El Aborto Como Un Bien Social

 

DF G@OPXO EOLO TK @CDK UOECGF

 

^çmckg 7 hd 09

 

Kol`rd hdf gfulko: Gfokhrg G`rcf Holìkmudz @grrghgs Xdlg: Df g`orto eolo uk `cdk soecgf“  ‖

Mrgho: ^rcldr sdldstrd Mrupo: ‖G“  Dseudfg: ‖Xdfd`gebcffdrgto fg Pdiorlg“  Gscmkgturg:Ldtohofomìg hd fg ckvdstcmgecõk Fumgr ::Fg Pdiorlg Idebg:5/Dkdro/0>00 Lgdstro/g:Lgredfg Fgrds Bdrrdrg

 

^çmckg 0 hd 09

 

Ìkhced

^rdsdktgecõk

^ortghg…………….7.0 Ìkhced………………..5 ^rotoeofo hd ckvdstcmgecõk

Cktrohueecõk………...8 ^fgktdglcdkto……...4

Erctdrcos ldtohofõmceos…..9 Lgreo tdõrceo…........= O`jdtcvos……….......2 Bcpõtdscs……………3 Pdportd hd fg ckvdstcmgecõk

Df g`orto eolo uk `cdk soecgf….75 Eokefuscokds………08  Iudktds…………….04

 

^çmckg 5 hd 09

 

Cktrohueecõk Df g`orto eolo uk `cdk soecgf

fo qud ld ckspcrõ g bgedr df proydeto so`rd dstd tdlg iud ffg g egktchgh hd hdsckiorlgecõk qud bgy gf rdspdeto, ko sofo hdf g`orto, tgl`cãk hd su trgsiokho, y hd fg f g dhuegecõk sdxugf, lcslg qud dk Lãxceo ds luy lgfg. Xgl`cãk erdgr eokecdkecg, y qud ffgs gs pdrsokgs g`rgk uk poeo su ldktd, y ko fo vdgk hdshd uk pukto rdfcmcoso y prcvcfdmcgho, sc kko o hdshd uk pukto dlpçtceo d bulgkctgrco.

 

^çmckg 8 hd 09

 

^fgktdglcdkto Hd geudrho eok fg Ormgkczgecõk Lukhcgf hd fg f g Ugfuh (OLU), uk g`orto cksdmuro o pdfcmroso ds ukg cktdrvdkecõk hdstckghg g pokdr ick g uk dl`grgzo prgetceghg por ukg pdrsokg egrdktd hd fg egpgectgecõk kdedsgrcg, eugkho sd rdgfczg dk uk dktorko qud ko eulpfd eok fgs hd korlgs lãhcegs o `cdk eugkho sd eol`ckgk ecreukstgkecgs. Hdktro fg egtdmorìg hdlìkclgs, g`orto cksdmuro o pdfcmroso, fg OLU gl`gs ckefuyd fgs su`egtdmorìgs hd g`orto ‖ldkos sdmuro“ y ‖kghg sdmuro“, eok fo qud sd pdrlctd uk gkçfcscs lgtczgho hd fgs hcidrdktds ecreukstgkecgs dk fgs qud oeurrdk dstos proedhclcdktos. Df ‖g`orto ldkos sdmuro“ sd rdicdrd g uk proedhclcdkto prgetcegho por uk proidscokgf egfcicegho pdro qud ko utcfczõ uk lãtoho rdeoldkhgh rd eoldkhgho, o, o `cdk por ukg pdrsokg ko egfciceghg qud utcfczõ uk lãtoho rdeoldkhgho. Fos ‖g`ortos kghg sdmuros“ sok gqudffos rdgfczghos por pdrsokgs ko egfciceghgs eok lãtohos pdfcmrosos.

Dk dstd proydeto fddrdlos uk poeo hd fo qud dsto scmkciceg, y hd fgs eoksdeudkecgs qud tcdkd su cfdmgfchgh.

 

^çmckg 4 hd 09

 

Erctdrcos Ldtohofõmceos  Df proedso hd dfg`orgecõk hd dstd proydeto iud ffg`orcoso, g`orcoso, iud hciìecf dkeoktrgr ckiorlgecõk ‖pro“ o g igvor, ko sofo por p or fg hdsckiorlgecõk, sc ko tgl`cãk tgl`c ãk por fg edksurg. Fos lãtohos qud utcfced iudrok vgrcos, Gfmukos hd dff dffos os sok1 • Eugfctgtcvo • Eugktctgtcvo • Hdhuetcvo. 

 

^çmckg 9 hd 09

 

Lgreo tdõrceo  Fos tdlgs g trgtgr sok vgrcos, eolcdkzg hdshd fos rcdsmos hd uk g`orto lgf prgetcegho, y dk df eglcko kos hced hc ed uk poeo hd eolo df efgscslo y fos prcvcfdmcos tolgk ukg poscecõk clportgktd dk dsto, ckefuso toeg tdlgs hdfceghos y kos hdludstrg luebos hgtos gfgrlgktds y qud hd`drìgk gidetgrkos o prdoeupgrkos eolo soecdhgh. Dk rdsuldk kos bg`fg hd toho fo qud bgy hdtrçs hd fg efgkhdstckchgh, pdro ko cktdktg rdeoldkhgr df g`orto, yg qud ko ds uk proedso idfcz o dspdecgf, df g`orto ds vcsto eolo ukg opecõk sofgldktd. Df Idlckcslo tcdkd luebo qud vdr dk ãstd tdlg, y ds clportgktd eokoedr eokedptos `çsceos qud sc ko sok propcos hdf Idlckcslo sd fd gsdldjgk luebo, tgfds eõlo1 • Eoscicegecõk: Fg eoscicegecõk sdxugf cktdrpdrsokgf ds fg rdhueecõk hd ukg lujdr luj dr g su eudrpo o pgrtds hd ãstd. • Udxcslo: Ds ukg pgfg`rg qud ko o`stgktd sus hcvdrsgs hdickcecokds sd ukcicegk dk uk lcslo sdktcho: hcserclckgecõk por rgzokds hd sdxo. • Hcserclckgecõk Ckhcrdetg: Tkg fdy, ukg pofìtceg o ukg prçetceg qud gpgrdkt gpgrdktdldktd dldktd ds kdutrg, pudhd tdkdr uk clpgeto hdsproporecokghgldkt hdsproporecokghgldktdd ghvdrso so`rd fos lcdl`ros hd uko u otro sdxo. • Ckvcsc`cfczgecõk (hd fg lujdr): Ds uk eokedpto luy utcfczgho dk ecdkecgs soecgfds pgr hdscmkgr uk eokjukto hd ldegkcslos eufturgfds qud ffdvgk g olctcr fg prdsdkecg hd hdtdrlckgho mrupo soecgf.

 

^çmckg = hd 09

 

O`jdtcvos  Df o fos o`jdtcvos o `jdtcvos hd dstg ckvdstcmgecõk ds hgr g eokoedr fg ckiorlgecõk, eokecdktczgr y pokdr gf tgkto g fgs pdrsokgs. Ds uk tdlg clportgktd, qud hd`d sdr trgtgho, pdro sck ghoetrckgr, yg qud dstgrìglos egydkho dk df lcslo scstdlg. Tkg pro`fdlçtceg gsì ko sd sofuecokgrç eok uk proydeto, pdro sd `useo prolovdr dstg ckiorlgecõk, eolo yg gktds ldkecokã.

 

^çmckg 2 hd 09

 

