Elementary, Middle School, Home School Essay and Report Writing

Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> Tmrcg‖q mgb Rcma`cr‖q Hsfbc j Qsbcg Xrffgh Qsaacqq

Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> Tmrcg‖q mgb Rcma`cr‖q Hsfbc j Qsbcg Xrffgh Qsaacqq Orjsh` j vjs ov>

Tlcmqc yfqf> xxx'TmcrgOmqcbXrffgh'ajk j ifgb js `jx vjs amg hc mll vjsr qsbcgq xrffgh mkm~fgh cqqmvq mgb rctjrq ]SFAELV ) CMQFLV-

¦ ?446 ‑ Mll _fh`q _cqcrycb

xxx'TmcrgOmqcbXrffgh'ajk

=|Tmhc

Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> Tmrcg‖q mgb Rcma`cr‖q Hsfbc j Qsbcg Xrffgh Qsaacqq

Xclajkc j vjsr Tmrcg‖q mgb Rcma`cr‖q Hsfbc j Qsbcg Xrffgh Qsaacqq R`fq hsfbc ijasqcq jg cma`fgh xrffgh fg hrmbcq ?+9 mgb x`m F xjslb ajgqfbcr j oc rckcbfml xrffgh fgqrsafjg fg hrmbcq 8+6' F xjslb oc hrcm fi mll qsbcgq xcg irjk qfktlc qcgcgacq j xrffgh fg ajgqfqcglv ocmsfisl tmrmhrmt` ijrk xf` gmsrml fgrjbsafjgq mgb ajgalsqfjgq, `jxcycr `fq fq jicg gj `c amqc' F `myc msh` xrffgh marjqq }sfc m icx hrmbcq mgb F `myc rmrclv ajkc marjqq m almqq fg mgv hrmbc `m bfb gj gccb m ifrk rc+cma`fgh ji ajrrca tmrmhrmt` ijrk mljgh xf` `jx j xrfc gmsrml fgrjbsafjgq mgb ajgalsqfjgq' Isr`crkjrc, `rjsh` ajma`fgh, cma`fgh fg kv jii+rmae fkc, qsoqfsc cma`fgh, mgb sjrfgh F `myc cptcrfcgacb lfcrmllv `sgbrcbq ji almqqrjjkq' Kv cptcrfcgac fq `m imr jj kmgv qsbcgq marjqq imr jj kmgv hrmbc lcyclq qrshhlc xf` xrffgh' R`fq hsfbc‖q kmfg ijasq fg jg kmefgh `c nskt j kslf+tmrmhrmt` xrffgh, mq xcll mq cgqsrfgh kmqcrv ji ajrrca kslf+tmrmhrmt` xrffgh' Micr rcmbfgh `fq, F `jtc vjs xfll hj j kv xcoqfc m xxx'tmcrgomqcbxrffgh'ajk mgb cptljrc x`m “Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> ]sfae ) Cmqv Cqqmv‛ `mq j jiicr' Lc‖q ochfg-

R`c Qfp Rrmfq ji Xrffgh Fg cma`fgh qsbcgq j xrfc xcll `crc fq “hrmkkmr‛ mgb `crc fq “xrffgh'‛ Kmgv cma`crq cma` M LJR ji hrmkkmr ocamsqc x`cg f ajkcq j cma`fgh xrffgh, `cv mrc m m ljqq' X`m bjcq f kcmg j cma` “xrffgh:‛ M sqcisl kjbcl `m amg `clt cma`crq fq `c “Qfp Rrmfq ji Xrffgh‛ kjbcl' “R`c Qfp Rrmfq ji Xrffgh‛ xmq bcycljtcb fg `c =604‖q ov qcycrml hrjstq ji rcqcmra`crq mgb cma`crq fg jrbcr j orfgh mojs m kjrc rclfmolc kc`jb ijr orfghfgh qrsasrc j xrffgh mgb xrffgh fgqrsafjg'

¦ ?446 ‑ Mll _fh`q _cqcrycb

xxx'TmcrgOmqcbXrffgh'ajk

?|Tmhc

Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> Tmrcg‖q mgb Rcma`cr‖q Hsfbc j Qsbcg Xrffgh Qsaacqq

Qmrfgh Xf` `c Cgb fg Kfgb> R`c Qfp Rrmfq ji Xrffgh R`c “Qfp Rrmfq ji Xrffgh‛ kjbcl bcqarfocq x`m hjjb xrfcrq bj' Lfec kmgv orcme`rjsh` kc`jbq ji fgqrsafjg, `fq kjbcl xmq arcmcb ov xjrefgh omaexmrbq' R`c qmrfgh tjfg xmq cpmkfgfgh qmktlcq ji cpacllcg xrffgh mgb `cg bccrkfgfgh x`m kmbc `ck cpacllcg' R`c jsajkc ji `fq trjnca xmq `cqc qfp ajkkjg rmfq `m trjbsac hjjb xrffgh'

Jycryfcx ji `c Qfp Rrmfq ji Xrffgh Rrmf != Fbcmq ‑ R`c kcqqmhc mljgh xf` `c kmfg `ckc mgb bcmflq Rrmf !? Jrhmgf~mfjg ‑ R`c fgcrgml ajggcafgh qrsasrc Rrmf !1 Yjfac ‑ R`c sgf}sc cptrcqqfjg mgb tjfg ji yfcx ji ajkkjg xjrbq mgb fbcmq Rrmf !2 Xjrb A`jfac ‑ Ifgbfgh `c rfh` xjrbq j cptrcqq fbcmq fg m arcmfyc xmv Rrmf !3 Qcgcgac Ilscgav ‑ Ajggcafgh qrfghq ji qcgcgacq xf` r`v`k mgb iljx Rrmf !9 Ajgycgfjgq ‑ Hrmkkmr, qtcllfgh, tsgasmfjg, mgb cycrv`fgh clqc sq gftfaecrq ljyc j tfae jycr'

