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DNSPDPXPO SXRHVDOV AXPKSK Jdchncdkturk ha Ihstão `h Vhcursos Muaknos Rós-jkforkj 3ᵖ kno

Ätdck nk ihstão `h phssoks, Ätdck no rhjkcdonkahnto coa haprhik`o haprhik`o,, Ätdck nk contrktkéão `o haprhik`o, @hvhrhs h vdrtu`hs proldssdonkds

Hstu`knth7 Hjdsk Hjdks Akoafh`zh @ochnth7 @r7

Akputo, Gknhdro `h 6266

 

  Á n` n`dd ch

DNPVO@XÉÃO .................... ........................................... ............................................. ............................................ ............................................ .................................. ............ 3 ;. CONPH]PXKJDWK CONPH]PXKJDWKÉÃO ÉÃO H LXN@KAHNPO LXN@KAHNPO @H ÄPD ÄPDCK CK ........................................... ............................................... .... 0 ;.6

Ätdck nk ihstão `h phssoks.................... .......................................... ............................................ ............................................ ........................... ..... 8

;.3

Ätdck no rhjkcdonkahnto coa o haprhio ................... ......................................... ............................................ ........................... ..... 8

;.0 @hvhrhs h vdrtu`hs proldssdonkds.................... .......................................... ............................................ ............................................ ........................ 9 CONCJXSÃO ............................................ ................................................................... ............................................. ............................................ .............................. ........ 4 VHLHVHNCDK FDFJDOIVËLDCK .................... .......................................... ............................................ ............................................ ......................... ...;2

 

DNPVO@XÉÃO  DNPVO@XÉÃO  O prhshnth trkfkjmo vkd kfor`kr ks quhstøhs `h ätdck nk ihstão `h phssoks, htdck no rhjkcdonkahnto coa o haprhio, ätdck nk contrktkéão `h haprhik`o h `hvhr h vdrtu`hs  proldssdonkds. O nosso ofghctdvo não ä hsiotkr to`k aktärdk quh lkjk sofrh ätdck, aks sda kfor`kr conth÷`os fkshs `os pontos suprk cdtk`os knthrdorahnth. K ahto`ojoidk haprhik`k no `hcorrhr `k hjkforkéão `o trkfkjmo thrë coao fksh ks phsqudsks  fdfjdoirëldcks rhkjdzk`ks ha jdvros, rhvdstks h krtdios cdhntáldcos, quh thnmka por conth÷`o k k`adndstrkéão `h rhcursos muaknos, cdçncdks socdkds h rhjkcdonkahnto corporktdvo. K phsqudsk fdfjdoirëldck tha coao ofghctdvo conmhchr h knkjdskr ks prdncdpkds contrdfudéøhs thórdcks hxdsthnths k pkrtdr `h ua `hthradnk`o thak ou profjhak, procurkn`o hxpor k rhkjd`k`h hstu`k`k, suks ckrkcthrástdcks h prdncápdos vdncujk`os. Rkrk tknto, tkafäa shrë haprhik`k no `hcorrhr `k hjkforkéão `o trkfkjmo, k knëjdsh sdsthaëtdck `o Có`dio `h Ätdck Rroldssdonkj `k K`adndstrkéão, ks thordks akgordtërdks quh o kcoapknmk, kjäa `h suk kpjdckfdjd`k`h no æafdto proldssdonkj `o k`adndstrk`or, por ahdo `h  phsqudsk ha sdths `h orikndzkéøhs quh prhzka os vkjorhs ätdcos `os proldssdonkds `k cjkssh k`adndstrktdvk.

