El Espacio de La Movilidad Urbana, Herce

 

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BJ B_]EOND CB JE IDVNJNCEC R[KEHE  Iehubj Abrob Vejjbld y Frehobso F rehobso Iegrnhyí Bstb jnkrd heob cbj odhvbhoninbhtd cb qub hd bs pdsnkjb aekjer cb idvnjncec sdstbhnkjb snh aekjer cb drgehnzeonÿh cbj bspeond pükjnod. Bj bspeond pükjnod urkehd bs dklbtd cb iuy cnvbrses sdjnonteondhbs, bhtrb jes ouejbs cbsteoe je cb sbr bj bspeond cb je idvnjncec cb jes pbrsdhes bh cnfbrbhtbs snstbies cb trehspdrtb< ]ubsbspeond knbh, uhe pdjéoe cb ecinte etbhonÿhe etdcds tdcdsjds bstds ibcndscbcbfdrie trehspdrtb bs orbékjbqub odhodh uh treteinbhtd cbj pükjnod qub usuernds ojere,sÿjd cb iehbre uhe snipjb dksbrveonÿh pubceh cbcuonr quî bspeond jbs ab prdpnd y bh quî odhcnondhbs pubcbh idvbrsb bh îj. Bh hubstres onucecbs, sdh dklbtd cb etbhonÿh orbonbhtb pdr pertb cb je Ecinhnstreonÿh pükjnoe pdjéoes cb idvnjncec urkehe qub iubstreh iås etbhonÿh e jds snstbies cb trehspdrtb cnfbrbhtbs cbj cb vbaéoujds prnvecds idtdrnzecds. Bh bstb sbhcd, je jbgnsjeonÿh oetejehe pubcb sbr odhsncbrece pndhbre bh je ietbrne, cbscb je eprdkeonÿh cb je Jjbn cb Idknjntet (Jjbn >/;==?) y cbscb qub je jbgnsjeonÿh urkehésoe (Sbxt [bfÿs cb je Jjbn c„Rrkehnsib 5/;==2) nipjehtÿ je bxngbhone cb bstucnds cb idvnjncec bh bj odhtbhncd cb oesn tdces jes gures cb pjehbeinbhtd urkehésod. ]brd bstes cnspdsnondhbs jbgejbs aekråh sbrvncd cb knbh pdod, sn jds bstucnds bxngncds sb jninteh e aeobr bsieondhbs cb je future cbiehce cb jds cnfbrbhtbs ibcnds cb tr treh ehsp spdr drtb tb y e aeob aeobrr rbod rbodib ibhc hceon eondh dhbs bs cb oerå oeråot otbr br gbhb gbhbre rejj pere pere ecbo ecboue uerr bj bspe bspeon ond d vn vnej ej e bstd bstdss rbqubrninbhtds. Rhe terbe cb bstb bsjd bs hbobserne, pdsnkjbibhtb odh abrreinbhtes y iîtdcds iuy cnfbrbhtbs cb jds qub sb aeh ujnzecd aeste eadre, pbrd rbsujte ojereibhtb nhsuonbhtb pere ekdrcer bj treteinbhtd cb je idvnjncec urkehe cbscb uhe pbrspbove cb sdstbhnknjncec. Bjjd nhsuonbhtb pdrqub hd ce uhe rbspubste odhtuhcbhtb e uhe rbejncec cb uhes onucecbs ouyes oejjbs aeh sncd nhvecnces pdr bj eutdiÿvnj, aeste bj puhtd qub je prdpne pjehnoeonÿh urkehe ae cbsoehsecd sdkrb bj supubstd cbj trehspdrtb cb je pdkjeonÿh fuhceibhtejibhtb bh bstb pd cb vbaéoujds. Esé, jd qub ej prnhonpnd pdcée perbobr uh ibcnd cb trehspdrtb iås bonbhtb, odh iås vbrsejncec pere bj cbspjezeinbhtd cb jes pbrsdhes, sb ae eoekecd odhvnrbhcd bh bj bjbibhtd obhtrej cb je onucec, aeste bxpujser e dtres eovncecbs cbj bspeond pükjnod y eoeker odhvbrcd bh je prnhonpej oeuse cb su cbstruoonÿh odid juger cb odhvnvbhone. ^ hd bs qub bj eutdiÿvnj sbe uh nhstruibhtd bhbingd cb jd urkehd, snhd qub hd abids sncd oepeobs cb jninter su usd e cbtbrinhecds bspeonds y cb ecbouer jds oehejbs o ehejbs hbobsernds pere su onroujeonÿh ej rbstd cb rbqubrninbhtds cb drgehnzeonÿh cbj bspeond pükjnod. Cbscb pråooeibhtb jds nhnonds cb je onucec nhcustrnej, je oejjb bipbzÿ e ecdpter hubves fdries odipdsnves cbrnveces cb su hubvd pepbj odid nhfrebstruoture cb odiuhnoeonÿh0 sbperehcd je oejzece cb jes eobres. Bstes oejjbs, bhtbhcnces esé odid odrrbcdrbs pere cnshtds pds cb idvnjncec, sb fubrdh bspbonejnzehcd y eceptåhcdsb e hubvds ibcnds iboehnzecds cb trehspdrtb< prnibrd jds trehvées, y, iås tercb, jds odoabs, jds oeindhbs y jds eutdkusbs. Je nhtrdcuoonÿh iesnve cbj vbaéoujd prnvecd idtdrnzecd prdculd je ieydr trehsfdrieonÿh bh je fdrie drgehnzeve cb je onucec urkehe, e je vbz qub jb odhvnrÿ bh bj nhstruibhtd iås pdtbhtb cb bxpehsnÿh cb je onucec, cb su cnspbrsnÿh sdkrb bj tbrrntdrnd cb sus ejrbcbcdrbs. Je ieydr vbjdoncec cb bstb pd cb vbaéoujd frbhtb cb jds ibcnds cb trehspdrtb ehtbrndrbs, esdonece e qub pdsnknjnteke iås bxnknjncec cb pbhbtreonÿh bh bj bspeond nipjnoÿ je bxtbhsnÿh cbj ibroecd cb je pjusvejée urkehe e cnstehones oece vbz iås ejbleces cb je onucec obhtrej0 nhorbibhtd qub sb vnd rbfdrzecd, iås tercb, odh je epernonÿh cb eutdpnstes oepeobs cb tresjecer uh greh hüibrd cb vbaéoujds e greh vbjdoncec, odh uhe ieydr odkbrture tbrrntdrnej. Bj prdcuotd rbsujtehtb ae sncd uhe onucec odhstrunce bh tdrhd ej vbaéoujd prnvecd, bxtbhcnce sdkrb oehejbs cb tråod, qub ve pbrcnbhcd cbhsncec cb bxnstbhone y cb usd e ibcnce qub sb ejbleh cb je onucec obhtrej, y ve aeonbhcd je idvnjncec cb jes pbrsdhes iås cbpbhcnbhtb cbj eutdiÿvnj, eutdiÿvnj, snh qub sbe snbiprb pdsnkjb bhodhtrer bhodhtrer uhe rbspubste rbspubste ejtbrheve ejtbrheve bh trehspdrtb trehspdrtb pükjnod pdr oeuse cb bses oereotbrésoes cb kele cbhsncec y cnspbrsnÿh cbj idcbjd cb doupeonÿh cbj tbrrntdrnd. Rh idcbjd qub, pdr su pertb, nipjnoe uh nhorbibhtd cb prbsnÿh sdkrb je onucec obhtrej0 y ej eobhtuersb je cbpbhcbhone tbrrntdrnej, jes oejjbs cb eoobsd e îste sb vbh sdkrboergeces cb tråod, odid rbsujtecd cbj vdjuibh y rbntbreonÿh cb jds vnelbs bhtrb je pbrnfbrne y bj obhtrd. ^ bs bh je onucec obhtrej, bh sus bspeonds

 

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iås cbhsds, cdhcb sb aeobh iås petbhtbs jds bfbotds cb je nhodipeknjncec cbj odoab odh dtres fdries cb idvnjncec y odh dtres sdjnonteondhbs cbj bspeond urkehd0 sus oejjbs aeh pbrcncd je rnqubze cbrnvece cb je iujpjnoncec cb fuhondhbs, su oeråotbr prnidrcnej cb juger cb rbjeonÿh b nhtbgreonÿh sdonej. Ouehtd iås sb nhorbibhte bh uhe onucec je cbpbhcbhone cbj trehspdrtb cbj vbaéoujd prnvecd, iås sb oesge je eutdhdiée cb jds onucecehds qub hd ujnzeh bstb pd cb trehspdrtb. Sese cb idtdrnzeonÿh y cbpbhcbhone cb je idvnjncec prnvece cb uhe sdonbcec bhbh uhe odrrbjeonÿh pdr jd odiüh eobptece, pbrd pdoes vbobs sb pdhb cb rbjnbvb je pîrcnce cb eoobsnknjncec qub bsd odipdrte pere jds onucecehds hd idtdrnzecds, odid sb iubstre bh jds cds gråods qub sb eodipeõeh, bxtreécds cb bsorntds cb Gekrnbj Cupuy. Odid sb pubcb odiprdker bh bj gråod 5. ;, bste sntueonÿh cb idtdrnzeonÿh cbpbhcbhone eoeke orbehcd uhe bspnrej bh qub je uhe y je dtre sb rbtrdejnibhteh y doesndheh uhe iergnheonÿh oece vbz ieydr bh jds hd idtdrnzecds. Bh bstb sbhcd, aey qub tbhbr bh oubhte quî hd idtdrnzecds jd sdh, bh ejgüh idibhtd, tdcds jds onucecehds, y qub je cnspdh cnspdhnkn nknjnc jncec ec cb vbaéou vbaéoujd jd prn prnvec vecd d hd sng snghn hnoe, oe, bh je eotuej eotuejnce ncec, c, qub su prdpnb prdpnbter ternd nd hd sbe sbe hdriejibhtb usuernd cbj trehspdrtb pükjnod. ]dr dtre pertb, aeob bipd qub bj usd cbj vbaéoujd prnvecd ae cblecd cb sbr uh nhcnoecdr cb rnqubze. Bs bh greh pertb ej odhtrernd, ye qub jes ojesbs sdonejbs iås fevdrbonces vnvbh, bh ieydr prdpdronÿh, bh zdhes obhtrejbs cb je onucec cdhcb cnspdhbh cb tdces jes ejtbrheves cb trehspdrtb, inbhtres qub jds aekntehtbs cb jes pbrnfbrnes iås ejbleces, hdriejibhtb odh rbhte iås kele, sdh oeuvds cbj trehspdrtb prnvecd bh eusbhone cb dtres ejtbrheves. Jes bhoubs bhoubstes tes iås rbonbh rbonbhtbs tbs sdkrb sdkrb je idvnjn idvnjncec cec bh jes årbes årbes ibtrdp ibtrdpdjn djnteh tehes es cb jds peésbs peésbs burdpb burdpbds ds ecbjehtecds iubstreh qub bj trehspdrtb odjbovd bstå iuy prbsbhtb bh je idvnjncec dkjngece cnerne cbhtrd cb je onucec, odh nhcbpbhcbhone cbj hnvbj cb pdsbsnÿh cb vbaéoujds cb je pdkjeonÿh ^ teiknîh qub, bh jes årbes urkehes cdhcb bxnstb uh kubh trehspdrtb odjbovd, bj usd iesnvd cbj odoab sb prdcuob, hdriejibhtb jds hbs cb sbiehe, jd qub ejtbre je rbjeonÿh qub bxnse bhtrb jds pbrndcds cb odhgbsÿh bh jes oejjbs y bj vnelb ej trekeld, y bh ouyd odhdoninbhtd y prbcnoonÿh sb kesekeh jds iîtdcds cb pjehnoeonÿh cbj trehspdrtb urkehd. Ecbiås, jds oeiknds bh bj odipdrteinbhtd sdonej qub sb cbcuobh cb je hubve drgehnzeonÿh cbj trekeld cbknce e je rupture cbj idcbjd nhcustrnej cb trekeld, aeobh teikejbersb teiknîh tdces jes dtres obrtbzes qub aeste eadre sb tbhéeh sdkrb je cnstrnkuonÿh cb jds vnelbs pdr idvds y pdr idcds cb trehspdrtb, sdkrb je cnstrnkuonÿh tbipdrej cb jds vnelbs e jd jergd cbj cée, y tehtes dtres. ]dr idvnjncec urkehe sb bhbhcb bj odhluhtd cb cbspjezeinbhtds qub sb prdcuobh bh je onucec bh jds cnfbrbhtbs snstbies cb trehspdrtb. Bh je ibcnce qub bstds cbspjezeinbhtds, y je insie ujncec cb uh snstbie cb trehspdrtb cbtbrinhecd, cbpbhcbh teiknîh cb je cnstehone rbourrnce, bste idvnjncec sb pubcb ouehoer odid je suietdrne< cbj hüibrd cb vnelbs prdcuoncd bh oece ibcnd cb trehspdrtb pdr je vbjdoncec ibcne e qub sb cbspjezeh cbspj ezeh y pdr je cureonÿh cureonÿh cbj cbspjezein cbspjezeinbhtd. bhtd. Bj hüibrd hüibrd cb vnelbs vnelbs cnernds qub sb aeobh bh jes onucecbs cbpbhcb cb iuoads feotdrbs, qub bhbh qub vbr odh bj prdgrbsd bodhÿinod y sdonej y odh jes feonjncecbs qub sb dfrbobh e jds onucecehds pere cbspjezersb. Bstb hüibrd verée bh hubstres onucecbs bhtrb ;,2 y ;,1 vnelbs/pbrsdhe/cée, sbgüh bj bstretd sdonej, je odipdsnonÿh cb je pdkjeonÿh pdr grupds cb bcec y bj hnvbj cb doupeonÿh. Cb je idvnjncec tdtej, obroe cb uh 6=% bs je qub sb ae cecd bh jjeier idvnjncec dkjngece (pdr idvds cb trekeld d bstucnds) y bj rbstd, je qub hd bhb uhe rbourrbhone cnerne snhd qub verée e jd jergd cb je sbiehe, sb ae cbhdinhecd idvnjncec hd dkjngece, y subjb verner cb vdjuibh sbgüh je dfbrte cb sbrvnonds y je oejncec cb jds snstbies cb trehspdrtb. Bj [bgjeibht cb je Jjbn cb Idknjntet oetejehe ce uhds bståhcerbs cb rbfbrbhone rbspbotd e je prdcuoonÿh cb vnelbs sbgüh usds cb subjd, qub sb eodipeõeh e tujd nhcnoevd, euhq euhqub ub bh Oe Oete teju juõe õe sbe sbe dkjn dkjnge gecd cd odhtb odhtbip ipje jerj rjds ds bh jd jdss bstu bstucn cnds ds cb idvn idvnjnjnce cec c qub qub eo eodi dipe peõe õeh, h, prbobpveibhtb, e jds ]jehbs Rrkehésods. Bj feotdr iås nipdrtehtb pere cbtbrinher uhe drgehnzeonÿh ecbouece cbj bspeond pükjnod cb uhe onucec, cbhtrd cb uh pjehtbeinbhtd cb idvnjncec odh orntbrnds cb sdstbhnknjncec, bs je cnstrnkuonÿh idcej cb je idvnjncec0 bs cbonr, ouåhtds onucecehds veh, d nråh, bh oece ibcnd cb trehspdrtb. _dkrb bstb tbie bs pråooeibhtb nipdsnkjb cer cetds gbhbrejbs cb rbfbrbhone, ye qub cbpbhcbh cbj teieõd y cbj pd cb onucec, y cb je oejncec cb je dfbrte cb snstbies ejtbrhevds ej eutdiÿvnj.

 

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Eotuejibhtb, bj vnelb e pnb rbprbsbhte eprdxnieceibhtb uhe tbrobre pertb cb je idvnjncec cnerne bh jes grehcbs onucecbs0 jes dtres ;/? pertds sb rbpertbh bhtrb jds dtrds ibcnds, odh prbcdinhnd cbj vbaéoujd prnvecd. Jes onucecbs burdpbes qub bhbh cbserrdjjece uhe rbc pdtbhtb cb trehspdrtb odjbovd jjbgeh e ejoehzer pdrobhtelbs supbrndrbs ej 32% bh bstb ibcnd. ]brd bstds pdrobhtelbs pertbh cb uhe ibcnonÿh sbsgece pdr jd qub rbspbote e je nipdrtehone cbj vnelb e pnb, qub bs cno cnonjnj cb ncbhoer e jes bhoubstes qub sb rbejnzeh sdkrb je idvnjncec odcnehe, pdrqub hdriejibhtb ej prbguhter sdkrb bj ibcnd prnhonpej qub sb ujnze pere uh vnelb je gbhtb bhb prdpbhsnÿh e nhcnoer ibcnds idtdrnzecds sn aeh sncd ujnzecds, odh nhcbpbhcbhone qub pdsnkjbibhtb jds treybotds aboads e pnb bh bstb rbodrrncd aeyeh odhsuincd iås bipd. _n sb tuvnbreh bh oubhte jds rbodrrncds e pnb odipjbibhternds e jds cbspjezeinbhtds bh dtrds ibcnds, bj vnelb e pnb ejoehzerée oudtes iuoad iås ejtes qub jes qub sb dksbrveh e jes bhoubstes. Bh jes onucecbs ibcnes oetejehes sb ceh pdrobhtelbs cb vnelb e pnb prÿxnids ej 2=% cbj tdtej cb cbspjezeinbhtds, pbrd bstb pdrobhtelb sb rbbrb teh sÿjd e jds cbspjezeinbhtds qub bhbh drngbh y cbsheonÿh cbhtrd cbj insid iuhnonpnd, y bh equbjjds jds iuhnonpnds cdhcb je pdkjeonÿh vnvb prnhonpejibhtb ej hüojbd prnhonpej. ]ere jds cbspjezeinbhtds qub bhbh drngbh d cbshd fubre cbj iuhnonpnd hd vejb je erieonÿh ehtbrndr, ye qub bh bjjds bs ejteibhtb prndrnternd bj usd cbj trehspdrtb prnvecd idtdrnzecd. Cb dtrd jecd, bj trehspdrtb odjbovd peree jds vnelbs per vnelbs nhtbrn nhtbrndrb drbss ej iuhnon iuhnonpnd pnd ejoehz ejoehzee oudtes oudtes rbejibh rbejibhtb tb keles, keles, bhtrb bhtrb bj ; y bj 7%, sbgüh jes oereotbrésoes cb su dfbrte. Je rbsdjuonÿh cb jds prdkjbies cb idvnjncec urkehe, bh bstb odhtbxtd, ae cb prbster iås etbhonÿh e je ecboueonÿh cbj bspeond pükjnod e jds rbodrrncds e pnb, pbrd teiknîh supdhb bs uh greh cbsed je ibldre cb jes rbcbs cb eutdkusbs pere pbrinr su ieydr oudte bh bj trehspdrtb urkehd. Bste sbguhce prndrncec hd bs fåonj cb odhsbgunr, ye qub hd eutdkusbs teh sÿjd cbpbhcb cb uhequb nhvbrsnÿh fubrtb snhd bstå ejteibhtb rbjeondhece odhhdjds rbodrrncds cb jds odieroejbs, hd cbpbhcbh cb qub jds eyuhteinbhtds, y odh je ecboueonÿh cb jds jugerbs cb trehsfbrbhone bhtrb cnfbrbhtbs snstbies cb trehspdrtb. Bh bstb sbhcd, bh bj sbhd cbj Cbperteibhtd cb Nhfrebstruotures cb Srehspdrtb y cbj Sbrrntdrnd cb je R]O abids bjekdrecd uh ejgdrntid cb oåjoujd cb jes odkbrtures bspeonejbs cb je rbc cb trehspdrtb odjbovd qub iubstre qub bj bipd qub bj onucecehd bstå cnspubstd e nhvbrr ej jjbger ej trehspdrtb odjbovd cbpbhcb cb je odkbrture cb je rbc pbrd teiknîh, y iuoad, cb je frboubhone y je rbgujerncec cb pesd cb jes jéhbes. Odh bsb ejgdrntid bs pdsnkjb ibcnr je odkbrture bspeonej, je boeone, cbj trehspdrtb odjbovd. Bh ouejqunbr oesd je rbspubste ej usd ekusnvd cbj eutdiÿvnj bs je ecboueonÿh cbj bspeond pükjnod e dtres fdries cb idvnjncec. Je ieydrée cb jds bstucnds odhvbhondhejbs cb tråod ujnzeh uhe rbc kåsnoe pere bvejuer je future cnstrnkuonÿh cb je onroujeonÿh cb odoabs (pere jd qub cbhdinheh esngheonÿh cb je cbiehce e je rbc), rbc kåsnoe qub odiprbhcb uh pdrobhtelb bh tdrhd ej ;2% cb jes oejjbs, odid iåxnid. ]ubs knbh, sn bste pertb cb je rbc vnerne tdtej pubcb eodgbr tdce je onroujeonÿh urkehe cb cnstrnkuonÿh, bj erguibhtd pubcb sbr usecd ej rbvîs y odhobhtrer bh bstb pdrobhtelb cb je rbc je onroujeonÿh cbj tråod prnvecd cb cnstrnkuonÿh, odipdhbhtb nipdrtehtb cb je bxprbsnÿh bspeonej cb je idvnjncec pdr su ejtd nipeotd. Bsd qunbrb cbonr qub bs pdsnkjb y odhvbhnbhtb cbsher bj rbstd cb oejjbs e dtrds usds prndrnternds, d ej ibhds pjehtbersb je odhstruoonÿh cb bspeon bsp eonds ds cb odbxns odbxnstbh tbhone one cdhcb cdhcb bj vbaéou vbaéoujd jd prn prnvec vecd d pbhbtr pbhbtrbb teh sÿjd bh oesd oesd cb hbobsn hbobsncec cec,, y odh odhdoninbhtd cb qub îstb hd bs su bspeond. Bste jdsde sdkrb je drgehnzeonÿh cbj bspeond urkehd cnd drngbh, ye e jds eõds sbsbhte, bh bj feidsd nhfdrib Sreo nh tdwhs cb Odjnh Kuoaeheh, quî nhtrdculd bj odhobptd cb årbes eiknbhtejbs, bhtbhcnces odid pertbs cb je onucec oereotbrnzeces pdr uh insid pd cb tblncd urkehd odh uhe cbtbrinhece oepeoncec cb esninjer bj tråod rdcecd, odhobptd e perr cb je ouej sb pubcb bsier je oehcec cb vbaéoujds qub pubcb ecinr snh ibhdsoekd cb su oejncec eiknbhtej. Bstds odhobptds nheugurerdh je ecdponÿh cb pdjéoes cb rbstrnoonÿh cbj tråod bh årbes obhtrejbs cb jes onucecbs, odh ecdp ecdpon onÿh ÿh cb ibcn ibcnce cess od odid id je l leo eonÿ nÿh h cb ehnj ehnjjd jdss bx bxtb tbrh rhds ds cb cn cnst strn rnku kuon onÿh ÿh cb je onrou onrouje jeonÿ onÿh, h, eperoeinbhtds y treteinbhtd cnfbrbhonecd cbj bspeond pere pbetdhbs. Bste iehbre cb drcbher bj tråod odh jninteondhbs cb eoobsd bh cbtbrinheces zdhes sb odhvnrÿ bh uh idcbjd, oesn uh erqubpd uhnvbrsej, cb drcbheonÿh cb jds hüojbds anstÿrnods cb jes onucecbs burdpbes, cehcd drngbh e jes cbhdinheces årbes pbetdhejbs, cbsheces bxojusnveibhtb e îstds bh odipeknjncec odh bj pesd cb vbaéoujds cb trehspdrtb

 

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pükjnod. Jes pdjéoes cb rbstrnoondhbs ej tråod cb eutdiÿvnjbs bh hüojbds anstÿrnods, odh oejjbs obrreces ej tråod pdr bj cée, idstrerdh iås tercb sus oerbhones0 pdr uhe pertb, pdr je nipdsnknjncec cb odhhuer eipjnehcd su teieõd pdrqub nipjnoerée uhe pbrcnce cb fuhondhejncec cb sus ibcnces cb cnsuesnÿh cbj tråod, y pdr dtre pertb, pdrqub ej jnintersb su epjnoeonÿh e zdhes urkehes cb ejtd vejdr eiknbhtej, sb nhorbibhteke e ibhucd je odhgbsÿh gbhbrece bh sus ejrbcbcdrbs. ]dr bjjd, ej hej cb jds eõds sbtbhte, sb bipbzerdh e ecdpter bh jes onucecbs iås evehzeces hubves pdjéoes odh je cbhdinheonÿh "peonoeonÿh cbj tråod’ y qub sb kesekeh bh ibcnces cb rbstrnoonÿh jnintece qub efbotekeh e je vbjdoncec cb onroujeonÿh y je ecboueonÿh cb bses oejjbs e uhe jdsde cb odhvnvbhone odh dtres fuhondhbs cbj bspeond urkehd. Iuoaes cb jes prdpubstes y prdybotds cb idcbreonÿh cbj tråod sb obhtreh bh je eotuejncec bh je etbhonÿh e jds prdkjbies cb sbgurncec cbj usd vnej, odh rbgujeonÿh hdrieve bspboéoe sdkrb bj usd cb cbtbrinheces oejjbs. Bstb pd cb rbgujeonÿh bstå rbodhdonce bh bj Oÿcngd bspeõdj cb Onroujeonÿh cb 5>76, euhqub bh Bspeõe je sbõej cb tråod _-;1, "årbe rbsncbhonej", sb rbgujÿ iås tercb, bh bj Oÿcngd cb Onroujeonÿh cb 5>>;. Bh je cîoece cb jds hdvbhte, e je prbdoupeonÿh sdkrb jds nipeotds hbgevds cbj tråod bh je onucec sb eõecnÿ je etbhonÿh e su rbpbrousnÿh sdkrb je odhteinheonÿh etidsfîrnoe, y tehtd bj Jnkrd kjehod sdkrb bj ibcnd eiknbhtb urkehd cb 5>>= odid dtres cnrboves y pukjnoeondhbs burdpbes, sbõejerdh ej jds vbaéoujd idtdrnzecd odid bj prnhonpej oujpekjb cb greh pertb cb jds nipeotds hbgevds bh bj ibcnd eiknbhtb cbj pjehbte. E je nhstuondhejnzeonÿh burdpbe cbj "cée snh odoabs", sb aeh ecabrncd oece vbz ibs onucecbs, jd qub odjekdre e je tdie cb odhonbhone cb jds onucecehds sdkrb bstb prdkjbie. Ady bh cée, ae cb bhtbhcbrsb je ecdponÿh cb ibcnces cb idcbreonÿh cbj tråod odid pertb cb jes pdjéoes nhtbgrejbs cb gbsÿh cb je idvnjncec urkehe, prbdoupeonÿh e je ouej rbspdhcb bstb jnkrd. Bstes pdjéoes nhtbgreh iuoaes y cnfbrbhtbs ibcnces qub bhcbh e feonjnter jes cnfbrbhtbs fdries cb idvnjncec urkehe, y pdtbhoner jes qub sdh iås rbspbtudses odh bj ibcnd eiknbhtb urkehd. Bj odhluhtd cb bstes ibcnces sb cbhb bh uh hubvd nhstruibhtd cb drcbheonÿh jjeiehcd ]jeh cb Idvnjncec urkehe, qub cbhb jes pdjéoes cb trehspdrtb y cb ecboueonÿh cbj bspeond urkehd qub aey qub nipjbibhter odh bstds dklbvds. Bsds ]jehbs pertbh cbj supubstd cb je hbobsncec cb nhtbgrer uh odhluhtd cb ibcnces sdkrb je drgehnzeonÿh cbj bspeond pükjnod urkehd, bhtrb jes qub cbsteoeh jes sngunbhtbs< - Cbjninteonÿh cb y jds tblncds urkehds iås sbhsnkjbs y su prdtboonÿh cbj tråod cb vbaéoujds prnvecds. - Bstekjboninbhtd cb rbcbs bspboéoes pere jes cnfbrbhtbs fdries cb idvnjncec. - ]djéoe cb eperoeinbhtd e fevdr cbj bsteondheinbhtd bh drngbh. - Ecboueonÿh cb jes oejjbs oejj bs e bste bste odhobp odhobponÿh onÿh lbrårq lbrårquno unoee y bspbo bspbonej nejnze nzece ce cb je rbc cb bspeond bspeondss pükjno pükjnods. ds. Bstekj Bstekjbob bobrr rbcbs rbcbs bspboéoes bh je onucec pere cnfbrbhtbs fdries cb idvnjncec qunbrb cbonr prbperer bspeonds, oejjbs, pere uhe etbhonÿh prndrnterne e oece uhd cb bjjes, ibcnehtb je rbstrnoonÿh cbj rbstd cb snstbies cb trehspdrtb qub sbeh nhodipekjbs odh je fuhonÿh prndrnterne e qub sb cbshb bstb bspeond. Esé, aey qub cnfbrbhoner cbhtrd cbj bspeond urkehd cnfbrbhtbs pds cb rbcbs< pere pbetdhbs, pere bj trehspdrtb odjbovd, pere je cnstrnkuonÿh urkehe cb vbaéoujds prnvecds, pere je cnstrnkuonÿh cb ibroehoées y, nhojusd, pere pds cb idvnjncec iås sdstbhnkjbs bh tîrinhds eiknbhtejbs, odid bs je bfbotuece bh knonojbte. Je rbc cb nhbrernds pere pbetdhbs bs ejgd iås qub je orbeonÿh cb uh årbe obhtrej prdtbgnce odh uhe urkehnzeonÿh bspboéoe. Ecbiås cb bstes årbes årb es rbstrn rbstrnhgn hgnces ces e pbetdh pbetdhbs, bs, sn sb odhsnc odhsncbre bre odhvbh odhvbhnbh nbhtb tb su bxnstb bxnstbhon hone, e, aey qub cbtbot cbtboter er equbjj equbjjds ds rbodrrncds qub rbjeondheh jes zdhes odh iås etreoonÿh cb cbspjezeinbhtds bh je onucec odh bspeonds cb nhtbrîs urkehd0 bste rbc bhb qub prdourer rbodrrncds odh pbhcnbhtbs suevbs, odh bj dklbvd cb pdtbhoner ehcer pdr je onucec pere cbspjezeinbhtds nhfbrndrbs e cds `njÿibtrds. Bstds rbodrrncds pubcbh tbhbr idvds cnvbrsds, odid bj pesbd, bj dond, bj odibrond d bj vnelb e je bsoubje, y, pdr bsd insid, su urkehnzeonÿh bhb qub bster etbhte e bstds rbqubrninbhtds y prdourer uhe rnqubze cb sboubhones vnsuejbs bh je ouej cbstequbh jds bcnonds rbjbvehtbs, je vbgbteonÿh, jes pjezes y jes eovncecbs qub cnvbrsnoeh je bsobhe urkehe. Bstds nhbrernds sdh, gbhbrejibhtb, nhodipekjbs odh je prbsbhone cbj tråod prnvecd idtdrnzecd, qub0 bh tdcd oesd, bhb qub pbhbtrer bh supubstds bxobpondhejbs y odh uhe urkehnzeonÿh qub gerehob je prucbhone cb odhcuoonÿh y je pdoe vbjdoncec. Je dfbrte cb uhe rbc cb trehspdrtb odjbovd odh odkbrture suonbhtb bhb

 

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qub sbr boez odid cnsuesnÿh ej usd cbj vbaéoujd prnvecd, pere jd ouej bhb qub odiknher, e vbobs, cnfbrbhtbs pds cb vbaéoujds, pdrqub bhbh cnfbrbhtb oepeoncec cb ecboueonÿh e jds cnvbrsds pds cb tblncds urkehds y cb cbhsncecbs cb pdkjeonÿh. _nh bikergd, sb bhb qub pjehnoer y gbsdher odh uhe vnsnÿh cb odhluhtd, aeonbhcd aeonbhcd bspbonej bspbonej etbhonÿh e jes trehsfbrbhone trehsfbrbhoness cb idcds y e je uhnoeonÿh uhnoeonÿh cb ternfes0 ternfes0 oekbh iuoaes ibcnces cb nhonteonÿh e su usd, y, esé, ejguhes onucecbs bståh bstucnehcd je ggretuncec retuncec hehonece odh uh nhorbibhtd cbj nipubstd cb onroujeonÿh sdkrb vbaéoujds prnvecds. Je rbc cb trehspdrtb odjbovd cb supbronb rbqunbrb cb su prdpnd bspeond, y sb bhb qub bvnter je odnhoncbhone bh oejjbs cb ejte sdjnonteonÿh cb tråod prnvecd, e ibhds qub je ehoaure cb je oejjb pbrinte je odbxnstbhone ibcnehtb frehle rbsbrvece pere bj eutdküs0 bh bstb supubstd sb bhb qub tbhbr bspbonej ouncecd qub je rbgujeonÿh sbiefÿrnoe hd oesgub je vbjdoncec odibronej cbj eutdküs. Seiknîh bs odhvbhnbhtb bstekjbobr uhe rbc cb onojd vées, prbfbrnkjbibhtb odiperce odh nhbrernds cb pbetdhbs d bh oejjbs cb tråhsntd rdcecd sdjd ouehcd sb pubceh odhstrunr nhbrernds prdtbgncds. _b bhb qub pdtbhoner bste fdrie cb idvnjncec, qub teh kubhds rbsujtecds ae cecd bh iuoaes onucecbs burdpbes, prbfbrbhtbibhtb pere cbspjezeinbhtds urkehds cb aeste onhod `njÿibtrds. ]brd tdces bstes ibcnces hd sdh pdsnkjbs snh uhe rbgujeonÿh bstrnote cbj bspeond cbshecd ej eutdiÿvnj0 îstb odhhüe snbhcd je fdrie iås bxtbhcnce cb trehspdrtb idtdrnzecd bh hubstres onucecbs b nhojusd je iås boez bh jds bspeonds sukurkehds cb kele cbhsncec. Bj odoab bs uhd cb jds trbs bjbibhtds (luhtd odh bj drcbhecdr pbrsdhej y bj tbjîfdhd iÿvnj) qub iås oereotbrnze bj orbonbhtb oeråotbr nhcnvncuejnste y jes pdsnknjncecbs cb rbjeondhbs odh cnfbrbhtbs bsfbres cb je sdonbcec eotuej0 pdr bsd insid, hd bs pdsnkjb bspbrer qub cbseperbzoe e odrtd pjezd (sejvd bh oesd cb oetåstrdfbs bhbrgîoes snh sustuonÿh tbohdjÿgnoe). ]brd bs bvncbhtb qub sb bhb qub rbstrnhgnr su usd nhcnsorninhecd bh bj bspeond urkehd. ]dr bsd, je odhobponÿh cb je rbc cb tråod prnvecd bhb qub etbhcbr cnfbrbhtbs fuhondhbs cbhtrd cb uh drcbh  lbrårqunod< tråod cb cnstrnkuonÿh y odhbxnÿh rbgndhej, hdriejibhtb bh vées sbgrbgeces cb ejte oepeoncec, tråod cb cnstrnkuonÿh urkehe qub rbspdhcb ej eoobsd bhtrb cnfbrbhtbs kerrnds y oejjbs nhtbrhes bh jds kerrnds pdr pdr bj eo eoob obsd sd e je jess vnvn vnvnbh bhce cess y e jd jdss juge jugerb rbss cb cbs cbshe heonÿ onÿh. h. Oece Oece uhd uhd cb bste bstess fuho fuhond ndhb hbss ni nipj pjnoe noe rbqubrninbhtds cb vbjdoncec y sbgurncec iuy cnfbrbhtbs, y cb equé sb nhbrb je tbsns sdstbhnce cb hbobsncec cb ecboueonÿh fdrie cb oece oejjb ej pd cb rbc e qub pbrtbhbzoe. Jd qub hd bs odhvbhnbhtb bs bj treteinbhtd nhcnfbrbhonecd cb jes oejjbs, pdrqub bj odoab ae idstrecd odh ojerncec su oepeoncec cb douper tdcd bj bspeond ejjé cdhcb hd sb jb nipncb. Odid sb ae epuhtecd ehtbrndribhtb, jes rbcbs cbsheces ej vbanoujd prnvecd, pdr jd qub sb rbbrb e jds cds prnibrds pds cb fuhondhbs rbqunbrbh bh tdrhd e uhe ouerte pertb, d ibhds, cbj tdtej cb jes oejjbs cb je onucec< pdr jd qub rbspbote e je fuhonÿh cb tråod nhtbrndr e jds kerrnds sb pubcb odhtrdjer odh feonjncec ibcnehtb uhe rbgujeonÿh ecbouece cb jds sbhcds cb onroujeonÿh d, odh iås gestd, ibcnehtb su urkehnzeonÿh odh sdjuondhbs qub pbrinteh je odbxnstbhone cb je onroujeonÿh, bh rîgnibh cb ‚peonoeonÿh’, odh dtres fuhondhbs urkehes. Fnhejibhtb, sb ae aekjecd cb uhe pdjéoe cb bsteondheinbhtd qub fevdrbzoe bj bsteondheinbhtd ej drngbh, bs cbonr, odh eperoeinbhtd bh jds bcnonds cb vnvnbhces, bh bj suksubjd pükjnod, bh jes bsteondhbs pbrnfîrnoes cb trehspdrtb d bh jds jugerbs cb nhtbroeiknd idcej. Bj bsteondheinbhtd bh je oejjb, ady tdcevée ieydrnternd, bhb qub nr obcnbhcd, pdod bh pdod, bspeond e dtrds usds, y sb bhb qub rbstrnhgnr e jes årbes cbhses cb jes onucecbs, ibcnehtb bj pegd y je jninteonÿh adrerne, teh sdjd e idvds odibronejbs, cb gbsdhbs cb trekeld, y, sn bs bj oesd, e je oerge y cbsoerge cb ibroehoées. Bh jes zdhes obhtrejbs cb je onucec, bs odhvbhnbhtb qub jds eperoeinbhtds bstîh bh su pbrnfbrne y sbeh prndrnterneibhtb cb rdteonÿh, fevdrbonbhcd jes bstehones cb odrte cureonÿh. Bs jÿgnod qub je ecdponÿh cb iuoaes cb bstes ibcnces sb tbhge qub aeobr cb fdrie prdgrbsnve, pdr fesbs y odh pequbtbs cb ibcnces bqunjnkrecds qub pbrinteh elustbs y odipbhseondhbs e jds usuernds efbotecds y pubceh rbonknr bj iås eipjnd epdyd sdonej. Odhsbgunr oeikner bj idcbjd sdonej cb usd ekusnvd cbj vbaéoujd prnvecd bh je onucec rbqunbrb, teiknîh, uhe eotuc cboncnce cbj sbotdr pükjnod, qub sb ae cb iehnfbster teiknîh bh pdjéoes urkehésoes y cb oerrbtbres hd prdpnonetdrnes cb je cnspbrsnÿh urkehe, y bh uhe epubste cboncnce pdr bj trehspdrtb odjbovd. Cbhtrd cb bses pdjéoes, odrrbspdhcb e jds Eyuhteinbhtds

 

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je ecbo ecboue ueonÿ onÿh h cbj cbj bs bspe peon ond d pükj pükjnod nod e jes jes pr prbv bvns nsnd ndhb hbss cb jd jdss ]j ]jeh ehbs bs cb idvn idvnjnjnce cec, c, od odh h pr prdy dybo botd tdss cb trehsfdrieonÿh cb bsb bspeond, ibcnces cb gbsÿh y orbeonÿh cb fdhcds odhobrtecds cb hehoneonÿh cb jes prdpubstes.

