El Flujo Circular de La Economia y El Pbi

 

Ac ROL _ AC JCQNG FO\FQC@\ DAC OEH\AVG OEH\ AVG _ AC H@VTG

 

AC JCQNG FO\FQC@\ DAC H@VTG _ AC OEH\AVG

• C@V J@KOCO@V \A@CO^@E H@VTGV DA FGEVQKG (F ), • C@V AKR\AV@V M@FAE H@VTGV DA OEZA\VOÖE (O ), • CGV HGLOA\EGV FGKR\@E LOAEAV _ VA\ZOFOGV (H), • AC \AVTG DAC D AC KQEDG @DPQOA\A A]RG\T@FOGEAV A]RG\T@FOGEAV EAT@V EAT@V

(] ‖ K).

J@KOCO@V \AFOLAE OEH\AVGV (_ ) DA C@V AKR\AV@V. • C@V J@KOCO@V

 

OEH\AVGV DA CGV J@FTG\AV DA 

R\GDQFFOGE  C@ TOA\\@ \AT\OLQ_A \AET@.

▢ AC T\@L@NG \AT\OLQ_A V@C@\OGV. ▢ AC F@ROT@C \AT\OLQ_A OETA\AVAV. ▢ C@V M@LOCOD@DAV AKR\AV@\O@CAV \AT\OLQ_AE QTOCOD@DAV.

 

K@F\GAFGEGKO@ • AV C@ @FTOZOD@D AFGEGKOF@ AFGEGKOF@ DA QE R@OV, R@OV, DGEDA C@ K@F\GAFGEGKO@ K@F\GA FGEGKO@ @E@CO^@ QE@ @KRCO@ DA @\A@, T@CAV FGKG C@ K@EA\@ AE PQA VA DATA\KOE DATA\KOE@E @E C@ OEZA\VOGE TGT@C _ ACC FGEVQKG, FGKG CGV L@EFGV FAET\@CAV K@EAN@E AC DOEA\G _ C@V T@V@V DA OETA\AV, C@V F@QV@V DA C@V F\OVO F\OVOVV JOE@EFOA\@V JOE@E FOA\@V _ DA PQA @CHQEGV R@OVAV F\A^F@E \@ROD@KAETA KOAET\@V GT\GV RA\K@EAFAE AVT@EF@DGV.

 

NMGE K@_E@\D K@_E@\D IA_EAV • C@ K@F\GAFGEGKO@ EG A]OVTO@ M@VT M@VT@ @ 0?6:, NMGE K@ K@_E@\D _E@\D IA_EAV RQLCOFG VQ \AZGCQFOGE@\O@ \AZGCQFOGE@\O@ GL\ GL\@ @ – TAG\O@ TAG\O@ HAEA\ HAEA\@C @C DAC OETA\AV _ AC DOEA\G‛.VAHQO@E @TG\@DGV FGE C@ H\@E • AKRCAG, AVT@DGV AC QEODGV A OEHC@TA\\@ DAR\AVOGE DA CGV @ÐGV 62, FGE K@V DA C@ FQ@\T@ R@\TA DA AVT@DGQEODAEVAV DAVAKRCA@DGV . K@QE@\D IA_EAV DAV@\\ DAV@\\GCC@ GCC@ QE @E@COVOV DA C@V F@QV@V F@QV@V • NMGE K@QE@\D DA CGV FOFCGV DA EAHGFOGV, AE CGV PQA @CTA\E@E @CTA\E@E RA\OGDG RA\OGDGVV DA @CTG DAVAKRCAG _ ACAZ@D@ OEJC@FOGE.

 

R\GDQFTG L\QTG OETA\EG ( RLO) • AV AC Z@CG\ DA KA\F@DG DA CGV LOAEAV _

VA\ZOFOGV JOE@CAV R\GDQFODGV AE QE R@ËV

DQ\@ETA FOA\TG RA\OGDG. • ▢ Z@CG\ DA KA\F@DG. • ▢ LOAEAV _ VA\ZOFOGV VA\ZOFOGV JOE@CAV. • ▢ R\GDQFODGV AE QE R@ËV. • ▢ DQ\@ETA FOA\TG RA\OGDG.

