Elecs Superbook Answer Key
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6-1
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO
Past & Possible Answer Key
Section 0 Introduction to Unit Systems
Quiz 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.
A. D. C. A. A. A. B. C. B. B. A. D. B. D. B. D. A. D. B. C. B. D. A. A. A. D. B. C. D. C. A. A.
coulomb (C) volt (V) maxwell/gilbert gilbert/maxwell joule/second gauss/oersted ampere (A) gauss weber m-2·kg-1·s4·A2 coulomb/Volt weber/m2 volt-second m2·kg·s-2·A-2 henry/meter weber/ampere-turn m2·kg·s-3·A-1 weber/ampere weber m2·kg·s-3 gauss m-2·kg-1·s3·A2 Weber/m2 m2·kg·s-2·A-1 weber/m2 oersted m2·kg·s-3·A-2 ampere-turn/m ampere-turn joule (J) kg·s-2·A-1 maxwell
33. A. 34. B.
gilbert ampere-turn/weber
Section 1 Electricity & Magnetism
Quiz 2
1. 2.
B. C.
Ampere’s Law ∇xΗ=J
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
B. B. C. B. C. B.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
B. B. A. C. B. B. A.
19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
A.
29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39.
A. D. C.
remanence Remanent induction lodestone Ampere's law ferrites flux Valence A force set up when current flows through a conductor Gilbert Curie temperature 0.01257 50,000 G diamagnetic ampere small and positive Like poles repel, unlike poles attract soft magnetic materials The magnetic north pole ferromagnetism newton per coulomb 2,000 G nickel, cobalt and steel Core loss 6.24×1018 elementary charges Ampere’s Law high permeability but low coercivity Copper soft iron magnetic field magnetized electromagnetic radiation ideal inductance Curie temperature triboelectric effect magnetic induction flux density (a) Minimum (b) minimum North to South ferrimagnetism large and positive
D. B.
B. A.
C. B. C. D. D. B. B. B.
D. C. B. B. D. B. A. C.
40. C. 41. D. 42. C.
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43. 44. 45. 46.
B. D. A. C.
47. 48. 49. 50.
C. D. C. A.
51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57.
C. C. B. C. B. A. D.
58. C. 59. B. 60. B. 61. B. 62. D. 63. A. 64. B. 65. B. 66. B. 67. 68. 69. 70.
C. C. B. B.
71. B. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78.
A. D. A. C. C. C. A.
79. B. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87.
D. D. C. A. D. B. D. A.
Lenz’s law Residual linearity In inverse proportion to the square of the distance 78.5% nickel and 21.5% iron Bismuth electric motor in a direction determined by the left hand rule 180º Matter (a) 90º (b) 270º magnetic flux Conductance 10,000 G The conductivity of a material for magnetic lines of force attract each other Φ B= A James Clerk Maxwell Willard Boyle and George Smith permanent magnets, memory devices, and magnetic recording 0 Chromium Copper B μoH Keeper magnetomotive force current weber K 1+ μo Ampere’s law Michael Faraday magnetism Buck Converter Coercive force large and positive small and positive
4 π x 10 −7 Hm−1 antiferromagnetism A little greater than 1 slightly greater than 1 Flyback Transformer Fringing Fields compound magnetization paramagnetic
88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100.
A. C. D. A.
C. C.
D. B. A. A. B. B. A.
7999 1C Lorentz force law Coercivity retentivity Ampere-turns per meter tiny molecular magnets Diamagnetic Néel temperature Gauss's law flux Curie temperature leakage flux
Section 1 Electricity & Magnetism 1. 2.
D. C.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
B. D. A. B. D.
8.
D.
9. A. 10. B. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
A. A. C. A. B. B. D. B. A. D. B.
22. 23. 24. 25.
B. C. B. B.
26. B. 27. B. 28. A.
Quiz 3
Coercivity high remanence and high coercivity soft magnetic materials air cooled amorphous Magnetic induction low permeability NΦ I hysteresis coefficient of coupling for tightly coupled is zero magnetic line of force Remanence 8.854 × 10 -11 F/m magnetic field intensity diamagnetism small and negative Zero Coulomb’s first law Faraday’s law ferromagnetic current magnetic field and direction of force on a conductor induced field flux Motor action current induced into the armature Coulomb’s second law It is perpendicular to and equal along all parts of the conductor Energy
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Powerful Review Center 1st batch performance Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO
6-3
The Author Engr. Jason M. Ampoloquio Youngest Professional Electronics Engineer (PECE) President, Powerful Review Center Design Consultant MSECE Major in DSP-De La Salle University (units earned) BSECE-Central Colleges of the Philippines, 2000 HR Reyes Scholar Coach, IECEP Quizzers Champion: 1. ECE Quiz Show (1999) 2. 1st Brain Encounter (1998) 3. Physics Quiz Show (1996) 4. Mathematics Wizard (1996) 5. Inter Engineering Quiz Show (1995) Battle of the Brain School Representative (RPN-9) Quizzer-19th and 20th IECEP Quiz Show Author: 1. Electronics Engineering SUPERBook 2. EST SUPERBook EST Review Director Resource Speaker, Various Topics in Communications In-house reviewer, Various Colleges and Universities Sought after reviewer in Communications Engineering
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Powerful Review Center Lobby & Classroom
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Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO
Powerful Review Center Lobby Area
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6-5
Powerful Review Center Books & Room
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6-7
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64.
D. B. A. D. A. A.
All of the above 4.9 N current flow Hysteresis loss copper, manganese and nickel (a) Concentric circles (b) Perpendicular C. core D. Because separate lines of magnetic force link and combine their effects B. Magnetic induction D. direction of force on conductor B. 1,600 A·t B. mutual inductance and self inductance of the two coils D. flux and current flow D. A force set up when current flow through a conductor A. it does not affect the constant direct current C. Travels from north to south through the surrounding medium of a bar magnet C. it always opposes the cause producing it D. all of these A. The flux density, which exist in the iron core when the magnetic field intensity is reduced to zero D. ferromagnetic C. core saturation B. Weber theory D. demagnetizing metallic part B. Lenz's D. All of the above C. 63% of its final steady state value C. Keeper dΦ A. N dt B. 4,000 B. touching each other B. residual magnetism B. lodestone B. reluctance D. all of these A. (a) 16 (b) 8 A. (a) Magnetic flux, north to south, (b) Current
65. D.
L1 L2
66. C.
weber
67. B. 68. A. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76.
B. B. D. A. C.
C. B.
B.
hysteresis loss is one of attraction for the same direction of current flow 10 Gb/cm reluctance amount of current paramagnetic materials 3300 coulombs Neutron potential field Light energy is emitted
77. C.
M L1L 2
78. C. 79. C. 80. C.
residual magnetism low permeability reluctance L R
81. C. 82. C. 83. C.
B1.6 left-hand rule
84. A.
J / m3 / s
85. D. 86. C.
500 G using grain-oriented silicon steel diamagnetic superconductivity electron decrease by a factor of four Retentivity Photons in specific shells or orbits Eulectic alloy Any of the above centrifugal carbon hysteresis The electron will jump to an orbit further from the nucleus Seebeck
87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99.
B. C. D. A. D.
C. C. D. D. D. B. B.
D.
100. C.
Section 1 Electricity & Magnetism
Quiz 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
D. C. D. A. D. B. C. A.
electricity Electromagnetic induction magnetic susceptibility Flux matter Curie temperature Ampere’s law magnetic pole
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9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.
C. A. D. A. A. C. B. B. B. D. A. D. C.
Residual induction 5000 diamagnetic supermalloy Gaussmeter magnetism semi-conductor Lenz’s law Boost Converter 2×10–7 N/m oersteds A and B The phenomenon where RF current flows in a thinner layer of the conductor close to the surface, as frequency increases B. Air gap C. near to one end of a magnet B. ferrites C. flux density C. increasing the resistance of magnetic medium A. Aluminum B. Coercivity A. paramagnetism A. dynamic electricity A. 0.5 Gauss A. volt ampere C. Photons D. neutron D. photons D. Lenz law C. At/Wb D. repelled D. transformer action B. coulombs D. hall effect A. iron D. carbon A. flux lines C. magnetic flux C. reluctance D. all of these D. element D. all of these D. tesla D. all of these C. mixture A. diamagnetic A. increases C. domain C. thrust B. 200 A·t D. All of the above
59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77.
C. B. A. D. D. B. C. B. D.
78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83.
B.
84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89.