NN. FRHONDHB_ URB _DJNONSEH BJ B_]EOND ]ÜKJNOD R[KEHD Je oejjb bs bj bjbibhtd kåsnod cb drgehnzeonÿh cb je onucec y cb sus cnfbrbhtbs treies urkehes. Bj odhluhtd cb oejjbs y pjezes cb je onucec bs je ieydr pertb cbj bspeond pükjnod y doupe bhtrb bj ;2% y bj 3=% cb je supbronb cb je onucec. Je fdrie urkehe bstå esdonece, bh je pråooe, e je fdrie cb sus treies vnernes, pdr bsd, ouehcd sb prdybote uhe oejjb hd sb pubcb aeobr ekstreoonÿh cbj pd cb rbc ej ouej odrrbspdhcb, cbscb bj puhtd cb vnste cb je idvnjncec, hn cbj pd cb treie urkehe ej ouej pbrtbhbob, cbscb bj puhtd cb vnste cb su drgehnzeonÿh fdriej. Bj ehåjnsns cb bstes onrouhstehones cbtbrinhe jds rbqubrninbhtds cb drgehnzeonÿh cb uhe oejjb, jds jjeiecds peråibtrds cb cnsbõd, quî sdh ejgd iås qub odhcnondhbs gbdiîtrnoes, y odiprbhcbh tdcds jds odipdhbhtbs cb drcbheonÿh y cb urkehnzeonÿh, jds rbqubrninbhtds bspeonejbs cb jes fuhondhbs urkehes qub sb bhbh qub eodgbr bh bstb bspeond, jes rbjeondhbs cb odipeknjncec bhtrb bjjes, y jes rbjeondhbs odh bj pd cb bcnoeonÿh qub cbtbrinheh bj pd cb treie e qub pbrtbhbob je oejjb. Jds bspeonds pükjnods, jes oejjbs y jes pjezes, bhbh uhe drgehnzeonÿh qub jds aeob cnfbrbhtbs, qub bhb bfbotds cnvbrsds sdkrb su ujnzeonÿh, pdrqub sdh odiprbhcncds cb uhe cbtbrinhece iehbre pdr sus usuernds, cbpbhcnbhcd cb su treteinbhtd supbronej y cb je drgehnzeonÿh cb sus bjbibhtds odipdsnvds. Hd pubcb sbr, pdr tehtd, qub bste drgehnzeonÿh sbe, e vbobs, prdcuotd cb uh blbronond kehej bh bj qub teh sÿjd sb ae tretecd cb odid sb odjdoeh hüibrd cbtbrinhecd cb sbrvnonds bh bj suksubjd, d cb oerrnjbs cb onroujeonÿh bh su supbronb. Bj eonbrtd bh bj cnsbõd cb bstb bspeond cbpbhcb, prnhonpejibhtb, cb je odrrbspdhcbhone bhtrb jes fuhondhbs qub sb bhbh qub ejoehzer y je cnspdsnonÿh cb bspeonds pere rbonknrjes. ]dr jd tehtd, pbhser bj bspeond oejjb qunbrb cbonr, bh prnibr juger, tbhbr ojeres jes fuhondhbs e etbhcbr, je nhtbhsncec cb su prbsbhone, jds rbqunsntds cb bspeond qub bsd supdhb y je odipeknjncec cbhtrd cbj insid bspeond cb bses fuhondhbs odh je nhtbhsncec odh qub sb prbvîh. Aey, pubs, qub ler uh prdgreie fuhondhej, ehtbs cb pjehtber je drcbheonÿh, je ouej qunbrb cbonr, fuhceibhtejibhtb, ecboueonÿh e bstds rbqubrninbhtds cbj bspeond cnspdhnkjb y rbsdjuonÿh cb jds odhnotds qub sb ceråh bhtrb fuhondhbs. Je oejjb bs hdriejibhtb sdjnontece pdr uh odhluhtd cb fuhondhbs kåsnoes qub sb ceh bh ieydr d ibhdr grecd bh tdces bjjes. E odhhueonÿh sb aeob uhe cbsornponÿh cb bses fuhondhbs, qub, odid tdcd bstb pd cb blbrononds, bhb bj rnbsgd cb je snipjnoeonÿh< Abids egrupecd bstes fuhondhbs bh ouetrd grupds, jes qub bhbh qub vbr odh jds rbqubrninbhtds cb odrrbspdhcbhone odh je bcnoeonÿh, jes qub bieheh cb su pepbj cb bspeond oehej pere bj pesd cb jes rbcbs cb nhfrebstruotures, jes qub bhbh qub vbr odh fuhondhbs cb rbjeonÿh sdonej y cb idvnjncec y, hejibhtb, jes qub cbrnveh cbj rdj cb odhtbhbcdr cb jds bjbibhtds vbgbtejbs qub odhfdrieh bj snstbie cb bspeonds vbrcbs cb je onucec. Je oejjb bs bj bspeond pükjnod pdr bxobjbhone, bj bspeond cbtreécd cbj hbgdond nhidknjnernd pbrd snh bj ouej îstb hd bhb pdsnknjncec cb rbejnzeonÿh. Bs, pdr jd tehtd, bj hbgevd cbj bspeond prnvezecd, cb su perobjeonÿh y bcnoeonÿh0 odid prbonhtd cb îstes, bs teiknîh ejnhbeonÿh cb feoaece, hnvbj cb rbfbrbhone cb je ejture cbj bcnond y, ej insid bipd, juger cb eoobsd cb jds sbrvnonds urkehds y cb odiuhnoeonÿh cbj bcnond odh je oejjb. Esé pubs, bj odhluhtd cb fuhondhbs e tbhbr bh oubhte cbhtrd cbj prnibr grupd sbõejecd hds cbiubstre qub je jéhbe cnvnsdrne bhtrb bj bspeond pükjnod y bj bspeond prnvecd bs uhe jéhbe cb sbpereonÿh teh sÿjd e bfbotds lurécnods, pbrd bh rbejncec bs je jéhbe cb odhteotd bhtrb eikds pds cb bspeond. Greh pertb cb jds prdkjbies cb epjnoeonÿh cb jds pjehbs urkehésods cbrnveh cb je nghdrehone cb bstb aboad0 ouåhcd bstes jéhbes qubceh leces bh jds pjehbs perbob odid sn sb auknbreh cbjnintecd cds bspeonds cb odipbtbhone prdfbsndhej, bj cbj tîohnod cb je bcnoeonÿh y bj cbj tîohnod cb urkehnzeonÿh0 odh rbsujtecds iuoaes vbobs bsoe bsoehc hcej ejds dsds ds,, oÿ oÿid id sb pubc pubcbb od odip iprd rdke kerr ou ouåh åhcd cd bstd bstdss cds cds tîohn tîohnod odss pbrt pbrtbh bhbob bobh h e bsfb bsfbre ress cb je Ecinhnstreonÿh cnfbrbhtbs< je urkehésoe, cb uhe kehce, y je cb oerrbtbres cb je dtre. _n bste jéhbe bs cb uhnÿh

 

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fdriej, y hd cb sbpereonÿh, jes odhcnondhbs cb pjehte y ejzecd cb je oejjb bhbh qub tbhbr bh oubhte cnvbrsds supubstds odh bj h cb odiprdker su odrrbspdhcbhone odh bj pd cb bcnoeonÿh prblecd bh jes drcbhehzes cbj sbotdr< uknoeonÿh cb je feoaece cb je bcnoeonÿh future sdkrb je ejnhbeonÿh cb je oejjb d sbperece cb îste, hnvbjbs hnvbj bs cb bcnoeonÿh bcnoeonÿh qub rbsujteh cb jes resehtbs cb je oejjb y vdjuibtrée vdjuibtrée cbcuonce cbcuonce cb bstds hnvbjbs. hnvbjbs. Rhe odiprdkeonÿh fåonj cb bjjd biehe cb je odhsteteonÿh cb qub cbtbrinhecds pds cb bcnoeonÿh bhbh cbtbrinhecds rbqubrninbhtds cb ejnhbeonÿh bh pjehte y cb resehtb cbj pjeh cb bcnoeonÿh0 jd ouej qunbrb cbonr cbo nr qub tbhbids tbhb ids qub trecuo tre cuonrj nrjds ds bh hubstrds rbquns rbqunsntd ntdsbhsehoabs s cb gbdibt gbdibtrée rée cb je oejjb. oejjb. ]drbhblbipj blb ipjd, d, odhstehtbs, jds pds cb bcnoeonÿh bh nsje obrrece prdpnds cb jds keseh su odipdsnonÿh ejtures d odh verneonÿh odhstehtb e jd jergd cb je feoaece cb uhe iehzehe0 bsd sb ae cb trecuonr bh uhe resehtb odhhües bhtrb oruobs, bh ejnhbeondhbs rbotes cb je oejjb, bto. Bstb odhluhtd cb fuhondhbs dkjngeh e aeobr uh trekeld prbvnd e je urkehnzeonÿh, qub fdrie pertb cb jes terbes cb drcbheonÿh cb uhe zdhe d sbotdr0 sb trete cb trezer jes oejjbs odh je iåxnie odrrbspdhcbhone odh je perobjeonÿh, d odiprdkehcd qub bj trezecd gjdkej cb je rbc fevdrbzoe uhe perobjeonÿh qub rbsujtb ecbouece ej pd cb bcnoeonÿh cb qub sb qunbrb epjnoer. Fnhejibhtb, sb bhb qub bhtbhcbr qub bj aboad qub je jéhbe bxtbrndr cb je ejnhbeonÿh cb je oejjb sbe uhe jéhbe cb suture odh je bcnoeonÿh qunbrb cbonr qub sb bhbh qub tbhbr iuoad bh oubhte jds hnvbjbs cb jes pubrtes bxnstbhtbs, jds jugerbs cb uknoeonÿh cb eodibces cb sbrvnonds, jes pbhcnbhtbs trehsvbrsejbs cb jes reipes cb jds gerelbs qub pubcbh ejtbrer je nhojnheonÿh trehsvbrsej cb je oejjb, y tehtds dtrds espbotds qub hdriejibhtb sb odhsncbreh cb drcbh ibhdr y qub hd sb bhbh bh oubhte bh bj prdybotd, odh rbsujtecds ojereibhtb iejds. Bj odhnotd bhtrb bstds rbqubrninbhtds cb odipdsnonÿh urkehe y jds rbqubrninbhtds cb trezecd cb je oejzece odid uh oehej pere vbaéoujds bh onroujeonÿh hd sb rbsubjvb oesgehcd jds hnvbjbs cb jes eobres, hn jjbvehcd, odid bs iås frboubhtb, je gbdibtrée cb je oejzece cnrboteibhtb e jds jéintbs cb je oejjb, sbeh ouåjbs sbeh sus rbsujtecds. Bhtrb bj kdrcnjjd y bj bxtbrndr cb je eobre aey uh bspeond qub pubcb nr ecdptehcd supbronbs cb nhojnheondhbs cnfbrbhtbs odh bj h cb cngbrnr pertb cb bstds prdkjbies, nhojusd sb pubcb luger odh ejtbreondhbs bh je ejture cbj prdpnd kdrcnjjd. ]brd, hdriejibhtb, bstb bspeond bs uhe frehle cb pbqubõe ehoaure qub ce pdod iergbh, y, bhtdhobs, bs je cbhnonÿh cb jds rbqubrninbhtds odipdsnvds cb je feoaece y cb jes eobres je qub cbkb iehcer sdkrb jds rbqubrninbhtds cb resehtb cb je oejzece y hd ej rbvîs. Dtrd blbipjd esdonecd e bstb insid pd cb fuhondhbs cb je oejjb bs bj cb jes eodibces cb jds sbrvnonds urkehds e jes bcnoeondhbs. ]erbob uh prdkjbie ibhdr, pbrd bj aboad cb qub bh hubstrd odhtbxtd je urkehnzeonÿh ae ehtbobcncd, hdriejibhtb, e je bcnoeonÿh, ae odhjjbvecd teiknîh sntueondhbs eksurces d iej rbsubjtes. _n sb dksbrveh jds rbqubrninbhtds cbj ejoehternjjecd, perbob rezdhekjb uknoer pdzds cb rbgnstrd e uh rnt rntid id cbtbri cbtbrinhe nhecd cd cb cnsteh cnstehone, one, y je prdpne prdpne fuhond fuhondhej hejnce ncec c cbj sbrvnond sbrvnond dkjnge dkjnge bh quî tdces jes eodibces sejgeh cb bstds pdzds0 tbhbr bh oubhte, pdr bstb idvd, je perobjeonÿh snghnoe odiprdker je odrrbspdhcbhone cb puhtds kelds cb jes perobjes y jes eodibces0 y tbhbr bh oubhte bj pd cb bcnoeonÿh y je pdsnknjncec cb uknoer pjehtes suktbrråhbes odhcnondhe je resehtb cb je ejoehternjje y, e vbobs, je cb je insie oejjb. Bj sbguhcd grupd cb fuhondhbs ehtbs ontecd sb cbrnve cbj aboad cb qub je oejjb bs bj oehej prnidrcnej cb pesd cb jds sbrvnonds urkehésods d nhfrebstruotures. Bh prnibr juger, je oejjb bs bj prnhonpej bspeond odhcu odh cuot otdr dr cbj cbj crbh crbhel elbb cb je jjuv jjuvne ne bh jes jes onuc onucec ecbs bs,, y euhq euhqub ub îste îstess sb oe oehe hejnjnob obh h pdr pdr od odhc hcuo uoon ondh dhbs bs suktbrråhbes je oejjb snrvb cb bspeond cb oepteonÿh ehtbs cb odhcuonr bj egue e jds suincbrds d nikdrhejbs. Nhojusd, Nhojus d, je fdrie drgehnzeve drgehnzeve ady teh bxtbhcnce bxtbhcnce cb oejjb odh eobres bjbveces rbspbotd rbspbotd cb je oejzece bhb drngbh bh je hbobsncec cb odhcuonr bj egue cb jds tblecds jblds cb jds oninbhtds cb feoaece cb je oese, ibcnehtb uh tukd, prdjdhgeonÿh cbj kelehtb, prdtbgncd pdr je eobre aeste sejnr e je oejzece pdr cbkeld cbj kdrcnjjd. Bste fuhonÿh cb crbhelb odhcnondhe fubrtbibhtb bj cnsbõd cb je gbdibtrée cb je oejjb0 pdr bsd, sb ouåj sbe je oepeoncec cb jes odhcuoondhbs cb crbhelb qub sb odjdoeh e keld je oejjb, o ejjb, bs odhvbhnbhtb cer sejnce e jes egues supbronejbs, odid gerehe bh supubstds cb bikejsb d cb evbhnces rbpbhhes0 esé sb ae aboad trecnondhejibhtb bh jds iuhnonpnds odstbrds y bste insie rezÿh bs je qub jjbve e cnspdhbr bj pbrejtb cb jes rdtdhces urkehes aeone bj kdrcb bxtbrndr, euhqub je onroujeonÿh cb vbaéoujds rbodinbhcb pbrejtbs aeone cbhtrd. Bj aboad cb tbhbr bh oubhte je fuhonÿh cb crbhelb odhcnondhe hd teh sÿjd bj prdybotd cb je rbc cb

 

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pjuvnejbs0 iuoads cb jds prdkjbies cb su cnibhsndhecd y cb uknoeonÿh cb sus nhstejeondhbs sb pubcbh rbsdjvbr e perr cb urkehnzeonÿh qub sb bjnle pere je oejjb. ]evnibhtds pdrdsds y, sdkrb tdcd, bspeonds vbrcbs d cb erbhe bh jes eobres, odjekdreh e cnsinhunr je sboonÿh cb jes odhcuoondhbs cb rbodgnce cb egues pjuvnejbs, rbles odjdoeces dpdrtuheibhtb pubcbh sbrvnr pere cbrnver egues e tdrrbhtbs prÿxnids, y, nhojusd, odhsncbrer je oejjb odid oehej cb egues cb evbhnces bxtredrcnhernes bh sbotdrbs cb kele cbhsncec pubcb eyucer e eadrrer grehcb pertb cb je rbc cb crbhelb. ]rbonseibhtb, bs bj prdkjbie cb bveoueonÿh cb jes egues cb jjuvne bj qub ,iås odhcnondhe drgehnzeonÿh cb oruobs je resehtb je oejjb y jequb uknoeonÿh cbernd jds suincbrds cb je rbc cb pjuvnejbs, pjuvnejbs jd qub bs iås je nipdrtehtb nipdr tehtb bh jds cb cb oejjbs, oejjbs , bh jds bs hbobsernd hbobs aeobr uhe odiprdkeonÿh cbj lubgd cb pbhcnbhtbs trehsvbrsejbs qub sb fdrie pdr odhubhone cb cds d iås pbhcnbhtbs jdhgntucnhejbs cb oejjbs eubhtbs. Dtrds feotdrbs odhcnondhehtbs, y hd ibhds nipdrtehtbs, sdh jds cbrnvecds cbj cbj pesd pesd pdr pdr cbke cbkeld ld cb je oejj oejjbb cbj cbj rbst rbstd d cb sbrv sbrvno nond ndss ur urke kehé hés sod ods, s, odid odid je jess cn cnfb fbrb rbht htbs bs rbcb rbcbss cb ekestboninbhtd cb egue pdtekjb, cb bhbrgée bjîotrnoe, cb ges d cb tbjbfdhée. Sdcds bstds sbrvnonds, ecbiås cb douper uhe kehce cbj bspeond suktbrråhbd, bhbh rbgnstrds cbscb je supbronb, jd nipjnoe je bxnstbhone cb er erqu qubt btes es pdr pdr cbke cbkeld ld cb y tepe tepess bh je supb supbr ronb onb.. Od Odh h bj h cb feonj feonjnt nter er bj rbgn rbgnst strd rd,, oesn oesn td tdce cess bste bstess nhstejeondhbs, sejvd jes cb ejoehternjjecd y, e vbobs, cb jes oåieres ieydrbs cb jes cb tbjbfdhée, subjbh bster bh bj bspeond cb je eobre. Cb bste fdrie, je ehoaure cb je eobre hd vnbhb cbtbrinhece sdjeibhtb pdr bj bspeond cb pesd hbobsernd pere jds pbetdhbs, pdrqub jds rbqubrninbhtds cb ehoaure pere je uknoeonÿh cb sbrvnonds sdh ieydrbs. Rhe eobre odh jds sbrvnonds iéhnids qub bxngb hubstre jbgnsjeonÿh bhb qub tbhbr ej ibhds uhe ehoaure cb ;,2 i. d iås sn sb prbvî uknoer årkdjbs. Rh tbrobr grupd cb fuhondhbs sdh jes qub bhbh qub vbr odh bj aboad cb qub je oejjb sbe bj prnhonpej juger cb rbjeonÿh sdonej cb je onucec. ]dsnkjbibhtb ae pbrcncd je rbjbvehone qub tbhée bh bj pesecd odid juger odcnehd cb rbjeonÿh, pbrd odhhüe snbhcd bj bspeond cdhcb je gbhtb bhoubhtre greh g reh pertb cb jds bjbibhtds cb ncbhoeonÿh sdonej, cb nhfdrieonÿh sdkrb eodhtboninbhtds, cb prdpegehce cb ncbes d sntueondhbs0 bs juger cb dond, cb pesbd, cb iehnfbsteonÿh y cb bstes odjboves, cb nhvbsgeonÿh cb rbodrrncds qub bhbh ejgd cb evbhture odcnehe, y cb tehtes dtres odses. Cbhtrd cb bstb pd cb sdjnonteondhbs cbj bspeond vnej, sb bhoubhtreh jes rbjeondhbs cb idvnjncec. Îstes sdh teh sÿjd uhe pertb cb jes fuhondhbs cbj bspeond urkehd, onbrteibhtb nipdrtehtbs, pbrd hd jes ühnoes qub sb ceh bh îj, y, pdr tehtd, su sesfeoonÿh hd ae cb ehujer je cb tdces jes cbiås. Rhe oejjb hd bs uhe oerrbtbre, hn snqunbre jes vées urkehes bspbonejnzeces bh tråhsntd rdcecd. Bj üjid grupd cb fuhondhbs ibhondheces bhb qub vbr odh bj aboad cb qub jes oejjbs y jes pjezes cb je onucec sdh bj bspeond prnhonpej cb epdyd cbj snstbie vbgbtej cb je onucec, hd teh sÿjd pdrqub je suie cbj hüibrd cb årkdjbs qub aey bh bjjes sbe supbrndr e je cb jds perqubs, snhd fuhceibhtejibhtb pdrqub sdh sus årkdjbs y erkustds jds qub jb gerehzeh je odhcnonÿh cb snstbie, pdsnknjnteh bj odhteotd bhtrb bspbonbs vbgbtejbs y je odhhuncec cb rbodrrncds cb je feuhe, esé odid jes rbjeondhbs cb bsds bodsnstbies odh je brre y je auibcec cbj suksubjd. Sdces jes fuhondhbs bhuhoneces hd sb ceh cb iehbre gbhbrejnzece bh tdces jes oejjbs hn odh je insie nhtbhsncec. Bh cbtbrinhecds pds cb oejjb sbråh prndrnternes ejguhes cb bjjes, y, nhojusd, su nhtbhsncec pubcb aeobr qub dtres fuhondhbs sbeh nhodipekjbs cbhtrd cb je insie oejjb, d rbqunbreh uh treteinbhtd bspboéod pere gerehzer su prbsbhone snh odhnotds odh jes fuhondhbs prnhonpejbs. Bs odhdonce je bxpujsnÿh cb greh pertb cb jes dtres fuhondhbs urkehes qub supdhbh jes vées sbgrbgeces pere bj tråod cb ejte vbjdoncec0 pbrd bj blbipjd cb jes rdhces cb Kerobjdhe bs uhe kubhe iubstre cb oÿid sb ae rbsubjtd je odbxnstbhone odh dtrds rbqubrninbhtds cb bspeond urkehd, odid je pbribeknjncec trehsvbrsej cb je treie urkehe, je odhhuncec cb je feoaece bcnoece cb sus oejjbs jetbrejbs, bj cbsvéd cbj trehspdrtb odjbovd pdr dtrds rbodrrncds, y, nhojusd, je prbsbhone cb erkdjecd. Esé pubs, bs pdsnkjb uhe odhobponÿh cb jes oejjbs cnfbrbhtb cb je qub sb cbcuob cb uhe bxeobrkeonÿh cb jes rbjeondhbs cb idvnjncec idtdrnzece. ]brd bste odhobponÿh rbqunbrb uh pjehtbeinbhtd ojerd cb jes fuhondhbs e jes ouejbs sb qunbrb cbsher oece pertb cbj odhluhtd cb oejjbs cb je onucec y cb sus kerrnds. Odhobponÿh qub bhb qub sbr, e je fubrze, lbrerqunzece0 cb iehbre qub sb cnfbrbhonbh jds bspeonds, sb sbjboondhb e prndrn quî pertb cb je rbc sb qunbrb cbcnoer e fuhondhbs cb idvnjncec prbcdinhehtbs, odid jds pesbds cb pbetdhbs d je cnstrnkuonÿh cb je onroujeonÿh

 

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rdcece0 y sb ehejnob sn bxnstb ejgüh dtrd supubstd snhgujer qub cbtbrinhb bj oeråotbr cb je oejjb. Oejjbs, pubs, hd uhnfdribs pdr snstbie, snhd ecboueces e jes sdjnonteondhbs qub sb bhoubhtrbh iås pbrhbhtbs. Jds orntbrnds cb drcbheonÿh y urkehnzeonÿh cbj bspeond pükjnod bhbh qub bster bh odrrbspdhcbhone odh uh prdgreie odhorbtd pbhsecd pere bjjds. _bgüh ouåjbs sbeh jes fuhondhbs e qub sb ae cb rbspdhcbr, y sbgüh jes nhtbhsncecbs odh quî sb qunbreh eobpter, bj prdgreie cb rbqubrninbhtds bspeonejbs qub cbtbrinherå bj prdybotd. ]dr bsd bs hbobsernd uh blbronond prbvnd e je cbonsnÿh cb urkehnzeonÿh cb uhe oejjb, qub odhsnstb bh< - ]rbvbr jes fuhondhbs e eodgbr. Vbr odh- quî nhtbhsncec bstreie prbvnsnkjb qub sb cbh. - Srecuonr nhtbhsncecbs bh rbqubrninbhtds cb-bspeond. Ehejnzer bj pd cb urkehe cdhcb sb uknoe. - Vbr snbstes sdh odipe odi pekjb kjbss bstes bstes fu fuhond hondhbs hbs,, pdr su nhtbhs nhtbhsnce ncec c rbje rbjeve ve d cbhtrd cbhtrd cbj cbj bspeon bspeond d cnspdh cnspdhnkj nkjb. b. - Bhodht Bhodhtrer rer ejtbrheves e jes fuhondhbs qub rbsujtbh nhodipekjbs cbhtrd cb bsb bspeond. - Fnler bj prdgreie fuhondhej cbj prdybotd. Rhe vbz eojerecds bstds rbqubrninbhtds prbvnds, bs odhvbhnbhtb rbieroer qub jes sdjuondhbs pnoeces pdr je bxpbrnbhone pubcbh sbr cb greh eyuce, pbrd qub aey uh odhcnondhehtb ehtbrndr, ej qub sb ae aboad rbfbrbhone, qub bs bj cb je odrrbspdhcbhone odh bj pd cb drcbheonÿh cb je bcnoeonÿh cbhncd e jds pjehbs cb drcbheonÿh. Hd bs îstb bj juger pere bxtbhcbrhds bh uh tbie sdkrb bj ouej bxnstb ekuhcehtb jntbreture bspbonejnzece, pbrd aey qub rbodrcer qub je ieydr pertb cb jes oejjbs cb hubstres onucecbs aeh ecdptecd sdjuondhbs fdriejbs bh odabrbhone odh uh pd cb treie, y bs odhvbhnbhtb eprdvboaer îstb aboad ouehcd ibhds pdr je ojerncec qub ce e sus usuernds. Jes oejjbs sb oereotbrnzeh, sdkrb tdcd, pdr su rbjeonÿh odh bj bspeond perobjecd y je bcnoeonÿh, y, esé, sb pubcbh pnoer cnfbrbhtbs pds cb oejjb sbgüh su pbrtbhbhone e uh pd cb treie0 cb aboad, îste sb cbhb ;.3 ;.2 ; ;? prbonseibhtb pdr bse odrrbspdhcbhone bh bhtr trbb fd fdri riee cb je tr trei eiee vnej vnej y dr drcb cbh h cb je bc bcn noe oeonÿ onÿh. h. Bste Bste nc ncbh bh oeo oeonÿ nÿh h sbõe sbõeje je ye uhds uhds onbrt onbrtds ds rbqubrninbhtds qub cbrnveh cb je rbpbonÿh cb jes fdries y jds bjbibhtds prdpnds cb jes treies e jes qub pbrtbhbobh, ouye bsbhone cbsoehse bh jes rbgjes odipdsnves prdpnes cbj pd cb treie. Hd dkstehtb, jes oejjbs prnhonpejbs cb je onucec subjbh sbr oejjbs snhgujerbs qub pbhbtreh, subjceh, cnfbrbhtbs pds cb treies, d knbh oejjbs cb sbpereonÿh, cb frdhtbre, bhtrb treies cnvbrses. ^e abids aekjecd cbj tbie bh dtrds jnkrds, pbrd odhvnbhb rbieroer ejguhds cb jds rbqubrninbhtds bspboéods cb bstb pd cb oejjbs. Jes oejjbs qub gerehz gere hzeh eh je odhhun odhhuncec cec cb nhbre nhbrernd rndss bhtrb bhtrb cnf cnfbrb brbhtb htbss treies treies urkehe urkehess sdh, sdh, oesn oesn snbipr snbiprb, b, jes iås nipdrtehtbs cb je onucec. Bj blb iås bstucnecd cb Kerobjdhe bs bj nhbrernd qub fdrieh jes [eikjes, bj ]esbd cb Greone, je oejjb ieydr cb Greone, je evbhnce cb je [bpükjnoe Ergbhhe y, nhojusd, su odhhuncec bh je [dhce cb Odjjobrdje0 pbrd bh ouejqunbr onucec bxnstbh blbs nipdrtehtbs fdriecds pdr jds eoobsds cb ehgue oerrbtbres, qub pbhbtreh iuy e ibhucd pdr treies prdpnes cb bhsehoab, etrevnbse bj hüojbd ehgud y vubjvb e rbpbr uhe sboubhone nhvbrse. Bstb pd cb oejjbs bhbh qub gerehzer uhe odhhuncec ojere cb sus rbodrrncds (pere pbetdhbs, eutdkusbs y odoabs, sn bs bj oesd), eceptehcd su sboonÿh e oece uhd cb jes treies qub etrevnbseh, e sus rbqubrninbhtds fdriejbs. ]brd bhbh uhds jugerbs bh jds ouejbs cbsoehse je kubhe rbsdjuonÿh cb su odhhuncec, qub subjbh sbr pjezes d oruobs nipdrtehtbs0 îstds sdh bspeonds cb rÿtuje, qub bhbh qub sbr cb jboture ojere pere jds cnfbrbhtbs pds cb usuernds, y bhbh qub odhtbhbr bjbibhtds fdriejbs qub pbrinteh ecbouer jds suobsnvds oeiknds cb sboonÿh. Cb bstes odhcnondhbs cb ecboue ecboueonÿh onÿh e jes treies treies qub etrevnbs etrevnbseh eh d cb odhhu odhhunce ncec c ojere ojere cb nhbre nhbrernd rndss sb pubcbh pubcbh bxtrebr bxtrebr bhsbõehzes iuy pdsnves sdkrb jd pdod eobrtecd cb jes sdjuondhbs cb vées qub iehbhbh bj insid pd cb drgehnzeonÿh e jd jergd cb tdcd su rbodrrncd pdr je onucec, snh oeiknds cb sboonÿh d snh bspeonds cb rÿtuje cdhcb sb bxprbsbh bstds oeiknds. Ejguhes cb jes dpbreondhbs vnejbs iås nipdrtehtbs rbejnzeces bh bj pesecd bh hubstres onucecbs, aeh tbhncd uh cnsbõd qub hd ae tbhncd bh oubhte bstds rbqubrninbhtds, aeh cblecd snh rbsdjvbr jes bhtrbges cb sus kdrcbs odh jds tblncds bcnoecds odjnhcehtbs, y aeh odhstruncd oejzeces jetbrejbs qub hd bhbh bh oubhte jds rbqubrninbhtds cb ejnhbeonÿh d resehtb cb equbjjds tblncds. Nguejibhtb, bh oesn tdces hubstres onucecbs bs pdsnkjb bhodhtrer vées cb sbpereonÿh bhtrb kerrnds, cb cnf cnfbrb brbhon honeonÿ eonÿh h bhtrb bhtrb bjj bjjds. ds. Jds oesds oesds ibldr ibldr rbsubj rbsubjtds tds aeh sncd sncd equîjj equîjjds ds qub aeh ecdpte ecdptecd cd sboond sboondhbs hbs esniîtrnoes, eceptehcd oece jecd e jds rbqubrninbhtds cb jds tblncds rbspbovds. Rh blbipjd eprdpnecd e bste rbbxnÿh bs bj treteinbhtd qub sb ae cecd e je ehgue oerrbtbre cb Bspujgubs e su pesd pdr jds

 

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iuhnonpnds cb _eht Kdn y Vnjecboehs, qub sb odibhte bh oepétujd pdstbrndr. Je sdjuonÿh ecdptece fub, bh odabrbhone odh jd bxpubstd, je cb uhe sboonÿh esniîtrnoe, qub kesÿ su îxntd fdriej prbonseibhtb bh bj aboad cb etbhcbr odh orntbrnds cnfbrbhtbs e jes hbobsncecbs cb jds tblncds urkehds qub sbpere. Esé pubs, bj îhfesns qub sb rbodinbhce bh je cnfbrbhoneonÿh cb fuhondhbs e jes qub sb qunbrb cbsher oece oejjb bs je ieydr gerehe cb uhe kubhe rbspubste e jds cnfbrbhtbs pds cb sdjnonteonÿh sdkrb bj bspeond pükjnod cb je onucec0 y, cbhtrd cb bste vdjuhtec, ejoehze rbjbvehone je ecepteonÿh cb jes oejjbs e jes cnfbrbhtbs fdries cb idvnjncec, e jds dklbvds qub cbtbrinhbh jds pjehbs iuhnonpejbs cb idvnjncec. E bjjd sb cbcnoe je ieydr pertb cb bstb jnkrd. _b pubcb odhojunr qub bj prdybotd cb uhe oejjb sb odhvnbrtb, cb bste fdri fdrie, e, bh bj prdy prdybo botd td cb uh cbtb cbtbri rinh nhec ecd d juge juger, r, nhsb nhsbrt rtec ecd d bh uhe uhe cbtb cbtbri rinh nhec ecee tr trei eiee ur urke kehe he bh odrrbsp odrr bspdhc dhcbho bhone ne odh uh pd cb bcnoe bcnoeonÿh onÿh,, y ej sbrvno sbrvnond nd cb jes fuhond fuhondhbs hbs qub sb cbtbr cbtbrinh inhbh bh odid odid prbcdinhehtbs, sn bs bj oesd0 d, bh bj bxtrbid dpubstd, gerehzehcd uhe odbxnstbhone peoéoe cb tdces jes fuhondhbs snh qub hnhguhe cb bjjes pubce bhtbhcbr bj bspeond odid prdpnd. Bs, e je vbz, bs uh prdybotd cb ejtbreonÿh peronej cb uhe rbc vnerne, d cb jes cnvbrses rbcbs cb sbrvnonds cb je onucec, y hd cbkb, pdr tehtd ekstrebrsb cb sus rbpbrousndhbs sdkrb bspeonds qub hd sdh dklbtd cbj prdybotd d nhtbrvbhonÿh odhorbte. _nh djvncer qub je rnqubze cbj bspeond pükjnod prdvnbhb cb je cnvbrsncec cb sus eovncecbs, cb je oepeoncec cb ecepteonÿh e je iuteonÿh cb bstes eovncecbs e jd jergd cbj bipd, y, ej insid bipd, su oeråotbr pükjnod bhb iuoad qub vbr odh su odhhuncec e jd jergd cb tdce je onucec. NNN. NH_S[RIBHSD_ CB D[CBHEONßH CB JE OEJJB  ]dr drcbheonÿh cb uhe oejjb sb bhbhcb je iehbre cb cnstrnkunr y cbhnr bj usd pdtbhonej cb su bspeond, odid rbspubste ej prdgreie fuhondhej cbhncd pere îj y bh rbjeonÿh odh bj bhtdrhd y odh jes rbcbs urkehes cb jes qub fdrie pertb. ]ere bjjd, sb cnspdhb cb uh odhluhtd cb nhstruibhtds cb cnsbõd, pbqubõd pbrd suonbhtb. Bstes abrreinbhtes sb rbsuibh bh< - Je gbdibtrée bh je pjehte y bh ejzecd. - Jds sbperecdrbs snods bhtrb bspeonds bspbonejnzecds - Bj treteinbhtd cb jes cnfbrbhtbs supbronbs y tbxtures. - Bj jjeiecd idknjnernd idknjn ernd urkehd urkehd y jds bjbibhtds supbronejbs supbronejbs cb jds sbrvnonds urkehds. Jds nhstruibh nhstruibhtds tds cb trezecd, trezecd, jes abrreinbht abrre inbhtes es cb je gbdibtrée, gbdibtrée, pbrintbh pbrintbh cnfbrbhone cnfbrbhonerr oejzeces oejzeces cb tråhsntd rdcecd cb pesbds pesbds cb pbetdhbs pbetdhbs d cbs cbshe hecd cdss e dt dtre ress fd fdri ries es cb idvn idvnjnjnce cec c qub qub tbhg tbhgeh eh qub qub bste bsterr pr prdt dtbg bgnc ncds ds,, dr drge gehn hnze zerr sus sus oruob oruobss b nhtbrsboondhbs, jds rntids cb odhteotd odh dtres oejjbs, y jes rbgjes cb trehsnonÿh bhtrb îstds y bj bspeond bcnoecd. Je cbhnonÿh gbdiîtrnoe cb jds cnfbrbhtbs bspeonds cb je oejjb pertb cb uhe prnibre cnoujtec< je jÿgnoe cb je onroujeonÿh rdcece, kesece bh jds rbqubrninbhtds iboåhnods cb je vbjdoncec, bs cnonj cb bhoeler bh je jÿgnoe cb je odipdsnonÿh urkehe. Sej odid sb pubcb odiprdker bh je gure ecluhte, bj bspeond qub sb bhb qub ecepter e je onroujeonÿh cb uh vbaéoujd rdcecd bhb uhds rbqubrninbhtds cb pjehte y cb ejzecd. Bh pjehte aey uhe odhcnonÿh cb recnd iéhnid, rbjeondhece odh je vbjdoncec, odh bj h cb bvnter je sejnce cbj vbaéoujd cbj oerrnj, odid teiknîh je hbobsncec cb ecepter bj oerrnj e je treybotdrne cbj vbaéoujd ouehcd oeikne cb ejnhbeonÿh, ejnhbeonÿh, bs cbonr, cb uhe rbote e uhe ourve0 bste üjie üjie odhcnonÿh odhcnonÿh sb rbsubjvb rbsubjvb nhtrdcuonbhcd nhtrdcuonbhcd bhtrb eikes ejnhbeondhbs uhe ourve cb sbguhcd grecd, qub verée cb recnd bh fuhonÿh cb je jdhgntuc cb su rbodrrncd, cbhdinhece jbihnsoete d ojdtdncb, ouyd peråibtrd (E) cbhncd pdr je fuhonÿh ietbiåoe (r x J9 E; ), cbpbhcb cb je vbjdoncec cb onroujeonÿh odhsncbrece bh bj prdybotd. ]brd je jÿgnoe odipdsnve cb je pjehte cb je onucec bs je rbote y je ourve, jd ouej qunbrb cbonr qub sb cnonj nhtrdcuonr bh bjje dtrds pds cb gbdibtrées0 pdr bsd, bh je onucec jes ejnhbeondhbs cb jes oejjbs sdh suobsnÿh cb rbotes y ourves, snh bxnstbhone cb equbjjes ourves cb trehsnonÿh bhtrb ejnhbeondhbs, y jds vbaéoujds eprdvboaeh bj ehoad cbj oerrnj pere rbejnzer su treybotdrne. Bste prnibre odhcnonÿh cb trezecd jjbve cds odhsncbreondhbs odipjbibhternes. Je prnibre bs qub bstb rbqubrninbhtd cb ourves cb trehsnonÿh bh pjehte sb bhb qub jninter e jes vées bspbonejnzeces cb greh oepeoncec, sn aey bh je onucec. Bs rbodibhcekjb qub bsds oeiknds cb treybotdrne sb rbejnobh bh jds pbrnfîrnoes. oruobs, sejvd bh sbotdrbs cb pdoe cbhsncec cb sdjnonteonÿh sbr teiknîh jds cb jes urkehnzeondhbs Bj aboad cb obhtrer jds oeiknds cb ejnhbeonÿh bh jdsodid oruobssubjbh odjekdre ej

 

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drcbh cbj tblncd bcnoecd, pbrd rbqunbrb cb uhe etbhonÿh bspbonej e je drgehnzeonÿh cbj oruob cb jes oejjbs, pere bvnter qub uhe etbhonÿh etbhonÿh bxobsnve e jes treybotdrnes treybotdrnes cb jds vbaéoujds vbaéoujds hd odhvnbrte odhvnbrte bstb bspeond bh uhe nhtbrsboonÿh cb oerrbtbres, odh prdjnfbreonÿh cb nsjbtes sbperecdres odhstrunces bh rbjnbvb d odh pnhture jnstece. Dtre odhcnonÿh cb trezecd cbj bspeond pere jds vbaéoujds bs teiknîh cb cnonj ecepteonÿh e je onucec0 sb trete cb je gbdibtrée cbj blb bh ejzecd y bh bj sbhcd jdhgntucnhej cb je ieroae (qub sb jjeie pbrj jdhgntucnhej). Ouehcd uh vbaéoujd sukb uhe reipe y, e odhhueonÿh, kele pdr uhe pbhcnbhtb, sb rbqunbrb teiknîh cb pbhcnbhtb qub ecboub je resehtb cb je oejzece equb je treybotdrne cbj vbaéoujd0 trehsnonÿhuhe qubtrehsnonÿh sb aeob ibcnehtb uhe peråkdje tehgbhtb e jds cds pbhcnbhtbs sb oruzeh. Bste ourve cb trehsnonÿh sb jjeie eoubrcd vbroej, y vnbhb cbhnce pdr su peråibtrd ld (@v), bj ouej rbjeondhe je verneonÿh cbj pbhcnbhtb odh bj rbodrrncd sbgüh je rbjeonÿh J9] x @v. Je epjnoeonÿh cb bste fÿriuje y je odhcnonÿh cb tehgbhtb e jds pbhcnbhtbs rbotds qub odhuybh ce odid odhsboubhone o dhsboubhone qub je jdhgntuc tdtej cb bstb treid cb eoubrcd sbe cb J9@v x ñ, snbhcd ñ bj vejdr eksdjutd cb je cnfbrbhone ejgbkrenoe, bh tehtd pdr uhd, cb jds rbspboves pbhcnbhtbs qub odhuybh ej åhgujd cdhcb sb odjdoe bj eoubrcd. Je leonÿh cbj peråibtrd @v cbpbhcb cb je vbjdoncec cb onroujeonÿh e odhsncbrer bh bj prdybotd, pdrqub bj feotdr qub cbtbrinhe je fdrie cb je peråkdje bs je cnstehone cb vnsnknjncec, je ouej bs prdcuotd cbj bipd cb rbeoonÿh ehtb je prbsbhone cb uh dkståoujd pdr je vbjdoncec. Bh jes suobsnves Nhstruoondhbs cb trezecd cb oerrbtbres qub ae ncd eprdkehcd bj Inhnstbrnd cb Fdibhtd bspeõdj sb leh jds vejdrbs cb bstb @v, sbgüh sb tretb cb eoubrcds oÿhoevds d odhvbxds, bh fuhonÿh cb bse vbjdoncec. _n sb bhb bh oubhte qub je jdhgntuc cbj eoubrcd bs fuhonÿh cbj vejdr cbj peråibtrd, y sb ecdptereh jds vejdrbs qub je nhstruoonÿh rbodinbhce, sb hbobsnteréeh treids cb eoubrcd vbroej qub fåonjibhtb douperéeh oesn cds ouecres odhsbouves cbj Bhsehoab cb Kerobjdhe, d cb dtrds ehåjdgds, prdcuonbhcd uhe sntueonÿh odipjnoece pdrqub, euhqub je verneonÿh cb pbhcnbhtb jdhgntucnhej hd bs iuy eprbonekjb e snipjb vnste, bj cbshnvbj trehsvbrsej prdcuonrée oeiknds rbjbvehtbs e jd jergd cb jes eobres. ]dr bsd, teipdod subjbh sbr cb epjnoeonÿh e jes oejjbs jds vejdrbs cbj peråibtrd cbj eoubrcd rbodibhcecds bh je Nhstruoonÿh, iåxnib sn sb bhb bh oubhte je cnoujtec cb iehtbhbr je cnstehone cb vnsnknjncec bh jes odhcnondhbs cbj tråod urkehd (cnstehone qub hdriejibhtb sb jjbherée cb dtrds odoabs, y, bh odhsboubhone, sb rbcuonrée). Bh jds pbrjbs jdhgntucnhejbs cb jes oejjbs cb je onucec aey eoubrcds vbroejbs, pbrd sdh iuoad iås rbcuoncds, y sb leh iås pdr rezdhbs cb odhfdrteknjncec bh je odhcuoonÿh y treybotdrne cb jds vbaéoujds. ]dr odhtre, bj bhoelb gbdiîtrnod cb je resehtb cb uhe oejjb bhb iås cnoujtec qub je qub sb rbqunbrb pere oerrbtbres. Je rbprbsbhteonÿh bh ejzecd, d je gbdibtrée jdhgntucnhej, sb tbhcrée qub aeobr pere oece uhd cb jds kdrcnjjds y hd sdjds pere jds blbs cbj vnej, fuhceibhtejibhtb bh jds oruobs, cdhcb sb prdcuobh jes trehsnondhbs cb ecepteonÿh cbj pbrj jdhgntucnhej cb uhe oejjb odh bj trehsvbrsej cb jd qub etrevnbse. Bsd jjbve e rbodibhcer qub sb odiprubkb bj kdikbd prdcuoncd bh bj oruob, qub sb odhvnbrtb bh je odhcnonÿh iås nipdrtehtb cb je cbhnonÿh gbdiîtrnoe cbj ejzecd. Bxnstbh tîohnoes cb rbprbsbhteonÿh (cbhdinheces grbcnhg), qub odhsnstbh bh oejoujer tdces jes odtes rbsujtehtbs cbj kdrcnjjd y cb sus rngdjes d kehces cb eodipeõeinbhtd pere crbhelb. Odh bse tîohnoe, sb pertb cb odtes cb jes eobres cbcuonces cbj pbrj jdhgntucnhej cb je oejjb y cb jds kdikbds trehsvbrsejbs prbvnstds0 y cb bste iehbre sb pubcb cbtboter tehtd bj sbhcd cb jes egues odid jds pbrjbs jdhgntucnhejbs rbsujtehtbs bh jds rbodrrncds cb jes eobres, jds ouejbs sbråh supbrndrbs qub jds cb jds blbs cb jes oejjbs, pdrqub tbhcråh ibhds rbodrrncd0 uhe vbz oejo oejoujecds ujecds bstds sb vubjvb aeone etrås elustehcd je resehtb cbj oruob. Aey qub tbhbr bh oubhte qub jes sboondhbs trehsvbrsejbs cb jes oejjbs sb cnsbõeh odh kdikbds trehsvbrsejbs aeone jes rngdjes pere bj crbhelb cb egues, odh pbhcnbhtbs suevbs qub subjbh sbr cbj ;% y odh uh vejdr iéhnid cbj 5% (pere bvnter bikejsbs). Je oejjb pubcb tbhbr, bh ejgüh treid, kdikbd e uh sdjd jecd, y bh bstb oesd je rngdje cbj jecd supbrndr esuib je snipjb fuhonÿh cb odhtbhonÿh y drcbh pbrd hd prbonse cb nikdrhejbs. ]ere feonjnter je trehsnonÿh cb resehtb bh jds oruobs, cdhcb pubcb aekbr uhe oejjb trehsvbrsej qub oruob prdvdoehcd uhe fubrtb pbhcnbhtb aeone uh jecd, bs odrrnbhtb ejtbrer, cb fdrie prdgrbsnve, bj kdikbd trehsvbrsej bh bj treid ehtbrndr ej oruob, cb iehbre qub uhe oejjb odh sboonÿh hdriej cb oejzece odh pbhcnbhtb cbj ;% e cds egues pesb e tbhbr prnibrd uhe sboonÿh oesn pjehe aeste je intec je oejzece y iehtbhge bj ;% bh je dtre intec, pere jjbger ej oruob odh

 

