Elementos de La Economia Del Transporte

 

CLCDCFQKX AC LJ CHKFKDÄJ ACL QWJFX^KWQC. SFMPCWXMAJA ^KLMQÍHFMHJ ACL PJLLC AC DÍ_MHK.

 

CHKFKDÄJ ACL QWJFX^KWQC. DJCXQWK2 BKJZSÄF PJRZSCR OCWFÊFACR. JLSDFJ2 IJLMHMJ XÊFHOCR @ÊQMDJ FCLL]. DJQWÄHSLJ2 :8:?>0?>83. IWS^K2 ?:1>0>:. MFICFMCWÄJ CF LKIÄXQMHJ ] QWJFX^KWQC.

 

MFQWKASHHMØF.

Lj Chkfkdäj acl Qrjfspkrtc cs lj rjdj ac lj tckräj chkfødmhj quc sc khupj acl schtkr trjfspkrtc, y quc cstuamj cl hkfbuftk ac clcdcftks y prmfh prm fhmp mpmk mkss qu quc c rmi rmicf cf cl tr trjf jfsp spkrt krtc c ac pc pcrs rskfj kfjss y gmc gmcfc fcs, s, y qu quc c hkftrmguycf j lj vmaj chkfødmhj y skhmjl ac lks pucglks.

 

CLCD CDCF CFQQKX CF CH CHKF KFKD KDÄJ ÄJ CL ACL QWJFX^KWQC.

 

:-.QCHFKLKIÄJ AC ^WKASHHMØF2 LJ MF@WJCXQWSHQSWJ ] LKX XCWPMHMKX. Cl trjfspkrtc pucac ac`mfmrsc hkdk cl dkvmdmcftk ac pcrskfjs y dcrhjfhäjs j lk ljrik acl cspjhmk `äsmhk dcamjftc trcs dkaks prmfhmpjlcs2 tcrrcstrc, jírck k djrätmdk,k djrätmdk, k jliufj hkdgmfjhmøf ac ístks.

 

ACFQWK AC LJ MFASXQWMJ C_MXQCF AKX QM^KX AC JHQMPMAJACX2

 

Ktrjs ducvcf lks  vcoähulks quc utmlmzjf csjs mf`rjcstruhturjs pjrj prkau pr kauhmr hmr lks scrv scrvmhm mhmks ks ac trjfspkrtc (fjvmcrjs, läfcjs jírcjs, cdprcsjs ac jutkguscs, jutkg uscs, cth.)

 

LJX AM@CWCFHMJX CFQWC LKX AMPCWXKX DKAKX AC QWJFX^KWQC XC ACGCF CF IWJF ^JW JWQC QC J DK DKQM QMP PKX QC QCHF HFKL KLØI ØIMH MHKX KX..

 

7-. SF MF^SQ GÊXMHK2 CL QMCD^K AC LKX SXSJWMKX Lj cxmstcfhmj ac uf mfput `ufajdcftjl, fchcsjrmk pjrj lj prkauhhmøf ac lks scrvmhmks ac trjfspkrtc2 cl tmcdpk ac lks usujrmks (]j scj hkdk pjsjbcrks k hk hkdk dk pr prkp kpmc mctj tjrmk rmkss ac lj ljss dc dcrh rhjf jfhä häjs js qu quc c sk skf f trjfspkrtjajs).

 

js achmscstêf mkfcs duy skgmf`lumajs rc lj pkr acd jftmcdpks aj ac Ltrjfspkrtc lks cf hjaj dkak, dkak, jacdês ac pkr ljs prc`crcfhmjs prc`crcfhmjs ac lks mfamvmauks y ljs tjrm`js.

 

Cf cl trjfspkrtc ac dcrhjfhäjs cl tmcdpk mfvcrtmak cs tjdgmíf mdpkrtjftc, yj quc lj rjp jpma macz cz y `m `mjg jgml mlma maja ja ac lj ljss cf cftr trci cijs js cs cstê tê mf mfvc vcrs rsjd jdcf cftc tc rcl cljh jhmk mkfj fjaj aj hk hkf f cl hk hkst stc c ac djftcfcr uf stkhe actcrdmfjak ac dcrhjfhäj.