C.
D. C.
C. D. D.
B. A.
D. C. D.
D.
C. D.
B.
D.
C. B.
A. A.
A.
90. A. 91. D. 92. D. 93. C. 94. A. 95. A. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100.
B.
A. A.
D. C.
directly proportional magnetic lines of force can aid or oppose each other 166 joules All of the above 100 watts the reciprocal of the resistance cannot enter paramagnetic element hysteresis compound element degaussing Electron atom Proton Hall Effect Transducer it has an intrinsic coercivity greater than or equal to about 300 oersteds Ionized permeability The number of free electrons Intensity of magnetization Negative an atom with unbalanced charges Friction between two insulators 2A field intensity Positive hydrogen Unlike charges attract each other, like charges repel each other one Each of the above moving either the magnet or the coil electrophoresis magnetomotive force Entering negative charge, leaving positive charge atoms High-fidelity speakers Reluctance Both A and B above magnetic field
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Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO Section 2 Resistor & Resistance Basic 1.
A.
2.
D.
3. 4. 5.
C. D. A.
6. 7. 8.
A. D.
9.
B.
B.
10. C. 11. D. 12. C. 13. B. 14. D. 15. B. 16. C. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
C. A. D. D. B. B. B.
B. A.
26. 27. 28. 29.
B. B. D. C.
30. 31. 32. 33.
A. D.
C. D.
34. C.
Quiz 5 -8
1.59 x 10 5 R 6 temperature 3.6 ohms +/-10% G1 + G2 + G3 R1 conductance The resistance value changes with age is the inverse of the total circuit conductance heating, magnetic, and electric shock force field is equally applied to all branch conductances The nature of the material of the conductor only 4700 ohms + 5% 2.24 x 10-8 Typical power rating of a carbon-composition resistor ranged from 0.125 W to 2 W Potentiometer first digit its length increases all of these bleeder resistor 1% 3.4 ohms +/-2% (a) Two (b) three The resistance of the conductor is the hindrance by which the conductor opposes the flow of current 20% temperature coefficient Tolerance Resistance of a conductor which has a length of 1 m and cross-section of 1 m2 at 25ºC * red, red, red 0.001 inch Yellow The effective resistance is increased increases
35. D. 36. C. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41.
D.
42. 43. 44. 45. 46.
A. A.
47. 48. 49. 50.
C. D. C. C.
D. C. C. A.
B. C. B.
51. C. 52. C. 53. D. 54. D. 55. B.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62.
D. C. D. B. C. A.
63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74.
C. D. A. D.
A.
A. A. C. C. A. C.
D. B.
75. D. 76. A.
6-9
The square of current A reciprocal relationship 1.68 x 10-8 By the wattage rating 22,000 ohms + 10% 3V Directly to the conductive paths of a circuit board is always constant 1:4 Rheostat 4.2 Joules per calories The temperature should remain constant positive, negative Transistors 20% product of their R values divided by the sum of the two resistors the multipliers increase in resistance per ohm per degree centigrade Surface mount resistors Rheostat high in both directions until a voltage threshold level is reached, then resistance is low in both directions R4 decreases Carbon Potentiometer of interatomic collision linear Cross-sectional area is decreased, length is increased 4Ω 19 kohms + 20% 0.1 W either A or B Zero 25% 3:1 6Ω 3 multiturn variable Negative A voltage source and a conductor Carbon composition resistor 2
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77. C. 78. B. 79. A. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91.
C. D. C.
92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100.
D. C.
D. D. A. A. B.
A. A. C. B.
C. B. C. B. C. A.
D.
12 V 2.65 x 10-8 the resistance of the heater coil is more than that of the supply wires Red, black, gold wire-wound resistors 88 kΩ Current increases Aluminum Varistor a column of mercury thermistor Copper 4800 ohms ±10% 10.6 x 10-8 the temperature should remain constant semiconductor effect produced Wirewound resistor Second digit of the value voltage resistances Voltage dividers individual, combinations of Short
Section 3 Inductor & Inductance Basic
Quiz 6 1. 2. 3. 4.
B. B. C. C.
5. 6. 7. 8.
A. D. D. B.
9.
C.
10. A. 11. B. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
D. B. A. A. D. C.
the flow of current 0.0133 seconds 63% of its final steady state value High permeability and low reluctance an open circuit is unchanged at t = 0+ 4.2 μH 12.5 μH L R Increases inductance mutual inductance and self inductance of the two coils By core type current soft iron increases inductance direction of force on conductor 12 ohms
18. A. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
C. B. D. D. A. D. C.
26. B. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. the 32.
C. C. D. D. B. C.
33. B. 34. A. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43.
D. D. D. B. A. C. D. D. C.
44. A. 45. C. 46. D. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.
D. A. D. C. D.
52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57.
C. B. C. D. A. B.
dΦ dt 0.25 second touching each other all of these all of these Lenz's law Changes in current connected with many individual current paths coefficient of coupling for tightly coupled coil is zero Magnetic flux flux linkage the time constant all of these The magnetic flux ratio linking coils using grain-oriented silicon steel 0.1 microseconds Because all inductors have resistance which dissipates power 13.5% Resonant frequency Conductor tensility 4 solenoid conductivity 314 ohms Lenz law it always opposes the cause producing it An ac circuit 4.48 H tends to oppose changes in current all of these magnetic flux density Hysteresis loss core saturation Whenever the flux of one inductor causes an emf to be induced in another inductor exponential law 1990 kHz, 2010 kHz Flux linkage 63.2% Faraday’s law current, magnetic field and direction of force on a conductor N
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6-11
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 58. 59. 60. 61.
B. C. B. A.
62. C. 63. D. 64. B. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
A. D. B. D. C. A.
71. 72. 73. 74. 75.
B. D. D. D. D.
76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82.
A. B. D. B. A. A. C.
83. B. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88.
A. D. A. C. B.
89. D. 90. C. 91. A. 92. D. 93. D. 94. D. 95. D.
5 33.333 mH 90 degrees be doubled 1 2 LI 2 All of the above tends to oppose the decay of coil current Counter electromotive force Zero 109 ohms flux and current flow Increases inductance it does not affect the constant direct current 300 mH maximum Opposes change in current All of the above five time constants must have elapsed 2.0 henries Inertia 94 ohms Electromotive zero 0.0015 sec It opposes either a rise or a fall in current The left-hand rule for generators Toroid conductor doubles the reactance The collapsing magnetic field Leading the current by 90 degrees Large diameter coils have more wire and thus more flux 4 (a) Decrease (b) by 1/2 NΦ I
L1 L2 18.1 μH 0.98 μH
96. C.
97. 98. 99. 100.
A. A. C. D.
inductance characterizes the magnetic properties of a coil which are significant for the value of self-induce voltage generated due to current change in the coil magnetic field intensity They are dislodged from orbit Mutual inductance To support the windings
Section 4 Capacitor & Capacitance Basic
Quiz 7 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
B. A. A. A. A. C. C. C. D. A. D.
12. A. 13. C. 14. 15. 16. 17.
D. B. A. C.
18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
C. C. B. D. C. D. B. C. C. C. A. C. B.
31. C. 32. D. 33. D.
E0 7U0 7Q0 7C0 7C0 E0/7 U0/7 V0/7 polarity chip two plates separated by a dielectric RC when the capacitor is fully charged capacitance polarized Dielectric hysteresis electric field around the capacitor dry Elastance working voltage metal plates electrolytic opposes a change in voltage coulomb per volt 33 pF dielectric leakage resistance zero dc voltage capacitance is inversely proportional to the distance between the plates 4372 picofarad all of these all of these
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34. A. 35. D. 36. B. 37. 38. 39. 40.
C. A. C. B.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46.
B. D. D. B. D. C.
47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55.
C. B. C. C. B. C. B. A. A.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72.
D. A. B. C. C. C. D. D. C. A. B. B. A. A. D. C. B.
73. B. 74. 75. 76. 77.
B. A. A. C.
0.50 μF Leads the voltage by 90 degrees to bring positive charge of one coulomb from infinity to that point Dielectric-leakage 0.2 sec Newton’s law of gravitation They will distort in the opposite direction block dc and pass ac 10.0 picofarad Straight lines conductor Both A and C distance between the plates, dielectric and thickness of the plates Capacitor air capacitor 550 volts 3 kV Dielectric-hysteresis zero Plates Reactance leads the applied voltage by 90 degrees picofarads 3 farads reduces 8 positive cuts the reactance in half Decreases A capacitor Vacuum, air Dielectric increasing the area of plates 2.76 pF Tank circuit 34 pF looks like an open circuit Block DC and pass AC current the equation for capacitive reactance F 8.854 x 10 −12 m Pi-L network crystal Both cause the storage of energy 7.12 MHz
78. 79. 80. 81.