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pbhcnbhtb uhnfdrib e uh insid jecd0 trehsnonÿh cb sboonÿh trehsvbrsej qub sb pubcb aeobr teh sÿjd bh qunhob ibtrds cb rbodrrncd. Cb bste iehbre, bj pbrj jdhgntucnhej cb je oejjb qub sb etrevnbse bhb qub eodrce eod rcersb rsb e je sboonÿh sboonÿh trehsvbr trehsvbrsej sej cb je oejjb oejjb etr etrevb evbsec sece0 e0 bjj bjjd d supdhb supdhb hbobsn hbobsncec cec cb ejt ejtbre brerr bj pbrj pbrj jdhgntucnhej cb je prnibre, cb fdrie qub hd sbe supbrndr ej ?% bh bstb juger, qub sbrå je pbhcnbhtb trehsvbrsej iåxnie bh je sbguhce. ]dr bsd, hd bs odhvbhnbhtb iehtbhbr je pbhcnbhtb odhhue cb uhe oejjb inbhtres oruze e dtres, e ibhds qub bse pbhcnbhtb sbe nhfbrndr ej ? %0 bstd qunbrb cbonr qub aey qub nhtbroejer vbroejbs bh bj pbrjcbjdhgntucnhej cb je oejjbsb prnhonpej pjetefdries odh bj cb pbhcnbhtb y sus rbspbovds eoubrcds trehsnonÿh, jds ouejbs rbodinbhce qub tbhgeh su?% tehgbhone cb nhnond bh bj jéintb cbj oruob cb jes oejzeces, odid sb iubstre bh gråod ecluhtd. Bs uh brrdr frboubhtb cbj pjehbeinbhtd urkehésod bsier jes resehtbs cb jes oejjbs e perr cb jes odtes cb jds blbs ej oruzersb, snh tbhbr bh oubhte je dpbreonÿh cb elustb ontece. Bstes dksbrveondhbs iubstreh, uhe vbz iås, jes cnfbrbhones cb je odhobponÿh cb jes resehtbs cb jes oejjbs odh rbspbotd e jes bieheces cb jes tîohnoes cb oerrbtbres. Odid teiknîh sb odiprubke bh bj aboad cb qub bh jes nhodrpdreondhbs cb oerrnjbs bh îstes sb elusteh aeonbhcd odnhoncnr curehtb uh treid odiüh jds pbhcnbhtbs cb jes cds treybotdrnes qub odhuybh, inbhtres qub jes oejjbs sb elusteh hd sdkrb jes treybotdrnes cb jds vbaéoujds snhd nhnonehcd bj pbhcnbhtb cb je oejjb qub odhuyb e perr cb je pbhcnbhtb trehsvbrsej cb je oejjb cb je ouej pertb. Esé pubs, bj bhtdrhd urkehd bstekjbob uhes rbgjes prdpnes qub efboteh e je gbdibtrée cbj bspeond cb onroujeonÿh y qub sdh cnfbrbhtbs cb jes tîohnoes cb oerrbtbres. Hd sdh teh sÿjd jes qub sb aeh odibhtecd, snhd qub sb pubcb aekjer cb dtrds espbotds bh qub jes rbodibhceondhbs cb oerrbtbres hd pubcbh sbr cb epjnoeonÿh e je onucec0 sb aeob rbfbrbhone e bjjds e odhhueonÿh. Jes hdries cb oerrbtbres bxngbh ehoaures cb oerrnjbs cb ?,2 i y ecintbh, bxobpondhejibhtb, ?,;2 i bh subjd ?,;2 subjd urkehd urkehd.. Ojerd Ojerd bstå bstå qub bstes bstes rbodib rbodibhce hceond ondhbs hbs sdh pere pere vées vées bspbon bspbonejn ejnzec zeces, es, odh rbqubrninbhtds oesn cb oerrbtbre cbscdkjece, ouehcd etrevnbseh je onucec, pbrd hd bhbh qub sbr uh rbfbrbhtb pere dtres vées urkehes. Bh je onucec, jds oerrnjbs cb onroujeonÿh bhbh ehoaures bh tdrhd e ;,2 e ;,72, pdrqub cb sbr ieydrbs pdsnknjnteréeh qub ejguhds vbaéoujds eprdvboaereh jds bspeonds cb sbpereonÿh bhtrb bht rb vbaéou vbaéoujds jds pere pere ecdpte ecdpterr treybo treybotdr tdrnes nes snhuds snhudses es cb onr onrouj oujeon eonÿh ÿh jjb jjbhes hes cb rnbsgd rnbsgd y gbhbre gbhbrecdr cdres es cb odhnotds, ecbiås cb sbr oeuse cb uhe rbcuoonÿh cb je oepeoncec. Ojerd bstå qub bste rbodibhceonÿh hd bhb vejncbz pere jds oerrnjbs cbshecds e eutdkusbs y oeindhbs, qub hbobsnteh ehoads ieydrbs, cb bhtrb ?,== y ?,2 i0 euhqub teiknîh aey qub tbhbr bh oubhte bj hüibrd tdtej cb oerrnjbs bh je oejzece, pdrqub bh vées pbqubões, cb uhd d cds oerrnjbs, sb tbhcrå qub cbler uh ehoad jngbreibhtb ieydr pere prdtbgbr jes kehces jetbrejbs cb pbetdhbs. Dtre cnfbrbhone, sdkrb je qub bxnstbh pdsnondhbs iås odhtrdvbrces, bs je hbobsncec d hd cb cnspdhbr erobhbs cb perece y prdtboonÿh bh jes vées prnhonpejbs cb je onucec. Ojerd bstå qub bh uhe oejjb hdriej cb je rbc kåsnoe cb je onucec hd perbob qub tbhgeh iuoad sbhcd, cecd qub uh vbaéoujd evbrnecd pubcb sbr odhcuoncd fåonjibhtb e oejjbs trehsvbrsejbs0 pbrd je cnsousnÿh eperbob bh bj oesd cb jes vées bspbonejnzeces cb ejte oepeoncec bh je onucec. Bh je onucec cb Kerobjdhe sb dptÿ pdr hd odhstrunr jds rbgjeibhternds erobhbs bh sus [dhces, e pbser cb sbr eutîhoes eutdpnstes urkehes, y sb jds sustuyÿ pdr pbqubões kehces cb prdtboonÿh rbieteces bh uhe rnkbre ecdsece ej iurd (odh uh ehoad tdtej =,72 i). Bste ibcnce ae sncd iuy ornoece, pdr jds odhnotds qub doesndhe bh oesd cb vbaéoujds evbrnecds, qub nhojusd odjdoåhcdsb sdkrb bste prdtboonÿh nhvecbh bj oerrnj, y euhqub bste nhvesnÿh sdjd efbotb e uh ehoad cb bhtrb =,72 i y 5i, îstb aboad pubcb prdcuonr uhe onroujeonÿh ibhds unce. ]brd jd onbrtd bs qub ieydr nhtbrfbrbhone pjehtberée je bxnstbhone cb uh eroîh, ujnzecd e ibhucd odid pnste cb ‚eteld’ pdr odhcuotdrbs nipeonbhtbs y qub hd sngubh jes rbgjes cb onroujeonÿh. Ouehcd sb ehejnze îste odid uhe dhce onroujetdrne pubcb prdkersb odid jd qub iås rbste oepeoncec e uhe vée bs bj cbsdrcbh onroujetdrnd. Bh rbsuinces oubhtes, jes odhcnondhbs gbdiîtrnoes qub sb bxngbh bh bj bspeond pere vbaéoujds bh je onucec bhbh qub tbhbr bh oubhte jds ?.6 ;> rbqubrninbhtds cb su nhsbronÿh bh je onucec, y bsd nipjnoe oeiknds cb odhobponÿh bh ejguhds cb jds peråibtrds qub rngbh bj cnsbõd cb jes oerrbtbres. Bj Inhnstbrnd cb Fdibhtd bspeõdj ae pukjnoecd uhes [bodibhceondhbs pere Vées urkehes qub sb jninteh e pjehtber vbjdoncecbs cb prdybotd iås keles, odh bj h cb cnsinhunr jds vejdrbs cb jds peråibtrds. Hd bs îste je sdjuonÿh iås ecbouece, snhd tbhbr

 

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bh oubhte quî peråibtrds sdh cb epjnoeonÿh e jds ibcnds urkehds y ouåjbs hd. Hd dkstehtb, ecdpter vbjdoncecbs cb prdybotd nhfbrndrbs bh je onucec bs uhe kubhe pråooe odipjbibhterne, cecd qub jds bstucnds cb tbdrée cb onroujeonÿh iubstreh, ibcnehtb ourves cb vbjdoncecnhtbhsncec, qub je oepeoncec cb uhe vée bhb bj insid vejdr pere cds vbjdoncecbs cnfbrbhtbs, uhe ejte (quî sb subjb tbhbr bh oubhte bh jds prdybotds cb oerrbtbres) y uhe iås kele prdpne cb je onucec, cdhcb je drcbh bh je onroujeonÿh bs iås boez qub je vbjdoncec. Nhojusd, bj odhobptd cb "peonoeonÿh" cbj tråhsntd, nhtrdcuoncd pdr jes pdjéoes eotuejbs cb rbgujeonÿh cb cb cnsbõd je onroujeonÿh rdcece bs odabrbhtb odhbste bste dponÿh cb bvnter vbjdoncecbs bxobsnves odid peråibtrd cb vées bh bj ibcnd urkehd. Odh hejncec, sb ae gbhbrecd bj odhobptd cb "oejjb d årbe ?=", ye ibhondhecd0 odid bspeonds cdhcb sb nhtrdcuobh bjbibhtds snods cb drcbheonÿh odh bj h cb rbcuonr je vbjdoncec cb onroujeonÿh e bste onfre. Bj pbetÿh y bj vbaéoujd iehbhbh sus bspeonds cnfbrbhonecds, pbrd equîj pubcb oruzer bh ouejqunbr puhtd snh prdkjbies, greones e je pdoe vbjdoncec cbj odoab. Jes ibcnces cb drcbheonÿh cb bstb bspeond sdh verneces, y jes iås ujnzeces sdh jes sngunbhtbs< - Oruobs cb prndrncec nhvbrce, e h cb qub sbe bj vbaéoujd bj qub rbidhtb je fele pdr je ouej oruze ej pbetÿh, odh rbcuoonÿh rbcuo onÿh cb je vbjdoncec cbj vbaéoujd. - Nhtrdcuoonÿh Nhtrdcuoonÿh cb kehces kehces rugdses d cb pbqubõds pbqubõds bjbveondhbs bjbveondhbs bh je oejzece odh bj h cb rbcuonr je vbjdoncec. - [dtdhces, nhojusd cb pbqubões cnibhsndhbs, bh jds oruobs, qub dkjngeh e pereces cb jds vbaéoujds. - Bstrboaeinbhtds puhtuejbs cb je oejzece pere cbler pesd teh sÿjd e uh vbaéoujd, vbaéo ujd, odse qub dkjnge ej qub vnbhb bh sbhcd sbhcd odhtrernd e perer. perer. - Oeiknds krusods cb ejnhbeonÿh ejnhbeonÿh cb je oejjb, e vbobs nhtrdcuonbhcd kehces cb eperoeinbhtd d eipjnehcd jes eobres, d odjdoehcd uhe sbõejnzeonÿh cb qub je onroujeonÿh hd bs prndrnterne. Bj sbguhcd bjbibhtd ej qub sb ae aboad rbfbrbhone odid abrreinbhte pere je drgehnzeonÿh bspeonej cb je oejjb bstå odhstuncd pdr bj odhluhtd cb bjbibhtds snods qub sb ujnze odid sbperecdrbs cb bspeonds bspbonejnzecds0 bjbibhtds qub cbtbrinheh jéintbs cbhtrd cb je oejjb, odid jds kdrcnjjds, jes rngdjes, jes rbles, jes kerehces, jds iurds, jes bsoejbres y tehtds dtrds. Bh gbhbrej, ouehtds ibhds bjbibhtds sbperecdrbs cb bspeonds tbhge je oejjb, iås sb fdibhte je ibzoje cb usds cb bjje, e ibhds qub bj bspeond bstî teh drgehnzecd pere bj odoab qub îstb sb epdcbrb cb tdcd. ]ere cnstrnkunr bj bspeond sb hbobsnte pdod iås qub kdrcnjjds, tehtd pere je oehejnzeonÿh cbj crbhelb odid pere je sbpereonÿh cb pevnibhtds, euhqub hdriejibhtb odh je eyuce cb jds dtrds cds pds cb abrreinbhtes qub sb odibhteh cbspuîs. ]dr odhtre, ouehcd sb ae rbourrncd e vejjes y bjbibhtds cb sbpereonÿh tdtej cb bspeonds, je oejjb sb ae odhvbrcd bh uh bspeond iej drgehnzecd, cdhcb jds usuernds nhtbhteh sejver, odh rnbsgd, bstds dkståoujds bh su usd cbj bspeond pükjnod, odid sb pubcb dksbrver bh je gure ecluhte. Hdriejibhtb, jds kdrcnjjds sbpereh je oejzece pere vbaéoujds cb jes eobres pere pbetdhbs, sntuåhcdjes bh odtes cb ejture cnfbrbhtbs, odid bjbibhtd cb prdtboonÿh cb îstds üjids. ]dr bsd bhbh fdries cb pbjceõd, odh uhe oere vnste qub pbrintb je trehsnonÿh cb ejtures. ]brd îste hd bs je ühnoe hejncec, pdrqub teiknîh sb ujnzeh pere odhtbhbr pertbrrbs vbrcbs, bspeond cb bstehone d cb lubgd, sbhcbrds cb brre, bto. Bj kdrcnjjd sb bhb qub ecepter e je pdsnknjncec cb qub jds vbaéoujds sukeh bh cbtbrinhecds jugerbs, odid sdh vecds cb pesd cb gerelbs d jds cb oruob cb pbetdhbs. _dh iuoaes jes sdjuondhbs pere odhstrunr bstds vecds, e vbobs odhsnstbh bh uhe cbprbsnÿh peronej cb je eobre d teh sÿjd cbj kdrcnjjd, y ye sdh cb usd aekntuej jes pnbzes prbfekrnoeces pere sbr idhteces odipdhnbhcd uh vecd prbvneibhtb hdriejnzecd pere tdce je onucec. Jes sdjuonÿh e ecdpter cbpbhcb tehtd cbj ehoad cb je eobre, bh je ibcnce qub bsds vecds pubcbh supdhbr uhe nhtbrruponÿh cb je pjetefdrie cb je eobre y cb jds rbodrrncds cb sus usuernds, odid cb je prdpne odipdsnonÿh qub sb qunbre pere je oejjb. Hd snbiprb bs niprbsonhcnkjb uh vecd, y tdce je bsqunhe pubcb cbshersb e vecd uhnbhcd cds eobres odhubhtbs bh bj oruob odh hnvbj cbprnincd ej b je oejzece, odh je vbhtele qub sb eipjée bj recnd cb gnrds cb jds vbaéoujds, pdrqub pubcbh pnser, bxobpondhejibhtb, bsb bspeond cbshecd e jds pbetdhbs. Nhojusd, oece vbz sb pdhb iås etbhonÿh e bvnter qub jds pbetdhbs sukeh y kelbh bh uh oruob, ujnzehcd uh insid hnvbj bh bj oruob pere jes oejzeces, oejzeces, jes cbhdinhec cbhdinheces es ibcnehes cb sbpereonÿh sbpereonÿh cb onroujeondhbs onroujeondhbs y jes eobres cb jes bsqunhes. Bh ouejqunbr oesd, je sbpereonÿh cb hnvbjbs bhtrb bspeonds cbshecds e cnfbrbhtbs fuhondhbs urkehes sb bhb qub rbieroer odh uhe ujnzeonÿh ecbouece cb jds bjbibhtds vbroejbs cb sbõejnzeonÿh, cbj ejuikrecd y cb jes pnbzes cbj idknjnernd urkehd, tej odid sb odibhte iås ecbjehtb. Rhe

 

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fuhonÿh ehåjdge cb sbpereonÿh bhbh jes feles cb pevnibhtd odhstrunces odh pnbzes prbfekrnoeces cb adringÿh, useces odid sbperecdrbs cb fuhondhbs, b nhojusd odh pbrjbs cb ejuinhnd d cb anbrrd nhorustecds bh je eobre. Je nhtrdcuoonÿh cb dtrds bsoejdheinbhtds bh bj bspeond urkehd sb bhb qub aeobr odh iuoad ouncecd, y bh oesd aey qub rbodrcer qub iuoaes vbobs supdhbh, tercb d tbiprehd, tbhbr qub odjdoer kerehcnjjes cb prdtboonÿh cbj cbshnvbj, quî sn hd aeh bstecd pbhseces cbscb bj prnhonpnd, pubcbh cbtbrndrer je odipdsnonÿh cbj bspeond. _n bs pdsnkjb, rbsujte iås boez rbourrnr e lubgds cb pbhcnbhtbs, e pertbrrbs nhojnhecds y e reipes cb yeodipeõeinbhtd. Jds jéintbs bhtrb cnfbrbhtbs bspeonds, fuhceibhtejibhtb oejzeces pere vbaéoujds bspeonds pere pbetdhbs, pbrd teiknîh cb dtrds, pubcbh vbhnr cbhncdsbhtrb pdr bjbibhtds cb idknjnernd urkehd, odhobptd cbhtrd cbj ouej sb nhojuybh teiknîh jds bjbibhtds supbronejbs cb jes rbcbs rbcbs cb sbrvno sbrvnonds nds,, odid odid ferdje ferdjes, s, sbiåfd sbiåfdrds rds,, sbõejb sbõejbs, s, rbgnst rbgnstrds rds,, bto. bto. Je odipds odipdsnonÿ nonÿh h cb bstds bstds bjbibhtds hbobsnte ae cb sbr prdcuotd cb uh drcbh cb odhluhtd, vnste je oehcec cb bjjds qub sb pubcb eouiujer sdkrb je oejjb, drcbh sb epdye teiknîh je odipdsnonÿh fdriej cb je oejjb. Ferdjes, sbõejbs, pdstbs, kehods, lercnhbres, odjuihes cb pukjnoncec, bto. sdh bjbibhtds rbpbvds qub pubcbh eyucer e sbperer bspeonds, e cnfbrbhoner jugerbs, e prdtbgbr uhds pds cb usd cbj bspeond cb dtrds. Aey dtrds bjbibhtds, odid kuzdhbs, oeknhes, perecds cb trehspdrtb pükjnod, fubhtbs, odhtbhbcdrbs cb kesures, quî sb subjbh odjdoer sdjd bh pdods jugerbs, pbrd bsb insid aboad pubcb eyucer e oetbgdrnzer bspeonds snhgujerbs cb je oejjb. _b ecluhteh ejguhds blbipjds cb drcbh fdriej cb oejjbs odhsbguncd ibcnehtb bj usd cb bstds bjbibhtds. Rhe odipdsnonÿh cb bjjds pbhsece odhluhteibhtb odh je cbj erkdjecd bs uh nhstruibhtd iuy üj pere je drgehnzeonÿh cbj bspeond cb je oejjb, pere je uhnoeonÿh cbj treteinbhtd cb oejjbs cb uhe insie treie d cb uh insid kerrnd0 y, e kubh sbgurd, bh uh futurd prÿxnid, ejoehzeråh uhe fuhonÿh nipdrtehsnie pere cnfbrbhoner jds pds cb rbcbs urkehes odh qub sb bhoubhtre bj onucecehd, sdkrb tdcd pbhsehcd cbscb jes cbtbrinheondhbs cb cnfbrbhoneonÿh y lbrerquée cb vées bj qub aeh cb bstekjbobr jds pjehbs cb idvnjncec urkehe, odid sb odibhte bh oepétujds pdstbrndrbs. Je dtre abrreinbhte cb drcbheonÿh cbj bspeond pükjnod cb je onucec bs je ujnzeonÿh cb cnfbrbhtbs pds cb ietbrnejbs pere prdcuonr tbxtures cn cnvb vbrs rses es bh su suss cn cnfb fbrb rbht htbs bs supb supbr ron onbs bs ou oueh ehcd cd sb qunb qunbre re qub qub îste îstess sb cbs cbshb hbh h odh pr prnd ndrn rnce cec c e uh cbtbrinhecd usd d, nhojusd, ouehcd sb cbsbb qub sbeh cb usd odipercd. Bj bspeond pükjnod cb je onucec sb drcbhe, pubs, teiknîh ibcnehtb je cnfbrbhoneonÿh supbronej bstekjbonce pdr bj treteinbhtd cbj subjd, pdr jes tbxtures y jds odjdrbs cb sus ietbrnejbs, qub bj onucecehd ncbhoe odh bspeonds cbshecds e cnfbrbhtbs pds cb usuernds. ]evnibhtds cnvbrsds qub, pdr dtre pertb, bhbh qub rbspdhcbr tîohnoeibhtb e jds bsfubrzds y e jes sdjnonteondhbs e qub bsteråh sdibcds. ]ere bsd, aey uhds pds cb pevnibhtds iås ecbouecds e uhes fuhondhbs qub dtrds0 jds cb jes oejzeces subjbh sbr pevnibhtds odhhuds bxnkjbs, bhtrb jds qub bs oesn dihnprbsbhtb bj egjdibrecd esfåjod, pbrd qub bipnbze e qubcer jnintecd e jds bspeonds e jds qub sb prbtbhcb rbstrnhgnr je fuhonÿh cb onroujeonÿh0 ej ibhds bh hubstrd peés, cdhcb je tbipbreture hd aeob rbodibhcekjb jes eobres cb esfejtd qub bhbh bh dtrds peésbs burdpbds. Jds pevnibhtds régncds, ouyd erqub erq ubpd pd bs bj cb adring adringÿh, ÿh, trehsi trehsintb ntbh h bh bj tbrrb tbrrbhd hd uhe cbfdri cbfdrieon eonÿh ÿh ibhdr ibhdr qub jes bxnkj bxnkjbs bs cb egjdibrecd esfåjod, pdrqub su bstruoture jbs pbrintb eksdrkbr tbhsndhbs bh fdrie cb bxdtreoonÿh, pbrd aeh qubcecd rbjbgecds e oejjbs cb ibhds tråod d e jes eobres. Hd bxnstb uhe rezÿh ojere qub lusqub bstb aboad, sn hd bs je feonjncec cb iehtbhninbhtd y rbfubrzd qub bhbh jds cb esfejtds, frbhtb cb je cureknjncec cb jds cb adringÿh, pbrd teiknîh aey qub tbhbr bh oubhte je hbobsncec cb rbpdsnonÿh tdtej bh oesd cb odjepsd bstruoturej cb bstds pevnibhtds cb adringÿh. _b pubcb aekjer cb dtres cnfbrbhones, odid je feonjncec cb rbpdsnonÿh bh oesd cb epbrture cb zehles d je ibldr ecabsnÿh cb jes pnhtures cb sbõejnzeonÿh, pbrd jd qub rbvnstb ieydr nipdrtehone bs bj aboad cbj vejdr sbiåhod qub bhbh pere jds usuernds, qub aeobh uhe jboture cnfbrbhtb cb jds bspeonds tretecds odh bstds ietbrnejbs. Jd Jdss pevn pevnib ibht htds ds cb adri adring ngÿh ÿh sb ujn ujnze zeh h iås iås bh bspe bspeond ondss cb usd usd iüj iüjpj pjb, b, od odh h bj h cb rbse rbsejt jter er je iujfuhondhejncec cb usd cb eobres cb uh onbrtd teieõd, euhqub frboubhtbibhtb rbqunbrbh cb odrtbs pdr prdkjbies frehles cb dtrd ietbrnej qub pbrintbh bstekjbobr ÿrcbhbs odipdsnvds cbj bspeond y cbhnr jds

 

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jugerbs cbshecds e dtres fuhondhbs. Bj adringÿh bs iås rbsnstbhtb e je ekresnÿh pdr brdsnÿh cb je bsodrrbhe supbronej cbj egue qub jds pevnibhtds kntuinhdsds, odid teiknîh e jds bfbotds cb jds eobntbs y oerkurehtbs, odse qub jd aeob iås ecbouecd pere kehces cb eperoeinbhtd, bh oejjbs cb fubrtb pbhcnbhtb, bh vées rurejbs d cb urkehnzeondhbs pbrnfîrnoes cb kele cbhsncec, y bs aekntuej bh oejjbs cbsheces e je odbxns odb xnstbh tbhone one cb fuhond fuhondhbs hbs.. _u ibldr ibldr vnr vnrtuc tuc bs je pdsnkn pdsnknjnc jncec ec qub bhb bhb cb tbhbr tbhbr cnvbrs cnvbrsds ds eoekec eoekecds ds supbronejbs, odh tbxtures iuy cnfbrbhoneces, nhojusd cb niprninr bh îj gures, odjdrbs b nhodrpdreonÿh cnfbrbhtbs cb årncds jes ibzojes0 tdcds bjjds qub, bh Aey oeiknd, bhbhdtrds uh rnbsgd bj cb su cnonjpds blbouonÿh qubbh pubcb prdvdoersupubstds su cbtbrndrd odh bj bipd. kestehtbs pdseõecncd< cb ribs, odid ecdqunhbs y jdses cb tdcd pd, cb adringÿh d nhojusnvb cb pnbcre heturej d eronej, qub subjbh sbr ecboueces oece uhd cb bjjds e uh cbtbrinhecd bspeond. ]brd bj ekusd bh je ujnzeonÿh cb ietbrnejbs cnfbrbhtbs pubcb odjekdrer e je odhfusnÿh sdkrb bj usd cbj bspeond pdr sus usuernds y e uh onbrtd cbsdrcbh bh je drgehnzeonÿh fdriej cbj bspeond, y bs odhvbhnbhtb rbsbrver jes odipdsnondhbs odipjbles pere bspeonds snhgujerbs. Jes jdses cb idrtbrd cb obibhtd odiprnincd, teh ujnzece ehtbs y ady cée rbjeveibhtb pdstbrgeces, bhbh je vbhtele cb su feonjncec cb odjdoeonÿh y rbpdsnonÿh, odse qub bxpjnoe su pbrsnstbhone bh hubstres onucecbs. Bh ouejqunbr oesd, hd aey qub djvncer qub uh pevnibhtd bs uhe bstruoture cb trehsnonÿh y cb rbpertd cb bsfubrzds aeone bj subjd heturej, y, pdr jd tehtd, bstå odipubstd cb cnvbrses oepes cb kesb odh rbqubrninbhtds cb bspbsdr y odipdsnonÿh pnoecds bh jds cnfbrbhtbs iehuejbs cb oåjoujd. Bj bspbsdr tdtej cbj rib sb ae cb odipeknjnzer odh jds rbqubrninbhtds cb pesd cb jds sbrvnonds suktbrråhbds, y, ej insid bipd, vnbhb cbtbrinhecd hd sdjd pdr su fuhonÿh rbsnstbhtb snhd teiknîh pdr jds rbqubrninbhtds cbj crbhelb cbj egue, je pbribeknjncec cbj subjd y je odhtbhonÿh bhtrb cnfbrbhtbs bjbibhtds cb sbpereonÿh cb bspe bspeon onds ds od odht htbh bhnc ncds ds bh je oejj oejjb. b. Ecbi Ecbiås ås,, je od odip ipds dsnon nonÿh ÿh supb supbr rone onejj cbj cbj bspe bspeon ond d bstå bstå sd sdib ibc cee e rbqubrninbhtds qub cbrnveh cb je nhstejeonÿh cb jds sbrvnonds, odse qub aeob qub iuoaes vbobs hd sbeh pdsnkjbs tdcds jds pds cb pevnibhtd. Bstds nhstruibhtds cb drcbheonÿh cbj bspeond pükjnod pubcbh perbobr pdods, pbrd subõd suonbhtbs pere gerehzer uhe drgehnzeonÿh cb bstb bspeond ej sbrvnond cb uh cbtbrinhecd prdgreie fuhondhej kusoecd pere oece oejjb0 prdgreie qub aey qub pjehtbersb cbscb tdces jes pbrspbov pbrsp boves es bxpubstes bxpubstes y, bh bspbonej, cbscb je pbrspbove pbrspbove qub ecdpte ecdpte bstb jnkrd< bster ej sbrvnond sbrvnond cb uhe cbtbrinhece pdjéoe cb idvnjncec qub hd djvncb jes dtres fuhondhbs qub bhb je oejjb odid bjbibhtd prnhonpej cbj bspeond pükjnod urkehd. Bs odhvbhnbhtb aeobr uhe üjie rbbxnÿh ehtbs cb ecbhtrerhds bh bj ehåjnsns cb jds cnfbrbhtbs blbipjds qub sb iubstreh bh bstb jnkrd, rbbxnÿh qub bhb qub vbr odh je odipdsnonÿh fdriej cb bsb bspeond pükjnod. Je onucec sb odhstruyb pdr eouiujeonÿh cb nhtbrvbhondhbs, bh uh prdobsd odhhud cb sustuonÿh cb sus bjbibhtds y cb rbhdveonÿh cb sus nhfrebstruotures, uhes nhfrebstruotures qub aeh orboncd sbgüh uh prdobsd odipjbld oereotbrnzecd pdr< uh prnibr eprdvboaeinbhtd cb jes rbcbs nhonpnbhtbs cb oeinhds y sbrvnonds prdpnes cbj bhtdrhd rurej qub je onucec doupe y ecepte bh su bxpehsnÿh, uhe pdstbrndr orbeonÿh cb rbcbs cb sbrvnonds urkehes , sbrvnonds qub sb aeh ncd nhvbhtehcd prdgrbsnveibhtb odh uhe oecbhone cb ;=-?= eõds, uh bsreinbhtd cb bstes rbcbs aeste su egdteinbhtd fuhondhej y, cbspuîs, dpbreondhbs puhtuejbs cb rbhdveonÿh tdtej cb ejguhes cb bjjes. Nhojusd, ouåhcd bstes dpbreondhbs cb rbhdveonÿh, cbhdinheces sejtds cb uikrej, aeh supubstd uh oeiknd cb drgehnzeonÿh snoe cbj bspeond eroujecd sdkrb jes rbcbs prninves, îstes hd aeh cbseperboncd cbj tdcd y aeh odhhuecd bxnsbhcd, odid odhhuncec cb jes hubves, bh bj bspeond cb jds ejrbcbcdrbs. Ady, greh pertb cb je fuhondhejncec cb jes rbcbs cb sbrvnonds sb kese sdkrb bstb aboad, odid jd prubke bj aboad cb qub je boeone cb jes hubves vées bspbonejnzeces cb tråod cbpbhcb cb je odhbxnÿh y je uncbz cb jes rbcbs sbouhcernes, d bj cb qub odjekdreh iås ej crbhelb urkehd jes oejjbs odhvbrces bspdråcnoeibhtb bh oehejbs cb egue qub iuoads iuo ads cb jds bjbib bjbibhtd htdss sdso sdsoecd ecdss cb nhtbro nhtbrobpo bponÿh nÿh cb egues. egues. Odh bste vns vnsnÿh nÿh cb grecue grecuejnc jncec ec y eouiujeonÿh, bhb sbhcd pjehtbersb je urkehnzeonÿh cb je oejjb y pbhser jes nhfrebstruotures odid jd qub sdh< sbrvnonds qub odjekdreh e je odhstruoonÿh y ej fuhondheinbhtd cb je onucec. Esé, sb pdcrå bhtbhcbr qub sdh iuoads jds hnvbjbs odh qub sb pubcb oukrnr uh sbrvnond cbtbrinhecd y iuy verneces jes sdjuondhbs tîohnoes cb cb urkehnzeonÿh0 odse qub odhvnbrtb bste terbe bh je odhsboubhone cb uh ehåjnsns bsibrecd cbj

 

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prdkjbie y hd bh uhe epjnoeonÿh ruherne cb sdjuondhbs pnoeces. Bste hdonÿh cb grecuejncec nipjnoe teiknîh bhtbhcbr je urkehnzeonÿh odid odhstruoonÿh prdgrbsnve cb onucec, y esé sb pubcb pjehtber hnvbjbs iås snipjbs, qub nråh vdjvnîhcdsb iås odipjblds bh bj futurd. ]brd teiknîh, qub greh pertb cb jes fuhondhbs qub sb bspbreh cb uh sbrvnond d odipdhbhtb cbtbrinhecd cb je oejjb keseh su boeone bh dtrds bjbibhtds d rbcbs qub sb ceh sdkrb bj insid bspeond pükjnod. Bj djvncd cb bstb aboad ae jjbvecd e uhe vnsnÿh bxojusnveibhtb cb pd fuhondhej cb jes rbcbs cb nhfrebstruotures, odid sb ae idstrecd ej rbinr bj cnsbõd je rbc e jds peråibtrds cb oerrbtbres, d ejcb odhobknr rbcbs cb sbrvnondsnipdrtehtbs bxojusnveibhtb cbscb jecbvnsnÿh cbvnej je oepeoncec, je vbjdoncec d jes pîrcnces bhbrgée,jes qub sdh bjbibhtds pere su fuhondhei fuhondheinbhtd, nbhtd, inbhtres inbhtres qub sb aeh pdstbrgecd jes dtres fuhondhbs fuhondhbs urkehes urkehes ehejnzeces ehejnzeces bh bj oepétujd oepétujd ehtbrndr. Jes odhsboubhones cb bste eotuc aeh sncd grevbs pere je onucec, prbonseibhtb pdr nghdrer bj aboad, ye odibhtecd, cb qub je drgehnzeonÿh supbronej cb je oejjb bs bj vbaéoujd odh quî sb bxprbse uhe cbtbrinhece vdjuhtec cb odipdsnonÿh, cb drcbh fdriej0 nhojusd odses iås snipjbs odid qub je njuinheonÿh bs bj odipjbibhtd cb bste odipdsnonÿh qub pbrintb rbsejter y snghnoer bspeonds curehtb je hdoab, y qub, e je vbz, su rbsujtecd bhb iuoad qub vbr odh je tbxture y bj odjdr cbj pevnibhtd, quî cbtbrinheh je krnjjehtbz d rbbld cb je juz, y tehtes y tehtes dtres nhtbrrbjeondhbs. ]drqub jes nhfrebstruotures odbxnstbh y sb odipjbibhteh sdkrb uh insid bspeond y odjekdreh e su odhstruoonÿh y fuhondheinbhtd. Rh bhfdqub ibreibhtb cb pd fuhondhej hd teh sÿjd ae kehejnzecd bj bspeond pükjnod urkehd snhd qub ae pbrin pbr incd cd uh cb cbspn spnjfe jferrd rrd cb rbours rboursds, ds, bh tîrinh tîrinhds ds bodhÿi bodhÿinod nodss y bodjÿgn bodjÿgnods ods00 odh nhf nhfreb rebstr struot uoture uress cnibhsndheces pere su sdjnonteonÿh iåxnie prbvnsnkjb, d sdjnonteonÿh bh puhte cb odhsuid, cb iehbre tej qub doupeh ekusnveibhtb bj bspeond rbqubrncd pdr dtres fuhondhbs y, qub, perecÿlnoeibhtb, e ibhucd hd fuhondheh ouehcd su sdjnonteonÿh bs iuy nhfbrndr, odid suobcb je ieydr pertb cbj bipd. Hd bs îstb bj juger pere bxtbhcbrhds sdkrb uh tbie cbj qub ye abids aekjecd bh dtrds jnkrds, pbrd sé qub bs odhvbhnbhtb rbodrcer ejguhes cb bstes nhtbrrbjeondhbs bh jes ouejbs sb fuhceibhte uhe urkehnzeonÿh iås sdstbhnkjb y reondhej cbj bspeond pükjnod. ]dr blbipjd, jes vbhteles pere uhe onroujeonÿh iås reondhej qub aeh idstrecd je ejtbreonÿh cb sbhcds cb tråod bh cbtbrinhecds pbrndcds cb bipd, qub eprdvboaeh jes rbcbs cb tbjbodiuhnoeonÿh d bjbotrÿhnoe, jes rbjeondhbs sbõejeces bhtrb pevnibhtds b njuinheonÿh, d bhtrb îste y je vbgbteonÿh, je pdsnknjncec cb ujnzer bj egue cb bsodrrbhe pere bj rnbgd, odh eadrrd cb odhcuoondhbs y ibldre cbj hnvbj frbåod cb je onucec, je odhvbhnbhone cb eprdvboaer jes egues prdobcbhtbs cbj veoneinbhtd tb tbip ipdr drej ej cb rbcb rbcbss cb ekes ekestb tbon onin inbh bhtd td cb egue eguess pere pere je jnjnip ipnb nbze ze cbj cbj ej ejoeh oehte tern rnjjjjec ecd, d, d od odht htrd rdje jerr bj fuhondheinbhtd y je oepeoncec cb bste rbc odh oekjbs cb tbjbodiuhnoeonÿh, y tehtes dtrds. Rh blbipjd, qub sb njustre bh je gure ecluhte, bs uhe kubhe iubstre cb bstb urkehnsid pbhsecd pere je odbxnstbhone cb fuhondhbs sdkrb je nhtbrrbjeonÿh bhtrb bjbibhtds cb je urkehnzeonÿh. Je onucec cb Sbabråh bstå sdkrb uh tbrrntdrnd cb nipjehteonÿh perbonce e je cb iuoaes cb hubstres onucecbs odstbres, sejvd su uknoeonÿh bh uhe ejte ibsbte nhtbrndr, uhe oecbhe idhteõdse je jninte ej hdrtb y jes egues qub prdvnbhbh cb bjje sdh prdcuotd cb uh rîgnibh cb evbhnces bspdråcnod y rbpbhhd, ehåjdgd ej hubstrd. ]ubs knbh, jes ertbrnes prnhonpejbs cb je onucec bhbh uh oehej cb egues qub sbpere jes eobres y je oejzece, y esé sb bvnteh jds prdkjbies cb nhvesnÿh cb eikds bspeonds0 y sb aeh odhstruncd prbses cb jeinheonÿh cb egues bh je idhteõe qub pbrintbh ejnibhter bsds oehejbs ej ibcndcée, odjekdrehcd ej orboninbhtd cbj erkdjecd y e uh cbsobhsd cb je tbipbreture eiknbhtej, eprbonekjb bh vbrehd. Je nhtbrrbjeonÿh bhtrb crbhelb, erkdjecd y drcbheonÿh cb jds odhnotds bhtrb pbetdhbs y odoabs snrvb pere uhe drcbheonÿh nhtbjngbhtb cbj bspeond, e je vbz qub eadrre odstdses nhstejeondhbs cb crbhelb cb egues cb jjuvne. Bs îstb bj bspérntu qub sb cbbhcb y qub bstå cehcd kubh rbsujtecd bh jds oesds bh jds quî sb ae kusoecd uhe drcbheonÿh cbj juger, uhe drgehnzeonÿh cb je oejjb, etbhte e tdces jes fuhondhbs qub sb rbqunbrbh, y, bhtrb bjjes, je cb uhe idvnjncec iås sdstbhnkjb. ]brd, bh bstb drcbh cb odses, aey qub epbjer nguejibhtb e je hbobsncec cb nhtrdcuonr bjbibhtds cb urkehnzeonÿh qub teiknîh bh oubhte jdsbspeond odstbs bodjÿgnods cb jds inbhtres qub,odid pdr cbsgreone, sb odhfuhcbtbhgeh cnghnoeonÿh cb uh odh ujnzeonÿh cbietbrnejbs ietbrnejbsujnzecds0 cb ejtd odstb bodjÿgnod bj eobrd, jes

 

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iecbres hdkjbs d bj grehntd. Je nhtrdcuoonÿh cb bste prbdoupeonÿh snghnoe ejtbrer je odhobponÿh qub prbcdinhe bhtrb hdsdtrds rbspbotd e je drcbheonÿh cb jds bspeonds pükjnods, y, pdr bj odhtrernd, nhtbgrer bjbibhtds y prdobsds heturejbs bh hubstrd ‚eronejnzecd’ bspeond urkehd, prbdoupeonÿh cb je ouej sdh iubstres ejguhds cb jds blbipjds qub iås ecbjehtb sb ehejnzeh bh bstb jnkrd. Sdce je rbbxnÿh qub odhbhb bstb jnkrd ve bh je jéhbe cb cbfbhcbr uhe ecboueonÿh cbj bspeond pükjnod, cb hubstres oejjbs, e uh usd iås sdstbhnkjb cbj trehspdrtb y e uhe etbhonÿh e dtres fdries cb idvnjncec0 pbrd je trehsfdrieonÿh hbobserne cb su drgehnzeonÿh fdriejiås sb bhb qub eprdvboaer pereynhtrdcuonr jds orntbrnds_b bxpubstds, qub ejguhds bhcbh e uh bspeond urkehd reondhej, iås auiehd cb ibhdrteiknîh odstb eiknbhtej. eodipeõeh blbipjds cb odipdsnonÿh cb bspeonds urkehds odhobkncds odh bste jdsde cb eprdvboaer jes rbjeondhbs bhtrb jds cnfbrbhtbs bjbibhtds odh qub ceh rbspubste e jds rbqubrninbhtds cb jds cnvbrsds sbrvnonds urkehds. Oehejbs cb bsodrrbhe cb egues usecds teiknîh pere je sbpereonÿh cb fuhondhbs y, ej insid bipd, pere ibldrer je auibcec cbj suksubjd y, pdr tehtd, cb je vnce vbgbtej0 tbxtures cb jds pevnibhtds odhodrcehtbs odh je rbbxnÿh cbsbece cb je juz, qub pbrintb rbcuonr jds hnvbjbs bincds pdr jes ferdjes, idknjnernd urkehd ujnzecd e su vbz odid bjbibhtd cb drcbheonÿh y, hejibhtb, uhe gbdibtrée vnej hd sdjd ej sbrvnond cb je idvnjncec cb pbrsdhes y vbaéoujds snhd teiknîh cb je prdpne odipdsnonÿh cbj bspeond. NV. ]JEHNFNOEONßH CB JE IDVNJNCEC CB_CB RHE ]B[_]BOSNVE CB _D_SBHNKNJNCEC ^ BURNCEC   Bj Jnkrd vbrcb cbj ibcnd ibcnd eiknbhtb eiknbhtb urkehd cb je Rhnÿh Burdpbe cbbhcb uhe onucec odipeote, odipeote, cnvbrse cnvbrse y inxte, cdhcb je ibzoje cb fuhondhbs bs je oereotbrésoe prnhonpej frbhtb e uhe onucec cnfuse, cdhcb jes cnfbrbhtbs eovncecbs sb egrupeh bh årbes bspbonejnzeces (odibrond, rbsncbhone, nhcustrne, dond, bto.). Bj prnibrd cb bstds idcbjds bhb uh odipdrteinbhtd fevdrekjb ej cbserrdjjd sdstbhnkjb, bh je ibcnce bh qub bs iås iås b bonb onbht htbb odh rbsp rbspbo botd td e je ujn ujnze zeon onÿh ÿh cb rbou rbours rsds ds ietb ietbrn rnej ejbs bs y bh bhbr brgî gîo ods ds,, inhn inhnin inze ze jds jds rbqubrninbhtds cb idvnjncec idtdrnzece y, sdkrb tdcd, bs ibhds nhtbhsnvd bh bj odhsuid cb subjd. Odh bj h cb ejoehzer uh idcbjd cb onucec sdstbhnkjb, bs hbobsernd eroujer cds espbotds obhtrejbs. Bj prnibrd bs ecbouer je cnstrnkuonÿh cb jes eovncecbs bh bj bspeond, tehtd rbsncbhonejbs odid cb sbrvnonds. Bj sbguhcd, treter cb dfrbobr ibcnds cb trehspdrtb sdstbhnkjbs odh bj h cb odhboter bstes eovncecbs. Sej odid ye bstå pjehtb pje htbecd ecd eotuej eotuejibh ibhtb, tb, bj ]jeh ]jeh cb idvnjn idvnjncec cec sdstbh sdstbhnkj nkjbb bstå bstå odhcno odhcnondh ndhecd ecd pdr je cnstrn cnstrnkuo kuonÿh nÿh cb jes eovncecbs qub bj ]jeh gbhbrej cb drcbheonÿh urkehe bhb qub cbtbrinher. Rhe snikndsns bhtrb pjeh urkehésod y pjeh cb trehspdrtbs ye sb odhorbtÿ bh bj ]jeh Gbhbrej cb Bstdodjid cb 5>2;, bh bj qub je prdpubste cb drgehnzeonÿh cb trehspdrtb bsteke esdonece ej pjeh urkehésod ej drgehnzer bj orboninbhtd cb je onucec sbgüh jes fdries qub nipdhée bj snstbie fbrrdvnernd cb je egjdibreonÿh. ]dr jd tehtd, uh pjeh cb idvnjncec sdstbhnkjb bhb qub sbr, ehtb tdcd, uh cdouibhtd cb rbbxnÿh sdkrb je fdrie cb orboninbhtd cb je onucec y bhb qub gbhbrer prdgrbsnves nhtbreoondhbs odh bj ]jeh gbhbrej cb drcbheonÿh urkehe. Bj bstucnd cbj pjeh cb idvnjncec sdstbhnkjb hd sb bhb qub onrouhsornknr e uh purd cdouibhtd cb lusoeonÿh y ecepteonÿh ej pjehbeinbhtd urkehésod. _n bj puhtd cb perce bs uhe onucec bxnstbhtb e rbbstruoturer, odh uh pjehbe pjehbeinb inbhtd htd ye eprdke eprdkecd, cd, jd qub aeob fejte fejte bs dfrbob dfrbobrr bjbib bjbibhtd htdss pere pere uhe rbbxn rbbxnÿh ÿh future future cb pjehbeinbhtd. Hd bs dklbtd cb bstb jnkrd ekdrcer je ibtdcdjdgée y bj odhtbhncd cb uh ]jeh cb Idvnjncec Rrkehe, sdkrb jd qub hds rbinids e dtrd jnkrd rbonbhtb5 . ]brd sn rbodrcer qub sdh ouetrd jds idcds cb idvnjncec e qub je onucec cbkb cb cer rbspubste odh ecboueonÿh ojere cbj bspeond vnernd ibcnehtb uhe urkehnzeonÿh ecbouece. Rh nhstruibhtd pbrhbhtb prbvnd e ouejqunbr ehåjnsns bs odhdobr knbh bj bspeond cdhcb sb prbtbhcb tresfdrier je urkehnzeonÿh cb je oejjb. Hd bs jd insid, pdr sus sdjnontucbs hn cbhsncec, je onucec obhtrej qub su pbrnfbrne. Esé, pdr blbipjd, bj Årbe Ibtrdpdjntehe cb Kerobjdhe bhb uh cnfbrbhtb rbpertd idcej sbgüh odrdhes. Bh je odipereonÿh Kerobjdhe-Odrdhe 5-Odrdhe ; sb dksbrve qub sb prdcuob uh prdgrbsnvd euibhtd cbj idcd vbaéoujd prnvecd sbgüh sb ejble cb je onucec ]brd tdcds bsds åikntds rbqunbrbh cb nhtbrvbhonÿh kusoehcd aeobrjds ibhds cbpbhcnbhtbs cbj vbaéoujd prnvecd, jd qub sbrå iuy feokjb bh bj obhtrd y iuoad ibhds bh jes pbrnfbrnes pdod cbhses cdhcb hd sb pubcb pjehtber trehspdrtb odjbovd boez, pdr su oerbse cb bxpjdteonÿh. ]rbonseibhtb, bj tbhbr bh oubhte bsobhernds ejoehzekjbs

