Elementos Resistivos
July 20, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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^dcvnrscemen @nenrmi en Omfpcdm Armden Ondtrh en Ocìdocms n Unodhihacm ‟ OOU ^dcemen Momeìfcom en @æscom ‟ ^M@ Ecsocpicdm< @æscom Nxpnrcfndtmi CC Uurfm< 2> Rrh`nsshr< Imnrshd Eumrtn Miudhs< Emdcih en _husm @nrrncrm ‟ =72==2703 Neumrem Rnrncrm em _civm ‟ ==:===?5= Dmymrm _mdths em Whojm ‟ ==3===?>3
NINFNDUH_ WN_C_UCPH_ ICDNMWN_ N NINFNDUH_ WN_C_UCPH_ DÏH ICDNMWN_
RWNRMWMÁÏH ‟ NWI n NWDI
=.
H ninfndth rnscstcvh icdnmr tnf ohfh ourvm omrmotnræstcom ufm rntm pmssmdeh pnim hrcanf eh arí`coh (C x P). H ninfndth rnscstcvh dïh icdnmr tnf rnscstìdocm mpmrndtn, vmrcmdeh en mohreh ohf qun h phtndocmi vmrcm, hu snlm, enpnden eh P
7.
Fhdtmanf m fhdtmdtn< ]un h rnscsthr qun vmc snr omrmotnrczmeh snlm fucth fmchr qun m rnscstìdocm eh mfpnræfntrh, pmrm qun sn tndjm phuoh nrrh dm incturm em vhitmanf eh scstnfm, nsgháh eh ocroucth mgmcxh<
Fhdtmanf m lusmdtn< ]un m rnscstìdocm eh vhitæfntrh snlm fucth fmchr qun m rnscstìdocm qun sn ensnlm omrmotnrczmr, nsgháh eh ocroucth mgmcxh<
Pnfhs ndtïh qun m prcfncrm mitnrdmtcvm, ojmfmem fhdtmanf m fhdtmdtn (vhitæfntrh mdtns eh mfpnræfntrh) eí rnsuitmehs fmcs prnocshs qumdeh m rnscstìdocm m fnecr ã fucth fmchr qun m rnscstìdocm cdtnrdm eh mfpnræfntrh; n m snaudem, ojmfmem fhdtmanf m lusmdtn (vhitæfntrh enphcs eh mfpnræfntrh) ã cdecomem pmrm hs omshs nf qun m rnscstìdocm cdtnrdm eh vhitæfntrh snlm fucth fmchr qun m rnscstìdocm m fnecr. Nstms eums ohdecáþns dïh sn nxoiunf. Dhs omshs nf qun mfgms snlmf smtcs`nctms, hs ehcs f fãthehs ãthehs emrïh rnsuitmehs smtcs`mtÿrchs.
?.
^f echeh ã uf ecsphsctcvh ohf ms omrmotnræstcoms en uf rntc`comehr. M omrmotnræstcom eh rntc`comehr ã qun nin pnrfctn qun m ohrrndtn pmssn `mocifndtn nf ufm ecrnáïh, fms ec`cocifndtn m encxm pmssmr dm ecrnáïh hphstm. M rnscstìdocm en phimrczmáïh phimrczmáïh e ecrntm crntm eh echeh dïh ã ohdstmdtn, ohdstmdtn, vmrcmdeh ohf m e.e.p., e.e.p., m qun nin ã sugfntceh. Hu snlm, h arí`coh CxP pmrm uf echeh dïh ã ufm icdjm rntm, fms scf ufm en cdoicdmáïh vmrcívni, ohfh fhstrm m `caurm mgmcxh<
Arí`coh (C x P) en uf echeh rnmi; H echeh phen snr ohdscenrmeh uf hglnth qun mprnsndtm rnscstìdocm en phimrczmáïh ecrntm W(e) qumsn duim, n rnscstìdocm en phimrczmáïh mitæsscfm W(c).
5.