D. A. C. C.
82. B. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89.
B. A. C. D. C. B. B.
90. A. 91. D. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100.
D. A. D. D. C. B. C. D. B.
electrostatic field Approximately 1 Ewald Georg von Kleist (a) Attracts them to the positive charges (b) Distorts their orbits an insulator between two metal plates in a capacitor By their dielectric materials Oil working voltage Thickness of the plates 10 μF Elastance The plates are moved closer together (a) Glycerine, (b) Pure water high capacitance and low insulation resistance Stores electrical energy 200 volts Vacuum 9.55 ohms 1 reduce the working voltage mica force Willard Boyle and George Smith
Section 5 Transformer Fundamentals
Quiz 8 1.
A.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
D. C. B. B. C. C. A. B. D. A. D. A. C. A. A. B.
The transfer of energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic action low iron-loss Air core transformer the same primary winding 100 watts turn ratio variable transformer One A magnetic shield extract moisture of the air Air, soft iron, and steel Per unit impedance hollow-core Same at all levels Exciting current High voltage winding of small rating transformer
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Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
C. A. C. A. B. D. D. C. A. B. B.
29. C. 30. D. 31. C. 32. B. 33. A. 34. C. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41.
A. C. D. B. A. A. B.
42. 43. 44. 45.
A. D. D. B.
46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56.
D. C. A. B. B. B. B. D. C. D. B.
57. D. 58. C. 59. D. 60. D.
the self-induced emf 12 V Mutual induction primary emf leakage flux 500 watts leakage flux near full load increase output power 300 Using magnetic core of low reactance The secondary induced emf red and yellow The direction of turns of wire on the primary and secondary windings mutual inductance, self-inductance the turn ratio is equal to 1 The size of the transformer will reduce The secondary induced emf the turn ratio is greater than 1 Both A and B magnetic circuit As low as possible volt-amps the number of secondary turns divided by the primary turns a step-down transformer all of these 90 to 98% 180o out of phase in a transformer all of these opposite to the turns ratio 60 VAC Primary current is small the turn ratio is less than 1 60 volt-amps increase the output voltage kVA insulation and cooling Air core transformer k = line voltage ratio step-down type Is less than the resistance of its high voltage side Decreasing the thickness of laminations divided, multiplied, the square of the turns ratio
61. C. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71.
A.
Decrease the reluctance of the magnetic path save power
A. B.
40.7 V 23 V
C. C. C. C. A. A. A.
72. D. 73. D. 74. C. 75. A. 76. D.
77. A. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82.
C. B. A. C. C.
83. C. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92.
C. A. A. B. B. C. A. C. C.
93. B. 94. B. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100.
6-13
B. A. C. B. A. D.
power, power Oil-cooling voltage P 1 to 3% autotransformer Eddy currents heat up the metal parts Isolation transformer Without changing power, frequency or shape The primary is connected to the source: the secondary is connected to the load It has only one winding A high-voltage transformer has more insulation between the layers of windings than does a low-voltage transformer Rs
k2 continuity Power transformer 100 V Air core A step-down transformer V2 V1
Secondary winding autotransformer Not change inductor Decreases the weight per kVA 999.9 V about the same excitation The flux linkage between the two windings low voltage side Its value cannot be stepped up or down by transformer increased inductive reactance Source current Lenz’s law Eddy autotransformer Low reactance
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Section 6 Cells & Batteries 1. 2.
B. A.
3.
B.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
C. C. D.
A. D. A. D.
C. C. D. D.
A.
16. D. 17. B. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
B. B. A. A. D.
23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31.
A.
32. 33. 34. 35. 36.
D. C.
D. B. B. C. C.
D. B. D.
B. B.
A.
37. 38. 39. 40.
A. C. B.
D.
Quiz 9
96, 485 Coulombs/mole Avogadro's number times the electron charge the cell voltage times the number of moles of electrons transferred times the Faraday constant Faraday constant anode, cathode, electrolyte all of these Zinc container more stable in their output applying a reverse voltage all of these In a refrigerated space Both A and B above all of these total voltage increases It has a very stable output voltage Connecting the anode and cathode together without a load the current increases; the voltage increases first in series, then in parallel 1500 hours 8 468 x 1018 electrons per second Two electrodes of the same metal provide the highest voltage output Law’s of electrolysis All the above Alkaline cell Secondary local action Discharging the cells All of the above Lithium organic prevents or slows down local action All of the above Emergency equipment batteries Electrolyte Specific gravity Silver-cadmium
41. B. 42. B. 43. C. 44. C. 45. D. 46. D. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57.
B. B. B. B. B.
C. C. B. B.
A. B.
58. D. 59. C. 60. D. 61. D. 62. C. 63. B. 64. C. 65. B. 66. D. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71.
D. B. A. D.
B.
72. A.
73. D.
1
I, II, and III types of plates and electrolyte The secondary cell can be recharged by passing current through it in the proper direction amalgamating the electrode with mercury Check the technical manual for information on the specific type of battery Silver-zinc cell Enough so the float will rise without entering the suction bulb increase in current capacity chemical action to electrical energy 8.4 V chemical means 6 local action and polarization 1270 Fresh water 1.5 V Primary Magnesium cell Distilled water Silver-zinc nE i= R + nr Buckling increase the current capacity Terminals should be electrically connected together before transporting a battery Flush with fresh water A carbon zinc cell has unlimited shelf life increase voltage output Cell It converts the produced hydrogen into water Current increases Manganese dioxide 6.85 hours can be recharged 200 hr E R + nr Primary cell
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Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 74. B. 75. 76. 77. 78.
C. A. D. D.
79. 80. 81. 82. 83.
C.
84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100.
C. A. C.
A. C. C. C.
C. D. D.
A. C. B.
B. B. D. A. C. B. A. D.
lead, lead peroxide and dilute sulphuric acid The NiCd cell is primary type it is rechargeable Battery charge short time and can be recharged Dry cell 15 amperes charging an accumulator Increases voltage supply the terminal voltage and strength of the electrolyte Selenium cells 1.15 Self discharge Normal nickel cadmium batteries Type D Decrease the charging rate sulphuric acid to water Primary cells Steady gassing 1866 the area of the plates 8 6 amperes for 10 hours Negative and positive ions keep the electrolyte level low 4.2 V
Section 7 DC Electrical Concepts
Quiz 10 1. 2. 3.
B.
4.
B.
5. 6. 7. 8.
A. D. Zero current through it D. Five
9.
D.
D. D.
C.
10. A. 11. C.
attraction, negative Mechanical larger than the largest resistor current it is not possible to disconnect the power Shorted fuse
a person to seize the line and not be able to let go (a) Decreases (b) increases the heart to go into fibrillation Trip free
12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
D. Armature B.
C. B.
B. B.
C. D.
D.
21. B. 22. C. 23. C. 24. C. 25. D. 26. B. 27. D. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
D.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46.
C.
B. B.
C. D. B.
B. D. C. C.
B. C. B.
D. B.
plastic The armature resistance aluminum A burnishing tool
A small internal resistance
ET = ER1 = ER2 ... = ERn. energized (a) Decreases (b) increases silicon PT Place your finger on the cover and feel the relay contact movement greater than the largest resistor zero temperature coefficient Locked-out An amount determined by the combined resistance of the remaining branches voltage, resistance and current
Is constant The current of the source inductor capacitor fuse Rheostat (a) Increase (b) decrease voltage divider Microswitch stability
Zero voltage across it A light switch a short circuit Toggle from, into
B. Is constant D. Maximum B. An ignition switch on a motor
47. B. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52.
6-15
A. D.
vehicle The current will drop to 10% of its original value A multicontact switch unaffected
D. Less than 10 ohm C.
add
D. ground between two of the
53. C.
dividing resistors troubleshooting
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54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
A. C. D.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
A.
Coulomb's voltage Maximum The electron theory (a) Decrease (b) increase logical, systematic
B.
Infinite internal resistance
71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96.
C.
C. B.
less than grounded divide watts by 746 Yellow 3
B. Second approximation D. Locked-in B. B.
D. D.
C.
D. C.
C. D. D. B.
B.