 

;.  CONPH]PXKJDWKÉÃ CONPH]PXKJDWKÉÃO O H LXN@KAHNPO @H ÄPDCK Knths `h sh kthntkr kos lkctorhs quh prdordzka k ätdck `hntro `ks rhjkéøhs `h trkfkjmo, ä  prhcdso hscjkrhchr qukds os prdncápdos quh `hvha shr hxpostos nhssk rhjkéão, uak vhz quh  ponto `h hqudjáfrdo `hvh shr fusck`o nua `os prdncdpkds vkjorhs ikrkntd`os phjo Hstk`o @haocrëtdco `h @drhdto, dsto ä, k `dind`k`h `k phssok muaknk. Shiun`o Aoorh (;498), k pkjkvrk ätdck vha `o vocëfujo irhio ätmos, shn`o hnthn`d`k `h aknhdrk `dvhrsk no trknscorrhr `os säcujos. Kssda, shu sdindldck`o `hphn`dk `k lorakéão `kquhjh quh k hstu`kvk h `o conthxto ha quh shrdk dnshrd`k. Rkrk kjiuns sdindldckvk aork`k, dsto ä, aork`k `o shr. Contu`o, pkrk outros sdindldckvk ckrëcthr, quh shrdk uak hspäcdh `h shiun`k nkturhzk. @hstk lorak, pkrk hvdtkr conljdtos dnthradnëvhds, thn`o ha vdstk k irkn`h hvojuéão aun`dkj, k`optou-sh h `dlun`du-sh o sdindldck`o `k ätdck irhik, quh tha coao fksh o congunto `h mëfdtos h kcéøhs quh vdska o fha coaua `h uak `hthradnk`k coaund`k`h. O conchdtuk-sh ätdck coao cdçncdk `o coaportkahnto aorkj `os moahns, ha socdh`k`h, shn`o quh, k phr`k `os vkjorhs aorkds klhctk `h lorak `drhctk k `dind`k`h muaknk, quh tha suk dnthird`k`h kfkjk`k.  Nk phrsphctdvk `h Krknmk (6224), o moaha não po`h kfkn`onkr k ätdck, mkgk vdstk quh hsth  prdncápdo lkz pkrth `k con`utk h convdvçnc convdvçncdk dk muaknk h socdkj. K aorkj ä ua `os ksphctos coaportkahntkds quh lkz pkrth `o shr muakno, quh tha k opéão `h k`optkr hstk ou kquhjk aorkj, aks gkakds vdvhr sha hjk. O lun`kahnto aorkj não hstë jdik`o soahnth â hxphrdçncdk, akds sh kpodk ha prdncápdos rkcdonkds kprdorástdcos. \kjh skjdhntkr quh o ofghctdvo fksdjkr `k ätdck ä k aorkj, uak vhz quh k aorkj não ä k cdçncdk h sda o shu ofghctdvo. Knths `os hnsdnkahntos `h Sócrkths, cmkak`os `h hrk `os präsocrëtdcos, k prhocupkéão quh sh tdnmk hrk coa o nkturkjdsao, ou shgk, coa kqudjo quh idrk ha torno `o dn`dvá`uo, h não coa hjh próprdo. No hntknto, o phnskahnto irhio tdnmk uak särdh `h hnsdnkahntos h thordks kfrknihnths sofrh k ordiha `o aun`o h sofrh k hssçncdk `k rhkjd`k`h. Hssks thordks hrka fkshk`ks ha conmhcdahntos `k lásdck, akthaëtdck, kstronoadk h cdçncdks nkturkds, rhprhshntk`k `h lorak frdjmknth por hscojks hsphcdkjdzk`ks h por shus `dscápujos. Rkrk Skntos, (6224), os phnsk`orhs `k hrk prä-sócrkths, tkafäa `hnoadnk`os `h ldjósolos `k nkturhzk, lun`kvka suks thordks k pkrtdr `h suks vd`ks h hxphrdçncdks, conthapjkn`o ua aun`o quh sh kprhshntkvk coa `dvhrsks trknslorakéøhs. Hntrhtknto, hsshs kdn`k akntdnmka suks d`hntd`k`hs h mëfdtos, hstkn`o orikndzk`os `hntro `h uak socdh`k`h ck`k vhz akds coapjhxk.

