El Ácido Sulfúrico Propiedades y Comportamiento en Solución

 

Bc èmedg sucaûremg; prgpebdhdbs y mg`pgrth`ebltg bl sgcumeýl

]tbahleh ^gdreoubz Dehz

Kuhl Dhved Hdh`b ^gdreoubz Orupg :?5 L^M 161>; 161>; Xuà`emh Oblbrhc

Eloblebràh Eldustrehc Ngogtè D.M >:>8

 

AEMFH;

Èmedg sucaûremg; prgpebdhdbs y mg`pgrth`ebltg bl sgcumeýl

 Èmedg sucaûremg F>]G4

Mg`pcbthr sboûl mgrrbspgldh h. ·Zgr quå quå sb utecezh utecezh bstb bstb pemtgorh pemtgorh`h `h bl chs aemfh aemfhs s db sbouredhd dbc èmedg sucaûremg7  Zhrh nreldhr elagr`hmeýl sgnrb ch `hlepuchmeýl db cgs quà`emgs, bl bc mhsg dbc èmedg sucaûremg pubdb prgvgmhr qub`hdurhs hc thmtg y bs mgrrgsevg bl mglthmtg mgl `bthcbs. n. Edblteae Edblteaequb qub bl ch seoueb seouebltb ltb aemfh aemfh db sbouredh sbouredhd d chs arhsbs F y Z y rbspgldh (Qbr aemfh); •

n.8 ·Xuå elagr`hmeýl nreldh mhdh ulh db chs arhsbs7  Ch F fhmb rbabrblmeh h ch seoch bl elocbs –Fhrzhrd‐   qub edblteaemh bc pbceorg sb pubdb tblbr bl ch `hlepuchmeýl dbc quà`emg, phrh bc èmedg sucaûremg; F>5: Zubdb sbr mgrrgsevg phrh cgs `bthcbs F=84 Zrgvgmh qub`hdurhs orhvbs bl ch pebc  y cbseglbs gmuchrbs orhvbs. Zgr gtrh phrtb, ch Z fhmb rbabrblmeh h ch –Zrudblmeh‐  qub sgl chs `bdedhs rbmg`bldhdhs phrh `ele`ezhr  babmtgs dbsahvgrhncbs bl ch `hlepuchmeýl, bl bc mhsg db quà`emg bkb`pceaemhdg tblb`gs cgs seouebltbs mglsbkgs; Z>6: Ccbvhr ouhltbs/prbldhs/ohahs/`èsm ouhltbs/prbldhs/ohahs/`èsmhrh hrh db prgtbmmeýl 

 

 

 

Z=:2 + gkgs Z=28blkuhohr + Z==6 Bl mhsg db mglthmtg mgl cgs muedhdgsh`bltb muedhdgsh`blt b durhltb vhregs `elutgs. Xuethr cgs cbltbs db mglthmtg muhldg bstb prbsbltbs y pgdbr hsà fhmbrsb mgl ahmecedhd bc chvhdg Z=:5 + Z=8: Bl mhsg db bxpgsemeýl g `hcbsthr; cch`hr db `hlbrh el`bdehth ul mbltrg db tgxemgcgoàh g h ul `ådemg. Z=:8 + Z==: + Z==8 Bl mhsg db elobsteýl; Blkuhohrsb ch ngmh y lg prgvgmhr b vý`etg.>  vý`etg.>  • n.> ·Zgr quå bs e`pgrthltb tblbr bl mublth bsth elagr`hmeýl hltbs y durhltb bc usg db muhcquebr  rbhmtevg7  Zgrq Zg rqub ub `bde `bdehl hltb tb cg cgs s pbce pbceor orgs gs y cg cgs s mgls mglsbk bkgs gs db  

 

 

prudblmeh sb bsthncbmbl cgs bcb`bltgs db prgtbmmeýl pbrsglhc phrh su `hlepuchmeýl bl mhsg db pgsencbs dbrrh`bs g hmmedbltbs bl ch pchlthl bstål prgtboedgs bl tgdg su mubrpg, yh qub chs pbrsglhs qub sb blmhrohl dbc prgmbsg db `hlepuchmeýl bstèl bl ul mglsthltb pbceorg pgr cgs pgsencbs mglthmtg db pebc pebc g ch chs s rb rbhm hmme megl glbs bs dbc dbc quà` quà`em emg g bl ulh ulh `hch `hch `hlepuchmeýl `hlepuchmeý l dbc `es`g.8

Bc èmedg sucaûremg mglmbltrhdg bstè hc 56% (86.?@), bs ul càquedg hmbetgsg mgl ulh dblsedhd db 8,6= o / m`=.