D. D.
A. B.
A.
D.
A. A.
A. A. D. A. B.
C. A.
B. C. C.
A.
D.
C.
97. C. 98. D. 99. D. 100. C.
resistive signal tracing A coil attracts a soft iron core when current flows in the coil desoldering Two A starter for a motor vehicle R2 has opened Power R2 has shorted current Three current probe Momentary R3 has opened It is leaving a junction
Section 7 DC Electrical Concepts 1.
C.
2. 3.
C.
4.
B.
5.
C.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
C.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
B. A.
C.
C. D. D. A.
B. B.
C.
16. B. 17. B. 18. D. 19. B.
Ideal approximation
BTU as few everywhere the same addition Voltage drop 50% amperage Equivalent resistor times older Equal A and C To isolate a faulty circuit without affecting other circuits Be sure to "tag out" the fuseholder when you remove the fuse
A large internal resistance Nontrip free A point bender
20. 21. 22. 23.
C. D. C.
C.
24. C. 25. C. 26. D. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.
B. C.
B.
D.
D. B.
33. D.
Quiz 11
The equivalent resistance is smaller than 4 kΩ A reciprocal relationship less than the smallest resistance The resistance value changes with age equal to the sum of the individual resistances decrease, increase Wirewound resistor 7.07 V The power level is quadrupled All of the points on a voltage node are at the same potential 4 58.1 Vp Size at the source with total current The maximum current that will flow through a fuse without opening the fuse The current doubles uses current flowing through its coil to actuate electric contacts adding Secure the circuit immediately by removing power at the nearest switch resistive branch ohm To adjust the power level of a device is the same for every resistor in the circuit, regardless of the selection of resistor values Direct short The maximum voltage across a fuse that will not jump the open fuse transmissive and reflective +15 V, -9 V A voltage source parallel block Aluminum the rate energy is used over time 41 Vp
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6-17
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 34. B. 35. A. 36. D. 37. D. 38. A. 39. C. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46.
A.
47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.
A. D. B.
59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74.
A. D. D.
A. B. A.
B.
D.
B.
B.
D.
D. B. D. A.
D. B.
B.
C. C.
B.
B. A. D. C.
D. A.
A. C. C. C.
75. B. 76. A. 77. A.
conductors Copper undergoes an electrical change in response to a physical change rotary Cross-sectional area is decreased, length is increased smaller than the smallest resistor parallel with each other Zero P1820.5 3V (a) Two (b) three the largest resistor (a) Increases (b) decreases heat no branches exist RT 7.46 kWh Electric charge A voltmeter check of the fuse 0V all of the above Electric potential High resistance low-voltage direct current Use an ohmmeter and place a resistor in series with the fuse increase, increase 5.7 Ω, 27.7 W Electric current A fusepuller electric charge Put the fuse back in the circuit coulomb William Gilbert tingling sensation 15 V Negative Can't let go Negative defibrillation summed together to find ET divide the total of R1 times R2 by the total of R1 plus R2 IV, II, III, I can be different for each resistor (a) Equals (b) divides
78. C.
79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84.
D.
85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92.
B.
93. 94. 95. 96.
D.
B.
B. B. C.
D. B. B.
A.
C. D.
A. C.
B.
is the same for every resistor in the circuit, regardless of the selection of resistor values Input power voltage the largest amount of current Open 1286 mW 831 mW (a) Becomes infinite (b) Decreases to zero Ventricular fibrillation Excessive current 2400 mW Fuses and circuit breakers Stephen Gray mascular inhibition Abnormal heating it is the sum of the branch current In series 1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 ... + 1/Rn
C. Zero internal resistance D. Electrons moving from
97. A. 98. C. 99. C. 100. D.
negative to positive less than any resistor The current is cut in half There is an error and you should recheck your measurements Current increases
Section 8 Electrical Laws & Theorems 1.
A.
2.
D.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
D. A. B. D. B. C. B. A. A. C. A. C. B.
Quiz 12
around any closed path equals zero entering and leaving any point equals zero Peltier effect node Davisson-Germer experiment Faraday's law Thevenizing the circuit Norton’s Thévenin’s Stefan-Boltzmann law the superposition Millman’s theorem Faraday's law AC as well as DC circuits Their internal impedance
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16. D. 17. C. 18. 19. 20. 21.
A. B. C. A.
22. B. 23. C. 24. B. 25. B. 26. C. 27. C. 28. D. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.
B. D. A. B. C.
34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
C. D. B. D. B. D. D.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
C. D. D. C. C.
46. 47. 48. 49. 50.
D. B. D. C. B.
51. C. 52. B.
53. A.
All of the above a 1.33-mA source and a 3-kΩ resistance in parallel Stokes' law Fermat's principle AC as well as DC circuits short RL, determine IL, make IL = IN Internal conductance changes by the reciprocal ratio a 15.3-V source in series with a 5.1-kΩ resistance changes by the same ratio Loop multiple current and/or voltage sources current source and a shunt resistor Has zero internal resistance A and C are correct Ideal current source Bilateral network Current source is a passive element Nortonizing the circuit All of the above Joule's law Both A and B Laplace an open circuit Ideal voltage source is one whose internal conductance is zero Neumans law Norton's theorem Law of electrostatic attraction Ampere's law BCS (Bardeen, Cooper, Schrieffer) theory Biot-Savart law Millman’s theorem Child's law Heater coil emf E1 and internal impedance Z1 a short circuit All independent voltage sources are short circuited and all independent current sources are open circuited Faraday's first law of electromagnetic induction
54. B. 55. D.
56. D. 57. C. 58. A. 59. A. 60. C. 61. D. 62. B. 63. B. 64. 65. 66. 67.
A. A. C. C.
68. C. 69. C. 70. A. 71. A. 72. C. 73. C. 74. D. 75. B. 76. B. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90.
A. D. D. C. B. C. A. A. D. B. C. B. C. C.
Thevenin equivalent resistance is calculated when all voltage sources are open circuited sum of the total currents flowing out of a junction equals the sum of the total currents flowing into that junction current efficiency is 100% Norton’s equivalent is the voltage equivalent of the network efficiency is greater than 50% To find dc level in a network that has both sources Infinity Faraday's second law of electromagnetic induction A constant current source and impedance in parallel 10 sec, 0.985 V Eth = InZth = InZn 69.3 ms short all voltage and current source Both A and B open RL, determine VL, make VL = VTH Norton’s theorem voltage source and a series resistor Sources Faraday's third law of electromagnetic induction Must be equal to load impedance Reduced by 1/3
V2 4R Linear responses only Ohm’s law Jacob's law Ampere's law -9 V Kirchhoff's current law Gauss’s law Generators are not present Ampere’s law Brewster's law Coulomb's first law Faraday’s law Coulomb's second law Michael Faraday
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Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100.
B. B. A. A. A. B. D. A. A. B.
Thevenin's theorem Grosh's law Passive network only Kirchhoff's voltage law individual, combinations of Rayleigh's law A or B Its zero internal impedance Faraday's first law of electrolysis Faraday's second law of electrolysis
Section 10 AC Electrical Concepts
Quiz 13 1. 2.
D. A.
3. 4. 5.
D. B. B.
6. 7. 8.
D. C. D.
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
D. A. B. A. D. B. D. A. A. C. B. C.
21. A. 22. B. 23. B. 24. 25. 26. 27.
C. D. B. D.
e2 lags e1 by θ The voltage or current associated with the resistive component instantaneous value 1500 VAR The voltage or current associated with the reactive component 1 kVAR It is equivalent to a pure resistance 1 74.31∠7.77° Ω AC is reversing direction period 1400 times frequency 12 V Reduction in power losses frequency 400 watts high power factor one half the resistance of one wire Effective value resistance preventing short circuit between two conducting wires 0.6 be decreased rectangular form Volt-coulomb
28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
B. D. C. B. B. A. D. B. B. A. D. B. D.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59.
B. B. C. C. B. D. D. A. B. B. B. A. C. B. C. D. D. B. C.
60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
C. C. D. B. D. B.
66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77.
A. A. B. C. D. C. D. C. D. C. B. C.
6-19
polarity, direction pulsating direct current speed, direction cosine 1.414 90 degrees out of period rms value/average value infinity Series equal impedance Square wave equal to generator’s internal resistance Zero j2 never Zero 2.5 ohms Resistance to impedance 2.5 ohms rms Circuit-control devices Sine 19.98 V -1 bias Unity along the surface 90sin((ωt-71.5°) Resonant purely resistive current varies directly as the voltage and inversely as the resistance Draw more current 34.98 V Wavelength current lags voltage coupling difference between the two reactances frequency Open circuit Active current to line current 66.6 ohms Watts to volt ampere 200 V Increase two-fold 100 V, 100 Hz 550 ohms Always leading resistance Breakdown voltage
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78. B. 79. B. 80. B. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92.