R`c Qfp Rrmfq Xrffgh Kjbcl fg Clckcgmrv mgb Kfbblc Qa`jjl Xrffgh Sgbcrqmgbfgh `fq kjbcl amg oc ycrv ymlsmolc ijr cma`crq' R`fq kjbcl amg oc mg cpacllcg hsfbc mgb rcicrcgac fg tlmggfgh fgqrsafjg mgb fg cymlsmfgh qsbcg xrffgh' Kjq xrffgh xc cma` fg clckcgmrv mgb kfbblc qa`jjl imllq sgbcr m lcmq jgc ji `c qfp rmfq lfqcb mojyc' R`fq kjbcl tsq m gmkc mgb qrsasrc j x`m xc mrc cma`fgh'

R`c Qfp Rrmfq Mrc Gj Mll R`m Clckcgmrv mgb Kfbblc Qa`jjl Rcma`crq Ksq Rcma` R`crc mrc kmgv mqtcaq ji clckcgmrv mgb kfbblc qa`jjl xrffgh fgqrsafjg `m mrc gj mbbrcqqcb fg `c mojyc “Qfp Rrmfq‛ ov gmkc' Lc‖q ljje m qjkc kjrc “yjamoslmrv xjrbq‛ `m `c xrffgh cma`cr ksq egjx>

¦ ?446 ‑ Mll _fh`q _cqcrycb

xxx'TmcrgOmqcbXrffgh'ajk

1|Tmhc

Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> Tmrcg‖q mgb Rcma`cr‖q Hsfbc j Qsbcg Xrffgh Qsaacqq

Tjcrv, rctjr xrffgh, xrffgh m irfcgblv lccr, xrffgh xf` m tsrtjqc, xrffgh j fgijrk, xrffgh j tcrqsmbc, xrffgh j cptlmfg, gmrrmfyc xrffgh, ifrq tcrqjg gmrrmfyc, cptjqfjrv xrffgh, ajktmrc mgb ajgrmq xrffgh, arcmfyc xrffgh,  njsrgml xrffgh, trjacqq xrffgh, bcqarftfyc xrffgh, `c xrffgh trjacqq, rcyfqfgh, trcxrffgh, xrffgh m qskkmrv, rcqcmra` tmtcrq, cbffgh, trjjircmbfgh, imgmqv xrffgh, hcgrcq ji xrffgh, yjamoslmrv, xrffgh lfqq, xrffgh q`jr mgqxcrq, xrffgh m gcxqtmtcr mrfalc, xrffgh m osqfgcqq lccr, lfcrmrv rcqtjgqc, xrffgh m arff}sc jr rcyfcx, ca`gfaml xrffgh…

R`c Qfp Rrmf Kjbcl fq Ofh Tfasrc R`fgefgh ijr `c Rcma`cr R`c cma`cr xfll bcifgfclv xmg j oc hfyfgh lcqqjgq jg `c mojyc qfp rmfq' R`c cma`cr mlqj xfll xmg j ecct m ajgqmg cvc jg mll ji `cqc rmfq mq `cv ajgicrcgac xf` qsbcgq mgb cymlsmc qsbcg xrffgh' Mq cbsamjrq, xc xmg j bcycljt mrfqfa xrfcrq- @jxcycr, xc mlqj xmg j oc qsrc j bcycljt qsbcgq x`j `myc `c xrffgh qefllq mgb `c xrffgh egjxlcbhc `m xfll `clt `ck j oc qsaacqqisl qsbcgq' Imq mgb ciicafyc xrfcrq mrc `mttv qsbcgqIjr kmgv qsbcg xrfcrq, “yjfac‛ fq gj gcmrlv mq fktjrmg mq qfktlv ocfgh molc j arcmc xrffgh `m oj` `cv mgb `cfr cma`cr amg sgbcrqmgb mgb cgnjv rcmbfgh' Rjj kmgv qsbcgq qrshhlc xf` qfktlv hcfgh `c njo bjgc'

Jrhmgf~mfjg> R`c @mrbcq mgb Kjq Fktjrmg Rrmf M tfjgccr ji Qfp Rrmfq xrffgh xmq Tmsl O' Bfcbcrfa`' @fq rmfq xcrc m lflc bfiicrcg `mg `c asrrcg “Qfp Rrmfq ji Xrffgh‛ `jxcycr `cv bfb fgalsbc oj` =& Jrhmgf~mfjg mgb ?& Fbcmq' Ijr Bfcbcrfa` “fbcmq‛ mgb “jrhmgf~mfjg‛ xcrc `c kjq fktjrmg ji `c rmfq mgb rcacfycb hrcmcr xcfh`' Kfbblc qa`jjl cma`crq F `myc mlecb xf` oclfcyc `m kfbblc qa`jjl qsaacqq ajkcq cmqfcr mgb fq ksa` kjrc lfeclv fi qsbcgq mrrfyc xf` m IF_K KMQRC_V ji `c jrhmgf~mfjgml qrsasrc ji hjjb xrffgh'

¦ ?446 ‑ Mll _fh`q _cqcrycb

xxx'TmcrgOmqcbXrffgh'ajk

2|Tmhc

Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> Tmrcg‖q mgb Rcma`cr‖q Hsfbc j Qsbcg Xrffgh Qsaacqq

Jrhmgf~mfjg fq `c `mrbcq rmf' E+=? Qsbcg Xrfcrq Marjqq Mkcrfam

R`fq fq }sfc m imkjsq }sjc fg `c xjrlb ji Qfp Rrmfq xrffgh' Gj jglv fq jrhmgf~mfjg jgc ji `c kjq fktjrmg rmfq, os f fq mlqj jgc ji `c `mrbcq rmfq ijr qsbcgq j kmqcr'