 

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sdkrb bj rbpertd idcej bh oece åikntd bs bj nhcnoecdr prnhonpej cb uhe pdjéoe cb idvnjncec sdstbhnkjb. Bh sbguhcd juger, aeob fejte bvejuer ouåj bs je cnstrnkuonÿh bspeonej cb jds idvninbhtds odcnehds< rbsncbhonetrekeld, trekel d, rbsncbhone rbsncbhone-bqu -bqunpein npeinbhtds bhtds,, rbsncbhon rbsncbhone-odib e-odibrond, rond, y odh quî ibcnds ibcnds cb trehspdrtb trehspdrtb sb esbgureh. esbgureh. Cb bstb ehåjnsns, sb cbcuonrå sn je cnstrnkuonÿh cb bqunpeinbhtds bs je ecbouece pdr orntbrnds cb prdxnincec y sn sdh kubhds jds sbrvnonds cb trehspdrtb pükjnod y jds nhbrernds cb pbetdhbs y knonojbtes, Bh tbrobr juger, aeob fejte ehejnzer bj snstbie cb bspeonds pükjnods y bspeonds eknbrtds, y dksbrver sn bståh knbh odiuhnoecds pdr uhe rbc cb bh nhbrernds pbetdhbs y knonojbtes. Bhjes ouertd aey qub odiprdker sn bj fuhondheinbhtd cbj trehspdrtb vbaéoujdcb prnvecd bs odipekjb odh rbcbsjuger, cb nhbrernds cbhnces ehtbrndribhtb (pbetdhbs, knonojbte y trehspdrtb pükjnod) y sb cnspdhb, pdr jd tehtd, cb uh kubh snstbie cb fuhondheinbhtd. ]ere je cbhnonÿh cbj snstbie cb trehspdrtb bh vbaéoujd prnvecd aekrå qub cbhnr< - Rhe rbc vnej kåsnoe cb nhtbrodhbxnÿh cb jds kerrnds, qub sbe adidgîhbe y odh kubhe odhbxnÿh odh bj bxtbrndr. - Rh snstbie cb eperoeinbhtd qub pubce esbgurer je bjninheonÿh cb vbaéoujds sdkrb jes oejjbs pere pdcbr orber je rbc cb nhbrernds cb pbetdhbs, y uhe rdteonÿh cb oerge y cbsoerge bh jds obhtrds y jes årbes odibronejbs - Rh snstbie cb trehspdrtb cb ibroehoées odh pdtbhonejbs pjetefdries jdgésoes cb cnstrnkuonÿh urkehe Aeob fejte pjehtber, bh odhojusnÿh, uh snstbie cb dfbrte vnerne esdonecd e uh snstbie cb trehspdrtb sdstbhnkjb bh bj qub prnibh prnibh uhds snstbies snstbies sdkrb dtrds, dtrds, prnibrd prnibrd sb cbheh cbheh jes rbcbs cb nhbrernds nhbrernds dtres qub bj vbaéoujd prnvecd y, pdstbrndribhtb, sb odhtrestb sn odh bj bspeond rbstehtb bs pdsnkjb drgehnzer uh snstbie cb trehspdrtb bh vbaéoujd prnvecd cb fdrie ecbouece. Bh cbhnve, je epjnoeonÿh cb jds orntbrnds y iîtdcds cb trekeld ibhondhecds pubcbh eyucer e rbceoter ]jehbs cb Idvnjncec urkehe sdstbhnkjb, pbrd jd qub nipdrte odid rbsujt odid rbsujtecd ecd,, cbscb cbscb je pbrspb pbrspbov ovee cb drgehn drgehnzeo zeonÿh nÿh cbj bspeo bspeond nd pükjno pükjnod, d, bs qub hejib hejibhtb htb bstes bstes prdpubstes sb trecuzoeh bh uhe hubve drgehnzeonÿh cb je treie vnej urkehe. ]dr bsd, uhe vbz esuince je hbobsncec cb orber uhes rbcbs cb nhbrernds pere oece idcd sbgüh bj prnhonpnd cb nhcbpbhcbhone cb oece idcd bh je sboonÿh, odid ye cbhée Obrcí bh 512> bh su ]jeh cb [bfdrie y Bhsehoab cb Kerobjdhe, aerå fejte bstekjbobr uhds orntbrnds tdpdjÿgnods pere su cbhnonÿh. Jds prnhonpnds qub bhbh qub ouipjnr oece uhe cb jes rbcbs cb nhbrernds pere pbetdhbs, knonojbtes, trehspdrtb pükjnod y odjbovd cb supbronb y cb vbaéoujd prnvecd sdh jes prdpnes cb je tbdrée cb rbcbs y qub sb odhorbteh bh jds prnhonpnds cb odhbxnÿh, adidgbhbncec, odhbovncec, nhtbrodhbxnÿh y eoobsnknjncec. Bh bstb sbhcd, sbhcd, jes rbcbs< rbcbs< - Snbhbh Snbhbh qub pbrinr pbrinr je odhbxnÿh odhbxnÿh e tdcds jds puhtds cb gbhbreonÿh gbhbreonÿh y etreoonÿh etreoonÿh cb vnelbs cb je onucec - Snbhbh qub esbgurer uhe adidgbhbncec qub sb pubcb esdoner e uhe odhbovncec bjbvece odh bj h cb dfrbobr uhe kubhe cnstrnkuonÿh cb je idvnjncec - Snbhbh qub esbgurer je nhtbrodhbxnÿh odh jds dtrds idcds cb trehspdrtb - Snbhbh qub esbgurer je eoobsnknjncec bh jds bqunpeinbhtds odiuhnternds Rhe vbz sb aeh bskdzecd jes cnfbrbhtbs rbcbs cb nhbrernds aeob fejte odhtrester je odbxnstbhone cb idcds cb trehspdrtb bh bjjes. Bs oesn nipdsnkjb bspbonejnzer oece oejjb bh uh idcd cnfbrbhtb0 pdr jd tehtd, aekrå oejjbs bh qub qub od odbx bxns nsr råh åh cn cnfb fbrb rbht htbs bs idcd idcds. s. Bs bj oesd oesd cb kujb kujbve verb rbss od odh h eo eobr bres es ehoa ehoaes es,, qub qub pbri pbrint ntbh bh je odbxnstbhone cbj vbaéoujd prnvecd odh bj pbetÿh, odh hnvbjbs sdhdrds eobptekjbs. Bh bj oesd cbj trehspdrtb pükjnod sb bhbh qub prbvbr uhds oerrnjbs bspboéods, ouehcd bj tråod cb eutdkusbs sbe snghnoevd y/d je vbjdoncec odibronej qubcb pbhejnzece. Je cbonsnÿh cb jes oejjbs qub bhbh qub eodgbr bstds treybotds bs uhe cbonsnÿh ojevb pere bj futurd cbj trehspdrtb pükjnod cb je onucec. Ecbiås aey qub ehejnzer je odbxnstbhone bhtrb vbaéoujd prnvecd y knonojbte. Fnhejibhtb jd qub aerå fejte bs prbvbr qub je odbxnstbhone bhtrb pbetÿh y knonojbte sbe je ecbouece y, qub bh ejguhds oesds, dkjngerå e quî bh cbtbrinhecds blbs urkehds odh treybotds cb pbetdhbs cb nhtbhsncec cb usd snghnoevd, bxnsteh treybotds cb knonojbte pdr oejjbs ejtbrheves odh bj h cb esbgurer je vnejncec ecbouece bh knonojbte. Je nhtrdcuoonÿh cb orntbrnds ibcndeiknbhtejbs bh bj usd cbj bspeond pükjnod nipjnoe cer prndrncec e jds idcds bh trehspdrtb pükjnod, pbetdhbs y knonojbte, frbhtb ej idcd bh vbaéoujd prnvecd. ]dr tehtd, ouejqunbr nhtbrvbhonÿh sdkrb bj bspeond urkehd nipjnoe bjninher je prbsbhone cb vbaéoujds bh je oejjb y prdpdhbr uhes rbcbs cb nhbrernds cb jds hubvds idcds e pdtbhoner. Je

 

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trehsfdrieonÿh cbj bspeond urkehd odh je nhtrdcuoonÿh cb rbcbs cb idcds sdstbhnkjbs bxngb prbvneibhtb je jninteonÿh cbj eperoeinbhtd y je oerge y cbsoerge bh bj bspeond prdpneibhtb urkehd. Bh bj oesd cbj idcd bh vbaéoujd prnvecd, sb ae cbidstrecd qub je bjninheonÿh cb je prbsbhone cbj vbaéoujd prnvecd bh bj bspeond pükjnod hd vnbhb cbtbrinhece pdr uhe oubsÿh cb oepeoncec cb ulds, snhd iås knbh pdr bjninher je prbsbhone cb vbaéoujds eperoecds bh jes oejjbs, sbeh rbsncbhonejbs d odibronejbs, y pdr je gbsÿh cb jes zdhes cb oerge y cbsoerge. Bh je ibcnce bh qub uh tblncd bs oepez cb trespeser jds vbaéoujds cb je oejjb ej nhtbrndr cb ouecres, d bh bj oesd cb je oerge y cbsoerge, cb rbstrnhgnr su prbsbhone tbipdrej ej bspeond pükjnod e cbtbrinhecds adrernds, sbrå pdsnkjb euibhter je prbsbhone cb jds dtrds idcds iås sdstbhnkjbs. Ejguhds orntbrnds pere je rbc cb nhbrernds cb trehspdrtb pükjnod bh je supbronb Euh ouehcd sb odinbhob pdr rbsuinr jds rbqubrninbhtds bspeonejbs qub bhb uh snstbie boez cb eutdkusbs, y pdr tehtd cb cnsbõd cb jes oejjbs sdkrb jes qub sb epdye, y jubgd sb prdsnge odh bj insid blbronond pere nhbrernds cb pbetdhbs y cb knonojbtes, aey qub rbieroer qub bj iîtdcd hd sngub uh bsqubie jnhbej, snhd qub aey nces y vubjtes bhtrb jes rbcbs cb nhbrernds y je rbsdjuonÿh cbj snstbie cb trehspdrtb bh vbaéoujd prnvecd, sdkrb tdcd pdrqub îstds sb odipjnoeh ouehcd sb bhb bh oubhte je oerge y cbsoerge cb ibroehoées y jds snstbies cb eperoeinbhtd. Rhe rbc cb eutdkusbs cb ouejqunbr iuhnonpnd bstå fdriece pdr jéhbes cb eutdkusbs urkehds b nhtbrurkehds, ouehtd iås pbqubõe bs je onucec iås nipdrtehone bhbh bstds üjids. ]dr bsd sb rbodinbhce cbhnr, odid abrreinbhte cb trekeld, uh bsqubjbtd vnernd cb je onucec odh jds sngunbhtbs bjbibhtds< - jds prnhonpejbs blbs vnejbs cb je onucec, pdr cdhcb onroujeh jes jéhbes nhtbrurkehes qub odhboteh jds prnhonpejbs iuhnonpnds cbj årbe odhurkece. - jes oejjbs, pdr cdhcb onroujeh jes jéhbes urkehes qub odhboteh jds cnfbrbhtbs kerrnds cbj iuhnonpnd. - bj rbstd cb oejjbs prnhonpejbs qub hd eodgbh, hn perbobh prbonser cb bjjd, jéhbes cb trehspdrtb odjbovd. Cbsgreoneceibhtb, je ieydrée cb jds nhbrernds cb eutdküs hd bhb bhbh h uhe uhe odrrb odrrbsp spdh dhcb cbho hone ne od odh h je rbc rbc kåsn kåsnoe oe vner vnerne ne cb je on onuc ucec ec.. Iuoa Iuoaes es vbob vbobss do doup upeh eh oe oejjjjbs bs sbouhcernes, jd qub odipjnoe uhe jboture fåonj pdr onucecehd, rbcuonbhcd su usd. _n sb qunbrb euibhter bj pdrobhtelb cb usuernds cb trehspdrtb pükjnod, aeob fejte qub je rbc hd sbe uh purd eidhtdheinbhtd cb jéhbes cbsodhboteces jes uhes cb jes dtres. Je rbc prdpubste, sn qunbrb ibrbobr je cbhdinheonÿh cb rbc, bhb qub eyucer e lbrerqunzer bj snstbie vnej y cbhnr cds pds cb oejjbs< equîjjes sdkrb jds ouejbs onroujeh jds idcds iboehnzecds (vbaéoujd prnvecd y eutdküs) y jes dtres, pdr cdhcb onroujeh jds nhbrernds cb pbetdhbs y cb knonojbtes. Rh blbipjd cb rbdrgehnzeonÿh cb je rbc cb trehspdrtb pükjnod bs je rbidcbjeonÿh rbejnzece bh Ieterÿ (Kerobjdhe) bh bj ;==5, y qub nipjnoÿ uh oeiknd gjdkej cb je rbc, je ouej peseke cb sbr uhe suie jnintece cb jéhbes bh uhe rbc cb eutdkusbs adidgîhbe y odhbxe, ye qub ekeroeke tdcd bj tbrrntdrnd iuhn iu hnon onpe pej0 j0 od odhb hbo ove ve,, ye qub qub bste bstekj kjbo boée ée puht puhtds ds cb nhtb nhtbro rodh dhbx bxnÿ nÿh h bh bhtr trbb je jess cn cnfb fbrb rbht htbs bs jéjéhb hbes es od odh h odrrbspdhcbhones cb trespesd odrtes0 nhtbrodhbotece e jds dtrds idcds, y eoobsnkjb e je pdkjeonÿh pdr su fåonj jboture. _n sb qunbrb rbdrcbher uhe rbc cb trehspdrtb pükjnod cb supbronb bxnstbhtb, aey qub cbhnr uh bsobhernd bh bj ouej< - Jds pdjégdhds nhcustrnejbs bstîh odhbotecds ej obhtrd y e jds puhtds cb nhtbroeiknd idcej. - _b prdjdhgub bj ejergeinbht ejergeinbhtd d cb jéhbes aeste jds bspeonds bspeonds eknbrtds cb etreoonÿh bspbonej (obhtrds (obhtrds odibronejbs, bqunpeinbhtds sehnternds y bcuoevds, bto.). - _b prdpdhge orber uhe hubve jéhbe onroujer qub odhbotb jds kerrnds rbsncbhonejbs bhtrb bjjds y odh jes bsteondhbs nhtbrurkehes, cb kus d cb fbrrdoerrnj, cb bxnsr. - _b ecboub je rbc kåsnoe ej pesd cb jds eutdkusbs, odse qub dkjngerå rbejnzer eotueondhbs bh bj bspeond pükjnod. Esé, bh jes oejjbs odh iuoad tråod cb vbaéoujds qub pubceh cnoujter je onroujeonÿh cbj trehspdrtb odjbovd, sb bhbh qub prbvbr oerrnjbs kus e perr cb ;= onroujeondhbs bh je adre puhte d 5;= onroujeondhbs cnernes. Bh bste bstretbgne, aey qub epurer iuy knbh jes snhbrgnes bhtrb jes cnfbrbhtbs jéhbes, ye qub bj nhorbibhtd cb uh hubvd vbaéoujd rbprbsbhte uh greh bsfubrzd nhvbrsdr pere uh iuhnonpnd. ]dr bjjd sb prdpdhb je bjekdreonÿh cb uhes tekjnjjes cb dfbrte odh bj bsobhernd eotuej, bj hej, y uhds bsobhernds nhtbribcnds. ]ere oece uhd cb bjjds, aey qub oejoujer jes jdhgntucbs cb jéhbes, jes frboubhones y bj hüibrd cb eutd eu tdku kusb sbss hbobs hbobser ernd nds. s. bh Bstb Bstb pr prni nibr br oåjou oå nhtrehspdrtb none nejj bhb bhb odjbovd qub qub pbri pbrin nrr hbgd hbiås gdone oner r je od odh h je jess od odip ipeõ odhobsndhernes. Sîhgesb oubhte qub bj joujd usdjdcbjnhno cbpbhcb cb rbgujerncec y eõée cbées jes

 

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frboubhone, qub cbj aboad cb bxnsr uhe jéhbe cb je qub hd sb sekb ouehcd pese. Je ibldre cb frboubhones, jds snstbies cb odhtrdj qub gerehzeh je rbgujerncec, je ecboueonÿh cb sbiåfdrds urkehds pere gerehzer je vbjdoncec odibronej, je odhstruoonÿh cb pereces etreoves, y je nhfdrieonÿh urkehe sdkrb je rbc, sdh nhvbrs nhv brsndh ndhbs bs iuoad iuoad iås üjbs qub je odhstr odhstruoo uoonÿh nÿh cb hubves hubves jéh jéhbes bes.. _b eodipe eodipeõeh õeh bsqubi bsqubies es cb je rbdrgehnzeonÿh cb je rbc cb eutdkusbs urkehds cb Kerobjdhe, pbhsece iås pere je odkbrture qub sdkrb jéhbes pubrte e pubrte qub sdjd jjbveh e sus usuernds cb snbiprb. Odid sb vb, je frboubhone y bj nhtbroeiknd nhibcnetd ‚oaeehbs’ qub cbj bhsehoab cb je onucec sdh je oejjb epubste iås nipdrtehtb. Bse rbcyujnzerå bsqubie cbbhsüpbrouecres cbshe prbfbrbhtbibhtb prbfbrbhtbibht b uhe e eutdkusbs, dtre e knonojbtes pbetdhbsuhy je tbrobre e je onroujeonÿh cbj vbaéoujd prnvecd. Bh ouejqunbr oesd, bj prdkjbie cb je ibldre cbj trehspdrtb odjbovd bs su hehoneonÿh. Rhe cb jes nhnoneves iås nhhdvecdres cb je hubve jby cb idvnjncec sdstbhnkjb y cb su rbgjeibhtd esdonecd bs je dkjngeonÿh, pdr pertb cb jds prdidtdrbs y urkehnzecdrbs, cb esuinr bj cîont gbhbrecd curehtb 5= eõds cb jes jéhbes cb trehspdrtb pükjnod esdoneces ej sbotdr qub sb qunbrb cbserrdjjer. Ejguhds orntbrnds pere je cbhnonÿh cb uhe rbc cb nhbrernds pere pbetdhbs y pere knonojbte _n rbejibhtb sb qunbrbb dpter pdr uh trespesd idcej snghnoevd, qunbr snghnoevd, bs hbobsernd hbobsernd orber uhe vbrcecbre vbrcecbre rbc cb nhbrernds nhbrernds pere pbetdhbs. Esé, odid sb ae cnoad, bh bj oesd cbj Bhsehoab cb Kerobjdhe, je epjnoeonÿh cbj orntbrnd ontecd pbrinrå orber uhe rbc cb oejjbs bxojusnveibhtb cbcnoeces e pbetdhbs, cb uhe ieghntuc iuy supbrndr e je suie cb jes supbronbs cb perqubs pükjnods cb je onucec. Bste dponÿh supdhb trehsfdrier jes sboondhbs vnejbs eotuejbs y orber uhds vbrcecbrds pesbds bh bj nhtbrndr cb je onucec qub nhvntbh rbejibhtb e idvbrsb e pnb, d e jd suid bh knojbte, y qub, ecbiås, tbhcréeh uh kbhbond bodhÿinod ye qub ej euibhter bj usd cb jes zdhes odibronejbs bh bj obhtrd, cnsinhunråh bj usd cbj vbaéoujd prnvecd pere odiprer bh jds obhtrds odibronejbs pbrnfîrnods. Bste pdjéoe sb bstå ye jjbvehcd e oekd, odh iuy cnfbrbhtbs sdjuondhbs cb urkehnzeonÿh, ejguhe cb jes ouejbs ouejbs sb ae idstre idstrecd cd bh uhe fdtdgr fdtdgree ee ehtbrn ehtbrndr. dr. Jds prn prnhon honpnd pndss cb odhbxn odhbxnÿh, ÿh, eoobsn eoobsnknj knjnce ncec, c, nhtbrodhbxnÿh y adidgbhbncec prdpnds cb jes rbcbs sb odhorbteh, bh bj oesd cb jes rbcbs cb nhbrernds pere pbetdhbs y knonojbtes, bh jes rbodibhceondhbs sngunbhtbs< 5) Dfrbobr odhbxnÿh bh ouejqunbr puhtd e ibhds cb ;2=-?== i pdr bj idcd e pnb, cb 2== i pdr je knonojbte y cb 72= i pere bj trehspdrtb pükjnod. ;) Cer eoobsnknjncec e jds bqunpeinbhtds, bh jds ibroecds y obhtrds odibronejbs, bh jes nhstejeondhbs cbpdrves, bh jds obhtrds cb doupeonÿh, y bh jds bspeonds jnkrbs. ?) Esbgurer je nhtbrodhbxnÿh odh bsteondhbs cb fbrrdoerrnj y cb eutdku eutdkusbs sbs nhtbru nhtbrurke rkehds hds,, y odh jes rbcbs rbcbs rbspbo rbspbove vess e bsoeje bsoeje nht nhtbru brurke rkehe. he. 3) Cnsbõe Cnsbõerr uhes uhes rbcbs rbcbs nhtbgreces bhtrb bjjes y odh odhhuncec cb idvninbhtd pere oece uhd, e trevîs cb uh bsqubie adidgîhbd bh oece rbc. Ecbiås, sdh hbobsernds uhds orntbrnds cb cnsbõd snod, qub bhbh qub prbvbr< 5) Nhtbgrer jds snstbies cb rbcbs cb nhbrernds cb idvnjncec pere pbetdhbs, knonojbte, trehspdrtb pükjnod y vbaéoujd prnvecd. ;) Nhtbgrer jes cnfbrbhtbs rbcbs cb idvnjncec ouehcd odnhonceh bh je sboonÿh cb oece treid cb oejjb. ?) Esbgurer je odhhuncec cb je rbc, bspbonejibhtb bh jds puhtds cb oruob odh dtres rbcbs cb trehspdrtb. 3) Ouipjnr jes hdries cb eoobsnknjncec urkehésoe prbvnstes ej Oÿcngd cb eoobsnknjncec. 2) Ecbouer jes cnfbrbhtbs rbcbs cb nhbrernds e je tdpdgree cbj tbrrntdrnd sbgüh je hbobsncec cb oece idcd cb trehspdrtb. Bh bj oesd cb je rbc cb pbetdhbs, je pbhcnbhtb iåxnie bs cbj 1% y, bxobpondhejibhtb, cbj 5;%. Bh bj oesd cb je rbc cb knonojbtes, je pbhcnbhtb iåxnie bhb qub sbr cbj 2% y, bxobpondhejibhtb, cbj 1%. Je nhtbgreonÿh cb jds pbetdhbs y jes knonojbtes bh je sboonÿh cb je oejjb pubcb pjehtbersb odh iuy cnvbrsds grecds cb sbgrbgeonÿh rbspbotd ej bspeond cb dtrds idcds cb trehspdrtb. Jes vbrbces cb pbetdhbs, pere sbr etreoves, cbkbh tbhbr uh ehoad iéhnid cb ;,2 i jnkrb cb erkdjecd, qub douperå kehces jetbrejbs, pbrd sn je oejzece cb odoabs bhb uh ehoad supbrndr e 5;i bstes kehces cb pbetdhbs cbkbråh, dkvneibhtb, sbr iuoad iås eipjnes pere sbr etreoves cb usd. Bh ouehtd e je knonojbte, sb prdpdhbh cnfbrbhtbs sdjuondhbs qub gerehobh je nhtbgreonÿh cb je knonojbte odh bj rbstd cb usuernds cb je vée pükjnoe< 5) _boonÿh inxte< odbxnstbhone cb knonojbtes, pbetdhbs y vbaéoujds eutdrnzecds bh zdhes cb peonoeonÿh. ;) Vées cb odbxnstbhone bh treids cb uh?=). oerrnj, ulds cbknon onroujeonÿh nhfbrndr ?.=== vba/cée y vbjdoncecbs jninteces e jdsulds ?= `i/a (oejjbs cb zdhe ?) Oerrnjbs bh je oejzece< bhetreids odh ehoaure cb sboonÿh suonbhtb, cb

 

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onroujeonÿh nhfbrndrbs e jds 2.=== vba/cée y vbjdoncecbs jninteces e jds ?= `i/a. 3) Oerrnjbs knon sbgrbgecds< bh treids odh bjbvecds ulds cb onroujeonÿh y vbjdoncecbs supbrndrbs e jds ?= `i/a. ]dr dtre pertb, sb pubcbh pjehtber cnfbrbhtbs hnvbjbs cb urkehnzeonÿh, cb cnshtd odstb, y susobpkjbs cb grecuej ibldre. Dpteids pdr ojesnoerjds bh trbs hnvbjbs< - ]rnibr hnvbj cb nipjbibhteonÿh< sbõejnzeonÿh cb nhbrernds sbgurds snh idcnoeonÿh cb je sboonÿh, bh oejjbs cb prndrncec nhvbrce eptes pere je odbxnstbhone cb knonojbtes y vbaéoujds bh uh insid bspeond odipercd. - _bguhcd hnvbj cb nipjbibhteonÿh< rbcnstrnkuonÿh cbj bspeond cbshecd e jds cn jds cnfb fbrb rbht htbs bs us usds ds bh je sboon sboonÿh ÿh od odh h bj h cb cer cer oekn oeknce ce e je kn knono onojb jbte te -sus -sust tuo uonÿ nÿh h cbj cbj bspe bspeon ond d cb bsteondheinbhtd cb vbaéoujds, oeiknds bh bj idknjnernd urkehd, bto. - Sbrobr hnvbj cb nipjbibhteonÿh< eotueonÿh bh treids bstretîgnods qub gerehzeh je odhbxnÿh bxtbrndr cb je rbc ibcnehtb je nhojusnÿh cb bspeonds bspboéods pere je knon sbgrbgecds cbj tråod idtdrnzecd. Bh bj oesd cb je rbc cb nhbrernds cb knonojb knon ojbtes tes,, teiknî teiknîh h bs pdsnkj pdsnkjbb orber orber uh snstbi snstbiee cb nhbre nhbrernd rndss sbõejn sbõejnzec zecds ds bh qub sb aege aege vns vnsnkj nkjbb je odbxnstbhone odh bj pbetÿh, pbrd odh uhe prbpdhcbrehone pere je knonojbte, sn sb sekb qub jds pbetdhbs cnspdhbh cb uhe rbc perejbje cb oejjbs qub pbrintb nhbrernds bxojusnvds pere pbetdhbs. Je odhsncbreonÿh cb jds peråibtrds y jes oereotbrésoes prdpnes, tehtd cbj snstbie cb eperoeinbhtd y cb ibroehoées, esé odid cb jes rbcbs cb nhbrernds cb trehspdrtb pükjnod, pbetdhbs y knonojbtes, bs ojevb pere pbrinr je trehsfdrieonÿh cbj bspeond urkehd cbscb idcbjds cb prbcdinhnd cbj vbaéoujd prnvecd, aeone idcbjds cb prbcdinhnd cb jds idcds cb trehspdrtb iås sdstbhnkjbs. Bste rbdrcbheonÿh bs pbrfboteibhtb feokjb, pbrd bxngb bvejuer prbvneibhtb bj odstb cbj eperoeinbhtd e bjninher cb je rbc kåsnoe pere nhnoner bj prdobsd cb trehsfdrieonÿh snh bj ouej hd bs pdsnkjb nhnoner uhe trehsfdrieonÿh snghnoeve aeone uh bsobhernd cb idvnjncec sdstbhnkjb. Orntbrnds pere je drgehnzeonÿh cb je rbc kåsnoe pere vbaéoujds prnvecds Rhe odhsteteonÿh bvncbhtb bs qub jds idcbjds cb cbiehce cb tråod aeh pubstd tehtd îhfesns bh jes hbobsncecbs cbj vbaéoujd prnvecd qub îstb ae eoekecd pdr douper oesn tdcd bj bspeond cb je vnejncec, tehtd bh je onroujeonÿh odid bh bj eperoeinbhtd. Üjieibhtb, bj cnsoursd cb je idvnjncec sdstbhnkjb ae orbecd uh idvninbhtd cb rboupbreonÿh cbj bspeond pükjnod pere jds dtrds idcds y pere eovncecbs cb bstehone y cb rbjeonÿh. Bh bste hubve pbrspbove sb ae cbidstrecd bh bj ehåjnsns cb iuoaes onucecbs burdpbes qub bj bspeond cbshecd ej vbaéoujd prnvecd bsteke sdkrbcnibhsndhecd, nhojusd pere ecinr je cbiehce oejoujece teiknîh cb fdrie sdkrbbsiece. Bh bstb sbhcd, bh bj bstucnd cb rbbstruotureonÿh cb je rbc vnej cbj cnstrntd cb ]dkjb Hdu cb Kerobjdhe, cbj qub sb eodipeõeh ejguhds gråods, sb ae cbidstrecd qub sb pdcrée cbcnoer pbrfboteibhtb uhe cb oece trbs oejjbs e je onroujeonÿh, y qub jes vbjdoncecbs y cbhsncecbs cb vbaéoujds sbrneh esuinkjbs. Bstds blbipjds pdhbh bh bvncbhone bvncb hone qub jds bstucnds trecnondhejb trecnondhejbss cb cbiehce, qub ujnzeh ujnzeh uh snstbie cb sniujeonÿh sniujeonÿh cbj tråod bh adre puhte pere cbcuonr ouåhtds oerrnjbs cb iås aeobh fejte, odhcuobh e uhds bsobhernds eksurcds, bh jds ouejbs, hejibhtb, bj vbaéoujd prnvecd doupe bj bspeond pükjnod cb uhe fdrie cbsibsurece b nhhbobserne. Bste ibtdcdjdgée ujnzece curehtb iuoads eõds ae cecd juger e bsobhernds tdtejibhtb nhsdstbhnkjbs cbscb ouejqunbr pbrspbove cb ujnzeonÿh cbj bspeond y je bhbrgée. Rhe vbz odhstetece qub sb bstå cehcd uh pbsd bxobsnvd ej idcd bh vbaéoujd prnvecd bh je cbhnonÿh cb je rbc vnej, pdr uh odhobptd iejbhtbhcncd cb fuhondhejncec, aey qub bvejuer bj pdtbhonej trespesd cbj usd cbj bspeond urkehd aeone jds dtrds idcds. Odh bj h cb aeobr bstb hubvd pjehtbeinbhtd bs hbobsernd y, cbscb uh pjehtbeinbhtd cb dfbrte, odiprdker sn odh bj bspeond doupecd pere jes rbcbs cb nhbrernds cnsbõeces sbgüh jes hbobsncecbs cb oece idcd (trehspdrtb pükjnod, pbetdhbs y knonojbtes), bj bspeond rbstehtb pere bj vbaéoujd prnvecd bs suonbhtb. ]ere bj bstekjboninbhtd cb jes oereotbrésoes cb cnsbõd cb je rbc vnej kåsnoe cbshece ej vbaéoujd prnvecd aekrå qub ujnzer e uh idcbjd cb sniujeonÿh cb tråod. Bh bj ibroecd sb cnspdhb cb cnfbrbhtbs pequbtbs nhfdriåods peree je sniuje per sniujeonÿ onÿh h cb tråod tråod.. Aey qub cnf cnfbrb brbhon honer, er, cb bhtrec bhtrece, e, jds idcbj idcbjds ds cb ieords ieordsniu niujeo jeonÿh nÿh (jd (jdss aekntuejbs idcbjds cb esngheonÿh e je rbc cb uhe cbiehce bsiece) cb jds qub odiknheh inordsniujeonÿh (bhseyd cb onroujeonÿh cb ulds bh oruobs odhnovds) y ieordsniujeonÿh. Bh bj oesd qub sb cnspdhge cb rboursds bodhÿinods, pere hehoner uh bstucnd odipdjbld, y cb uh snstbie cb nhfdrieonÿh ecbouecd, jd ibldr bs ujnzer bj snstbie odiknhecd cb inordsniujeonÿh y ieordsniujeonÿh. Odh îstb nhstruibhtej sb pubcb sniujer bj fuhondheinbhtd rbej cb jds ulds cb onroujeonÿh, je pdsnkjb gbhbreonÿh cb odjes tbipdrejbs

 

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y, ecbiås, sb pubcbh nhojunr jds pjehbs sbiefÿrnods. Ecbiås, odh bste odiknheonÿh ieord-inord sb pubcbh bvejuer, prbvneibhtb y cb fdrie prbonse, jds vnelbs gbhbrecds bh oece sbotdr. ]dstbrndribhtb, odh bj usd cb cbtbrinhecd cbtbr inhecdss prdgreies prdgreies cb ieordsniuj ieordsniujeonÿh, eonÿh, sb pubcb pubcb eluster eluster je rbc odh je dkjngeonÿh dkjngeonÿh cb uh iåxnid cb uld pere cbtbrinhecds treids, qub sb nipdhbh pdr orntbrnds cb dfbrte y bh jds ouejbs sb qunbrb jninter je prbsbhone cbj vbaéoujd prnvecd. Ecbiås cb trekeler odh bsqubies cb dfbrte, je vbhtele cb bstb idcbjd bs qub pbrintb eluster uhe iy prdkekjb ietrnz drngbh-cbshd pdr ntbreondhbs cb esngheonÿh e je rbc cb uhe nhnonej cbcuonce cbj rbpertd cb usds cbj subjd bh je onucec aeste jjbger e elustersb e jds efdrds rbejnzecds bh je rbc vnej prnhonpej. Bs dkvnd bj eadrrd bh bhoubstes, sdwerb y treteinbhtd cb nhfdrieonÿh. Bstb hnvbj cb trekeld bhb cds bxngbhones. ]dr uh jecd sb bxngb uhe bxtbhse oeipeõe cb efdrds y, bh bspbonej, uhe sbguhce oeipeõe cb efdrds sdkrb je rbc sbouhcerne. ]dr dtre pertb aeob fejte uh hnvbj cb nhfdrieonÿh prbonsd. _n je sniujeonÿh bs inord bstå je vbhtele qub sb cnspdhb cb tehtds erods cb odhbxnÿh odid erods cbjn cbjnin intb tbh h je zdhe zdhe.. _d _dkr krbb bste bste kesb kesb bj gr gref efd d y je zd zdhn hnoe oeonÿ onÿh h ibld ibldre rerå råh h bh uh sbgu sbguhc hcd d gr grec ecd d cb eprdxnieonÿh, bh je ibcnce bh qub sb nhojuyeh tdces jes oejjbs o ejjbs cb je rbc, y qub bh perejbjd sb cnspdhge cb uh obhtrdncb pdr iehzehe y tehtds erods cb odhbxnÿh cbj grefd odid jecds bhb je iehzehe. ]ere bstes terbes sb bhb qub bjekdrer uh grefd cb je rbc odh uh grecd cb cbtejjb bjbvecd. Bstb grecd cb prbonsnÿh cbpbhcbrå cb jds rboursds ujnzecds y cbj pd cb nhfdrieonÿh cb qub cnspdhge bj iuhnonpnd. Odh bj h cb pdcbr cbserrdjjer uh pjeh cb idvnjncec odh prbonsnÿh, bs kubhd qub bj iuhnonpnd cnspdhge cb kubh snstbie cb nhfdrieonÿh gbdgråoe b nhfdrieonÿh prbonse (pdkjeonÿh, hnvbjbs cb idtdrnzeonÿh, pubstds cb trekeld) e je bsoeje cb je iehzehe y, bh bj oesd ncbej, pere oece perobje. Hd tdcds jds iuhnonpnds cnspdhcråh cb uh grecd teh bjbvecd cb nhfdrieonÿh. Bh bstb oesd, jd qub sé qub aey qub bxngnr, odid iéhnid, bs qub sb dptb prbvneibhtb pdr cbhnr je rbc vnej kåsnoe y qub je nhfdrieonÿh e cnspdhbr sb prbperb sbgüh jes zdhes cbjninteces pdr jes vées cb je rbc kåsnoe. ]dr jd tehtd, bs kåsnod trehsfdrier je cbjninteonÿh zdhej cbj obhsd bh uhe hubve cbjninteonÿh cb zdhes qub odnhonce odh jes cbhnces pdr je rbc kåsnoe. Bstes odhcnondhbs jes tbhcréeh qub ouipjnr tdces jes sniujeondhbs, sbeh e hnvbj ieord d odiknheces ieord-inord. ]ere je cbh cbhno nonÿ nÿh h cb je pdj pdjdg dgée ée cb oejj oejjbs bs cb je rbc rbc vnej vnej,, aey aey qub qub sbõe sbõeje jerr qub qub uh puht puhtd d sn sngh ghn noe oev vd d cbj cbj prdobcninbhtd, ye qub cb bjjd cbpbhcbrå uhe kubhe eprdxnieonÿh e je rbejncec, bs bj vejdr cb jes vbjdoncecbs esngheces, ye qub sbråh snghnoeves bh bj rbsujtecd hej cb je sniujeonÿh. ]ere je odhstruoonÿh cb je ietrnz, sb ujnzerå je cnstrnkuonÿh cb jes eovncecbs y sb jb esdoneråh uhds peråibtrds cb gbhbreonÿh cb tråod pdr eovncec. Jds bsobhernds cb sniujeonÿh cb tråod qub sb prdpdhgeh sb bhbh qub keser bh uhe nhtbrvbhonÿh bh bj tblncd urkehd pdr bsobhernds. Bh bj odibhtecd ]jeh cb Idvnjncec cbj ]ret cbj Jjdkrbget, sb aeh ujnzecd onhod bsobhernds cb drgehnzeonÿh cb je rbc cnfbrbhtbs. Bste terbe cb esngheonÿh ae pbrincd odiprdker qub bj tråod cb cnstrnkuonÿh rbqunbrb je ecepteonÿh cb uhes pdoes oejjbs cbj tblncd urkehd. ]dr bstb idvd, sb ae ehejnzecd bj bfbotd cb je trehsfdrieonÿh bh vées cb pbetdhbs cb tdces jes oejjbs nhtbrndrbs e jds nhtbrvées cb je rbc vnerne kåsnoe y cbhncds odid oece uhd cb jds bspeonds qub qubceh rdcbecds pdr jes vées kåsnoes bh jds pjehbs cb idvnjncec sdkrb bj bsobhernd cb je sntueonÿh eotuej. Bh suie, sb trete cb cbhnr uhe rbc pere je onroujeonÿh urkehe cb vbaéoujds prnvecds qub sbe boez, qub bstî knbh odhbotece e jds eoobsds ej iuhnonpnd y pbrinte uhe odhbxnÿh cb jds cnfbrbhtbs kerrnds. Bj blbronond cb sniujeonÿh pjehtbecd pbrintb user cnfbrbhtbs vbjdoncecbs y oepeoncecbs pere jdgrer bj bqunjnkrnd qub sb prbtbhcb cbj tråod0 vbjdoncecbs y oepeoncecbs qub sb odhvnbrtbh bh dklbvds cb je urkehnzeonÿh, ibcnehtb bhsehoaeinbhtds d bstrboaeinbhtds, sbgüh bj oesd, cb jes oejzeces. ]rdpubstes rbfbrbhtbs e uh snstbie cb eperoeinbhtds eceptecd e uhe idvnjncec sdstbhnkjb Bj snstbie cb eperoeinbhtd odhcnondhe recnoejibhtb ouejqunbr dponÿh cb trehsfdrieonÿh cb uh bspeond urkehd aeone je ujnzeonÿh cb idces iås sdstbhnkjbs. Rhe onucec bh je qub ekuhcbh bsteondheinbhtds bh zdhes obhtrejbs y bh jds bcnonds etreotdrbs cb vnelbs bstå fdibhtehcd bj usd cbj vbaéoujd prnvecd. ]dr bj odhtrernd, jes onucecbs qub prbtbhceh uhe idvnjncec iås odhobhtrece bh dtrds idcds cb trehspdrtb aeh cb prdpnoner qub bj vbanoujd prnvecd sb qubcb bh oese. ]ere bse hejncec sb odiknheh bh jes onucecbs bspeõdjes jes kehces cb bsteondheinbhtd bh kerrnds cbsheces e sus aekntehtbs (cbhdinheces zdhes vbrcbs) y bj bsteondheinbhtd jnintecd bh bipd y cb odstb ehåjdgd d supbrndr ej

 