D. D. A. B. A. B. A. B. A. B. C. A.
93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100.
D. C. D. C. D. D. D. B.
increases, decreases real power is the square root of a negative number 5.455 A complex number Fuse counterclockwise 90° 3.50 hp Impedance to resistance 360 degrees positive temperature coefficient Effective value piezoelectric, piezoelectric in The switch contacts return to their normal rest position reactive true 1.25 watts Voltage divider 42.4sin(50πt) 2238 watts infinite A connection point between two or more conductors
Section 10 AC Electrical Concepts 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
C. B. B. D. C. D. A. A. B.
10. D. 11. D. 12. A. 13. A. 14. A. 15. B.
Quiz 14
180 2.51 ms Resistance the voltage is the same in value and phase throughout the circuit One circular mil 2 watts y = bx zero One wire is at ground voltage; the voltage on the other wire goes alternately positive and negative (compared to ground) y = b-x Reactive power There are three AC voltages, phased 120 degrees apart on three or four wires It would double Vdc = 5.3 V, Vrms = 8.39 V 14.5 mA
16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
B. A. B. D. B. B. C. D. B.
25. 26. 27. 28.
C. D. C. A.
29. B. 30. C. 31. A. 32. C. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. the 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56.
D. A. D. D. D. A. A. A. B. A. D.
57. 58. 59. 60.
D. B. D. C.
C. C. D. D. A. B. A. C. C. C. A. C. A.
To decrease the reactive power 39067 ohms 25,300 ohms 8,301 ohms f = np 72.0 volts Load is in phase with AC can be readily stepped up or down larger than R
V
0V the voltage leads the current by 90 degrees Application to AC circuit having its impedance used in place of resistance Touching a high voltage with one hand, and "ground" with the other dc to ac turn on and off 120 times per second 0.25 ohms peak value spectrum analyzer All nodes in the circuit A or B 0 volts ripple average Effective current Joule A resistor placed in series with load 240 cycles amplitude and direction Potential energy current flow reactive power 1.92 Ω Never mix values ratio Toggle switch R, XL Two is in phase with A voltage that opposes the applied EMF A magnetic field 40 ohms is in phase with Amplitude versus time
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6-21
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 61. D. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71.
C. B. D. D. A. A. D. C. C. A.
72. D. 73. C. 74. D. 75. A. 76. C. 77. D. 78. A. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84.
B. D. D. D. A. B.
85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99.
A. A. C. C. B. C. B. C. C. A. C. A. D. B. C.
100. D.
The rms voltage is always greater than the average voltage leads Two is in phase with Peak value smaller Excessive heat condition increases, decreases Instantaneous value switch the resistor is open or the capacitor is shorted Sine waves in phase purely resistive the magnetic field, the coil, the slip rings the effective value triangular waves use out-of-phase harmonics Volt ampere multiples of the fundamental frequency effective value 1.11 the resistance value all of these Decreased the impedance is more inductive 1.274 A effective value 54.9 ohms 660 watts linear 6.95 A Linear circuit 141.4 ohms current flow peak to peak value 0° out of phase 6.5 A lags voltage by 90° Effective voltage Resistors dissipate energy as heat, capacitors store energy in an electric field, and inductors store energy in a magnetic field 187 ohms
Section 11 RLC Circuits & Resonance 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
A. D. B. A. C. B.
7.
C.
8. 9.
A. C.
10. C. 11. B.
Quiz 15
0.136 all of these equal Current high, impedance low inductor, resistor the voltage lags the current by 90 degrees When the inductive and capacitive reactances are equal 478 kHz XC varies inversely with frequency at the resonant frequency 1
1 R2 − 2 LC 2L 63% 100 ∠-37° V 47.3 kHz wide bandwidth resistance, impedance resonance 1 10.1 MHz 200 V halved the voltage across L and C >applied voltage 0.027 μF maximum, minimum 50 kHz The matching network can cancel the reactive part of an impedance and change the value of the resistive part of an impedance total circuit voltage current, total voltage 1868 ohms 0, 1 10.3 MHz 1 2π
12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
B. C. D. C. B. B. B. D. A. A. C.
23. 24. 25. 26.
D. B. B. B.
27. 28. 29. 30. 31.
C. C. D. C. B.
32. B.
2π LC − 33. B. 34. B. 35. A.
(RC )2 2
apparent seconds 14.5 MHz
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36. D. 37. D. 38. C. 39. C. 40. 41. 42. 43.
D. A. C. D.
44. C. 45. D. 46. B. 47. B. 48. B. 49. C. 50. D. 51. A. 52. B. 53. D. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.
D. C. C. D. B.
59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64.
B. C. D. A. C. D.
65. D. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73.
C. C. A. B. D. B. B. C.
74. C. 75. C.
inductive All of the above Wattles, non-productive power f2 − f1 f1 − f0 maximum minimum resistive decrease in bandwidth in series circuit and decrease in parallel circuit 3.56 MHz series circuit is capacitive and parallel circuit is inductive decreases VR , VL Determined solely by the dc resistance maximum in series circuit and minimum in parallel circuit The current circulating in the parallel elements is at a minimum minimum arctan XL/R changes in stored energy in inductance and capacitance Resonance maximum negative, positive high resonant frequency The frequency at which capacitive reactance equals inductive reactances leads , between 0° and 90° 1536 ohms inductive lags Tank circuit maximum, unity
76. 77. 78. 79. 80.
B. C. C. C. D.
81. 82. 83. 84.
B. C. A. A.
85. D.
86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98.
C. B. A. D. B. A. A. B. C. C. A. D. B.
99. A. 100. C.
capacitive Higher voltage, resistor voltage 18.9 kHz resistance, impedance 57,019 ohms inductive voltage, total voltage 23.7 MHz 1 R2 − 2 LC L 16.5 kHz 1 2π
2π LC leads voltage by 90°
Section 12 AC & DC Generators
Quiz 16
2
R 2 + ( X L −X C )
Decreased capacitance impedance, resistance 14.5 MHz XL-XC The resonant frequency cannot be easily changed leads , between 0° and 90° greater accuracy and stability down, impedance 144 seconds X R or sin−1 L or cos −1 Z Z −1 XL tan R capacitive 18.4 MHz 29.1 MHz all of these decreases lags, 90° inductor voltage leads current lags it is at a maximum 5V always, resonant, XL=XC power factor 90 degrees out of 1
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
C. B. C. D. C.
6. 7. 8.
C. B. B.
Flux and speed pulsating dc Prime mover Both A and B Interpoles and compensating windings design of the armature winding Laminating the iron in the core R c α speed
9. B. 10. B.
Dynamotor E=V+IaR a
11. B.
interpoles
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Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 12. D. 13. D. 14. C.
55. C. 56. D. 57. A.
15.
58. B. 59. D.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54.
I, II, and III 0.100 it reverses the direction of current flow D. By varying the voltage applied to the electromagnetic field coils D. Both A and B C. dynamo D. Hippolyte Pixii B. Separately excited generator A. relative motion between the field and the armature coils C. When there is improper commutation C. series, series C. the direction of the end connection B. the rated-load voltage is greater than the no-load voltage A. resultant pitch B. The commutator A. to increase the speed of rotation A. 1% regulation B. electric charge C. Hysteresis loss A. voltage over a narrow load range D. Serve as power amplifier C. self excited C. the rated-load voltage is less than the no-load voltage D. A or C A. Armature reaction 2 x # of conductors C. N= # of poles D. Multiple coil armature B. long shunt B. Compound-wound D. copper loss D. Elementary generator B. 100% φZN ⎛ P ⎞ B. E= 60 ⎜⎝ A ⎟⎠ D. Flux lines are not being cut C. rate of change of flux is maximum D. Series-wound B. winding pitch B. Multi pole generator C. self excited generator D. High-current B. parallel with the field B. Field excitation C. low voltage, high current
60. 61. 62. 63.
A. D. D. B.
64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74.
C. B. A. B. D. D. C. D. A. B. B.
75. 76. 77. 78. 79.
B. B. B. C. B.
80. 81. 82. 83.