Jrhmgf~mfjgml Qefllq mrc Fktjrmg fg Xrffgh, mq Xcll mq Marjqq `c AsrrfaslskF‖q bfiifasl j oc qsaacqqisl mgb bfqjrhmgf~cb' M acrmfg kfgfkml lcycl ji jrhmgf~mfjg qcckq j hj `mgb fg `mgb xf` qsaacqq fg mlkjq mgv cgbcmyjr' Xf` `c kmnjrfv ji qsbcgq, fi vjs fktrjyc `cfr jrhmgf~mfjgml qefllq, vjs xfll fktrjyc `cfr lfeclf`jjb ji qsaacqq fg qa`jjl' F ecct qsbcgq trcv jrhmgf~cb marjqq `c ojmrb5 `jxcycr F `myc gj ijsgb mgv ijrk ji jrhmgf~mfjg j oc mq ciicafyc fg orfghfgh mojs jycrmll qsbcg qsaacqq mq orfghfgh jrhmgf~mfjg j `cfr xrffgh' X`m F lcmrgcb xmq `m kmgv, kmgv qsbcgq bjg‖ rcmllv sgbcrqmgb x`m `cv `myc xrfcg x`cg `cv rcmb f omae j `ckqclycq' R`cv amg rcmb `c “xjrbq‛ os ajktmrcb j `c ojjeq `cv rcmb, `cfr jxg xrffgh fq ajgisqfgh' A`mghc `fq mgb f ocajkcq m kmnjr tmrmbfhk q`fi ijr `ck' R`fq ocajkcq `c ifrq qct jxmrbq qsbcgq mefgh rcml trfbc fg `cfr xjre-

Bfqjrhmgf~cb Ojvq R`c Gcx Vjre Rfkcq tsolfq`cb mg mrfalc ov Mlmg Ifgbcr fg Nmgsmrv ?440 cgflcb, “Hfyfgh Bfqjrhmgf~cb Ojvq `c Rjjlq ijr Qsaacqq'‛ R`c mrfalc mbbrcqqcb `c cbsamfjgml ma`fcyckcg hmt `m fq hrjxfgh ocxccg ojvq mgb hfrlq' R`cqc bmvq f fq hfrlq x`j mrc `myfgh kjrc qsaacqq fg qa`jjl' R`c kmnjr trckfqc ji `c mrfalc fq `m `c lmae ji jrhmgf~mfjgml qefllq kmv oc `jlbfgh ojvq omae'

¦ ?446 ‑ Mll _fh`q _cqcrycb

xxx'TmcrgOmqcbXrffgh'ajk

3|Tmhc

Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> Tmrcg‖q mgb Rcma`cr‖q Hsfbc j Qsbcg Xrffgh Qsaacqq

R`c mrfalc }sjcq Nsbf` Elcfgiclb, m tqva`jljhv trjicqqjr m `c Sgfycrqfv ji Mlmqem mq qmvfgh, “R`c hsvq nsq bjg‖ qcck j bcycljt `c qefllq `m fgyjlyc jrhmgf~mfjg mq cmrlv'‛ R`c mrfalc `cg hjcq jg j cptlmfg `jx acrmfg "=44 tcr `jsr sjrq x`crc hcfgh `cqc ojvq jrhmgf~cb' F amg jiicr xj qjlsfjgq `m bjg‖ ajq "=44 tcr `jsr' R`c ifrq fq “R`c Gjcojje Jrhmgf~mfjgml Qvqck‛ `m F `myc fgalsbcb ocljx' R`c j`cr fq “Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> ]sfae ) Cmqv Cqqmv'‛ Vcq, f fktrjycq `c jrhmgf~mfjg ji qsbcg xrffgh, os f mlqj bjcq ksa` kjrc `mg `fq' F cma`cq `fgefgh fg mg jrhmgf~cb xmv' F mbbq m yfqsml ajktjgcg j lmghsmhc'

Kmqq Fbcm Hcgcrmfjg> Mgj`cr Fktjrmg Rrmf irjk `c Qfp Rrmfq ji Xrffgh Mljgh xf` jrhmgf~mfjg, fbcmq mrc `c j`cr rmf `m Tmsl O' Bfcbcrfa` icl bcqcrycb hrcmcr xcfh`' Hjjb trcxrffgh qefllq lcmb j hjjb fbcmq' Fi qsbcgq `fge `c ifrq fbcm `m tjtq fgj `cfr `cmb fq m hjjb fbcm, f‖q sglfeclv `cv xfll ocajkc ciicafyc xrfcrq jr mec hrcm trfbc fg `cfr xrffgh' Qsbcgq gccb j sgbcrqmgb `m `c ifrq fbcmq `m tjt fgj `cfr `cmbq mrc nsq `c ft ji `c facocrh' Kmqq fbcm hcgcrmfjg `rjsh` trcxrffgh kmecq `fq efgb ji `fgefgh m `mof' F‖q gj qj ksa` `m qsbcgq mgb mbslq& ksq bj trcxrffgh ijr cycrv mqqfhgkcg `cv `myc, os `cv ksq oc mxmrc `m `cv mrc gj a`jjqfgh irjk mkjgh nsq m icx fbcmq' R`cv mrc fg ima a`jjqfgh irjk mg sglfkfcb gskocr ji tjqqfolc fbcmq' Xf` `c trcxrffgh qvqck F sqc qsbcgq hc fg `c `mof ji hcgcrmfgh m lcmq 04 sgf}sc fbcmq jycr m rmghc ji kmfg fbcmq fg mgvx`crc ocxccg 3+=4 kfgscq'

@crc mrc Cfh` ]smlffcq ji mg Cpacllcg Trcxrffgh Qvqck> =' ]sfae, sqcisl, rctcmmolc, mgb trmafaml' ?' Fktrjycq qsbcgq xrffgh F‖yc qccg trcxrffgh qvqckq qvqckq `m masmllv masmllv kmec a`flbrcg xrfc xjrqc-& ¦ ?446 ‑ Mll _fh`q _cqcrycb

xxx'TmcrgOmqcbXrffgh'ajk

9|Tmhc

Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> Tmrcg‖q mgb Rcma`cr‖q Hsfbc j Qsbcg Xrffgh Qsaacqq

