El Headend o Cabecera

 

Dh @djndon l mjfdmdrj

Ds dh lrkedo l puotl nd pjrtknj nd uo skstdbj nd tdhdvkskýo plr mjfhd (MJ^W), ds dh mdotrl ndsnd dh qud sd elfkdroj tlnl dh skstdbj nd hj rdn nd hls lpdrjnlrds nd sdrvkmkls plr mjfhd. ]u mlbphdaknjn ndpdond nd hls sdrvkmkls qud `j nd prdstjr hj rdn, plr dadbphl, pjrj dh sdrvkmkl fêskml nd nkstrkfumkýo nd sdújhds uoknkrdmmklojhds nd tdhdvkskýo (jojhýekmjs, nkektjhds) nksplod nd uoj sdrkd nd dqukpls nd rdmdpmkýo nd tdhdvkskýo tdrrdojh, vâj sjtëhktd y nd bkmrllonjs, jsâ mlbl nd dohjmds mlo ltrjs mjfdmdrjs l dstunkls nd prlnummkýo. Slr ltrj pjrtd hjs sdújhds jojhýekmjs sd jmlonkmklojo pjrj su trjosbkskýo plr dh bdnkl ndh mjfhd y sd buhtkphdxjo do grdmudomkj do hj fjonj mlbprdonknj dotrd hls 44 y hls 737 B@z9 hjs sdújhds nkektjhds nd vândl, junkl y njtls qud glrbjo hls mjojhds nd tdhdvkskýo nkektjh sd buhtkphdxjo pjrj glrbjr dh ghual nd trjosplrtd BSDE (Bltklo Skmturd Dxpdrt Erlup). Hj mjfdmdrj tjbfkëo sd domjrej nd bloktlrkzjr hj rdn y supdrvksjr dh guomklojbkdotl. Dh bloktlrkzjnl sd dstê mlovkrtkdonl do uo rdqudrkbkdotl fêskml nd hjs rdnds nd mjfhd, j mjusj nd hj mlbphdaknjn nd hjs oudvjs jrquktdmturjs y j hj slgkstkmjmkýo nd hls oudvls sdrvkmkls qud trjosplrtjo, qud dxkedo nd hj rdn uoj gkjfkhknjn buy jhtj. Ltrjs nd hjs guomklods qud sd rdjhkzjo do hj mjfdmdrj sd rdhjmklojo mlo hj tjrkgjmkýo y mlotrlh nd hls sdrvkmkls prdstjnl j hls jflojnls. Do dh "`djndon" sd prlmdsjo sdújhds, yj sdj edodrjnjs do glrbj hlmjh (kotdrojs), l rdmdpmklojnjs nd jkrd, sjtëhktd l bkmrllonjs (Dxtdrojs)1

Gkeurj :

Do hj gkeurj sd lfsdrvj uo skstdbj qud mlbprdond edodrjmkýo prlpkj nd mjojhds, mlo bêqukojs erjfjnlrjs - rdprlnumtlrjs nd vkndl, mêbjrjs, mlrrdmtlr nd fjsd nd tkdbpl, trjosmlndr, dnktlrds y tlnls jqudhhls dhdbdotls pdrkgërkmls odmdsjrkls pjrj hj edodrjmkýo nd sdújh. ^jbfkëo rdmkfd sdújhds dxtdrojs9 hj sdújh rdmdpmklojnj nd jkrd, bdnkjotd uoj jotdoj, ds dovkjnj j uo prlmdsjnlr nd mjojh

 

muyj guomkýo prkomkpjh ds skotlokzjr, jbphkgkmjr y mlovdrtkr hj sjhknj, pjrj hudel dovkjr dstj sdújh j hj rdn. Hj sdújh nd sjtëhktd ds rdmdpmklojnj plr uoj pjrêflhj, jbphkgkmjnj y mlovdrtknj plr uo jbphkgkmjnlr nd fjal ruknl (HOF), y skotlokzjnj plr uo Vdmdptlr sjtdhktjh. Hj sdújh nd junkl y vkndl rdsuhtjotd sdrê9 j`lrj blnuhjnj do dh mjojh mlrrdsplonkdotd. Mjnj uol nd dstls mjojhds sd subj do uo mlbfkojnlr pjrj njr jsâ sjhknj ndh pjqudtd mlbphdtl j hj rdn nd VG y j hls býnuhls hjsdr pjrj hj trjosbkskýo plr gkfrj ýptkmj.

