El Espíritu Santo en La Iglesia

 

. Nb Nspärltu Wjftc nf bj Lmbnslj Lftrckug ckuggl÷ gl÷f f :. Lftr 9. Bj cirj knb Nspä Nspärlt rltu u Wjftc nf bj Lmbnslj Lmbns lj 7. Bj cirj knb Nspär Nspärltu ltu Wjftc Wjft c j flv flvnb nb pnrscfj pnrs cfjbb ;. Gcfg Gcfgbus busl÷f l÷f >. Ilib Iliblcm lcmrjo rjoäj äj  LF[YCK^GGL×F   LF[YCK^GGL× F  Nb trjijhc qun tlnfns knbjftn, dês qun uf trjijhc ns uf gcrtc rnsudnf, nxpunstc kn ocrdj irnvn, rnsudlkj pnrc j bj vnz gcfglsj, kn bj Mrjf cirj knb Nspärltu Wjftc nf bj Lmbnslj Prldltlvj, c Lmbnslj kn bcs Crämnfns gcdc klgnf jbmufcs. ^f trjijhc qun slf kukj corngn sus rntcs. Prldnrjdnftn  pcrqun fc ns oêglb nxprnsjr nf ufjs pcgjs pêmlfjs bj Mlmjftnsgj Cirj qun ej engec nb Nspärltu Wjftc nf bj Lmbnslj Prldltlvj. [jftc ns jsä, qun tnfndcs  prêgtlgjdnftn tckc nb Funvc [nstjdnftc qun ejibj kn nbbc, y scf dugejs dês pêmlfjs qun uf irnvn trjijhc gcdc nstn, y juf jsä vndcs qun nbbcs nxprnsjf tjdilìf kn ocrdj rnsudlkj bc qun ejf vlstc y cäkc, punstc qun fc

ejiräjf ocblcs pjrj nxpcfnr tckc bc qun nstjij ejglnfkc nb Nspärltu Wjftc. Ndpnzjrndcs nxpcflnfkc rnsudlkjdnftn bj cirj knb Ndpnzjrndcs Nspärltu Wjftc, ejibjfkc jgnrgj kn Ìb nf bj elstcrlj, c snj, nf bcs prldnrcs slmbcs, gujfkc jøf fc sn ejiäj ocrdjkc ufj kcgtrlfj scblkj knb dlsdc. Bunmc kn nxpcfnr gcdc vnäjf nb tndj knb Nspärltu Wjftc bcs  pjkrns kn bj Lmbnslj, vcbvnrndcs jb lflglc kn bj dlsdj, nb Pnftngcstìs.. \ trjtjrndcs kn rnbjtjr jpcyêfkcfcs Pnftngcstìs jpcyêfkcfcs nf bj Iliblj jsä gcdc nf jbmufcs ctrcs jutcrns jgtujbns nb mrjf jgcftngldlnftc qun ej slkc nb Pnftngcstìs. Yngcfcglnfkc prldnrjdnftn qun nstn ej slkc ufc kn bcs djycrns jgcftngldlnftcs kn bj elstcrlj kn bj eudjflkjk. Jgcftngldlnftc qun kj lflglc j bj "nrj grlstljfj". J pjrtlr kn nstn jgcftngldlnftc jgcftngldlnf tc ns gujfkc ndplnzj bj nxpbcsl÷f knb grlstljflsdc j nspjrglr pcr tckc nb dufkc. Jb ejibjr ufj pcgc kn bj cirj knb Nspärltu Wjftc nf bj lmbnslj gcdc ufj gcduflkjk uflkj nf Grlstc y fc ufj crmjflzjgl÷f tlpc muinrfjdnftjb c pcbätlgj, rnpjsjrndcs gcdc bj gulkj, bj prnpjrj, bj gjpjgltj y bj muäj pjrj qun ejmj bj cirj qun bn ej slkc nfgcdnfkjkj. Bunmc ejibjrndcs tjdilìf kn bj Cirj qun ejgn nb Nspärltu Wjftc nf bj vlkj pnrscfjb kn gjkj dlndirc kn nstn Gunrpc qun ns Grlstc. G÷dc jgtøj, g÷dc rnjblzj nf nb ecdirn bj gcfvnrsl÷f y ctrcs jspngtcs dês. [n tjf lfvltjdcs j gcfcgnr uf pcgc dês kn nstj elstcrlj nspngtjgubjr qun knskn ejgn dugec nstê slnfkc

 

ocrdjkj, y qun fc tnrdlfjrê ejstj qun nb dlsdc oufkjkcr  vnfmj pjrj gcfgbulrbj, ufj elstcrlj bbjdjkj grlstljflsdc.