 

8-. HJWJHQCWÄXQMHJX AC LKX XCWPMHMKX2 FK JLDJHCFJGMLMAJA C MFAMPMXMGMLMAJACX Lj mdpksmgmlmaja ac su jldjhcfjdmcftk, hujfak ufj cdprcsj pkfc cf hmrhuljhmøf vcoähulk hkf ufcf actcrdmfjak ac pljzjs, csj k`crtj uf acgc hkfsudmrsc cl dkdcftkfòdcrk cf quc sc cstê prkauhmcfak cl scrvmhmk k sc pmcrac mrrcdcamjglcdcftc.

 

Xm uf ufjj cd cdpr prcs csjj pk pkfc fc cf hm hmrrhu hulj ljhm hmøf øf dê dêss  vcoähulks ac lks fchcsjrmks, lj djy djykräj kräj ac cllks rcjlmzjrê lks vmjbcs hjsm vjhäks, hkf cl hkfsmiumcftc acrrkhoc ac rchursks. rchursks...

 

acdjf jfaj aj ac tr trjf jfsp spkr krtc tc fk su suclc clc sc scrr Lj acd ufm`k uf m`krd rdc c j lk lj ljri rik k ac acll aäj aäj,, cx cxms mstm tmcfa cfak k am`crcfhmjs cftrc aäjs ac lj scdjfj k ípkhjs acl júk. ^jrj cvmtjr prkglcdjs ac acsjgjstchmdmcftk j lks usujrmks, ufj cdprcsj quc prkauzhj scrvmhm scr vmhmks ks ac trj trjfsp fspkrt krtc c acgc amsp amspkfcr kfcr ac su`mh su `mhmcf mcftc tcss vc vcoä oähul hulks ks pjr pjrjj jt jtcf cfacr acr j lj acdj ac djfa fajj cf su suss dk dkdc dcft ftks ks dê dêss jl jltk tkss (icfcr (ic fcrjld jldcft cftc c acf acfkdmf kdmfjak jakss pcrm pcrmkaks kaks u okrjs “puftj—). Cf lj ljss smt mtu ujh jhmk mkfc fcss ac ac acdj djfa fajj gj gjbj bj (pcrmkaks   “vjllc—),  pjrtc ac csks vcoähulks fk cstjrêf hmrhuljfak, pcrk lj cdprcsj acgc skpkrtjr lks hkstcs `mbks ac lj `lktj hkdplctj aurjftc tkajs ljs okrjs acl aäj.

 

Lj mfamvmsmgmlmaja jpjrchc hujfak ufj cdprcsj fk pucac judcftjr su prkauhhmøf ac `krdj hkftmfuj, smfk pkr glkqucs actcrdmfjaks ac prkauhtk. prkauhtk.

 

Qj Qjftk ftk ljs hjr hjrjht jhtcrä crästmh stmhjs js ac lj acdjfaj (vjrmjgmlmaja tcdpkrjl y pr prc`cr c`crcfh cfhmjs mjs ac lks usu usujrmk jrmks) s) hkdk hk dk lj ljss ac lj tc tchf hfkl klki kiäj äj ac prka pr kauh uhhm hmøf øf ac sc scrv rvmh mhmk mkss ac tr trjf jfsp spkrt krtc c (m (mdp dpks ksmg mgml mlma maja ja ac jldjhcfjdmcftk, mfamvmsmgmlmajacs) hkfamhmkfjf ac `krdj mdpkrtjftc lj cstruhturj ac hkst hk stcs cs `m `mbk bkss ac lj ljss cd cdpr prcs csjs js prkvccakrjs ac scrvmhmks, yj quc j`cht j`c htjf jf smi smifm fm`m `mhj hjtm tmvj vjdc dcft ftc c jl tjdjúk lj hkdpksmhmøf ac sus `lktjs acyvcoähulks.

 

1-. MFPCWXMØF Ø^QMDJ CF MF@WJCXQWSHQSWJX. Xc rc`mcrc rc`mcrc j ljs hjrjhtcrästmhjs ac ljs mf`rjcstruhturjs mf`rjcstruhturjs (hjrrctcr (hjrrctcrjs, js, väjs `írrcjs,pucrtks, `írrcjs, pucrtks, jcrkpucrtks) fchcsjrmjs pjrj cl acsjrrkllk ac cstj jhtmvmaja, jhtmvmaja, y pjrtmhuljrdcftc j lks prkglcdjs quc pljftcj lj achmsmøf skgrc huêl acgc scr su hjpjhmaja øptmdj y hødk acgcf acgcf `mfjfhmjrsc `mfjfhmjrsc sus hkstcs.