Dxkstdo trds tkpls nd mjfdzjhds fêskmjbdotd1 :. @VM1 Slrtjnlrjs Vdhjmklojnjs plr Jrbýokmls. ^lnjs hjs plrtjnlrjs nd vkndl slo bñhtkphls nd 7B@z y dstêo jbjrrjnjs do gjsd plr uo edodrjnlr nd pdkod. 7 B@z * ;24 > B@z {Mj {Mj oj h 6} 7 B@z *: 327 3 B@z {Mj {Mj oj h =} ^lnls hls prlnumtls mjdo slfrd hj plrtjnlrj. 6. KVM1 Slrtjnlrjs Vdhjmklojnjs plr Komrdbdotls. Hjs grdmudomkjs nd hj plrtjnlrj nd vkndl slo jskeojnjs keujh mlovdomklojhbdotd pdrl jbjrrjnjs do gjsd j kotdrvjhls dxjmtls nd 7B@z. 44, 6764 B@z 2 Mj Mj oj h 7:, 6764 B@z 2 Mj Mj oj h

qud

6 =

Hj bjylr pjrtd nd hls prlnumtls nd =dr. lrndo mjdo do hj plrtjnlrj. Hls prlnumtls nd 6± lrndo mjdo gudrj nd hj plrtjnlrj. = .  ]^N1 Dstêonjr 44, 64 B@z 2 Mj Mj oj h 7:, 64 B@z 2 Mj Mj oj h

6 =

Guomkloj mlbl dh KVM, hj bjylr pjrtd nd hls prlnumtls nd =dr. lrndo mjdo do hj plrtjnlrj. Hls prlnumtls nd 6± lrndo mjdo gudrj nd hj plrtjnlrj. J+ F- M2 N 0 +; +; - : 3 2 5 : 0 : , 6 4 + : 0 5 . 6 4 ” : ; = , 6 4 2 : 5 4 , 6 4 Y p lr l r t j n lr l r j n d M@ M@ 5 R J+F2M +F2M 5+0?>7 5+0?>7 :54, 64 + :0:, 64 2 =47, 43 = 4 7 , 4 3 ” = 4 4, 4 , 6 4 2 : , 6 4 B@z , j : , 6 4 B@z n d h j p l r t j n l r j n d v k n d l . Y M@ > 7R 7R

 

Mjfhds Mljxkjhds - Mloskndrjmklods edodrjhds Hjs hâodjs pjrj hj trjosbkskýo j nkstjomkj nd hj vlz `ubjoj, nd sdújhds nd vkndl, nd njtls, dtm., dstêo mlostktuknjs plr mkrmuktls qud trjosbktdo lonjs nd tdoskýo y nd mlrrkdotd mlo buy fjaj pltdomkj y grdmudomkj buy dhdvjnj. Hls nls mlonumtlrds uol nd knj y dh ltrl nd rdtlrol, odmdsjrkls pjrj hj trjosbkskýo, mlostktuydo dh ndolbkojnl "pjr". Tol nd hls bdnkls nd trjosbkskýo bês utkhkzjnls dh mjfhd mljxkjh, muyj ndgkokmkýo ds1 Nls mlonumtlrds hls mujhds mlbpjrtdo dh bksbl dad, skdonl dh mlonumtlr dxtdrol uo mkhkonrl sdpjrjnl ndh mlonumtlr kotdrol plr kotdrbdnkl nd uo bjtdrkjh nkdhëmtrkml. Do dh dbphdl nd mjfhds mljxkjhds ds konkspdosjfhd hkbktjr lmjsklojo plr krrjnkjmkýo, skdbprd qud hj grdmudomkj nd hjs sdj ndh lrndo nd hls I@z9 dstl ndfknl j qud dh mlonumtlr mlonumtlr nd rdtlrol, mubphd mlo hj guomkýo nd fhkonjad y dstjfkhkzjmkýo nd hls pjrêbdtrls dhëmtrkmls.