1' M qefll qsbcgq amg sqc mgb xfll sqc j hc qmrcb xrffgh mgb x`cg `cv mrc qsae fg `cfr xrffgh' Fi `c trcxrffgh qvqck fq jj ajktlfamcb, qsbcgq xjg‖ sqc f' R`c trcxrffgh qvqck gccbq j oc qj maacqqfolc `m qsbcgq xfll gmsrmllv sqc f x`cg `cv mrc qsae'& 2' Xfll gj bfqrma a`flbrcg jr trcycg a`flbrcg irjk qmrfgh `c “rcml xrffgh'‛ R`c rcml xrffgh fq `c tmr `m tcjtlc mrc hjfgh j rcmb mgb ijr x`fa` `cv xfll oc hrmbcb' Qjkc trcxrffgh qvqckq amg oc lfec mg mr trjnca mgb trcycg qsbcgq irjk hcfgh qmrcb jg `c rcml xrffgh' R`cv mrc isg mgb fgcrcqfgh, os gj sqcisl ijr cycrvbmv mqqfhgkcgq'& 3' Trjyfbcq mg jttjrsgfv ijr kmqq fbcm hcgcrmfjg' Kjrc fbcmq j a`jjqc irjk kcmgq occr fbcmq hc xrfcg jg `c tmtcr'& 9' Fq cmqv ijr qsbcgq j ajggca `cfr trcxrffgh j `c masml masml xrffgh' R`crc fq mg mr j ajggcafgh trcxrffgh j `c masml xrffgh' R`fq mr gccbq j oc osfl fgj `c trcxrffgh qvqck'& 8' @cltq qsbcgq lcmrg `jx j qcc oj` `c “ofh tfasrc‛ mgb `c “ifgc bcmflq‛ ji `cfr qsonca jr qjrv' 0' Qsbcg arcmcb' Fi `c cma`cr cma`cr `mq j “tmqq f js‛ f fq gj trmafaml, mgb lfeclv gj mlljxcb fg kmgv cqfgh qfsmfjgq' Mq xcll, `c qsbcg xfll gj bcycljt `c qcli+rclfmgac ijr jrhmgf~fgh `cfr jxg xrffgh'

R`c “Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> ]sfae ) Cmqv Cqqmv Xrffgh‛ trjhrmk bjcq mll `fq mgb ksa`, ksa` kjrcR`c Kmfg _cmqjg X`v Qj Kmgv Qsbcgq Qrshhlc xf` XrffghF‖yc gcycr qccg mg cgfrc almqqrjjk ji 1rb hrmbcrq `m ajslb bj km` occr `mg mg cgfrc almqqrjjk ji 9` hrmbcrq' @jxcycr, F `myc qccg cgfrc almqqcq ji 1 rb hrmbcrq x`j ajslb xrfc KSA@ occr `mg cgfrc almqqrjjkq ji 9` hrmbcrq' R`c 1rb hrmbcrq `mb occg msh` j xrfc sqfgh Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> ]sfae ) Cmqv Cqqmv' Ji ajsrqc, micr F `mb msh` `c 9 ` hrmbcrq j xrfc sqfgh `c Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh trjhrmk, `m qfsmfjg bfqmttcmrcb'& @crc fq `c kmfg rcmqjg x`v f fq tjqqfolc ijr `fq qfsmfjg j cpfq' R`crc fq gj jgc cma`cr, hrmbc lcycl, jr xrffgh trjhrmk `m mecq `c qjlc rcqtjgqfoflfv ijr cgqsrfgh `c kmqcrv ji kslf+tmrmhrmt` cqqmv mgb rctjr xrffgh'

¦ ?446 ‑ Mll _fh`q _cqcrycb

xxx'TmcrgOmqcbXrffgh'ajk

8|Tmhc

Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> Tmrcg‖q mgb Rcma`cr‖q Hsfbc j Qsbcg Xrffgh Qsaacqq

R`c sqsml xmv ijr kslf+tmrmhrmt` xrffgh j oc msh` fq `m m lflc of fq mbbcb `crc mgb m lflc of fq mbbcb `crc' Xc mbb m tmr ji `c trjacqq `crc mgb mgj`cr tmr ji `c trjacqq `crc' X`cg vjs rv j osflb m `jrjsh`orcb rmac`jrqc ov mbbfgh ofq mgb tfcac jhc`cr… vjs cgb st xf` m amkcl' Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> ]sfae ) Cmqv Cqqmv xrffgh mecq qjlc rcqtjgqfoflfv ijr cgqsrfgh kmqcrv ji kslf+tmrmhrmt` xrffgh' F tsq mll `c tfcacq ji `c ts~~lc jhc`cr fg m qvqckmfa mgb qfktlc xmv' R`c cma`cr x`j mecq jg `c ajkkfkcg ji sqfgh `c trjhrmk xfll cgb st xf` qsbcgq x`j mrc imr m`cmb ji `c tmae oj` fg qefll mgb fg sgbcrqmgbfgh'

Rcma`fgh Cqqmv Xrffgh j Clckcgmrv mgb Kfbblc Qa`jjl Qsbcgq X`m Cpmalv fq mg “Cqqmv:‛ R`c crk “cqqmv,‛ amg oc m lflc ajgisqfgh j kmgv qsbcgq mgb cma`crq'& X`m cpmalv fq mg cqqmv: R`crc fq mlqj m lflc ajgisqfjg mq j x`cg mgb `jx j cma` cqqmv xrffgh' R`c rs` fq ksa` ji x`m qsbcgq xrfc fg oj` clckcgmrv mgb kfbblc qa`jjl amg oc ajgqfbcrcb mg cqqmv' Mlbjsq @splcv, m imkjsq cqqmvfq qmfb, “R`c cqqmv fq m lfcrmrv bcyfac ijr qmvfgh mlkjq cycrv`fgh mojs mlkjq mgv`fgh'‛ R`m‖q }sfc m… ymhsc, vc maasrmc bcqarftfjg' Cqqmv xrffgh fq m lflc cmqfcr j sgbcrqmgb x`cg vjs qcc x`m f `mq fg ajkkjg xf` rctjrq mgb qjrfcq'

@crc Mrc Ifyc Ajkkjg Rvtcq ji Xrffgh `m Qsbcgq bj fg Qa`jjl Cqqmv ‑ Irjk `c ms`jr‖q tcrqjgml tjfg ji yfcx _ctjr ‑ Omqcb jg rcqcmra` Ifafjg qjrv ‑ Qjrv irjk `c fkmhfgmfjg Q`jr mgqxcr ‑ Sqsmllv hfycq mg mgqxcr j m qtcafifa }scqfjg5 m q`jr mgqxcr amg oc mgvx`crc irjk jgc xjrb j tjqqfolv m ajstlc tmrmhrmt`q 3' Tjcrv ‑ Mrfqfa sqc ji lmghsmhc =' ?' 1' 2'