 

;.6 Ätdck nk ihstão `h phssoks Ks orikndzkéøhs mogh ha `dk hstão audto akds prhocupk`ks ha ckptkr h trhdnkr cojkfork`orhs, cojkfork`orhs,  pkrk quh o hxhrcácdo `k proldssão shgk `hshaphnmk`o coa ätdck, coaproahtdahnto h rhsphdto h `hstk lorak posska kjcknékr shus ofghctdvos h ahtks prä-hstkfhjhcd`ks. Não sh conldiurk no kctukj chnërdo, phssoks coa coaportkahntos kntdätdcos h `hsonrosos, quh po`ha akncmkr k  fok dakiha `h `h uak orikndzkéã orikndzkéão. o. K Ihstão Hstrktäidck `h Rhssoks (IHR) po`hrë dnljuhncdkr nk hvojuéão `ks kcéøhs h ktdtu`hs quotd`dknks, crdkn`o ua kafdhnth orikndzkcdonkj kfhrto ko `dëjoio h k pkrtdcdpkéão. Construdr ua hspkéo `h coaundckéão dnthnsk, dnovkr ha ua kafdhnth quh phradth kjdkr os  proghctos cojhctdvos h os proghctos dn`dvd`ukds, possdfdjdtkn`o ko ihstor ofthr au`knéks  posdtdvks nk cujturk cujturk orikndzkcdonk orikndzkcdonkj.j. Rkrk sh kproxdakr `k phrlhdéão k ätdck ä lun`kahntk`k por prdncápdos `k con`utk muaknk, norakjdzkn`o `drhctrdzhs, hstdpujkn`o os `hvhrhs quh `hvha shr shiud`os no `hshaphnmo `h uak kctdvd`k`h proldssdonkj, cuaprdr corrhctkahnth o quh jmh lod adndstrk`o, kpjdckn`o-jmh os corrhctdvos rkcdonkds h muaknos, ou shgk, sha rdior hxchssdvo, sha aotdvkr pændco, ah`o ou covkr`dk. Kphskr `ks noraks hxdsthnths, shgka hjks gurá`dcks ou aorkds, audtks vhzhs kdn`k pkdrka `÷vd`ks sofrh coao kidr coa rhctd`ão, ou porquh não sh conmhch k hxdstçncdk `h noraks ou não sh skfh dnthrprhtë-jks. K cujturk kcuaujk`k `o moaha rhchfd`k ktrkväs `k suk h`uckéão  possdfdjdtk quh, kjäa `h suks nhchssd`k`h nhchssd`k`hss prdaërdks kthn`d`ks phjo dnstdnto, possk hjh fusckr  fhns h outros vkjorhs. Ojdvhdrk (62;6) ahncdonk quh k ätdck qukn`o hstë k nossk `dsposdéão não nos susthntk akds `dknth `os vkjorhs `o pkssk`o, poräa hjk hstë prhshnth ck`k vhz akds nk nossk vd`k, aksckrkn`o k construéão `ks d`hojoidks h `ks ` ks novks loraks `h `oadnkéão. Kphnks quhrhaos h prhcdskaos irdtkr fha kjto, quh os hjhahntos prdncdpkds `h to`ks ks ätdcks não po`ha lkjtkr7 rhsphdto h gustdék.

;.3 Ätdck no rhjkcdonkahnto coa o haprhio K ätdck ä kdn`k dn`dsphnsëvhj ko haprhio, porquh nk kéão muaknk ‚o lkzhr‑ h ‚o kidr‑ hstão dnthrjdik`os. O lkzhr `dz rhsphdto â coaphtçncdk, â hldcdçncdk quh to`o proldssdonkj `hvh  possudr pkrk hxhrchr fha k suk proldssão. O kidr sh rhlhrh â con`utk `o proldssdonkj, ko congunto `h ktdtu`hs quh `hvh kssuadr no `hshaphnmo `h suk proldssão.

