El Discurso Distópico en Los Relatos Del Cine, La Televisión y La Literatura Cuando El Futuro Nos Alcanza

 

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NHY@J^ H]@M^QFH 8 ^HOQFHGJ [ÈMS9 Ymnfifaj3 >8 am momrj am 9;87   Hnmpthaj3 2 am ehrzj am 9;87 

8

[jotf﬈nfh ]ofvmrsfaha Nhtþ`fnh am` Mnuhajr, Bhnu`tha am Njeuofnhnfþo, @fogðåstfnh y @ftmrhturh, Msnum`h am Njeuofnhnfþo, Xuftj, Mnuhajr. (hu`mstfh.nhr`jsKgehf`.nje). 9

[jotf﬈nfh ]ofvmrsfaha Nhtþ`fnh am` Mnuhajr, Bhnu`tha am Njeuofnhnfþo, @fogðåstfnh y @ftmrhturh, Msnum`h am

Njeuofnhnfþo, Xuftj, Mnuhajr. (^[ (^[HMSKpunm.mau.mn). HMSKpunm.mau.mn).

 

YMRF^QH []NM. F^^O3 9=9 AM OJR. AM 9;87, H]@M^QFH, [ÈMS, [[. 1>8-1=9

M@ AF^N]Y^J AF^QÞ[FNJ MO @J^ YM@HQJ^ YM@H QJ^ AM@ NFOM, @H @ H QM@MRF^FÞO V @H @FQMYH @FQMYHQ]YH3 Q]YH3 N]HOAJ M@ B]Q]YJ OJ^ H@NHOSH  QLM AF^QJ[FN ^[MMNL FO QLM BF@E, QM@MRF^FJO  HOA @FQMYHQ]YM @FQMYHQ]YM ^QJYFM^3 WLMO QLM B]Q]YM YMHNLM^ ]^.

NHY@J^ H]@M^QFH, ^HOQFHGJ [ÈMS 

[H@HIYH^ N@HRM3 utjpåh, afstjpåh, rm`htjs, emafjs am njeuofnhnfþo, `ftmrhturh DMV WJYA^3 utjpfh, aystjpfh, stjry, ehss emafh, `ftmrhturm

YM^]EMO Mo mstm hrtånu`j, h phrtfr am uoh am﬈ofnfþo am `js njonmptjs am utjpåh y afstjpåh, y sfgufmoaj `h emtjaj`jgåh am hoè`fsfs p`hotmhah pjr @. ^pftzmr ^pftzmr,, sm rmvfshrèo afmz ohrrhnfjoms, motrm `ftmrhrfhs y am `js emafjs am njeuofnhnfþo (tm`mvfsfþo y nfom). M` njrpus mstuafhaj nuirm nhsf nfmo højs am mxprmsfjoms, amsam 8691 lhsth

9;8;. Mo mstjs rm`htjs sm mstuafhrè `h ehomrh mo `h qum sus nrmhajrms prmsmotho `js uofvmrsjs afstþpfnjs. Mstjs uofvmrsjs smrèo vfstjs njej prjymnnfjoms nråtfnhs am `hs njoafnfjoms am vfah qum mxpmrfemoth `h sjnfmaha luehoh mo m` euoaj njotmepjrèomj.

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M@ AF^N]Y^J AF^QÞ[FNJ MO @J^ YM@HQJ^ YM@HQJ^ AM@ NFOM, @H QM@MRF^FÞO V @H @FQMYH @FQMYHQ]Q]YH3 N]HOAJ M@ B]Q]YJ OJ^ H@NHOSH H@NHOSH

 HI^QYHNQ Fo tlfs phpmr, ihsma jo h am﬈oftfjo jb tlm njonmpts jb utjpfh hoa aystjpfh, hoa bj``jwfog tlm hoh`ysfs emtljaj`jgy prjpjsma iy @. ^pftzmr, tmo stjrfms wf`` im rmvfmwma, hejog `ftmrhry hoa emafh (tm`mvfsfjo hoa ﬈`e). Qlm njrpus stuafma njvmrs h`ejst jom luoarma

ymhrs jb mxprmssfjos, brje 8691 tj 9;8;. Fo tlmsm stjrfms wf`` im stuafma tlm why fo wlfnl fts nrmhtjrs prmsmot tlm aystjpfn uofvmrsms. Qlmsm uofvmrsms wf`` im smmo hs nrftfnh` prjcmntfjos jb `fvfog njoaftfjos mxpmrfmonma iy lueho sjnfmty fo tlm njotmepjrhry wjr`a.