¦ ?446 ‑ Mll _fh`q _cqcrycb

xxx'TmcrgOmqcbXrffgh'ajk

0|Tmhc

Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> Tmrcg‖q mgb Rcma`cr‖q Hsfbc j Qsbcg Xrffgh Qsaacqq

R`crc mrc KMGV Bfiicrcg Efgbq ji Cqqmvq @crc mrc nsq m icx> Gmrrmfyc cqqmv, tcrqjgml gmrrmfyc cqqmv, amsqc mgb ciica cqqmv, bcqarftfyc cqqmv, ajktmrc mgb ajgrmq cqqmv, mrhskcgmfyc cqqmv, bcifgffjg cqqmv, 3+tmrmhrmt` cqqmv, cptjqfjrv cqqmv, cymlsmfjg cqqmv, tcrqsmqfyc cqqmv' M hcgcrml hsfbclfgc ijr `c crk “cqqmv‛ fq>   

Mg cqqmv fq xrfcg irjk `c ms`jr‖q tcrqjgml tjfg ji yfcx' Mg cqqmv bfqasqqcq, cptljrcq, bcqarfocq, jr mgmlv~cq jgc qsonca jr jtfa' Mg cqqmv fq m kslf+tmrmhrmt` tfcac ji xrffgh'

Fq mg Cqqmv m Qjrv: MGB Fq m Qjrv mg Cqqmv: Lc‖q Rmec m Ljje>  

Tcrqjgml Gmrrmfyc Cqqmv ‑ Gmrrmfyc qjrv irjk `c ms`jrq tjfg ji yfcx omqcb jg `c ms`jr‖q tcrqjgml cptcrfcgac Ifafjg Qjrv ‑ M gmrrmfyc qjrv `m ajkcq irjk `c ms`jr‖q fkmhfgmfjg

R`cqc mrc oj` “qjrfcq'‛ Jgc fq m rsc qjrv, jgc ajkcq irjk `c fkmhfgmfjg' R`jsh` `cv mrc oj` qjrfcq, `cv mrc gj oj` cqqmvq' Gjfac `m `c “Ifafjg Qjrv‛ fq gj mg cqqmv' Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> ]sfae ) Cmqv Cqqmv bjcq cma` cqqmv xrffgh' @jxcycr, x`cg ljjefgh m `c Mlbjsq @splcv bcifgffjg ji x`m mg cqqmv fq, F `fge vjs xfll ifgb `m `c trjhrmk hrcmlv fktrjycq mll xrffgh `m clckcgmrv mgb kfbblc qa`jjl qsbcgq xfll bj, fgalsbfgh oj` qjrfcq mgb rctjrq'

X`cg Q`jslb Cqqmv Xrffgh oc Rmsh` mgb ov X`m Hrmbc Q`jslb f Oc Kmqcrcb: Jicg qsbcg xrffgh fq gj `clb j `c qmkc `fh` qmgbmrb `m qsbcg xjre fq fg kmgv ji `c j`cr qsoncaq'

¦ ?446 ‑ Mll _fh`q _cqcrycb

xxx'TmcrgOmqcbXrffgh'ajk

6|Tmhc

Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> Tmrcg‖q mgb Rcma`cr‖q Hsfbc j Qsbcg Xrffgh Qsaacqq

@crc mrc m icx rcmqjgq x`v> =' Xrffgh fq mg mr' R`crc fq gj mg “cmqv mgqxcr ecv‛ ijr `c xrffgh cma`cr' ?' R`c xmv xrffgh fq msh` amg jicg qcck “cqjcrfa‛ j a`flbrcg' F F qcckq j `ck `m `c rslcq ji “hjjb xrffgh‛ qsrc bj qcck j a`mghc m lj' “R`c cma`cr lfecb x`m F xrjc vcqcrbmv, os jbmv `cv qmv `fq fq gj hjjb' F bjg‖ hc f'‛ 1' Qmvfgh jg jt ji qsbcg qsbcg xrffgh fq `mrb xjre ijr cma`crq' Mq qsa`, qsbcgq `myc kjrc jttjrsgffcq j qlmae jii mgb trmafac xrffgh `c xrjgh xmv' “Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> ]sfae ) Cmqv Cqqmv Xrffgh‛ `mq kmbc f cmqv ijr mll cma`crq mgb qsbcgq j hc m `jlb ji mll `cqc fqqscq' X`m cpmalv bjcq `m kcmg: @crc fq m lfge j mg cpacllcg yfbcj jg cqqmv xrffgh' Ajtv mgb tmqc `c lfge fgj vjsr xco orjxqcr' Jr nsq alfae jg f'& `t>**tmcrgomqcbxrffgh'ajk*clckcgmrvZxrffghZqsaacqq*cma`fgh+clckcgmrv+ xrffgh*qsbcgq+amg+kmqcr+cqqmv+xrffgh+fg+clckcgmrv+qa`jjl*  X`m fq fgcrcqfgh mojs `fq yfbcj fq `m f fq irjk Mq`xjr` Sgfycrqfv mgb fq bcqfhgcb ijr `fh` qa`jjl qsbcgq' F‖q mg cpacllcg yfbcj jg `c 3+tmrmhrmt` cqqmv' R`c cma`cr fq ycrv alcmr mgb ajgafqc'& Mq vjs xma` f, fkmhfgc mg cgfrc almqq ji 1rb hrmbcrq qffgh `crc xma`fgh `fq yfbcj mgb qmvfgh, “Vcq, xc amg bj mll `m' Xc lcmrgcb `m lmq kjg`' Xc amg jrhmgf~c mgb xrfc jgc ji `jqc 3+tmrmhrmt` cqqmvq fg lcqq `mg 14+kfgscq'‛ R`c 1rb hrmbcrq F mk mlefgh mojs mrc irjk `c fggcr afv mgb `cfr cma`cr `mb ocajkc fll cmrlv fg `c vcmr' R`fq ochmg m ljgh qrfgh ji qsoqfsc cma`crq' F amkc fg m `c cgb ji `cfr qa`jjl vcmr mgb jje `ck irjk sgjrhmgf~cb qcgcgacq j cpacllcg 3+tmrmhrmt` cqqmvq fg nsq 18 bmvq'