C. A. C. A.
84. C. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95.
C. D. C. D. A. D. A. B. C. C. C.
96. B. 97. C.
6-23
Alternating current remains the same The output voltage varies as the load current varies commutator Rotating field and rotating armature Self excited generator 85-95% Direction of current flow demagnetizing effect of armature reaction Lap-wound shunt generator Shunt-wound shunt generator Armature reaction Both B and C The armature Alternator Voltage regulation 0% using commutator with large number of segments Flux and speed magnetic neutral axis (MNA) Parallel saturation of iron heat-treated silicon steel laminations compound generators Lap-wound and Wave- wound alternator the rated load voltage is the same as the no-load voltage neutralize cross-field of armature reaction and obtain ideal commutation provide dc field excitation Left-hand rule 90° Amplidyne reduce eddy current loss Slip rings crowded, weaken Motor reaction shunt generator Parallel operation Magnetic induction θ ATo=ZI x m 2π Slip rings
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98. B. 99. B. 100. C.
current which is getting reversed Prime mover brush loss
Section 13 AC & DC Motors 1.
B.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
A. D. C. B. C. A. D.
9. C. 10. A. 11. C. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
A. A. C. C. D.
17. C. 18. A. 19. B. 20. A.
21. B. 22. 23. 24. 25.
A. C. B. B.
26. B.
27. D.
Quiz 17
A wire with a current exerts a force when in the presence of a magnetic field Constant speed Armature reaction Direction of flux north to south 6 90o Drum wound armature An internal self-generated voltage, proportional to speed, that subtracts from the applied voltage Universal Voltage regulation High no-load speed, high stall torque To limit armature current Motor series motor 600 rpm Can use slip rings in place of brushes 2 The polarity of armature current and direction of magnetic flux f ' = Sf Motor is driven with voltage dc voltage. As the voltage is increased, the torque increases T α V
2
The armature and the field Increased field voltage Single-phase induction Increases the torque and decreases the current due to increase impedance The motor is driven with repetitive pulses. As the pulse width increases, the torque increases (the frequency stays the same) Synchronous
28. B. 29. A. 30. B. 31. A. 32. A. 33. A. 34. B. 35. C. 36. B.
37. C. 38. A. 39. C. 40. A. 41. A. 42. B. 43. B. 44. B. 45. B. 46. A. 47. B. 48. A. 49. C. 50. C. 51. B. 52. A. 53. 54. 55. 56.
B. C. D. B.
120f ' P the angle between the rotating stator flux and rotor poles Generator action Reverse the polarity of the motor wires the force required to accelerate the rotor to the synchronous speed in an instant is absent Motor set The mechanical device the motor moves It allows a dc motor to be powered by an ac power source A shunt motor maintains a more constant speed under varying load conditions than a series motor Rotor runs at a speed which is always lesser than the speed of the stator field remove the stator winding and turn it around 75 N −N % slip = s x 100% Ns Ns − N =
Temporarily connecting the motor wires to a resistor for braking increases to 2x the original value Induction motor Nikola Tesla both supply voltage and frequency simultaneously Decreases with increase in load Has no brushes; power is electronically switched to the field coils The "normal" force pressing the materials together The synchronous speed The number of poles and the speed of rotation 5° The armature speeds out of control two 1800 hot-wire relay The object will accelerate at a constant rate
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6-25
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO
57. B. 58. C. 59. C. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64.
A. B. D. D. A.
65. C. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
B. A. B. A. B.
71. D. 72. A. 73. C.
74. B. 75. C. 76. A. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81.
D. C. C. A. B.
82. 83. 84. 85.
B. C. B. D.
86. A. 87. B.
120f P How much "twisting force" is being applied The total amount of energy remains the same Steady load, high torque Rotating magnetic field The system is underdamped All of the above It is vibrated at a frequency at its resonate frequency The rotor by shifting its phase backward causes motor to take more current Shaft It causes the speed to decrease Very small starting torque 300 rpm Slower than the synchronous speed To disconnect the power coming from one rotating shaft to another shaft In the direction of rotation The AC goes to the rotor and sets up a "rotating field". The stator gets power for its magnetic field through induction Slip rings armature current To provide some phase shift for the start winding, so the motor can start 8 poles It decreases It is self-starting Slip ring By reversing either the armature connections or the field connections Runs without any "slip" It can run on AC or DC Synchronous motor The START button seals on a relay that closes the motor contacts, the STOP button breaks the seal and de-activates the relay Universal motors To vary the frequency and voltage in a coordinated manner Ns =
88. A. 89. B.
90. D. 91. A. 92. A. 93. B. 94. A. 95. D. 96. D. 97. 98. 99. 100.
A. D. D. D.
The motor stops An actuator that creates a force by the principle of advancing a "nut" on a rotating threaded shaft Rotor speed is either less or more than synchronous speed 59.5% The electric is slower and weaker than the hydraulic actuator An electro-magnetic powered short-stroke linear actuator Series motor applied voltage Sequentially energized electro-magnets the motor will stop Prime mover Rotating-field Zero
Section 1 Semiconductor Physics 1. 2. 3.
D. D. C.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
D. D. D. D. A. B. B. C.
Quiz 18
Gallium Zero The characteristic curve graph of the diode An insulator negative to positive Increasing battery voltage Electron the doping level Electrons 1N563 Thermal energy
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12. B. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
D. B. A. C. A. D. A. A. A. B. D. C. A.
26. D. 27. D.
28. C. 29. B. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
D. A. B. C. C. A.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43.
D. A. D. B. D. D. A. A.
44. B. 45. A. 46. C. 47. C. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53.
D. A. A. D. B. C.
The diffusion of electrons and holes moving across the junction into the two materials Silicon and germanium +1 depletion region unipolar Troubleshooting reverse junction breakdown linearly Forward negative ion conduction electrons Majority Extrinsic minority carriers that are thermally produced answer A, B and C The electrons will tend to move towards the positive terminal and the holes towards the negative terminal Atoms the boundary of a p-type and an n-type material Crystal thermal runaway Crystal Insulator an electron falls into a hole When reverse bias exceeds the limiting value answer A, B and C It is shorted 50 V Forbidden band answer B or C Electrons Covalent bond The separation between the conduction and valence bands Pentavalent majority carriers (a) Semiconductor (b) Valence band reverse-biased, breakdown voltage answers A, B and C protons and electrons A few free electrons and holes Electron Increases free electron current and hole current
54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61.
B. B. A. A. A. C. A. C.
62. A. 63. B. 64. C. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76.
B. A. D. B. B. B. D. A. B. D. A. B.
77. B. 78. C. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84.
A. B. C. D. A. A.
85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94.
B. C. A. B. C. A. D. D. A. D.
95. 96. 97. 98.
D. B. D. D.
Right valence electrons, hole, hole 1 majority, p-type, holes biasing 8 Neutral in the most distant orbit from the nucleus atoms, symmetrical pattern, crystal Recombination a valence electron breaks away from the atom 0.7 V acceptor atoms All of the above valence band, atom 0.82 eV increase in level 0.265 eV band gap Barrier potential holes Alloy Junction eight valence electrons because all are with other atoms Peak forward current It is the point at which rectification takes place 0 increase N-type only answer B and C 0 a dc voltage is applied to control the operation of a device 0.23 ohm Opto electronics Load resistance is low a unique type of atom minority Hole answer A and C minority avalanche Electrons are drawn to the grid and do not reach the plate must be greater than 0.7 V neutral none of these 0.265 eV
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Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 99. D. 100. D.
P type A dynamic electrical check with a diode test set
Section 1 Semiconductor Physics
Quiz 19 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
B.
doping
D. No holes or free electrons C. D.
A.
shells, electrons a p-type semiconductor
Positive ions
C. C. A. D.
Collision 3 silicon p-type, 3
C.
Reverse current
C. C. D. A. B.
conducts current Ionization extrinsic the diode barrier potential majority
D. Breakdown voltage B.
C. A.
20. 21. 22. 23.
C.
24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41.
D. B. D. B. A.
C. B. C.
donor atoms
Surface-leakage current
increase the number of free electrons
0.7 V
covalent bond electron and proton may not be equal to the number of protons Zero electron-hole pair all of these 0.82 eV positive, negatively, uncharged
D. Positive charges
C. D. A. C. D. A. B. A.
valence band, valence electrons P-type material I and IV only donor atoms 4.3 V conduction intrinsic 0.555 eV
C.
0.7 V
B.
Depletion region
A.