 HOQMNMAMOQM^   [hrh njemozhr, hsmotmejs uo

^f njeprmoamejs h `hs afstjpåhs

phr am njonmptjs, sj`hemotm phrh qum ojs pjoghejs am hnumraj mo hqum``j am `j qum vhejs h trhthr3 Amtmrefomejs `j qum vhejs h njosfamrhr njej uoh afstjpåh. M` ﬈`þsjbj hohrqufsth Ehrtfo Ehr tfo Iuimr, mo su `firj Nhefojs am ]tjpåh, ojs afnm `j sfgufmotm3

am `h `ftmrhturh am hotfnfphnfþo njej fehgfohnfjoms hotf-utþpfnhs, amimejs hsuefr`hs pums, njonmptuh`emotm, njej vfsfjoms j, emcjr afnlj, njej prmvfsfjoms am uo tfmepj buturj y am uo msphnfj hsj`hajs pjr `h fepmrbmnnfþo y `h focustfnfh, `h rufoh am` euoaj y `h amgrhahnfþo am `h mspmnfm luehoh. H` rmbmrfrojs h `hs afstjpåhs, njej afsnursj am `js emafjs am njeuofnhnfþo

…`h vfsfþo am `j custj sm njosueh mo `h fehgmo am uo tfmepj pmrbmntj3 njej msnhtj`jgåh emsfèofnh4 mo `h famh, `h vfsfþo am `j custj mo `h fehgmo am uo msphnfj pmrbmntj3 njej utjpåh. [jr su msmonfh, `h prfemrh trhsnfmoam `j sjnfh`, sm jnuph am` ljeirm njej nrmhnfþo, y lhsth am `j nþsefnj4 `h smguoah pmrehomnm nfrnuosnrfth pjr m` èeiftj am `h sjnfmaha, huoqum h vmnms motrhøh mo su fehgmo uoh trhosbjrehnfþo fotmroh am` ljeirm. (Iuimr, 86==, pèg. 81

y `h `ftmrhturh, nrmj qum amimejs rmejothrojs lhsth msh fs`h utþpfnh am mqufahams, hrejoåhs y pmrbmnnfjoms qum fehgfohrh Qjeès Qjeès Ejrj lhnfh 8=82, højs hotms am qum su bm `m lfnfmrh pmramr `h nhimzh mo uo @joarms bmrjz, am tfrhoåh, fotrfghs ph`hnfmghs y nrum`ahams, sftuhaj h højs `uz am msm phrhåsj qum amsnrfifmrh mo su `firj, afnfmoaj3

 

YMRF^QH []NM. F^^O3 9=9 AM OJR. AM 9;87, H]@M^QFH, [ÈMS, [[. 1>8-1=9

Js lm amsnrftj njo `h ehyjr sfonmrfaha m` ejaj am smr am su Ympói`fnh (]tjpåh) h `h qum njosfamrj oj sj`j `h emcjr, sfoj `h óofnh afgoh am ``mvhr th` ojeirm. [jrqum [jrqum mo jtrjs sftfjs `js qum lhi`ho am `h Ympói`fnh `j qum iusnho ms su fotmræs pmrsjoh`. [mrj [mrj mo ]tjpåh, njej oj lhy fotmrmsms phrtfnu`hrms, sm tjeh njej fotmræs prjpfj m` phtrfejofj pói`fnj4 njo `j nuh` m` prjvmnlj ms phrh tjajs. Mo jtrhs rmpói`fnhs tjaj m` euoaj shim qum sf uoj oj sm prmjnuph am så sm ejrfråh am lheirm, huoqum m` Msthaj smh ﬉j-

tjs, ththrhofmtjs y am `h eès af`hthah amsnmoamonfh. Rmothchs Rmothchs qum h`nhozho pjr fguh` h qufmoms hotms trhihchrjo y hljrh mstèo mo m` rmtfrj y `h fepjtmonfh njej h `js qum trhihcho hntuh`emotm. (Ejrj, 869)

su eucmr, am sus lfcjs, ofmtjs, ifsofm-

shiho h `js ‐njeuofsths utþpfnjs― am oj

Mo 8=

 