hjs përnknjs qud sd sdújhds trjosbktknjs dxtdrol, jndbês nd plr mloskeukdotd nd

Ndgkokmklods rdhjtkvjs j hls mjfhds mljxkjhds Kbpdnjomkj Kbpdnjomk j Mjrjmtdrâstk Mjrjmtdrâstkmj mj (L`b). (L`b). Ds hj rdhjmkýo tdoskýo jphkmjnj/mlrrkdotd jfslrfknj plr uo mjfhd mljxkjh nd hloektun kogkoktj. Nd dstl sd ndsprdond qud pjrj uo mjfhd mljxkjh nd hloektun rdjh, mlodmtjnl j uoj kbpdnjomkj dxjmtjbdotd keujh j hj mjrjmtdrâstkmj, dh vjhlr nd hj kbpdnjomkj nd hj hâodj pdrbjodmd keujh jh nd hj kbpdnjomkj mjrjmtdrâstkmj. Hls vjhlrds olbkojhds pjrj hls mjfhds mljxkjhds slo 43, 54 y ;= l`bs. Do MJ^W slhl sd utkhkzjo nd 54 l`b. Kbpdnjomkj nd trjosgdrdomkj (bkhkL`b/b). Dxprdsjnj do bkhkl`b plr bdtrl, ndgkod hj dgkmkdomkj ndh fhkonjad ndh mlonumtlr dxtdrol. Mujotl bês pdqudúl ds dh vjhlr, bdalr ds dh mjfhd j hls dgdmtls nd hj prlpjejmkýo jh dxtdrklr nd hj sdújh trjosbktknj y nd hj pdodtrjmkýo do dh mjfhd nd sdújhds dxtdrojs. Mjpjmkn Mj pjmknjn jn (pG/b). (pG/b). Ds dh vjhlr nd hj mjpjmknjn dhëmtrkmj, bdnknj dotrd dh mlonumtlr mdotrjh y dh mlonumtlr dxtdrol, nkvknknj plr hj hloektun ndh mjfhd. ]d trjtj nd vjhlrds buy pdqudúls dxprdsjnls do pkmlgjrjnkls (:3-:6G) plr bdtrl. Wjrâj mlo dh tkpl nd bjtdrkjh jkshjotd y mlo hj edlbdtrâj ndh mjfhd.

 

Wdhlmknjn nd prlpjejmkýo (%). Ds hj rdhjmkýo dxprdsjnj do plrmdotjad, dotrd hj vdhlmknjn nd prlpjejmkýo nd hj sdújh do dh mjfhd y hj vdhlmknjn nd prlpjejmkýo nd hj huz. Wjrâj mlo dh tkpl nd bjtdrkjh jkshjotd.  Jt doujmk dou jmkýo ýo (nF/:33b). (nF /:33b). Ds hj përnknj nd pltdomkj, j uoj ndtdrbkojnj grdmudomkj, dxprdsjnj do ndmkfdhds mjnj :33 bdtrls l do ndmkfdhds plr mjnj :33 pkds. Wjrâj mlo dh tkpl nd bjtdrkjh dbphdjnl y mlo hj edlbdtrâj ndh mjfhd, komrdbdotêonlsd jh mrdmdr hj grdmudomkj. Sltdomkj trjosbkskfhd (U). Ds hj pltdomkj qud sd pudnd trjosbktkr j uoj ndtdrbkojnj grdmudomkj sko qud hj tdbpdrjturj ndh mjfhd jgdmtd jh guomklojbkdotl ndh bksbl. Nksbkouyd jh komrdbdotjrsd hj grdmudomkj y sd bknd do wjtkls. ^doskýo nd dadrmkmkl (iW). Ds hj bêxkbj tdoskýo dotrd mlonumtlr dxtdrol d kotdrol j hj mujh pudnd trjfjajr mlostjotdbdotd dh mjfhd sko qud sd edodrdo hjs olmkvjs mlosdmudomkjs ndh "dgdmtl mlrloj" (ndsmjrejs dhëmtrkmjs pjrmkjhds qud prlvlmjo kotdrgdrdomkjs dhëmtrkmjs y, j hjrel phjzl, hj nderjnjmkýo krrdvdrskfhd ndh jkshjotd). Sërnknjs nd rdtlrol dstrumturjh (nF/:33b) (]trumturjh Vdturo Hlss - ]VH)  ]lo hjs përnknjs plr rdtlrol lmjsklojnjs plr ndsuokglrbknjn do hj mlostrummkýo (vjrkjmkýo nd hls pjrêbdtrls nkbdosklojhds) y do hls bjtdrkjhds dbphdjnls, qud prlnumkdonl uoj hlmjhkzjnj vjrkjmkýo nd kbpdnjomkj, prlvlmjo uo "rdfltd" nd hj sdújh mlo hj mloskeukdotd kovdrskýo pjrmkjh nd hj bksbj.

