Elementos Resistivos

July 20, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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^dcvnrscemen @nenrmi en Omfpcdm Armden  Ondtrh en Ocìdocms n Unodhihacm ‟ OOU  ^dcemen Momeìfcom en @æscom ‟ ^M@  Ecsocpicdm< @æscom Nxpnrcfndtmi CC Uurfm< 2> Rrh`nsshr< Imnrshd Eumrtn Miudhs< Emdcih en _husm @nrrncrm ‟ =72==2703 Neumrem Rnrncrm em _civm ‟ ==:===?5= Dmymrm _mdths em Whojm ‟ ==3===?>3

NINFNDUH_ WN_C_UCPH_ ICDNMWN_ N NINFNDUH_ WN_C_UCPH_ DÏH ICDNMWN_ 

 

RWNRMWMÁÏH ‟ NWI n NWDI 

 

=.

H ninfndth rnscstcvh icdnmr tnf ohfh ourvm omrmotnræstcom ufm rntm pmssmdeh pnim hrcanf eh arí`coh (C x P). H ninfndth rnscstcvh dïh icdnmr tnf rnscstìdocm mpmrndtn, vmrcmdeh en mohreh ohf qun h phtndocmi vmrcm, hu snlm, enpnden eh P

 

7.

Fhdtmanf m fhdtmdtn< ]un h rnscsthr qun vmc snr omrmotnrczmeh snlm fucth fmchr qun m rnscstìdocm eh mfpnræfntrh, pmrm qun sn tndjm phuoh nrrh dm incturm em vhitmanf eh scstnfm, nsgháh eh ocroucth mgmcxh<

Fhdtmanf m lusmdtn< ]un m rnscstìdocm eh vhitæfntrh snlm fucth fmchr qun m rnscstìdocm qun sn ensnlm omrmotnrczmr, nsgháh eh ocroucth mgmcxh<

Pnfhs ndtïh qun m prcfncrm mitnrdmtcvm, ojmfmem fhdtmanf m fhdtmdtn (vhitæfntrh mdtns eh mfpnræfntrh) eí rnsuitmehs fmcs prnocshs qumdeh m rnscstìdocm m fnecr ã fucth fmchr qun m rnscstìdocm cdtnrdm eh mfpnræfntrh; n m snaudem, ojmfmem fhdtmanf m lusmdtn (vhitæfntrh enphcs eh mfpnræfntrh) ã cdecomem pmrm hs omshs nf qun m rnscstìdocm cdtnrdm eh vhitæfntrh snlm fucth fmchr qun m rnscstìdocm m fnecr. Nstms eums ohdecáþns dïh sn nxoiunf. Dhs omshs nf qun mfgms snlmf smtcs`nctms, hs ehcs f fãthehs ãthehs emrïh rnsuitmehs smtcs`mtÿrchs.

 

?.

^f echeh ã uf ecsphsctcvh ohf ms omrmotnræstcoms en uf rntc`comehr. M omrmotnræstcom eh rntc`comehr ã qun nin pnrfctn qun m ohrrndtn pmssn `mocifndtn nf ufm ecrnáïh, fms ec`cocifndtn m encxm pmssmr dm ecrnáïh hphstm.  M rnscstìdocm en phimrczmáïh phimrczmáïh e ecrntm crntm eh echeh dïh ã ohdstmdtn, ohdstmdtn, vmrcmdeh ohf m e.e.p., e.e.p., m qun nin ã sugfntceh. Hu snlm, h arí`coh CxP pmrm uf echeh dïh ã ufm icdjm rntm, fms scf ufm en cdoicdmáïh vmrcívni, ohfh fhstrm m `caurm mgmcxh<

 

  Arí`coh (C x P) en uf echeh rnmi; H echeh phen snr ohdscenrmeh uf hglnth qun mprnsndtm rnscstìdocm en phimrczmáïh ecrntm W(e) qumsn duim, n rnscstìdocm en phimrczmáïh mitæsscfm W(c).

 

5.

Nspnrm-sn qun m rnscstìdocm mufndtn, phrqun hs orcstmcs eh fmtnrcmi ohdeuthr ohfnámf m sn mactmr/vcgrmr, ec`couitmdeh m pmssmanf ehs niãtrhds n ohdsnqundtnfndtn mufndtmdeh m rnscstìdocm m ohrrndtn eh fnsfh.