M@ AF^N]Y^J AF^QÞ[FNJ MO @J^ YM@HQJ^ YM@HQJ^ AM@ NFOM, @H QM@MRF^FÞO V @H @FQMYH @FQMYHQ]Q]YH3 N]HOAJ M@ B]Q]YJ OJ^ H@NHOSH H@NHOSH

njeprmoamr `hs bumrzhs fonjotmofi`ms, vmrahamrhs y pmrnmptfi`ms am` nheifj sjnfh`, y am njeprmoamr mrrhahemotm msm nheifj sjnfh` hpm`hoaj ‐h `h rhzþo, h `h  custfnfh y h `h vj`uotha am` ljeirm phrh vj`vmr h su `ughr h `h sjnfmaha luehoh amsqufnfhah… amsqufn fhah…―― (Iuimr, 86==, pèg. 82). Am ehomrh euy sfef`hr h` p`hotmhefmotj hotfutþpfnj ehrxfsth, phrh `js pmoshajrms njosmrvhajrms, njej Yjimrt ^phmehoo, ﬈`þsjbj nhtþ`fnj njotmepjrèomj, `hs utjpåhs sjo fguh`emotm foqufmthotms8, afnm mstm hutjr3

prjvmnljsh am `h gmjgrhbåh, m` mcmep`j eès njotuoamotm am msth vfsfþo3 h ﬈oms am` sfg`j \F\ m fofnfjs am` \\, sm nheifhrjo `js ehrms, h` njostrufrsm `js nhoh`ms am ^umz y [hoheè. @js pjsftfvfsths „Ehrx y `js suyjs mo `h fzqufmrah y `js amtmothajrms am` `firm emrnhaj mo `h amrmnlh- njovmonfajs am `mvhothr sjirm ihsms nfmotå﬈nhs m fonjotmsthi`ms sus vfsfjoms am` buturj, uojs y jtrjs „`fimrh`ms y njeuofsthsfehgfohrjo fehgfohr jo sjnfmahams hrejofjshs phrfahs pjr uo prjgrmsj fonjotmofi`m, fonjotmofi`m, uofafrmnnfjoh` y `uefojsj. V, V, nfmotå﬈njs njej

@h emth utþpfnh am `h hij`fnfþo am` pjamr `mgftfeh, mo nheifj, m` pjamr fonjotrj`haj pjrqum `js pjsfi`ms njotrj`hajrms, mo nuhotj msn`hvjs am `h ohturh`mzh, ms amnfr, amnfr, smrms smrms sfo mehonfphr, oj pjsmmo tjahvåh m` nhrèntmr am sucmtj pj`åtfnj. (^phmehoo, 862

 

YMRF^QH []NM. F^^O3 9=9 AM OJR. AM 9;87, H]@M^QFH, [ÈMS, [[. 1>8-1=9

Ms njotrh mshs fehgfohnfjoms, njotrh mshs ajs sjnfmahams pjsfi`ms, hutjrfthrfhs, nhrghahs am rmprmsfþo, ihoh`faha m focustfnh, ms njotrh msths rmh`fahams, qum `h nfmonfh ﬈nnfþo fovmoth `hs afstjpåhs. Fosfstfejs3 `hs afstjpåhs „sftuhahs, gmomrh`emotm, mo m` buturj- sm fehgfoho njotrh sftuhnfjoms sjnfh`ms y pj`åtfnhs euy njonrmths am` prmsmotm. M` eætjaj qum hp`fnhrmejs h` hoè`fsfs am `js afsnursjs, mo mstm hrtånu`j, thotj am `js nfomehtjgrè﬈njs, njej am `js tm`mvfsfvjs y `js `ftmrhrfjs, sm fospfrh mo `h prjpumsth am @mj ^pftzmr qufmo

prfemrj `js amth``ms mo m` hspmntj supmr﬈nfh` am `h jirh mo phrtfnu`hr… qum hgrupm `umgj msjs amth``ms y trhtm am fotmgrhr`js mo uo prfonfpfj nrmhajr qum pumah lhimr msthaj prmsmotm mo m` h`eh am hrtfsth4 qum, ﬈oh`emotm, fotmotm uo lèif` hthqum pjr `h msph`ah sjirm `js jtrjs grupjs am sus jismrvhnfjoms, phrh njeprjihr, am mstm ejaj, sf `h ‐bjreh fotmroh―, qum lh rmnjostrufaj pjr våh am` moshyj, ah rhzþo am` njocuotj am `h jirh. (^pftzmr, 8671, pèg. >9)

mo su `firj @fogðåstfnh m lfstjrfh `ftmrhrfh, amshrrj``h uo eætjaj am fotmrprmthnfþo am `js tmxtjs, amsam m` hoè`fsfs `fogðåstfnj mo m` qum, h phrtfr am uo njocuotj am rm`hnfjoms sfgof﬈nhtfvhs hprmlmoafahs motrm ajs ph`hirhs afstfoths, sm hrrfih h` msthi`mnfefmotj am uo phrmotmsnj mpfstmej`þgfnj motrm m``hs, th` rm`hnfþo `hs mxp`fnh. Ms uo eætjaj qum ymoaj amsam `h supmr﬈nfm ``mgh h uoh fotmrfjrfaha am`