:. BJ CIYJ KNB NWPÄYL[^ WJF[C NF BJ LMBNWLJ :.: Nb Nspärltu Wjftc Nf Bj  Elstcrlj Pckndcs qun nb grlstljflsdc ns bcrnvnbjkc qun ns ecy  pcrqun sn knglr ej gcfglnftlzjkc qun nb Klcs nf bjs Nsgrlturjs ns Pjkrn, Elhc y Nspärltu Wjftc. Nb grlstljflsdc ns fc nf tjftc, jgtlvc, klfêdlgc y prcmrnslvc tjftc nf su ocrdj, knsjrrcbbc y prcmrnsc. "Ns sjilkc qun knskn bcs käjs nf qun sn rnkjgtjf bcs nsgrltcs fnctnstjdnftjrlcs y j bc bjrmc kn bcs trns prldnrcs slmbcs kn grlstljflsdc, bj cgupjgl÷f tncb÷mlgj prldjrlj oun bj grlstcbcmäj, bj pnrscfj kn Hnsugrlstc. kn Hnsugrlstc. \ nf ciblguc, y pjubjtlfjdnftn, bj pfnudjtcbcmäj, nb Nspärltu Wjftc.": Pnrc oun scbjdnftn gcf nb gcrrnr knb tlndpc qun bj Lmbnslj trjfsocrd÷ nb bnmjkc nsgrlturjb kn bj vnrkjk gcfgnrflnftn jb Nspärltu Wjftc nf ufj ocrdubjgl÷f kcgtrlfjb y tncb÷mlgj. Dugecs kn bcs Pjkrns kn bj Lmbnslj Prldltlvj y bj djycräj kn bcs prldnrcs grnkcs elglnrcf rnonrnfglj jb Nspärltu Wjftc, pnrc pcr bc mnfnrjb bj kcgtrlfj fc oun engej cihntc kn gcftrcvnrslj, y pcr gcfslmulnftn fc oun knsjrrcbbjkj. Nb grnkc kn bcs Jp÷stcbns qun sldpbndnftn klgn8 "Grnc nf nb Nspärltu Wjftc", kjtj knb prldnr slmbc nf su gcdplbjgl÷f crlmlfjb. "Bj prldnrj tncbcmäj djkurj scirn nb Nspärltu Wjftc jpjrngn  prcpljdnftn nf nb slmbc LL sn prcbcfmj nf nb LLL y bbnmj j su gubdnf nf bcs slmbcs L_ y _."9 Ynglìf nf nb slmbc gujrtc (L_) bn klc su ocrdj dcknrfj. Ns nvlknftn qun bjs prldnrjs kìgjkjs kn bj Lmbnslj pcr bc dnfcs nstjij nftrnmjkj j bj vnrkjk kn bj nxlstnfglj y nb snr knb Nspärltu Wjftc. Pnrc sl vcbvndcs jb prldnr slmbc y ngejdcs uf vlstjzc nf nb blirc kn bcs Engecs, vndcs qun nb jgcftngldlnftc dês mrjfkn ns bj lrrupgl÷f, bj nousl÷f knb Nspärltu Wjftc. Nb Nspärltu Wjftc ns, prêgtlgjdnftn, nb dctcr kn tckc. Wl gcdpjrjdcs Engecs gcf bjs Npästcbjs kn Pjibc, ns glnrtc qun fc nfgcftrjdcs nf bcs Engecs mrjfkns kngbjrjglcfns tncb÷mlgjs scirn nb dlsdc pnrc sl ufc bnn jtnftjdnftn sn kj gunftj qun ns ufj rnjblkjk qun bc ldpubsj tckc. ^fc kn bcs prldnrcs jutcrns qun dnfglcfjrcf nb Nspärltu Wjftc oun8

 

Gbndnftn kn Jbnhjfkräj (:>>-990 K. G.). Nsgrlil÷8 "Nb nspärltu Wjftc ns ufc y nb dlsdc pcr  tckjs pjrtns". Ìb nfsnú÷ qun nb Nspärltu Wjftc, knsgnfklnfkc knb glnbc scirn nb ecdirn, bn ejgäj gjpjz kn gcftndpbjr bjs gcsjs klvlfjs. [nrtubljfc knsgrlil÷ nf nb (:?0-999 K. G.), scirn nb ijutlsdc nf jmujs, ufj gcfonsl÷f nspngäolgj kn on nf nb Nspärltu Wjftc ns lfklgjkj, jftns kn bj lfdnrsl÷f. [nrtubljfc oun nb 9 Lilk., pp.?5-?< prldnr Pjkrn kn bj Lmbnslj qun us÷ nb tìrdlfc "trlflkjk" jpblgjkc nf rnonrnfglj j bjs pnrscfjs kn bj Knlkjk, gcbcgjfkc gcfsngunftndnftn jb Nspärltu nf bj dlsdj ijsn gcf nb Pjkrn y gcf nb Elhc. Nf glnrtj cgjsl÷f [nrtubljfc sn rnolrl÷ jb Nspärltu Wjftc gcdc nb "_lgjrlc" kn Grlstc. Nstj pjbjirj slmflolgj "suistltutc", pnrc knskn nftcfgns ej slkc jkcptjkj pcr  bj Lmbnslj Ycdjfj y ns usjkj pjrj nb Pjpj. Crämnfns (:5?-9>7 K. G.) Nf ufj kngbjrjgl÷f kn bjs kcgtrlfjs kn su tlndpc klhc8 "Nb Nspärltu Wjftc ns jscgljkc gcf nb Pjkrn y nb Elhc nf ecfcr  y klmflkjk. Fc ns gbjrc sl oun c fc nfmnfkrjkc. Ìb lfsplr÷ j bcs nsgrltcrns sjmrjkcs". Kn ctrcs nsgrltcs ns nvlknftn qun Crämnfns jkcpt÷ bj pcslgl÷f kn grnnr qun nb Nspärltu Wjftc ns lfgrnjkc. Nfsnú÷ qun nb dlflstnrlc knb Nspärltu Wjftc nrj pjrj ctcrmjr sjftlkjk, y qun bj kcgtrlfj knb Nspärltu ndjfjij scbjdnftn kn bj rnvnbjgl÷f. r nvnbjgl÷f. Pcr ctrc bjkc fc tckcs bcs rnmlstrcs jftlmucs gcfgunrkjf gcf bj crtckcxlj. Bcs Dcfjrquäjfcs Jb gcdlnfzc knb (snmufkc) LL slmbc, nfsnújijf qun nb Nspärltu Wjftc fc ns klstlftc knb Pjkrn y knb Elhc. Pnbjmlc (7?0-;90 K. G.) rngejz÷ bj kcgtrlfj kn bj cirj grnjtlvj knb Nspärltu nf rnmnfnrjr j bcs grnynftns, y gcf nstc gcdnfz÷ ufj bäfnj kn pnfsjdlnftcs qun ej bbnmjkc j nstjr rnprnsnftjkj pcr nb ^fltjrljflsdc y glnrtcs blinrjbns nxtrndjkcs. Bj Nsgunbj Djgnkcflj Jftnrlcr jb gcfglblc kn Flgnj (;9> K. G.) fnm÷ bj pnrscfjblkjk y bj Knlkjk knb Nspärltu.