Bcpõtdscs Fg rdfcmcõk y fg lorgf

Df hd`gtd so`rd df g`orto ds uk hd`gtd hd ìkhofd lorgf y ko rdfcmcosg, o gf ldkos Hd`drìg scdlprd sdrfo. Ud trgtg hd ukg hcseuscõk lorgf ecdrtgldktd eolpfdjg, por fo qud dstoy sdmurg dffg ko rdqucdrd sdr eolpfceghg ghcecokgfldkt ghcecokgfldktdd eok lgkcidstgecokds rdfcmcosgs, g vdeds prdsdktghgs dkeu`cdrtgldktd dkeu`cdrtgldktd eolo grmuldktos lorgfds. ^or supudsto qud fg rdfcmcõk y fg lorgf sok hos eosgs luy hcidrdktds, gukqud fg tdktgecõk hd eokiukhcrfgs sd potdkecg por fg dxcstdkecg hd lorgfds rdfcmcosgs, pdro fg rdfcmcõk dxcmd id, lcdktrgs qud fg lorgf dxcmd grmuldktos. Fo `çsceo hd ukg rdfcmcõk eokscstd dk fg id dk fg dxcstdkecg hd uk Hcos eok hdtdrlckghos gtrc`utos y dxcmdkecgs. Uc ustdh erdd dk dsd Hcos, y erdd qud g Hcos fo oidkhd, o fo dktrcstded, qud sd ffdvd g eg`o uk geto hdtdrlckgho, dktokeds dsd geto ds uk pdegho, y ustdh ko hd`d ffdvgrfo g eg`o, o hd`d grrdpdktcrsd sc fo ffdvõ g eg`o porqud erdd qud sdrç egstcmgho sc ko fo bged. ^dro ds clportgktd prdmuktgrsd gquì sc dxcstd tgl`cãk gfmúk grmuldkto g rmuldkto dk eoktrg hdf geto dk eudstcõk, gfmukg rgzõk pgrg ko ffdvgrfo ff dvgrfo g eg`o, qud sdg ckhdpdkhcdktd hd oidkhdr o dktrcstdedr g Hcos. Uc ko dxcstd dsg rgzõk, dktokeds dsd geto pohrç sdr uk pdegho, pdro ko ds cklorgf. Eoldr egrkd vgeukg hurgktd fg Udlgkg Ugktg o ko gscstcr g lcsg dk hìgs hd mugrhgr, sok ecdrtgldktd pdeghos pgrg fg rdfcmcõk egtõfceg, pdro sdrìg hciìecf eokvdkedr g gfmucdk hd qud sd trgtg hd getos Cklorgfds (hd`drìg ckefuso sdr hciìecf eokvdkedr g uk egtõfceo hd dffo). ¿^or quã dstoy cktdrdsghg dk qud dxcstg geudrho gedreg hd dstd d std pukto? ^orqud, Eolo bd hcebo, df hd`gtd so`rd df g`orto cktdrdsg gf çl`cto hdf hdrdebo, y lcdktrgs Df hdrdebo hd`d sdr egpgz hd soportgr df dserutckco hd fg lorgf, ko tcdkd por quã Udr egpgz hd soportgr df dserutckco hd fg rdfcmcõk. Fgs soecdhghds oeechdktgf oeechdktgfds ds gf ldkos ko sok tdoergecgs, sc ko hdloergecgs. Dstd pukto vcstg ldrdedr ghbdscõk ukçkcld, pdro por ecdrto Ko Df scdlprd bg hd scho gsì pgrdedrìg dk df pgsgho, kc fo ukg ds gborg. Dk su dkeìefceg Bulgkul Mdkus dktokeds pgpg Fdõk RCCC hcjo qud uk Hcos erdghor y mo`drkghor hdf lukho, Tkg fdy dtdrkg qud lgkhg eoksdrvgr df orhdk kgturgf y uk ick úftclo hdf bol`rd Eofoegho lçs gffç hd dstg vchg trgksctorcg, ‖sok fgs iudktds y fos prckecpcos Hd tohg lorgf y  justcecg. Uc sd suprcldk fg ecdkecg lorgf y df hdr hdrdebo debo qudhgk H Hdstctuchos dstctuchos hd tohg lorgf y hd tohg justcecg“. Df ^gpg dstg`g hcecdkho gquì hos Eosgs: g) qud sck Hcos y sck rdfcmcõk ko bgy lorgf (hgho qud eokschdrg`g dstos Gspdetos eolo hdickcecokgfds, hd gffì sd scmud qud fos gtdos sok eokschdrghos dk fg Dkeìefceg eolo gkgfìtcegldktd cklorgfds1 `) qud sck rdfcmcõk ko bgy hdrdebo justo. Fg dkeìefceg sostcdkd qud fg rdfcmcõk pudhd ckechcr hd hos lgkdrgs dk df hdrdebo.

 

^çmckg 3 hd 09

 

Hcrdetgldktd, o ckhcrdetgldktd, g trgvãs hd fg lorgf. Dk otrgs pgfg`rgs, df pgpg Fdõk RCCC propokìg ukg tdoergecg. Eok ãf ko bg`rìg bg`cho geudrho (y ko sofo rdspdeto hd dstd pukto). Ko kos dktuscgsldlos pdksgkho qud sd trgtg gquì hd uk pdksglcdkto propco Hdf scmfo RCR1 ckhdpdkhcdkt ckhdpdkhcdktdldktd dldktd hdf tdlg hdf pohdr tdlporgf hdf pgpgho, euyo Pdstg`fdeclcdkto kghcd sd gtrdvdrìg g trdvdrìg gborg g sumdrcr, luebgs hd fgs gicrlgecokds hd Fg dkeìefceg sok tohgvìg eolpgrtchgs dk df scmfo RRC. ^dro irdktd g pdrsokgs lçs Lohdrghgs, pohdlos po hdlos fdmìtclgldktd prdmuktgr: ¿quã gftdrkgtcvg qudhg hcspokc`fd Dktokeds Uus pgrgerddkecgs gqudffgs pdrsokgs grmuldktos qud rdspgfhdk rdfcmcosgs,qud qudkokopudhdk pudhdkdkeoktrgr dk otrgs pgfg`rgs eokvdrtcr su id rdfcmcosg Pdspdeto hd uk tdlg hdtdrlckgho hdtdrlck gho dk grmuldktos lorgfds? ^udhdk lgktdkdr su id, Ecdrtgldktd, dk fo qud sd rdicdrd g sus propcgs geecokds, y geoksdjgr g otrgs pdrsokgs ^grg qud proedhgk hd loho sdldjgktd, sdg gscstcdkho g lcsg, sdg g`stdkcãkhosd hd Eoldr egrkd vgeukg dk hdtdrlckghos hìgs. Fo qud ko pudhdk bgedr ds prdtdkhdr pr dtdkhdr Wud fg eogeecõk hdf hdrdebo sd gpfcqud g gqudffos qud ko eolpgrtdk sus erddkecgs Pdfcmcosgs, eolo lostrgrã dksdmuchg. Fgs erddkecgs rdfcmcosgs pudhdk rdspgfhgr fgs prdidrdkecgs pdrsokgfds hd fos Ckhcvchuos, pdro ko sus prdidrdkecgs dxtdrkgs, y fg hcstckecõk dktrd gl`os tcpos Hd prdidrdkecgs, dfg`orghg por Hworack. Fgs ^rdidrdkecgs pdrsokgfds sok fgs prdidrdkecgs hdf ckhcvchuo rdspdeto hd su propco Hcsirutd hd gfmukos `cdkds u oportukchghds, lcdktrgs qud fgs prdidrdkecgs dxtdrkgs Uok fgs prdidrdkecgs hdf ckhcvchuo rdspdeto hd fg gscmkgecõk hd `cdkds y oportukchghds ^grg fos hdlçs. 7 So pudho prdidrcr sgfcr hd lc egsg usgkho sgeo y eor`gtg, y dstg ds Tkg prdidrdkecg pdrsokgf lìg, y pudho tgl`cãk prdidrcr qud tohos fos hdlçs h dlçs bol`rds Bgmgk fo lcslo, pdro dstg dk egl`co ds ukg prdidrdkecg prd idrdkecg dxtdrkg. Lcdktrgs rdspdtgr fgs prdidrdkecgs pdrsokgfds hd fos ckhcvchuos clprdscokg eolo Tkg pofìtceg eorrdetg, rdspdtgr sus prdidrdkecgs dxtdrkgs pudhd rdsuftgr pdfcmroso. Tk kgzc, por djdlpfo, pudhd tdkdr fg prdidrdkecg dxtdrkg hd qud fos grcos tdkmgk Lçs prdidrdkecgs sgtcsidebgs y fos juhìos ldkos, sclpfdldktd por sdr fo qud sok. 0 Ldkos hrglçtcegldktd, ukg lckorìg hd grmdktckos sd opuso tdkgzldktd g fg Ugkecõk hd ukg fdy hd hcvoreco hc voreco so`rd fg `gsd hd sus prdidrdkecgs dxtdrkgs rdspdeto Hd fos lgtrclokcos gjdkos. Tkg pdrsokg hd`d sdr rdspdtghg dk df djdrececo djd receco hd su prdidrdkecg rdfcmcosg ^drsokgf gedreg hdf g`orto: sc ko qucdrd g`ortgr, ko pudhd sdr o`fcmghg g bgedrfo, y Uc ko qucdrd prgetcegr uk g`orto, hdktro hd ecdrtos fìlctds, su o`jdecõk hd eokecdkecg Xgl`cãk hd`d sdr rdspdtghg. Fo qud ko rdsuftg ghlcsc`fd ds qud su prdidrdkecg Pdfcmcosg dxtdrkg gedreg hd fg iorlg dk fg eugf fos hdlçs ckhcvchuos hd`drìgk Eolportgrsd rdspdeto hdf g`orto sdg rdspgfhghg por df orhdkglcdkto jurìhceo. Lc prcldr pukto, dktokeds, ds uk gfdmgto g igvor hd fg grmuldktgecõk lorgf y Dk eoktrg hdf homlgtcslo rdfcmcoso.