Bjtdrkjhds do hls qud dhjflrjo hls mjfhds mljxkjhds Sjrj plndr rdsplondr j hjs vjrkjnjs mlonkmklods nd guomklojbkdotl qud dxkedo pjrj hls mjfhds mljxkjhds, ds prdmksl dh usl nd bjtdrkjhds qud rdsplonjo j nkm`ls rdqudrkbkdotls. Mlonumtlr mdotrjh Dxkstdo nkgdrdotds tkpls nd bjtdrkjhds j hj `lrj nd ndtdrbkojr dh mlonumtlr mdotrjh, dstls slo ndtdrbkojnls plr hls gjfrkmjotds do dh prlmdsl nd dhjflrjmkýo nd hls mjfhds mljxkjhds. Mlfrd dhdmtrlhâtkml, mlo purdzj supdrklr jh ;;% y rdskstkvknjn olbkojh j 63³M nd

:5.6>: l`b.bb6/ib.

 

Mlfrd dstjújnl, hkbktjnl j hls mjfhds dbphdjnls do hls jpjrjtls qud rdqukdrjo fudojs mlonkmklods nd slhnjfkhknjn (su usl komrdbdotj hj jtdoujmkýo mlo rdhjmkýo jh mlfrd rlal). Mlfrd phjtdjnl, pjrj bdalrjr hj jtdoujmkýo j jhtâskbj grdmudomkj y plr su dstjfkhknjn quâbkmj do prdsdomkj nd nkdhëmtrkmls ghulrjnls.

 Jmdrl mlfrdjnl (mlppdrwdhn), jhjbfrd lftdoknl plr trdgkhjmkýo nd mlfrd slfrd uo jhbj nd jmdrl. ]k fkdo su mlonumtkvknjn olrbjh ds ndh =3% jh >3% nd hj ndh mlfrd, j jhtjs grdmudomkjs (B@z) slo prêmtkmjbdotd knëotkmjs, j rjâz ndh dgdmtl pkdh (siko dggdmt), bkdotrjs hj mjrej nd rlturj bâokbj ds nd 55ie/bb 6  y dh jhjrejbkdotl dh :%. Dstd bjtdrkjh sd dbphdj plr rjzlods bdmêokmjs do hls mjfhds nd sdmmklods kogdrklrds.

 Jk sh jotd jot d 

Slhkdtkhdol mlbpjmtl1 ds dh bjtdrkjh bês dbphdjnl mlbl jkshjotd do hls mjfhds mljxkjhds, j rjâz nd su dxmdhdotd mlostjotd nkdhëmtrkmj rdhjtkvj (6.64) y rkekndz nkdhëmtrkmj (:0iW/bb).

Slhkdtkhdol dxpjonknl1 kotrlnumkdonl do dh plhkdtkhdol sustjomkjs dspdmâgkmjs qud sd ndsmlbploejo mlo hj tdbpdrjturj, edodrjonl ejsds, sd lftkdod plhkdtkhdol dxpjonknl, mlo hls plrls uokglrbdbdotd nkspdrsjnls y ol mlbuokmjotds dotrd dhhls. Hj bksbj dxpjoskýo sd pudnd lftdodr mlo koydmmkýo nd ejs do dh blbdotl nd hj dxtruskýo, lftdokdonl supdrklrds mjrjmtdrâstkmjs dhëmtrkmjs. Dstd bjtdrkjh nd rdnumknj mlostjotd nkdhëmtrkmj (:.>/:.0, ndpdonkdonl ndh erjnl nd dxpjoskýo) y fjal gjmtlr nd përnknj, pdrbktd uoj oltjfhd rdnummkýo nd hj jtdoujmkýo, mlbpjrêonlhj mlo dh plhkdtkhdol mlbpjmtl. Slhkdtkhdol/ jkrd1 ds lftdoknl mlo hj jphkmjmkýo nd uoj dspkrjh nd plhkdtkhdol jhrdndnlr ndh mlonumtlr mdotrjh, j su vdz rdmufkdrtj mlo uo tufl dxtruknl nd

plhkdtkhdol.

 

^dgzdh (mlplhâbdrl dtkhdol- tdtrjghulrdtkhdol) 1 ds dbphdjnl pjrj tdbpdrjturjs dotrd -43³M j +:44³M, mlo uoj mlostjotd nkdhëmtrkmj nd 6.7 y uoj rkekndz nkdhëmtrkmj nd 03iW/bb.

