Electric Powerline Networking in Smart Home

ELECTRICAL POWERLINE NETWORKING FOR SMART HOMES

OVERVIEW 1) 2) 3) 4)

5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

Introduction to Smarthomes. Goals & Functions of Smart Homes. Powerline Networking & its Need. Types of Powerline Technologies. a. Intellon CE-Bus b. LON Works c. X-10 d. Intelogis Plug-In e. Adaptive Networks Technology Advantages of Powerline Technology. Disadvantages of Powerline Technology. Applications of Powerline. Current Powerline devices. Conclusion

WHAT IS SMART HOME?? • A smart home or building is a home or building, usually a new one, that is equipped with special structured wiring to enable occupants to remotely control or program an array of automated home electronic devices by entering a single command. • Automated homes, Domotics, Networked Homes, Intelligent homes • Electrical devices used in the home to enhance the quality of life by providing more control over the user’s environment • Monitor Activities • Behavioral aspects • Design Considerations • Safety Issues

SMART HOME OUTLOOK

Smart Home Perspective .... a new kind of service delivery environment providing value to the consumer 21st Century Integration of comprehensive Living Environment

20th Century Functional System Integration makes life easier 19th Cenrury Elementary tasks based on Human Capability & Flexibility

Infotainment

Health care

Intelligent building Perspective... any device (Smart Machine) becomes a Point for Service Delivery to the enterprises

Intrusion detection

Digital Video surveillance Access control

Alarms management

Energy / Inventory …. Management

SMART HOME GOALS • Contribute to a better quality of life by increasing self control, self esteem, and enabling self-fulfillment.

• Allow the elderly to remain independent in the home or age in place by making everyday life easier. • Allow the home to adapt to the functional capabilities of the user. • Use health monitoring for prevention and early intervention. • Increase the efficiency of care services through the use of technology to provide care to people within their local environment. • Improve social environment.

SMART HOME FUNCTIONS • • • • • • • • • •

Control of systems Emergency help Temperature monitoring/ ventilation control Water and energy use Automatic lighting Door surveillance Cooker safety Property security Communications Assistive devices

• • • • • • • • • •

Water temperature control Window, blind, and curtain control On-line links ET and Edu services Cleaning functions Memory joggers/reminders Diary facility Lifestyle monitoring Medical monitoring Leisure devices

POWERLINE NETWORKING • Electric power line networking is a method of home networking which is capable of interconnecting electrical in your home. • It uses exciting AC wiring and power outlets to transmit data around a home or small offices. • It is based on the concept of 'no new wires'.

NEED OF POWERLINE TECHNOLOGY • COST EFFECTIVE

• NO NEW WIRES REQUIRED • EASY CONTROL OF ANY DEVICES • SPEED UPTO 500Mbps

HOW NETWORKING IS DONE

TYPES OF POWERLINE TECHNOLOGIES • • • • •

Intellon CEBus Echelon LON Work X-10 Intelogis PLUG-IN Adaptive Networks

CE-BUS •CE-Bus is an open architecture which explains how to make products communicate through: – Power line wires, Low voltage twisted pairs, Coax, Infrared, RF, and Fibre optics •CE-Bus based products consist of two components – A transceiver which implements spread spectrum technology – A controller to run the protocol •CE-Bus Power line Carrier uses Spread Spectrum technology. •CE-Bus protocol uses a Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection and Resolution(CSMA/CDCR) protocol to avoid data collisions. •Due to the high noise level of power line channels, data should be transmitted via short frames. – The requirement for short frames is met by a physical layer spread spectrum technology. – Each frame is transmitted on a raw data rate of 135 Kbps.

LON WORKS •LONWorks (Local Operation Networks) technology is an new solution for control networks developed by Echelon . •LONWORKS technology is a solution for implementing distributed control networks – These networks consist of nodes that communicate with one another over a variety of communications media using LonTalk protocol •The technology of distributed nodes can reduce the amount of wire and number of junctions by one or more orders of magnitude – As a result, the network has simpler field installation, increased reliability, and decreased cost

LON TALK PROTOCOL •Common message based protocol. •Protocol can run as fast as 20MHz.