Njej vmejs, m` prjnmafefmotj am ^pftzmr ms nån`fnj, sm trhth am pmomtrhr lhnfh uo nmotrj sfgof﬈nhtfvj „qum ojsjtrjs lmejs amojefohaj tmeh- amsam `h supmr﬈nfm am` tmxtj ohrrhtfvj, phrh `umgj, `umgj, njo `h uofaha am smotfaj qum sm lhyh jitmofaj mo msm prfemr phsj, rmgrmshr h` ofvm` supmr﬈nfh` phrh njeprmoamr`j emcjr.  Qrhihcmejs,  Qrhihcme js, pums, sfgufmoaj m` eætjaj p`hotmhaj, njo afmz ehofbms-

smotfaj, qum mxp`fnh m` prji`meh. Hp`fnhoaj mstm eætjaj h `h `ftmrhturh „y ojsjtrjs afråhejs, h jtrhs bjrehs ohrrhtfvhs njej m` nfom j `h tm`mvfsfþo-, @mj ^pftzmr prjpjom3

thnfjoms feprmsnfoafi`ms am` bmoþemoj mstuafhaj, jramohahs nrjoj`þgfnhemotm. @js mcmep`js prmsmothajs, ojs phrmnm, njostftuymo uoh eumstrh vè`fah am` bmoþemoj, thotj pjr su trhsnmoamonfh mstætfnh, njej pjr su afbusfþo gmomrh`fzhah y pjr `h fepjrthonfh am sus nrmhajrms, smho msnrftjrms, nfomhsths j prjauntjrms am tm`mvfsfþo.

…pumaj sugmrfr (h` fovmstfghajr), qum prjnmah mo su trhihcj amsam `h supmr﬈nfm lhsth m` nmotrj vfth` fotmroj am `h jirh am hrtm4 qum jismrvm

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M@ AF^N]Y^J AF^QÞ[FNJ MO @J^ YM@HQJ^ YM@HQJ^ AM@ NFOM, @H QM@MRF^FÞO V @H @FQMYH @FQMYHQ]Q]YH3 N]HOAJ M@ B]Q]YJ OJ^ H@NHOSH H@NHOSH

]OH AF^QJ[ÅH ^JRFÆQFNH  Mepmnmejs njo Iu`ghdjv y su ojvm`h njrth Lumvjs bhth`ms am 8691 (Iu`ghdjv). Mo msth jirh, Efchf` Iu`ghd cjv „m` ehrhvf``jsj ehrhvf`` jsj hutjr am M` ehmstrj y ehrghrfth y Ojvm`h tmhtrh`- numoth uoh lfstjrfh lf`hrhotm3 ]o nfmotå﬈nj, mxpmrfemothoaj njo uojs rhyjs, lh``h uoh rhafhnfþo qum ms nhphz am mstfeu`hr uo nrmnfefmotj amsprjpjrnfjohaj am hqum``j qum tjnh3 jicmtjs fojrgèofnjs j smrms vfvjs. M` lh``hzgj ms tho hnnfamoth` njej prjefsjrfj.

surgm am uo eh`motmoafaj gmomrhaj mo `js fotrfonhajs prjnmafefmotjs prjpfjs am `h iurjnrhnfh, uoh rma tho mojrem y njep`mch njej `h grho phtrfh sjvfætfnh, y eunlåsfej eès efstmrfjsh. [hsh qum `js lumvjs am gh``foh qum uoh j﬈nfoh am` Msthaj lhiåh movfhaj h` nfmotå﬈nj am `h lfstjrfh, y qum amifahemotm frrhafhajs amiåho rmvmothr mo pj``um`js gfghotmsnjs, sjo sustftufajs, mo `js phsf``js y ijamghs iurjnrètfnjs, pjr uo nhrghemotj am lumvjs am rmp-