 

Elp÷bltc (Wlmbc LLL) ns rnspcfsjibn kn ejinr   prnsnftjkc jb Nspärltu Wjftc gcdc ufj dnrj ounrzj nf vnz kn ufj pnrscfj. Jøf bcs grnynftns crtckcxcs fc slndprn nstjijf kn jgunrkc gcf bj sjfj kcgtrlfj. Bjs oufglcfns kn bj Pjbjirj y nb Nspärltu nrjf nvlknftndnftn gcfoufklkjs.

:.9 Nb Nspärltu Wjftc  Nstjibngn bj Lmbnslj Lmbnslj Nb blirc kn bcs Engecs ns slf kukj nb blirc pcr  nxgnbnfglj nf bj prnsnftjgl÷f kn bj Lmbnslj knskn sus lflglcs nf Hnrusjbìf ejstj qun Pjibc, nb djycr  "eìrcn" kn bj Lmbnslj prldltlvj, bbnmj bj prlfglpjb glukjk knb Ldpnrlc Ycdjfc. Nb blirc fcs corngn jkndês ufj  pjfcrêdlgj kn bj vlkj y kn bj prnklgjgl÷f kn nstj gcduflkjk prldltlvj qun yj nf sus lflglcs oun bbjdjkj "grlstljfcs". Fcs dunstrj gcdc knskn Hnrusjbìf slmul÷ su nxpjfsl÷f knb Nvjfmnblc ejglj Wjdjrlj, Jftlcquäj, Jslj Dnfcr, Mrnglj ejstj bbnmjr j Ltjblj. Ns tjdilìf nf nstn blirc kcfkn vndcs kn ufj ocrdj gbjrj y nolgjz qun bj Lmbnslj knin su crlmnf y nxlstnfglj dlsdj jb Nspärltu Wjftc. Jb ejibjr kn bj Lmbnslj Prldltlvj, pcr supunstc qun fcs rnonrldcs j bj Lmbnslj c gcduflkjk knb prldnr slmbc, bj prldnrj gcduflkjk kn Grlstljfcs, bj gujb g÷dc nb dlsdc blirc kn bcs Engecs fcs rnbjtj, tuvc su lflglc nf Pnftngcstìs. Käj nf nb gujb bcs dlsdcs klsgäpubcs kn Hnsøs jmujrkjijf tckcs ufêfldns nb gudpbldlnftc kn bj prcdnsj (Ege. 98:). Jmujrkjijf gcfocrdn jb djfkjtc knb Dlsdc Hnsøs, qun bns klhc qun fc sjblnsnf kn Hnrusjbìf slfc qun nspnrjsnf bj prcdnsj knb Pjkrn (Ege. :8;). \ jsä bc elglnrcf gcdc fcs rnbjtj Bugjs nf nb blirc kn Engecs, y nb käj kn Pnftngcstìs nb prlfglplc kn vlkj oun ldpjrtlkc j bj Lmbnslj, pcflnfkc jsä nb gcdiustlibn j su dctcr pjrj qun ndpnzjrj j oufglcfjr y jvjfzjr. \ dlnftrjs qun bj Lmbnslj nxlstj jquä nf bj tlnrrj, nsn dlsdc Nspärltu Wjftc gcftlfujrê dcrjfkc nf bj Lmbnslj y kêfkcbn bj vlkj tjf nspngljb. "Hnsøs gcfslknr÷ j sus klsgäpubcs gcdc nb rndjfnftn kn  Lsrjnb qun jgnpt÷ su prcgbjdjgl÷f knb Ynlfc Ynlfc y qun knspuìs ocrd÷ nb  vnrkjknrc  vnrkjknrc punibc kn Klcs, nb Lsrjnb nsplrltujb."7 Bcs kcgn jp÷stcbns nbnmlkcs pcr Grlstc pjrj kjr  lflglc j Wu dcvldlnftc, nb grlstljflsdc, nbbcs scf bcs nfgjrmjkcs j pjrtlr kn Pnftngcstìs kn nspjrglr nb Nvjfmnblc kn Wjbvjgl÷f Dufkc. NbnsNspärltu Wjftc, jbbä bns oun jb gcfgnklkc, qulìf bns kjrê qun bj

 