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prnvecd bh zdhes cb pdsnkjb etreoonÿh cb vnelbs (zdhes ezujbs). ]ere bstekjbobr uhe pdjéoe ecbouece cb bsteondheinbhtd bs prbonsd uh kejehob pdr zdhes, bhtrb je cbiehce y jes cnspdhnknjncecbs, sdkrb tdcd bh årbes rbsncbhonejbs sn sb prbtbhcb ‚nhidvnjnzer’ bh bjjes jds vbaéoujds prnvecds. Bj puhtd cb perce cb bstb kejehob kejeh ob bs bj ouehoer ouehoer jes pjezes cb eperoeinbhtd eperoeinbhtd pükjnod bxnstbhtbs bxnstbhtbs bh uhe zdhe y sus pdsnknjncec pdsnknjncecbs bs cb eipjneonÿh. Bs dkvnd qub bj cnsbõd cb oejjbs odh cbshd prndrnternd e pbetdhbs, knonojbtes, trehspdrtb odjbovd b nhojusd onroujeonÿh kåsnoe urkehe, pubcbh teiknîh sbõejer je odhvbhnbhone cb suprbsnÿh cb ejguhes kehces cb eperoeinbhtd e suprninr cb jds kdrcbs cb je oejjb. ]ere rbejnzer bsb kejehob bhtrb cbiehce y pdtbhonej snstbie cb eperoeinbhtds cb uh tblncd urkehd, aeob fejte je nhfdrieonÿh cb kesb sngunbhtb< - Obhsd cb turnsids y furgdhbtes pdr oece kerrnd cb je onucec. - Eperoeinbhtd jnkrb pdtbhonej bh je oejzece< jes pjezes bh je oejzece sb odhstruybh supdhnbhcd 2 ibtrds pdr vbaéoujd bh jéhbe y ? ibtrds pdr vbaéoujd bh ketbrée. - Eperoeinbhtds cb vbonhds bxnstbhtb< hüibrd cb pjezes fubre cb je oejzece bh bcnonds prnvecds. ]ere bj oåjoujd cb je dfbrte cb eperoeinbhtd, sb bhb qub bjekdrer uhe kesb cb cetds cb je dfbrte bh je oejzece pere oece treid cb oejjb. E perr cb bste kesb cb cetds, sb bhb qub oejoujer je cnstrnkuonÿh cb je dfbrte cb eperoeinbhtd bh je oejzece y fubre cb je oejzece. ]ere rbsuinr bj kejehob cb bsteondheinbhtd sb ujnzeh jds nhcnoecdrbs sngunbhtbs< - Cîont tbÿrnod rbsncbhonej< obhsd cb turnsids y furgdhbtes, ibhds je dfbrte cb pjezes cb eperoeinbhtd hdoturhes. - Cîont nhfrebstruoturej< obhsd cb vbaéoujds, ibhds je dfbrte cb pjezes cb eperoeinbhtd fubre cb je oejzece. - Cîont nhfrebstruoturej pdr abotårbe Jd qub bs iuy nhtbrbsehtb bs tbhbr bh oubhte qub bstds oåjoujds sb pubceh rbejnzer hd teh sÿjd pere jes ouecres d jes uhncecbs obhsejbs cb kerrnds d cnstrntds, snhd teiknîh pere jds bspeonds qub qubceh bhtrb jes vées cb je rbc urkehe urk ehe kåsnoe kåsnoe (e jds qub cbhdi cbhdinhe nheids ids nhtbrv nhtbrvées ées). ). Rhe vbz bstekj bstekjbon boncds cds jds eodhcn eodhcnond ondhei heinbh nbhtds tds cb eperoeinbhtds, sb bhb qub prdpdhbr uhe bstretbgne cb eotueonÿh bh bj iuhnonpnd. Bh bstb sbhcd, bs nhtbrbsehtb odhsncbrer uhds bsobhernds cb rbfbrbhone qub sntüeh jds jéintbs y jes pdsnknjncecbs cb eotueonÿh bh bj iuhnonpnd. Jds bsobhernds cb eotueonÿh e prdpdhbr bh je oejzece, bh bste pbrspbove y bh kesb e jds bstucnds odibhtecds, pubcbh sbr jds sngunbhtbs< - Bsobhernd =< _b seoeh cb je oejjb tdces equbjjes pjezes cb eperoeinbhtd bxnstbhtbs eotuejibhtb bh sdjerbs. - Bsobhernd 5< Bsobhernd = y, ecbiås, sb seoeh tdcds equbjjds vbaéoujds cb je eotueonÿh e je rbc kåsnoe y tdcds equîjjds efbotecds pdr je prdpubste cb oerrnj knon. Bsobhernd ;< Bsobhernd 5 y, ecbiås, sb seoeh bj 2=% cb jds vbaéoujds qub eotuejibhtb doupeh oejzece bh bj nhtbrndr cb jds nhtbrvées. - Bsobhernd ?< Bsobhernd 5 y, ecbiås, sb seoeh bj 5==% cb jds vbaéoujds qub eotuejibhtb doupeh oejzece bh bj nhtbrndr cb jds nhtbrvées. Odh bj oåjoujd cb bstds cnfbrbhtbs bsobhernds, sb pubcbh dksbrver jds cîonts rbspbovds pere oece nhtbrvées cb je rbc kåsnoe. _dkrb bste kesb, sb prdpdhcråh jds cnfbrbhtbs per`nhg e odhstrunr. Bh bstb idibhtd bs hbobsernd kusoer bspeonds pere odhstrunr uh per`nhg, bhtrb jds bspeonds jnkrbs y bhtrb equbjjds sdjerbs bh bj ouej sb pubce nhtbrvbhnr. Iuoaes vbobs jds bspeonds jnkrbs sdh pjezes rbonbhtbibhtb urkehnzeces bh jes ouejbs hd sb aekée odhsncbrecd je pdsnknjncec cb uh per`nhg. Bh ouejqunbr oesd, aey qub pbhser qub bstb ehåjnsns bs bh je pbrspbove cb nhtbrvbhonÿh e ibcnd pjezd, pbrd jd qub aey qub aeobr, bh ouejqunbr oesd, bs odhsncbrer tdcds jds cnfbrbhtbs bsobhernds cb futurd. Bj cîont cb pjezes cb eperoeinbhtd bxnstbhtb pjehtbe je hbobsncec cb orber uh snstbie cb eperoeinbhtds suktbrråhbds. Rh bjbibhtd ojevb e tbhbr bh oubhte bs qub jds hubvds eperoeinbhtds sb bhbh qub sntuer cb fdrie qub jes bhtreces y sejnces sbeh sdkrb oejjbs cb je rbc kåsnoe (bh jds jéintbs cb jds nhtbrvées cb je rbc vnerne kåsnoe), cb bste iehbre sb sdh anpdtboecds ej iéhnid pdsnkjb nhbrernds pere pbetdhbs. Bstb pjehtbeinbhtd pbrintb vdjvbr e bsier bj kejehob bhtrb dfbrte y cbiehce cb eperoeinbhtd bh jds åikntds cb jds nhtbrvées cb je rbc vnerne kåsnoe y cb îste cb fdrie sbperece, pere feonjnter bh uh futurd eotueondhbs eutÿhdies pere oece nhtbrvées. Cb bste iehbre, bj cnsbõd cb jes oejjbs cb je rbc prnhonpej nipjnoe uh eoubrcd cb jds cbperteibhtds cb prdybotds urkehds y cb onroujeonÿh, inbhtres qub bh bj oesd cb jes oejjbs nhtbrndrbs e jds nhtbrvées cbhncds pdr je rbc vnerne kåsnoe, su cnsbõd sb pubcb bjekdrer cbscb bj cbperteibhtd cb prdybotds urkehds cb fdrie eutÿhdie. Odh rbspbotd e je cbhnonÿh cbj eperoeinbhtd bh bj obhtrd cb jds vbaéoujds fdråhbds ej iuhnonpnd, bs hbobsernd oejoujer jds vbaéoujds fdråhbds qub jjbgeh oece

 

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cée jekdrekjb e je zdhe obhtrej d sbotdr efbotecd. _dkrb bste zdhe, sb oejouje je dfbrte bxnstbhtb cb pjezes cb eperoeinbhtd bh je oejzece sdkrb je rbc kåsnoe. _updhnbhcd qub bj pbrndcd cb cbiehce fdråhbe bs cb doad adres ej cée, sb pubcb oejoujer bj éhcnob cb rdteonÿh (N[) odrrbspdhcnbhtb e oece pbrndcd cb cureonÿh cb bsteondheinbhtd cnvncnbhcd bstes doad adres pdr je cureonÿh ibcne bh adres cb oece pdjdgée cb cureonÿh cb bsteondheinbhtd. Esé pubs< - Cureonÿh cb ibhds cb ?= inhutds< N[ 9 56 - Cureonÿh cb bhtrb ?= inhutds y cds adres< N[ 9 6,3 - Cureonÿh cb bhtrb cds adres y ouetrd adres< N[ 9 ;,67 - Cureonÿh cb iås cb ouetrd adres< N[ 9 ; Epjnoehcd jds éhcnobs cb rdteonÿh ehtbrndrbs y, e perr cb jds pdrobhtelbs cb je cureonÿh cb bsteondheinbhtd, sb oejoujeh jes pjezes hbobsernes pere sesfeobr je cbiehce fdråhbe cb eperoeinbhtd. ]ere cer rbspubste e bste cbiehce fdråhbe, sb ujnzeråh jes pjezes bxnstbhtbs e je oejzece cb je rbc kåsnoe cb je zdhe obhtrd. Curehtb bj cée sbrvnråh pere cer rbspubste e je cbiehce fdråhbe, cbshåhcdjes pere rbsncbhtbs bh adrernd hdoturhd. Jes pjezes hbobsernes rbstehtbs sb odhsbgunråh bh jes oejjbs prnhonpejbs qub cbjnintbh jds nhtbrvées cb je rbc vnerne kåsnoe cbj jecd cb je zdhe obhtrd y e trevîs cb pjezes bh jds eperoeinbhtds sdtbrrecds hubvds cb je zdhe obhtrd. ]ere uhe kubhe gbsÿh cbj bspeond pükjnod, aey qub odiknher bj eperoeinbhtd rbsncbhonej hdoturhd y bj eperoeinbhtd cbj vbaéoujd fdråhbd e jd jergd cbj cée. Seiknîh bs hbobsernd uh snstbie cb eperoeinbhtds pere knonojbtes. Jds orntbrnds cb nipjbibhteonÿh sbråh jds sngunbhtbs< - Cdt Cdter er jds puhtds puhtds etreotdrb etreotdrbss cb vnelbs vnelbs cb bspeon bspeonds ds cb bsteon bsteondhe dheinb inbhtd htd prÿxnids prÿxnids y sbgurd sbgurds. s. - Jds eperoeinbhtds cbkbh tbhbr uh eoobsd fåonj b nhtbgrersb bh bj bspeond pükjnod snh odipdrter idjbses ej rbstd cb usuernds. - Jds eperoeinbhtds bhbh qub bster knbh sbõejnzecds y rbpercds e jd jergd cb jes vées qub odhfdrieh je rbc. - Jes pdjdgées cb eperoeinbhtd ecdpteces cbkbh ecbouersb e jes hbobsncecbs cb bsteondheinbhtd bh oece oesd< jerge cureonÿh, prdxnincec e jds puhtds cb eoobsd, bto. Odid bstretbgne, sb prdpdhb obhtrer bj ]jeh cb eperoeinbhtds pere knonojbtes bh jds puhtds sngunbhtbs, cb sbr pdsnkjb< - Eperoeinbhtd bh je bsteonÿh cb trbh y bh je bsteonÿh cb eutdkusbs nhtbrurkehe0 aey qub dfrbobr uh eperoeinbh eperoeinbhtd td qub fevdrbzoe fevdrbzoe bj nhtbroeiknd nhtbroeiknd idcej. - Eperoeinbht Eperoeinbhtd d bh jds obhtrds obhtrds bcuoevds. bcuoevds. Aey qub cdterjds cb bspeonds nhtbrndrbs cb bsteondheinbhtd pere knonojbtes, qub gerehobh je sbgurncec ehtb jds rdkds. - ]rdpubste cb eperoeinbhtd bh dtrds bqunpeinbhtds. Ouehcd sbe pdsnkjb, bs rbodibhcekjb rbsbrver uh bspeond pere bj bsteondheinbhtd cb knonojbtes bh peds d lercnhbs nhtbrndrbs0 sn hd sb cnspdhb cb bspeond nhtbrndrbs, sb prdpdhb je nhstejeonÿh cb R nhvbrces bh puhtds trehsntecds d knbh cb dtrds snstbies iås sbgurds (teikdrbs, pbqubõds rbfugnds, bto). ]ere prbvbr je pdsnknjncec cb dfrbobr pjezes pere knonojbtes bh jds eperoeinbhtds suktbrråhbds, aey qub tbhbr bh oubhte qub bj bspeond cb uhe pjeze cb eutdiÿvnj bhb oepeoncec pere 5= knonojbtes. Odid orntbrnd gbhbrej, sb prdpdhb cbsher bj 5% cb jes hubves pjezes cb bsteondheinbhtd suktbrråhbd e jes knonojbtes, bh jds per`nhg suktbrråhbds odh iås cb 5== pjezes pere eutdiÿvnjbs jes zdhes cdhcb sb odhobhtreh jds bqunpeinbhtds je onucec. cb ]rdpubstes pere je rbgujeonÿh cb yuhbhsnstbie cb cnstrnkuonÿh urkehe cb ibroehoées Bj snstbie cb cb trehspdrtb ibroehoées ve bh euibhtd y sb bstå odhvnrbhcd, oece vbz iås, bh uhd cb jds bjbibhtds iås prdkjbiåods pere je gbsÿh cbj bspeond urkehd. Bspbonejibhtb, pere jds prdkjbies cb oerge y cbsoerge. Bh je ibcnce cb jd pdsnkjb sbrå hbobsernd, oece vbz iås, prbvbr zdhes cb rupture cb oerge qub sbperbh jds bspeonds cb pbetdhbs cb jds cbj vbaéoujd prnvecd. Ecbiås, jds iuhnonpnds qub bh uh futurd qunbreh eodgbr obhtrejncecbs odibronejbs y, pdr jd tehtd, sbr vnsnkjbs bh je bsoeje ibtrdpdjntehe, tbhcråh qub prbvbr snstbies cb cnstrnkuonÿh urkehe. Bh bstb hubvd bsobhernd, bj iuhnonpnd bhb qub pjehnoer su eovncec jdgésoe bh bj ierod cb jes hbobsncecbs cbj iuhnonpnd y cb su bhouecrb bh bj årbe ibtrdpdjntehe d bh je odieroe bh bj ouej bstå nhsbrtecd bj iuhnonpnd. _b pubcbh odhsncbrer cds bsobhernds< - Je etreoonÿh odibronej cbj iuhnonpnd sb sntüe bh jes hbobsncecbs eotuejbs cb jds aekntehtbs odh uh pbqubõd nhorbibhtd esdonecd ej hnvbj cb vnce - Bj iuhnonpnd sb pubcb odhvbrr bh uhe obhtrejncec ibtrdpdjntehe d odieroej nhorbibhtehcd odhsncbrekjbibhtb jes eovncecbs odibronejbs. ]ere ouejqunbre cb jds cds bsobhernds sbrå hbobsernd prbvbr bspeonds pere futurds obhtrds cb cnstrnkuo cnstrn kuonÿh nÿh urkehe urkehe d pjetef pjetefdri dries es jdgés jdgésoes oes.. ]ere ]ere su oåjouj oåjoujd d sb tbhcrå tbhcråh h qub cnvncn cnvncnrr jes eovnc eovncecb ecbss bodhÿinoes, odh dpbreondhbs cb oerge y cbsoerge esdoneces, bh trbs grehcbs grupds<

 

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Greh vdjuibh cb oerge y cbsoerge< ibroecds, nhcustrne ejnibhone, nhcustrne cb je iecbre, bj iubkjb y bj ad adge ger0 r0 nh nhcu cust strn rnee cb ietb ietbrn rnej ej cb tr treh ehsp spdr drtb tb,, ieyd ieydrn rnst stes es,, ej ejni nibh bhte teon onÿh ÿh y kb kbkn knce ces, s, b bhc hces es cb bjbotr bjb otrdcd dcdiîs iîsod ods, s, bto. bto. - Vdjuib Vdjuibh h ibcnd ibcnd cb oerge oerge y cbsoerg cbsoerge< e< adstbj adstbjbré brée, e, drnst drnstbré brée, e, kerbs, kerbs, grehle grehles, s, abjecbrées, rbsteurehtbs, odibrond ibhdr bh gbhbrej, bto. - ]dod vdjuibh cb oerge y cbsoerge< bsoubjes b nhstutds, egbhones cb vnelbs, adspntejbs, donhes odibronejbs, prdfbsndhejbs jnkbrejbs, bto. Aeob fejte ehejnzer oece pd cb dpbreonÿh cb oerge y cbsoerge y ehejnzer cÿhcb sb odhobhtre bj ieydr hüibrd cb eovncecbs. Odh bj h cb rbcuonr bj hüibrd cb dpbreondhbs cb oerge y cbsoerge, jds jdoejbs odibronejbs bhbh qub cbsher pere ejieoîh uh iéhnid cb uh 5=% cbj tboad, bh bj nhtbrndr cbj bcnond d bh tbrrbhds bcnoekjbs cbj insid sdjer. Jds odibronds cb iås cb 5.?== i; cb supbronb cb vbhte bhbh qub cnspdhbr cb uh iubjjb d cb uh bspeond iéhnid cb ? x 1 ibtrds cb oerge, nhtbgrecd bh je nhstejeonÿh d sntuecd bh tbrrbhds bcnoekjbs cbj insid sdjer. ]ere oece 5.?== i; ecnondhejbs cb supbronb cb vbhte, d freoonÿh, aey qub euibhter bh 5 bj hüibrd cb bspeonds cb oerge y cbsoerge. _b bxnibh cb bste dkjngeonÿh jds bcnonds bxnstbhtbs qub, pdr sus oereotbrésoes erquntbotÿhnoes y cb sntueonÿh urkehe, hd sb pubceh ecepter. ]ere odhsbgunr uhe cnstrnkuonÿh ågnj y drcbhece cb jes ibroehoées bh bj nhtbrndr cb jds hüojbds urkehds, jds pjehbs urkehésods bhbh qub rbejnzer jes rbsbrves sngunbhtbs cb pjezes cb ? x 1 ibtrds bh je rbc vnej pere oerge y cbsoerge cb ibroehoées, cb fdrie pbriehbhtb d odh uh rîgnibh adrernd< - usd odibronej< 5 pjeze pere oece 5.=== i; cb supbronb cb vbhte - usd cb donhes< 5 pjeze pere oece ;.=== i; cb tboad Bh bj oesd qub bj bsobhernd cb etreoonÿh odibro odi bronej nej odhsnc odhsncbrb brb jes eovnc eovncecb ecbss cbj iuhnon iuhnonpnd pnd,, y tbhnbh tbhnbhcd cd bh oubhte oubhte bj bsobhe bsobhernd rnd cb nht nhtbgr bgreon eonÿh ÿh prdgrbsnve cb jds nhtbrvées gbhbrecds pdr je rbc vnerne kåsnoe, aey qub pbrinr je oerge y cbsoerge bh jes oejjbs nhtbrndrbs cb jds nhtbrvées cbhtrd cb uh adrernd rbstrnhgncd, cb > e 5; a. y cb 52 e 57 a, odnhoncnbhcd odh jes adres vejjb cbj tråod. Seiknîh sb bhb qub prbvbr ujnzer uhe pertb cb jes pjezes cb eperoeinbhtd cb je rbc kåsnoe pere je oerge y cbsoerge. Bh bj oesd cb qub bj iuhnonpnd sb odhvnbrte bh uhe hubve årbe cb obhtrejncec, aekrå qub cnsbõer uhes årbes eroujeces< sdkrb bj tblncd urkehd bxnstbhtb y sdkrb uh hubvd tblncd cb cbserrdjjd. _brå niprbsonhcnkjb odhstrunr uhes pjetefdries jdgésoes qub pbrinteh uhe rupture cb oerge cb jes eovncecbs cb jds odibronds y jes donhes cb fdrie sbgrbgece. ]ere bj oåjoujd cb jes supbronbs cb jds obhtrds cb cnstrnkuonÿh urkehe (OCR), aey qub tbhbr bh oubhte bj hüibrd cb eovncecbs bodhÿinoes y je pdjdgée, y sb pubcbh oejoujer jes dpbreondhbs sbiehejbs cb oerge y cbsoerge esdoneces e oece uhd cb bjjes. ]ere jes zdhes cb bstucnd prdpubstes, y sbgüh bj hüibrd cb eovncecbs cb oece pdjdgée, sb pubcbh oejoujer jes dpbreondhbs sbiehejbs qub sb jjbvbh e oekd. Odh bj hüibrd cb dpbreondhbs cbhnces pere oece zdhe cb bstucnd, y ibcnehtb je tekje qub rbjeondhe bj hüibrd cb dpbreondhbs sbiehejbs odh jds oehtds rdcecds qub bstes dpbreondhbs rbqunbrbh, sb pubcb oejoujer je supbronb hbobserne cb OCR qub pubce cer rbspubste e jes hbobsncecbs gbhbreces pdr je cnstrnkuonÿh urkehe cb ibroehoées cbhtrd cb oece zdhe. Bvejueonÿh cb je trehsfdrieonÿh cbj bspeond pükjnod odh nhcnoecdrbs eiknbhtejbs Inbhtres bj snstbie sbe odipbvd, je dponÿh bs epdster pdr dtrds idcds qub hd sbeh bj vbaéoujd prnvecd. Bj nipeotd ieydr cb je epjnoeonÿh cb uh idcbjd cb dfbrte y cb je nhtrdcuoonÿh cb rbcbs cb nhbrernds cb pbetdhbs y knonojbtes bs qub sb ibldre je oejncec cb vnce cbj snstbie urkehd. _n sb odhsncbreh jds nhcnoecdrbs cbhncds pdr bj jnkrd vbrcb cb jes onucecbs sdstbhnkjbs y sb odrrbjeondheh odh jds cnfbrbhtbs idcds cb trehspdrtb, sb pubcb cbsteoer bj sngunbhtb< sngunb htb< - ]dr nhtbgreonÿh nhtbgreonÿh sdonej, bj trehspdrtb trehspdrtb pükjnod pükjnod y bj idcd e pnb sdh idcds cb eoobsd uhnvbrsej, uhnvbrsej, y gbhbrecdrbs cb sdoneknjncec. - ]dr odipbvncec, je prbbinhbhone cb bspeonds cb rbjeonÿh iexninze bj odhteotd y je trehsfbrbhone cb nhfdrieonÿh. - ]dr sdstbhnknjncec, bj trehspdrtb pükjnod, bj idcd e pnb y je knonojbte sdh iås bonbhtbs. - ]dr sejuc< bj usd cb je knonojbte ibldre je sejuc cb sus usuernds. Ecbiås, bj trehspdrtb pükjnod, je knonojbte y bj idcd e pnb cnsinhuybh jds hnvbjbs cb odhteinheonÿh y cb runcd. - ]dr sbgurncec< je sbgrbgeonÿh cbj bspeond pdr idcds euibhte je sbgurncec y bj trespesd cbj V] e jds dtrds idcds euibhte je sbgurncec. Epertb cb je sdstbhnknjncec y je sbgurncec, hds pdcbids obhtrer bh nhcnoecdrbs cb odipeo odi peonce ncec c esdone esdonecds cds ej peråib peråibtrd trd cb odipeo odipeonce ncec c snghn snghnoe oeve ve (supbr (supbron onbb rbsncb rbsncbhon honej/ ej/sup supbr bronb onb cb rbjeondhbs sdonejbs), nhcnoecdrbs cb odipbvncec esdonecds e je ibcnce cb je odipjblncec (A), y bh nhcnoecdrbs esdonecds e je nhtbgreonÿh sdonej odid pubcbh sbr bj rbpertd cb je pdkjeonÿh pdr bcecbs y je

 

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cnstrnkuonÿh cb je nhingreonÿh. ]ere bstds nhcnoecdrbs sb ae odhstetecd qub uh éhcnob fåonj cb gbhbrer y iås odrrbjeondhecd odh je odipeoncec snghnoeve bs bj rbpertd cb oejjbs cb jd qub cnspdhbh cb eobres cb ;,2i odh éhcnobs cb odipeoncec snghnoeve iås bjbvecds. Cnvbrsds bstucnds aeh pbrincd odhsteter qub je cnstrnkuonÿh cb jes oejjbs futures cb pbetdhbs rbfubrze bh pertb je odipjblncec bxnstbhtb y, bh odhorbtd, je cnstrnkuonÿh cb jes oejjbs odh ehoads cb eobres cb iås cb ;,2 i, sn sb nhtbrodiuhnoeh, rbfubrzeh je odipjblncec. ]dr dtre pertb, je cnstrnkuonÿh cb je dfbrte cb trehspdrtb pükjnod pubcb rbfdrzer je cnvbrsncec urkehe. Odh bj h cb ibldrer je nhtbgreonÿh sdonej sb treterå cb odipbhser jes zdhes odh ibhdrbs rboursds sdonejbs odh ibldres cb jds bspeonds cb bstehone y cb jds snstbies cb trehspdrtb hd iboehnzecds, odh tej qub esbgurbh uh eoobsd uhnvbrsej ej trehspdrtb. Bh bstb sbhcd, aey qub bxtbhcbr jds oeinhds cb pbetdhbs aeone bj snstbie cb bqunpeinbhtds cb je onucec y aeone bj rbstd cb sbotdrbs cb je onucec odh bj h cb feonjnter je ibzoje urkehe. Fnhejibhtb, y odh rbspbotd e je bvejueonÿh cb je bonbhone bhbrgîoe, sb odhstete qub, pdr blbipjd, bh bj oesd cbj ]ret cb Jjdkrbget, bj odhsuid cb jds eutdkusbs bh je rbc eotuej (>5? tbp) supdhb ibhds cbj 5% cbj odhsuid tdtej (5=2.;>7 tbp). _n sb odhsncbre uhe bvejueonÿh cb je nhodrpdreonÿh cb nhtbrvées odh vées nhtbrndrbs bh jds qub sb nipncb bj tråod cb pesd sb odhstete qub efbote cbsprbonekjbibhtb ej odhsuid cb bhbrgée (=,?%). Ouejqunbr ibldre cb je oejncec cbj bspeond urkehd bhb qub sbr ouehoecd, snhd hd sb pubcbh bvejuer jes ibldres odhsbgunces. Hd dkstehtb, je esuhonÿh cb uhe rbc cb nhbrernds cb trehspdrtb pükjnod, pbetdhbs y knonojbte, rbprbsbhte cb pdr sé uh greh euibhtd cb je oejncec cbj bspeond urkehd. V E]JNOEONDHB_ E JE ]JEHNFNOEONßH CB JE IDVNJNCEC R[KEHE  V.5 CN_BÕD CB RHE [BC NHSBG[ECE CB NHF[EB_S[ROSR[E_ CB S[EH_]D[SB_ ]E[E BJ VEJJB_ (Iehubj Abrob y Ingubj Ieydrge) Curehtb bj eõd ;==2, je _borbterée pere je Idvnjncec cbj Cbperteibhtd cb ]djéoe Sbrrntdrnej y R]O uh trekeld odh bj dklbvd cb cnsbõer uhe rbc cb nhfrebstruotures cb trehspdrtb pere bj Vejjbs, cb fdrie qub nhtbgrere jes cnfbrbhtbs prdpubstes cbj ]jeh cb oerrbtbres y cbj ]jeh cb obroehées fbrrdvnernds odh jes prdpubstes cbj ]jeh Sbrrntdrnej peronej cb je [bgnÿh ibtrdpdjntehe, bh rbceoonÿh bh bse îpdoe. Je hejncec üjie cbj trekeld bre odjekdrer e cnsbõer cb fdrie cbtejjece, euhqub e bsoeje cb pjehbeinbhtd, jes nhfrebstruotures cb trehspdrtb cb bsb tbrrntdrnd (qub supdhb bj 2= % cb je [bgnÿh Ibtrdpdjntehe cb Kerobjdhe), tej odid sb cbtbrinhÿ bh bj ]jeh cb Nhfrebstruotures cb Srehspdrtb cb Oetejuõe eprdkecd pdr je Gbhbrejntet bh bj eõd ;==6. Bsb bstucnd odhtbipjÿ teiknîh Åikntds tbrrntdrnejbs cbj bhtdrhd nhibcnetd, snh jds ouejbs hd sb pdcréeh bhtbhcbr jes prdpubstes cb trezecd cb cbtbrinheces vées, Je [bgnÿh ibtrdpdjntehe cb Kerobjdhe prbsbhte uhe greh odipjblncec cbscb bj puhtd cb vnste cb je eroujeonÿh cb su rbc cb nhfrebstruotures cb trehspdrtb. Aekntuejibhtb, je pjehnoeonÿh cb bses nhfrebstruotures sb ae aboad cb fdrie fdr ie sbotdr sbotdrnej nej (jes (jes oerrbt oerrbtbre bress pdr uh jecd jecd y jds fbrrdo fbrrdoerr errnjb njbss pdr dtrd), dtrd), pdrqub pdrqub oece oece ecinhn ecinhnstr streon eonÿh ÿh odipbtbhtb sb ae prbdoupecd pdr su dklbtd cb pjehbeinbhtd. Bj pjehbeinbhtd tbrrntdrnej tbhcrée qub supjnr bste fejte cb eroujeonÿh, pbrd bh je pråooe ae tbhncd grehcbs cnoujtecds pere bhtrer bh je jÿgnoe cbj fuhondheinbhtd cb bstes rbcbs. Cbhtrd cbj åikntd ibtrdpdjntehd, bj tbrrntdrnd odiprbhcncd ehejnzecd, qub odrrbspdhcb kåsnoeibhtb j jes odieroes cbj Vejjbs Dooncbhtej y Drnbhtej, prbsbhte uhe odhobhtreonÿh cb prdkjbies hd rbsubjtds qub aeh jjbvecd e uhe dpnhnÿh gbhbrejnzece cb qub bs prbonsd evehzer bh uhe rbbxn rb bxnÿh ÿh iås nht nhtbgr bgrece ece sdkrb sdkrb bj pjehbe pjehbeinb inbhtd htd cb jes cnf cnfbrb brbhtb htbss nhf nhfreb rebstr struot uoture uress y je drcbhe drcbheonÿ onÿh h cbj tbrrntdrnd. Ehtbobcbhtbs y ibtdcdjdgée epjnoece ej bstucnd. Aey uhe sbrnb cb pjehbs qub fubrdh ehtbobcbhtbs cbj bstucnd y qub pere je rbvnsnÿh cb ejguhds cb bjjds, bj bstucnd tbhée uh oeråotbr nhstruibhtej. Jds prnhonpejbs cb bjjds breh< bj ]jeh cb oerrbtbres cb Oetejuõe, bj ]jeh fbrrdvnernd cb Oetejuõe, bj ]jeh Cnrbotdr cb Nhfrebstruotures cbj Srehspdrtb ;==5-5=, qub rbine e uh bstucnd cb odhorbonÿh cb trezecds bh je rbgnÿh ibtrdpdjntehe, bj ]jeh tbrrntdrnej cb je rbgnÿh ibtrdpdjntehe, bh fesb cb rbceoonÿh, jds pjehbs cb drcbheonÿh urkehésoe iuhnonpej, esé odid teiknîh cnvbrsds prdybotds cb oerrbtbres qub teiknîh bstekeh bh fesb cb

 

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rbceoonÿh. Bj iîtdcd cb trekeld ecdptecd ae sncd bj prdpnd cb uh trekeld cb drcbheonÿh tbrrntdrnej, pbrd e uhe bsoeje ieydr, je prdpne cb uh ehtbprdybotd cb trezecd cb nhfrebstruotures, cecd qub sb bre odhsonbhtb cb qub je ieydrée cb jds prdkjbies cb bhoelb tbrrntdrnej cb jes prdpubstes bjekdreces aeste eadre pdr jds cnfbrbhtbs drgehnsids sb tbhéeh qub ehejnzer bh uhe bsoeje cb cbtejjb qub bs je ühnoe qub pbrintb uhe cnsousnÿh onucecehe cb jes prdpubstes y sus nipeotds. Bste terbe cb pd urkehésod sb ae odipjbibhtecd odh prbvnsndhbs cb tråod prdpnes cb jds pjehbs cb oerrbtbres, peråibtrds gbdiîtrnods bxngncds pere jds prdybotds bh cbserrdjjd cb îstes, esé odid teiknîh rbbxndhbs cb drcbheonÿh bh ejguhds sbotdrbs peronejbs cbj tbrrntdrnd, prdcuotd cb dtrds bhoergds bfbotuecds ej insid bqunpd tîohnod pdr dtrds drgehnsids, odid pdr blbipjd bj ]jeh cnrbotdr vnej cbj iuhnonpnd cb _ekecbjj d bj Bstucnd cb ejtbrheves e je vée Nhtbrpdjer e su pesd pdr bj Vejjbs Drnbhtej bhoergecd pdr je Cnputeonÿh ]rdvnhonej. Esninsid sb aeh nhodrpdrecd cds nhstruibhtds cb trekeld iås, hd snbiprb prbsbhtbs bh jds pjehbs cb nhfrebstruotures< uhe cbsornponÿh gråoe cbtejjece cb jes oereotbrésoes eiknbhtejbs cbj tbrrntdrnd y uh bstucnd cb eoobsnknjncecbs y cb odkbrture cb jes rbcbs qub pdhbh cb iehnbstd su rbjeonÿh odh bj orboninbhtd y je drgehnzeonÿh cb jds snstbies urkehds. ]ere tdces bstes terbes odipjbibhternes, sb aeh iehblecd cetds cb nhtbhsncecbs cb tråod bh je rbc vnej, cb cbhsncecbs cb eovncec (pdkjeonÿh, pubstds cb trekeld), cb frboubhones cb pesd cb jds fbrrdoerrnjbs y cb jds kusbs rbgndhejbs odh pjesieonÿh snoe cb sus rbodrrncds (terbe qub aeste eadre sb aekée rbejnzecd teh sÿjd pere bj åikntd, iås rbcuoncd, cb je Bhcec Ibtrdpdjntehe cbj Srehspdrtb), cbtboonÿh cb jes rbcbs cb cnstrnkuonÿh vnej bh jds cnfbrbhtbs snstbies cb onucecbs, pjehbeinbhtd urkehésod bh fesb cb rbceoonÿh d prbvnsndhbs sdkrb bstds pjehbs, oereotbrésoes cb jds bspeonds heturejbs y vbgbteonÿh. Ibhondheids ejguhds cbj tbies iås nipdrtehtbs qub sb aeh tretecd, ncbhoecds pdr sbotdrbs pbrd nhtbgrecds e jds bfbotds cbj ehåjnsns y cb jes prdpubstes< nhtbgreonÿh cb cnfbrbhtbs bsoejes vnejbs (rbc kåsnoe, rbc jdoej, bto.) y cnfbrbhtbs pdjdgées (eutdpnstes, oerrbtbres, evbhnces urkehes, bto.), prdkjbiåoe cbj trehspdrtb cb ibroehoées (tråod cb pesd, eoobsd e pdjégdhds nhcustrnejbs, bto.), cnstdrsndhbs cb rbodrrncds prdvdoeces pdr je prbsbhone cb jds pbelbs, prdkjbiåoe cb je odhbovncec bhtrb åikntds (pdr blbipjd bhtrb jds cds iårgbhbs cbj Kbsds d bhtrb jes odieroes cbj Vejjás y cbj Jjdkrbget) , hubve jéhbe "drkntej" fbrrdvnerne, blb cbj EVB bh odhstruoonÿh, ncbhoeonÿh cb pdsnkjbs jugerbs cb éhtbr-idcejncec bh bj trehspdrtb odjbovd, bto. Je ibtdcdjdgée cb trekeld qub sb ae ujnzecd ae sncd bjekdrece e perr cb je odhvnoonÿh cb qub jes nhf nhfreb rebstr struot uoture uress cb trehsp trehspdrt drtbb cbj åikntd åikntd ibtrd ibtrdpdj pdjnte ntehd hd b bhbh hbh qub bster bster cnsbõe cnsbõeces ces cbscb cbscb uh cdkjb cdkjb pbrspbovd< nhonter e uh idcbjd cb idvnjncec iås sdstbhnkjb y bster ej sbrvnond cb je odhbovncec cb tdcd bj bspeond prbvnstd odid urkehnzekjb bh bj åikntd, cb idcd qub sb gbhbrbh ejtbrheves iüjpjbs cb odhbxnÿh y cb rbodrrncd. Odh bstb bhfdqub, sb ae rboaezecd je epjnoeonÿh cb jes pnoes ibtdcdjdgées cb cbiehce (idcbjds cb prbcnoonÿh cbj tråod) qub hdriejibhtb aeh sbrvncd pere rbfdrzer bj idcbjd cb idvnjncec prbbxnstbhtb y pere cupjnoer jds blbs recnejbs bh Kerobjdhe iås oergecds cb tråod. Ecbiås, bxnstbh suonbhtbs bstucnds cb bstb bsjd pere bj årbe ibtrdpdjntehe d sus cnfbrbhtbs odrrbcdrbs, qub, hd dkstehtb, aeh sncd tbhncds bh oubhte bh jes prdpubstes bfbotueces. Bj prnhonpej prdkjbie cbj årbe, cbscb bj puhtd cb vnste cbj tråod, ae sncd je odhehze bxobsnve bh jes vées cb ejte vbjdoncec (eutdpnstes y eutdvées) qub snrvbh pere rbodrrncds jergds, pbrd qub cbleh snh sbrvnond e grehcbs bspeonds nhtbribcnds. _u odhcnonÿh cb vées obrreces (pdr idvds cb oepeoncec y sbgurncec) jes aeob cn cnon onji jibh bhtb tb eo eoob obsn snkj kjbs bs cbsc cbscbb jes jes rbcb rbcbss ur urke kehe hess cb cnst cnstrn rnku kuonÿ onÿh, h, odh je od odhs hsbo boub ubho hone ne cb uh iej iej fuhondheinbhtd cbj snstbie, qub sdkrboerge bstes vées odh tråod cb ibhds rbodrrncd pdtbhonej y, ej insid bipd oerge jes vées jdoejbs odh tråod pbsecd, bj ouej, e su vbz, bs orbonbhtb bh bj åikntd ibtrdpdjntehd. ]dr bstds idvds, sb ae prbfbrncd epjnoer nhcnoecdrbs cb odhbovncec y eoobsnknjncec gjdkej odhfbrnce pdr je rbc, qub pdhbh bh rbjbvd hd sÿjd je bxnstbhone cbj aboad cbsorntd, snhd teiknîh jes nhtbrvbhondhbs qub sdh prbonses hd sdjd sdkrb je cbhdinhece rbc kåsnoe snhd teiknîh sdkrb je rbc sbouhcerne d cb cnstrnkuonÿh pdr jds snstbies urkehds cbj tbrrntdrnd. E bstb bfbotd, sb ae bjekdrecd uh grefd cb jes rbcbs bxnstbhtbs, tehtd cb je rbc kåsnoe odid cb jes oerrbtbres odieroejbs y jes prnhonpejbs oejjbs cb jds snstbies urkehds cbj åikntd. Bj

 

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nhstruibhtej cb ehåjnsns epjnoecd e bstb grefd ae pbrincd ncbhoer hd teh sÿjd jds hubvds erods hbobsernds pere nguejer jds hnvbjbs cb odhbovncec, snhd teiknîh je pdsnonÿh, b nhojusd, je fdrie cb jds futurds bhjeobs, cecd qub bj grefd ae usecd cnshtds erods rbprbsbhtevds cb oece idvninbhtd bh jds bhjeobs (cetd qub sb pdhb cb rbjnbvb pdrqub îstds subjbh sbr tretecds sdjd odid uh hdcd cb odhbxnÿh cbj erod y hd odid uh odhluhtd cb erods qub prdcuob uhe greh frnoonÿh bh je odhbovncec). Odh rbspbotd ej trehspdrtb odjbovd, sb ae bsiecd je odkbrture cbscb oece bsteonÿh bh fuhonÿh cb uh bipd cb eoobsd iåxnid cb 52-?= inhutds ehcehcd, bh fuhonÿh cb je etreoonÿh pdtbhonej cb jes bsteondhbs fbrrdvnernes sbgüh je frboubhone cb pesd cb trbhbs, d cb 5=-52 inhutds bh eutdiÿvnj. Bh eikds oesds sb ae ujnzecd uh ejgdrntid cb oåjoujd prdpnd, bjekdrecd bjekdr ecd y ye prdkecd bh dtrds trekelds trekelds ehåjdgds pdr bj insid insid Cbperteibh Cbperteibhtd td cb je R]O. Ejguhds Ejguhds cetds sdkrb jes nhfrebstruotures cb trehspdrtb y su usd bh bj åikntd cb bstucnd Euhqub bj åikntd cb bstucnd bstå odhstuncd pdr jes odieroes cbj Vejjbs y su odhbxndhbs odh bj bhtdrhd Iertdrbjj bh je cbj Kenx Jjdkrbget, bs dkjngecd bhieroer jes prdpubstes bh sus rbjeondhbs odh dtrds åikntds qub prdcuobh sdjnonteondhbs sdkrb bj cb bstucnd. E bstb bfbotd, sb aeh rbblecd bh gråods ecluhtds jds cetds cb jes NIC bh je rbc vnerne cb Oetejuõe, bjekdrecds odh cetds cbj Inhnstbrnd cb Fdibhtd, je Gbhbrejntet y jes Cnputeondhbs prdvnhonejbs0 nguejibhtb, sb aeh ehejnzecd bstes nhtbhsncecbs ibcnes cnernes pdr jd qub rbspbote ej tråod pbsecd. Bh bsds gråods, sb pubcb dksbrver qub bstes nhtbhsncecbs sdh bxobsnves sÿjd bh jes prdxnincecbs, y bh bj nhtbrndr, cb je [bgnÿh ibtrdpdjntehe, y teiknîh bj nipdrtehtb pepbj cb cnstrnkuonÿh qub bhbh jes jjeieces oerrbtbres jdoejbs0 aboad qub sb egreve bh je rbgnÿh pdr jd qub rbspbote ej tråod cb oeindhbs. Euhqub sn sb odipereh jes nhtbhsncecbs cb tråod e jes oerrbtbres odh je oepeoncec cb oece uhe, sb odhojuyb qub bståh iuoad iås odhgbsdhecds cbtbrinhecds treids cb je rbc sbouhcerne qub jes eutdpnstes ibtrdpdjntehes Jes oerbhones cb rbc vnej cb je [bgnÿh ibtrdpdjntehe sdh iås grevbs cbscb je pbrspbove cbj tråod gbhbrecd bh bste insie rbc qub pdr bj tråod cb pesd, e pbser cb je nipdrtehone bstretîgnoe cb jes ibroehoées cb pesd aeone bj pubrtd cb Kerobjdhe y e Frehone, qub ve iås ejjå cb su nipdrtehone ouehteve rbej, y jes cnoujtecbs cb bhtrece bh bj pubrtd qub gbhbreh odhgbsdhbs bh tdcds sus eoobsds. Bj ehåjnsns cb je eoobsnknjncec ej tbrrntdrnd odhfbrnce pdr je eotuej rbc cb oerrbtbres y je cb jds prnhonpejbs blbs urkehds iubstre teiknîh uhe sntueo sntueonÿh nÿh perecÿ perecÿlno lnoe< e< bs iås råpncd råpncd eoobcbr eoobcbr e iuoads iuoads bspeon bspeonds ds nhcust nhcustrne rnejbs jbs cbj Vejjbs Vejjbs cbscb cbscb jugerb jugerbss rbjeveibhtb prÿxnids pdr je rbc cb eutdpnstes, pbrd bjjd snghnoe je hbobsncec cb bfbotuer rbodrrncds supjbibhternds cb ‚vubjte’ cbscb uhe sejnce cb bjjes aeste bj puhtd cb cbshd, snbiprb sdkrboergehcd jes oerrbtb oerr btbres res jdoejbs jdoejbs.. Bse rbc sbouhc sbouhcern ernee cb cnstrn cnstrnkuo kuonÿh nÿh bs cîknj, cîknj, odh iuoads iuoads jugerb jugerbss qub prbsbh prbsbhteh teh ‚bstrehgujeinbhtds’ cb oepeoncec0 bstå odhstunce, bh gbhbrej, pdr rbodrrncds snh ejtbrheve, y bhb uhe ieje odhbxnÿh odh je rbc cb eutdpnstes. _n sb pdhbh bh uh insid grefd cb ehåjnsns jes rbcbs kåsnoe, je sbouhcerne cb oerrbtbres y jds blbs ertbrnejbs urkehds, sb odiprubke qub hd bs fåonj pere bj usuernd odiprbhcbr bsb fuhondheinbhtd cb lbrerquée cb rbcbs pere pbhbtrer bh bj tbrrntdrnd, pdrqub iuy e ibhucd uh bhjeob odipjnoecd cb je rbc kåsnoe bs, e je vbz, eoobsd e je rbc cb oejjbs cb uh iuhnonpnd, odh jd ouej je treie cbj bhtdrhd urkehd sufrb jds bfbotds cb odhgbsÿh cbj bhjeob. Nhojusd, iuoads cb jds bsqubies urkehésods cb onrountds cb rdhce y pbhbtreonÿh cb jds cnfbrbhtbs snstbies urkehds bståh odhecds bh eutdpnstes bh qub peseh pdr equbj jecd, snh tbhbr bh oubhte jds odhnotds cb uncbz cb je onroujeonÿh urkehe qub bsd odipdrte. Esninsid, sb ae bfbotuecd uh trekeld ehåjdgd cb ehåjnsns cb je nhsbronÿh cb je rbc fbrrdvnerne, bxnstbhtb y prdybotece, odh bj odhluhtd cb jes rbcbs vnejbs, y sb ae bhodhtrecd odid prnibre sdrprbse odh qub pdoes vbobs aekéeh sncd supbrpubstes e bsoeje cb prdybotd, y qub jes prdpubstes cb hubvdss prdybotds sb nhtbrbrbh hubvd nhtbrbrbh iutueibht iutueibhtbb hd teh sÿjd bh pjehte snhd bh ejzecd, y uhes odhcnondheh odhcnondheh jes resehtbs dtres, odh je odhsboubhone qub sb gbhbreh kerrbres urkehes qub cnonjibhtb pubcb cngbrnr bj tbrrnt tbr rntdrn drnd d snh iejkeret iejkereter er bj pensel penselb. b. Bh bstb bstb oesd, oesd, sb ae tretec tretecd d cb cer reondhejn reondhejncec cec e jes cnfbrbht cnfbrbhtbs bs prdpubstes cb rbcbs fbrrdvnernes, cbscb je pbrspbove cb su oepeoncec cb bstruotureonÿh cb jds snstbie cb onucecbs y cbscb je jÿgnoe idrfdjÿgnoe cbj tbrrntdrnd, nhuybhcd teiknîh bh prdybotds odhorbtds bh oursd cb rbceoonÿh pdr je _borbterée cb Idvnjncec cb je Gbhbrejntet< blb trehsvbrsej fbrrdvnernd cb ibroehoées y vée drkntej cb obroehées ibtrdpdjntehes. _dkrb bjjes sb aeh prdpubstd odrrboondhbs y uh trezecd fbrrdvnernd iås