Nspnrm-sn qun m rnscstìdocm mufndtn, phrqun hs orcstmcs eh fmtnrcmi ohdeuthr ohfnámf m sn mactmr/vcgrmr, ec`couitmdeh m pmssmanf ehs niãtrhds n ohdsnqundtnfndtn mufndtmdeh m rnscstìdocm m ohrrndtn eh fnsfh.
>.
P
72
52
02
:2
=22
=72
=52
=02
=:2
722
772
C
==,2
>,>
?,01
7,1>
7,7
=,:? =, :?
=,>1
=,?1
=,77
=,=
=,2
H arí`coh mgmcxh rnimochdm ms cdtndscemens en ohrrndtn (C) nf ehcs rnscsthrns M
n G ohf ms tndsþns (P) dnins mpicomems ℠
=/Wp 6 ¶ + =/?
Wp 6 0/>
Wp 6 =,7 ℠
RWHONECFNDUH NZRNWCFNDUMI - NWI n NWDI =. CDUWHE^ÁÏH CDUWHE^ÁÏH Hs ninfndths rnscstcvhs phenf snr ojmfmehs en icdnmrns n dïh icdnmrns. ^f ninfndth en rnscstìdocm icdnmr ã uf ninfndth nf qun m rmzïh ndtrn m e.e.p. mpicomem n m cdtndscemen em ohrrndtn C qun pmssm phr nin ã ohdstmdtn, csth ã< P/C 6 W 6 ohdstmdtn. Ojmfmfhs nssm ohdstmdtn en prhphrochdmicemen en "rnscstìdocm" eh ninfndth. Nstm rnimáïh ã ohdjnocem ohfh Inc en Hjf n m ourvm qun omrmotnrczm P x C pmrm tmcs ninfndths ã ufm rntm ohfh fhstrm h arí`coh<
(Ourvm omrmotnræstcom omrmotnræstcom en uf fmtnrcmi qun hgnenon m Inc en Hjf) Rmrm ninfndths en rnscstìdocm dïh icdnmrns, m rnimáïh ndtrn e.e.p. P mpicomeh n m ohrrndtn C qun pmssm phr nin dïh sïh ohdstmdtns. Rhrtmdth, nssns fmtnrcmcs dïh nstïh nf ohd`hrfcemen ohf m Inc en Hjf. Csth scadc`com qun m ourvm P x C dïh ã ufm rntm. Rmrm tmcs fmtnrcmcs phenfhs en`cdcr ufm ’rnscstìdocm mpmrndtn‖, mpmrndtn‖, m smgnr, m rnimáïh< W(mp) 6 P/C.
(Ourvm omrmotnræstcom omrmotnræstcom en uf fmtnrcmi qun dïh hgnenon m Inc en Hjf) 7. HGLNUCPH_ Nspnoc`comr ndtrn hs ninfndths en rnscstìdocm icdnmr n dïh icdnmr; mvmicmr nrrhs nf vhitæfntrhs n mfpnræfntrhs, vnrc`comr hs ehcs fãthehs en fnecáïh en rnscstìdocm mocfm; oimssc`comr qumi enins snrcm h fmcs mprhprcmeh pmrm ufm entnrfcdmem sctumáïh. Nf snaucem dh nxpnrcfndth, hgsnrvmr m ohdeutm en uf echeh prnsndtn dh ocroucth n mdmicsmr sn nstn ã uf ninfndth rnscstcvh icdnmr hu dïh icdnmr phr fnch eh nstueh em sum ourvm omrmotnræstcom; miãf ecssh prhourmr tmfgãf oimssc`comr qumi h fnijhr tcph en fhdtmanf pmrm m mvmicmáïh eh echeh.
?. FMUNWCMI ^UCIC\MEH Fuitæfntrh Fuitæfnt rh Mdmiÿacoh Fcdcpm NU ‟ ?2223 n _tmdemre _U ‟ >2>;
Fuitæfntrh Ecactmi Unktrhdcx EF7>2;
Rrmdojntm, fhenih eh imghrmtÿrch;
Wnscsthrns, omghs pmrm icamáïh, icamáïh, ufm pcijm; pcijm; @hdtn en tndsïh rnauiívni; rnauiívni; @ch jhfhaìdnh en =,2 f;
Rhtndocõfntrh;
Fcorhmfpnræfntrh Fcorhmfpnræfntrh (>2uM); ◈
Monssÿrchs en ohdnxïh.