ounrzj y bj nftnrnzj pjrj nvjfmnblzjr. "Nstj jgtujgl÷f knb Nspärltu knb Wnúcr tnfkrê ufj gcftlfulkjk lflftnrrudplkj nf tckc nb tlndpc kn bj Lmbnslj qun nftcfgns sn lflglj"; ^fj kn bjs gcftrliuglcfns ldpcrtjftns knb Nspärltu Wjftc j bj Lmbnslj ns gcfstltulkj  pcr nb engec qun ej kjkc y gcfolrdj bj Pjbjirj nsgrltj. Pcr  dnklc kn ufj lftulgl÷f klrngtj nf nb gcrjz÷f knb grnynftn nb Nspärltu Wjftc gcfstltuyn ufj kngbjrjgl÷f kn qun Klcs ns nb Jutcr kn bjs Nsgrlturjs. Nsc ns bc qun bn kj jb grlstljfc bj snmurlkjk kn qun bj pjbjirj qun ns djfujb kn su vlkj, bj Muäj kn bj Lmbnslj, ns bj vnrkjknrj Pjbjirj kn Klcs, gcfolrdjkj pcr Grlstc y snbbjkj pcr nb Nspärltu Wjftc. Klcs tlnfn ufj Lmbnslj scirn bj [lnrrj, bj gujb nstê gcdpunstj pcr tckcs bcs vnrkjknrcs grlstljfcs. Nstj Lmbnslj pckräjdcs knglr, ns uf crmjflsdc nsplrltujb knb gujb ns dlndirc tckc grnynftn vnrkjknrc, snj gujb ounrn bj jolbljgl÷f j crmjflzjgl÷f nxtnrfj qun tnfmj. Nstj lmbnslj fc ns ctrj slfc nb gunrpc nf nb gujb tckcs bcs dlndircs nstêf vltjbdnftn uflkcs, kn djfnrj qun nbbcs fc vlvnf s÷bc pcr sä y pjrj sä dlsdcs, jpjrtjkc kn bcs kndês, slfc qun nstêf uflkcs ufcs gcf ctrcs nf uf nfbjgn rnjb. J nstj lmbnslj, sn nftrj j ocrdjr pjrtn pcr dnklc kn Hnsugrlstc, puns Ìb ns bj punrtj (Hf. :08 Nf ctrjs pjbjirjs, ns nb Nspärltu Wjftc qulìf nstjibngn nstj Lmbnslj vnrkjknrj. nstj fjturjbnzj oufkjkcrj jsä gcdc nb\dìtckc qun Ìb utlblzj pjrj knb Nspärltu Wjftc nstjibngnr bj Lmbnslj ns jbmc qun vndcs gbjrjdnftn knbldltjkc nf bjs Nsgrlturjs, nspngljbdnftn nf nb blirc kn bcs Engecs kn bcs Jp÷stcbns. Wl pcfndcs jtnfgl÷f pcr nhndpbc nf nb jgcftngldlnftc kn Pnftngcstìs (Ege. 98:- :7), fcs kjdcs gunftj kn qun Bugjs pjsj j knsgrlilr uf jgcftngldlnftc qun tuvc gjrêgtnr gcfstltuynftn nf bj nxlstnfglj kn bj Lmbnslj prldltlvj. Nsgnfj kn nfcrdn trjsgnfknfglj nf bj elstcrlj kn bj Lmbnslj fcs fjrrj Bugjs nf nstn gjpätubc knb blirc kn Engecs. J nstj nsgnfj, gcdc j jbmc nxtrjcrklfjrlc, sn rnonräj Hnsøs gujfkc, pcgc jftns kn Wu jsgnfsl÷f, jvlsjij j bcs jp÷stcbns kn qun fc sn jusnftjsnf kn Hnrusjbìf ejstj qun bbnmjrj nstn käj (Ege. :8;, >).

 

Gujfkc sn gudpblnrcf bcs käjs8 Nstj lftrckuggl÷f fcs jsnmurj qun bbnmjdcs j ufj ongej ldpcrtjftn nf bj elstcrlj bugjfj knb pjsjkc qun klc nxlstnfglj j bj Lmbnslj. Gcf bj dlsdj o÷rdubj sn jfufgljij nb  fjgldlnftc knb elhc kn Djräj (Bg 9,?) y bj lfjumurjgl÷f knb vljhn-ìxckc kn Hnsøs (Bg :). Nqulvjbn, pcr gcfslmulnftn, j uf lfklgjtlvc qun  snújbj nb prlfglplc kn bjs ntjpjs dês ldpcrtjftns ldpcrtjftns nf bj elstcrlj sjmrjkj kn Bugjs. Jquä snújbj nb  tnrdlfus j quc pjrj bj funvj nrj kn bj Lmbnslj, lfjumurjkj pcr lfjumurjkj  pcr nb kcf knb Nspärltu.? Ns jecrj prnglsjdnftn gujfkc punkn knglrsn qun vj j gcdnfzjr bj elstcrlj kn bj Lmbnslj, puns ns jecrj gujfkc nb Nspärltu Wjftc knsglnfkn fc gcdc ufj prcdnsj lfvlslibn, slfc gcdc uf engec vlslibn scirn bj "lmbnslj"  pjrj  pjrj kjrbn bj vlkj y gjrmjrbj gcf nb gcdiustlibn fngnsjrlc pjrj qun su dctcr  oufglcfn y ndplngn jsä su dcvldlnftc. [nfndcs jkndês bcs Nvjfmnblcs, jsä gcdc bjs gjrtjs Pjublfjs qun fcs kjf dês kntjbbns knb prcgnsc kn nstj lmbnslj, knb oufglcfjdlnftc kn nstj djqulfjrlj j pjrtlr  kn nftcfgns, jsä gcdc bcs prcgnkldlnftcs pjrj ufj pnrscfj ejgnr pjrtn kn bj dlsdj. Bjs Nsgrlturjs fcs klgnf qun "nb qun fc fjglnrn kn jmuj y knb Nspärltu, fc punkn nftrjr nf nb  rnlfc kn Klcs" (Hf. 78>), gcf 78>), gcf bc gujb nftnfkndcs qun ufc knin fjgnr kn funvc pcr nb Nspärltu Wjftc j olf kn nftrjr  j ocrdjr pjrtn kn bj lmbnslj kn Grlstc, gcdc Hnsøs bc lfklg÷ j Flgckndc. Jkndês, tckc dlndirc knin gcfonsjr qun Hnsugrlstc ns nb Wnúcr, y nstc s÷bc sn  punkn ejgnr gcf nb pcknr knb Nspärltu, gcdc bc klhc Pjibc8 "fjkln qun ejibn pcr nb Nspärltu kn Klcs bbjdj jfjtndj j Hnsøs1 y fjkln punkn bbjdjr j Hnsøs Wnúcr,  slfc pcr nb Nspärltu Wjftc (:Gcr. (:Gcr. :987). \ :987).  \ nsc, ufjGrlstc vnz dês gcfolrdj bj lmbnslj, bj gujb ns fcs bj gjinzj, ns qun nstjibnglkj pcr nb pcknr knb Nspärltu Wjftc. Gcdc jbmufcs jutcrns klgnf8 "Knb dlsdc dckc qun nb Nspärltu Wjftc ocrd÷ nb gunrpc oäslgc kn Hnsugrlstc nf bj nfgjrfjgl÷f, jsä tjdilìf ocrdj nb gunrpc dästlgc kn Hnsugrlstc, ns knglr, bj lmbnslj."=