 

Z@CG\ DA KA\F@DG R@\@ KADO\ C@ R\GDQFFOÖE TGT@C, M@_ PQA VQK@\ C@ R\GDQFFOÖE DA LOAEAV T@E DOVTOETGV FGKG K@E^@E@V _ E@\@EN@V, FGKRQT@DG\@V _ R@CGKOT@V DA K@Ë^. RG\ VË KOVK@, C@ VOKRCA FQAET@ DA CGV @\TËFQCGV EG AV KQ_ ÞTOC9 QV@EDG CGV R\AFOGV DA KA\F@DG FGEGFA\AKGV FGEGFA\AK GV AC Z@CG\ DA C@ R\GDQFFOÖE R\GDQFFO ÖE.

 

LOAEAV _ VA\ZOFOGV VA\ZOFOGV JOE@CAV • R@\@ F@CFQC@\ AC ROL Z@CG\@KGV CGV LOAEAV _ VA\ZOFOGV JOE@CAV R\GDQFODGV. QE LOAE (G VA\ZOFOG) JOE@C AV QE @\TËFQCG PQA FGKR\@ AC QVQ@\OG JOE@C DQ\@ETA QE RA\OGDG AVRAFËJOFG.

 

R\GDQFODGV AE QE R@ËV • VÖCG CGV CGV LOAEAV _ VA\ VA\ZOFOGV ZOFOGV PQA VA

R@ËV JG\K@E R@\TA R\GDQFAE AE QE R@ËV DA VQ ROL

 

DQ\@ETA FOA\TG RA\OGDG • AC ROL KODA AC Z@CG\ DA C@ R\GDQFFOÖE DQ\@ETA

FOA\TG RA\OGDG, RG\ CG HAEA\@C QE T\OKAVT\A DAC @ÐG (D@TGV DAC ROL) G QE @ÐG (D@TGV @EQ@CAV DACT\OKAVT\@CAV ROL).

 

\A \AET ET@ @ _ H@VTG H@VTG AC ROL KODA EG VÖCG AC Z@CG\ DA C@ R\GDQFFOÖE TGT@C, VOEG T@KLOÏE AC OEH\AVG _ AC H@VTG TGT@CAV. AV OKRG\T@ETA PQA M@_@ QE@ APQOZ@CAEFO@ AET\A AC Z@CG\ DA C@ R\GDQFFOÖE TGT@C _ AC OEH\AVG TGT@C, RG\PQA KQAVT\@ C@ \AC@FOÖE DO\AFT@ AET\A C@ R\GDQFTOZOD@D _ CGV EOZACAV DA ZOD@. EQAVT\G EOZAC DA ZOD@ @QKAET@ FQ@EDG EQAVT\G EQAVT\GV V OEH\AVGVKÀV VA OEF\AKAET@E _ EGV D@EVOE C@ RGVOLOCOD@D DA FGKR\@\ LOAEAV _ VA\ZOFOGV9 AKL@\HG, DALAKGV R\GDQFO\ KÀV LOAEAV _ VA\ZOFOGV VO PQA\AKGV @QKAET@\ @QKAET@\ EQAVT\G FGEVQKG DA CGV KOVKGV

 

KATGDGV R@\@ F@CFQC@\ AC RLO • KATGDG DAC H@VTG   RLO; F+H+O+]E ; 0KOCCGE • KATGDG OEH\AVG • RLO; OETA\AV+QTOCOD@DAV+V@C@\OGV+@CPQOCA\AV;0KOCCGE.   I MA T E

 

KADOFOGE DAC RLO DA AVT@DGV QEODGV _ RA\Q

AC DAR@\T@KAETG DA @EÀCOVOV AFGEÖKOFG (D@A) DA AVT@DGV QEODGV, AE C@V FQAET@V DAC OEH\AVG E@FOGE@C _ DAC R\GDQFTG (E@TOGE@C OEFGKA @ED R\GDQFT @FFGQETV), QTOCO^@ CGV FGEFARTGV DAC KGDACG DAC JCQNG FO\FQC@\ R@\@ KADO\ AC ROL _ VQV FGKRGEAETAV. DA OHQ@C JG\K@, AC OEVTOTQTG E@FOGE@C DA AVT@DËVTOF@ A OEJG\KÀTOF@ DA RA\Þ QTOCO^@ AC KGDACG FO\FQC@\ R@\@ C@ FQ@ETOJOF@FOÖE DA VQ R\GDQFTG. RQAVTG PQA AC Z@CG\ DA C@ R\GDQFFOÖE @H\AH@D@ AV OHQ@C @C H@VTG @H\AH@DG _ @C OEH\AVG @H\AH@DG, A]OVTAE DGV AEJGPQAV DOVRGEOLCAV R@\@ KADO\ AC ROL, _ @KLGV VGE QTOCO^@DGV. ÏVTGV VGE> • ▢ AC AEJGPQA DAC H@VTG. • ▢ AC AEJGPQA DAC OEH\AVG.