Hnjotmnm mstm prjafgfj nfmotå﬈nj mo `h ]ofþo ^jvfætfnh am `js p`homs qufoqumoh`ms, am `hs grhoams jirhs am lfarèu`fnhs m foaustrfh`ms. Mo msm njotmxtj, `h utf`faha am` rhyj am nrmnfefmotj ms jivfh3 prjaunfrè gh``fohs gfthomsnhs, njomcjs mojrems, ijvfojs nfn`þpmjs phrh h`femothr h tjah msh ehsh am prj`mthrfjs qum, bm`fnms y hgrhamnfajs njo m` Msthaj, hghnlho `h msph`ah y `mvhotho `js irhzjs

tf`ms amstfohajs h pji`hr `js zjj`þgfnjs am` phås. M` rmsu`thaj ms tmrrfi`m3 njirhs am vmfotm emtrjs qum sm amsphnlho am uo sj`j ijnhaj, h` eès hgumrrfaj rmprmsmothotm am` mcærnftj rjcj, shurfjs am` thehøj am nhshs qum amvhstho y hsj`ho `h nhepføh sjvfætfnh, amstruymo `hs mojrems bèirfnhs y afmzeho `h pji`hnfþo am prj`mthrfjs ``mvhoaj m` phås h

njo sus ph`hs y th`harjs phrh njostrufr, gj`pm h gj`pm, `h grhoamzh am `h grho phtrfh sjvfætfnh. M` prji`meh qum brustrhrè mstm p`ho am h`femothnfþo am` prj`mthrfhaj, sj`unfþo am` lheirm y bumotm am `h momrgåh omnmshrfh phrh `h njonrmnfþo am `js prjymntjs amsnjeuoh`ms am fobrhmstrunturh qum ``mvhråho lhsth `hs mstrm``hs h` grhoam y subrfaj pumi`j am `js sþvfmts,

su amstrunnfþo.  Qmomejs,  Q momejs, pums, uo prjymntj prjauntfvj nfn`þpmj qum sm luoam pjr nu`ph am `h iurjnrhnfh y hrrhstrh njo uo phås mxtmosj y amstruym tjaj uo pumi`j. Iu`ghdjv, njo su afstjpåh, oj s`j nrftfnh h` tjth`fthrfsej qum subrfþ mo nhrom prjpfh, pums bum pmrsmgufaj y htjremothaj pjr `h pj`fnåh pj`åtfnh am ^th`fo, Iu`ghdjv lhnm h`gj eès sutf`3 nrftfnh uoh ojnfþo

m` prji`meh am mstm p`ho ehrhvf``jsj

am prjgrmsj, `h am `hs jirhs ehstjaþo-

1><

 

YMRF^QH []NM. F^^O3 9=9 AM OJR. AM 9;87, H]@M^QFH, [ÈMS, [[. 1>8-1=9

tfnhs, afnm qum m``hs, grhnfhs h `h iurjnrhnfh qum `hs sustmoth, tmrefoho pjr

hrrufohr h `js pumi`js qum, sm supjom, amiåho rmafefr.

]OH AF^QJ[ÅH NJOQYH M@ M]YJNMOQYF^EJ V M@ NJ@JOFH@F^EJ [jamejs `mmr mo `h ojvm`h @H G]MYYH AM @H^ ^H@HEHOAYH^, am Dhrm` Dhpmn , pui`fnhah pjr prfemrh vmz mo 86>23 ¡H`þ, vjsjtrjs `js ljeirms! ¡Njosmrvha `h nh`eh! Oj tmomejs fotmonfjoms ljstf`ms njotrh vjsjtrjs. Omnmsfthejs óofnhemotm eès hguh, eès njsths. [jr msj tmomejs qum rmejvmr oumstrjs njotfomotms… Oj pjamejs vfvfr mo hguhs prjbuoahs. Omnmsfthejs am vumstrjs njotfomotms phrh rm``moj am `hs prjbuoafahams. (Dhpmd, pèg. 88=)

rm`mghajs h `j qum bumrjo tmrrftjrfjs emaftmrrèomjs4 `hs ejothøhs rjnjshs mo Heærfnh am` Ojrtm, supjogj qum Ij`fvfh mo ^uaheærfnh… [rhgh, `h [rhgh am Dhpmn, ms mo su ojvm`h uo pumrtj ehråtfej. V ms qum m` hutjr am @H G]MYYH AM @H^ ^H@HEHOAYH^, ms nlmnj, ms amnfr,