:.7 Nb Nspärltu Wjftc  Jkdlflstrj bj Lmbnslj Lmbnslj Nf bj Lmbnslj qun ns nb gunrpc kn Grlstc, gjkj dlndirc nstê punstc kn tjb djfnrj qun punkj nhnrgnr bj oufgl÷f qun bn ns prcplj. Nb Nspärltu Wjftc kj j gjkj dlndirc knb gunrpc kn Grlstc uf kcf c ufj ojgubtjk

 

 pjrtlgubjr, snmøf Ìb qulnrn (: Gcr. :98::). Nstcs kcfns c tjbnftcs, scf bcs qun pnrdltn j bj Lmbnslj nb nhnrgnr su jgtlvlkjk kn ocrdj crknfjkj y nongtlvj y snrvlr j Klcs ecfrjkjdnftn. Grlstc dlsdc ej gjpjgltjkc j ufcs gcdc jp÷stcbns, prcontjs, djnstrcs, ntg., (No. ;8::) Nb Nspärltu Wjftc klrlmn bj jkdlflstrjgl÷f kn bj Lmbnslj pjrj qun sn tcdnf knglslcfns sjiljs (Ege. ?8:-=). Ns Ìb qulnf nf uf dcdnftc kn klsgcrklj y durdurjgl÷f kj bjs lfstrugglcfns pjrj bj rnscbugl÷f nolgjz knb prcibndj, kn ocrdj qun tckcs snjf jtnfklkcs kn lmujb djfnrj, y qun bj jkdlflstrjgl÷f snj dês hustj y nolgjz (Ege. ?8:-=). Ns qulìf gccrklfj y crmjflzj bj lmbnslj, y kj bj prnsnftj bj ocrdj qun bj Lmbnslj knin snr  jkdlflstrjkj. Ns Ìb qulnf nqulpj j bj lmbnslj gcdpbntjdnftn pjrj qun snj gjpjz kn bbnvjr jknbjftn bj cirj knb dlflstnrlc y pjrj bj nklolgjgl÷f knb gunrpc kn Grlstc. Nf tckc nb blirc kn bcs Engecs vndcs gcdc nb Nspärltu Wjftc ns qulìf pcfn j pjrtn j bcs qun qulnrn qun trjijhn nf Wu cirj, gcdc nb gjsc kn Inrfjiì y Pjibc. _ndcs gcdc klrlmn j bcs klsgäpubcs lfklgêfkcbns pcr kcfkn pjsjr y pcr  kcfkn fc pjsjr, y quì ejgnr nf gjkj sltujgl÷f. [ckcs bcs fnmcglcs y nb prcmrjdj kn bj Lmbnslj nf bj tlnrrj kninf nstjr ijhc bj klrnggl÷f y bj muäj knb Nspärltu Wjftc (Ege. 90.951 :>.95). Bj Lmbnslj prcmrnsj nf bj dnklkj qun nb Nspärltu Wjftc ns pnrdltlkc snr nb bäknr kn nbbj. Wl fcs olhjdcs nf bcs Nvjfmnblcs, gujfkc Hnsøs jb lflglc ndprnfkl÷ bj tjrnj kn ocrdjr Wu Lmbnslj, vndcs qun Ìb ej gcdnfzjkc gcf uf pnqunúc nqulpc kn trjijhc, bcs gujbns Ìb dlsdc bcs prnpjr÷ gcdc bäknrns. Nsn nqulpc gnftrjb qun nrj jb lflglc kn :9 bunmc oun jdpbljkc j =9, y nf Pnftngcstìs vndcs qun bbnm÷ j grngnr ejstj bbnmjr j uf mrupc kn :90. "Ìb jkcptj nb dlsdc grltnrlc ecy, prnpjrjfkc mnftn  pjrj nb blknrjzmc qun bn kì gcftlfulkjk gcftlfulkjk j bj cirj kn grngldlnftc y knsjrrcbbc kn su lmbnslj nf uf nf  uf gcdpjúnrlsdc jgtlvc gcf ìb".5 \ pjrj pcknr nftnfknr pcr quì Grlstc bc ejgn jsä, prldnrjdnftn tnfndcs qun kjrfcs gunftj kn qun, knskn nb dlsdc prlfglplc kn Wu cirj Klcs knglkl÷ lfgbulrfcs gcdc jdlmcs y gcbjicrjkcrns nf bj dlsdj. Ìb qulsc y slmun qunrlnfkc qun snjdcs pjrtn kn bj jkdlflstrjgl÷f kn Wu cirj, Wu punibc, Wu Lmbnslj,  huftjdnftn gcf nb Nspärltu Wjftc, qun ns prlfglpjb jkdlflstrjkcr y Grlstc qun ns bj gjinzj kn bj dlsdj. _ndcs qun knskn bj Grnjgl÷f Ìb kct÷ j Jkêf y j Nvj gcf tckjs bjs ojgubtjkns y kcfns fngnsjrlcs pjrj nhnrgnr nb kcdlflc y bj jkdlflstrjgl÷f kn bcqun qunnbejiäj grnjkc ej nf Wu fcdirn (Mf. :895). \ jøf snr eudjfc

 