 

^çmckg 7> hd 09

 

Uckmufgr y pfurgf  

Fg hcseuscõk gedreg hd dstd tdlg sudfd pfgktdgrsd dk sckmufgr, eolo ukg Hcseuscõk gedreg hd df g`orto, pdro qucdk proedhd gsì rdvdfg, g lc juceco, luy poeo Hcsedrkclcdkto lorgf y luy poeg soicstcegecõk lorgf. Df hd`gtd hd`d pfgktdgrsd Dk pfurgf, pudsto qud ds dk dideto uk hd`gtd so`rd g`ortos. Eokschdrdlos df egso hd Jugkg, hd trdcktg g÷os hd dhgh y sctugecõk deokõlceg Bofmghg, qud hdechd g`ortgr dk df sãptclo lds hd su dl`grgzo pgrg ko pdrtur`gr Uu tdlporghg hd dsquì. Eolpgrãlosfo gborg eok df egso hd Fucsg, hd hoed g÷os g ÷os y Dk sctugecõk hd po`rdzg, qud hdechd g`ortgr dk su sdmukho lds hd dl`grgzo, qud Ds df rdsuftgho hd bg`dr scho vcofghg por su pghrgstro. ¿Eõlo pohrìglos dlctcr df Lcslo Lc slo juceco lorgf rdspdeto hd Jugkg y hd Fucsg? Df hd`gtd so`rd df g`orto hd`d dvctgr fos dxtrdlos. ^rdtdkhdr qud sd rdprclg Df uso hd fg pìfhorg hdf hìg hdspuãs ko pudhd sustdktgrsd dk uk grmuldkto lorgf Eokvckedktd. Dk df otro dxtrdlo, df g`orto g rdqudrclcdkto dk eugfqucdr lds hdf Dl`grgzo pudhd sdr o`jdtgho eok grmuldktos lorgfds rgzokg`fds. Udg por fg vìg Juhcecgf, ckvoegkho hdrdebos eokstctuecokgfds, sdg por fg vìg fdmgf, df g`orto hd`d Udr o`jdto hd hcseuscokds y hd eolprolcsos1 dk gfmúk fumgr edregko gf ldhco hdf sdmldkto, ds pro`g`fd Wud dkeudktrdk uk pukto hd geudrho. Dxcstdk mrupos dxtrdlcstgs dk df sdmldkto qud hd`dk sdr gtrgìhos mrghugfldktd Gf ldhco hdf lcslo: fos iukhgldktgfcstgs rdfcmcosos y fgs idlckcstgs rghcegfds. Fos prcldros eoktãekcegs df hdstcko fos dl`rcokds eokmdfghos y lgfmgstgk Pdeursossd dktorturgk gtgegr fgs hd hd idrtcfczgecõk gscstchg. Fgs sdmukhgs eokschdrgk ukg oidksg eugfqucdr propudstg qud ko eoktdlpfd df g`orto hd lgkdrg crrdstrcetg. Gl`os mrupos eoldtdk eoldtdk df lcslo drror: eoktdlpfgk ddff g`orto dk .Dktdkhdr df g`orto hd ukg lgkdrg pfurgf clpfceg egl`cgr df tdlg hd fg hcseuscõk, qud hdjg hd sdr g toho o kghg. Uc dxcstdk hcstcktos tcpos hd g`orto pudhd bg`dr hcstcktos jucecos lorgfds gedreg hd fos lcslos, y eoksdeudktdldktd hcstcktgs sofuecokds fdmgfds pgrg dffos. Dktdkhdr df g`orto dk pfurgf, dktokeds, ds dstgr hcspudsto g gproxclgrsd gf edktro hdf sdmldkto. Lc tdredr pukto, dktokeds, ds uk gfdmgto g igvor hd fg soicstcegecõk grmuldktgtcvg y dk eoktrg hdf sclpfcslo lorgf.

 

^çmckg 77 hd 09

 

Df ckceco y vgfor hd fg vchg

Dk fgs hcseuscokds so`rd df g`orto sudfd pdrhdrsd df tcdlpo dxglckgkho euçkho Eolcdkzg fg vchg bulgkg. Ko eokozeo g kghcd, hd kckmukg poscecõk, qud eudstcokd Wud fg vchg eolcdkzg eok fg eokedpecõk1 dst dstdd ds uk pukto hd geudrho qud yg dstç Eoksdmucho. ^dro qud fg vchg eolcdkzg eok fg eokedpecõk ko scmkciceg qud df g`orto g`or to Hd`g dstgr scdlprd probc`cho, pr obc`cho, eolo ckicdrdk gutolçtcegldktd fos probc`cecokcstgs, S dstd ds uk pukto qud tohgvìg rdqucdrd geudrho. g eudrho.  Kghcd tcdkd uk hdrdebo g`sofuto g fg vchg1 vc hg1 sc gfmucdk prdtdkhcdrg eokedhdrfd dstd Hdrdebo gf idto, fd dstgrìg gscmkgkho lorgfldktd uk stgtus supdrcor gf hd uk ghufto Korlgf. Ko pudhd dxcstcr uk hdrdebo g`sofuto g fg vchg sdkecffgldktd porqud dsd Hdrdebo pudhd dktrgr dk eokifceto eok df hdrdebo g fg vchg hd gfmukg otrg pdrsokg. Dk df egso qud lçs kos cktdrdsg, fg prdsdkecg hdf idto pudhd provoegr fg ludrtd hd Fg lghrd, hd hokhd ckscstcr dk df hdrdebo g`sofuto hdf prcldro clpfceg hdshd÷gr df Hdrdebo hd fg sdmukhg. Fo qud clportg, c lportg, dktoke dktokeds, ds, ds dstg`fdedr gfmúk scstdlg qud Kos pdrlctg didetugr eçfeufos dk egsos hd eokifceto.  Luebgs vdeds dsos eçfeufos ko sok hciìecfds hd eoked`cr. Eugkho sd trgtg hd Xrgspfgktds hd õrmgkos, por djdlpfo, sd dlpfdg uk eçfeufo idfceìiceo dk `gsd g fg Dhgh hdf pgecdktd y g sus otrgs hofdkecgs, hof dkecgs, fo qud pdrlctd egfeufgr hd quã lgkdrg y ^or euçkto tcdlpo pohrç hcspokdr y hcsirutgr hd dsd õrmgko õrm gko dsegso. Uc fg vchg hdf Idto eofcscokg eok fg vchg hd fg lghrd, df eçfeufo fo ffdvgk g eg`o df pghrd y fg lghrd, S sdmurgldktd sd trgtgrç tgl`cãk hd uk eçfeufo idfceìiceo qud ckvofuergrç g gl`os. ^dro bgy gfmo hd dspdecgf cktdrãs dk df hdsgrroffo hd fg vchg idtgf qud ds kdedsgrco ^okdr hd lgkcicdsto: fg vchg hdf idto pgrded guldktgr hd vgfor g fo fgrmo hdf Dl`grgzo, y dstg egrgetdrìstceg ko ds eolpfceghg hd lostrgr. Tkg lghrd pudhd sdktcr hofor gktd fg pãrhchg pã rhchg hd uk dl`grgzo hd uk lds, y usugfldktd fo sdktcrç. ^dro sc dffg pudhd qudhgr kudvgldktd dl`grgzghg, ko hd`drìg eokvdrtcr fg pãrhchg dk ukg trgmdhcg1 sc fo bged, sck huhg tcdkd gfmúk pro`fdlg sceofõmceo qud posc`fdldktd rdqucdrg gyuhg proidscokgf. Df hofor por fg pãrhchg hd uk dl`grgzo hd scdtd ldsds ds ckhuhg`fdldktd lgyor, y g vdeds pudhd gproxclgrsd g ukg trgmdhcg. Dk sdcs ldsds hd dspdrg y dxpdetgtcvg, fg vchg hdf idto guldktõ hd vgfor. Dstg ds fg chdg qud sumcdrd Pokgfh Hworack, qucdk grmuldktg dk tãrlckos hd fgs gl`cecokds y dxpdetgtcvgs ckvofuerghgs, fos pfgkds pfgkds y proydetos qud sd cclgmckgrok, lgmckgrok, df glor, df cktdrãs y df ckvofuerglcdkto dloecokgf dk judmo.8 Df vgfor hd fg vchg hdf idto, por otrg pgrtd, tgl`cãk dstç rdfgecokgho eok fg dvofuecõk hd su hdsgrroffo `cofõmceo g fo fgrmo hdf dl`grgzo.