 

>.



72 

52 

02 

:2 

=22 

=72 

=52 

=02 

=:2 

722 

772 



==,2

>,>

?,01

7,1>

7,7

=,:? =, :?

=,>1

=,?1

=,77

=,=

=,2

H arí`coh mgmcxh rnimochdm ms cdtndscemens en ohrrndtn (C) nf ehcs rnscsthrns M

n G ohf ms tndsþns (P) dnins mpicomems ℠

=/Wp 6 ¶ + =/?

Wp 6 0/>

Wp 6 =,7 ℠

 

RWHONECFNDUH NZRNWCFNDUMI - NWI n NWDI  =. CDUWHE^ÁÏH CDUWHE^ÁÏH  Hs ninfndths rnscstcvhs phenf snr ojmfmehs en icdnmrns n dïh icdnmrns. ^f ninfndth en rnscstìdocm icdnmr ã uf ninfndth nf qun m rmzïh ndtrn m e.e.p. mpicomem n m cdtndscemen em ohrrndtn C qun pmssm phr nin ã ohdstmdtn, csth ã< P/C 6 W 6 ohdstmdtn. Ojmfmfhs nssm ohdstmdtn en prhphrochdmicemen en "rnscstìdocm" eh ninfndth. Nstm rnimáïh ã ohdjnocem ohfh Inc en Hjf n m ourvm qun omrmotnrczm P x C pmrm tmcs ninfndths ã ufm rntm ohfh fhstrm h arí`coh<

(Ourvm omrmotnræstcom omrmotnræstcom en uf fmtnrcmi qun hgnenon m Inc en Hjf)  Rmrm ninfndths en rnscstìdocm dïh icdnmrns, m rnimáïh ndtrn e.e.p. P mpicomeh n m ohrrndtn C qun pmssm phr nin dïh sïh ohdstmdtns. Rhrtmdth, nssns fmtnrcmcs dïh nstïh nf ohd`hrfcemen ohf m Inc en Hjf. Csth scadc`com qun m ourvm P x C dïh ã ufm rntm. Rmrm tmcs fmtnrcmcs phenfhs en`cdcr ufm ’rnscstìdocm mpmrndtn‖, mpmrndtn‖, m smgnr, m rnimáïh< W(mp) 6 P/C.

(Ourvm omrmotnræstcom omrmotnræstcom en uf fmtnrcmi qun dïh hgnenon m Inc en Hjf)  7. HGLNUCPH_  Nspnoc`comr ndtrn hs ninfndths en rnscstìdocm icdnmr n dïh icdnmr; mvmicmr nrrhs nf vhitæfntrhs n mfpnræfntrhs, vnrc`comr hs ehcs fãthehs en fnecáïh en rnscstìdocm mocfm; oimssc`comr qumi enins snrcm h fmcs mprhprcmeh pmrm ufm entnrfcdmem sctumáïh. Nf snaucem dh nxpnrcfndth, hgsnrvmr m ohdeutm en uf echeh prnsndtn dh ocroucth n mdmicsmr sn nstn ã uf ninfndth rnscstcvh icdnmr hu dïh icdnmr phr fnch eh nstueh em sum ourvm omrmotnræstcom; miãf ecssh prhourmr tmfgãf oimssc`comr qumi h fnijhr tcph en fhdtmanf pmrm m mvmicmáïh eh echeh.

 

?. FMUNWCMI ^UCIC\MEH    Fuitæfntrh Fuitæfnt rh Mdmiÿacoh Fcdcpm NU ‟ ?2223 n _tmdemre _U ‟ >2>;



  Fuitæfntrh Ecactmi Unktrhdcx EF7>2;



  Rrmdojntm, fhenih eh imghrmtÿrch;



  Wnscsthrns, omghs pmrm icamáïh, icamáïh, ufm pcijm; pcijm; @hdtn en tndsïh rnauiívni; rnauiívni; @ch jhfhaìdnh en =,2 f;



  Rhtndocõfntrh;



  Fcorhmfpnræfntrh Fcorhmfpnræfntrh (>2uM); ◈



Monssÿrchs en ohdnxïh.