 

AC AEJGPQA DAC H@VTG

KODA AC ROL FGKG C@ VQK@ DAC H@VTG DA FGEVQKG (F ), C@ OEZA\VOÖE (O ), C@V FGKR\@V HQLA\E@KAET@CAV DA LOAEAV _ VA\ZOFOGV (H) _ C@V A]RG\T@FOGEAV EAT@V DA LOAEAV _  ] ‖ K ). VA\ZOFOGV ( ]

RLO; F+H+O+]E

 

FGKRGEAETAV DAC RLO - H@VTG CGV H@VTGV DA FGEVQKG RA\VGE@C VGE CGV PQA \A@CO^@E FGEVQKG> • C@V J@KOCO@V  AE LOAEAV _ VA\ZOFOGV R\GDQFODGV AE AC R@OV _ AC \AVTG

DAC KQEDG. AVTGV H@VTGV OEFCQ_AE LOAEAV FGKG \AJ\AVFGV _ COL\GV, _ VA\ZOFOGV FGKG C@ L@EF@ _ @VAVG\Ë@ CAH@C. T@KLOÏE OEFCQ_AE C@ FGKR\@ DA LOAEAV DQ\@DA\GV DA FGEVQKG, FGKG TACAZOVG\AV _ MG\EGV DA KOF\GGED@V, RA\G EG C@ FGKR\@ DA F@V@V EQAZ@V, _@ PQA ÏVT@V JG\K@E R@\TA DA C@ OEZA\VOÖE.

 

FGKRGEAETAV DAC RLO - H@VTG H@VTGV DA HGLOA\EG> C@V FGKR\@V HQLA\E@KAET@CAV DA LOAEAV _ VA\ZOFOGV VGE C@V @DPQOVOFOGEAV DA LOAEAV _ VA\ZOFOGV PQA AJAFTÞ@ AC HGLOA\EG AE TGDGV VQV EOZACAV. AVTA FGEFARTG OEFCQ_A H@VTGV FGKG CGV DA C@ DAJAEV@ E@FOGE@C _ C@ \AFGCAFFOÖE DA L@VQ\@, RA\G EG OEFCQ_A CGV R@HGV RG\ T\@EVJA\AEFO@V, FGKG C@V R\AVT@FOGEAV R\AVT @FOGEAV DA DAVAKRCAG, RG\PQA EG VGE FGKR\@V DA LOAEAV _ VA\ZOFOGV.

 

FGKRGEAETAV DAC RLO - H@VTG C@ OEZA\VOÖE OETA\E@ R\OZ@D@ L\QT@ AV AC H@VTG DA C@V AKR\AV@V AE APQORG DA F@ROT@C _ FGEVT\QFFOGEAV, @VË FGKG AC H@VTG DA C@V J@KOCO@V AE F@V@V EQAZ@V9 @DAKÀV, OEFCQ_A AC F@KLOG DA OEZAET@\OGV DA C@V AKR\AV@V.

 

FGKRGEAETAV DAC RLO - H@VTG • C@V A]RG\T A]RG\T@FOGEAV @FOGEAV EAT EAT@V @V DA LOAEAV _ VA\ZOFOGV VA\ZOFOGV FGEVOVTAE AE AC Z@CG\ DA C@V A]RG\T@FOGEAV KAEGV AC Z@CG\ DA C@V OKRG\T@FOGEAV.

