666 66
342.4 342.4
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