¦ ?446 ‑ Mll _fh`q _cqcrycb

xxx'TmcrgOmqcbXrffgh'ajk

=4 | T m h c

Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> Tmrcg‖q mgb Rcma`cr‖q Hsfbc j Qsbcg Xrffgh Qsaacqq

“Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> ]sfae ) Cmqv Cqqmv‛ qjlycq `c cqqmv trjolck- X`c`cr vjsr qsbcgq mrc fg clckcgmrv qa`jjl jr kfbblc qa`jjl vjs amg rcyjlsfjgf~c `cfr xrffgh }sfaelv mgb cmqflv' R`fq q`jslb gj oc mg fqqsc fg `fh` qa`jjl'

@crc Mrc Qjkc Ajkkjg Qfhgq `m Vjsr Qsbcgq @myc Gj Kmqcrcb Cqqmv Xrffgh>           

Qsbcgq imfl j mgqxcr `c cqqmv }scqfjg jr bjg( ijlljx `c bfrcafjgq' R`cv mrc jii jtfa' Qsbcgq bjg( sgbcrqmgb x`m m rsc fgrjbsafjg jr ajgalsqfjg fq' Qsbcgq oclfcyc /tmrmhrmt` ijrk/ kcmgq vjs qfktlv qmr m gcx tmrmhrmt` cycrv 1+3 qcgcgacq' Qsbcgq rctcm fbcmq jr tmrmhrmt`q' R`c kjrc `cv xrfc, `c kjrc `cv rctcm' Qsbcgq( trcxrffgh srgq fgj mg “mr trjnca'‛ R`fq trcycgq `ck irjk ifgfq`fgh, mgb qjkcfkcq cycg qmrfgh `c mqqfhgkcg' Qsbcgq xrfc x`mcycr tjtq fgj `cfr kfgbq' R`c kjrc `cv xrfc, `c kjrc `cv rmkolc' Qsbcgq ijasq jg kmgv, kmgv fgv bcmflq `m hj jg mgb jg x`cgcycr `cv mrc xrffgh kjrc `mg m tmrmhrmt` jr xj' Qsbcgq ifgb f bfiifasl j ajggca `cfr trcxrffgh j `cfr xrffgh' Qsbcgq sqc fgajgqfqcg ijrk xf`fg mg cqqmv' Qjkcfkcq m tmrmhrmt` fq mojs jgc kmfg fbcm, qjkcfkcq f‖q mojs kmgv'& Qsbcgq sqc fgajgqfqcg qrsasrc qrsasrc irjk cqqmv j cqqmv' Qjkcfkcq `cv xrfc ajrrcalv, qjkcfkcq `cv bjg‖'& Qsbcgq bjg( `myc m qvqck ijr hcfgh `cfr xjre qmrcb, mgb ijr hcfgh `c xjre ifgfq`cb'

Fi vjsr qsbcgq mrc kmefgh `cqc kfqmecq, cf`cr `cv `myc nsq ochsg kjyfgh irjk tmrmhrmt`q j kslf+tmrmhrmt` xrffgh jr…

R`cv Nsq Bjg‖ “Hc F‛ Fi qsbcgq ajgfgsc j kmec `c qmkc kfqmecq micr `cv `myc occg rckfgbcb m `jsqmgb fkcq mg “cmqv js‛ ijr cma`cr fq `fgefgh `m `c qsbcgq mrc nsq ocfgh lm~v' F `myc ajkc j rcmlf~c `m `fq fq gj rcmllv `c amqc' F rcmlf~cb `fq x`cg F ifrq qmrcb ajkfgh st xf` `c tmcrgq fg Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh mgb mll ji m qsbbcg kv cgfrc almqq qmrcb qmvfgh, “F amg‖ cycg rcmb x`m F xmq xrffgh ocijrc'‛ ¦ ?446 ‑ Mll _fh`q _cqcrycb

xxx'TmcrgOmqcbXrffgh'ajk

== | T m h c

Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> Tmrcg‖q mgb Rcma`cr‖q Hsfbc j Qsbcg Xrffgh Qsaacqq

F `mb `cmrb qsbcgq qmv `m irjk fkc j fkc jycr `c vcmrq, os F `mb gcycr `cmrb mg cgfrc almqq qmv `c qmkc `fgh, mll xf`fg m kjg` ji ochfggfgh j cma` `ck j xrfc' R`c rs` fq cma`crq mrc jicg qsrtrfqcb j bfqajycr x`m `cfr qsbcgq‖ rcml sgbcrqmgbfgh ji m ajgact fq' R`cv oclfcyc `cv `myc bjgc m hrcm njo cma`fgh qjkc`fgh, mgb `cg m qsbcg qmvq qjkc`fgh x`fa` lcq `ck egjx `m `cfr sgbcrqmgbfgh fq gj x`m `cv `mb `jsh` f xmq'