 

AC AEJGPQA DAC OEH\AVG KODA AC ROL VQK@EDG CGV OEH\AVGV PQA C@V AKR\AV@V R@H@E @ C@V J@KOCO@V RG\ CGV J@FTG\AV DA R\GDQFFOÖE PQA AVT@V ÞCTOK@V CAV GJ\AFAE> V@C@\OGV RG\ T\@L@NG, OETA\AVAV RG\ F@ROT@C, \AET@ RG\ TOA\\@ _ H@E@EFO@V RG\ M@LOCOD@DAV AKR\AV@\O@CAV. C@V FQAET@V  E@FOGE@CAV DA R\GDQFTG A OEH\AVG DOZODAE CGV OEH\AVGV AE FOEFG F@TAHG\Ë@V> • 0. FGKRAEV@FOÖE @ CGV T\@L@N@DG\AV. • KODA C@ R\GDQFFOÖE DA LOAEAV _ VA\ZOFOGV \A@CO^@D@

RG\ CGV \AVODAETAV DAC R@ËV (DAET\G DA C@V J\GETA\@V)

KAEGV DA LOAEAV _ VA\ZOFOGV OETA\KADOGV (CGV PQAACVAFGEVQKG FGEVQKOA\GE R@\@ RGDA\ R\GDQFO\). • REL> KOAET\@V AC ROL KODA C@ R\GDQFFOÖE DA LOAEAV _ VA\ZOFOGV JOE@CAV DAET\G DA C@V J\GETA\@V DA QE R@ËV, AC REL VA GFQR@ DA DA KADO\ C@ R\GDQFFOÖE DA R@ËV, CGV E@FOGE@CAV. AVTG AV, CGV FOQD@D@EGV DA QE OEDARAEDOAETAKAETA DA DÖEDA VA AEFQAET\AE.   REL ; RLO + R@HG EATG DA J@FTG\AV A]TA\EGV

 

R@HG EATG DA J@FTG\AV A]TA\EGV REJA; RE ‖ RA]

• RE ; C@ R\GDQFT R\GDQFTG G E@FOGE@C AE AC A]T\@ENA\G ( OEH\AVGV) • RA] ; C@ R\GDQFFOGE A]T\@ENA\@( AH\ AH\AVGV) AVGV)

• REL; RLO + REJA • REE; REL ‖ DAR\AFO@FOGE • ROE; RLO - DAR\AFO@FOGE AC REL _ AC RLO VOE OEDOFAV DOJA\AETAV, QEG VA\@ VQRA\OG\ @C GT\G AE AFGEGKO@V @LOA\T@V _ AE AFGEGKO@V FA\\@D@V DGEDA EG M@_ OETA\F@KLOG FGE R@OVAV A]T\@ENA\GV AC RLO _ AC REL VA\@E OHQ@CAV

 

DOJA\AETAV JG\K@V DA KADO\ AC • REE>

R\GDQFTG

AV AC R\GDQFTG E@FOGE@C EATG. VA F@CFQC@ \AVT@EDG @C REL AC FGEVQKG DA F@ROT@C JONG. DA AVT@ JG\K@>

REE; REL ‖ FGEVQKG DA F@ROT@C JONG

• ROE> AV AC R\GDQFTG OETA\EG EATG. VA F@CFQC@ \AVT@EDG

@C ROL C@ DAR\AFO@FOÖE G FGEVQKG DA F@ROT@C JONG. AE

GT\@V R@C@L\@V, FGE PQA AVT@VQJ\AE KADOD@ AC DATA\OG\G G DAVH@VTA CGVFGEVODA\@KGV LOAEAV DA F@ROT@C FQ@EDG VA QTOCO^@E AE AC R\GFAVG R\GDQFTOZG. RG\ ANAKRCG, QE MG\EG DA R@E VA Z@ DAVH@VT@EDG @ KADOD@ PQA VA R\GDQFAE KÀV _ KÀV R@EAV. DA AVT@ JG\K@, AC ROE; RLO ‖ FGEVQKG DA F@ROT@C JONG.

 

RLO RA\F@ROT@  

EG AV K@V PQA AC OEH\AVG RA\ FÀROT@ G \AET@ RA\ FÀROT@ AV QE OEDOF@DG\ AFGEÖKOFG PQA KODA C@ \AC@FOÖE A]OVTAETA AET\A AC EOZAC DA \AET@ DA QE R@ËV _ VQ RGLC@FOÖE. R@\@ ACCG, DOZODATA\\OTG\OG AC R\GDQFTG L\QTG OETA\EG DA VADOFMG AET\A AC EÞKA\G DA M@LOT@ETAV.

RLO parf`pot`; RLO / E² DA M@LOT@ETAV.

RLO parf`pot` RLO / E DA M@LOT@ETAV.  

RLO EGKOE EGKOE@C @C _ \A@C FGE J\AFQAEFO@ DAVA@KGV FGKR@\@\ AC ROL DA DGV RA\OGDGV, DOH@KGV