•FEATURES OF LON TALK PROTOCOL -- Media Access -- Transaction Acknowledgement --Peer-to-peer Communication -- Authentication -- Priority transmissions -- Duplicate Message Detection -- Collision Avoidance -- Automatic Retries -- Mixed Data Rates

--Client-server support --Foreign Frame Transmission --Data type standardization & Identification --Unicast/Multicast/Broadcast Addressing --Mixed media support --Error detection & recovery

X-10 •Each bit requires a full 60 Hz Cycle & thus the X-10 transmission rate is limited to only 60 bps. •Usually a complete X-10 command consist of 2 packets with a 3 cycle gap between each packet -Each packet contains 2 identical messages of 11 bits (or 11 cycles) each. -A ccomplete X-10 command consumes 47 cycles that yield a transmission time of about 0.8s

X-10 •It is a powerline carrier protocol. •Allows compatible devices to communicate via 110V wiring in house.

•Transmits binary data using Amplitude Modulation Technique •To differentiate the data symbols, the career uses the zero voltage crossing point of 60 Hz AC sine wave on the cycle’s negative or positive transition. •Synchronized receivers accept the careers at each zero crossing point. -X-10 uses zero crossings to transmit binary digit to reduce errors.

INTELOGIS PLUG-IN •It is closely related to Open System Interconnection(OSI) model. >All OS layers - Application Layer PLUG-IN Common Application Layer(iCAL) Protocol. - Network Layer - PLUG-IN Power Line Exchange (PLX)Protocol - Transport Layer- PLUG-IN PLX Protocol - Data-Link Layer - PLUG-IN PLX Protocol - Physical Layer - PLUG-IN Digital Power Line (DPL) •PLUG-IN uses the CE-Bus Generic Common Application Language as its Application Layer protocol – But Intelogis uses a client/server topology instead of the peer-to-peer model – Using a client/server topology allows more of the intelligence of each PLUG-IN node’ s application to be placed in a centralized Application Server.

INTELOGIS PLUG-IN PLX PROTOCOL •PLX protocol defines rules of operation for the Data Link, Network, and Transport layers •PLX also defines the MAC portion of the data link layer – Uses a MAC protocol consisting of two separate access mechanisms • Datagram sensing multiple access (DSMA) • Centralized Token Passing (CTP) DPL PROTOCOL •At the physical layer, DPL protocol uses a modulation methodology called Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) to send digital signals over the power line – FSK modulation sends digital signals over the power line by using two or more separate frequencies that are in a fairly narrow band • PLUG-IN DPL single channel solution boasts line speeds of up to 350 Kilobits (Kbps) per second

ADAPTIVE NETWORKS TECHNOLOGY • Utilizes a

hybrid token passing media access schemes.

• A token-passing MAC provides : -- Reliable transfer of control in a noisy medium --Support for multimedia • It addresses: --False synchronization --Missed transmissions --Near-far problems

ADVANTAGES OF POWERLINE NETWORKING • • • • • •

ITS INEXPENSIVE USES EXISTING POWERLINE EASY TO INSTALL EVERY ROOM WILL HAVE MANY OUTLETS NO NEED OF NEW CARD TO COMPUTER OR ANY SOFTWARE SPEED UPTO 50Mbps

DISADVANTAGES OF POWERLINE NETWORKING • PERFORMANCE CAN BE IMPACTED BY HOUSE POWER USAGE • THE SPEEDS MAY VARY • OLDER WIRING CAN AFFECT THE PERFORMANCE • IT USES LARGE WALL DEVICES TO ACCESS DATA

APPLICATIONS

DEVICES BEING USED NOW • NETGEAR POWELINE ADOPTOR

• CORNEX POWERLINE ADOPTOR

CONCLUSION • No need for additional new wiring --Existing wires can be used as a medium --An inexpensive solution • A mature and proven technology for home automation – X-10, CEBus, LONWork, Plug-in, and Adoptive Network technologies have being used for many years

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