Qsbcgq Ajgyfgacb Mhmfgq R`cfr Xfll Mrc ji `c Qmkc Jtfgfjg Qfll Ocijrc f qcckcb `c ocq F ajslb hc xjslb oc m icx qsbcgq ochrsbhfghlv mbkffgh `m `cfr xrffgh `mb fktrjycb qj ksa` `m `cv ajslbg‖ rcmb x`m `cv `mb xrfcg ocijrc' Rcma`fgh xrffgh mlxmvq rckfgbcb kc ji `c Bmlc Amrgchfc }sjc, “M tcrqjg ajgyfgacb mhmfgq `cfr xfll fq ji `c qmkc jtfgfjg qfll'‛ Rj kc f mlxmvq qcckcb mq fi qsbcgq xcrc gj ajgyfgacb `m F xmq ocfgh ajgqfqcg xf` x`m F xmq cllfgh `ck' F mqqsrc vjs F xmq ocfgh ajgqfqcg' R`c trjolck xmq `m `crc xmq gj cgjsh` `m xmq AJGA_CRC ijr qsbcgq j hrmo `jlb ji' Xrffgh fq “mg mr‛ micr mll' Mq F bfqasqq jg kv oljh, F `myc qsbfcb tmcrgq cpcgqfyclv' Mkjgh `c kjq fgcrcqfgh mrc tmcrgq fg lmghsmhc mgb ajkksgfamfjg' F ifgmllv ts f mll jhc`cr xf` `c 1rb hrmbc almqq F kcgfjgcb x`j `mb occg xf`js m tcrkmgcg cma`cr ijr kjq ji `c qa`jjl vcmr' F jje jycr `cfr almqq x`flc F xmq jg kv jii+rmae ymamfjg fkc'& Fg `jqc ifgml 18 bmvq ji `cfr qa`jjl vcmr F xmq molc j hc `ck xrffgh occr `mg mgv almqq F `mb cycr msh` ocijrc' R`c rcqslq lfcrmllv orjsh` cmrq j `c trfgaftml‖q cvcq x`cg q`c qmx `c ocijrc mgb micr xrffgh qmktlcq' Ocamsqc F jglv `mb 18 bmvq j hc `ck st j qtccb F ajkkfcb j `c tmcrgq mgb F qjttcb `c cptlmgmfjgq' F kmbc qcgqc j `c efbq mgb m kjg` fgj `c trjhrmk gcmrlv `c cgfrc almqq xmq qmvfgh, “F amg‖ cycg rcmb x`m F xmq xrffgh ocijrc'‛ F egcx `cg `m `fq xmq m kmnjr orcme`rjsh` fg xrffgh fgqrsafjg' ¦ ?446 ‑ Mll _fh`q _cqcrycb

xxx'TmcrgOmqcbXrffgh'ajk

=? | T m h c

Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> Tmrcg‖q mgb Rcma`cr‖q Hsfbc j Qsbcg Xrffgh Qsaacqq

X`cg F bfqajycrcb `c tmcrgq fg “Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> ]sfae ) Cmqv Cqqmv‛ F rcmlf~cb `m `c rs` xmq `m kmgv qsbcgq qfktlv nsq `mb gj hj f' R`cv xcrc gj ocfgh qsoojrg jr lm~v' R`cv nsq bfbg‖ hc f- Gjx fq vjsr a`mgac j kmec qsrc `cv HCR FR-

Fktjrmg Qmc Xrffgh Qmgbmrbq Cptlmfgcb fg Cmqv Cghlfq`> 

Xrfc qjrfcq `m `myc m ochfggfgh, kfbblc, mgb cgb mgb ajgmfg bcmflq arcmfgh mgb qsttjrfgh `c qcfgh, a`mrmacr bcycljtkcg, mgb tlj'



Xrfc mg fgcrtrcmfjg jr cptlmgmfjg ji mg fgijrkmfjgml cp sqfgh cyfbcgac irjk `c cp `m qsttjrq `c fgcrtrcmfjg jr cptlmgmfjg'



Xrfc ijrkml osqfgcqq lccrq j trjicqqfjgml msbfcgacq qsa` mq osqfgcqqcq, gcxqtmtcrq, jr hjycrgkcg lcmbcrq'



Xrfc kslf+tmrmhrmt` cqqmvq mgb rctjrq `m ajgmfg cmqv j ijlljx jrhmgf~mfjg, jtfa bcycljtkcg, ciicafyc sqc ji bcmfl, mgb m ymrfcv ji qcgcgac qrsasrcq'



Qsbcg xrffgh bcycljtq m acgrml fbcm' R`cfr xrffgh bckjgqrmcq egjxlcbhc ji `cfr msbfcgac mgb `cfr tsrtjqc'



Qsbcgq qsaacqqisllv sflf~c mll `c qmhcq ji `c xrffgh trjacqq x`fa` fgalsbc trcxrffgh, brmifgh, rcyfqfgh, mgb cbffgh qsaacqqfyc ycrqfjgq'



Qsbcgq qsaacqqisllv xrfc kslftlc+tmrmhrmt` ajktjqffjgq `m `myc mg fgrjbsajrv tmrmhrmt`, cqmolfq` mgb qsttjr m kmfg fbcm, ajgmfg qsttjrfgh tmrmhrmt`q `m bcycljt `c kmfg fbcm, mgb ajgalsbc xf` m tmrmhrmt` `m qskkmrf~cq x`m xmq xrfcg'



Sqc mttrjtrfmc qrsasrcq ijr ajkksgfamfgh fgijrkmfjg qsa` mq ajktmrc mgb ajgrmq, amsqc mgb ciica, mqefgh mgb mgqxcrfgh m }scqfjg, mgb a`rjgjljhfaml jrbcr'

¦ ?446 ‑ Mll _fh`q _cqcrycb

xxx'TmcrgOmqcbXrffgh'ajk

=1 | T m h c

Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> Tmrcg‖q mgb Rcma`cr‖q Hsfbc j Qsbcg Xrffgh Qsaacqq 

Qsbcgq xrfc cptjqfjrv, gmrrmfyc, tcrqsmqfyc, mgb bcqarftfyc ajktjqffjgq ji ocxccg 344 mgb =444 xjrbq'



Qsbcgq arcmc gmrrmfyc ajktjqffjgq `m cqmolfq` mgb bcycljt m tlj jr qfsmfjg' R`cv bcqarfoc `c qcfgh mgb trcqcg mg cgbfgh'



Qsbcgq arcmc kslftlc+tmrmhrmt` cptjqfjrv ajktjqffjgq `m cqmolfq` m jtfa mgb bcycljt f xf` fktjrmg fbcmq mgb cycgq' R`cv trjyfbc bcmflq mgb rmgqffjgq lfgefgh tmrmhrmt`q mgb fbcmq' R`c ajktjqffjg ajgmfgq m ajgalsbfgh tmrmhrmt` x`fa` qskkmrf~cq fktjrmg fbcmq mgb bcmflq'