 

^çmckg 70 hd 09

 

Df g`orto eolo uk `cdk soecgf Df g`orto dk Lãxceo

‖Hced luebo so`rd kudstrg soecdhgh df qud df hd`gtd so`rd df g`orto, so`rd su

hdspdkgfczgecõk y Uu rdgfczgecõk tãrlckosdksgkctgrcgldktd ghdeughos, sd bgyg hdsvcgho korlgfldktd bgecg ukgdk hcseuscõk torko g prckecpcos lorgfds g`strgetos, Gfdjghos hd fg rdgfchgh eotchcgkg hd fos f os sdrds bulgkos eokerdtos, y luy dk dspdecgf hd fg rdgfchgh Eotchcgkg hd fgs lujdrds. Ud ckvoegk erctdrcos lorgfds y jurìhceos lcdktrgs fgs lujdrds hd egrkd y Budso, fgs vchgs rdgfds hd dsgs lujdrds eokerdtgs, ^gsgk gf sdmukho pfgko hd fg gkãehotg“  Df g`orto prgetcegho dk eokhcecokds cksdmurgs ds uk pro`fdlg soecgf y hd sgfuh pú`fceg hd mrgk clportgkecg dk Lãxceo. Fg Ormgkczgecõk Lukhcgf hd fg Ugfuh (OLU) hdickd df g`orto Cksdmuro eolo uk proedhclcdkto pgrg cktdrrulpcr uk dl`grgzo ko hdsdgho, prgetcegho por pdrsokgs sck egpgectgecõk o Dxpdrcdkecg, o dk uk gl`cdktd qud egrded hd fos dstçkhgrds Lãhceos lìkclos (]orfh Bdgftb Ormgkczgtcok, 7330). Df tdlg hdf g`orto mdkdrg clportgktds eoktrovdrscgs hd`cho G qud ckvofuerg gspdetos rdfgecokghos eok fos hdrdebos bulgkos, sdxugfds y rdprohuetcvos r dprohuetcvos hd fgs lujdrds1 eok fgs fdyds S fg pofìtceg1 eok fos vgfords ãtceos, lorgfds y rdfcmcosos1 eok Fgs eokhcecokds soecodeokõlcegs hd fgs lujdrds1 y eok fgs Chdgs qud prdholckgk dk kudstro eoktdxto eufturgf rdspdeto G fg idlckchgh y fg lgtdrkchgh.

 

^çmckg 75 hd 09

 

Df lgreo fdmgf hdf g`orto

Df g`orto dk Lãxceo dstç pdkgfczgho. Uck dl`grmo, fos eõhcmos pdkgfds hd fos dstghos eoktdlpfgk ecreukstgkecgs ecreukstgkecgs `gjo ffgs gs eugfds fg cktdrrupecõk hdf dl`grgzo ko ds pukc`fd y tohos fo Gutorczgk dk egsos hd vcofgecõk (eughro 7). G pdsgr hd fg dxcstdkecg hd dstd lgreo jurìhceo df Geedso hd fgs lujdrds gf g`orto sdmuro dstç lgreghgldktd rdstrckmcho gúk `gjo fgs ecreukstgkecgs prdvcstgs dk fg fdmcsfgecõk1 lgyorìg hd fos eõhcmos pdkgfds dstgtgfds egrdedk hd fos Ckstruldktos korlgtcvosfg ghdeughos pgrg hgr eulpfclcdkto g fgs fdyds y fos bospctgfds pú`fceos eok egpgechgh pgrg gtdkhdr egsos hd g`orto fdmgf sok luy poeos dk df pgìs. Ecreukstgkecgs

Kúldro hd dstgho

Ycofgecõk

50

Pcdsmo pgrg fg vchg hd fg lujdr/ pdrsokg mdstgktd G`orto clpruhdkecgf

0=

Lgfiorlgecokds eokmãkctgs o mdkãtcegs m dkãtcegs Pcdsmo pgrg fg sgfuh hd fg lujdr/ p. mdstgktd Cksdlckgecõk grtcicecgf ko eoksdktchg Pgzokds soecodeokõlcegs mrgvds

03 75 3 2 7

Hghgs fgs rdstrceecokds pgrg fg prçetceg hdf g`orto qud dxcstdk dxc stdk dk tohg fg Pdpú`fceg Ldxcegkg, Fg mrgk lgyorìg hd fgs lujdrds qud hdechdk cktdrrulpcr c ktdrrulpcr df dl`grgzo fo bgedk gf lgrmdk hd Fgs fdyds. f dyds. Luebos g`ortos sd prgetcegk dk eokhcecokds hd cksdmurchgh, fo qud propcecg ukg gftg ckechdkecg hd eolpfcegecokds y uk kúldro hdseokoecho hd ludrtds prdlgturgs qud pohrìgk dvctgrsd. Fgs rdstrceecokds fdmgfds ko clpchdk qud uk dfdvgho hd lujdrds hd fos sdetords soecgfds po`rds utcfced proedhclcdktos pdfcmrosos pgrg gutockhuecr fg cktdrrupecõk hdf dl`grgzo, o qud Pdeurrgk, luebgs vdeds dk iorlg tgrhìg, g prgetcegktds ko egfciceghos qud rdgfczgk g`ortos Eok ckstruldkt ckstruldktos os eoktglckghos. Fg gldkgzg hd ffgg sgkecõk pdkgf tglpoeo dvctg qud df g`orto sd prgetcqud dk kuldrosos eoksuftorcos y efìkcegs prcvghgs, kc qud pgrg luebos(gs) proidscokgfds hd fg ldhceckg rdprdsdktd uk kdmoeco qud mdkdrg clportgktds mgkgkecgs.

 

^çmckg 78 hd 09

 

Fg sctugecõk hdf g`orto rdifdjg eok mrgk efgrchgh fgs eokhcecokds hd hdscmugfhgh soecgf y hd ckjustcecg qud prdvgfdedk dk df pgìs. Uok rdfgtcvgldktd poegs fgs lujdrds Wud tcdkdk geedso g sdrvcecos lãhcegldktd sdmuros pgrg cktdrrulpcr uk dl`grgzo ko hdsdgho, yg qud sus eostos sok dk mdkdrgf dfdvghos y dstçk iudrg hdf gfegked hd fg lgyorìg (Mrupo hd Ckiorlgecõk dk Pdprohue Pdprohueecõk ecõk Dfdmchg, 0>>>)

Df dl`grgzo ko hdsdgho

G pdsgr hd qud dk fg getugfchgh dxcstd ukg mrgk vgrcdhgh hd lãtohos pgrg ddff eoktrof hd fg idrtcfchgh, df dl`grgzo ko hdsdgho y df g`orto sok pro`fdlgs g ffos os qud Eotchcgkgldktd sd dkirdktg ukg mrgk egktchgh hd lujdrds hd tohgs fgs dhghds y Hd tohos fos sdetords soecgfds. Hd geudrho eok ukg dstclgecõk rdgfczghg dk fos G÷os 3>, df 8>% hd fos dl`grgzos dk Lãxceo sok ko hdsdghos, dstclçkhosd qud Df 7=% tdrlckgk dk g`ortos ckhuechos y df 05% rdstgktd dk kgeclcdktos ko hdsdghos (Xbd Gfgk Muttlgebdr Ckstctutd, 7338). ^grg luebgs hd fgs lujdrds qud sd dkirdktgk g uk dl`grgzo ko hdsdgho, fg lgtdrkchgh rdprdsdktg ukg dxpdrcdkecg clpudstg por fos pgtrokds eufturgfds qud prdvgfdedk dk kudstrg soecdhgh. Dstuhcos rdgfczghos dk otros eoktdxtos ckhcegk qud fg Lgtdrkchgh ko hdsdghg tcdkd clportgktds eostos soecgfds y psceofõmceos pgrg fgs Lujdrds y pgrg fos kc÷os kc ÷os y kc÷gs qud kgedk dk dstgs eokhcecokds. Eolo sd÷gfgk g gfmukos hd fos gutords qud sd bgk oeupgho hd dstuhcgr dstg pro`fdlçtceg: ‖… uk dl`grgzo ko hdsdgho, qud sd hdickd eolo uk rdebgzo  Getcvo y rgzokgho hd fg eokedpecõk hurgktd fgs prcldrgs prc ldrgs sdlgkgs hd mdstgecõk, tcdkd eolo eoksdeudkecg uk lgf hdsgrroffo dk fg f g kc÷dz y ukg mrgk egktchgh hd hciceuftghds y pro`fdlgs qud dlpdorgk dk fg ghofdsedkecg y dk fg prcldrg dhgh Ghuftg, dk eolpgrgecõk eok df hdsgrroffo soecgf hd fos bcjos hdsdghos“ (Hgvch y eofs., 7337). 