5. RWHONECFNDUH_ NZRNWCFNDUMC_  ◈

Fhdtmanf m fhdtmdtn 

 Mdhthu-sn hs vmihrns en C n P pmrm omem rnscsthr `hrdnoceh. Ohf phtndocõfntrh R en 51 K ohihomeh cdcocmifndtn dm phscáïh en rnscstìdocm fíxcfm. Entnrfcdhu-sn tmfgãf m rnscstìdocm eh prÿprch mfpnræfntrh n `hc `ncth h arí`coh P x C entnrfcdmdeh tmfgãf sum cdoicdmáïh.



Fhdtmanf m lusmdtn 

 Mdhthu-sn hs vmihrns en C n P pmrm omem rnscsthr `hrdnoceh. `hrdnoceh. H phtndocõfntrh phtndocõfntrh R en 51 K ohihomeh cdcocmifndtn dm phscáïh en rnscstìdocm fíxcfm, `hc `ncth h arí`coh P x C entnrfcdmdeh tmfgãf sum cdoicdmáïh.



Invmdtmfndth em Ourvm Omrmotnræs Omrmotnræstcom tcom eh prÿprch fcicmfpnræfntrh 

Fnecu-sn ndtïh m ohrrndtn n tndsïh dh fcicmfpnræfntrh, pmrm phenr `mznr uf invmdtmfndth em ourvm omrmotnræstcom eh fnsfh. Hs rnsuitmehs `hrmf mdhtmehs dm tmgnim CCC.



Invmdtmfndth em Ourvm Omrmotnræs Omrmotnræstcom tcom en uf Ninfndth dïh icdnmr  

Fhdthu-sn h ocroucth m fhdtmdtn pmrm hgtnr hs vmihrns em ohrrndtn n em tndsïh, ohf h echeh phimrczmeh dh iuamr em rnscstìdocm usmem mdtnrchrfndtn. Ohf h rnscsthr en 51Σ nf sãrcn ohf h echeh, fnecu-sn nf cdtnrvmihs caumcs hs vmihrns en C n P shgrn h echeh. Mdhthu-sn hs emehs dm Umgnim PC. Wnpntcu-sn hs prhonecfndths mdtnrchrns, fms ohf m fhdtmanf m  lusmdtn, ndtïh mdhtmrmf mdhtmrmf hs emeh emehs s dm Umgnim PCC.

 

>. EN_NDPHIPCFNDUH N WN_^IUMEH_  >.= FHDUMANF M FHDUMDUN  Umgnim = - W= 6 >02 C(fM) 

2,= 

2,7 

2,? 

2,5 

2,> 

2,0 

2,1 

2,: 

2,3 

=,2 

P(fP)  >1,:  =72,0  =7:,5  7>>,:  ?:?,2  ?:>,?  55>,2  >2?,2  >0?,2  071,2 

Rnih arí`coh =, ohdscenrmdeh R= (=; 07>) n R7 (2,5; 7>2), tnf-sn< = 6

 ,

  6 07> 

Oíiouih eh ensvch pnrondtumi< =  =6

 

  ⋎ =22 6 ==,0% ==,0% 

Umgnim 7 - W7 6 =2 K Σ C(fM) 

2,= 

2,7 

2,? 

2,5 

2,> 

2,0 

2,1 

2,: 

2,3 

P(fP)  2,3?5  =,3?7  7,:33  5,212  >,==2  0,=52  1,=?2  :,212  3,2=2 

=,2  =2,27 

Rnih arí`coh ?, ohdscenrmdeh R= (2,:7>; :>22) n R7 (2,5>; 5>22), tnf-sn< 7 6

 ,,

  6 =2222 

Oíiouih eh ensvch pnrondtumi< 7  76

 

  ⋎ =2 =22 2 6 2% 

Umgnim ? - Wnscstìdocm eh mfpnræfntrh C(fM) 

2,= 

2,7 

2,? 

2,5 

2,> 

2,0 

2,1 

2,: 

2,3 

=,2 

P(fP) 

>,0 

==,3 

=3,= 

7>,= 

?7,? 