Qsbcgq xrfc gmrrmfycq `m fgalsbc qcgqjrv bcmflq mgb ajgarcc lmghsmhc x`fa` bcycljt `c tlj mgb a`mrmacrq'

Qtcafml Ojgsq Qcafjg> R`c Gjcojje Jrhmgf~mfjgml Qvqck F `myc qccg KMGV qsbcgq sqfgh `fq cpma qvqck kmgv VCM_Q micr F msh` `ck- R`fq qvqck kmv lmq m lficfkc… Fktrjyfgh qsbcg jrhmgf~mfjgml qefllq fq jgc ji `c qsrcq xmvq ji `myfgh m lmqfgh ciica jg m qsbcg‖q lfic' R`fq fq cqtcafmllv rsc xf` qsbcgq x`j mrc qrshhlfgh' @crc fq m qvqck `m `mq fktrcqqcb mbkfgfqrmjrq mgb `cltcb a`mghc `c lfycq ji qsbcgq'

R`c Qsbcg Gjcojje Qvqck> Qsttlfcq Gccbcb>      

= R`rcc+rfgh gjcojje 9 Tcc+a`cc qvlc ijlbcrq R`c efgb `m `mq m “tjaec‛ jg cma` qfbc' Hjjhlc “Tcc+a`cc‛ fi vjs mrc gj qsrc'& = tcgafl omh `m amg if jg `c rfghq ji `c gjcojje Qjkc gjcojjeq `myc `ck osfl+fg mgb `m xjreq mlqj& Tcgafl q`mrtcgcr Ajycrcb mgb `m xjg‖ lcme' Tlmac f fg m tlmqfa omhhfc fi gccbcb& 1 Tcgaflq Kfgfksk& = Crmqsrc Kfgfksk&

¦ ?446 ‑ Mll _fh`q _cqcrycb

xxx'TmcrgOmqcbXrffgh'ajk

=2 | T m h c

Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> Tmrcg‖q mgb Rcma`cr‖q Hsfbc j Qsbcg Xrffgh Qsaacqq

@jx j Lmocl `c Ijlbcrq Sqc x`fc lmoclq mq jttjqcb j xrffgh jg `c ijlbcrq' R`fq arcmcq ajgqfqcgav mgb xfll kmec f cmqfcr j rcmb' Ijr mg cgfrc almqq vjs amg arcmc mgb trfg `cqc lmoclq jii vjsr ajktscr' F‖q m lflc xjre ifhsrfgh js cpmalv `jx j trfg lmoclq jg vjsr ajktscr, os xcll xjr` f fi vjs tlmg jg sqfgh `c qvqck ijr m lcmq m icx vcmrq'& R`c lmoclq ocljx mrc hrjstcb fgj TMF_Q ocamsqc cma` ijlbcr `mq xj tjaecq' Fgalsbc `c GSKOC_Q jg `c lmocl mq xcll' Bj gj fgalsbc `c gjcq F ts fg tmrcg`cqcq' R`cqc bmvq kmgv ijlbcrq `myc `c `jlcq mlrcmbv tsga`cb fg `ck' Fi gj, `c `jlcq gccb j oc tsga`cb' Jgac `c ijlbcrq mrc lmoclcb mgb vjs `myc `jlcq, tlmac `ck jg `c rfghq mljgh xf` `c tcgafl omh'

Lmocl R`ck> =' Xrffgh tmtcr R`fq fq `cfr tmtcr qsttlv' Cf`cr F ecct f ifllcb jr `cv bj' Qjlycq kmgv trjolckq qsa` mq `myfgh j tmqq js tmtcr bsrfgh almqq fkc, mq xcll mq bcmlfgh xf` kcqqv cbhcq irjk tmtcr rfttcb js ji gjcojjeq'& ?' @jkcxjre, _csrgcb Qlftq, Gjcq @jkc Mll `jqc fktjrmg tmtcrq: Vjs egjx cpmalv x`crc `cv mrc-& 1' _cmbfgh Trjhrmk 2' _cmbfgh Trjhrmk 3' Xrfcr‖q Xjreq`jt (fgalsbfgh Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> ]sfae ) Cmqv Cqqmv-& 9' Xrfcr‖q Xjreq`jt (fgalsbfgh Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> ]sfae ) Cmqv Cqqmv-& 8' Km` 0' Km` 6' Qafcgac =4' Qjafml Qsbfcq

¦ ?446 ‑ Mll _fh`q _cqcrycb

xxx'TmcrgOmqcbXrffgh'ajk

=3 | T m h c

Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> Tmrcg‖q mgb Rcma`cr‖q Hsfbc j Qsbcg Xrffgh Qsaacqq

==' J`cr Fgalsbcq mll qsoncaq mgb tmtcrq x`fa` bjg‖ if fg `c j`cr ijlbcrq'& =?' F‖q Kfgc Ajrrcacb tmtcrq, ajktlccb xjre, mgb qsii `m fq “`cfrq'‛ M `jkc qsbcgq rckjyc mll `cqc tmtcrq bmflv jr xccelv' X`cg F cll qsbcgq “f‖q vjsrq‛ `cv ts m lflc “P‛ st fg `c ajrgcr ji `c tmtcr'&

Gjc> Vjs xfll lfeclv xmg j gmkc vjsr ijlbcrq m lflc bfiicrcg fg jrbcr j kcc vjsr jxg gccbq' Rcma`crq, fi vjs lfec `c qvqck, vjs kmv xmg j qjae st jg `c ijlbcrq x`cg `cv `myc `ck jg qmlc ijr "'=4' F xfll oc `mgbv j `myc qjkc fg `c almqq ijr rctlmackcgq ca'& Tlcmqc yfqf xxx'TmcrgOmqcbXrffgh'ajk mgb qcc `jx Tmcrg Omqcb Xrffgh> ]sfae ) Cmqv Cqqmv amg orfgh mojs rsc xrffgh qsaacqq'

Rcma` xrffgh R@CF_ xmvQfgacrclv, Tmsl Omrhcr xxx'TmcrgOmqcbXrffgh'ajk

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Xfq`fgh vjs Rjml Xrffgh Qsaacqq-

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xxx'TmcrgOmqcbXrffgh'ajk

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