Fgs dxpfcegecokds so`rd fg dfdvghg irdeudkecg hd fos dl`grgzos ko hdsdghos sudfdk sdr `gstgktd sclpfcstgs. Dk mdkdrgf sd supokd qud fg lgyorìg sd hd`dk g fg igftg hd rdspoksg`cfchgh hd fgs lujdrds, o `cdk g qud egrdedk hd ckiorlgecõk pgrg Ttcfczgr eorrdetgldktd fos lãtohos gktceokedptcvos. Ds ecdrto qud df geedso g fg ckiorlgecõk pdrlctd uk djdrececo lçs rdspoksg`fd hd fg sdxugfchgh y hcslckuyd hc slckuyd hd Lgkdrg clportgktd df rcdsmo hd uk dl`grgzo d l`grgzo ko hdsdgho1 ko o`stgktd, df bdebo Hd qud fgs lujdrds eudktdk eok ckiorlgecõk ko ds suicecdktd dk tohos fos egsos, Sg qud eugfqucdrg hd fos lãtohos gktceokedptcvos qud dxcstdk dk fg getugfchgh, Gúk eugkho sd usd eorrdetgldktd, pudhd igffgr. ^or otro fgho, fg rdspoksg`cfchgh rd spoksg`cfchgh hd dvctgr Dl`grgzos qud ko sd hdsdgk hd`drìg eolpgrtcrsd hd lgkdrg dquctgtcvg eok fos bol`rds, Gf ldkos eugkho fgs lujdrds tcdkdk ukg pgrdjg dstg`fd. Fg iorlg dk qud opdrgk fos promrglgs hd pfgkcicegecõk iglcfcgr qud utcfczg fg lgyor pgrtd Hd fg po`fgecõk ds uko hd fos dfdldktos qud dxpfcegk fg gftg ckechdkecg c kechdkecg hd fos dl`grgzos Ko hdsdghos. Fos promrglgs sd hcrcmdk prclorhcgfldktd g fgs lujdrds hd fos sdetords soecgfds popufgrds, eok ldksgjds gpoyghos dk ukg pdrspdetcvg qud rdiudrzg sus rofds soecgfds Lçs trghcecokgfds y eoktrc`uyd g qud poeos bol`rds gsulgk su rdspoksg`cfchgh irdktd g fg Udxugfchgh y fg rdprohueecõk. rdp rohueecõk. Dk luebos sdrvcecos fg vgrcdhgh hd lãtohos gktceokedptcvo gktceokedptcvoss  

^çmckg 74 hd 09

 

Ds fclctghg y ds eolúk qud df pdrsokgf egrdzeg hd fg egpgectgecõk o hdf tcdlpo kdedsgrco ^grg oirdedr g fgs usugrcgs ckiorlgecõk eolpfdtg y geedsc`fd so`rd fos lãtohos qud sd prdserc`dk, ckefuydkho gspdeto gspdetoss rdfgecokghos eok su didetcvchgh, sdmurchgh y didetos sdeukhgrcos. Eok irdeudkecg irdeudkecg sd hg poeg clportgkecg g fgs kdedschghds ckhcvchugfds hd fgs lujdrds y Gf eoktdxto soecodeokõlceo y eufturgf dk df qud vcvdk, y sd hg prcorchgh g fgs ldtgs hd egptgecõk hd usugrcgs hdickchgs dk fos kcvdfds edktrgfds hd fgs ckstctuecokds hd sgfuh. Dk luebgs Oegscokds, dstgs egrdkecgs hd egfchgh hd fos sdrvcecos provoegk qud fgs lujdrds sd kcdmudk G gedptgr uk hdtdrlckgho lãtoho o ckhuedk gf g`gkhoko hdf qud yg utcfczg`gk. Eg`d tgl`cãk sd÷gfgr qud df geedso g fos lãtohos gktceokedpt gktceokedptcvos cvos ko ds cmugf pgrg tohgs Fgs pdrsokgs. Ecdrtos kúefdos hd fg po`fgecõk idldkckg, eolo fgs ghofdsedktds, fgs lujdrds sck dseofgrchgh y gqudffgs qud vcvdk dk rdmcokds rurgfds gpgrtghgs o dk zokgs ckhìmdkgs tcdkdk lgyords hciceuftghds hd geedso g fg gktceokedpecõk. Hd geudrho eok hgtos hd 733=, g dsegfg kgecokgf df 92.4% hd fgs lujdrds ukchgs dk dhgh iãrtcf utcfczg`gk gfmúk lãtoho gktceokedptcvo, lcdktrgs qud dk fos mrupos hd lujdrds ldkecokghos fgs proporecokds drgk ckidrcords gf 4>% (Eoksdjo Kgecokgf hd ^o`fgecõk, 0>>>). Luebgs lujdrds ko usgk gktceokedptcvos por oposcecõk hd sus pgrdjgs. Fg hdscmugfhgh hd Fgs rdfgecokds hd pohdr dktrd fos sdxos qud prdvgfded dk kudstrg eufturg propcecg qud dk Luebos egsos fos bol`rds eoktrofdk fg sdxugfchgh hd fgs lujdrds g trgvãs hd fos dl`grgzos y fg ercgkzg hd fos bcjos. Ko ds rgro qud qu d fgs lujdrds qud ko hhdsdgk dsdgk tdkdr lçs bcjos oeuftdk df uso hd fg gktceokedpecõk por df tdlor g sdr gmrdhchgs vdr`gf o iìscegldktd por pgrtd hd sus pgrdjgs (Iokho hd ^o`fgecõk hd fgs Kgecokds Tkchgs, 0>>>). Otrg egusg hdf dl`grgzo ko hdsdgho ds fg f g utcfczgecõk hd fos lãtohos kgturgfds gutorczghos por fg Cmfdscg egtõfceg qud sok hd luy `gjg didetcvchgh. Ghdl Ghdlçs, çs, fgs lujdrds sd dl`grgzgk tgl`cãk por rdfgecokds sdxugfds ko pfgkdghgs o eolo eoksdeudkecg hd fg vcofdkecg Udxugf, dk uk eoktdxto hokhd fos lãtohos pgrg fg gktceokedpecõk hd dldrmdkecg sok tohgvìg poeo eokoechos, ckefuso por fos propcos proidscokgfds hd fg sgfuh.

 

^çmckg 79 hd 09

 

FG HCLDKUCÕK DLOECOKGF HDF DL@GPGZO KO HDUDGHO 

Luebgs lujdrds vcvdk sctugecokds hd mrgk eokifceto dloecokgf Eugkho sd dkirdktgk g uk dl`grgzo ko hdsdgho, propcecghgs por Fos pgtrokds eufturgfds qud fclctgk fc lctgk sus posc`cfchghds pgrg tolgr hdecscokds gutõkolgs dk torko g fg sdxugfchgh y fg rdprohueecõk. Tkg @udkg pgrtd hd fgs lujdrds qud hdechdk g`ortgr fo bgedk dk eokhcecokds sulgldktd hciìecfds, hciìecfds, dk tgkto sok o`jdto hd ffgg dstcmlgtczgecõk soecgf y sd pdrec`dk g sì lcslgs eolo trgksmrdsorgs hd vgfords Lorgfds y rdfcmcosos iudrtdldktd grrgcmghos dk fg soecdhgh ldxcegkg (Pcvgs & Gluebçstdmuc, 7332). Ds clportgktd sd÷gfgr, sck dl`grmo, qud fg cktdrrupecõk hd uk dl`grgzo ko hdsdgho ds ukg dxpdrcdkecg qud fgs lujdrds gsuldk hd Geudrho eok sus eokhcecokds ckhcvchugfds y eok df dktorko soecgf dk Df qud vcvdk. Fgs lujdrds cktdrrulpdk sus dl`grgzos por rgzokds Luy hcvdrsgs, y ko tohgs tcdkdk sdeudfgs dloecokgfds y sdktclcdktos hd eufpg hdspuãs hd uk g`orto. Luebgs sd scdktdk gfcvcghgs y Gmrghdechgs eugkho rdec`dk ukg gtdkecõk cktdmrgf, sdmurg y rdspdtuosg por pgrtd hd lãhceos(gs) qud prgetcegk g`ortos gpoyçkhosd gpoyçkhosd Dk ukg posturg ãtceg edktrghg dk df rdspdto g fg gutokolìg hd fgs Lujdrds. Lujd rds. Fg egrmg lorgf qud pgrg luebgs pdrsokgs supokd df g`orto ds eoksdeudkecg hd fos dstdrdotcpos eufturgfldktd eufturgfldktd gedptghos pgrg hdickcr fg Idlckchgh, gsì eolo hd fg vgforgecõk hd fg lgtdrkchgh eolo df gtrc`uto dsdkecgf hd fgs lujdrds. ^or otrg pgrtd, sc `cdk Lãxceo ds uk pgìs Hd trghcecõk fgceg, fg Cmfdscg egtõfceg bg jumgho scdlprd uk clportgktd pgpdf dk df eoktdxto pofìtceo hdf pgìs d ckifucho dk fg getctuh hd Udetords soecgfds luy glpfcos rdspdeto g fg sdxugfchgh y fg rdprohueecõk. Fg pdredpecõk hd fg gftg jdrgrquìg egtõfceg so`rd dstos gspdetos Ud trghued dk korlgs y prckecpcos prc kecpcos lorgfds rìmchos qud opdrgk eolo Tk pohdroso hcsposctcvo pgrg lgktdkdr fgs eokhcecokds hd su`orhckgecõk y hd hdscmugfhgh soecgf hd fgs lujdrds:

‖…dk fg eokedpecõk egtõfceg so`rd fg lgtdrkchgh, qud ds fg Wud prclg eufturgfldktd dk kudstro pgìs, ukg lghrd scdlprd hd`d gktdpokdr df bcjo g sus kdedschghds y hdsdos eolo pdrsokg. Gsì, df vgfor hd ukg lujdr rghceg tgkto dk su iukecõk hd rdecpcdktd qud tcdkd ukg kudvg vchg, eolo dk qud Eulpfg df d f clpdrgtcvo qud scl`ofczg fg idlckchgh: df eokjukto hd vcrtuhds hd g`kdmgecõk, gftrucslo y sgerciceco qud dxcmdk postdrmgrfo toho dk grgs hdf bcjo, hdf lgrcho, hd fg iglcfcg (…) poegs lujdrds sd gtrdvdk g hdecr g`cdrtgldktd g`cdrtgldktd qud bbgy gy oegscokds dk qud ko qucdrdk ssdr dr lghrds. Efgro qud gktd uk dl`grgzo ko hdsdgho, dxcstdk lujdrds qud ko sd rdscmkgk y rdeurrdk gf g`orto g `orto cfdmgf1 pdro gf ko eokedptugfczgr Fg lgtdrkchgh eolo dfdeecõk scko eolo hdstcko ‖kgturgf“, 

Ycvdk su dfdeecõk eok eufpg, sck gsulcrfg g`cdrtgldktd. ¿Wucãk vg g rdeokoedr ko sõfo bg`dr eoldtcho uk hdfcto o ^degho scko bg`drsd opudsto gf hdstcko su`fcld hd sdr lghrd lghr d?“ (Fglgs, 733=).   

^çmckg 7= hd 09

 

Fgs rdgeecokds dloecokgfds kdmgtcvgs postdrcords postdrcords g fg ccktdrrupecõk ktdrrupecõk hd uk dl`grgzo ko hdsdgho tcdkdk ukg rdfgecõk luy hcrdetg eok fg egfchgh hd fg gtdkecõk Wud oirdedk fos bospctgfds pú`fceos g fgs lujdrds qud `usegk gtdkecõk hd urmdkecg u rmdkecg por fgs eolpfcegecokds hd ukg cktdrvdkecõk rdgfczghg dk eokhcecokds cksdmurgs. Fg egfchgh tãekceg hd fg gtdkecõk vgrìg hd geudrho eok fos rdeursos hd fos Bospctgfds, pdro fg lgyorìg egrded hd pdrsokgf egpgectgho pgrg proporecokgr sdrvcecos cktdmrgfds hd gtdkecõk post-g`orto, qud gsdmurdk df sdmuclcdkto hd fgs Lujdrds, fds `rckhdk gpoyo dloecokgf, o fds oirdzegk ckiorlgecõk glpfcg y geedsc`fd pgrg dvctgr uk kudvo dl`grgzo ko hdsdgho. ^or otro fgho, ds irdeudktd qud fgs lujdrds hd qucdkds sd sospdebg qud sd ckhujdrok uk g`orto sdgk o`jdto hd fg ckhcidrdkecg o df lgftrgto por pgrtd hdf pdrsokgf hd fos sdrvcecos. Fgs getctuhds pukctcvgs qud gsuldk luebos(gs) hd fos(gs) ^roidscokgfds hd fg sgfuh irdktd g fgs lujdrds qud g`ortgk tcdkd qud vdr ko sofgldktd eok fos dstcmlgs so`rd fg cktdrrupecõk ck tdrrupecõk hdf dl`grgzo o eok su probc`cecõk Fdmgf. Df lgftrgto qud dk mdkdrgf rdec`dk fgs lujdrds dk fos bospctgfds pú`fceos Xcdkd tgl`cãk rdfgecõk eok gspdetos vckeufghos g fgs eokhcecokds hd su`orhckgecõk mdkãrceg hd fgs lujdrds, g fg prdegrcg sctugecõk soecgf hd gqudffgs qud suirdk Eolpfcegecokds eok lgyor irdeudkecg, y g fg hdscmugfhgh hd fgs rdfgecokds hd pohdr qud bg`ctugfldktd sd dstg`fdedk dktrd lãhceos(gs) y pgecdktds.

 

^çmckg 72 hd 09

 

DF G@OPXO EOLO ^PO@FDLG HD UGFTH ^Ú@FCEG Df eoktdxto cktdrkgecokgf:

Hd geudrho eok hgtos hd g OLU, pu`fceghos dk 733=, eghg g÷o sd prgetceg`gk Gfrdhdhor hd 4> lcffokds hd g`ortos dk df lukho1 hd ãstos, 0> lcffokds sd rdgfczg`gk dk eokhcecokds cksdmurgs y provoeg`gk fg ludrtd hd =2 lcf lujdrds. Egsc Fg totgfchgh hd fgs ludrtds gsoecghgs gf g`orto cksdmuro (33%) oeurrdk dk rdmcokds y pgìsds eok gftos kcvdfds hd po`rdzg y lgrmckgecõk soecgf. Dk fos f os pgìsds hdsgrroffghos df rcdsmo hd lorcr por eolpfcegecokds hdf g`orto cksdmuro ds hd 7 por Eghg 5,=>> proedhclcdktos, lcdktrgs qud dk fos hdf lukho dk hdsgrroffo df rcdsmo ds luebo lgyor, hd 7 por eghg 04> proedhclcdktos (^opufgtcok Pdports,733 Pdports,733=). =). ^grg df g÷o 0>>>, fg OLU egfeufõ qud g dsegfg cktdrkgecokgf sd rdgfczgrok Gf Gfrdhdhor rdhdhor hd 73 lcffokds hd g`ortos dk eokhcecokds cksdmurgs, hd fos Eugfds Eugf ds 72.4 lcffokds (3=.4%) oeurrcdrok dk pgìsds hdf lukho dk hdsgrroffo (Gb-Lgk (Gb -Lgk y Ubgb, 0>>0). DUXCLGECOKDU HD FG OLU UO@PD FG CKECHDKECG HDF G@OPXO CKUDMTPO DUXCLGECOKDU DK PDMCOKDU HDF LTKHO UDMÚK KCYDF HD HDUGPPOFFO, GFPDHDHOP HDF G×O 7334-0>>> Pdmcõk

Xotgff l ukhcgf Xotg

Kúldro hd g`ortos cksdmuros/g÷o (lcffokds) 73

Pdmcokds hdsgrroffghgs

4

Pdmcokds dk hdsgrroffo

72.4

 Gl ãr ãrce ceg g fgt ck ckg g y df egrc`d

5.=

 

^çmckg 73 hd 09

 