^dghýo GDS (mlplhâbdrl dtkhdol- tdtrjghulrdtkhdol- dxjghulrprlpkhdol)1 ds dbphdjnl pjrj tdbpdrjturjs dotrd -53³M y +633³M, mlo mlostjotd nkdhëmtrkmj nd 6.: y rkekndz

nkdhëmtrkmj nd 43iW/bb. Dstls nls ñhtkbls bjtdrkjhds ghulrjnls sd dbphdjo, jndbês qud do jhtjs tdbpdrjturjs (bdnkls bkhktjrds, dhdmtrýokmj, bkskhds, dtm), do hjs jphkmjmklods qud odmdsktdo erjonds kodrmkjs j hls jedotds quâbkmls lreêokmls d kolreêokmls. Mlonumtlr dxtdrol Mlfrd1 edodrjhbdotd fjal hj glrbj nd trdozj mlostktuknj plr :7, 6> ý =7 `usls, mlo êoeuhls dotrd =3³ y >4³. Mlfrd dstjújnl1 mujonl sd odmdsktjo fudojs mjrjmtdrâstkmjs nd slhnjfkhknjn. Mlfrd phjtdjnl1 do prdsdomkj nd jkshjotds ghulrjnls (dstjfkhknjn quâbkmj). Mkotjs nd jhubkokl/ plhkëstdr y jhubkokl/ plhkprlpkhdol 1 jphkmjnjs ndfjal nd hj trdozj bdalrjo oltjfhdbdotd dh dgdmtl krrjnkjotd y nksbkouydo hj pdodtrjmkýo nd sdújhds dxtdrojs.

Mufkdrtj dxtdroj Mhlrurl nd plhkvkokhl (SWM) 1 ds dh bjtdrkjh bês dbphdjnl mlbl mufkdrtj9 punkëonlsd blnkgkmjr sus mjrjmtdrâstkmjs do guomkýo nd dxkedomkjs dspdmâgkmjs (fjajs l jhtjs tdbpdrjturjs, ol prlpjejmkýo nd gudel, rdskstdomkj j hls `knrlmjrfurls, dtm.). Tol nd hls rdquksktls fêskmls pjrj dh SWM nd hj mufkdrtj ds ol mlotjbkojr, mlo hj bkerjmkýo nd su phjstkgkmjotd, dh jkshjotd kotdrol9 sk dstl lmurrd, jh mjfl nd plml tkdbpl sd ndtdrklrjo hjs mjrjmtdrâstkmjs dhëmtrkmjs ndh jkshjotd, prlnumkëonlsd uo

mlostjotd jubdotl nd hj jtdoujmkýo. Slhkdtkhdol1 mlo uoj lplrtuoj nkspdrskýo nd oderl nd `ubl, pjrj rdskstkr bdalr j hjs rjnkjmklods uhtrjvklhdtjs. Bjtdrkjhds ghulrjnls (^dgzdh y ^dghýo GDS) 1 pjrj dbphdl mlo jhtjs tdbpdrjturjs l do prdsdomkj nd jedotds quâbkmls. Slhkurdtjol1 mujonl sd odmdsktdo fudojs mjrjmtdrâstkmjs bdmêokmjs.

 Jr bjnur bjn urjs js    Jhjbfrds nd jmdrl1 pudstls fjal glrbj nd trdozj l dspkrjh, pjrj kostjhjmklods suftdrrêodjs.

 

Dhdbdotls Dhd bdotls jutlplrtjotds Do hjs kostjhjmklods jërdjs pjrj sustdotjr dh mjfhd sd dbphdjo dspdmkjhds mlostrummklods qud prdvëo uo jhjbfrd l mjfhd nd jmdrl pudstl pjrjhdhjbdotd jh mjfhd mljxkjh dovlhvkdonl hls nls dhdbdotls, mloauotjbdotd mlo uoj mufkdrtj nd SWM l plhkdtkhdol, glrbjonl uo pdrgkh do lm`l.

Dhdmmkýo ndh mjfhd mljxkjh Mjnj mjfhd mljxkjh tkdod qud mubphkr mlo hls trds skeukdotds pjrêbdtrls qud slo kbpudstls plr dh mkrmuktl jh mujh tdonrê qud sdr mlodmtjnl1   Kbpdnjomkj mjrjmtdrâstkmj.   Grdmudomkj nd trjfjal.   Jtdoujmkýo bêxkbj y/l pltdomkj bêxkbj.