5. RWHONECFNDUH_ NZRNWCFNDUMC_ ◈
Fhdtmanf m fhdtmdtn
Mdhthu-sn hs vmihrns en C n P pmrm omem rnscsthr `hrdnoceh. Ohf phtndocõfntrh R en 51 K ohihomeh cdcocmifndtn dm phscáïh en rnscstìdocm fíxcfm. Entnrfcdhu-sn tmfgãf m rnscstìdocm eh prÿprch mfpnræfntrh n `hc `ncth h arí`coh P x C entnrfcdmdeh tmfgãf sum cdoicdmáïh.
◈
Fhdtmanf m lusmdtn
Mdhthu-sn hs vmihrns en C n P pmrm omem rnscsthr `hrdnoceh. `hrdnoceh. H phtndocõfntrh phtndocõfntrh R en 51 K ohihomeh cdcocmifndtn dm phscáïh en rnscstìdocm fíxcfm, `hc `ncth h arí`coh P x C entnrfcdmdeh tmfgãf sum cdoicdmáïh.
◈
Invmdtmfndth em Ourvm Omrmotnræs Omrmotnræstcom tcom eh prÿprch fcicmfpnræfntrh
Fnecu-sn ndtïh m ohrrndtn n tndsïh dh fcicmfpnræfntrh, pmrm phenr `mznr uf invmdtmfndth em ourvm omrmotnræstcom eh fnsfh. Hs rnsuitmehs `hrmf mdhtmehs dm tmgnim CCC.
◈
Invmdtmfndth em Ourvm Omrmotnræs Omrmotnræstcom tcom en uf Ninfndth dïh icdnmr
Fhdthu-sn h ocroucth m fhdtmdtn pmrm hgtnr hs vmihrns em ohrrndtn n em tndsïh, ohf h echeh phimrczmeh dh iuamr em rnscstìdocm usmem mdtnrchrfndtn. Ohf h rnscsthr en 51Σ nf sãrcn ohf h echeh, fnecu-sn nf cdtnrvmihs caumcs hs vmihrns en C n P shgrn h echeh. Mdhthu-sn hs emehs dm Umgnim PC. Wnpntcu-sn hs prhonecfndths mdtnrchrns, fms ohf m fhdtmanf m lusmdtn, ndtïh mdhtmrmf mdhtmrmf hs emeh emehs s dm Umgnim PCC.
>. EN_NDPHIPCFNDUH N WN_^IUMEH_ >.= FHDUMANF M FHDUMDUN Umgnim = - W= 6 >02 C(fM)
2,=
2,7
2,?
2,5
2,>
2,0
2,1
2,:
2,3
=,2
P(fP) >1,: =72,0 =7:,5 7>>,: ?:?,2 ?:>,? 55>,2 >2?,2 >0?,2 071,2
Rnih arí`coh =, ohdscenrmdeh R= (=; 07>) n R7 (2,5; 7>2), tnf-sn< = 6
,
6 07>
Oíiouih eh ensvch pnrondtumi< = =6
⋎ =22 6 ==,0% ==,0%
Umgnim 7 - W7 6 =2 K Σ C(fM)
2,=
2,7
2,?
2,5
2,>
2,0
2,1
2,:
2,3
P(fP) 2,3?5 =,3?7 7,:33 5,212 >,==2 0,=52 1,=?2 :,212 3,2=2
=,2 =2,27
Rnih arí`coh ?, ohdscenrmdeh R= (2,:7>; :>22) n R7 (2,5>; 5>22), tnf-sn< 7 6
,,
6 =2222
Oíiouih eh ensvch pnrondtumi< 7 76
⋎ =2 =22 2 6 2%
Umgnim ? - Wnscstìdocm eh mfpnræfntrh C(fM)
2,=
2,7
2,?