ojbbjkc y ej kngnpglcfjkc j Klcs nf bj rnspcfsjilblkjk kn mnstlcfjr bc qun bn ejiäj nfgcdnfkjkc, juf jsä, jb fjgnr kn funvc pcr dnklc knb ijutlsdc, Ìb fcs ejgn ufj funvj grnjgl÷f, y jb nftrjr pcr bj punrtj qun ns Grlstc vcbvndcs j ejgnr pjrtn kn nsj funvj rnjblkjk knb Ynlfc kn Klcs. Ns nftcfgns gujfkc bcs prlvlbnmlcs y rnspcfsjilblkjkns qun ejiäjdcs rnglilkc pjrj mcinrfjr y mnstlcfjr fcs scf rnstjurjkcs pcr nb Pcknr knb Nspärltu Wjftc, qulìf gjpjgltj, prnpjrj y pnrtrngej jb punibc kn Klcs pjrj nftrjr ctrj vnz nf ufj gccpnrjgl÷f jgtlvj y klfêdlgj gcf bjs [rns Pnrscfjs kn bj [rlflkjk. Fc qunkj kukj kn qun nb Nspärltu Wjftc kn Klcs nstê slndprn klspunstc j gjpjgltjr j bcs grnynftns y j kctjrbns gcf bjs ojgubtjkns fngnsjrljs nf bj bjicr kn jkdlflstrjr, mnstlcfjr y blknrjr bj cirj kn Klcs, pnrc ns kninr funstrc gcdc Wus slnrvcs, pnklr Wu klrnggl÷f y pnrdjfngnr gcfstjftns nf Wu gjdlfc. "Ìb muäj lfkukjibndnftn8 pnrc tjftc sus crlnftjglcfns, gcdc bj gjpjglkjk pjrj rngcfcgnrbjs y cinkngnrbjs,  pckrêf jprcvngejrsn øflgjdnftn øflgjdnftn gujfkc gnkjdcs nb  bumjr jb  Nspärltu  Nspärltu Wjftc, qulnf ns nb bnmätldc rnprnsnftjftn kn Grlstc scirn bj tlnrrj."< j trjvìs kn_ndcs bjs Nsgrlturjs y tjdilìf kn bj elstcrlj, qun bj lmbnslj prldltlvj nrj gcdpbntjdnftn gcfsglnftn kn nfgcftrjrsn ijhc bj jggl÷f y gcfkuggl÷f knb Nspärltu Wjftc y kn nstjr bbnfj kn sus kcfns. Jsä vndcs gcdc nb Wnúcr mbcrlolgjkc nhnrgn Wu pbnfj jutcrlkjk scirn nbbj.

:.; Nb Nspärltu Wjftc \ Bj  Nvjfmnblzjgl÷f  Nvjfmnblzjgl÷ f Nb Nspärltu Wjftc kj bj ounrzj y nb êfldc pjrj prnklgjr (Ege. ;85, :7,7:). Bcs klsgäpubcs qun jftns vnäjdcs gcf rjsmcs kn tldlknz y gcijrkäj (Dt. 9?8>1 9?8?9) ns lftnrnsjftn pcrqun gcftlnfn nb  prldnr snrd÷f grlstljfc. Puns jftns nstêijdcs "jgcstudirjkcs" "jgcstudirjkc s" j nsgugejr snrdcfns kn icgj kn Grlstc, pnrc jecrj vndcs pcr prldnrj vnz, uf snrd÷f jgnrgj kn Grlstc nf ickj kn ctrc. Nsc sä ns jbmc dês qun lftnrnsjftn, y qun sn ejrê bunmc, gjkj vnz dês gcdøf nftrn bcs klonrnftns pnrscfjhns knb Funvc [nstjdnftc.

 

J dnklkj qun bj lmbnslj prldltlvj sn vj crmjflzjfkc y jvjfzjfkc nf su bjicr, vndcs qun usjijf iêslgjdnftn gujtrc tlpcs kn prnklgjglcfn prnklgjglcfns8 s8 :. Ejiäj bc qun sn bbjdj nb Anrymdj, qun qulnrn knglr bltnrjbdnftn nb jfufglc kn uf prnmcfnrc, y gcfslstn nf bj nxpcslgl÷f kn bcs engecs gbjvn knb Nvjfmnblc qun fc sn  punknf fnmjr fl klsgutlr, gcdc vlnrcf gbjrc bcs prldnrcs  prnklgjkcrns. 9. Ejiäj bc qun sn bbjdj bj klkjhì,

qun qulnrn knglr bltnrjbdnftn nfsnújfzj, y qun klbuglkj y knsjrrcbbj nb slmflolgjkc y bjs ldpblgjglcfns kn bcs engecs qun sn ejf prcgbjdjkc. Pjrj knglrbc nf tìrdlfcs jgtujbns, ns gcdc sl, knspuìs qun nb prnklgjkcr ej nxpunstc bcs engecs lfgcftnstjibns, bcs cynftns bn prnmuftjrjf8 « ³\ jecrj quì3± Bj klkjhì snräj bj rnspunstj j nsj prnmuftj. 7. Ejiäj bc qun sn bbjdj bj  pjrêabìsls, qun qulnrn knglr bltnrjbdnftn nxecrtjgl÷f. Nstj gbjsn kn prnklgjgl÷f prnsnftjij j bcs cynftns bj ciblmjgl÷f kn jhustjr su vlkj jb Anrymdj y j bj klkjhì qun yj bns ejiäjf kjkc. ;. Ejiäj bc qun sn bbjdj bj ecdlbäj, qun qulnrn knglr nb knsjrrcbbc kn uf tndj c knpjrtjdnftc kn bj vlkj j bj buz knb Nvjfmnblc. Ejilnfkc yj nf bj lmbnslj prldltlvj nstjs gujtrc gbjsns kn prnklgjglcfns, gjin puftujblzjr qun fc ejiräj ufj dnhcr  qun ctrj j bj ecrj kn bbnvjr bjs iunfjs funvjs kn Grlstc Hnsøs, slfc qun "ufj prnklgjgl÷f lftnmrjb tlnfn jbmc kn bcs gujtrc nbndnftcs8 gcftlnfn bj prcgbjdjgl÷f kn bcs engecs gbjvn knb Nvjfmnblc1 bj nxpblgjgl÷f knb slmflolgjkc kn tjbns engecs1 bj nxecrtjgl÷f j jhustjr j nbbcs bj vlkj, y nb knsjrrcbbc kn tckjs bjs jgtlvlkjkns kn bj vlkj j bj buz knb Nvjfmnblc.":0 Jspngtcs qun slf kukj nb Nspärltu Wjftc oun cirjfkc nf bj vlkj kn bcs klsgäpubcs c prnmcfnrcs knb Nvjfmnblc,  pjrj qun ounrj dês nolgjz su bjicr kn nvjfmnblzjr jb dufkc. Jecrj ilnf, nf gujftc jb blirc kn bcs Engecs, kcfkn sn lflglj bj lmbnslj y jsä bj prnklgjgl÷f knb nvjfmnblc, fcs nfgcftrjdcs nspngljbdnftn gcf nb tlpc kn  prnklgjgl÷f aìrymdêtlgj aìrymdêtlgj,, pcrqun nstn blirc fcs rnbjtj bj prcgbjdjgl÷f kn bcs engecs knb Nvjfmnblc qun sn klrlmn j bcs qun tckjväj fc bcs gcfcgnf. \ bj rnspcfsjilblkjk kn klgej kn prcgbjdjgl÷f knb Nvjfmnblc, rnpcsjij scirn bcs klsgäpubcs Grlstc, bcs gujbns, gcdc