 



Toj vdz ndgkoknj hj kbpdnjomkj sd pudnd dhdekr dh mjfhd lpdrjonl slfrd dh mlrrdsplonkdotd erêgkml1 mlo dh vjhlr nd hj grdmudomkj nd trjfjal sd konkvknujhkzj dh puotl nd kotdrsdmmkýo mlrrdsplonkdotd j hj jtdoujmkýo l pltdomkj1 ds sugkmkdotd jnlptjr dh vjhlr ndh nkêbdtrl N kobdnkjtjbdotd supdrklr pjrj ndgkokr do glrbj uoâvlmj dh tkpl nd mjfhd jndmujnl.

Hjs olrbjs Hj dspdmkgkmjmkýo bês nkguonknj qud rked hj gjfrkmjmkýo nd hls mjfhds mljxkjhds ds hj olrbj bkhktjr ndh elfkdrol nd hls Dstjnls Toknls BKH-M-:5 D qud jndbês nd hjs mjrjmtdrâstkmjs nkbdosklojhds y dhëmtrkmjs, ndgkod uoj skehj qud kndotkgkmj j mjnj tkpl nd mjfhd. ^lnls dstls mjfhds mljxkjhds dstêo ndgkoknls mlo hjs hdtrjs VE (rjnklgrdmudomkj-elfkdrol) sdeuknj nd uo oñbdrl (oubdrjmkýo prlerdskvj ndh tkpl) y nd hj hdtrj T (dspdmkgkmjmkýo uokvdrsjh) l J/T, F/T, dtm., qud konkmjo sumdskvjs blnkgkmjmklods y sustktumklods jh tkpl lrkekojh. Slr dstj rjzýo ds nd guonjbdotjh

 

kbplrtjomkj, pjrj hj prltdmmkýo ndh mhkdotd, kndotkgkmjr mlo hj ndolbkojmkýo VE ñokmjbdotd hls mjfhds qud mubphdo do glrbj kotderjh mlo hj olrbj BKH-M-:5 D, kndotkgkmjonl mlo skehjs nkstkotjs hls qud rdsplondo j ltrjs dspdmkgkmjmklods.

Gjfrkmjmkýo y mlotrlh nd mjhknjn Do hj gjfrkmjmkýo nd hls mjfhds mljxkjhds, pjrj plndr hlerjr dh okvdh nd mjhknjn rdqudrknl, sd odmdsktj uo dqukpjbkdotl jhtjbdotd slgkstkmjnl, do glrbj dspdmkjh pjrj hj jphkmjmkýo ndh jkshjotd1 hj hâodj nd dxtruskýo tkdod qud sdr nltjnj nd hls bês rkeurlsls mlotrlhds nd tdbpdrjturj (ndh tkpl SKN), nd bdnknlr ýptkml nd nkêbdtrl mlo rdtrljhkbdotjmkýo, mlo mlotrlh do hâodj nd hj mjpjmknjn y mlo prudfj nd jhtj tdoskýo (spjri tdst). Sdrl ol slo sugkmkdotds dstls mlotrlhds kotdrbdnkls y dh rkeurlsl mlotrlh nd hjs bjtdrkjs prkbjs1 hj vdrnjndrj prudfj nd gudel, j hj mujh dstê slbdtknj hj tltjhknjn nd hj prlnummkýo, ds dh mlotrlh nd mjhknjn ndh prlnumtl tdrbkojnl. Jndbês nd hls rutkojrkls dosjyls nkbdosklojhds y dhëmtrkmls slo nd guonjbdotjh kbplrtjomkj hjs bdnkmklods nd mjpjmknjn, nd kbpdnjomkj mjrjmtdrâstkmj, nd jtdoujmkýo dotrd :3 y :333B@z nd ]VH dotrd :3 y :333B@z y mlbl mlotrlh dstjnâstkml, nd ^NV (^kbd Nlbjko Vdghdmtlbdtdr).  ]d plnrâj ndmkr qud dxkstdo nls erupls do hls mujhds sd pudndo ndtdrbkojr dh tkpl nd mjfhds mljxkjhds

Mjfhds mljxkjhds ghdxkfhds Dstd tkpl nd mjfhd ds utkhkzjnl pjrj hjs fjajnjs j jflojnls ndsnd hls ^jps. Hjs bdnknjs edodrjhbdotd utkhkzjnjs slo do lrndo mrdmkdotd nd nkêbdtrl1 VE4;, VE7 y VE::. Hls bksbls pudndo sdr ndh tkpl skbphd, nlfhd l muênruphd bjhhjnl skdonl dstd ñhtkbl dh bês utkhkzjnl plr sus bdalrds mjrjmtdrâstkmjs nd fhkonjad. Jndbês pudndo komlrplrjr pjrj su tdonknl uo "plrtjotd" l "bdosjadrl", dh mujh skrvd pjrj suadtjr jh mjfhd do mjsl nd tdonknls jërdls. Do tlnls hls mjsls hj kbpdnjomkj mjrjmtdrâstkmj ds nd 54 l`b.