Very small
B.
an equal number of mobile and ionic charges
42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.
B.
51. 52. 53. 54. 55.
C. A. C.
56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76.
A. D. C. B. D. A. C. B. C. C. A.
77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87.
D. D. B.
holes Electron neutrons, electrons, and protons proton free conduction band
C.
n-type
C. B. D. A.
Light emitting diode thermal energy all of these Solid state device
C.
More than 1 billion
B. D. C. C.
6-27
Becomes larger
Ionization the depletion region 0.335 eV Semiconductor
D. The depletion layer A. B. C.
barrier potential electrons, nucleus a negative voltage source connected to N-material protons and neutrons 1,800 times pentavalent materials
D. 5 B.
C.
Because they pass AC and block DC Electron protons, atomic number Reverse current The breaking of covalent bonds answer B and C doping changing AC to DC minority, n-type, holes Intrinsic energy V-I characteristic curve
Recombination
A. A. A. B. C.
proton and neutrons 1 watt of less 32 n-type, 5 ionization
A.
Acceptor atoms
B. B. D.
D. C.
88. D. 89. B. 90. C.
(a) 300:1 (b) 10:1 the current is produced by both holes and electrons majority, n-type, free electrons
Right
Valence band
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91. D. 92. B. 93. 94. 95. 96.
A.
97. 98. 99. 100.
C. C. D. A.
gold there is very small current due to minority carriers
Equals the number of holes
B. C.
Photoconduction both electrons and holes
C.
Only those produced by thermal energy minority, p-type, free electrons Rectifier Trivalent 2.63 W
Section 2 Diode Circuits Applications
31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
D. B. A. A. B.
Voltage regulator It will increase 20 Ω 420 Ω 0%
C.
Increases
41. 42. 43. 44.
D. C. D. B.
45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53.
C.
D. D.
C. B.
Quiz 20
1.
D.
is intended to operate in reverse bias
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
A.
Decrease
B. D. C. C.
Within 1% Answer A and B there is an open diode The rectifier will conduct during both halves of the input cycle
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
D. It is approximately constant
21. 22. 23. 24.
B. B. B. B.
25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
C. A. A. A. D.
Rectification 3V Percent of regulation That the diodes will conduct during both halves of the input cycle 10 Ω 60 cps I, II and III 0.094 variable capacitor
A.
Small
D. B. A.
All of the above more positive than the anode Half wave rectified signal
B.
It is a constant-voltage device
A. B. B.
Towards the cathode I, III and V The junction temperature
B.
Schottky diode
C. B. B. B.
180° One zener breakdown IR LED
B.
Has a constant voltage in the breakdown region
Zener resistance
a variable capacitance that depends on reverse voltage FWR Avalanche breakdown 100 V when the P material is connected to the positive side of the power supply and the N material is connected to the negative side of the power supply Voltage regulator
D. All of the above A. D. C.
2.4 volts to 200 volts Bridge and Center-tapped Diode characteristic
B.
Optocoupler
D. B. A.
54. C. 55. 56. 57. 58.
C.
59. 60. 61. 62. 63.
D. A. D. D. C.
A.
D. A.
64. C.
65. 66. 67. 68.
the outermost shell 0%
A.
B. A. D.
Tunnel diode ½, one emits light when forward-biased
Operating in the breakdown region Current regulation
Series current
Forward bias produces light with longer wavelength a shorted diode Junction and point contact Breakdown voltage 91% To protect the relay from high voltage transients when magnetic field collapses An action where the minority carriers tunnel across the junction to form the current that occurs at breakdown
Decreases
A shunt regulator ½, peak output voltage Forward bias
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Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 69. C.
70. C. 71. A. 72. B. 73. B.
using a center-tapped transformer, a full-wave bridge rectifier, and a center tapped load resistor clamper Zener acts like a short circuit The voltage across the diode remains almost constant after breakdown decrease with light intensity when forward-biased
74. 75. 76. 77.
B.
Stays the same
B. A. B.
78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88.
A.
0.82 % tunnel diode The energy difference across the forbidden gap (a) Narrow (b) wide
C.
Load current
D.
in series with both the input and the load
89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96.
A.
Decreases
97. 98. 99. 100.
D. A. B. B.
C. D.
A.
B. D. C. C.
the axial lead decrease
0.7 V
1,000:10,000,000 reverse bias breakdown mode I, III, IV, and V It decreases
D. Charge storage
A.
C.
B. B. D.
almost maximum value
Maximum zener current rating
I, II and IV maximum power dissipation As a tuning device
D. All segments must be on C.
it provides a high degree of electrical isolation all of these line regulation PIV load regulation
Section 2 Diode Circuits Applications 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
C. D. C. A. A.
Quiz 21
180 degrees
63.7 V 180° A zener diode connecting an opposite temperature coefficient diode in series with forward biasing
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
A. D. C. B.
60 Hz tunnel diode twice the peak output voltage PIN diode
D. 35.4 V D. C.
all of these as an RF detector
B.
Full-wave signal
A. B.
when it is forward biased a series resistor
C.
14.1 V
C.
18. B. 19. C.
20. D. 21. D. 22. A. 23. B. 24. D. 25. C. 26. D. 27. A. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47.
6-29
C. B. D. C. D. A. C. B. C. C. C. B. A.
Its internal capacitance varies with the applied voltage 9.3 V Maximum and minimum input voltage, minimum output current and maximum output voltage all of these 1.7 volts and 20 mA capacitor, reverse biased, variable resistor, forward biased Collision 47.8 V A constant voltage under conditions of varying current all of these Maximum reverse current and PIV
28.3 V
Ideal all of these 1.5 V all of these 33% line or input and load regulation twice Rectification photovoltaic II, III, and IV 120 H photoconductive
D. 360 degrees C. A.
62.5 V p-type, intrinsic, n-type
C.
19.8 V
C. C. C.
200 V negative is simple and inexpensive to build
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48. A. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
D. D.
Diode resistance is either very low or very high on either direction all of these Forward bias
B.
60 Hz
D.
Decreases
A. D.
28.3 V bleeder
B.
Reverse-biased
C.
120 Hz
B. D. C.
61. A. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78.
Point contact
A.
C. A. B. D.
the peak value of the rectified voltage Low power consumption and long life reverse-breakdown voltage 0.005 Rectifier A or C
Half-wave rectifier
D.
diode
B.
Increases
C.
Varactor diode
D. B.
A.
One all of these
I, III, and IV 5.0 V
Decreases
A.
Most positive
C.
Bridge rectifier
B. D.
increases As a VHF and UHF mixers and detectors
79. A. 80. A. 81. D.
Half-wave rectifier
Voltage regulator changes in output voltage and input voltage Light waves
82. 83. 84. 85.
B.
86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93.
C.
a small value series resistor changes in load current and output voltage thermistor
C.
4A
B. A. C.
2 0.7 V Bridge rectifier
C.
28.3 V
D. 41.7 mV A. B.
C. C.
C. C. A.
Peak inverse voltage shorted Circuit will stop rectifying
C.
Increase
C. D. B.
Controls gain a half-wave rectified voltage An ohmmeter test across a diode shows low resistance in one polarity and high resistance in the opposite polarity
hot-carrier diodes Ripple factor
A. A. D.
94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100.
Voltage controlled capacitor 32.4 V
Section 3 Transistor Circuits Fundamentals
Quiz 22 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
C. B. C. D. B. D. C. A. A.
10. 11. 12. 13.
A. C. A. C.
14. C. 15. A. 16. A. 17. C. 18. C. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.
B. D. A. B. B.
24. 25. 26. 27.
B. A. D. B.
2.1 mV/°C I, III, and IV 3 the coupling capacitors Beta amplifier applications Frequency multipliers Class A amplifiers Q-point on a transistor collector curves Input voltage RF voltage amplifier Beta increases Below saturation and above cutoff An rf voltage amplifier unity-gain frequency The amount of time (in relation to the input signal) that current flows in the output circuit To establish a proper stable dc operating point No current flows from emitter to collector 0.4 A It decreases very low Common collector the transistor may be driven into saturation Smaller than the output current 0.96 thin, lightly doped To transfer energy from one stage to another
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6-31
Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 28. 29. 30. 31.
D. B. D. B.
32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41.
D. C. D. B. C. B. B. C. D. B.
42. A. 43. C.
44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61.
B. A. D. D. A. A. D. D. A. A. B. C. C. B. A. C. A. C.
62. C.
63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69.