 

Ljs mf`rjcstruhturjs bucijf uf pjpcl mdpkrtjftc cf lj mfau mf aust rmj aclclc l tr trjf jfsp spkrt krtc c fmtua yjuaqu quc c ac acst stjh jhjf jf sus ljss lj rclj cljtm tmvj vjssstrmj j ljac clcvj vjaj aj djifmt dji quc tmcfcf tmc fcf hkstcs hks tcs ac hkf hkfstru struhhm hhmøf øf,, lks mdp mdpkrt krtjft jftcs cs c`c c`chtk htkss dcamkjdgmcftjlcs quc hjusjf cf cl cftkrfk akfac sc hkfstruycf, su mf`lucfhmj skgrc lks tmcdpks ac  vmjbc ac lks usujrmks y skgrc lks cqumlmgrmks quc sc prkauhcf cf cl rcpjrtk ac vmjbcrks cftrc amstmftks dkaks .

 

HJWJHQCWÄXQMHJX HKDSFCX HKF LKX XCWPMHMKX. ❚   Hjpjhmaja

lmdmtjaj2 Sfj mf`rjcstruhturj ac trjfspkrtc dcamaj cf cstc hjsk pkr cl dêxmdk fòdcrk ac usujrmks quc pucacf utmlmzjrlj jl dmsdk tmcdpk.

 

CBCD^LK2 ^jrj judcftjr lj hjpjhmaja ac ufj hjrrctcrj ojy quc hkfstrumr uf hjrrml jamhmkfjl, k pjrj quc uf jcrkpucrtk pucaj jhkdkajr dês llcijajs y sjlmajs ac jvmkfcs ojy quc hkfstrumr ufj fucvj fucvj pmstj ac jtcrrmzjbc.

 

❚

  scrvmhmks2 Clcdc Clc dcft ftks ks am am`cr `crcf cfhm hmjl jlcs cs hk hkf f rcs cspc pcht htk k j lk lkss

Ljs mf`rjcstruhturjs ac trjfspkrtc sc hjrjhtcrmzjf pkr icfcrjr hkstcs `mbks ac hjrêhtcr mrrchupcrjglc, yj quc lks jhtmvks rjrjdcftc pucacf acstmfjrsc j fmfi fm fiòf òf kt ktrrk us usk k qu quc c fk sc scjj jq jquc ucll pj pjrrj cl qu quc c `ucrkf hkfstrumaks.

 

Lj rcftjgmlmaja skhmjl ac ufj mf`rjcstruhturj  vj j acpcfacr `ucrtcdcftc acl vkludcf ac acdjfaj. Fk cs su`mhmcftc quc lj mf`rjcstruhturj k cl fucv fu cvk k vc vcoäh oähulk ulk jok jokrr rrc c tmc tmcdpk dpk22 tmc tmcfc fc quc jokrrêr jok rrêrscl sclk k j uf fòd fòdcr crk k su` su`mhm mhmcft cftcdc cdcftc ftc jltk ac usujrmks y quc ístks cstíf amspucstks j pjijr pkr amhok jokrr rrk k cl hkstc ac kpkrtufmaja skhmjl cf cl quc sc mfhurrc pjrj hkfsciumr amhoj rcauhhmøf.

 

3-. HKD^CQCFHMJ LMDMQJAJ ] FCHCXMAJA AC WCISLJHMØF. Sf clcdcftk hjrjhtcrästmhk ac ljs mf`rjcstruhturjs mf`rjcstruhturjs ac trjfspkrtc cs lj fchcsmajacspjhmk ac quc vjrmks vcoähulks (k cdprcsjs) lmdmtjak pjrj lj prkauhhmøf achkdpjrtjf scrvmhmks. uf dmsdk

 

Cst stc c `j `jht htkr kr tm tmcf cfc c uf ufjj md mdp pkr krtj tjfh fhmj mj hru ruhhmj mjll hujfak sc jfjlmzj lj cstruhturj ac lks dcrhjaks ac trjfspkrtc, yj quc hkfamhmkfj lj pksm pk smgm gmlm lmaj aja a ac qu quc c cxm xmst stjf jf k fk cd cdpr prcs csjs js hkdpctmakrjs quc k`crtcf uf dmsdk tmpk ac scrvmhmk.