 

  VE7 Jtdoujmkýo bêx. C63³M g YB@zR nF/:33b 4 44 6:: 643

:.05 >.;> ;.>= :3.66

653 =33 ==3 =43 >33 >43 433 443 733 543 053 :333

:3.7= ::.64 ::.0> :6.63 :=.:6 :>.3> :>.03 :4.76 :7.=> :0.>> :;.;; 6:.>7

Hj jtdoujmkýo nd hls mjfhds vjrkj jmlrnd j hj tdbpdrjturj, ds ndmkr j bdnknj qud jubdotj jsâ bksbl hl `jmd hj jtdoujmkýo y nksbkouyd mlo dh ndmrdmkbkdotl nd hj bksbj do uo vjhlr nd 3,:0% / ³M

Mjfhds mljxkjhds sdbkghdxkfhds Dh tkpl nd mlonumtlr dxtdrol do dstd tkpl nd mjfhd ds sdbkrrâeknl yj qud ol sd trjtj nd pdqudúls mlonumtlrds trdozjnls skol nd uo "tufl" nd jhubkokl, dh mujh tjbfkëo plsdd bdalrds mujhknjnds bdmêokmjs. ]d utkhkzj pjrj dh tdonknl nd rdnds trlomjhds y nd nkstrkfumkýo j jflojnls. Dxkstdo mujtrl bdnknjs fêskmjs muyjs ndolbkojmklods slo1 3,>:6, 3,433, 3.543 y :", qud mlrrdsplondo j hj bdnknj ndh nkêbdtrl ndh mlonumtlr dxtdrol do puhejnjs. Hls bksbls tjbfkëo sd mlostruydo prlvkstls nd uo plrtjotd pjrj dh tdonknl jërdl. Dh tkpl qud sd vd do hj6 gkeurj mlrrdsplond jh tkpl GLJB, plr su nkdhëmtrkml. Bês jfjal sd vd dh tkpl BM  (usj mlbl nkdhëmtrkml1 jkrd) gjfrkmjnl plr ^rkhley, dh mujh sk fkdo tkdod uo mlstl supdrklr frkonj bdolr jtdoujmkýo, bjylr dspdslr do su pjrdn nd jhubkokl y plsdd bdalrds prlpkdnjnds nd bjokpuhdl. Do dstd mjsl hj mljxkjhknjn sd bjotkdod mlo uoj dstrumturj nd jokhhls phêstkmls pdrpdonkmuhjrds jh mlonumtlr mdotrjh.

 

 

Mjfhds Vâeknls - Dspdmkgkmjmklods Mjfhd .433

Dstj ds uoj nd hjs bdnknjs bês utkhkzjnjs do rdnds nd MJ^W. Hls skeukdotds slo hls pjrêbdtrls bês kbplrtjotds rdgdrknls jh mljxkjh, hls bksbls gudrlo dxtrjânls nd "^`d Mjfhd Flli KK" nd ^GM. Dspdmkgkmjmklods gâskmjs puhejnjs bkhâbdtrls 

Nkbdosklods olbkojhds Mlonumtlr  Jkshjmkýo 

Dspdslr Mlonumtlr Dxtdrol Nkêbdtrl Mlonumtlr Dxtdrol

   

Vdvdstkbkdotl  Slrtjotd 

3.:3;

6.55

3.>43

::.>

3.364

3.7>

3.433

:6.5

3.403

:>.5

3.:3;

6.55

:4> :4

6=3

>7=

6:3

 

Sdsl Olbkojh Yhf/:333gtR YIe/IbR

 

Sdsl Olbkojh (plr mjrrdtd) YhfR YIeR

 

 

 

Hloektun olbkojh (plr mjrrdtd) YgddtR YbR 

6=43

5:7

Gudrzj nd trjmmkýo bêxkbj YhfR YIeR

 

;33

>:3

Vjnkl bâokbl nd murvjturj YkoRYbbR

 

>.3

:33

  :033

063

Gudrzj nd rupturj ndh plrtjotd YhfR YIeR  

Bdnknjs nd hjs flfkojs YkoR YmbR

 

>6*:0*:0 >6*:0*:0 :35*>7*>7 :35*>7*>7

 

 

  Dspdmkgkmjmklods dhëmtrkmjs Vdskstdomkj Olbkojh C 63±M (70±G) 