 

Po`k k lksh `h lorakéão proldssdonkj, o kprhn`dzk`o `ks coaphtçncdks h mkfdjd`k`hs, rhlhrhnths â prëtdck hsphcáldck nuak `hthradnk`k ërhk, `hvha dncjudr k rhljhxão. Dsso ckrkcthrdzk o ksphcto aorkj `k cmkak`k Ätdck Rroldssdonkj, k ua congunto `h rhirks hstkfhjhcd`ks coao shn`o ks akds k`hquk`ks pkrk o shu hxhrcácdo. K lksh `k hscojmk proldssdonkj ä optktdvk, aks ko hscojmç-jk, os `hvhrhs proldssdonkds pksska k shr ofrdiktórdos. [ukn`o kprhshntka ua congunto `h noraks prdvk`ks, ou `h irupos quh vdska kphnks k dnthrhsshs `hthradnk`os, ou `h ckthiordks `h phssoks quh não tça rhsphdto ou `dind`k`h, hjks rhprhshntka o aëxdao `ks ktdtu`hs kntdätdcks possávhds. Mogh, ä coaua conlun`dr k ätdck coa ks noraks ätdcks dapostks phjk trk`déão, phjk `oadnkéão pojátdck h phjk h`uckéão. Coa o kvknéo `o conmhcdahnto h `k thcnojoidk kfrha irkn`hs jkcunks `dknth `os profjhaks ätdcos. K hscojmk `ks tkrhlks `hvh shr k provhndçncdk `o `hvhr k shr cuaprd`o, vdskn`o â qukjd`k`h `k hxhcuéão, `hntro `h uak con`utk vkjorosk h rhljhctd`ks por prëtdcks ÷thds h cmhdks `h fhnhlácdos. [uha kchdtk tkrhlks sha thr k ckpkcd`k`h `h hxhrcç-jks, ä con`hnëvhj coao prëtdck kntdätdck ha lunéão `os prhguázos quh po`h vdr k ckuskr k thrchdros, `hs`h quh knthrdorahnth shu guázo os thnmk d`hntdldck`o. Ks jhds `h ck`k proldssão são hjkfork`ks coa o ofghctdvo `h prothihr os proldssdonkds h ks  phssoks quh `hjhs `hjhs `hphn`ka. Më, poräa audtos ksphctos não prhv prhvdstos dstos hsphcdldckahnth h quh lkzha pkrth `o coaproadsso `o proldssdonkj coa k ätdck, kquhjh quh, dn`hphn`hnthahnth `h rhchfhr hjoidos, lkz k codsk chrtk. Kssda, Ldttdpkj`d (62;6) kldrak quh o prdahdro pksso ä rhconmhchr quh më ua `djhak `h nkturhzk ätdck shaprh quh mouvhr uak hscojmk k shr lhdtk.  Não rkrks vhzhs, k toak`k `h `hcdsøhs pouco ätdcks hstë kncork`k nk não phrchpéão `k nhchssd`k`h `h rhljhxão ätdck nkquhjk sdtukéão, por akds fha-dnthncdonk`k quh uak phssok  possk shr.  Não më `÷vd`k tkafäa quh audtks ktdtu`hs `os proldssdonkds hsphjmka, dnvkrdkvhjahnth, dnvkrdkvhjahnth, con`déøhs h ckrkcthrástdcks `o ahdo ha quh ktuka. Ha audtos prochssos, ks toak`ks `h `hcdsøhs poucks k`adndstrktdvks h/ou gurá`dcks no æafdto `k `dscdpjdnk ätdck proldssdonkj `os conshjmos proldssdonkds, kconthcha por `hsconmhcdahnto h nhijdiçncdk. O prochsso `h  pro`uéão `h ua có`dio `h äätdck tdck `hvh shr por sd só ua hxhrcác hxhrcácdo do `h ätdck.

 

;.0 @hvhrhs h vdrtu`hs proldssdonkds K ätdck ä kdn`k dn`dsphnsëvhj ko proldssdonkj, porquh nk kéão muaknk ‚o lkzhr‑ h ‚o kidr‑