 

Cf ljs mf`rjcstruhturjs hkdk cf ljs väjs `írrcjs, jliufks pucrtks, jcrkpucrtks y hjrrctcrjs hkfhcsmkfjajs, lj rciuljhmøf smiuc smcfak fchcsjrmj pjrj cvmtjr cl jgusk ac pksmhmøf akdmfjftc.

 

Cl ir irja jak k ac rci ciul uljh jhmø møf f ac acgc gc sc scrr cl su su`m `mhm hmcft cftc c pj pjrrj hkfsciumr lks kgbctmvks skhmjlcs quc sc pcrsmijf, pcrk hkfsmacrjfak tjdgmíf cxplähmtjdcftc lks hkstcs amr amrchtks chtks c mfamrchtks quc tmcfc tkaj mftcrvcfhmøf pòglmhj cf lks dcrhjaks.

 

C@CHQKX AC WCA. 0-. C@CHQKX

Hujfak lj utmlmaja ac uf gmcf acpcfac acl fòdcrk tktjl ac hkfsudmakrcs k usujrmks quc ojhcf usk acl dmsdk k ac gmcfcs smdmljrcs. Cstjs chkfkdäjs ac rca cstêf prcscftcs cf cl trjfspkrtc, tjftk cf ljs mf`rjcstruhturjs (rcacs `crrkvmjrmjs k ac hjrrctcrjs) hkdk cf lks scrvmhmks, amscújaks hkdk hkfbuftks ac läfcjs rciuljr rciuljrcs cs ac trjfspkrtc (rutjs jírc jírcjs js k läfcjs ac jutkguscs), puftks ac hkfcxmøf y `rchucfhmj ac lks vcoähulks.

 

Cstks c`chtks ac rca acgcf tcfcrsc cf hucftj tjftk jl cv cvjlujr jlujr lks gcfc`mhmks quc supkfc lj cftrjaj cf scrvmhmk ac ufj fucvj mf`rjcstruhturj hkdk pjrj cl amscúk ac su hjpjhmaja.

 

Cstks c`chtks ac rca acgcf tcfcrsc cf hucftj tjftk jl cvjlujr lks gcfc`mhmks quc supkfc lj cftrjaj cf scrv rvmmhmk ac ufj fucvj mf`rjcst mf`r jcstruhtu ruhturj rj hkdk pjr pjrjj cl amscúk ac su hjpjhmaja, pkrquc cl fòdcrk ac usujrmks quc `mfjldcftc lj utml ut mlmh mhc c pu puca cac c sc scrr du duho hok k djykr jl mfm fmhhmjldcftc hkfsmacrjak.

 

9-. C_QCWFJ C_QCWFJLMAJACX LMAJACX FCIJ FCIJQMP QMPJX. JX. C`chtks hjusjaks cf cl dcamkjdgmcftc2 ^kr lj hkfstruhhmøf ac mf`rjcstruhturjs ac trjfspkrtc, lj utmlmzjhmøf ac uf cspjhmk `äsmhk pjrj lkhjlmzjr cstks jhtmvks rcqumcrc cl hkfsudk ac actcrdmfjaks rchursks fjturjlcs (tmcrr (tm crrj, j, acs acsväk väk ac hur hursks sks fjt fjtur urjlc jlcss ac jiu jiuj, j, cdp cdpkgr kgrchm chmdmc dmcftk ftk acl pjm pjmsjb sjbc, c, c`ch c`chtks tks gjrrcrj pjrj lks oêgmtjts fjturjlcs, cth.), quc acgcf scr vjlkrjaks cf ljs achmsmkfcs ac mfvcrsmøf y huyk mdpjhtk acgc trjtjr ac dmfmdmzjrsc. ❚

 

Hujf jfak ak sc cvjl jlòj òj lj dj djif ifmt mtua ua ac lk lkss Hu ajúks hjusjaks y cl fòdcrk ac pcrskfjs j`chtjajs, lks c`chtks cxtcrfks skf mfhlusk dêss md dê mdpk pkrtj rtjft ftcs cs qu quc c lk lkss ac acrm rmvj vjak akss ac hkfstruhhmøf ac mf`rjcs mf`rjcstruhturjs. truhturjs.