?:,5 

5>,2 

>=,2 

>0,: 

07,: 

Rnih arí`coh 7, ohdscenrmdeh R= (2,3>; 02) n R7 (2,?>; 77,>), tnf-sn<  6

, ,,

 6 07,>  

 

>.7 FHDUMANF M L^_MDUN Umgnim 5 - W= 6 >02 Σ C(fM) 

2,= 

2,7 

2,? 

2,5 

2,> 

2,0 

2,1 

2,: 

2,3 

=,2 

P(fP)  53,5  =21,5  =03,:  773,2  7:3,2  ?55,2  522,2  5>?,2  >20,2  >0=,2 

Rnih arí`coh =, ohdscenrmdeh R= (2,:; 5>2) n R7 (2,5; 77>), tnf-sn< = 6

 ,,

 6 >07,> 

Oíiouih eh ensvch pnrondtumi< 5  56

, 

  ⋎ =22 =22 6 2,5 2,55% 5% 

Umgnim > - W7 6 =2 K Σ C(fM) 

2,= 

2,7 

2,? 

2,5 

2,> 

2,0 

2,1 

2,: 

2,3 

=,2 

P(fP)  2,31 

=,35 

7,33 

5,25 

>,=7 

0,=? 

1,2: 

:,20 

:,30 

3,35 

Rnih arí`coh ?, ohdscenrmdeh R= (2,:7>; :>22) n R7 (2,5>; 5>22), tnf-sn< 7 6

 ,,

  6 =2222 

Oíiouih eh ensvch pnrondtumi< >  >6

 

  ⋎ =2 =22 2 6 2% 

>.? OMWMOUNWÆ_UCOM_ EN ^F ECHEH  Umgnim 0 - Echeh fhdtmanf â fhdtmdtn f hdtmdtn C(fM) 

5>2 

>22 

>>2 

022 

0>2 

122 

1>2 

:22 

P(fP)  2,25:  2,=7=  2,7>7  2,505  2,1?2  =,2>:  =,52:  =,135 

:>2 

322 

=7,=3 



:>2  - 

322  - 

Umgnim 0 - Echeh fhdtmanf â lusmdtn C(fM)  P(fP) 

5>2  2,25 

>22  2,=? 

>>2  2,?1 

022  =,=7 

0>2  ?,7= 

122  :,>2 

1>2  :22  72,05  5=,:2 

 

0. OHDOI^_ÞN_  Enphcs en hgtnr m ourvm omrmotnræstcom n m rnscstìdocm eh arí`coh, vhoì phen dhtmr qun h ensvch pnrondtumi ehs ohfphdndtns m lusmdtn ã fndhr eh qun h ensvch pnrondtumi ehs ohfphdndtns m fhdtmdtn eh rnscsthr >02. Cssh phen snr nspnrmeh phrqun h vmihr em rnscstìdocm dïh snrí fucth fmchr eh qun m rnscstìdocm cdtnrdm eh mfpnræfntrh. Rhen-sn hgsnrvmr dh arí`coh 5 qun nf mfghs hs ohfphdndtns m rnimáïh ndtrn tndsïh n ohrrndtn dïh ã rnprnsndtmem phr ufm icdjm, h qun omrmotnrczm h echeh ohfh uf ninfndth en rnscstìdocm dïh icdnmr. Miãf ecssh, ohfh h vmihr em rnscstìdocm eh echeh ecrntmfndtn phimrczmeh ã gmcxh, ã fmcs menqumeh usmr ohfphdndtns m lusmdtn pmrm fnecr sum rnscstìdocm, h qun phen snr hgsnrvmeh pnih ohfphrtmfndth em ourvm.

 

1. MDNZH_  1.= Arí`cohs  Arí`coh = - Umgnims = n 5 

Arí`coh 7 - Umgnim ? 

 

Arí`coh ? - Umgnim 7 n > 

Arí`coh 5 - Umgnim 5 n 1 

 

Nqumáþns usmems pmrm hs oíiouihs ehs e hs arí`cohs  Oíiouihs pmrm arí`coh ems tmgnims C n CP Nsomim nf Z (C) pmrm thems ms tmgnims
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