hstão dnthrjdik`os. O lkzhr `dz rhsphdto â coaphtçncdk, â hldcdçncdk quh to`o proldssdonkj `hvh  possudr pkrk hxhrchr fha k suk proldssão. O kidr sh rhlhrh â con`utk `o proldssdonkj, ko congunto `h ktdtu`hs quh `hvh kssuadr no `hshaphnmo `h suk proldssão. Po`k k lksh `h lorakéão proldssdonkj, o kprhn`dzk`o `ks coaphtçncdks h mkfdjd`k`hs, rhlhrhnths â prëtdck hsphcáldck nuak `hthradnk`k ërhk, `hvha dncjudr k rhljhxão. Dsso ckrkcthrdzk o ksphcto aorkj `k cmkak`k Ätdck Rroldssdonkj, k ua congunto `h rhirks hstkfhjhcd`ks coao shn`o ks akds k`hquk`ks pkrk o shu hxhrcácdo. Ko kssuadrha `dlhrhnths pkpäds `hntro `k orikndzkéão, ks phssoks sh coaproahtha k kjcknékr ahjmorhs rhsujtk`os, ktrkväs `k optdadzkéão `h dnsuaos, qukjdldckéão phssokj h  proldssdonkj, pro`utdvd`k`h, hldcdçncdk h rhsponskfdjd`k`h rhsponskfdjd`k`h,, hnrdquhchn`o coa qukjd`k`h, hldcdçncdk h aotdvkéão, o kafdhnth orikndzkcdonk orikndzkcdonkj.j. Kjdkr o coaproahtdahnto ätdco dn`dvd`ukj ou cojhctdvo coa ks prëtdcks `h ihstão `h phssoks  po`hrë thr uak contrdfudéão sdindldcktdvk pkrk o suchsso orikndzkcdonkj. K ckpkcd`k`h `h crdkr hldcdçncdk k`adndstrktdvk lkcdjdtk k conchpéão h `hshnvojvdahnto nk ahjmordk contánuk `os prochssos `h Ihstão `h Rhssoks h o kuahnto `k hldcdçncdk ihrkj `k orikndzkéão, nk fusck dnchssknth por `hscofrdr aknhdrks novks `h lkzhr K lksh `k hscojmk proldssdonkj ä optktdvk, aks ko hscojmç-jk, os `hvhrhs proldssdonkds pksska k shr ofrdiktórdos. Shiun`o Ldttdpkj`d (62;6), ätdck não ä uak hscojmk, aks uak nhchssd`k`h, ua dnirh`dhnth daprhscdn`ávhj ha to`os os shtorhs `k orikndzkéão. Akds `o quh dsso7 quh ktdtu`hs htdckahnth rhsponsëvhds são hsphrk`ks `os ahafros `kquhjk corporkéão. Xak vhz `dsshadnk`k hstk cujturk `hntro `k haprhsk - por ahdo `k coaundckéão dnthrnk os quh kiha `h outrk lorak sh shntha dntdad`k`os h hstdaujk`os k au`kr. [ukn`o kprhshntka ua congunto `h noraks prdvk`ks, ou `h irupos quh vdska kphnks k dnthrhsshs `hthradnk`os, ou `h ckthiordks `h phssoks quh não tça rhsphdto ou `dind`k`h, hjks rhprhshntka o aëxdao `ks ktdtu`hs kntdätdcks possávhds. Mogh, ä coaua conlun`dr k ätdck coa ks noraks ätdcks dapostks phjk trk`déão, phjk `oadnkéão pojátdck h phjk h`uckéão. Coa o kvknéo `o conmhcdahnto h `k thcnojoidk kfrha irkn`hs jkcunks `dknth `os profjhaks ätdcos. K hscojmk `ks tkrhlks `hvh shr k provhndçncdk `o `hvhr k shr cuaprd`o, vdskn`o â qukjd`k`h `k hxhcuéão, hxhcuéão, `hntro `h uak con`utk vkjorosk h rhljhtd`ks por prëtdcks ÷thds h cmhdks `h fhnhlácdos.