 

Cxmstcf trcs cxtcrfjlmajacs icfcrjajs pkr lks scrvmhmks ac trjfspkrtc2 ❚  Lj hkftjdmfjhmøf jtdks`írmhj. ❚  Cl rumak. ❚  Lks

jhhmacftcs.

 

Lj cx cxtc tcrf rfjl jlma maja ja scufj pr prka kauh uhc c pk pkr rquc quctmcfc hjaj hjajcf us usuj ujrm rmk k,cljlhkstc tkd tkdquc jr su achmsmøf ac utmlmzjr hjrr hjrrctcrj, ctcrj, sølk hucftj lc supk su pkfc fc cl tm tmcd cdpk pk quc quc vj j cd cdpl plcj cjrr cf cl vm vmjb jbc, c, dês dês cl hk hkst stc c dkfctjrmk ac utmlmzjhmøf acl vcoähulk, pcrk fk vjlkrj quc jl hmrhuljr hkf su jutkdøvml cstê ojhmcfak quc cl trê`mhk scj dcfks `lumak pjrj tkaks lks usujrmks.

 

?-. HKXQCX ACL ^WKASHQKW, HKXQCX ACL SXSJWMK ] HKXQCX XKHMJLCX2 »ZSMÍF ACGC ^JIJWLKX; Cf lj prkauhhmøf ac hujlqumcr scrvmhmk ac trjfspkrtc sc icfcrjf trcs trcs tmpks ac hkstcs2 ❚  Lks acl prkauhtkr. usujrmks. ❚   Lks ac lks usujrmks. ❚  Lks

hkstcs cxtcrfks.

 

❚  Zuc

Lj achm achmsm smøf øf skgr skgrc c hødk hødk acgc acgcf f pjijrsc cstks hkstcs cs ufj ac ljs dês trjshcfacftjlcs acftrk ac lj pklätmhj chkfødmhj acl trjfspkrtc.

lks hkstcs cxtcrfks fk sc mftcrfjlmhcf, cs achmr, quc ljs cdprcsjs y lks prkpmctjrmks ac jutkdøvmlcs prmvjaks quc icfcrjf hkftjdmfjhmøf k rumak fk pjiucf amhoks hkstcs.

❚   Zuc

fk scj cl hkftr hkftrmguy mguycftc cftc qumcf `mfjfhmc lj hkfstruhhmøf ac ufj mf`rjcstruhturj pòglmhj, cf huyk hjsk sc cfhjrchcrê lj utmlmzjhmøf ac lks scrvmhmks ac trjfspkrtc quc rcqumcrjf ac amhoj mf`rjcstruhturj pjrj su `ufhmkfjdmcftk.

 

Lks hk Lks hkst stcs cs ac acll pr prka kauh uhtk tkrr ac sc scrvm rvmhm hmks ks ac tr trjf jfsp spkrt krtc c mfhluycf lks ijstks cf lks quc pucaj mfhurrmrsc pkr cl usk ac ljs mf`rjcstruhturjs, jsä hkdk lks hkstcs vjrmjglcs ac pcrskfjl y cfcriäj y ktrks hkstcs `mbks cf lks quc sc mfhurrc pkr tcfcr ufj `lktj ac vcoähulks cf `ufhmkfjdmcftk.

 

=-. KGLMIJHMKFCX AC XCWPMHMK ^ÒGLMHK. Cl trjfspkrtc rtc cs uf scrv rvmmhmk fchcsjrmk rmk pjrj tkaks lks mfam mf amvm vmau auks ks pk pkrr lk qu quc c am amsp spkf kfcr cr ac dc dcam amks ks ac tr trjf jfsp spkrt krtc c pòglmhk rcsultj rcsultj `ufajdcftjl, cspchmjldcftc pjr pjrjj ljs pcrskfjs ac rcftjs dês gjbjs.

 

Cstjs kglmijhmkfcs hkfsmstcf cf jtcfacr j uf prchmk rjzkfjg rjzkfjglcdcftc lcdcftc gjbk, gjbk, hmcrtks trê` tr ê`mh mhk ks k ru rutj tjss qu quc c hk hkd dcrhmj mjld ldcf cfttc pucacf fk rcsultjr rcftjglcs, pcrk quc sc hkfsmacrj quc acgcf cxmstmr.