 

fcs klgn Gbndnftn kn Ycdj, "bbnfcs kn bj snmurlkjk qun kj nb   Nspärltu Wjftc, bcs jp÷stcbns jp÷stcbns pjrtlnrcf  pjrj jfufgljr  pjrj  jfufgljr pcr tckjs pjrtns bj iunfj funvj kn bj vnflkj knb rnlfc kn bcs glnbcs".:: ^fj vnz bbnfc knb Nspärltu Wjftc, nb lfklvlkuc fc  punkn ejgnr ctrj gcsj qun gcdpjrtlr bj nspnrjfzj qun tlnfn. Nb nstjr bbnfc knb Nspärltu Wjftc fcs bbnvj lfdnkljtjdnftn y kn ufj ocrdj nxtrjcrklfjrlj j bj nvjfmnblzjgl÷f, j bj  prnklgjgl÷f knb Nvjfmnblc. Nsc ns bc qun vndcs gjkj vnz qun nb Nspärltu Wjftc nblmn y nfväj j uf lfklvlkuc j trjijhjr nf Wu cirj, kn nsc fcs kj tnstldcflc nspngljbdnftn nb blirc kn bcs Engecs. Ns nb Nspärltu Wjftc qulìf klgn j k÷fkn ejy qun lr y j kcfkn fc ejy qun lr. Ìb nblmn bcs gjdlfcs pcr kcfkn sus cirnrcs ejf kn pjsjr, y vj knbjftn  prnpjrjfkc gjkj kntjbbn. ½ Ege. :78;, >:, >9(pcsltlvc). ½ Ege. :?8?,=(fnmjtlvc).  Jkndês, ns Ìb Nspärltu Wjftc qun tjdilìf nblhn j bjs pnrscfjs qun kninf snrvlr nf bj cirj kn Nvjfmnblzjr jb dufkc ldpjrtlnfkc bjs Iunfjs Funvjs kn Grlstc Hnsøs8 "Jpjrtjkdn j Inrfjiì y j Wjubc  pjrj bj cirj j bj qun qun cs en bbjdjkc" (Ege. :>89).

:.> Nb Nspärltu Wjftc ^flolgj  J Bj Lmbnslj _ndcs j trjvìs kn bjs Nsgrlturjs qun bj cirj knb Nspärltu Wjftc fc sn bldltj j nstjibngnr bj Lmbnslj kn Grlstc, bbnvjr nb ecdirn j bj gcfvnrsl÷f, rnstjurjr sus vlkjs n lfgcrpcrjrbcs jb gunrpc kn Grlstc, slfc qun jkndês uflolgj j bj Lmbnslj, jb Gunrpc kn Grlstc. \ nsc bc ejgn dcrjfkc nf gjkj dlndirc kn nstn gunrpc (: Gc. 78:?, ?8: Nsc ns, scdcs duy klvnrslolgjkcs, puns jsä ouldcs grnjkcs, pnrc scdcs uflkcs pcrqun bj uflkjk knb Nspärltu ns ufj uflkjk Nsplrltujb. Ns ufj uflkjk prckuglkj pcr Ìb nf nb gcrjz÷f y bj gcfglnfglj kn tckcs jqunbbcs qun scf kn Grlstc. Fcs nstjdcs uflkcs j ufj crmjflzjgl÷f, slfc uflkcs jWjbv÷ uf Wnr, Grlstc Hnsøs, Zulìf fcs Grn÷, fcs y fcs Ynkldl÷. Wlf ndijrmc, nstj uflkjk fc ns jbmc kn bc gujb knilìrjdcs scrprnfknrfcs, puns sl rngcrkjdcs bc qun fcs klgn Bugjs nf Engecs vndcs qun yj knskn su oufkjgl÷f, bj uflkjk nrj jbmc qun yj jftlglpjij j bj dlsdj8 "Gujfkc bbnm÷ nb käj kn Pnftngcstìs, nstjijf tckcs ufêfldns huftcs.":? \ fcs jscdirjdcs jøf dês, gujfkc vndcs g÷dc vlväjf nf rnbjgl÷f j bjs gcsjs djtnrljbns, ilnfns, jbldnftcs, ntg.8 "[ckcs bcs qun ejiäjf grnäkc nstjijf huftcs, y tnfäjf nf gcdøf tckjs bjs gcsjs.":= Nf nstj ojdlblj, vlstj gcdc uf gunrpc ejiltjkc pcr uf Nspärltu, fc ejiäj bumjr   pjrj klstlfglcfns knilkjs j bj rlqunzj c j bj pcslgl÷f, jb snxc c j bj fjglcfjblkjk1 fc ejiäj bumjr pjrj nb crmubbc surmlkc kn bj lbustrjgl÷f c knb prlvlbnmlc rnblmlcsc.:5 J olfjb kn gunftjs, flfmufc kn nbbcs tnfäj fjkj kn qun hjgtjrsn. "[ckcs nbbcs ejiäjf slkc rnsgjtjkcs pcr su Wnúcr gujfkc nf djfnrj jbmufj euilnrjf pcklkc mjfjr su prcplj sjbvjgl÷f":< Bj Npästcbj j bcs Nonslcs fcs nfsnúj qun ufj ijsn lfqunirjftjibn kn bj uflkjk knb Nspärltu. \ nstj ijsn nstê gcfstltulkj pcr   iêslgjdnftn slntn nbndnftcs8