2,5
2,>
2,0
2,1
2,:
2,3
=,2
P(fP)
>,0
==,3
=3,=
7>,=
?7,?
?:,5
5>,2
>=,2
>0,:
07,:
Rnih arí`coh 7, ohdscenrmdeh R= (2,3>; 02) n R7 (2,?>; 77,>), tnf-sn< 6
, ,,
6 07,>
>.7 FHDUMANF M L^_MDUN Umgnim 5 - W= 6 >02 Σ C(fM)
2,=
2,7
2,?
2,5
2,>
2,0
2,1
2,:
2,3
=,2
P(fP) 53,5 =21,5 =03,: 773,2 7:3,2 ?55,2 522,2 5>?,2 >20,2 >0=,2
Rnih arí`coh =, ohdscenrmdeh R= (2,:; 5>2) n R7 (2,5; 77>), tnf-sn< = 6
,,
6 >07,>
Oíiouih eh ensvch pnrondtumi< 5 56
,
⋎ =22 =22 6 2,5 2,55% 5%
Umgnim > - W7 6 =2 K Σ C(fM)
2,=
2,7
2,?
2,5
2,>
2,0
2,1
2,:
2,3
=,2
P(fP) 2,31
=,35
7,33
5,25
>,=7
0,=?
1,2:
:,20
:,30
3,35
Rnih arí`coh ?, ohdscenrmdeh R= (2,:7>; :>22) n R7 (2,5>; 5>22), tnf-sn< 7 6
,,
6 =2222
Oíiouih eh ensvch pnrondtumi< > >6
⋎ =2 =22 2 6 2%
>.? OMWMOUNWÆ_UCOM_ EN ^F ECHEH Umgnim 0 - Echeh fhdtmanf â fhdtmdtn f hdtmdtn C(fM)
5>2
>22
>>2
022
0>2
122
1>2
:22
P(fP) 2,25: 2,=7= 2,7>7 2,505 2,1?2 =,2>: =,52: =,135
:>2
322
=7,=3
-
:>2 -
322 -
Umgnim 0 - Echeh fhdtmanf â lusmdtn C(fM) P(fP)
5>2 2,25
>22 2,=?
>>2 2,?1
022 =,=7
0>2 ?,7=
122 :,>2
1>2 :22 72,05 5=,:2
0. OHDOI^_ÞN_ Enphcs en hgtnr m ourvm omrmotnræstcom n m rnscstìdocm eh arí`coh, vhoì phen dhtmr qun h ensvch pnrondtumi ehs ohfphdndtns m lusmdtn ã fndhr eh qun h ensvch pnrondtumi ehs ohfphdndtns m fhdtmdtn eh rnscsthr >02. Cssh phen snr nspnrmeh phrqun h vmihr em rnscstìdocm dïh snrí fucth fmchr eh qun m rnscstìdocm cdtnrdm eh mfpnræfntrh. Rhen-sn hgsnrvmr dh arí`coh 5 qun nf mfghs hs ohfphdndtns m rnimáïh ndtrn tndsïh n ohrrndtn dïh ã rnprnsndtmem phr ufm icdjm, h qun omrmotnrczm h echeh ohfh uf ninfndth en rnscstìdocm dïh icdnmr. Miãf ecssh, ohfh h vmihr em rnscstìdocm eh echeh ecrntmfndtn phimrczmeh ã gmcxh, ã fmcs menqumeh usmr ohfphdndtns m lusmdtn pmrm fnecr sum rnscstìdocm, h qun phen snr hgsnrvmeh pnih ohfphrtmfndth em ourvm.
1. MDNZH_ 1.= Arí`cohs Arí`coh = - Umgnims = n 5
Arí`coh 7 - Umgnim ?
Arí`coh ? - Umgnim 7 n >
Arí`coh 5 - Umgnim 5 n 1
Nqumáþns usmems pmrm hs oíiouihs ehs e hs arí`cohs Oíiouihs pmrm arí`coh ems tmgnims C n CP Nsomim nf Z (C) pmrm thems ms tmgnims
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