 

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bhoelecd ej tbrrntdrnd y odh jes rbcbs vnejbs. ]eser cb uh snstbie recnej odid bj eotuej, e uh snstbie iås iejjecd, nipjnoe, bh bstb oesd, tbhbr bh oubhte je bxpjdteonÿh cb jes vées, pbhser bh je hbobsncec cb nhtbroeiknds y bh bj pepbj cb oepteonÿh cb idvnjncec qub bhbh qub luger jes bsteondhbs. Fnhejibhtb, bj bstucn bst ucnd d qub sb ae ab aboad oad cb jds rb rbodrr odrrncd ncdss cb eutdku eutdkusbs sbs nht nhtbru brurke rkehds hds ae pbrin pbrincd cd odiper odiperer er bstds bstds odrrbcdrbs odh jes odkbrtures futures cb je rbc fbrrdvnerne cb obroehées0 jds rbsujtecds ceh pnb e bjekdrer pdstbrndrbs bstucnds cb cbhnonÿh cbj snstbie rbgndhej cb kusbs, ehejnzer je boeone cb jds pdsnkjbs oerrnjbs rbsbrvecds bh je rbc vnej, odid teiknîh pjehtber je hbobsncec nhtbroeiknecdrbs pdtbhtbs odh bj fbrrdoerrnj. ]brd, uhe odhojusnÿh nipdrtehtb cb bste pertb cbj bstucnd bs qub jds eutdkusbs odieroejbs onroujeh hdriejibhtb pere je rbc sbouhcerne, pdrqub bs je qub jds pbrintb eoobcbr iås cnrboteibhtb e jes pereces urkehes, y, pdr jd tehtd, cb pdod sbrvnråh oerrnjbs bspbonejnzecds bh je rbc kåsnoe snhd qub sb ejtbreh jds rbodrrncds eotuejbs, odse cnonj pdrqub sdh bj rbsujtecd cb odhobsndhbs pükjnoes odh tdcevée uh jergd pbrndcd cb iergbh cb vbhoninbhtd. Jd qub bs nhhbgekjb bs qub bj tbie eutdkusbs bs ojevb pere bj fuhondheinbhtd cbj trehspdrtb ibtrdpdjntehd, b nhtrdcuob odhsncbreondhbs hubves sdkrb bj cnsbõd cb jes rbcbs vnernes y fbrrdv fbr rdvner nernes nes.. Orntbr Orntbrnds nds cb cnsbõd cnsbõd cb je prdpub prdpubste ste cb drcbhe drcbheonÿ onÿh h Odh je pbrspb pbrspbov ovee bxpubs bxpubste, te, sb aeh rbcn rbcnsb sbõe õecd cd je jess rbcb rbcbss cb nhfr nhfreb ebst stru ruot otur uree cbj cbj tr treh ehsp spdr drtb tb pr prdp dpub ubst stes es aest aestee eadr eadree pere pere bj åikn åikntd td,, pjehtbåhcdsbjes hd pdr hnvbjbs snhd tdces luhtes (rbc kåsnoe rbgndhej, rbc cb odhbxnÿh, rbcbs urkehes cb eoobsd y cnstrnkuonÿh y rbc cb fbrrdoerrnj). Bh jds pjehds ecluhtds sb pubcb dksbrver bj ouncecd odh qub sb aeh prdybotecd jes nhfrebstruotures odh rbjeonÿh e uh tbrrntdrnd qub bhb su prdpne idrfdjdgée y uhes onucecbs qub bhbh qub aeh cb sbr fevdrbonces pdr bstes rbcbs. Esé, bj insid trezecd hd sb jninte e cbhnr uhds odrrbcdrbs oetejdgecds pdr fuhondhbs y peråibtrds cb cnsbõd, snhd qub aekje cb rbc ühnoe, pbrd odh hnvbjbs cnfbrbhonecds cb odhobponÿh odh rbspbotd e je sbgurncec y je vbjdoncec. Bste rbc bs uh epdyd cbj orboninbhtd urkehd y hd pubcb sbr cnsbõece ej iergbh cb je bstruoture cb bstb orboninbhtd, pdr bsd, bj bsfubrzd cb pjesier vées, tbrrntdrnd y onucecbs bh je insie kesb rbfbrbhonej ecqunbrb iås nipdrtehone y ce iås vejdr eõecncd ej trekeld. Je rbc prdybotece prbtbhcb, sb rboejoe uhe vbz iås, jds dklbvds sngunbhtbs<  5. Iejjer bj tbrrntdrnd, odh onrountds ejtbrhevds cb tråod.  ;. Rhnoer jds hnvbjbs cb eoobsnknjncec cb jds snstbies urkehds. ?. Iehtbhbr, pdr odhtre, iås ejblecds jds bspeonds qub sb qunbrbh prbsbrver cb je urkehnzeonÿh.  3. Orber uhes rdhces urkehes ojeres bh oece snstbie urkehd qub hd odnhonceh odh eutdpnstes cb je rbc kåsnoe d odh eoobsds e bses eutdpnstes.  2. _nipjnoer je fdrie cb jds bhjeobs cb je rbc kåsnoe, pere qub, snh qub pbrcbr oepeoncec sbeh cb iås fåonj odiprbhsnÿh pdr sus usuernds.  6. [bsdjvbr jds prdkjbies cb nikrnoeonÿh tbrrntdrnej y urkehe bh je bsoeje ecbouece, qub bhb qub sbr je insie cbj pjehbeinbhtd urkehésod. 7. Odhobknr je rbfdrie cb jes rbcbs fbrrdvnernes cbscb je jÿgnoe cb uhe rbc prdgrbsnveibhtb iejjece, odh bj h cb fevdrbobr je frboubhone cb onroujeondhbs y jds nhtbroeiknds cb snstbie.  1. ]jehtbersb, bh bstb oesd, oesn odid blbronond tbÿrnod pdr jes cnoujtecbs cb su gbsÿh, uhe rbc cb eutdkusbs odieroejbs qub pbrinte jds rbodrrncds aeone obhtrds urkehds y jugerbs cb trehsfbrbhone odh bj fbrrdoerrnj. Bh jds pjehds ecluhtds sb pubcb dksbrver je rbjeonÿh cb jes prdpubstes odh rbjeonÿh e je idrfdjdgée cbj tbrrntdrnd y odh jds snstbies cb onucecbs. Ej sbr uhe rbc cb sdpdrtb cbj drcbh urkehd y tbrrntdrnej, bj bsfubrzd cb pjesier oerrbtbres y rbc vnej prnhonpej cb jes onucecbs bh je insie kesb ae pbrincd ecbouer jes sdjuondhbs cb uhes y cb dtrds, odh ieydr boeone cbj snstbie. Ejguhds tbies pdjîinods< prdpubstes sdkrb

 

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bses nhfrebstruotures Iuoaes cb jes vées cbj vngbhtb ]jeh cb oerrbtbres hd aeh sncd odhstrunces pdrqub sdh jes qub aeh jbvehtecd uhe pdjîinoe ieydr rbspbotd e su boeone y sdkrb tdcd sus bfbotds eiknbhtejbs y tbrrntdrnejbs. ]djîinoe qub sb eorbonbhte cbhtrd cbj eotuej cbketb sdkrb uh idcbjd iås sdstbhnkjb cb idvnjn idv njncec cec,, esé odid odid pdr bj odhdon odhdoninb inbhtd htd iås cbtejj cbtejjecd ecd cb jds nipeot nipeotds ds qub equbjj equbjjes es b bhbh hbh sdkrb sdkrb cbtbrinhecds jugerbs. Bj prnibrd cb bstds cbketbs rbkese je nhtbhonÿh cb bstb bsorntd, y teiknîh cbj trekeld qub sb odibhte, pbrd bj sbguhcd ae sncd bj obhtrd cbj ehåjnsns y cbj cnsbõd cnsbõd qub sb aeh rbejnzecd. rbejnzecd. Bj ouertd ouertd onhturÿh, pdr blbipjd, bs uhd vée pbrnibtrej cb ejte oepeoncec qub ae sncd odhtbipjece bh tdces jes prdpubstes cb rbc vnerne ibtrdpdjntehe cbscb je jblehe [bc Ertbrnej cb 5>72. Je prdpubste eotuej cbj Inhnstbrnd cb Fdibhtd cb odhstrunr uhe eutdvée cbscb bj sur y bj obhtrd cb je ]bhéhsuje Nkîrnoe aeone Frehone, jnkbrece cb jes nhtbrfbrbhones cb jds snstbies urkehds qub ae cb etrevbser, je ae vubjtd e pdhbr bh bj obhtrd cb uhe bhobhcnce pdjîinoe. Je rbbxnÿh y je prdpubste ejtbrheve sdkrb bj ouertd onhturÿh qub sb anzd bh bj trekeld qub sb odibhte, ve e sbr, pdsnkjbibhtb, bj prnhonpej idvd cb je cnfusnÿh cb îstb, euhqub su odhtbhncd sbrée iås eipjnd. Eotuejibhtb, bj Cbperteibhtd cb ]djéoe Sbrrntdrnej y Dkres ]ükjnoes bstå rbceotehcd uhe prdpubste cb trezecd cb cbtejjb sdkrb je kesb cb je bfbotuece bh bstb trekeld, pere je ouej ae rbourrncd, odid cbsgreoneceibhtb bs aekntuej, e uhe tbrobre dpnhnÿh tîohnoe, odse sdrprbhcbhtb sn sb bhb bh oubhte qub su pepbj hd bs bj cb årkntrd bhtrb pdstures snhd bj cb egbhtb cb nhtbrvbhonÿh sdkrb bj tbrrntdrnd e qunîh odipbtb je bjekdreonÿh cb prdpubstes ecboueces e oece prdkjbie. Je prdpubste sdkrb bj NV onhturÿh qub sb ae rbejnzecd bh bj trekeld prbtbhcb nhtbgrer je odhobponÿh cb vernehtb bxbhte cb odhnotds urkehds qub prbodhnze bj Inhnstbrnd cb Fdibhtd odh jes pdsnkjbs hbobsncecbs cb uhe rdhce bxtbrndr ibtrdpdjntehe. Bs uhe vnble pdjîinoe, pbrd jds drgehnsids cb oerrbtbres huhoe aeh eoekecd cb eobpterr qub uhe rdhce bxtbrndr eobpte bxtbrndr teh sÿjd bs üj ouehcd, e je vbz, snrvb bj tråod cb pesd y jds nhbrernds nhbrernds cb onrouhvejeonÿh nhtbrhds e jds snstbies urkehds0 iås tdcevée, aeob iuoad cb bipd qub sb ae cbidstrecd qub bh jes grehcbs årbes ibtrdpdjntehes bj pdrobhtelb cb tråod cb pesd rbspbotd ej cb onrouhvejeonÿh nhtbrhe bs pbqubõd, odid jd iubstre bj nhorbibhtd cb onroujeonÿh, nhojusd cb oeindhbs, qub sb prdcuob bh jes prdxnincecbs cb je rbgnÿh cb Kerobjdhe. Bstes rezdhbs sdh nipdrtehtbs e je adre cb cboncnr bj oeråotbr qub bhb qub ecqunrnr bj jjeiecd NV onhturÿh, qub bs, pdsnkjbibhtb, je nhfrebstruoture iås odhnove cb jes prdpubstes pere bj Vejjbs bh bj ]jeh cb Oerrbtbres vngbhtb. Sej odid sb iubstre e jds gråods sngunbhtbs, hd perbob teh hbobserne su odhobponÿh odid tbrobr kypess cb Oetejuõe, bh bj sbhcd hdrtb-sur, tehtd odid su fuhonÿh cb vée drkntej cb je rbgnÿh, qub pbrinte onrountds ejtbrhevds cb cnstrnkuonÿh bh fdrie cb pbnhb qub nhtbrobptb bj tråod eubhtb cbj bxtbrndr y jds cnstrnkuye pdr je iejje ibtrdpdjntehe, odid uhe ejtbrheve ej oeråotbr bxobsnveibhtb recnej cb je rbc eotuej. Bj bstucnd cb tråod qub bfbotuÿ sdkrb îste vée je Oåiere cb Odibrond cb Kerobjdhe iubstre bstb aboad ojereibhtb< je sdjnonteonÿh prnhonpej cb je vée vbhcrå cb jds rbodrrncds cb onrouhvejeonÿh ibtrdpdjntehe. Nguejibhtb, je dponÿh cb prbster etbhonÿh prbfbrbhtb ej pepbj cb rdhce bxtbrndr ibtrdpdjntehe, qub, e je vbz, pbrinte cbsvner bj tråod pbsecd qub odhgbsdhe bh je eotuejncec je eutdpnste K-?=, pbrintb jninter eadre je cnsousnÿh ej treid cbj NV onhturÿh bhtrb Iertdrbjj, d sn sb prbbrb _eht _ecurhé cb Hdne, aeste Je [doe cbj Vejjbs, y cbler pere iås ecbjehtb jes pdjîinoes prdjdhgeondhbs aeone bj sur, pdr bj ]bhbcás, d aeone bj hdrtb pdr _eht Objdhn. Bste Vée drkntej pbrinrå esé  obrrer uh ehnjjd bxtbrndr, orber uhe iejje ouecrnoujece cb eutdpnstes bh bj tbrrntdrnd cbj Vejjbs y cbj Kenx Jjdkrbget, odh pdsnknjncec cb nhbrernds ejtbrhevds, y, ej insid bipd, nhtbrobpter jes eotuejbs oerrbtbres H-?3= y H-NN ehtbs cb pbhbtrer bh bj tbrrntdrnd ibtrdpdjntehd, pere cbsvner bj tråod cb pesd. Bj trezecd qub sb ae prdpubstd pere bste Vée drkntej prbtbhcb nhsbrtersb bh bj tbrrntdrnd urkehd qub etrevnbse, nhtbgråhcdsb cbhtrd cb jes treies urkehes cb Ekrbre, Sbrresse, _ekecbjj y Grehdjjbrs, odh bj h cb eprdvboaer uhe nhvbrsnÿh teh pdtbhtb pere rbsdjvbr jds vnblds prdkjbies cb bstruoture urkehe qub bhbh bh sus kdrcbs, y bvnte sbperersb cb bses onucecbs pdrqub bjjd orberée hubvds bspeonds cb prbsnÿh urkehésoe. ^ ej jjbger ej bspeond tdcevée vnrgbh, cbscb bj puhte cb vnste urkehésod, cbj Vejjbs Drnbhtej, sb ae cbspjezecd aeone bj sur bj ehtbrndr rbodrrncd prdpubstd bh bj ]jeh cb oerrbtbres, odh je cdkjb nhtbhonÿh cb ejblersb cb je tdpdgree iåss ekru iå ekrupt ptee y, pdr pdr jd teht tehtd, d, cb jd jdss bspe bspeond ondss iås iås er erkd kdje jecd cds, s, y pbri pbrin nrr bstr bstruo uotu ture rerr bj od odh hhu hud d cb

 

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urkehnzeondhbs cb kele cbhsncec qub bxnstb bh bj hdrtb cb je odieroe. Bj nhbrernd cb bstb treid, pdr bj aboad cb hbobsnter tühbjbs odhhuds pere nhsbrtersb bh je eooncbhtece tdpdgree, rbcuob jds nipeotds sdkrb bj tbrrntdrnd y ejble je oréoe sbgüh je ouej bste vée bs uhe bxouse pere cer pesd e hubve urkehnzeonÿh. Odh bstb bspérntu sb ae cnsbõecd, e bsoeje cb prdybotd urkehd, bj pesd pdr oece uhe cb jes pdkjeondhbs sbõejeces, odid sb iubstre bh je prdpubste cb pesd pdr _ekecbjj, cb iehbre sdtbrrece y odh uh greh pubhtb sdkrb bj réd [npnd, qub pubce sbr eprdvboaehcd teiknîh pere cer odhhuncec, ibcnehtb oejzeces jetbrejbs, e je teh hbobserne rdhce urkehe cb je onucec, qub nhtbgrb hejibhtb jds cbserrdjjds urkehésods bxnstbhtbs ej dtrd jecd cb equbj réd. Frutd cb bstb trekeld, bj Inhnstbrnd cb Fdibhtd ae nhodrpdrecd bste sdjuon sdj uonÿh ÿh odid odid ejtbrh ejtbrhev evee cb trezec trezecd d bh bj odrrbs odrrbspdh pdhcnb cnbhtb htb Bstucn Bstucnd d Nhfdri Nhfdriev evd, d, euhqub euhqub odh onbrte onbrtess rbsnstbhones idveces pdr uhe cnoujtec tîohnoe cb bhtbhcbr qub je nhsbronÿh bh jes treies urkehes, qub sb bhseyÿ bhsey ÿ odh tehtd îxntd bh jes rdhces rdhces cb Kerobjdhe, Kerobjdhe, bs bj oeinhd pere rbodhonjner rbodhonjner oerrbtbre oerrbtbre y onucec, onucec, sdkrb tdcd bh bstb oesd bh qub, ecbiås, hd bxnstbh nipbcnibhtds pere ouipjnr jds peråibtrds qub le je Nhstruoonÿh cb oerrbtbres. Bste prdpubste pere bj ouertd onhturÿh sb bhb qub bhtbhcbr cbhtrd cbj bhfdqub gjdkej cb jes rbcbs ibtrdpdjntehes cb trehspdrtb qub sb ae bxpubstd ehtbrndribhtb. Bjjd odhjjbve dtres cds odhojusndhbs0 je prnibre, qub aekrå qub odhstrunr vées odipjbibhternes pere gerehzer jds onrountds cb cnstrnkuonÿh pere jds snstbies urkehds cbj Vejjbs, pdrqub hd bs pdsnkjb gerehzer je pbribeknjncec cbj tbrrntdrnd sdkrboergehcd jes odhgbsdheces vées jdoejbs0 je sbguhce, qub bj fuhondheinbhtd bh iejje odh rbodrrncds ejtbrhevds nipjnoe bjninher je cnstdrsnÿh qub supdhbh jds pbelbs cb cbhtrd cbj ehnjjd gbhbrecd pdr bj ouertd onhturÿh (bs cbonr, jds bxnstbhtbs bh je eotuejncec bh Idhtoece, Idjjbt y Iertdrbjj. Dtrd prdybotd nipdrtehtb qub fdrie pertb cb jes vées sbouhcernes cb cnstrnkuonÿh ibhondheces bs bj cb je vée Nhtbrpdjer Iertdrbjj-Grehdjjbrs, qub teiknîh bstå cbhncd bh tdcds jds pjehbs cb oerrbtbres y cb drcbheonÿh urkehésoe cbscb je prdpubste cb [bc Ertbrnej cb 5>72. Bste vée snbiprb ae sncd odhobknce odid uhe vée cb ejte oepeoncec, pbrd bspbonejnzece bh rbodrrncds odrtds ibtrdpdjntehds, bh je ibcnce bh qub uhnrée jes pdkjeondhbs iås nipdrtehtbs uknoeces cbtrås cb je snbrre cb Odjjsbrdje y bj rdsernd cb pdjégdhds nhcustrnejbs qub aey bhtrb bjjes. Rhe pertb cb bste vée ye ae sncd odhstrunce< bs bj treid bhtrb [uké y _eht Ouget cbj Vejjbs0 treid bh bj qub sb ae dptecd pdr uhe oerrbtbre cbscdkjece cb ouetrd oerrnjbs, odh rdtdhces cb odhbxnÿh odh uhe éhtbrcnstehone cb eprdxnieceibhtb qunhnbhtds ibtrds0 snh bikergd, jes prdpubstes cb je Cnrboonÿ Gbhbrej cb Oerrbtbrbs sdkrb su odhhuncec nhsnstbh e cerjb uh oeråotbr cb eutdvée, sdjuonÿh qub perbob je iås ecbouece pere jes fuhondhbs e qub sb qunbrb cbcnoer. Je vée Nhtbrpdjer bs, pdsnkjbibhtb, je iås odhstruoonÿh iås urgbhtb cbscb bj puhtd cb vnste cb su hbobsncec, sn sb bhb bh oubhte je fejte, ehtbs odibhtece, cb vées sbouhcernes cb cnstrnkuonÿh bhtrb jds snstbies urkehds. ]brd vnstd su odstb cb blbouonÿh y je cbknjncec cb jds rboursds eutdhÿinods pere oerrbtbres, snbiprb sb ae pdspubstd0 jds odhnotds jdoejbs cbrnvecds cb su blbouonÿh aeh sncd teiknîh uhe oeuse cb bste sntueonÿh, e je ouej sb ae eõecncd je fejte cb prbsnÿh cb jds gdknbrhds iuhnonpejbs sdkrb su odhstruoonÿh. Hd dkstehtb, hd bs odhobknkjb, odid ye sb ae nhsnscd, odhhuer rbfdrzehcd je rbc cb eutdpnstes cb jergd rbodrrncd snh odipjbter je rbc sbouhcerne cb cnstrnkuonÿh0 bj prdkjbie bs qub vnste je sntueonÿh cb je hehoneonÿh eutdhÿinoe, sb bstå odhcbhecd e peoter odhhueibhtb nhvbrsndhbs bstetejbs y snbiprb bståh cbhtrd cb sus åikntds cb odipbtbhone, qub bh bstb oesd sdh jes eutdvées cbj Bstecd. Hd bs îstb bj juger pere bhodhtrer fÿriujes iågnoes qub rbsubjveh bstb grevb prdkjbie cb fdhcd, pbrd aerå fejte iuoae niegnheonÿh pere hehoner je rbc sbouhcerne. Jds trbs treids iås odhnovds cbj trezecd cb je Vée nhtbrpdjer sdh bj cb su nhnond, bs cbonr< bj treid Iertdrbjj- [uké, bj pesd pdr cbhtrd cbj hüojbd urkehd cb Kerkbrí cbj Vejjás y bj treid hej bh bj iuhnonpnd cb ]erbts. Sdcds bjjds aeh sncd pjehtbecds bh bj bstucnd, y sb eodipeõe je prdpubste cb rbsdjuonÿh cb ejguhds0 pbrd odhvnbhb cbtbhbrsb krbvbibhtb bh je prdpubste bfbotuece pere bj treid hej, pdrqub bs uh blbipjd cb hubve odhobponÿh odid vée cb cnstrnkuonÿh y hd odid eutdvée pesehtb. Bste prdpubste, qub ae sncd dklbtd cb uh bstucnd odipjbibhternd bhoergecd pdr je Cnputeonÿh ]rdvnhonej, odhojuyb qub bs eksurce je odhstruoonÿh cb uhe hubve vée qub cbspbrcnonb je oepeoncec cb je eotuej oerrbtbre O-522 cb Grehdjjbrs e Jjnçí, je ouej bs pråooeibhtb perejbje y iuy prÿxnie e je Vée nhtbrpdjer. Je prdpubste kusoe odhluger eikes vées, y

 

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prdpdhb uh bsqubie odiknhecd cb iås oepeoncec gjdkej, cb iås pbribeknjncec bh bj tbrrntdrnd y, bh odhsboubhone, odh uhe bxngbhone ibhdr cb peråibtrds cb vbjdoncec sdkrb je hubve oerrbtbre, jd ouej rbcuonrå su nipeotd, tej odid sb iubstre e je gure ecluhte y e jds pjehds cb bhoelb bh jds pubkjds qub etrevnbse. Je vnsuejnzeonÿh cb jes prdpubstes e perr cb je bsoejbre cb prdybotd ae cbtbrinhecd iuoaes cb jes prdpubstes cb eoobsds e jes rbcbs kåsnoes cb oejjbs cb jds snstbies urkehds cbj årbe, sb aeh oeiknecd cnvbrs cnv brses es sdjuon sdjuondhb dhbss pbhsec pbhseces es cbscb cbscb jes oerrbt oerrbtbre bress bh vns vnste te cb jes hbobsn hbobsncec cecbs bs cb je treie treie urkehe urkehe odhfrdhtece. _b ae kusoecd qub bj eoobsd cb jes vées cb hnvbj jdoej e jes cb oeråotbr supbrndr hd sb cî huhoe bh bhjeobs cb je rbc kåsnoe, odh bj h cb jnkbrer cb odhgbsÿh e eikds pds cb rbcbs, y, bh oeiknd, qub sbeh verneces jes ejtbrheves cb eoobsd cbscb jes rbcbs kåsnoes urkehes. Bste nhtbhonÿh ae dkjngecd e bstucner odh cbtejjb jes prdpubstes vnejbs cb jds ]jehbs urkehésods cb oece iuhnonpnd y sbjboondher, cb eoubrcd odh jds rbspbovds pjehbs iuhnonpejbs cb idvnjncec, je rbc cb cnstrnkuonÿh onrouhvejer o nrouhvejer nhtbrhe cb jds snstbies urkehds cb Iertdrbjj-Ekrbre, cb Sbrresse, cb _ekecbjj, cb Grehdjjbrs, y teiknîh cbj odhluhtd cb iuhnonpnds cbj Vejjbs iås prÿxnids e Kerobjdhe, odid jds cb dtrd jecd cbj réd Kbsÿs. _b ecluhte odid blbipjd je rbsdjuonÿh cbj bhjeob bhtrb je Vée nhtbrpdjer, ehtbs odibhtece, y je eutdpnste O-21 bh _ekecbjj, cdhcb sb ae nhtbhtecd odhluger bj orntbrnd o rntbrnd cb sbpereonÿh cb jds eoobsds jdoejbs cb jds nhtbroeiknds bhtrb vées prnhonpejbs odh bj orntbrnd cb drcbh fdriej ej sbrvnond cb je drcbheonÿh prdpubste bh bj bhtdrhd. Bh je gure ecluhte sb pubcb odiperer je prdpubste nhnonej cb je Cnrboonÿ Gbhbrej cb Oerrbtbrbs odh je qub prdpubste bh bj bstucnd, odipereonÿh cdhcb bs fåonj odiprdker jds orntbrnds cb cnsbõd ibhondhecds. ]rbonseibhtb bstb oeiknd cb idcbjd cb bhjeob sb ae aboad hd sdjd pere ibldrer su fuhondhejncec snhd sdkrb tdcd pere odhvbrrjd bh je pubrte cb bhtrece pdr bj sur e je onucec cb _ekecbjj, sbgüh je sdjuonÿh ye odhstrunce qub sb ecluhte y qub ae jjbvecd sus bfbotds aeste cbhtrd cb je onucec, bh uhe cbidstreonÿh cb qub hd sb prdybote uhe rbc vnerne snhd uh tbrrntdrnd, uh snstbie cb onucecbs Jes prdpubstes bfbotueces bh bj bstucnd odhbhbh, pubs, ejtbrheves e greh pertb cb jds prdkjbies cbrnvecds cb jds trezecds cb jes nhfrebstruotures qub sb ceh bh bj tbrrntdrnd ehejnzecd. E pbser cb bsd, sbrå bj ]jeh Sbrrntdrnej ibtrdpdjntehd bj qub cbtbrinhb jds elustbs cbhnvds cb bste prdpubste. Nguejibhtb, jes prdpubstes rbejnzeces sdh cb pd snod, cb trezecd y cb nipjehteonÿh urkehésoe, y hd bxojuybh je cbhnonÿh cb dtres ibcnces cb fdibhtd cb uhe idvnjncec iås sdstbhnkjb, cbhtrd cb jds dklbvds qub odrrbspdhcbh ej ]jeh ibtrdpdjntehd cb Idvnjncec. V.; ]JEH CN[BOSD[ VNE[ND CBJ IRHNON]ND CB _EKECBJJ (Iehubj Abrob y Frehobso Iegrnhyí)  Iegrnhyí)   Je gure cb ]jeh cnrbotdr cnrbotdr vnernd vnernd odhbhb odhbhb cds oereotbrés oereotbrésoes, oes, odid su hdikrb hdikrb nhcnoe< cnrbotdr y vnej. Bs uh pjeh cnrbotdr bh bj sbhcd qub sb prdpdhbh jéhbes gbhbrejbs cb drgehnzeonÿh y qub sb tbhcråh qub cbserrdjjer cbser rdjjer bh iuy cnvbrsds pjehbs cb nhtbrvbhon nhtbrvbhonÿh ÿh pdstbrndrb pdstbrndrbs. s. Bjjd supdhb prdybotds prdybotds bspboéods cb odhstruoonÿh d rbidcbjeonÿh cb jes oejjbs cb je onucec qub odhfdrieh bj bhtreiecd cb jes cnfbrbhtbs prdpubstes prdpub stes cbj ]jeh0 ibcnces cb onrouj onroujeonÿh eonÿh qub efboteråh efboteråh cnrboondhbs cnrboondhbs cb onroujeonÿh, onroujeonÿh, d ejtbreondhbs ejtbreondhbs cb je rbgujeonÿh sbiefÿrnoe, cb eperoeinbhtds, bto.0 prdybotds urkehésods cb treteinbhtd cb bspeonds cb oejjbs cb odbxnstbhone cbj tråod odh pbetdhbs, odh sukdrcnheonÿh ej tråod0 ejguhes ecepteondhbs cb cbtejjb cbj pjehbeinbhtd urkehésod vngbhtb0 je orbeonÿh cb hubvds rbodrrncds cb jes rbcbs cb eutdkusbs, y hejibhtb ibcnces cb cnvujgeonÿh cbj bhfdqub cb je idvnjncec urkehe qub sb prbtbhcb. _b jjeie vnernd pdr bj aboad cb qub jes prdpubstes sdh tdces cb nhtbrvbhonÿh sdkrb bstb pd cb bspeond. ]brd sb bhb qub cbler odhstehone cb qub bste cbhdinheonÿh sb ujnze bh tdces sus eobpondhbs, y hd cbscb je snipjb cb odhstruoonÿh cbj bspeond pükjnod cbj eutdiÿvnj, odid, cb fdrie sbsgece, sb ae bhtbhcncd pere bj vnej urkehd bh bj pesecd. Bj snstbie vnej cb je onucec sdpdrte tdcds jds pds cb snstbies cb idvnjncec cb pbrsdhes y ibroehoées, pbrd teiknîh ouipjb fuhondhbs nipdrtehtbs cb epdyd cb je bcnoeonÿh (cb jes ouejbs cbrnveh rbqubrninbhtds cb ejnhbeonÿh, resehtb y eoobsd), cb bspeond cb oehej cb pesd cb jes rbcbs cb nhfrebstruotures y sbrvnonds urkehds, cb bspeond cb odiuhnoeonÿh y vnce sdonej urkehe, cb bjbibhtd fuhceibhtej cbj bodsnstbie vbrcb cb je onucec, y cb dtres fuhondhbs ehåjdges. Bj ]jeh cnrbotdr vnej trete jds rbqubrninbhtds cb drcbheonÿh cbj snstbie vnej cb je onucec cbscb su sdjnonteonÿh pere fuhondhbs rbjeondheces odh je idvnjncec, bh tdcds sus

 

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espbotds. ]brd, dkvneibhtb, tdcds bstds espbotds bståh prbsbhtbs bh jes sdjuondhbs fdriejbs qub sb nhcnoeh pere jds cnfbrbhtbs pds cb oejjb. Jes prdpubstes cb bstb ]jeh sb odhorbteh bh je cbhnonÿh cb jds cnfbrbhtbs pds cb rbcbs qub sb ceh bh bstb snstbie vnernd< - Eoobsds e je onucec cbscb jes rbcbs cb odhbxnÿh rbgndhej. [bc vnej kåsnoe kåsnoe cb cnstrnkuonÿh cnstrnkuonÿh cbj tråhsntd tråhsntd rdcecd pdr je onucec. - [bc cb trehspdrtb trehspdrtb odjbovd odjbovd urkehd pdr eutdküs. - [bc cb nhbrernds cb pbetdhbs cb nhtbrîs y cb onrountds cb oerrnj knon. - Årbes cb pbetdhbs y oejjbs odh treteinbhtd cb odbxnstbhone pbetÿhvbaéoujds, odh jninteondhbs e je onroujeonÿh cb vbaéoujds. E perr cb bste cbhnonÿh, sb sbjboondherdh cnbonsîns prdpubstes cb odhstruoonÿh d rbidcbjeonÿh cb oejjbs odhsncbreces cb nhtbrvbhonÿh prndrnterne pere je odhsbouonÿh cb jds dklbvds cb bstb ]jeh. ]ere bjjes sb cbhnbrdh jes oereotbrésoes fuhceibhtejbs cb prdybotd, sbgüh ouåjbs sbeh jes fuhondhbs pere jes ouejbs sb rbqunbrbh0 sb oejoujÿ su odstb eprdxniecd y sb cbtbrinhÿ bh qub fubhtbs cb hehoneonÿh pdcréeh tbhbr bhoelb. Je nhvbrsnÿh tdtej prdpubste vnhd pjehtbece ibcnehtb uh bsqubie cb prdgreieonÿh tbipdrej, bh je ibcnce bh qub ejguhes prdpubstes hd sbeh üjbs sn hd aey dtrds cb prbvnes d qub hd aeye iås urgbhtbs. Ibtdcdjdgée ujnzece y dklbvds prdpubstds Jds bstucnds cb tråod y trehspdrtb sb aeh idvncd aekntuejibhtb cbhtrd cb jds jjeiecds bhfdqubs cb cbiehce. Bstb pd cb eprdxnieonÿh ibtdcdjÿgnoe sb kese bh uhe prdghdsns ouehteve cb jds rbqubrninbhtds cb idvnjncec cb je pdkjeonÿh, cb oere e pjehber uhe ecboueonÿh cb je rbc vnej y jds snstbies cb trehspdrtb e bste cbiehce future. Je ibtdcdjdgée cb jds ehåjnsns cb cbiehce ae epdrtecd evehobs nhstruibhtejbs nipdrtehtbs d ej ibhds ae odjekdrecd e su odhsdjnceonÿh< bhoubstes pere odhdobr jds idvds, jds treybotds y jds idcds cb jds cbspjezeinbhtds0 efdreinbhtds cb je nhtbhsncec cb tråod bh jds cnfbrbhtbs pds cb oejjbs, odh cnsorninheonÿh cb jds pds cb vbaéoujds y jes verneondhbs adrernes cb je oerge0 ejguhds ejgdrntids cb oåjoujd cb rbodrrncds cb oeinhds iéhnids0 y cbtbrinhecds ehåjnsns cb sbhsnknjncec cb oÿid je oerge cb uhe vée (je rbjeonÿh bhtrb je nhtbhsncec y je oepeoncec) efbote ej usd pdr pertb cb jds vbaéoujds prnvecds. ]brd, odh nhcbpbhcbhone cb bstb aboad, je pråooe ae idstrecd bj bquévdod cb su epjnoeonÿh e je drgehnzeonÿh cbj trehspdrtb bh bj ibcnd urkehd. _updhbr qub je onucec bhb qub cer rbspubste hd jnintece e jds cbsbds cb idvnjncec cb je pdkjeonÿh, y bh bj idcd cb trehspdrtb qub prbbre, ae jjbvecd e je cbstruoonÿh cb hubstres onucecbs, e je bhtrdhnzeonÿh cbj rbnhd cbj eutdiÿvnj. Bj cnibhsndhecd cb oejjbs odid ibre rbspubste e uh oåjoujd cb jds cbsbds futurds cb idvnjncec bh eutdiÿvnj, ae jjbvecd uh odhhud bhsehoaeinbhtd cb jes insies rutes, y e orber uh oéroujd vnondsd cnonj cb rdipbr< rbfubrzd cb jds insids blbs-nhorbibhtd cbj tråod bh bstds blbs-hubvd rbfdrzeinbhtd cbj blb. ]dr odhtre, je pråooe ae cbidstrecd qub je bxprbsnÿh cb je idvnjncec bh je onucec bs ojereibhtb uh rbsujtecd cb jes odhcnondhbs cb je dfbrte qub sb aeob0 jes ibldres bh bj trehspdrtb odjbovd y jes jninteondhbs bh bj vbaéoujd prnvecd aeh pbrincd bstekjbobr uhe idvnjncec ibhds egrbsnve y iås reondhej bh je onucec. Bj ]jehd cnrbotdr vnernd cb _eke _ekecb cbjjjj ae epjn epjnoe oecd cd uhe uhe cb df dfbr brte te,, ou ouye ye jds jdsd dee sb nhso nhsorn rnkb kb bh jd qub qub sb ae bx bxpu pubs bstd td.. _us _us pesd pesdss ibtdcdjÿgnods pere bj ehåjnsns sdh jds sngunbhtbs< - Odhdoninbhtd cb je idvnjncec eotuej, y cnfbrbhoneonÿh bhtrb vnelbs nhtreiuhnonpejbs b nhtbriuhnonpejbs, pdrqub su sesfeoonÿh cbpbhcb cb supubstds cnfbrbhtbs. Odhdoninbhtd cb je bxprbsnÿh eotuej cb je cbhsncec cb usd cb je rbc vnerne pdr onroujeonÿh cb vbaéoujds pükjnods y prnvecds. Ehåjnsns cb je drgehnzeonÿh bspeonej cb je onucec y je jdoejnzeonÿh cb jds usds urkehds odid etreotdrbs d gbhbrecdrbs cb idvnjncec pdtbhonej. Jdoejnzeonÿh cb bqunpeinbhtds y eovncecbs gbhbrecdres cb idvnjncec. - Ehåjnsns Ehåjnsns cb je oepeoncec cb je rbc vnej, odh cnfbrbhoneonÿh cnfbrbhoneonÿh cbj pd cb oejjbs qub prbsbhteh prbsbhteh oereotbrésoes oereotbrésoes iås ecboueces e oece pd cb idvnjncec, d pdsnknjncecbs cb eceptersb. - Ehåjnsns cb oÿid je fdrie cb je rbc, su tdpdjdgée, odhcnondhe je drgehnzeonÿh cb jes eovncecbs y, pdr jd tehtd, je bxprbsnÿh cb je idvnjncec. Îstb ehåjnsns sb aeob ibcnehtb je cbtboonÿh cb årbes obhtrejbs y iergnhejbs bh je onucec, cb kerrbres e je pbribeknjncec, cb je oepeoncec cb pbhbtreonÿh cbscb jds prnhonpejbs eoobsds. - Ehåjnsns cb je oepeoncec y je odkbrture cb jes rbcbs cb trehspdrtb odjbovd cb je onucec, odh rbspbotd e je cnstrnkuonÿh y je cbhsncec cb je pdkjeonÿh pdr kerrnds y e je uknoeonÿh cb jes årbes cbsheces e usds prdcuovds. Jes cnfbrbhtbs prdpubstes bjekdreces sb aeh sdibcd e uh "tbst" cb odiprdkeonÿh cbj fuhondheinbhtd, odh nhcnoecdrbs prdpnds cb uh

 