Dstgs clportgktds hcidrdkecgs dktrd rdmcokds y pgìsds o`dhdedk o`d hdedk g fg sctugecõk  jurìhceg hdf g`orto y g fg hcspo hcspokc`cfchgh kc`cfchgh hd sdrvce sdrvcecos cos hd sgfuh. Dk fos pgìsds hdsgrroffghfos fgs fdyds pdrlctdk df g`orto por rgzokds glpfcgs, y fgs lujdrds tcdkdk geedso g sdrvcecos hd sgfuh hokhd fg cktdrrupecõk c ktdrrupecõk hdf dl`grgzo sd rdgfczg dk iorlg Udmurg por pdrsokgf egpgectgho. Dk eoktrgstd, fg lgyorìg hd fos pgìsds dk hdsgrroffo tcdkdk fdmcsfgecokds rdstrcetcvgs qud pdrlctdk df g`orto sõfo dk gfmukgs ecreukstgkecgs, o fo probì`dk totgfldktd1 fos sdrvcecos eok egfchgh sok ckgeedsc`fds ^grg fg lgyor pgrtd hd fgs lujdrds, por fo qud fgs eolpfcegecokds hdf g`orto Cksdmuro sok irdeudktds y fg lortgfchgh qud oegscokgk sudfd sdr dfdvghg (Eooa,73371 Xbd Gfgk Muttlgebdr Ckstctutd, 73381 ^opufgtcok Pdports, 733=1 ]orfh Bdgftb Ormgkczgtcok, 733=1 Pgblgk y eofs., 7332). Df rcdsmo hd lorcr o hd suircr sdeudfgs iìscegs por uk g`orto ds scmkcicegtcvgldkt scmkcicegtcvgldktdd lgyor dktrd fgs lujdrds po`rds y eok hciceuftghds pgrg tdkdr geedso g sdrvcecos hd dldrmdkecg (Lgckd, 733=). Fg tdredrg pgrtd hd fgs lujdrds lujdrd s qud g`ortgk Dk eokhcecokds cksdmurgs suirdk eolpfcegecokds eolpfcegecokds sdrcgs, pdro ldkos hd fg lctgh Pdec`dk gtdkecõk lãhceg oportukg. Dk Glãrceg Fgtckg y Df Egrc`d sd rdgfczgk eghg g÷o gfrdhdhor hd 8 lcffokds hd g`ortos cksdmuros y ludrdk 4 lcf lujdrds1 sd Dstclg qud dk fg rdmcõk gfrdhdhor hd fg lctgh hd fgs ludrtds lgtdrkgs sd gsoecg gf g`orto cksdmuro (]orfh Bdgftb Ormgkczgtcok, 733=1 Iokho hd ^o`fgecõk Hd fgs Kgecokds Tkchgs, 0>>>1 Gblgk y Ubgb, 0>>0). Fg Eokidrdkecg Cktdrkgecokgf hd ^o`fgecõk y Hdsgrroffo (EC^H), guspcecghg por fg Ormgkczgecõk hd fgs Kgecokds Tkchgs y rdgfczghg rdgfczghg dk Df Egcro dk 7338, iud df pr prcldr cldr ioro hd gfegked lukhcgf dk df qud fg sgfuh y fos hdrdebos rrdprohuetcvos dprohuetcvos hd Fgs lujdrds oeupgrok uk fumgr edktrgf dk uk u k geudrho cktdrkgecokgf so`rd pro`fdlgs hd po`fgecõk (Mdrlgck y Aytd, 7334). Dk hcebo ioro sd fomrõ f omrõ uk eoksdkso sck prdedhdktds rdspdeto g fg clportgkecg soecgf y sgkctgrcg hdf g`orto rdgfczgho dk eokhcecokds cksdmurgs. Df ^romrglg hd Geecõk hd fg EC^H eokvoeõ g fos Mo`cdrkos pgrtcecpgktds g qud gsulcdrgk su rdspoksg`cfchgh irdktd gf pro`fdlg S prdecsõ p rdecsõ fgs geecokds qud hd`dk pokdrsd dk prçetceg dk fos sdrvcecos hd sgfuh: ‖… Ud ckstg g tohos fos mo`cdrkos y g ffgs gs ormgkczgecokds cktdrmu`drkgldktg cktdrmu`drkgldktgfds fds y ko mu`drkgldktgfds pdrtckdktds pdrtckdktds g ckerdldktgr su eolprolcso eok ffgg sgfuh hd fg lujdr, g oeupgrsd hd fos didetos qud dk fg f g sgfuh tcdkdk fos g`ortos rdgfczghos dk eokhcecokds ko ghdeughgs eolo uk clportgktd ^ro`fdlg hd sgfuh pú`fceg y g rdhuecr df rdeurso gf g`orto Ldhcgktd fg prdstgecõk hd lçs glpfcos y ldjords sdrvcecos Hd pfgkcicegecõk hd fg iglcfcg. Fgs lujdrds qud tcdkdk dl`grgzos ko hdsdghos hd`dk tdkdr içecf geedso g ckiorlgecõk Ichdhcmkg y g gsdsorglcdkto g sdsorglcdkto eolprdkscvo. Ud hd`d gscmkgr Ucdlprd lçxclg prcorchgh g fg f g prdvdkecõk hd fos dl`grgzos Ko hdsdghos y bg`rç qud bgedr toho fo posc`fd pgrg dfclckgr fg kdedschgh hdf g`orto (…) Dk fos egsos dk qud df g`orto ko ds eoktrgrco g fg fdy, fos g`ortos hd`dk rdgfczgrsd dk Eokhcecokds ghdeughgs. Dk tohos fos egsos, fgs lujdrds hd`dk tdkdr geedso g sdrvcecos hd egfchgh pgrg trgtgr fgs fg s eolpfcegecokds hdrcvghgs hdf g`orto. Ud hd`dk oirdedr eok proktctuh sdrvcecos hd pfgkcicegecõk hd fg iglcfcg, dhuegecõk y gsdsorglcdkto post g`orto qud gyuhdk tgl`cãk g dvctgr fg

rdpdtcecõk hd fos g`ortos" (Gsgl`fdg Mdkdrgf hd Kgecokds ukchgs , 7338) 73 38)

 

^çmckg 0> hd 09

 

Eckeo g÷os hdspuãs, dk fg prcldrg dvgfugecõk hdf ^romrglg hd Geecõk hd fg EC^H, fos mo`cdrkos pgrtcecpgktds, dktrd dffos df hd Lãxceo, rdgicrlgrok su eolprolcso hd ldjorgr fg gtdkecõk g fgs lujdrds eok eolpfcegecokds hdf g`orto y hd mgrgktczgr df geedso g sdrvcecos pgrg fg cktdrrupecõk hdf dl`grgzo dk fgs ecreukstgkecgs glpgrghgs por fgs fdyds: "Dk ecreukstgkecgs dk fgs qud df g`orto ko dstç dk eoktrg hd fg fdy, fos scstdlgs hd sgfuh hd`dk egpgectgr y dqucpgr g fos provddhords hd sdrvcecos hd sgfuh y tolgr ldhchgs qud gsdmurdk qud df g`orto ds sdmuro y geedsc`fd. Ldhchgs ghcecokgfds hd`dk sdr tolghgs pgrg sgfvgmugrhgr fg sgfuh hd fgs lujdrds" (Tkctdh Kgtcoks Mdkdrgf Gssdl`fy, 73331 95.ccc).

EOLDKXGPCOU ICKGFDU

Fg lgtdrkchgh ko hdsdghg o`stgeufczg df djdrececo hd fos hdrdebos bulgkos `çsceos hd fgs lujdrds y rdprdsdktg rdpr dsdktg ukg vcofgecõk g hcstcktos geudrhos cktdrkgecokgfds icrlghos y rgtciceghos por Lãxceo1 gsclcslo, rdprdsdktg ukg vcofgecõk gf Grtìeufo 8º hdhdrdebo fg Eokstctuecõk dkfc`rd, df eugf sd dstg`fded qud tohgsUo`rd fg s ^drsokgs fgs tcdkdk df g hdechcrLdxcegkg, hd lgkdrg rdspoksg`fd d ckiorlghg df kúldro y df dspgecglcdkto hd sus bcjos. Fgs fdyds qud rdmufgk fg cktdrrupecõk hdf dl`grgzo dk Lãxceo eokstctuydk uko Hd fos dfdldktos hd lgyor pdso dk fg gftg ckechdkecg hd eolpfcegecokds oegscokghgs por df g`orto prgetcegho dk eokhcecokds hd cksdmurchgh. ^or fo tgkto, hdshd ukg pdrspdetcvg edktrghg dk fg kdedschgh hd fomrgr df pfdko rdeokoeclcdkto Hd fos hdrdebos bulgkos, sdxugfds y rdprohuetcvos hd fgs lujdrds, fg fdmcsfgecõk Uo`rd df g`orto tcdkd qud sdr lohciceghg. Fgs rdspudstgs g fg eudstcõk hdf g`orto sok kdedsgrcgldktd eolpfdjgs, por fo Wud df pro`fdlg tcdkd qud u`cegrsd dk ukg pdrspdetcvg pofìtceg qud sd hcrcjg, dk ^rcldr tãrlcko, g oirdedr g fg po`fgecõk ckiorlgecõk glpfcg so`rd df pro`fdlg S g eoktrgrrdstgr df clpgeto qud dk df hd`gtd so`rd df tdlg bgk tdkcho fos grmuldktos lorgfds y rdfcmcosos eoktrg fg cktdrrupecõk hd fos dl`grgzos ko hdsdghos. Fg erdgecõk hd eokhcecokds qud pdrlctgk df eulpfclcdkto hd fgs fdyds Ycmdktds, gsì eolo fg glpfcgecõk hd fgs egusgfds pgrg df g`orto fdmgf y su dvdktugf hdspdkgfczgecõk, clpfceg gpoygr fos dsiudrzos qud rdgfczgk r dgfczgk hcstcktos sdetords soecgfds pgrg sgegr g fg fuz f uz pú`fceg fgs eoksdeudkecgs hd ukg fdmcsfgecõk rdsXrcetcvg y o`sofdtg qud ko dvctg fg prçetceg prç etceg hdf g`orto. Ko o`stgktd, ds kdedsgrco eokschdrgr qud fgs sofuecokds g fos pro`fdlgs qud ^fgktdg df g`orto vgk lçs gffç hd fgs rdiorlgs fdmcsfgtcvgs. Fg hcslckuecõk sustgkecgf hd fgs eolpfcegecokds y fgs ludrtds egusghgs por df g`orto cksdmuro supokd uk rdspgfho pofìtceo gf lçs gfto kcvdf, qud mgrgktced tgkto fg opecõk vofuktgrcg hd fgs lujdrds pgrg cktdrrulpcr df dl`grgzo eolo df geedso g sdrvcecos h d G`orto dk fgs ckstctuecokds pú`fcegs hd sgfuh, eok gftg egfchgh y eo`drturg glpfcg.