 

:. ^f scbc Klcs y Pjkrn kn tckcs (No. ;8?). 9. ^f scbc Wnúcr (No. ;8>) 7. ^f scbc Nspärltu (No. ;8;) ;. ^fj scbj on (No. ;8>) >. ^f scbc ijutlsdc (No. ;8>) ?. ^f scbc gunrpc (No. ;8;) =. ^fj scbj nspnrjfzj (No. ;8;) Nstjs scf bjs ijsns kn bj uflkjk kn bj Lmbnslj kn Grlstc kjkjs pcr Ìb dlsdc j trjvìs knb Nspärltu Wjftc. ^fjs ijsns s÷blkjs, nstjibnglkj pcr jggl÷f y vcbuftjk kn Klcs. Ijsns qun fcs pnrdltnf j fcsctrcs gcdc grnynftns, klsorutjr jquä nf bj tlnrrj jb dnfcs uf pcqultc kn vlvlkj nb glnbc. qun Gcdc Ynfì Pjgen8 "Wlbjbcsuflkjk elhcs kn Klcsnfpnfsjsnf ejfklgn kn pjsjr huftcs bj ntnrflkjk, snräj j vnrkjknrjdnftn nb dcdnftc kn qun gcdnfzjrjf j pcfnrsn kn pcfnrsn kn jgunrkc jquä jijhc."90

9. BJ CIYJ KNB NWPÄYL[^ WJF[C J FL_NB PNYWCFJB 9.: Nf Nb Grnynftn (Ege. ;890-7:). Nb Nspärltu Wjftc sn gcfstltuyn nf nb pcknr y bj gjpjgltjgl÷f pjrj nb grnynftn, pjrj tckj cpnrjgl÷f y oufgl÷f nsplrltujb. Pjrj qun uf grnynftn punkj snr  nsplrltujb, sn rnqulnrn bj prnsnfglj y nb dlflstnrlc knb Nspärltu Wjftc. Wu dlflstnrlc lftnrfc, tcgjfkc fc knin nstjr   prcoufkjdnftn nb snr nf qulnfnscirj. Nb grnynftn sjtlsongec gcf tnfnr ufj "tncbcmäj" knb Nspärltu Wjftc1 knin tnfnr uf snftlr vlvlnftn kn Wu prnsnfglj y pcknr. Gcf bc gujb, jb nstukljr bjs Nsgrlturjs vndcs qun bj cirj knb Nspärltu Wjftc nf bj vlkj knb grnynftn scf bjs slmulnftns8 :. Ynmnfnrj. (Hf 7.> ‗ [ltc 7.>  ‗ Hf 7.?). 9. Kj snmurlkjk (Ycd. 5.:? ‗ No. ;.70). Dcrj nf nb (Ycd.  ‗7.Hf. :;.:= ‗:grnynftn Gcr. 7.:?, :=, :5.< Gcr. ?.:< ‗ 9

 

Gcr. :7.>) Gcr.  5.9?). ;. Wjftlolgj (Mêb. >.99, 97  ‗ : Pnk. :.9) >. kj ocrtjbnzj (: [ns. :.> ‗ No. 7.:?). ?. Muäj y klrlmn (Ycd. 5.:;  ‗ Hf. :?.:7 ‗ Hf. Hf. :;.9?). =. Jyukj jb grnynftn nf bj jkcrjgl÷f y nf bj crjgl÷f. (: (: Gcr. :;.:> ‗ No. ?.:5  ‗ Ycd. 5. _lvlolgj (Ycd. 5.::). :0. [lnfn gcdufl÷f (Olb. 9.:  ‗ 9 Gcr. :7.:;). :7.:;). ::. ^fmn. (: Hf. 9.90, 9=). :9. Wnbbj. (9 Gcr. :.99 ‗ No. :.:7). Wnmurjdnftn pckräjdcs nxpcfnr  jbmufjs cirjs dês qun nb Nspärltu Wjftc ejgn nf bj vlkj knb grnynftn, pnrc gcf nsc tnfndcs bc suolglnftn pjrj vnr qun bj cirj knb Nspärltu Wjftc nf bj vlkj knb grnynftn ns kn lfdnfsj ldpcrtjfglj, y jkndês fc tlnfn bädltns. Bj cirj knb Nspärltu Wjftc nf bj vlkj kn tckc jqunb qun grnn nf Grlstc fc ns scbc ldpcrtjftn slfc fngnsjrlj, puns ns Ìb qulìf bbnvj jb jrrnpnftldlnftc, y fcs ejgn vnr tckcnf funstrjs jqunbbcfcs qun knindcs jijfkcfjr, gjdiljr c rnstjurjr vlkjs, j olf kn snr vnrkjknrcs tnstlmcs kn Grlstc, j olf kn nstjr  rnjbdnftn prnpjrjkcs pjrj qun Ìb ejmj dcrjkj nf fcsctrcs.

9.9 Bj Gcfvnrsl÷f knb  Grnynftn _ndcs qun j pjrtlr kn Pnftngcstìs tckcs bcs qun ounrcf jmrnmjkcs j bj lmbnslj kn Grlstc, ounrcf ldpubsjkcs j bj gcfvnrsl÷f pcr nb Nspärltu Wjftc qun ejiäj bbnfjkc j bcs klsgäpubcs qun ldpjrtäjf bj pjbjirj. "Ns nb Wnúcr, y fc bcs ecdirns, qun jújkn j bj Lmbnslj bcs qun scfnssjbvcs 98=)."9: Nb Nspärltu Wjftc qulìf(Ege. ldpubsj jb ecdirn

 

j bj gcfvnrsl÷f, tjftc j flvnb lfklvlkujb gcdc gcbngtlvc. \ nsc bc pckndcs gcfolrdjr nf bcs slmulnftns pjsjhns8 j. Bjs dubtltukns (Ege. ::8:>, :?1

:8>1 98;1 ;87:1