Ms Nlfmb ^h`hehoamr qufmo sm afrf-

jrfgfohrfj am uo phås pmrfbærfnj y msnrftjr am uo fafjeh pmrfbærfnj, qufmo msnrfih mo nlmnj hpmohs tfmom uo uofvmrsj am hpmohs 8> ef``joms am `mntjrms pjsfi`ms, `j qum ms eåofej njephrhaj njo `js hog`jphr`hotms qum sjo 8=;; ef``joms, j `js lfsphojlhi`hotms qum sjejs ==6 ef``joms. M` `ughr amsam m` qum Dhpmn vm y njeprmoam m` euoaj -msh pmrfbmrfh

gm hså h `h luehofaha, mo ojeirm am sus gjimrohajs3 uojs shurfjs grhoams njej pmrrjs m fotm`fgmotms qum, mo h`góo ejemotj am` sfg`j \\ bumrjo amsnuifmrtjs mo uohs fs`hs am` sur [hnå﬈nj. Msjs smrms lho nrmnfaj, lho hsfef`haj `h nfmonfh am `js luehojs y, mo m` prmsmotm am `h ojvm`h, `ms lhnmo `h gumrrh njo æxftj3 luoamo `h ehyjr phrtm am oumstrjs njotfomotms phrh hep`fhr `js suyjs, suiehrfojs. @js

am `js phåsms qum mstèo mo m` `åeftm am Murjph- `m pmreftm pmreftm msnrfifr msth ojvm`h ojvm`h mo `h qum su afstjpåh am uo euoaj luehoj qum ms hsj`haj pjr uojs shurfjs fotm`fgmotms qum surgmo am` ehr m fovhamo y amrrfiho `hs njsths. Msjs rmptf`ms sjo amsnuifmrtjs pjr ehrfomrjs qum `js lh``ho motrmghajs h uo rftuh` prfeftfvj4 njo m` phsj am `js højs y m` njothntj njo `js luehojs „tmnoj`þgfnhemotm

luehojs qumahejs, mo msth afstjpåh,

eunlj eès hvhozhajs, `hs sh`hehoarhs 1>6

 

M@ AF^N]Y^J AF^QÞ[FNJ MO @J^ YM@HQJ^ YM@HQJ^ AM@ NFOM, @H QM@MRF^FÞO V @H @FQMYH @FQMYHQ]Q]YH3 N]HOAJ M@ B]Q]YJ OJ^ H@NHOSH H@NHOSH

hprmoamo, amshrrj``ho sus prjpfjs nj- `ms3 Nmuth y Em`f``h, m` Emaftmrrèomj motrm ojnfefmotjs, prjaunmo sus nfmotå﬈njs  Qurquåh  Qurquåh y Grmnfh, j `js pumstjs brjotmrfy, ﬈oh`emotm, rmtho h `js luehojs qum zjs am` sur am MM]]. Njo tmrrjr, ojs vmo `js lho mxp`thaj njej ehoj am jirh ``mghr h sus njsths y h sus nfuahams, y ihrhth phrh sus prjymntjs am mxphosfþo pjnj pumamo lhnmr pjr amtmomrojs. Qho Qho mo `js jnæhojs. @h sfef`ftua am msath pjnj njej pumamo lhnmr `js luehojs lfstjrfh ﬈ntfnfh njo `h lfstjrfh vmrahamrh am `h afstjpåh am Dhrm` Dhpmn qum, h` ﬈am` nj`jofh`fsej ms euy n`hrh3 @js phåsms oh` am `h ojvm`h, vmo m` euoaj suemrgfnmotrh`ms am oumstrj sfstmeh euoafh`, aj mo m` ehr y ajefohaj pjr sus jtrjrh Murjph y MM]], mobrmotho ljy `hs ljrahs suijrafohajs3 `hs sh`vhcms sh`hehoarhs, am lhifthotms am `js phåsms pmrfbærfnjs, tho pm`fgrjshs m``hs, h `h `hrgh, njej nuh`nj`jofzhajs qum, mo iusnh am uoh emcjr qufmrh am ojsjtrjs, `js iumojs sh`vhcms vfah, `js fovhamo pjr sus brjotmrhs g`jih- suahemrfnhoj j suishlhrfhojs.

@H AF^QJ[ÅH AM@ H]QJYFQHYF^EJ Xufzè `h eès njojnfah am `hs afstjpåhs `ftmrhrfhs smh 86