h.·Xuå quebrb dbmer qub bc èmedg bstè hc 56%7  Eldemh qub bc èmedg sb blmubltrh bl ul levbc db purbzh dbc 56% y bc >% rbsthltb bs mg`pubstg mgl houh. = n.·Xuå n.·Xuå seoleaemh qub bc èmedg bstå hc 86@7  Xub sb teblbl 86 @gcbs bl bc cetrg db èmedg sucaûremg.4 sucaûremg.4 m. ·Zgr quå bs e`pgrthltb mglgmbr ch mglmbltrhmeýl db ulh susthlmeh quà`emh7  Ch mglmbltrhmeýl dbtbr`elh cgs tepgs db `hlepuchmeýl, yh qub sb blmubltrh h ul levbc `uy hctg db purbzh sb dbnb tblbr ulh `hygr prbmhumeýl bl su `hlbkg phrh bvethr hmmedbltbs orhvbs hc `hlepuchdgr. Thltg bl rbhmmeglbs mgl `bthcbs mg`g mgl lg `b- thcbs sb bvedblmeh qub bc èmedg sucaûremg bs ul hobltb gxedhltb. ·Mý`g pubdb bxpcemhr h phrter db ch elagr`hmeýl qub nreldhl chs bmuhmeglbs quà`emhs bsth haer`hmeýl7  Chs mhrhmtbràstemhs gxedhltbs prbdg`elhltbs rbhmmeglhl db `hlbrh horbsevh mgl `htbrehcbs rbdumtgrbs h) ^bhmm ^bhmmeýl eýl mgl `bthc `bthcbs bs

h. ^bhmmeýl mgl `bthcbs

[l(s) + [l(s)  + >F>]G4  ---- 7 (hq) +  + >F>G (c) + (c) + ]G> [l]G4  (hq) (o)

 

 [l:(  s ) + >  F >] QE  G4  ↞ [l EE   ]  EQ  G4(h ) + >F>G +]G>

Bc zelm bl bc nhchlmbg db ch bmuhmeýl quà`emh bs ul hobltb rbdumtgr y sb gxedh ohlhldg bcbmtgrbs

n. ^bhmmeýl mgl lg `bthcbs

Bc sgdeg bs ulh susthlmeh rbdumedh bl bc nhchlmbg pbrdebldg bcbmtrglbs y sebldg ulh hobltb gxedhltbs

7 >F>G(c) (c) +  + > ]G>(o) (o) +  + MG>(o)

(s) +  + >F>]G4  -M(s)

n) ^bhmmeýl mgl lg `bthcbs `bthcbs  

 F >] QE G4↞> F   F > G ( c ) + ]  EQ  G( o   s ) + >  F   o ) + M  EQ  G (  o ) M : ( s

Bc mhrnglg ohlhldg bcbmtrglbs durhltb bc nhchlmbg sebldg ulh susthlmeh gxedhdh y ul hobltb rbdumtgr 

   

 

Bc èmedg sucaûremg sb utecezh bl ch prg prgdumm dummeýl eýl abrtecez abrtecezhltb s mg`g bc sucahtg db db h`gleg, hhltbs phrter db ch seouebltb rbhmmeýl; LF= (hq) + F>]G4 (hq)----(hq)-----   7  (LF4) >]G4(hq)

]e `bzmch :,>41 C db ulh sgcumeýl >@ db LF=  mgl ulh sgcumeýl =,: @ db F>]G4  ·muèc sbràh bc vgcu`bl db sg- cumeýl db F>]G4  qub sb rbquebrb phrh qub tblo tbloh h cuohr cuohr ch rb rbhmm hmmeýl eýl y sb gntbloh bc LF4)>]G4 (hq).

Bc sgdeg bs ulh susthlmeh rbdumedh bl bc nhchlmbg pbrdebldg bcbmtrglbs y ul hobltb gxedhltbs h. ·Muèc ·Muèc bs ch bmuhmeýl bmuhmeýl nhchlm nhchlmbh bhdh dh qub rbprbs rbprbsblt blth h ch gntblmeýl dbc sucahtg db h`gleg7 Bsmrànhch. (hq) +  + F>]G4(hq)  LF=(hq)

(LF4)>]G4(hq)

n. ·Muècbs ·Muècbs sgl sgl cgs phsgs phsgs qub qub sb ccbvh ccbvh phrh gntblbr gntblbr bc  vgcu`bl db èmedg sucaûremg qub sb rbquebrb phrh qub tbloh cuohr ch rbhmmeýl7 Dbsmrenh. 8. ]b dbnb pchltbhr ch bmuhmeýl >. Nhchlmbhr mgl bc `åtgdg db thltbg se`pcb =. Mhcmuchr cgs bcbmtrglbs pbrdedgs y bquecenrhdgs

m. ·Muè ·Muècc bs bc vgcu` vgcu`bl bl db èmed èmedg g suca sucaûr ûrem emg g qub qub sb rb-  rb-  quebrb phrh qub tbloh cuohr ch rbhmmeýl72  rbhmmeýl72  QH0QN ∟MN

:,>41 C > @  

QN

 

MN

 

MH = @   

QH

7

 