L`b plr :333

Mlonumtlr Mdotrjh Jhubkokl pkds pkds bd bdtr trls ls rdvdstknl do Mlfrd  Mlonumtlr Mdotrjh   Mlonumtlr Dxtdrol  Hjzl 

Kbpdnjomkj 

:.=4 :.=4

>.> .>= =

3.=7 3.=7

:.: .:0 0

:.53 :.53

4.4 .40 0

54º6 l`bs

Wdhlmknjn nd Srlpjejmkýo  05% olbkojh Mjpjmktjomkj Olbkojh 

:4.7 pG/gt

4:.6 pG/b

Jtdoujmklods Bêxkbjs C 63±M (70±G) Grdmudomkj YB`zR

nF/:33gt 

nF/:33b 

4

3.:7

3.46

44 6::

3.44 :.30

:.03 =.44

643

:.:;

653

:.6>

=33

:.=:

==3

:.=0

=43

:.>=

>33

:.4=

>43

:.7=

433

:.5=

443

:.06

733

:.;:

543

6.:7

053

6.=4

  =.;6  >.35  >.=3  >.4>  >.7;  4.36  4.=4  4.70  4.;5  7.65  5.3;  5.7; 

:333

6.4=

0.=3

 

 

 

Mlbplodotds nd uoj rdn @GM Shjotj dxtdroj Dhdbdotls Jmtkvls1 To dhdbdotl jmtkvl ds jqudh qud pjrj su guomklojbkdotl rdqukdrd nd uoj gudotd nd jhkbdotjmkýo  

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Olnls Ýptkmls1 Dstd nksplsktkvl pdrbktd trjosbktkr hj sdújh ýptkmj j nkstjomkjs mloskndrjfhds ndpdonkdonl dh tkpl nd gkfrj ýptkmj qud sd utkhkmd, fkdo sdj blolblnl l buhtkblnl.

 



Jbphkgkmjnlrds ^rlomjhds1 sd ndolbkoj jsâ j hls prkbdrls jbphkgkmjnlrds qud sd mlodmtjo slfrd hj rdn @GM, ndspuës nd uo olnl ýptkml, mlbl mjrjmtdrâstkmj dstd jbphkgkmjnls pdrbktd bjodajr `jstj nls bkh usujrkls ndpdonkdonl dstd j su vdz ndh tkpl nd mjfhd mljxkjh qud sd utkhkmd do su nkstrkfumkýo. Hls bês mlbuods nd hls slo jqudhhls qud rdmkfdo uoj sdújh nd tkpl ýptkml prlvdokdotd nd uo olnl ýptkml y muyjs sjhknjs slo ndh tkpl mljxkjh.

 

     

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

 Jbphkgkmjnlrds Bkok-trlomjhd  Jbphkgkmjnlrds Bkok-trlomjhds s  Jbphkgkmjnlrds  Jbphkgkmj nlrds Dxtdoslrds Dxtdoslrds nd Hâodj

Gudotds nd Jhkbdotjmkýo ]tjon Fy1  Hjs gudotds nd dstd tkpl slo jqudhhjs utkhkzjnjs mlo uo fjoml nd fjtdrâjs dh mujh pdrbktj slplrtjr hj rdn nd MJ^W, do mjsl nd qud dh subkokstrl nd mlrrkdotd jhtdroj sd suspdonj nd glrbj tdbplrjh, jheuojs nd dstjs slplrtjo uoj jutlolbâj jheuojs vdmds supdrklr j hjs nls `lrjs, dstl ndpdonkdonl ndh oñbdrl nd nksplsktkvls jmtkvls qud sd domudotrdo suadtls j hj bksbj.

^lbjnl nd1 `ttp1//kbe.nkrdm `ttp1//kbe.nkrdmtkonustry.ds/kb tkonustry.ds/kbjeds\nk/p`ltl-e/74 jeds\nk/p`ltl-e/74:50->>67345.a :50->>67345.ape pe 

 

Ol ]tjon Fy1 Dstd tkpl nd gudotds ol slo buy utkhkzjnjs plr hls lpdrjnlrds nd mjfhd, sd nkgdrdomkj nd hjs jotdrklrds prkomkpjhbdotd plrqud ol mudotjo mlo uo skstdbj nd rdspjhnl, qud hds pdrbktj mlotkoujr do guomklojbkdotl do jusdomkj nd dodreâj prlplrmklojnj plr hj rdn dhëmtrkmj.