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bhfdqub cb dfbrte, qub sb rbsuibh bh cbtbrinher jds sngunbhtbs espbotds< - ]bribeknjncec cb je treie vnej cbscb jds cnfbrbhtbs eoobsds cbscb je rbc rbgndhej y odiprdkeonÿh odh je cb je rbc eotuej. Cnstrnkuonÿh prbvnsnkjb cb je oerge cb eoobsds cb vbaéoujds bxtbrhds e jds cnfbrbhtbs puhtds cb je onucec. -Eoobsnknjncec nhtbrhe cbhtrd cb je onucec y cbtboonÿh cb åikntds bspeonejbs qub ibldreh su pdsnonÿh d pnbrcbh su iergnhejncec. Odipereonÿh odh jes prbvnsndhbs cb cbserrdjjd cbj ]jeh Gbhbrej cb Drcbheonÿh Rrkehe. Odkbrture cb je rbc cb trehspdrtb pükjnod prdpubste. Ibldres odh rbspbotd e je sntueonÿh eotuej. - ]rdpubste cb drgehnzeonÿh cb je onroujeonÿh bh je [bc vnej kåsnoe cb cnstrnkuonÿh, odh cbjninteonÿh cb su oerge prbvnsnkjb y cb jes ibcnces dpdrtuhes pere ejoehzer bstds hnvbjbs cb cnstrnkuonÿh. Sbst cb oepeoncec. Bstb üjid espbot esp botd d prbons prbonsee cb uh odibht odibhtern ernd d ies cbtejj cbtejjecd ecd pdrqub pdrqub bs qunzås qunzås je epdrte epdrteonÿ onÿh h ibtdcd ibtdcdjÿgn jÿgnoe oe iås nipdrtehtb. Bj odhdoninbhtd cb je oerge eotuej cb je rbc (ereõe cb tråod) ae pbrincd su bxtrepdjeonÿh e futurd0 frbhtb e bste sntueonÿh sb ae pjetbecd ouej sbrne je oerge cb je rbc qub je onucec odhsncbrerée dpdrtuhe (dklbvd cbj ]jeh) ]ere peser cb dtre sb prbonse ejtbrer je fdrie cbj grefd cb sdpdrtb (rbc vnerne kåsnoe) pbrd sdkrb tdcd cb jes odhcnondhbs cb oepeoncec y vbjdoncec bh sus erods. Odh bste hejncec sb aeh ncd ejtbrehcd bses odhcnondhbs y rbpnbhcd jds blbrononds cb esngheonÿh cb vnelbs idtdrnzecds aeste ejoehzer uhe cnstrnkuonÿh ehåjdge e je kusoece. Cb bse iehbre, jes odhcnondhbs cb oepeoncec y vbjdoncec qub jjbveh ej rbsujtecd kusoecd sb aeh odhvbrcd bh dklbvd cbj ]jeh, y sdh jes qub aeh jjbvecd e je cbhnonÿh cb jes eotueondhbs vnernes qub sb prdpdhbh. Cb bste iehbre, uhe terbe hdriejibhtb hd bxpjnontece bh bj prdobsd aekntuej cb uh idcbjd cb cbiehce, sb bxpjnonte y odhvnbrtb bh dklbvd cbj ]jeh. ]drqub sbråh jes oereotbrésoes cb je dfbrte vnerne jes qub cbtbrinhbh bj usd futurd cb je rbc. Esé pubs, sb aeh cbtbrinhecd qub pere ejoehzer bses odhcnondhbs cb vbjdoncec y oepeoncec sdh hbobsernes ecboueondhbs snoes cb onbrtes oejjbs, bhsehoaeinbhtd d je rbcuoonÿh cb sus oejzeces, je odjdoeonÿh cb rdtdhces y bjbibhtds idcbrecdrbs cb je vbjdon vbjdoncec cec,, bto. bto. ]rdpub ]rdpubste stess cbj ]jeh ]jeh Cnrbot Cnrbotdr dr Jes prdpub prdpubst stes es cb nht nhtbrv brvbho bhonÿh nÿh sdkrb sdkrb oece oece treid treid sbjboondhecd cbj snstbie vnernd bhbh bh oubhte jes sdjnonteondhbs qub supdhb sdkrb oece oejjb bh odhorbtd su nhsbronÿh bh oece uhd cb jes rbcbs pjehtbeces, odh bspbonejnzeonÿh bh jes cnfbrbhtbs fdries cb idvnjncec. Odid sb ae cnoad, bj ]jeh cnrbotdr vnernd hd bs snipjbibhtb uhe prdpubste cb fdrie y drgehnzeonÿh cb rbcbs. ]dr bsd, su rbsujtecd hej bs je cbtboonÿh cb uhe sbrnb cb dpbreondhbs cb nhtbrvbhonÿh snoe sdkrb ejguhes oejjbs cb je onucec y je nhcnoeonÿh cb uhe ketbrée cb dpbreondhbs odipjbibhternes cbpbhcnbhtbs cb je prdgreieonÿh cb jes nhtbrvbhondhbs. Bs dkvnd qub je ieydrée cb jes prdpubstes sb obhtreh bh treids cb je rbc vnej kåsnoe cbshecds e je cnstrnkuonÿh bh vbaéoujds prnvecds0 pbrd, odid sb pubcb odiprdker e jd jergd cb je jboture cb bste ibidrne, su odhstruoonÿh bs hbobserne pere pdcbr ekdrcer, e odhhueonÿh, jes dpbreondhbs teiknîh prdgreieces cb rboupbreonÿh cb dtres oejjbs, ady odhgbsdheces, pere bj trehspdrtb pükjnod d bj pbetÿh. Jds rbsujtecds cb bstds ehåjnsns iubstreh je vneknjncec y jes vbhteles dpbreves qub sb cbrnveråh cb je nipjbibhteonÿh cb jes prdpubstes cb bstb ]jeh cnrbotdr0 odse jÿgnoe bh je ibcnce bh qub sÿjd supdhbh odipjbter y prdgreier pdjéoes cb drgehnzeonÿh vnej, y sdkrb bj trehspdrtb y je idvnjncec, qub ye sb epjnoeh cbscb aeob eõds bh bj iuhnonpnd cb _ekecbjj. Bj ehåjnsns cb odkbrture tbrrntdrnej qub jes hubves rbcbs prdpnoneh bs bj blbronond kåsnod qub aey qub aeobr prnibrd, pere qub, vnstd bj bhfdqub cb dfbrte ecdptecd odid ibtdcdjdgée bh bstb ]jeh cnrbotdr, sb kusoe je odhsbouonÿh cb uhe rbc iås pbribekjb, nsÿtrdpe y cb rbodrrncds ejtbrhevds pere oesn tdces jes pdsnknjncecbs cb ejoehzer jds dklbvds cbj ]jeh. Bs bvncbhtb qub, sn sb odhsngubh bstds dklbvds cb drgehnzeonÿh cb jes rbcbs vnejbs, je cnstrnkuonÿh cb je onroujeonÿh sb pdcrå drgehnzer cbscb pjehtbeinbhtds cb gbsÿh boez cb uhe rbc iüjpjb0 qub bj snstbie cb trehspdrtb odjbovd pdcrå ibldrer je odkbrture y bj bipd cb rbodrrncd bhtrb zdhes, y qub jds cbspjezeinbhtds e pnb d bh knonojbte knonojb te pdcråh tbhbr su bspeond prdpnd prdtbgncd cb je onroujeonÿh onroujeonÿh rdcece. Je odhstruoonÿ odhstruoonÿh h cb je [bc vnej kåsnoe prdpubste y cb sus eoobsds cbscb je [bc rbgndhej, odid teiknîh jes ibldres cb odkbrture e ejoehzer pere je rbc cb trehspdrtb odjbovd, supdhcrå je odhsbouonÿh cb uh idcbjd cb eoobsnknjncec nguejnterneibhtb rbperce pdr je treie urkehe cb je onucec, odh pdsnknjncecbs cb eoobsds iüjpjbs, y je odhsngunbhtb ibldre cb jes bxpboteves cb usd cb je dfbrte onucecehe cb bqunpeinbhtds y eovncecbs cb tdcd pd, odid teiknîh je vejdrnzeonÿh cb tdcds jds bspeonds cbj iuhnonpnd. Jes prdpubstes cb bstb ]jeh Cnrbotdr sb aeh

 

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ehejnzecd cbscb ouetrd pbrspboves cnfbrbhtbs y odipjbibhternes, qub sb snhtbzeh bh< odkbrture bspeonej cb jes rbcbs prdpubstes sdkrb je onucec cb _ekecbjj, ibldres e je cnstrnkuonÿh cb je onroujeonÿh y bj tråod, rbqubr rbq ubrnin ninbht bhtds ds sdkrb sdkrb idcnoe idcnoeond ondhbs hbs cbj ]jeh ]jeh gbhbre gbhbrejj cb drcbhe drcbheonÿ onÿh h qub pubceh pubceh rbqubr rbqubrnr nr tråint tråintbs bs ecinhnstrevds odipjbibhternds, y vneknjncec hehonbre cb jes prdpubstes. Odh bste vejnceonÿh cb je rbc, sb ae odiprdkecd teiknîh qub hd aeob fejte hnhguhe idcnoeonÿh cbj ]jeh gbhbrej cb drcbheonÿh urkehe, ye qub jes idcnoeondhbs puhtuejbs bfbotueces sdkrb sus prdpubstes cb rbc vnej bståh tdces cbhtrd cb åikntds cb pjehbeinbhtd sdkrb jds ouejbs bh bstb idibhtd bstå bh fesb cb rbceoonÿh bj ]jeh Bspbonej d ]eronej cb drcbheonÿh. Fnhejibhtb, bj ehåjnsns cb odstbs cb jes nhtbrvbhondhbs prdgreieces y je niputeonÿh cb ejguhds cb bjjds ej cbserrdjjd cb bstds pjehbs peronejbs d e su blbouonÿh cbhtrd cb jes prbvnsndhbs cbj ]jeh cb oerrbtbres cb Oetejuõe, jninte je hbobsncec cb nhvbrsnÿh bxtredrcnherne iuhnonpej pdr bstds odhobptds e uhe onfre cb ?6 injjdhbs cb burds, eksdjuteibhtb esbqunkjb bh bj pbrndcd cb blbouonÿh cbj ]jeh cnrbotdr qub sb bsie bh uhds cnbz eõds. Jds hnvbjbs cb nhtbrvbhonÿh qub sb prdpdhbh sdh cb ouetrd pds< - Dkres cb odhstruoonÿh y ecboueonÿh cb je rbc vnej kåsnoe, cdhcb sb odhobhtrerée bj tråod prnvecd cb cnstrnkuonÿh urkehe. - [bdrgehnzeonÿh prdgrbsnve cb je rbc cb eutdkusbs urkehds odh bj h cb ecepterje e je hubve prdpubste cb drgehnzeonÿh cb je idvnjncec y geher oudte cb peronpeonÿh bh bj trehspdrtb urkehd cb vnelbrds. - Orbeonÿh cb uhe rbc cb nhbrernds cb pbetdhbs y cb oerrnjbs knon prdtbgnce, qub rbfubrob bstb pd cb idvnjncec. - Eipjneonÿh cbj årbe cb pbetdhbs obhtrej b nhtrdcuoonÿh cb pdjéoes cb orbeonÿh cb oejjbs cb odbxnstbhone odbxns tbhone,, odh jninteonÿh jninteonÿh cbj tråod prnvecd, bh jds tblncds urkehds iås frågnjbs cb ejguhes ejguhes zdhes cb je onucec. ]ere su blbouonÿh bj prdgreie sb ae cnvncncd bh cnbonsîns dpbreondhbs urkehes cnfbrbhoneces, oece uhd cb jes ouejbs sb odhvnbrtb bh epdyd cb jes pdjéoes sdkrb je idvnjncec cbhnces bh bj ]jeh cnrbotdr. Odh rbspbotd e je odhstruoonÿh d rbidcbjeonÿh cb je rbc kåsnoe cb cnstrnkuonÿh cb je onroujeonÿh, je ieydrée cb jes dpbreondhbs prbvnstes efboteh e je odhstruoonÿh cb uhe rdhce nhtbrndr odhbotece bh cnvbrsds puhtds e je rbc bxtbrndr cb eutdpnstes0 y cbhnce odid rdhce cb ouetrd oerrnjbs odh eobres ehoaes y, bh gbhbrej, odh rdtdhces e jds bhjeobs odh bj rbstd cb je treie vnej prnhonpej cb je onucec. ]dr blbipjd, je odhstruoonÿh cb uhe hubve jjbve sur cb je onucec, e perr cb je odhstruoonÿh cbj hubvd bhjeob cb _eht ]eu qub sb odibhte bh bj epertecd ehtbrndr rbfbrncd e je rbc vnerne cbj Vejjás cb bstb jnkrd, pbrinrå bipbzer bste rdhce cbscb je future vée nhtbrpdjer qub obrrerå je rdhce pdr bj sur, y sdkrb tdcd rbidcbjer je bhtrece eotuej bh je onucec pdr je Greh Vée, cnsinhuybhcd je oerge cb tråod cb pesd y pdsnknjntehcd je ecboueonÿh e evbhnce urkehe pere tdcds jds usds y sdjnonteondhbs cb oeråotbr urkehd. Dtre greh dpbreonÿh cb bste rdhce bs qub pdsnknjnterå je odhhueonÿh aeste je [dhce Nkîrne, odh je rbidcbjeonÿh cb je odhgbsdhece pjeze qub jb snrvb cb eoobsd, y eprdvboaerå je suprbsnÿh nhinhbhtb cbj treid bjbvecd cb jds Fbrrdoerrnjbs cb je Gbhbrejntet. Bste rdhce ye bstå odhstrunce bh bj sbotdr cb Oeh Jjdhoa, pbrd bhb uh prdkjbie cb iuy cnonj rbsdjuonÿh d, ej ibhds cb uh greh odstb< bj oruob cbj réd [npdjj odh bj h cb odhboter odh jds kerrnds cb Je _ejuc y Sdrrb [dibrd y obrrer bj onrountd ye nhnonecd bh bj sbotdr nhcustrnej cb [dqubtbs. Je nhojusnÿh cb bste rbbxnÿh cbhtrd cb jes dkres cb pesd cbj Ouertd Onhturÿh pdr bj hdrtb cb je onucec, teiknîh odibhtece ej oepétujd ibhondhecd cb bstb jnkrd, pbrintb bhodhtrer hehoneonÿh pere odhhuer je [dhce bh tehtd qub oejzeces jetbrejbs cbj pubhtb sdkrb bj [npdjj cb bste eutdpnste. Dtres dpbreondhbs sdh iås nhtbrndrbs bh je onucec, odid je prdpubste cb rbidcbjeonÿh cb jds eoobsds ej obhtrd cb je onucec, sdkrb bj qub sb prdpdhbh cds ehnjjds0 uhd nhtbrndr qub rdcbe uh årbe tdtejibhtb cbcnoece e jds pbetdhbs, ye bxnstbhtb bh je eotuejncec, y dtrd bxtbrndr cb nhtbrobponÿh cb onroujeondhbs. Cbscb bstb sdjd sb pbrintbh ouetrd bhtreces (uhe cbscb oece puhtd oercnhej) y ouetrd sejnces, drgehnzehcd onrountds qub tbrinheh bh jds eperoeinbhtds iuhnonpejbs bxnstbhtbs y qub sdh snbiprb cb bhtrece-sejnce hd pbrintbh etrevbser bj obhtrd. Jes nhvbrsndhbs prdgreieces cb dkres cb vnejncec jjbgeh e jds 7=.;27.=== burds y sb bhbh qub rbejnzer bh trbs ouecrnbhnds cb nhvbrsnÿh, onfre cbcuonce cb jds ehtbprdybotds pdr jds ouejbs bstå odhtbhnce bh jes oaes qub oetejdgeh oece uhd cb jes cnbonsîns dpbreondhbs rbodibhceces. Ejguhes cb jes dkres bhbh epdrteondhbs cb blbouonÿh cb sbotdrbs cb subjd urkehnzekjb prdgreiecd, qub gerehzeh je odhsbouonÿh cbj subjd y je odhstruoonÿh cb je vnejncec kåsnoe, euhqub pdsnkjbibhtb hd je odhstruoonÿh cb bstruotures cb bhjeob. Dtrds odrrbspdhcbh, bh su blbouonÿh, e je

 

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Gbhbrejntet cb Oetejuõe, pdrqub bståh nhojunces cbhtrd cb su ]jeh cb oerrbtbres. Bj rbstd odrrbspdhcbh bh epdrteonÿh iuhnonpej bxtredrcnherne, ouye ouehe sb bxpdhb pere oece ouecrnbhnd. Esé pubs, cb jds 7=,; injjdhbs cb burds cb odstb oejoujecd cb jes dkres cb bstb ]jeh cnrbotdr, odrrbspdhcbh e epdrteondhbs iuhnonpejbs ?2 injjdhbs, prdgreies cb nhvbrsnÿh bxtredrcnhernds cb obroe cb 5; injjdhbs cb burds oece ouetrnbhnd. _dkrb bste prdpubste bj Eyuhteinbhtd bstå rbceotehcd bh je eotuejncec uh ]jeh cb Idvnjncec Rrkehe obhtrecd fuhceibhtejibhtb bh espbotds cb gbsÿh cb je idvnjncec. Jd qub iubstre qub teh sÿjd odh prdpubstes cbhnces e bsoeje cb nhtbrvbhonÿh bs pdsnkjb orbbr bh je odhsbouonÿh cb pdjéoes cb idvnjncec iås sdstbhnkjbs. Curehtb su rbceoonÿh, bj ]jeh ae sncd uhe abrreinbhte üj pere je hbgdoneonÿh cb jds huibrdsds prdybotds cb trehsfdrieonÿh bh qub je onucec bstå nhibrse eotuejibhtb. ]dr blbipjd, su rbbxnÿh snrvnÿ pere je rbfdrie cb je pubrte sur tretece bh bj epertecd ehtbrndr y qub ae sncd hehonece oesn bh su tdtejncec pdr jds prdidtdrbs urkehésods cb jds subjd cbj bhtdrhd, qub tdiekeh vejdr odh je hubve prdpubste y qub breh pråooeibhtb iergnhejbs cb uh bhjeob odipjbld bh je prdpubste, teiknîh idstrece, cb je Cnrboonÿ Gbhbrej cb Oerrbtbrbs cb je Gbhbrejntet. V.? ]JEH CB IDVNJNCEC R[KEHE CB FNGRB[B_ (]brb Bspbjt y Iehubj Abrob)  Abrob)   Bj cbserrdjjd urkehésod cb Fngubrbs ae bstecd nipujsecd pdr trbs idibhtds ojevb cb je anstdrne cb Oetejuõe bh jds qub je onucec ae eprdvboaecd su vejdr cb pdsnonÿh. E reéz cbj Sretecd cb jds ]nrnhbds, Fngubrbs sb odhvnrÿ bh je pubrte cb bhtrece cbj Bstecd bspeõdj y juger cb pesd dkjngecd cb jes odiuhnoeondhbs. Bh je sbguhce intec cbj sngjd QNQ, je jjbgece cbj fbrrdoerrnj rbfdrzÿ je obhtrejncec odieroej, y, ye bh je sbguhce in inte tec c cbj cbj sn sngj gjd d QQ QQ,, bj idtd idtdrr bodh bodhÿi ÿinod nod qub qub bs bj tu turn rnsi sid d eipu eipurc rceh ehîs îs (] (]nr nrnh nhbd bdss y Odst Odstee Krev Krevee fuhceibhtejibhtb) ae odhsdjncecd je onucec odid obhtrd fuhondhej cb uh bxtbhsd tbrrntdrnd. Fngubrbs sb ae vnstd, pubs, kbhbonece bh bj pesecd pdr su cdkjb odhcnonÿh cb onucec-jéintb frdhtbrnze pdr uh jecd, y onucec-nhtbrsboonÿh cb nipdrtehtbs vées cb pesd, pdr bj dtrd. ]brd je cbsepernonÿh rbonbhtb cb jes frdhtbres nhtbrheondhejbs y bj oeiknd cb bsoeje cb jes rbjeondhbs tbrrntdrnejbs, aeh ncd e fevdr cb onucecbs ieydrbs vbonhes odid Gbrdhe y ]brpnõåh. E pbser cb sbr bj obhtrd urkehd cb uhe cb jes odieroes iås rnoes cb Oeteju Oet ejuõe, õe, odh uhe bodhdiée bodhdiée prÿspb prÿspbre re kesece kesece bh bj odibro odibrond, nd, jds sbrvnonds sbrvnonds y bj turnsi turnsid, d, Fngubrb Fngubrbss sb bhoubhtre bh uhe vbrcecbre bhoruonlece rbspbotd e su cbshd, bh uh idibhtd cb oeiknd, bh bj qub bstå bh  lubgd su rdj cbhtrd cbj snstbie oetejåh cb onucecbs. Bj hej cb sngjd ae dfrboncd e je onucec uhe hubve dpdrtuhncec cbrnvece cb su vejdr cb pdsnonÿh< je rbfdrie cb grehcbs nhfrebstruotures vnejbs y fbrrdvnernes cb åikntd heondhej pjehtbe uh hubvd bsobhernd tbrrntdrnej qub pdsnknjnte uh oeiknd cb bsoeje cb je onucec. Bstb bsobhernd vnbhb cbtbrinhecd pdr je jjbgece cbj trbh cb ejte vbjdoncec e uhe hubve bsteonÿh nhtbridcej qub bhjezerå odh uh hubvd trezecd cbj trbh odhvbhondhej, pbrd teiknîh pdr je rbhdveonÿh y je uhnoeonÿh, bh uh insid ins id odrrbc odrrbcdr, dr, cb jes grehcb grehcbss nhf nhfreb rebstr struot uoture uress vnejbs vnejbs cb pesd, pesd, cb odiuhn odiuhnoeon oeonÿh ÿh odh Burdpe Burdpe y cb odhstuonÿh cbj blb pnrbhenod bspeõdj. Bstb bsobhernd pubcb hd tbhbr bfbotds, d nhojusd tbhbr uh bfbotd hbgevd, sn je onucec hd sekb eprdvboaer pdsnveibhtb su pdtbhonej trehsfdriecdr. Je rbjeonÿh odh uh odrrbcdr cb ulds teh pdtbhtb hd cble cb tbhbr sus rnbsgds pere uhe onucec pbqubõe qub sb pubcb vbr supbrece pdr bj nhorbibhtd cb bsds ulds, odh bfbotds odhtreprdcuobhtbs. Cbscb jds eõds 7=, je onucec ye ae cbsepr cbseprdvb dvboae oaecd cd bj pesd pesd cb pdtbht pdtbhtbs bs nhf nhfreb rebstr struot uoture uress cb odhbxn odhbxnÿh ÿh odh Frehon Frehone. e. Je eutdpn eutdpnste ste cbj Ibcntb Ibc ntbrrå rråhbd hbd pesÿ pesÿ pdr bj pdhnbh pdhnbhtb, tb, pdr cbtrå cbtråss cbj oesjj oesjjd, d, snh hnhguh hnhguhee nhoncb nhoncbhon honee eperb eperbhtb htb sdkrb sdkrb bj cbserrdjjd urkehd cb je onucec, ye qub jds puhtds cdhcb equbjje sb ekrb ej tbrrntdrnd, sus jds bhjeobs odh je oerrbtbre H-NNY qub eotüe odid eoobsds e Fngubrbs sb sntuerdh ej sur y ej hdrtb kestehtb ejblecds cb je onucec. Nguejibhtb, je vernehtb cb je oerrbtbre H-NN, odhstrunce bste vbz e jbvehtb, fub odhobknce odid uhe oerrbtbre sbgrbgece odh bhjeobs e cnfbrbhtb hnvbj, y odhstrunce jblds cb je onucec. Jes tbhsndhbs cb orboninbhtd prdvdoeces pdr jds bhjeobs odh jes eutdpnstes y eutdvées qub rdcbeh je onucec, y su ejbleinbhtd snod rbspbotd e bjje, aeh prdvdoecd tbhsndhbs cb orboninbhtd qub sb aeh trecuoncd bh bj bstejjncd cb je onucec sdkrb equbjjds blbs, bh uh prdobsd cb pîrcnce prdgrbsnve cb odipeoncec qub sb pdhb bh rbjbvd bh jes njustreondhbs ecluhtes bxtreéces cb je tbsns cdotdrej cb I. Abrob (R]O, 5>>2), qub bstucnÿ jds bfbotds cb jes

 

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suobsnves dpbreondhbs cb vernehtbs cb oerrbtbres sdkrb je fdrie urkehe y je bxtbhsnÿh cb jes onucecbs ibcnes bspeõdjes. Ehtb bste rbejncec, jds pjehbeinbhtds suobsnvds, cbscb bj nhnond cbj pbrndcd cbidoråod, aeh aboad îhfesns bh bj eprdvboaeinbht eprdvboaeinbhtd d cb jds nhtbrsonds nhtbrsonds bhtrb sbotdrbs sbotdrbs urkehnzecds urkehnzecds e jd jergd cb bsds oeinhds, y bh uhe vdjuhtec ojere cb odipeoncec ye iehnfbstece bh bj ]jeh gbhbrej cb 5>1; y qub sb epdyerée sdkrb uhe rdhce urkehe cb onrouhvejeonÿh qub uhnrée equbjjds bspeonds. Hd dkstehtb, je fejte cb uh drgehnsid gbstdr cbj urkehnsid e bsoeje supreiuhnonpej, ae nipbcncd je odhstruoonÿh cb je tdtejncec cb je rdhce efbote e vernds iuhnonpnds. Je bxtbhsnÿh urkehe sb ae cecd prnhonpejibhtb aeone bj dbstb, odh cbserrdjjds cnsodhhuds cb kele cbhsncec y uh odhluhtd cb pdjégdhds ies cbhsds odhbotecds e je prnibre vernehtb cb je oerrbtbre, qub aeh doupecd cb fdrie bxtbhsnve jes odjnhes bhtrb Fngubrbs y Vnjefeht. Bj pjehbeinbhtd urkehésod iås rbonbhtb ae esuincd bste tbhcbhone cb orboninbhtd y je bxnstbhtb aeone je oerrbtbre cb [dsbs- Odste Kreve, euqub ej odhstunr bj ehgud fbrrdoerrnj cb Frehone uhe kerrbre bh bsb cbserrdjjd, sb ae eotuecd iås bh je urkehnzeonÿh cb tbrrbhds epdyecds bh bj blb aeone bj sur cb je H-NN, odh nhcustrnejbs y tbronernds. Je eutdpnste cbj Ibcntbrråhbd, bj trbh cb ejte vbjdoncec, y bj pdsnkjb fbrrdoerrnj trehsvbrsej cb Oetejuõe sdh jes prnhonpejbs cb jes hubves dpdrtuhncecbs0 ecbiås, bj odrrbcdr prbjntdrej oetejåh, odid blb cb je Odste Kreve, bs oece vbz iås trehsntecd y vb odhstehtbibhtb nhorbibhtece su snghnoeonÿh tbrrntdrnej e bsoeje burdpbe. ]dr dtrd jecd, jds tühbjbs odhstruncds keld jes snbrres cb Odjjekÿs y cb Kreodhs aeh eknbrtd sdkrb bj odrrbcdr pnrbhenod dtrd cb iås ejoehob qub jjbge aeste jes nipdrtehtbs onucecbs nhtbrndrbs oetejehes cb Iehrbse y JJbnce, jd qub rbfdrzerå bj pepbj cb Fngubrbs odid oruob cb odiuhn odi uhnoeon oeondhb dhbs. s. Fnheji Fnhejibht bhtb, b, jes prÿxni prÿxnies es rbhdve rbhdveond ondhbs hbs cb jes oerrbt oerrbtbre bress H;6=Y H;6=Y y H-NN H-NN odipjb odipjbteh teh bj rbpbrtdrnd cb uh bsobhernd cb iåxnids odh onte bh Fngubrbs. Jes hubves nhfrebstruotures pjehtbeh, pubs, rbtds bhdribs qub Fngubrbs bhb qub efrdhter, pdsnknjntehcd je cbhnonÿh cb uh hubvd idcbjd urkehd y tbrrntdrnej. Bh bstb sbhcd, sbråh nipdrtehtbs jes cbonsndhbs qub sb tdibh e hnvbjbs supbrndrbs ej iuhnonpej, pbrd hd aeh cb nipbcnr qub je onucec odhsnge aeobr vejbr sus pdsnondhbs bh bj pjehbeinbhtd cb bses grehcbs nhfrebstruotures. Je fdrie qub ecdptbh bstes nhfrebstruotures, su nhtbrodhbxnÿh y je eoobsnknjncec qub odhbreh e Fngubrbs, cbtbrinheråh cb fdrie cbonsnve bj rdj bstretîgnod cb je onucec y su pbsd bspboéod bh bj tbrrntdrnd. Bs nhcnspbhsekjb, pdr jd tehtd, uhe bstretbgne prdpne qub tdib odid ierod cb rbfbrbhone je onucec y su årbe årbe urkehe urkehe,, hd sdjd sdjd odid odid odhste odhsteteo teonÿh nÿh cb uhe hubve rbejncec rbejncec tbrrntdr tbrrntdrnej nej,, snhd snhd teiknî teiknîh h odid odid rbodhdoninbhtd cb je vngbhone cb je oepntejncec cb Fngubrbs sdkrb uh tbrrntdrnd kestehtb nhtbgrecd, jd qub, ye bh bj sngjd QVNNN, jb vejnÿ je odhstruoonÿh cbj feidsd oesjjd cb _eht Fbrreh. Bj ]jeh cb idvnjncec urkehe cb Fngubrbs peronpe bh bste rbbxnÿh, ecbjehtehcd uhe rbspubste e ejguhes oubsdhbs ieydrbs, odid jes sngunbhtbs< - ´Uuî odhcnondhbs bhbh qub ouipjnr bstes dpbreondhbs cb nhfrebstruoture odh bj h cb rbvbrr, bh gbhbrej, sdkrb cb bj cbserrdjjd je onucec y odhtrnkunr, bh peroujer,cbe uhe hubve drgehnzeonÿh urkehe4 - ´Ouåjbs pdjéoes idvnjnceccb bhb qub epjnoer bj Eyuhteinbhtd Fngubrbs pere bxtrebr je iåxnie ujncec cb bstds eodhtboninbhtds4 - ´Uuî eroujeonÿh aey qub fdriejnzer bhtrb je idvnjncec cb pesd y je idvnjncec jdoej pere pbrinr uh hubvd prdybotd cb onucec4 Je onucec y je idvnjncec bh je eotuejncec Fngubrbs (?1.113 aekntehtbs) bs je oepntej cb je odieroe cb j'j'Ejt Ejt Bipdrcí (551.>2= aekntehtbs), qub odiprbhcb teiknîh iuhnonpnds odid [dsbs, je Bsoeje y Oestbjjÿ C'Bipürnbs, onucecbs cb sbguhcd rehgd kåsnoeibhtb vdjoeces ej turnsid. Je odieroe bstå sntuece bh bj bxtrbid hdrcbstb cb Oetejuõe y jninte ej hdrtb odh Frehone y ej bstb odh bj ier Ibcntbrråhbd. Fevdrbonce pdr bj kddi turésod cb jds eõds sbtbhte, j'Ejt Bipdrcí bhb ady uhe bodhdiée prÿspbre, obhtrece bh jds sbrvnonds, je odhstruoonÿh y bj turnsid. _dkrb tdcd e perr cb je sbguhce intec cb jds eõds hdvbhte, bh jds qub ae bxpbrnibhtecd uh orboni orb oninbh nbhtd td bodhÿi bodhÿinod nod nhtbhs nhtbhsd d cureht curehtbb bj ouej ouej Fngubr Fngubrbs bs sb ae odhsdj odhsdjnce ncecd cd odid odid obhtrd obhtrd cb sbrvno sbrvnonds nds odieroej odh uh ejtd grecd cb bspbonejnzeonÿh, jd qub ae ieroecd fubrtbibhtb je bxprbsnÿh eotuej cb je idvnjncec bh je onucec. Je bxprbsnÿh bspeonej cb je idvnjncec odieroej iubstre bsb aboad cb qub Fngubrbs sbe bj obhtrd cb uh nipdrtehtb snstbie urkehd eroujecd bh cds blbs odieroejbs< bj blb cb jds pubkjds cb je odste y je cnrbotrnz cb je oerrbtbre O;6= cb Fngubrbs e [dsbs. Ej insid bipd, je onucec bhb uh årbe cb

 

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nhubhone cnrbote odh rbjeondhbs jekdrejbs nhtbhses qub aeh sncd sbõejeces bh suobsnvds bstucnds y pjehbs. Bj iåss rbonb iå rbonbht htb, b, bj bs bstu tucn cnd d "F "Fngu ngubr brbs bs,, sngj sngjd d QQ QQN. N. Bstr Bstret etbg bgne ne ur urke kehe he y tbrr tbrrnt ntdr drne nej" j",, od oddr drcn cnhe hecd cd pdr pdr bj Eyuhteinbhtd, y bh bj qub aeh odjekdrecd trbs uhnvbrsncecbs oetejehes, iubstre bj cnheinsid orbonbhtb cb bste årbe cb nhubhone, qub ae pesecd cb ejoehzer e ?; iuhnonpnds bh 5>16, e 3? bh 5>>5 y bh 37 bh 5>>6, y qub sb ae bxtbhcncd eadre sdkrb tdce je odieroe odhsdjncehcd je onucec odid obhtrd cb uh snstbie urkehd ieydr. ]dr jd qub eteõb e je idvnjncec nhtbriuhnonpej, bj ]jeh ae cnfbrbhonecd uh årbe ibhdr cb rbjeondhbs nhtbhses (årbe urkehe bxtbhse, fdriece pdr ?2 iuhnonpnds) y uh pbréibtrd urkehd oesn odhhud (årbe urkehe nhtbhse, fdriece pdr 57 iuhnonpnds). Je bvdjuonÿh cb jds cetds cb idvnjncec bh bj årbe urkehe nhtbhse epuhte e je nhtbgreonÿh prdgrbsnve bh uhe insie uhncec sdondbodhÿinoe odh fuhondheinbhtd prdpnd, qub eodgb je intec cb je pdkjeonÿh odieroej y iehbhb uh kubh bqunjnkrnd bhtrb je pdkjeonÿh rbsncbhtb y jds pubstds cb trekeld. Je prdpne cnhåinoe cb urkehnzeonÿh, odibhtece ehtbs, teiknîh sbõeje uhe rbjeonÿh odipjbibhterne bhtrb Fngubrbs y sus iuhnonpnds vbonhds, qub bhcbh e sdjcersb. Bj ehåjnsns cbj orboninbhtd bh bj pbréibtrd ies rbcuoncd cb jds cds sbõejecds, bvncbhone qub je ieydrée sdh bxtbhsndhbs cb je iehoae urkehe cb Fngubrbs sdkrb dtrds iuhnonpnds, y hd je bxtbhsnÿh cb sus prdpnds hüojbds. Esninsid, bj orboninbhtd nhtbhsnvd sb odhobhtre bh je onucec obhtrej, inbhtres qub bj bhtdrhd sb dksbrveh oereotbrésoes cb kele cbhsncec. Bh bj nhtbrndr cb bste årbe urkehe nhtbhse, sb dksbrveh cds aboads bh jes rbjeondhbs rbsncbhone-trekeld. Cb uh jecd, Fngubrbs, odid obhtrd ecinhnstrevd y bodhÿinod, bs bj prnibr cbshd jekdrej cb je odieroe, y etreb uh nipdrtehtb uld cnernd cb trekelecdrbs ej ouej bj årbe urkehe cb je onucec epdrte bj 35%. ]dr dtrd jecd, odid hüojbd iås pdkjecd, Fngubrbs gbhbre uhe idvnjncec nhtbriuhnonpej cbj insid drcbh, qub sb qubce e rezÿh cb uh ?5% bh bj årbe ibhondhece. Jds pdjégdhds nhcustrnejbs cbj ]ubhtb cbj ]réhonpb y Bipdrcí Nhtbrheondh Nhtbr heondhej, ej, uknoecds bh bj tîrinhd tîrinhd cb Vnjeiejje Vnjeiejje rbonkbh bj 5;% cb jds vnelbs gbhbrecds gbhbrecds bh Fngubrbs Fngubrbs pdr idvd jekdrej odh cbshd fubre cb je onucec. Je onucec obhtrej bhb, pubs, uh pbsd cbonsnvd bh jes peutes cb je idvnjncec cbj odhluhtd. Eotuejibhtb sb gbhbreh bh Fngubrbs obroe cb 53=.=== vnelbs/cée, jd qub snghnoe uhds ?,6 vnelbs/aekntehtb/cée. Cb bste idvnjncec, uh 7=% bs nhtbrndr e je onucec y bj rbstd bhb pdr cbshd dtrds jugerbs fubre cbj iuhnonpnd. E bste idvnjncec, aey qub eõecnr uh odhhgbhtb cb vnelbs odh drngbh fubre cbj iuhnonpnd y cbshd bh Fngubrbs, qub bs cb je drcbh cb 1=.=== vnelbs/cée, vernekjb sbgüh jes îpdoes cbj eõd. Je idvnjncec nhtbriuhnonpej qub bhb pdr drngbh d cbshd bj iuhnonpnd bstå odhstunce pdr jds aekntehtbs cb Fngubrbs qub veh aeone efubre (?1.;==-3?.=== vnelbs/cée) y jds aekntehtbs cb jds iuhnonpnds cb jds ejrbcbcdrbs qub vneleh e PFngubrbs (7?.1==->5.=== vnelbs/cée). Bj odipdrteinbhtd cb bstb pd cb idvnjncec odh rbspbotd ej idcd cb trehspdrtb qub ujnze bs, jÿgnoeibhtb, iuy cnfbrbhtb cbj ehtbrndr. Bj prbcdinhnd vbaéoujd peroujer bsvdjuibh bhdrib, cb inbhtres bj trehspdrtb odjbovdsn(sbrvnonds odieroejbs cbj y fbrrdoerrnj) iubvb uh 2.1== qub vnelbs/cée, iuy pbqubõd sb bhb cb bheutdkusbs oubhte je bxnstbhone cbj fbrrdoerrnj (ibhds cb ?.2== vnelbs/cée), aboad qub, e su vbz, rbvbje jes oerbhones cb uh fbrrdoerrnj pbhsecds iås odid pesehtb qub cbscb bj puhtd cb vnste cb jes obroehées cb uhe onucec qub blbrob bj pepbj cb oepntej odieroej. Bse eubhone cb eutdiÿvnjbs prdvdoe prdkjbies cb oepeoncec bh jes prnhonpejbs vées cb eoobsd e je onucec, odh nhtbhsncecbs ibcnes cnernes cb bhtrb 52.===vbaéoujds (oerrbtbre H-;6= e Djdt y ejgd iås bh jes oerrbtbres cb Jjehçí y bh je H-NNY aeone Frehone) y ?=.=== vbaéoujds/cée (oerrbtbre H-NN aeone Gnrdhe y ejgd ibhds bh je oerrbtbre cb [dsbs), odid teiknîh odhgbsÿh bh jds bhjeobs cb bstes vées odh je vernehtb cb je oerrbtbre H-NN bspbonejibhtb bh su bhjeob odh je oerrbtbre cb [dsbs. _n eõecnids qub je insie vernehtb hbobsnte sbr cbscdkjece pere sdpdrter bj tråod orbonbhtb cb oeindhbs aeone aeo ne Burdpe Burdpe,, hd b bhb hb qub bxtreõ bxtreõer er qub sb aekjb aekjb bh tîrinh tîrinhds ds cb egdtein egdteinbht bhtd d cbj snstbie snstbie vnernd vnernd,, bspbonejibhtb e je tbipdrece cb vbrehd. Sråod qub bh gbhbrej pese pdr bj obhtrd cb je onucec bh jes rbjeondhbs bstb-dbstb Bh ouehtd ej nhtbrndr cb je onucec, je prbsnÿh cbj vbaéoujd peroujer sb snbhtb odh peroujer grevbcec, bh uhe rbc vnerne qub bhb iuoads prdkjbies cb cnibhsnÿh y odhhuncec, egrevecds ej sur y ej bstb pdr je kerrbre cbj fbrrdoerrnj. Cb je idvnjncec cb jds aekntehtbs cb Fngubrbs, uh 23% bs pdr

 

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idvds dkjngecds (trekeld y bstucnds) y bhb, pdr jd tehtd, uh oeråotbr rbourrbhtb bh bj bipd y bh sus nhbrernds. Bj rbstd bs pdr idvds hd dkjngecds, y su cnstrnkuonÿh bspeonej y tbipdrej sngub peutes ibhds les. Je ujnzeonÿh cb jds cnfbrbhtbs snstbies cb trehspdrtb odh rbspbotd e je idvnjncec nhtbrhe bs iuy perbonce e je cb onucecbs oetejehes cbj insid rehgd, odh uh rbpertd kestehtb nguejecd bhtrb bj idcd e pnb y bj cbj vbaéoujd peroujer, y uhe ujnzeonÿh iergnhej cbj trehspdrtb odjbovd (kus urkehd). Je drgehnzeonÿh cb je idvnjncec bs bj rbsujtecd cb jes hbobsncecbs cb cbspjezeinbhtd cb je pdkjeonÿh, pbrd teiknîh jd bs cbj usd bfbovd qub îste aeob cb je dfbrte dfbrte cb jds snstbies snstbies cb trehspdrtb. trehspdrtb. ]dr bstb idvd, hd sdh ecbouecds ecbouecds epjnoer e je prdkjbiåoe cb je idvnjncec urkehe jds iîtdcds qub sb jninteh e bvejuer je cbiehce future cb tråod b nr elustehcd je dfbrte vnej e je sesfeoonÿh cb bste cbiehce. Onbrteibhtb bs hbobsernd odhdobr bj vdjuibh cb idvnjncec y sus idvds, odid teiknîh su cnstrnkuonÿh bspeonej, pbrd tdcevée bs iås nipdrtehtb bhtbhc bht bhcbr br qub bste cnstrn cnstrnkuo kuonÿh nÿh bs fuhonÿ fuhonÿh h cb jes prdpne prdpness oereot oereotbré bréso soes es cb dfbrte dfbrte cb jes rbcbs rbcbs cb nhfrebstruotures cbsheces e je idvnjncec. Cb fdrie odabrbhtb odh bstb bhfdqub, sb aeh bstucnecd prnibrd jes oeuses cb je cnstrnkuonÿh bspeonej eotuej cb je idvnjncec ibcnehtb trbs pds cb ehåjnsns, iås prÿxnids e jd qub sb cbhdinhe uh bhfdqub cb dfbrte bh bj ehåjnsns cb je idvnjncec< 5. Rh ehåjnsns cb je eoobsnknjncec odhfbrnce pdr je rbc vnerne, odh je hejncec cb bhtbhcbr odid su drgehnzeonÿh bstekjbob cnfbrbhones bhtrb jds cnvbrsds sbotdrbs cb je onucec y cbtboter quî hubves oejjbs sbråh hbobsernds pere ejoehzer uhe cnstrnkuonÿh iås bqunjnkrece cb jds rbodrrncds esé odid odhboter cbtbrinhecds jugerbs ady iej sbrvncds. ;. Rh ehåjnsns cb odkbrture cb jes rbcbs cb trehspdrtb odjbovd (kusbs urkehds) pere cbtboter quî årbes urkehes hd bståh sbrvnces d bhbh uh hnvbj cb odkbrture nhsuonbhtb. _b ae ujnzecd uh ejgdrntid cb ujncec cb bstes rbcbs, pjehtbecd sdkrb je odhsteteonÿh cb qub bj bipd cb eoobsd (rbodrrncd e pnb) y je prdpne ujnzeonÿh cb bstb snstbie cb trehspdrtb hd cbpbhcbh teh sÿjd cb jds rbodrrncds cb jes jéhbes, snhd teiknîh cb su frboubhone y rbgujerncec. ?. Rh ehåjnsns idrfdjÿgnod cb jds bspeonds cb je idvnjncec cb pbetdhbs pere cbtboter jds prnhonpejbs prdkjbies qub efboteh e bstb pd cb cbspjezeinbhtds (ehoad nhsuonbhtb cb eobre, dkståoujds d fejte cb odhhuncec, odhnotds bhtrb idcds cb vnelb) y jds odhnotds cb jes dtres rbcbs cb trehspdrtb odh jds rbodrrncds e pnb bhtrb jds prnhonpejbs puhtds cb etreoonÿh cb je onucec. Bh ouehtd ej odhdoninbhtd cb je cbiehce, je cnstrnkuonÿh idcej y bspeonej cb je idvnjncec sb ae ehejnzecd e perr cb jds cetds cb uhe bhoubste y cb uh pjeh cb efdrds rbejnzecds bj eõd ;=== pdr je Fuhceonÿh [EOO pdr bhoergd cbj Eyuhteinbhtd cb Fngubrbs. Cb eaé sb aeh bxtreécd jds cetds kåsnods pere jes ietrnobs drngbh-cbshd ojesnoecds sbgüh jds idvds prnhonpejbs cb idvnjncec y pdr su cnstrnkuonÿh idcej. Jds cetds cb efdrd odhtbhncds bh bstb bstucnd aeh sncd eotuejnzecds odh jds cetds cb nhtbhsncec cb tråod bh jds eoobsds e je onucec bxtreécds cb je Gbhbrejntet, bj Inhnstbrnd cb Fdibhtd y je Cnputeonÿh ]rdvnhonej. Odipjbibhterneibhtb, sb ae rbejnzecd uh nhvbhternd cb oeipd cb jds rbodrrncds y ulds cb pbetdhbs iås nipdrtehtbs, bhtrb jds qub cbsteoeh jds oeinhds bsodjerbs. Hd sb ae orbécd odhvbhnbhtb cupjnoer bsfubrzds odh hubves bhoubstes y sb ae dptecd pdr cbcnoer jds rboursds ej ehåjnsns cb je dfbrte vnej pere tdcds jds pds cb idvnjncec. Esé, sb ae rbejnzecd uh nhvbhternd nhvbh ternd bxaeusvd bxaeusvd sdkrb bj ehoad y je pdjdgée cb jes sboondhbs, sboondhbs, je nhfrebstru nhfrebstruoture oture vnej, jds sbhcds sbhcds cb onroujeonÿh y jds sbiåfdrds, bj bsteondheinbhtd bh supbronb, jds odrrbcdrbs cbj kus urkehd, bto.0 y sb aeh oejoujecd nhcnoecdrbs cb rbpertd idcej cbj pd "pdrobhtelb cb bspeond cbcnoecd ej pbetÿh sdkrb ehoad tdtej cb je vée". Seiknîh sb aeh nhodrpdrecd jes prdpubstes cb drcbheonÿh cbj rbonîh eprdkecd ]jeh Sbrrntdrnej cb j'Ejt Bipdrcí y cbj ]jeh Gbhbrej cb Drcbheonÿh Rrkehe cbj iuhnonpnd, y sb aeh oereotbrnzecd jes cnfbrbhtbs zdhes cb gbhbreonÿh y etreoonÿh cb vnelbs bh bj åikntd urkehd. Cb jes fesbs cb nhvbhternd y cb cneghdsns sb pubcbh bxtrebr cnvbrses odhojusndhbs sdkrb je prdkjbiåoe eotuej cb je idvnjncec bh Fngubrbs, quî sb rbsuibh bh jds puhtds sngunbhtbs< 5. Nhecboueonÿh cb je rbc vnerne cb eoobsds e Fngubrbs. Jes cnstdrsndhbs qub nhtrdcuob bj pbelb cb je eutdpnste aeobh qub eotuejibhtb bj 7=% cbj tråod cb je vernehtb cb je H-NN sbe tråod cb pesd, egdtåhcdsb su oepeoncec y cnoujtehcd jes fuhondhbs cb cnstrnkuonÿh urkehe. Ecbiås, odhobhtre bj eoobsd e je ieydr pertb cb je onucec bh bj bhjeob cb je oejjb Vnjejjdhge (oerrbtbre cb [dsbs) [ds bs),, odse odse qub iehb iehbhb hb odjeps odjepsece ece bste bste vée bhtrb Fngubrbs Fngubrbs y Vnj Vnjetb etbhni hni kubhe kubhe pertb pertb cbj cée, odh nht nhtbhs bhsnce ncecbs cbs ibcnes ibcnes ehuejb ehuejbss cb tråod tråod cb ;6.>75 ;6.>75 vbaéou vbaéoujds jds/cé /céee y odhgbs odhgbsdh dhbs bs bh vbreh vbrehd d (?>.=5; (?>.=5;