A. D. B. D. A. B. D.
All of the above RC 8.75 MΩ An area of low charge density around the P-n junction Match the compensating diodes very low Resistor Class B Class A It increases Different from the dc load line Base current bias or fixed bias 5V To provide maximum impedance at a given frequency 10 The output impedance of circuit number one should be equal to the input impedance of circuit number two Emitter to collector Lower than PNP transistor Push-pull 2N 5 mV slightly less than a class B Polarity of source voltage C common-emitter Class B Function and frequency response C Voltage divider bias digital switching applications An overcoupled transformer acting like a forward biased diode The ratio of output quantity to input quantity of an amplifier The difference between the highest and lowest frequency shown on a frequency-response curve alpha 8.33 Ω Increase Hole current in the emitter Narrowband collector the signal has a 180° phase shift from input to output
70. C.
71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81.
C. C. A. D. D. A. D. C. D. B. B.
82. B. 83. B. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91.
A. A. A. A. A. C. D. C.
92. A. 93. A. 94. A. 95. A. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100.
C. A. A. C. C.
That frequency at which the grounded emitter current gain has decreased to 0.7 of that obtainable at 1 kHz in a transistor cut-off Small signal Class A method of coupling At the center of the ac load line Optimum All of the above Class AB Common base 0 Hz looking them up in a transistor parts manual Gain tuned amplifiers to produce a sinusoidal output 50 I, III and IV Charge storage Decrease the voltage gain will decrease Tuned RF amplifiers Hum in the circuit the internal transistor capacitances gain Output is represent for less than 180 degrees of the input signal cycle acting like a forward biased diode The collector current at its maximum value Bipolar a switch Amplify weak signals coupling capacitor decreases
Section 3 Transistor Circuits Fundamentals
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
C. C. A. A. B. B.
Quiz 23
I, II, and V 0.7 V the midrange gain 30 mA 125 °C series peaking design
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7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
D. A. A. B. C. D. C.
14. 15. 16. 17.
C. A. D. C.
18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.
B. C. B. A. B. A. C. A. D. B. B. B. B. B. B. A.
34. 35. 36. 37. 38.
A. A. D. B. A.
39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44.
B. B. A. B. B. C.
45. C. 46. A. 47. C. 48. C. 49. D. 50. C.
100 kHz to 30,000 MHz βdcRE Base bias Reverse bias 6800 Hz High when clipping occurs When the base is set to about 0.7 V, causing the base current to start flowing PNP transistor 0 Collector feedback bias remains constant with frequency h parameters voltage divider - 6 dB/decade A loosely coupled transformer loadline 48.2 dB current 16.5 kΩ Input impedance of second stage Transistor I, II, and III 20 Hz to 20 kHz saturates on negative half-cycle plastic material I, II, and III The coupling and bypass capacitors Class C a narrower bandwidth Gate 220 The coupling and bypass capacitors current flow Very low resistance RIN(base) > 10 R2 Cut-off 7.5 < +/- 0.1 V throughout the active range of the transistor which may change base current by a factor of 10 or more common-collector An audio power amplifier complementary symmetry transistors Large Emitter Larger
51. A. 52. D. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57.
C. D. A. C. A.
58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64.
B. A. D. B. B. A. B.
65. D. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75.
C. C. B. C. A. A. C. C. B. B.
76. B. 77. C. 78. A. 79. 80. 81. 82.
C. D. B. A.
83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90.
B. B. D. B. B. B. B. B.
equal to the current in the bias resistors and diodes an area of low charge density around p-n junction C all of these collector-base, reverse bias A parallel LC network The change of the collector current with respect to base current Vary the capacitance Decrease Class D Using rf transformers Low digital switching applications no current flows from emitter to collector The coupling of a portion of the output signal to the input of the circuit Common base Transformer quiescent current Crossover distortion (a) Low (b) high one-half the peak load current 4A 800 kohm Common collector Is usually small enough to ignore 12 W base To provide signals of usable amplitude Crossover distortion Linear region 2.25 V can be essentially independent of βDC AC coupling 2VCEQ 50 0.7 V forward-reverse Class B Bypass capacitor A swamping resistor in parallel with the tuned circuit
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Self-Sufficient Guide to ECE by JASON AMPOLOQUIO 91. A. 92. D. 93. B. 94. B.
Output is present more than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees of the signal input cycles minimum acting like a reverse biased diode 25 Ω I C
95. A. IB > IC(sat)/βDC 96. A. Class A 97. A. not affected the collector current 98. A. Forward-biased 99. D. all of these 100. D. Both A and B
Section 3 Transistor Circuits Fundamentals
Quiz 24 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
A. B. B. B. D. C. C. D. C. B. C. A. C.
14. C. 15. A. 16. B. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
D. D. B. C. C. D. C. C. C. D. B. B. A.
Amplification Class B I, II, and III RC right at cutoff Has an AC voltage Common collector Equal zero class B amplifiers 98% Transformer full 360º of the input cycle In order to produce an output that is a replica of the input 14.14 V negative on emitter, positive on base, positive on collector The input signal remains unchanged and the output signal is controlled by the input signal Shockley answer B and C impedance matching 60 V II, III, and IV IC and VCE Emitter bias heat sinks Negative feedback two stages of CC
VGS
PNP transistor Stabilizes voltage gain
30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37.
B. A. B. D. A. C. A. A.
38. D. 39. B. 40. A. 41. D. 42. C. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47.
D. A. D. C. B.
48. C. 49. C. 50. C. 51. D. 52. A. 53. C. 54. B. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59.
B. A. D. A. D.
60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
B. A. A. A. A. B.
66. D. 67. D. 68. B. 69. C.
6-33
zero Emitter-follower Base, collector and emitter greater than classes A, B, or AB Cutoff Has lower input resistance Flow into the collector to maintain a constant voltage across the emitter resistor answer A and B current, voltage The base current is effectively amplified to become the collector current Usually destructive a very small percentage of the input cycle Cut-off Class A 30 V Negative acting like a reverse biased diode Class A amplifier totem-pole uses only a small portion of its load line Unimportant Excessive power enhancing the probability that electrons will be swept across it into the collector acting like a reverse biased diode Neutralization common-emitter Increases the overall gain 500 mW The final stage in an audio amplifier Reduces distortion βAC Class A Transformer coupling Higher gain No current flow from emitter to collector acting like a forward biased diode Transformer Linear and Cutoff region it produces high leakage current
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70. B. 71. A. 72. D. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80.
B. D. C. A. D. A. D. C.
81. B. 82. D. 83. D. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90.
A. C. B. D. B. A. A.
91. A. 92. B. 93. 94. 95. 96.
A. B. B. C.
97. 98. 99. 100.
D. B. B. B.
The presence of capacitance both external and internal A positive with respect to the emitter RC current gain 78.5 percent Impedance answer A and C Very low answer A and C Collector current plus base current The relationship of the component to the output signal path megger Is usually less than the load resistance Capacitance is 5.3 mA Emitter feedback resistance A step-down transformer IC(sat) Inductors based on the principle of negative feedback Transformer coupling At the center of the loadline and cutoff respectively Fewer parts are used the voltage gain Dependent on re' P-type collector, N-type base, P-type emitter AC collector resistance VCE(cut off) and IC(sat) Holes Collector current to base current
Section 4 Field Effect Transistors (FET) 1. 2. 3.
C. B. A.
4.
B.
5.
A.
Quiz 25
positive VGS(th), negative VGS(th) Dual gate MOSFET The gate voltage controls the drain current The transistor itself may dissipate up to 100 W of energy (but this number may have to be de-rated) pinch-off and breakdown
6. 7. 8.
D. A. C.
9. A. 10. B. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
D. C. D. A. A. D.
17. A.
18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
D. A. C. A. A. C. C. A. C. C. C. C.
30. 31. 32. 33.
A. B. C. A.
34. 35. 36. 37.
A. A. C. D.
38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47.
A. B. C. B. B. D. A. A. B. C.
Gate-source cutoff voltage Just below the saturation point An unbypassed resistance between source and ground (RS) 2.34 V BJT emitter follower and MOSFET source follower all of these Resistor common-drain amplifier Gate material 1.89 V Drain current for zero gate voltage The gate of MOSFET is insulated from the channel by an SiO2 layer, whereas the gate and channel in a JFET is separated by a pn junction Zener Field effect transistor current and power gain 35 high input impedance N-channel FET Nonlinear E-MOSFET MESFET - VGS(off)
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