 

JLQCWFJQMPJX ^WMFHM^JLCX ^JWJ LJ @MFJFHMJHMØF @MFJFHMJ HMØF AC KGLMIJHMKFCX AC XCWPMHMK ^ÒGLMHK2 :. Xug Xugvcfh fhmmøf amr mrc cht htj2 j2 Sf Sfjj sk sklu luhm hmø øf  vêlmaj dmcftrjs cl Ikgmcrfk amspkfij ac `kfaks, jufquc supkfc cl trjsljak a c lks ac hklj stcskhmcaja. s acl trjfspkrtc jl hkfbuftk

 

7. Lj sciufaj cs utmlmzjaj `rchucftcdcftc `rchucftcd cftc hujfak ljs rcstrmhhmkfcs prcsupucstjrmjs prcsupucst jrmjs mdpmacf cl usk ac sugv sugvcfhmkfcs cfhmkfcs amrchtjs amr chtjs y hkfsmstc h kfsmstc cf jutkrmzjr j lj cdpr cdprcsj csj ac trjfspkrtc rciuljaj rciuljaj j quc cdplcc sugsmamks hruzjaks.

 

:>-. MF@WJCXQWSHQSWJX ] HWCHMDMCFQK2 LKX CF@KZSCX DJHWK ] DMHWKCHKFØDMHK. Lj rclcvjfhmj acl trjfspkrtc cf lj chkfkdäj sc cxplmhj pkr lj acpcfacfhmj quc tmcfc lj skhmcaja jhtujl ac lj dkvmlmaja ac pcrskfjs y gmcfcs.

 

Ljs cdprcsjs acdjfajf trjfspkrtc pjrj cfvmjr k rchmgmr djtcrmjs prmdjs, prkauhtks mftcrdcamks y `mfjlcs.

 

Irjf pjrtc ac ljs mf`rjcstruhturjs gêsm gê smhhjs ojf sma smak hcx kf sktja trujajs majs js pkr y cxpl plkt pkr cl schtkr sch tkr pòglmh pòglmhk k, fk hkgrêfaksc amr amrchtj chtjdc dcft ftc c pkr pkr lks lks scrv scrvmmhm hmk ks quc quc prcstjf j cdprcsjs y pjrtmhuljrcs.

 

kftc tcdp dplj ljrr ❚   Hkf

cl pj pjpc pcll ac lj ljss mf mf`r `rjc jcst stru ruhhtu turrjs ac trjfs tr jfspkrt pkrtc c cf cl hr hrchm chmdmc dmcftk ftk acs acsac ac ufj pcrs pcrspch pchtm tmvj vj djhrk djh rkchk chkfød fødmhj mhj jir jircij cijaj aj hkd hkdk k sc rcjl cjlmzj mzj cf cst cstks ks cstuamks dcfhmkfjaks fk cs lj òfmhj kphmøf pksmglc.

❚  Acsac

cl puftk ac vmstj ac lj Chkfkdäj acl Qrjfspkrtc, cdplcjfak uf cf`kquc dmhrkchkfødmhk, cl `ufhmkfjdmcftk c`mhmcftc ac uf smstcdj ac trjfspkrtcs smifm`mhj prkauhmr jl däfmdk hkstc pksmglc cl vkludcf ac prkauhhmøf lj skhmcaja acdjfaj hujfakdjrimfjlcs sc `mbjf lks prchmks ac quc djfcrj quc rc`lcbcf lks hkstcs skhmjlcs.

 

HKFHLSXMØF. Hujfak Hujf ak sc ojhc ojhc uf rch chkrr krrma mak k pk pkrr lj tckr tckräj äj chkf chkfødm ødmhj hj,, sc cfhucftrj quc cl trjfspkrtc fk oj smak ufj vjrmjglc hcftrjl cf cl jfêlmsms chkfødmhk. Cf lj tckräj dkacrfj acl hrchmdmcftk chkfødmhk,, cl hjpmtjl cs lj vvjrmjglc chkfødmhk jrmjglc hcftrjl, hcftrjl,pcrk pcrk cstc hjpmtjl fk tmcfc ufj ac`mfmhmøf prchmsj skgrc su hkftcfmak. Cstj tckräj jsudc cl smstcdj ac trjfspkrtc uf hkfbuftk jhtmvks chkfødmhks cstêtmhks jamhmkfjlcs,hkdk smf ojhcr hljrmajaacskgrc su `ufhmkfjlmaja cf cl smstcdj chkfødmhk chkfødmhk..

 

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