 

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vbaéoujds/cée). ;. Nhbxnstbhone cb uhe rdhce bxtbrndr urkehe qub pbrinte cbsvner bj tråod cb pesd y cbsoergub je fuhonÿh cb cnstrnkuonÿh cbj blb fdriecd pdr je oejjb Vnjejjdhge y Je [eikje y cb je ehgue H-NN. Bj ehåjnsns rbvbje qub greh pertb cbj tråod cbj obhtrd bs cb pesd0 cb aboad, cb jds 5=>.6== vbaéoujds/cée qub eoobcbh d sejbh cb je onucec, 27.?== (iås cb je intec) sdh vbaéoujds cb pesd. Eotuejibhtb, sb ae odhstruncd bj ouecrehtb sucbstb cb bste rdhce bxtbrndr, qub odhhue peronejibhtb pdr bj hdrtb, bh treids bh odhstruoonÿh ?. ]rbsnÿh bxobsnve cbj vbaéoujd peroujer sdkrb bj obhtrd cb je onucec pdr fejte cb uhe pdjéoe cb cbsvéd y cnsuesnÿh. Bj bsqubie eotuej cb onroujeonÿh urkehe cbiubstre uhe prbsnÿh bxobsnve sdkrb bj obhtrd0 sÿjd aey qub ecvbrr qub tdces jes vées qub pbhbtreh sdh odhvbrgbhtbs. Rh oeiknd cb sbhcd bs hbobsernd bh cnvbrses oejjbs, inbhtres qub dtres pubcbh sbr ujnzeces odid odrrbcdr bxojusnvd pere jds kusbs urkehds y jds texns. Bh bj Obhtrd, je eotuej zdhe cb pbetdhbs cbkb nhodrpdrer dtres zdhes qub odhobhtreh fuhondhbs odibronejbs y uh uld bjbvecd cb pbetdhbs, odid, pdr blbipjd, Je [eikje. Fngubrbs cnspdhb cb je nhfrebstruoture cb bsteondheinbhtd y bspeonds jnkrbs prbonse pere orber uh årbe obhtrej cb rbstrnoonÿh cbj tråod. 3. Je rbc cb oejjbs prbsbhte ecbiås prdkjbies cb odhhuncec y cnibhsndhbs, y odhobhtre bj tråod jdoej bh pdoes vées ye jd kestehtb sdjnonteces pdr jes fuhondhbs cb pesd. _dh hbobsernes cnvbrses nhtbrvbhondhbs bh bj odhluhtd cb je onucec, ejguhes bh je sboonÿh cb jes oejjbs y dtres bh jds oruobs. ]brd jd qub iås odhvnbhb bs orber nhbrernds pere uhe drgehnzeonÿh iås bxnkjb cbj tråod, odh rbodrrncds ejtbrhevds pere jds vbaéoujds peroujerbs. 2. Je dfbrte cb bsteondheinbhtd bs bjbvece, qunzås cbiesnecd bh tîrinhds cb odhsuid cb bspeond, pdrqub je ieydrée sb ce bh bj bspeond pükjnod snh rbgujeonÿh hnhguhe (6=%), odse qub prdcuob uh bjbvecd tråod cb egnteonÿh. _ÿjd bh bj obhtrd y bh ejgüh pdjégdhd rbsncbhonej je dfbrte bh oejzece bs cbonterne, pbrd sb sdjuondhe bsteondhehcd hd iuy jblds. Bj hüibrd cb pjezes cb bsteondheinbhtd bh årbes eodhcnondheces y bh zdhe ezuj bs keld0 pdr odhtre, je dfbrte cb per`nhg pükjnods sb pubcb odhsncbrer eobptekjb (;=%). 6. Fejte etbhonÿh ej pepbj qub pubcb bj kus urkehd bh je idvnjncec, pdsnkjbibhtb pdr su pdoe ujnzeonÿh eotuej, qub bs odhsboubhone cb jes jninteondhbs cb je dfbrte. Jes frboubhones cb pesd sdh cbiesnecd keles bh tîrinhds eksdjutds (supbrndrbs e jds 32 inhutds pdr tîrinhd ibcnd), y bh tîrinhds rbjevds e dtres onucecbs cbj insid rehgd. Jds adrernds bståh teiknîh kestehtb cbselustecds, pdrqub bipnbzeh pdr je ieõehe uhe adre iås tercb cb jd aekntuej y hd sb rbfubrze bj sbrvnond bh je jess adre adress puht puhte. e. Fnhe Fnheji jibh bhtb tb,, ejgu ejguhd hdss n nhb hbre rern rnds ds aeh aeh cb idcn idcno oer ersb sb sn sb qunb qunbrb rb ibld ibldre rerr je odrrbspdhcbhone bhtrb jéhbes y bj eoobsd e je bsteonÿh cb fbrrdoerrnj. 7. Aey pdoe etbhonÿh e jds rbodrrncds e pnb, sdkrb tdcd bh jds bspeonds obhtrejbs cb je onucec. Je ieydrée cb cbspjezeinbhtds bh je onucec, qub hd ejoehzeh jds trbs `njÿibtrds, pdcréeh aeobrsb e pnb0 pbrd jes eobres bhbh uh ehoad iuy rbcuoncd bh je ieydré iey dréee cb oejjbs oejjbs y jds rbodrr rbodrrncd ncdss prn prnhon honpej pejbs bs hd bhbh bhbh hn bj cnsbõd cnsbõd hn jes cnibhs cnibhsndh ndhbs bs ecboue ecboueces ces.. ]rdpubstes cb rbdrgehnzeonÿh cb jds bspeonds cb je idvnjncec E perr cb jds cetds cb je cneghdsns, rbsuincds bh jds pårrefds ehtbrndrbs, sb ae bjekdrecd bj ]jeh cb idvnjncec, pjehtbecd odid uhe bstretbgne cb drgehnzeonÿh urkehe y cb ecboueonÿh cbj bspeond pükjnod pere uhe hubve fdrie cb drgehnzeonÿh cb equbjje idvn id vnjnjnce cec. c. Je dpdr dpdrtu tuhn hnce cec c pere pere Fngu Fngubr brbs bs qub qub sb cbrn cbrnve ve cb je od odhs hstr truo uoon onÿh ÿh sn sniu iujt jtåh åhbe be cb gr greh ehcb cbss nhfrebstruotures ae prbonsecd cb pjehtber sdjuondhbs pbhseces cbscb je drgehnzeonÿh cb je idvnjncec, sdkrb cds cb jds espbotds jngecds e jes hubves nhfrebstruotures rbgndhejbs< bsteonÿh cbj trbh cb ejte vbjdoncec y rbuknoeonÿh cb je eotuej bsteonÿh fbrrdvnerne rbgndhej, y eoobsds cnvbrsnoecds cbscb jes hubves vernehtbs cb oerrbtbres heondhejbs. Bstes dpondhbs urkehésoes odhcnondheh e su vbz je fdrie cb je drgehnzeonÿh cb je idvnjncec urkehe bh bj futurd 77 Jes prdpubstes cbj ]jeh cb idvnjncec urkehe sb obhtreh bh sbns pds cb nhtbrvbhondhbs qub sdh< 5. Cbhnonÿh cb uhe prdpubste sdkrb jes grehcbs nhtbrvbhondhbs bh nhfrebstruotures rbgndhejbs qub odjekdrb e je ibldr drgehnzeonÿh urkehe cb je onucec y su bhtdrhd. ;. Cbhnonÿh cb uhe rbc kåsnoe urkehe cb onroujeonÿh qub rbspbtb jes årbes eiknbh eiknbhtejbs tejbs y pbrinte pbrinte je peonoeonÿh peonoeonÿh cbj obhtrd, odh je odhcnonÿh qub bh bj rbstd cb je rbc vnej bj usd cbj vbaéoujd sbrå sukdrcnhecd e jds dtrds idcds cb cbspjezeinbhtd. ?. Cbhnonÿh cb jes idcnoeondhbs cbj sbrvnond (frboubhones y vbjdoncec odibronej) y cb jds rbodrrncds cb je rbc urkehe cb kusbs pere ejoehzer uh hnvbj cb cbiehce ecbouece. 3. Cbhnonÿh cb uhe rbc cb rbodrrncds urkehds cb pbetdhbs, cnfbrbhonece cb je rbc cb cnstrnkuonÿh cb vbaéoujds peroujerbs, odh

 

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cbtbrinheonÿh cb jds pds cb nhtbrvbhondhbs urkehésoes hbobsernes. 2. Cbhnonÿh cb je treie vnerne cbshece e je onroujeonÿh cb vbaéoujds prnvecds, odh orntbrnds cb lbrerqunzeonÿh fuhondhej qub pbrinteh bstekjbobr sus fdries drgehnzeves. 6. ]djéoes urkehésoes, cb onroujeonÿh y cb bsteondheinbhtd, odh bj h cb cbhnr uh årbe obhtrej cb peonoeonÿh cbj tråod. _dkrb jes prdpubstes cb cnsbõd cb jes hubves nhfrebstruo nhfreb struotures tures rbgndhejbs, rbgndhejbs, sb odhsncbre odhsncbre eprdpnece eprdpnece je prdpu prdpubste bste cbj ]jeh Sbrrntdrnej Sbrrntdrnej cb odhobhtrer odhobhtrer jes nhfrebstruotures bh uh ühnod odrrbcdr ej dbstb cb Fngubrbs, e jd qub sb eõecb je cb eprdvboaer bse dpdrtuhncec pere gbhbrer uhe pdtbhtb bsteonÿh nhtbridcej eroujece sdkrb uh hucd vnej odh eoobsd e tdcds jds grehcbs blbs rbgndhejbs. Bstb hucd pubcb fevdrbobr je odhstruoonÿh cb uh hubvd bhsehoab aeone je onucec,, quî feonjntb e je vbz bj eoobsd e pnb y je jjbgece onucec jjbgece cbj kus urkehd e je bsteonÿh. bsteonÿh. Eüh iås, je dpbreonÿh pubcb sbrvnr ojereibhtb pere rbvntejnzer jds kerrnds cb pdhbhtb y orber uhe hubve årbe cb obhtrejncec cb greh pdtbhonej bodhÿinod. _b prdpdhb, pubs, je uhnoeonÿh cb jes nhfrebstruotures vnejbs y fbrrdvnernes bh uh odrrbcdr odnhoncbhtb odh bj trezecd eotuej cb je eutdpnste y su eroujeonÿh bh uh bhjeob nhtbridcej bh Fngubrbs, tej odid sb iubstre bh bj gråod cb je pågnhe 5=>. Je oerrbtbre H-NN y bj Blb ]nrbhenod cb je H-;6= sb nhodrpdreréeh ej sur cb Vnjefeht, odid oejzeces jetbrejbs cbj trdhod cb je eutdpnste, odh je ouej o uej odhboteréeh odh bj bhjeob prdpubstd. Bh ouehtd e je jéhbe odhvbhondhej cb fbrrdoerrnj, bs hbobserne uhe vernehtb qub pesb pdr je bsteonÿh ibhondhece, odse qub pbrintb pbhser bh je bjninheonÿh cb je eotuej jéhbe pdr bj obhtrd. Odh rbspbotd e je prdpubste cb uhe rbc kåsnoe urkehe cb onroujeonÿh, bj dklbvd bs odhobhtrer bj uld cb tråod bh uhes pdoes oejjbs cb cnibhsndhbs, odhhuncec y odhbovncec ecboueces, odh bj h cb jnkbrer bj rbstd cb oejjbs cb su prbsnÿh y cb su odhsuid cb bspeond. Bj rbtd prnhonpej bs odipjbter je rdhce bxtbrndr, odse qub rbqunbrb cb je pbrfdreonÿh cb uh tühbj keld bj oesjjd, y su eroujeonÿh ej bhjeob nhtbridcej prdpubstd ej dbstb. Bste rdhce hd sb pjehtbe odid uh snipjb ehnjjd, e je iehbre cb jds vnblds idcbjds snipjnstes cb gbdibtrées rbgujerbs y régnces, snhd odid uhe supbrpdsnonÿh cb sbotdrbs cb ehnjjds qub bxnknjnobh je cnstrnkuonÿh urkehe y dfrbzoeh rbodrrncds ejtbrhevds bh oesd cb prdkjbies. E jbvehtb, bj cbsvéd cb je oerrbtb oerr btbre re H-NN H-NN ae cb pbrin pbrinrr nht nhtbgr bgrer er je vée rdi rdipnb pnbhcd hcd je eotuej eotuej sboonÿh sboonÿh sbgrbg sbgrbgece ece,, aeonîh aeonîhcdj cdjee iås pbribekjb y rbodhvnrbhcd jds bhjeobs e hnvbj. Bstes rbfdries y bj cbsvéd cbj tråod cb pesd ibldreråh jes fuhondhbs cb cnstrnkuonÿh cb bse vée, sdkrb tdcd sn sb orbe uhe odhbxnÿh sur bhtrb bjje y je rdhce bxtbrndr. Je terbe rbejnzece cb vejnceonÿh cb je prdpubste ibcnehtb usd cb uh idcbjd cb inord-sniujeonÿh (sdwerb EN_KRI cb je R]O) ae pbrincd odhrier bste anpÿtbsns, ecbiås cbj fuhondheinbhtd prdpubstd pere bse rbc kåsnoe cb cnstrnkuonÿh urkehe. Odh rbspbotd ej trehspdrtb odjbovd, sb pertb cb uhe sntueonÿh eotuej cdhcb jes prbsteondhbs cb je dfbrte sdh iuy nhfbrndrbs e jes cb sbrvnonds cb pdkjeondhbs sninjerbs. ]dr odhtre, bj hüibrd cb jéhbes y bj cnsbõd cb jds nhbrernds sdh kestehtb eobrtecds, sn sb bhb bh oubhte je drgehnzeonÿh urkehe cb je onucec. Esé pubs, aey qub euibhter jes frboubhones cb pesd e pbrndcds bh tdrhd e jds ?= inhutds, odh rbfubrzd cb jes bxpbcnondhbs e jes adres puhte0 aey qub eluster je snhordhnzeonÿh bhtrb jéhbes e jes pereces cb odrrbspdhcbhone y odh jds adrernds cbj trbh0 aey qub eipjner bj adrernd cbj sbrvnond e nhtbrvejds cb fuhondheinbhtd odhvbhondhejbs, qub bipnbzeh bhtrb jes 6.?= y 7.== adres cb je ieõehe, y, hejibhtb, aey qub pjehtber bj bstekjboninbhtd cb uh snstbie cb eyuce e je bxpjdteonÿh odid teiknîh uh cnspdsnvd cb prndrncec bh jds sbiåfdrds. Bh ouehtd e jds nhbrernds cb kus bh bj obhtrd, je prdpubste epubste pdr odhobhtrer sus rbodrrncds bh uhds odrrbcdrbs cbtbrinhecds, odh je nhtbhonÿh cb feonjnter je odrrbspdhcbhone, y pdr oejjbs cb usd bxojusnvd cbj trehspdrtb odjbovd pere ibldrer je vbjdoncec odibronej. Dtrds idvds cb je pbqubõe idcnoeonÿh cb nhbrernds prdpubste sdh bj elustb bh bj hubvd pjeh cb sbhcds cb onroujeonÿh bh bj Obhtrd y bj eobroeinbhtd bh cbtbrinhecds bqunpeinbhtds. Esé sb prdpdhb uhe jngbre idcnoeonÿh cbj rbodrrncd cb je jéhbe 5 pere sbrvnr bj hubvd onhb iujseje y jds pdjégdhds nhcustrnejbs cbj jbvehtb (teiknîh, bh uh futurd, e je hubve bsteonÿh nhtbridcej)0 je jéhbe ; pere eobroerje bh je bsteonÿh cb trbh eotuej, y je jéhbe ? pere eobroerje teiknîh e bse bsteonÿh y pdcbr jjbger, sn sb odhsncbre dpdrtuhd, ej hüojbd cb Vnjefeht. Bj trehspdrtb odjbovd nhtbrurkehd bs uh bjbibhtd ojevb sn sb qunbrb rbcuonr je prbsnÿh cb jds vnelbs etreécds pdr je onucec, bj >2% cb jds ouejbs eoucbh e bjje vbaéoujd prdpnd. Aeob fejte pjehtber uh euibhtd cb jes bxpbcnondhbs bh eutdküs e jds prnhonpejbs hüojbds cb je odste, sdkrb tdcd e [dsbs, qub

 

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eotuejibhtb prbsbhteh frboubhones ibcnes cb sbrvnond cb uhe adre d iås, y odhstrunr uhe hubve bsteonÿh cb kusbs nhtbriuhnonpejbs bh je hubve bsteonÿh nhtbridcej, odh je pdsnknjncec cb qub pesbh ehtbs pdr bj obhtrd, d odh kubhe frboubhone y oddrcnheonÿh adrerne odh je jéhbe urkehe 5 ]dr dtre pertb, jes cnibhsndhbs cb je onucec onuc ec y su tdpdgr tdpdgree ee jjehe, jjehe, je oejncec oejncec urkehe urkehe cbj Bhsehoa Bhsehoabb y je odhobh odhobhtre treonÿh onÿh cbj odibro odibrond nd y jds bqunpeinbhtds, aeobh cb Fngubrbs uh åikntd cb vnce e bsoeje cbj pbetÿh. Bs uhe prndrncec cbj ]jeh cb idvnjn idv njncec cec je cbhno cbhnonÿh nÿh cb uhe rbc cb nhbre nhbrernd rndss oév oévnod nodss bhtrb bhtrb jds prn prnhonp honpejb ejbss jugerb jugerbss cb etreoo etreoonÿh nÿh y gbhbreonÿh cb vnelbs, odh uhe etbhonÿh peroujer e je bsteonÿh cbj trbh y jds oeinhds bsodjerbs. Jds orntbrnds cb cnsbõd bhbh qub eyucer e rbodrrncds iéhnids, odhhuds, cb prbfbrbhone pdr oejjbs odh eovncec odibronej. Bj cnsbõd cb bsds rbodrrncds bhb qub sbr odhfdrtekjb y sbgurd, prndrnzehcd bj idcd e pnb sdkrb jds dtrds y odh uhe sbõejnzeonÿh prdpne. Jes vées cb sboonÿh nhfbrndr e 7 ibtrds tbhcréeh qub sbr cb pj pjet etef efdr drie ie ühnoe ühnoe,, sn snh h cbsh cbshnv nvbj bjbs bs eobr eobreo eoej ejze zece ce,, y jes jes cb ibhd ibhdss cb > ibtr ibtrds ds bx bxbh bhte tess cb kehc kehces es cb bsteondheinbhtd0 bh eikds oesds, je eobre bhb qub dfrbobr bj iåxnid odhfdrt ej pbetÿh odh pevnibhtds ecbouecds, årkdjbs d lercnhbres y dtrds bjbibhtds cb idknjnernd urkehd. Ouehcd je sboonÿh cb je oejjb tbhge iås cb 5= ibtrds, sb aeh cb cbsher trbs e oece eobre, cb jds ouejbs ; ibtrds bhbh qub sbr üjbs pere je onroujeonÿh snh dkståoujds. Fnhejibhtb, je fdriejnzeonÿh cb jes nhtbrvbhondhbs bhb qub sbr peroujeribhtb sbhsnkjb e je eoobsnknjncec cb jes pbrsdhes odh idvnjncec rbcuonce. Je knonojbte teiknîh bs dklbtd cb uhe prdpubste, odh cds pdjdgées cb nhtbgreonÿh bh je sboonÿh< je cb onojdvée sbgrbgece sn sb trete cb pjetefdrie odhvbhondhej, sbe e je eobre d e je oejzece, odh jes cnibhsndhbs suonbhtbs y je odhhuncec pdsnkjb0 y je cb odbxnstbhone bh pjetefdrie ühnoe, cdhcb aey qub ecepter je onroujeonÿh cb je knonojbte e je sbgurncec cbj pbetÿh. _nh pbrlunond cb jes cbtbrinheondhbs ehtbrndrbs pere jds rbodrrncds prnhonpejbs cb pbetdhbs y bj trehspdrtb odjbovd, bj bspeond vnej rbstehtb bhb qub rbspdhcbr e uh odhluhtd cb sdjnonteondhbs, bhtrb jes ouejbs je cnstrnkuonÿh cbj tråod y bj eoobsd e kerrnds. Je odipbtbhone bhtrb jds idcds, snbiprb sb ae cecd bh cbtrnibhtd cb jds iås cîknjbs, y pdr bsd sb dpte pdr cbhnr rbcbs cbsheces prndrnterneibhtb e oece idcd treie bh rbcbs cbseodpjeces pere oece idcd, cbhnces bh rbjeonÿh odh jes oereotbrésoes cbj tblncd urkehd y cbjnintehcd årbes eiknbhtejbs. Bh bj nhtbrndr cb bstes årbes, bj ]jeh prdpdhb treteinbhtds ecbouecds cb je urkehnzeonÿh odh bj h cb ecepter jes oejjbs cb rbsncbhtbs e je prndrncec cb usd pdr bj pbetÿh< tîohnoes y cnspdsnvds cnvbrsds cb idcbreonÿh cb je vbjdoncec cb onroujeonÿh y cb ecepteonÿh cbj odipdrteinbhtd bh oruob, eipjneonÿh cb eobres y cbjninteonÿh cbj eperoeinbhtd ibcnehtb erkdjecd y bhsehoaeinbhtd cb jes eobres bh sus bxtrbids, bhtrb dtrds. [bspdhcnbhcd e uhe vdjuhtec pdpujer cb bxtbhcbr je eotuej zdhe rbstrnhgnce e pbetdhbs cbj obhtrd cb je Onucec e je [eikje y cb rbcuonr je prbsnÿh cbj tråod bh bj obhtrd, bj ]jeh prdpdhb cds pbréibtrds odhoîhtrnods odh cnfbrbhtbs hnvbjbs cb rbstrnoonÿh y cb bxojusnÿh cb onroujeonÿh. Ecbiås cb jes nhtbrvbhondhbs snoes ecboueces, je prdpubste cbserrdjje uh pjeh cb eoobsd ej obhtrd odh uh rbcnsbõd cb jds sbhcds cb onroujeonÿh pere inhninzer bj tråod y uh snstbie cb per`nhg suktbrråhbds bh bj pbréibtrd cbj årbe cb rbstrnoonÿh, odhvbhnbhtbibhtb cnstrnkuncds y sbõejnzecds. Bs bxprbse je vdjuhtec cb ujnzer bj bsteondheinbhtd odid nhstruibhtd cb rbgujeonÿh cb je cbiehce y bjninher bj odhsuid bxobsnvd cb bspeond pükjnod, odh jes sngunbhtbs ibcnces< ecepteonÿh cb je dfbrte cb bsteondheinbhtd e jes fuhondhbs cbj juger, odhvnrbhcd bj bsteondheinbhtd bh supbronb cbj obhtrd bh zdhe vbrcb odhtrdjece, bxtbhsnÿh cb je zdhe ezuj e jes oejjbs nhtbrndrbs ej pbréibtrd cb rbstrnoonÿh y euibhtd cb jes ternfes cb bsteondheinbhtd bh bsb bspeond pere cbspjezer je cbiehce cb odrte cureonÿh e jds per`nhg suktbrråhbds cb pbrnfbrne. Bh suie, bj ]jeh cb idvnjncec cb Fngubrbs epubste pdr uhe trehsfdrieonÿh cbj bspeond bspeo nd pükjnod cb je onucec odid iboehnsid iboehnsid cb odhsbgunr odhsbgunr dtre bxprbsnÿh bxprbsnÿh cb je idvnjncec urkehe0 urkehe0 ujnze ujnze pdr tehtd uh bhfdqub cb dfbrte odid idcd cb oehejnzer je cbiehce future, bh odhtrepdsnonÿh e tehtd pjeh cb trehspdrtb urkehd ouye ibtdcdjdgée odhojuyb bh cbstrdzer je onucec pere pdcbr rbspdhcbr e uhe anpdtîoe cbiehce sdkrb je qub hd sb eotüe y sb prbtbhcb cer uhe onbge sesfeoonÿh. ]dr bsd, jes prdpubstes cbj ]jeh sb odhorbteh bh uhe rbjeonÿh cb dkres cb cnfbrbhtbs bsoejes, cbscb bj trezecd cb jes nhfrebstruotures tbrrntdrnejbs e jds oeiknds cb pevnibhtds d cb sbõejnzeonÿh. Bh bste cnrboonÿh, sb bståh bstucnehcd eotuejibhtb jes fubhtbs cb hehoneonÿh y jds iboehnsids cb gbsÿh cb bstb prdgreie, cbspuîs

 

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cb uhe cnsous cnsousnÿh nÿh tîohno tîohnoee odh tdcds tdcds jds sbrvn sbrvnond ondss iuhnon iuhnonpej pejbs bs efbote efbotecds cds,, cbscb cbscb jds rbspdh rbspdhsek sekjbs jbs cb urkehnsid, bj ibcnd eiknbhtb y je vée pükjnoe, gbstdrbs cbj trehspdrtb urkehd y je pdjnoée jdoej. 5. Oerrbtbres, tbrrntdrnd y ibcnd< je cnfoujtec cb bhoelb cb uhds peråibtrds biehecds sdjd cb je vbjdoncec y oepeoncec  Jes nhfrebstruotures bh gbhbrej y jes oerrbtbres bh peroujer, sdh bj prnhonpej feotdr cb drgehnzeonÿh cbj tbrrntdrnd. Bjjes sdh jes qub ekrbh bj bspeond e su usd pdr jes eovncecbs auiehes, y sdkrb bjjes cbsoehse uhd cb jes prnhonpejbs oeuses cbj orboninbhtd urkehd, qub bs je bxtbhsnÿh cb je pjusvejée gbhbrece pdr je trehsfdrieo trehsf drieonÿh nÿh cbj bspeond bspeond rurej bh bspeond bspeond urkehd. urkehd. Hd pucb prbtbhcbrsb prbtbhcbrsb,, pubs, pubs, qub su odhstruoon odhstruoonÿh ÿh sbe uhe ibre rbspubste hbutre e je cbiehce cb trehspdrtb y odiuhnoeonÿh. ]drqub bs su odhstruoonÿh je qub gbhbre bxpboteves bodhÿinoes, qub sb eoekeh trecuonbhcd bh jdoejnzeonÿh cb eovncecbs cb iuy cnshte éhcdjb.. Je dfbrte éhcdjb dfbrte cb eoobsnknjncec, eoobsnknjncec, gbhbrece gbhbrece pdr jes oereotbrés oereotbrésoes oes tdpdjÿgnoes tdpdjÿgnoes y idrfdjÿgnoe idrfdjÿgnoess cb je rbc cb trehsp tre hspdrt drtbs, bs, bs bj prn prnhon honpej pej feotdr feotdr cb drgehn drgehnzeo zeonÿh nÿh cbj tbrrnt tbrrntdrn drnd, d, y, bh odhsb odhsboub oubhon honee prbcbt prbcbtbri brinhe nhe jes hbobsncecbs cb cbiehce cb trehspdrtb e jes qub hejibhtb snrvbh. Odid teiknîh rbsujte sdrprbhcbhtb qub sb prbtbhce ehejnzerje sdjd cbscb je pbrspbove cbj penselb gbhbrecd pdr y sdkrb uhe oerrbtbre, odid sn sb tretere cb uh prdkjbie fdriej d odipdsnvd. Bj tbie nipdrtehtb, bj qub ehuje jds dtrds cds, bs rbbxndher sdkrb je hejncec eotuej cb je odhstruoonÿh cb nhfrebstruotures, y sdkrb sn bj idcbjd odh qub sb odhstruybh bs bj ecbouecd e jes hbobsncecbs e jes qub sb bhfrbhte hubstre sdonbcec bh uh idibhtd cb prdfuhce trehsfdrieonÿh cb su idcbjd bodhÿinod y cb rbjeondhbs sdonejbs. Bh ouejqunbr oesd, bh bstb eroujd sb prbtbhcb pdhbr bj eobhtd bh je odhtrecnoonÿh qub sukyeob bh odhhuer cbsteoehcd bh je odhstruoonÿh cb oerrbtbres espbotds jngecds e je vbjdoncec y e uhe oepeoncec cb jes insies epdyece bh supubstds cb vbjdoncec iåxnie cb cnsbõd. Bj tbie bs odhnovd pdrqub supdhb pdhbr bh oubsÿh obrtbzes bh jes qub sb ae epdyecd aeste eadre je prdfbsnÿh cb je nhgbhnbrée cb oeinhds bh bj cnsbõd y prdybotd cb bsb pd cb nhfrebstruotures. ]brd ibrbob je pbhe bhfrbhter bstb cbsed, bh uh efåh (pdsnkjbibhtb vehd) cb jjbver bste prbdoupeonÿh e jds Gbstdrbs cb Oerrbtbres cb je Ecinhnstreonÿh cbj Bstecd Obhtrej y Eutdhÿinoe y, bh ibhdr ibcnce pdrqub aeob bipd qub vnbhbh bhseyehcd dtrds idcbjds, e gbstdrbs cb je Ecinhnstreonÿh Jdoej (Cnputeondhbs y Eyuhteinbhtds). Bj eonbrtd bh je odhstruoonÿh cb uh tbrrntdrnd pdr y sdkrb je oerrbtbre, su penselb qub cnobh ejguhds, cbpbhcb cb su ecepteonÿh ej ibcnd cdhcb sb nhsnbrb0 jd qub qunbrb cbonr e je idrfdjdgée cb bsb tbrrntdrnd (drdgree, tdpdgree cbj odrrbcdr, rboursds heturejbs, bto.), e je oereotbrésoes cbj snstbie cb esbhteinbhtds urkehds qub efbote y cbfdrie, y e jds rbqubrninbhtds cb usd cb bse nhfrebstruoture qub jb pjehtbe je sdonbcec e je qub snrvb. ]ubs knbh, teh nipdrtehtbs prbinses bståh pdod prbsbhtbs bh uhe pråooe prdfbsndhej qub, iås ejjå cb jes rdtuhces erieondhbs odhtbhnces bh sus prdybotds y bstucnds cb nipeotd, jes nghdre pråooeibhtb, bh uh efåh cbsibcncd cb epjnoer bstrnoteibhtb jds peråibtrds bspbonoecds bh jes Nhstruoondhbs cb Oerrbtbres, sbeh ouej fubreh sus odhsboubhones< Eotuc qub sdjd sbrée bhtbhcnkjb cbscb uh fb onbge bh bses hdrieves, qub hd pdhge bh oubsÿh bj drngbh cb bsd peråibtrds y jes idveondhbs qub jds gbhbrerdh. Je ibre dksbrveonÿh cb je bvdjuonÿh cb jes Nhstruoondhbs cb Oerrbtbres bh hubstrd peés, pbrintb cbtboter odid pere uhe insie vbjdoncec cb prdybotd, sb aeh nhorbibhtecd jes bxngbhones cb trezecd bh pjehte (recnds iéhnids), eoubrcds vbroejbs (pbhcnbhtbs y peråibtrds cb jes peråkdjes cb eoubrcd), nhojnheondhbs trehsvbrsejbs (pbrejtbs), ‚hernobs’ cb nhodrpdreonÿh y sejnce, y bh ibhdr grecd ehoad cb oerrnjbs (qub aeh vubjtd e uh iåxnid cb ?,2 i.) y cb erobhbs bh cbtbrinhecds supubstds. Sdcd bjjd bs odhsboubhone cb je bhdrib ibldre bh jes odhcnondhbs bodhÿinoes y tbohdjÿgnoes cb uh peés qub sb ae idcbrhnzecd e ieroaes fdrzeces, y bs cb rbodhdobr qub bh bse bxngbhone orbonbhtb sukyeob uhe prbdoupeonÿh prbdou peonÿh pdr je boeone, boeone, bj nhorbibhtd nhorbibhtd cbj trespdrtb pdr oerrbtbre, oerrbtbre, y je sbgurncec vnej. Bj prdkjbie prdkjbie bs qub, sniujtåhbeibhtb e bses ibldres, sb ae gbhbrecd uhe pråooe prdfbsndhej eoréoe. Cb bste iehbre, iuoads cb jds prdybotds cb oerrbtbres o errbtbres sb bjekdreh sdkrb Bstucnds nhfdrievds qub jninteh sus ejtbrheves e

 

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odrrbcdrbs prbodhobkncds, e jds qub nhojusd sb onõbh jds jbvehteinbhtds tdpdgråods prbonsds, y e bstucnds cb bvejueonÿh y cb nipeotds ibreibhtb lusoevds cb dpondhbs tdieces cb ehtbiehd, e ibhucd kesecds bh rnsnkjbs ehåjnsns iujorntbrnd y ietrnobs cb nipeotd. Je tbohdjdgée cb prdybotd cb oerrbtbres hds ae jjbvecd e uh puhtd bh bj qub, uhe vbz nhtrdcuoncd uh odrrbcdr y jds peråibtrds cb cnsbõd, bj prdpnd ‚sdw ‚sd werb erb’’ cbj prdgrei prdgreiee cb cnsbõd cnsbõd bhoecb bhoecbhe he eutdiå eutdiåoe oeibh ibhtb tb tdces tdces jes rbspub rbspubste stess (prdyb (prdybote ote pdr hdsdtr hds dtrds) ds)00 bh je obrtbz obrtbzee cb qub je tbohdj tbohdjdgé dgéee cb odhstr odhstruoon uoonÿh ÿh pbrin pbrintb tb pråoo pråooeib eibhtb htb tdce tdce ejtbre ejtbreonÿ onÿh h tdpdgråoe, d je bjusnÿh cb sus cnoujtecbs, snh oesn hnhguhe rbstrnoonÿh. Hd sb ornoe uhe je tbohdjdgée qub hds ae cdtecd abrreinbhtes cb ibldre cb jes nhtbrvbhondhbs. ]brd sn aey qub sbõejer je fejte cb sbhcd ornod bh jds prdybostes, e ibhucd ‚etbrrdrnzecds’ pdr cnrbotdrbs cb prdybotd d fuhondhernds rbobptdrbs cb îstds qub, ouej idcbrhds nhqunsncdrbs, sb dksbsndheh bh bhodhtrer jds ‚fejjds cb odhobponÿh’ cbj prdybotd, bj nhouipjninbhtd cb je Hdrie Bste cnoujtec idvÿ uhe bxeobrkece pdjîinoe (qub vnvnÿ cnrboteibhtb bj eutdr cb bstb eroujd) bh je rbceoonÿh cb jds prdybotds cb jes [dhces cb Kerobjdhe, odhobknce odid eutdvée sbgrbgece pbrd urkehe, y cb equbjje cnsousnÿh sb aeh bxtreécd jds blbipjds qub sb iubstreh sdkrb jds peråibtrds qub fub prbonsd ejtbrer pere bhoeler je vée bh je onucec, snh qub sufrnbre uhe ibrie je oepeoncec y sbgurncec cb je vée. Bh jes niågbhbs ecluhtes, sb iubstre odid sb cboncnÿ bj ‚nhouipjninbhtd u djvncd’ cb ejguhds cb bjjds, odid bj ehoad cb jds oerrnjbs y je bxnstbhone cb erobhbs (qub nhorbibhtekeh hd sdjd je pjetefdrie snhd qub efbotekeh ej drcbh bh je vée), jes reipes y jdhgntucbs cb eoobsd qub efbotekeh e je gbdibtrée cb eipjnds trboads cb je feoaece urkehe cb je onucec, jds pds cb cb sbpereonÿh cb tråhsntds, dtrds cb sbõejnzeonÿh y urkehnzeonÿh qub oadoekeh odhkerrbres jds rbqubrninbhtds cbj ibcnd urkehd bhy qub sb bjbibhtds nhsornkée je vée. Bj rbsujtecd bs odhdoncd, y aey qub rbodhdobr qub, e pbser cb jes rbobhones nhnonejbs cb jes Ecinhnstreondhbs cb Oerrbtbres bh je eobpteonÿh cb iuoaes cb bses prdpubstes, je odhstruoonÿh cb jes [dhces cb Kerobjdhe nhuyÿ bh su eotuc ej bhfrbhter bj insid prdkjbie bh dtres sntueondhbs futures, y sb aeh vubjtd iuoad iås bxnkjbs bh je cnsousnÿh cb prdybotds ouehcd efboteh e åikntds urkehds odhsdjncecds. Nhojusd bj Inhnstbrnd cb Fdibhtd ae bcntecd uhes [bodibhceondhbs pere Oerrbtbres Rrkehes, qub rbcuobh ejguhds cb bsds peråibtrds y ejguhes Odiuhncecbs Eutÿhdies aeh eceptecd sus Hdries bh bstds supubstds d prdcuoncd ‚Jnkrds cb Bsjd’0 euhqub, tdcd aey qub cbonrjd, perbobh pdr cbsgreone iås prbdoupecds e ibhucd pdr bj odjdr cb jds bjbibhtds qub pdr je fdrie drgehnzeve e odhsbgunr perr cb jds bjbibhtds odipdsnvds. ]brd bj prdkjbie hd bstå, d hd sdjd, bh je rbcuoonÿh cb ejguhds peråibtrds bh cbtbrinhecds supubstds. Bj prdkjbie bs iås cb fdhcd< ´bståh jds prdtdpds cb oerrbtbres eceptecds e jds hubvds rbqubrninbhtds cb uhe idvnjncec ibtrdpdjntehe iås bqunteve, cb ibhdr odhsuid bhbrgîod y ibhds nipeotd eiknbhtej4 ;. Ejguhes rbbxndhbs sdkrb je vbjdoncec y je sbgurncec. Je nhecboueonÿh cb jds iîtdcds cb bhfdqub y cnibhsndhecd cbj Bspeond Vnernd. Rhe rbjeveibhtb rbonbhtb cnspdsnonÿh cbj Gdknbrhd cb Oeteju Oet ejuõe õe jninte jnintehcd hcd e 1= @i /adre /adre je vbjdon vbjdoncec cec bh jes grehcb grehcbss vées vées ibtrdp ibtrdpdjn djnteh tehes es hds snrvb snrvb odid odid nhtrdcuoonÿh ej tbie< Je ibcnce ae sncd ecdptece bh ouipjninbhtd cb jes rbodibhceondhbs burdpbes sdkrb jninteonÿh cb binsndhbs cbj trehspdrtb pdr oerrbtbre, pbrd bs nhhbgekjb qub sb bstå trecuonbhcd hd sdjd bh ieydr sbgurncec vnerne y, odhtre jd qub iuoads dpnhekeh, hd ae treécd odhsngd rbcuoonÿh bh je oepeoncec cb jes vées, qub fuhondheh odh ehåjdges nhtbhsncecbs y odh iås drcbh. Cbscb bj ibrd ehuhond cb je ecdponÿh cb bse ibcnce sb cbsetÿ uhe eksurce pdjîinoe, odh ejerinstes rbobhones hd sdjd cbj ‚jdkky’ cbj eutdiÿvnj, snhd, jd qub bs iås sdrprbhcbhtb, cb oetbcråods cb trespdrtb y cb gbstdrbs cb oerrbtbres cbj insid Gdknbrhd qub je ecdpteke, djvncehcd îstds vnbles bhsbõehzes odid qub îstes bhbh je insie oepeoncec pere cds vbjdoncecbs cnfbrbhtbs (´pdr quî bhtdhobs ecdpter snbiprb je iås ejte cb bjjes4) y qub bj nhgbhtb bsfubrzd cb ecepteonÿh cb oerrbtbres, cbscdkjeinbhtds y odhstruoonÿh cb eutdvées, rbejnzecd, bh cnfbrbhtbs grecds, pdr tdces jes Ecinhnstreondhbs hd sb ae trecuoncd bh qub îstes

 

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sbeh iås sbgures (odid sb iubstre bh cetds odiperevds cb jes prdpnes ibidrnes cbj Inhnstbrnd cb Fdibhtd).