QH

:,>41 C∟> @

 

0:,814 C

= @ 

d. ·Zgr quå sb pubdb haer`hr qub bc èmedg sucaûremg sb utecezh phrh ch prgdummeýl db abrtecezhltbs7  Cgs Cg s abrtec abrtecezh ezhltb ltbs s db agsah agsahtgs tgs bchngr bchngrhd hdgs gs mgl bc èm èmedg edg sucaûre suc aûremg, mg, prgdumbl prgdumbl ul èmedg èmedg agsaýrem agsaýremg, g, vgcveåld vgcveåldgcg gcg ul abrtecezhltb `ès sbourg db `hlepuchr y phrh su usg lg bs tgxemg. Th`neål phrh abrtecezhltbs dg`åstemgs sb utecezh bl ch khrdelbràh bc sucahtg db h`gleg th`neål bchngrhdg mgl bc èmedg sucaûremg

Dbltrg db cgs phsgs db èmedg edblteaemhmeýl dbc sucaûr suc aûremg emg (F>]G4) bstè ch db hdemeglhr (ogth h ogth) 8: `c dbc prgdumtg dbrrh`hdg h 2: `c db mcgrurg urg db nhre nhreg g sgcumeýl db mcgr > > def defedr edrhthd hthdg g teblb (NhMc (NhMccuohr . >Fagr`hrè G), ch rbhmmeýl qub

h. ·Muèc ·Muèc bs ch bmuhmeý bmuhmeýl l qub rbprbsb rbprbsblth lth ch rbhmm rbhmmeýl eýl qub teblb teblb cuohr cuohr phrh phrh edblte edblteaem aemhr hr ch prbsb prbsblme lmeh h db ème èmedg dg sucaûr suc aûrem emg7 g7 Bsmrà Bsmrànhc nhch h nhchlm nhchlmbh bhdh dh b eldem eldemhld hldg g cgs bsthdgs aàsemgs db rbhmtevgs y prgdumtgs. F > ]

:4 +NhMc >+ >F > G

^bhmtevgs

Nh]G4 +

>FMC+ >F > G

Zrgdumtg

 

ulh lunb db mgcgr nchlmg qub sb vh deseph desephld ldg g y bs bsph phrme rmebl bldg dg pgr  pgr  tgdh ch lubvh sgcumeýl9 hc mhng db ul mgrtg teb`pg, sb gnsbr vh vh bl bc agldg ul mû`ucg sýcedg db mgcgr  nchlmg qub mgrrbspgldb hc prbmepethdg db sucahtg db nhreg.

 

]gcedgs

Cequedg

n. ·Zgr quå sb utecezh bc mcgrurg db nhreg defedrhthdg  phrh edblteaemhr edblteaemhr èmedg sucaûremg7  sucaûremg7  Zgrqub pgr `bdeg dbc mcgrurg db nhreg defedrhthdg bl ch prbm prbmep epet ethm hmeý eýl l sb dh ul mgcg mgcgrr nchl nchlmg mg y muhl muhldg dg bstb bstb

mg`p mg`pglb glbltb ltb teblb teblb bsh rbhm rbhmmeý meýl l sb edblte edblteaem aemh h bc èm èmedg edg sucaûremg `bdehltb bs rbhmmeýl.1  rbhmmeýl. 1 

Nencegorhaàh 8. (]/a). Ogv.mg. ^bmupbrhdg bc 8> db lgveb`nrb db >:>8, db

fttp;//dgmu`blthmegl.edbh`.ogv.mg/gpblnenceg/nvertuhc/:865:=/Celis/Oueh4.pda 

 

>. (]/a-n). Gro.hr. ^bmupbrhdg bc 8> db lgveb`nrb db >:>8, db

fttps;//www.mehah.gro.hr/aecbs/qIzM1VXIs?Mi?I511`niXTbx`qGEhIeK MLe1pq2s.pda  =. -hcemhltb.mg`. (>:82). Zurbzh (Xuà`emh). fttps;//ocgshregs.sbrvedgr-

hcemhltb.mg`/que`emh/purbzh 4. Bcb`bltgs quà`emgs grdblhdgs pgr su `hsh htý`emh. (s/a). Cblltbmf.bs.

^bmupbrhdg bc 8> db lgveb`nrb db >:>8, db

fttps;//www.cblltbmf.bs/thnch-pbegdemh/`hsh-htg`emh.ft` 2. Xuà`emhs. (s/a). Xue`emhs.lbt. ^bmupbrhdg bc 8> db lgveb`nrb db >:>8,

db fttps;//www.que`emhs.lbt/>:82/8:/bkb`pcgs-db-vgcu`bl-`gchr.ft`c 1. @bdelh, Q. (>:>:, blbrg >5). Mcgrurg db nhreg. Obgxlbt.mg`.

fttps;//www.obgxlbt.mg`/mcgrurg-db-nhreg/