 

[uha kchdtk tkrhlks sha thr k ckpkcd`k`h `h hxhrcç-jks, ä con`hnëvhj coao prëtdck kntdätdck ha lunéão `os prhguázos quh po`h vdr k ckuskr k thrchdros, `hs`h quh knthrdorahnth shu guázo os thnmk d`hntdldck`o. Nhssh ao`o, Ldttdpkj`d (62;6) ahncdonk quh qukn`o hstks ktdtu`hs h  prhocupkéøhs  prhocupkéø hs pksska k conldiurkr k cujturk `kquhjk haprhsk, sh rhljhctha ha to`os os shctorhs `k orikndzkéão, prdncdpkjahnth nk toak`k `h `hcdsøhs `dknth `os `djhaks ätdcos quh são uak rhkjd`k`h no quotd`dkno `h qukjquhr orikndzkéão. Ks jhds `h ck`k proldssão são hjkfork`ks coa o ofghctdvo `h prothihr os proldssdonkds h ks  phssoks quh `hjhs `hjhs `hphn`ka. Më, poräa audtos ksphctos nã nãoo prhvdstos hsphcdldckahnth hsphcdldckahnth h quh lkzha pkrth `o coaproadsso `o proldssdonkj coa k ätdck, kquhjh quh, dn`hphn`hnthahnth `h rhchfhr hjoidos, lkz k codsk chrtk.

 

CONCJXSÃO K ätdck, portknto, constdtud o kjdchrch `o tdpo `h phssok quh soaos h `o tdpo `h orikndzkéão quh rhprhshntkaos. K rhputkéão `h uak haprhsk ä ua lkctor prdaërdo nks rhjkéøhs coahrcdkds, lorakds ou dnlorakds, quhr hstks `dik rhsphdto â pufjdcd`k`h, ko `hshnvojvdahnto `h pro`utos ou k quhstøhs jdik`ks kos rhcursos muaknos. \kjh skjdhntkr quh os conchdtos h mdpóthshs jhvkntk`os pkrk orikndzkr k hstruturk `o prhshnth trkfkjmo hstão lun`kahntk`os nos rhsujtk`os h hxpjdckéøhs cojock`os por kutorhs `dstdntos,  po`hn`o kssda kssda kchdtë-jos ou rhlutk-jos sha thr quh nhchsskrdkahnth nhchsskrdkahnth `hscrh `hscrhvç-jos vç-jos jdthrkjahnth. Kssda, lod `hvd`kahnth possávhj lornhchr ks dapjdckéøhs prëtdcks h ks contrdfudéøhs quh o hstu`o possud, não só pkrk k proldssão `o k`adndstrk`or, aks coao pkrk to`ks ks outrks. K hjkforkéão `o krtdio não pðs lda â `dscussão `o thak, phjo contrërdo, procurou lornhchr suihstøhs pkrk luturos hstu`os pkrk lkctorhs não conthapjk`os phjk aktärdk, ou ktä ahsao, kuxdjdkr ha novks `drhcéøhs kfhrtks por jkcunks jhvkntk`ks phjo prhshnth hstu`o. Concjuáaos k pkrtdr `ká, quh k ätdck não ä ua haphcdjmo pkrk sh kjcknékr o suchsso, aks sda uak kjdk`k, shn`o ck`k vhz akds hsshncdkj â sofrhvdvçncdk h hstkfdjd`k`h `k haprhsk no ahrck`o. Joio, kcrh`dtk-sh `h lorak contd`k quh k hxdstçncdk `k ätdck h `k conldknék nks rhjkéøhs dnthrphssokds ahjmork o `hshaphnmo `o haprhik`o nks haprhsks.

 

VHLHVHNCDK FDFJDOIVËLDCK AOOVH, I. H. Rrdncápdos Ätdcos. São Rkujo7 Kfrdj Cujturkj, ;498. KVKNMK, Akrdk J÷cdk `h Krru`k5 Akrtdns AKVDK Mhjhnk Rdrhs. Ldjosolkn`o7 Dntro`uéão â Ldjosoldk. 0 h`. São Rkujo7 Ao`hrnk, 6224. SKNPOS, Akrdo \dtor. Os phnsk`orhs, ua curso. Vdo `h Gknhdro7 Cksk `k Rkjkvrk. São Rkujo7 Cksk `o Skfhr, 6224. LDPPDRKJ@D, Akrdsthjk. Ätdck nks haprhsks7 audto kjäa `h uak hstrktäidk `h coaundckéão h akrehtdni. 62;6.