 

^çmckg 07 hd 09

 

Ds clportgktd tolgr dk eudktg qud dk fg getugfchgh dxcstdk lãtohos gftgldktd sdmuros y dicegeds pgrg rdgfczgr fg cktdrrupecõk c ktdrrupecõk tdlprgkg hdf dl`grgzo, qud Ckefuydk fg gspcrgecõk lgkugf dkhd-utdrckg (GLDT) y df uso hd gfmukos ldhcegldktos. Fg GLDT bg sustctucho dk fg lgyorìg hd fos pgìsds hdsgrroffghos gf fdmrgho ckstruldktgf pgrg cktdrrulpcr fos dl`grgzos d l`grgzos tdlprgkos1 gsclcslo, eokstctuyd fg tãekceg qucrúrmceg lçs ghdeughg pgrg gtdkhdr g fgs lujdrds eok g`ortos dspoktçkdos y g qucdkds prdsdktgk eolpfcegecokds hd g`ortos rdgfczghos dk Eokhcecokds cksdmurgs (@gcrh y eofs., 7339). ^or otrg pgrtd, dk hcstcktos pgìsds sd Bg dlpdzgho g dxtdkhdr fg prçetceg hdf g`orto lãhceo, df eugf sd rdgfczg rdg fczg ldhcgktd df uso hd ldhcegldktos (lcidprcstokd, lcsoprostof y ldtrotdxgtd) qud sd Ghlckcstrgk `gjo hcidrdktds dsqudlgs dk fgs prcldrgs sdlgkgs hdf dl`grgzo, Eok gftos lçrmdkds hd sdmurchgh y dicegecg (Erdckck y ^ylgr, 0>>>1 Utdwgrt y Eofs., 0>>7). Tkg rdspudstg cktdmrgf gf dl`grgzo ko hdsdgho y gf g`orto g` orto prgetcegho dk eokhcecokds cksdmurgs supokd tgl`cãk fg gpfcegecõk hd dstrgtdmcgs pgrg su prdvdkecõk. Ds urmdktd ckstruldktgr promrglgs hd dhuegecõk sdxugf qud hdk rdspudstg g fgs kdedschghds dspdeìicegs hd fos mrupos g fos qud sd hcrcmdk y qud propcecdk eokhcecokds hd lgyor dquchgh dktrd bol`rds y lujdrds dk df dspgeco hd ff fg Udxugfchgh y fg rdprohueecõk. rdpr ohueecõk. Ud rdqucdrdk tgl`cãk sdrvcecos hd sgfuh rdprohuetcvg geedsc`fds g tohgs fgs pdrsokgs y eok ukg vgrcdhgh glpfcg hd lãtohos gktceokedptcvos dicegeds dicegeds y sdmuros, gsì eolo fg hciuscõk cktdkscvg hd fos lãtohos ^grg fg gktceokedpecõk hd dldrmdkecg. Fg gpfcegecõk hd dstd tcpo hd dstrgtdmcgs Pdhukhgrç sck huhg dk ukg hcslckuecõk clportgktd hd fos dl`grgzos ko hdsdghos y hd fos g`ortos cksdmuros1 c ksdmuros1 sck dl`grmo, ds kdedsgrco eokschdrgr fo scmucdktd: ‖ (…) Df g`orto ko ds df tgrhìo ckvdkto hd ukg soecdhgh hdeghdktd y lorgfldktd rdfgjghg, ds ukg rdgfchgh eotchcgkg tohgs fgs soecdhghds bcstõrcegldktd eokoechgs, ds ckefuso ukg rdgfchgh ckdvctg`fd dk kudstro tcdlpo, yg qud kckmúk Ldhco gktceokedptcvo ds g`sofutgldktd g`sofutgldktd ckigfc`fd y scdlprd Bg`rç lujdrds qud toldk fg opecõk hd cktdrrulpcr uk dl`grgzo ko hdsdgho“ (Ecircçk y eofs., 7329). 

^or otro fgho, ds tgl`cãk urmdktd ldjorgr fg egfchgh tãekceg y bulgkg hd ffgg Gtdkecõk g fgs lujdrds eok eolpfcegecokds hdf g`orto cksdmuro, ldhcgktd fg ckeorporgecõk hdf lohdfo hd fg gtdkecõk post-g`orto. Hcebo lohdfo, qud ckefuyd fg tãekceg hd fg gspcrgecõk lgkugf dkho-utdrckg pgrg df lgkdjo qucrúrmceo Hd urmdkecg, dkigtczg fg clportgkecg hd proporecokgr g fgs lujdrds sdrvcecos cktdmrgfds c ktdmrgfds hurgktd su dstgkecg dk df bospctgf, qud fds oirdzegk eoksdjdrìg glpfcg Uo`rd gktceokedpe gktceokedpecõk cõk y fds pdrlctgk ukg ldjor eolprdkscõk hd su sctugecõk hd Ugfuh. Fg gtdkecõk post-g`orto iorlg pgrtd hd fgs rdeoldkhgecokds hd fg EC^H S su utcfchgh bg scho pro`ghg dk hcstcktos bospctgfds pú`fceos hdf pgìs1 dktrd sus Ydktgjgs sd bgk rdportgho fg lgyor sgtcsigeecõk hd fgs usugrcgs y fos(gs) provddhords, df ldjorglcdkto hd fg egfchgh tãekceg hd fos sdrvcecos y fg hcslckuecõk Clportgktd hd sus eostos (@rgl`cfg y eofs., 73321 Iudktds y eofs., 73321 Iudktds y eofs, 0>>7).

 

^çmckg 00 hd 09

 

^or úftclo, eg`d sd÷gfgr qud fos(gs) lãhceos(gs) tdkhrçk uk pgpdf hdecscvo pgrg fomrgr Tkg lohcicegecõk sustgkecgf hd fgs fdyds so`rd df g`orto dk Lãxceo. ^or dffo, ds kdedsgrco qud sd ckvofuerdk getcvgldktd dk df hd`gtd pú`fceo so`rd fos gspdetos Uoecgfds, jurìhceos, ãtceos y lãhceos hd fg cktdrrupecõk hdf dl`grgzo. Fgs dxpdrcdkecgs hd otros eoktdxtos bgk lostrgho qud sck df eoksdkso hdf mrdlco lãhceo, df clpgeto hd eugfqucdr rdiorlg fdmcsfgtcvg pgrg glpfcgr df geedso hd fgs lujdrds gf g`orto dk eokhcecokds sdmurgs ds fclctgho. Lãhceos y lãhcegs, dk pgrtceufgr qucdkds sd dkeudktrgk dk dtgpg hd iorlgecõk ^roidscokgf, tcdkdk fg rdspoksg`cfchgh hd ckiorlgrsd y glpfcgr su pdrspdetcvg ãtceg so`rd uk pro`fdlg soecgf luy eolpfdjo y eok rdpdreuscokds hd mrgk clportgkecg dk fg sgfuh y fg vchg hd lcfds hd lujdrds. Fgs rdstrceecokds lgreghgs dk Fgs fdyds vcmdktds, gsì eolo fos dstcmlgs hd egrçetdr lorgf y rdfcmcoso irdktd g fg Cktdrrupecõk hd fos dl`grgzos ko hdsdghos, tcdkdk luy poeg rdfgecõk eok fg Pdgfchgh getugf hd fg lgyorìg hd fgs lujdrds dk Lãxceo. Kckmukg lujdr tdkhrìg Wud suircr sdeudfgs iìscegs o dloecokgfds kc dxpokdrsd g lorcr g eoksdeudkecg hd Tk g`orto prgetcegho dk eokhcecokds qud pokdk dk rcdsmo su sgfuh y gtdktgk Eoktrg su hcmkchgh. Eolo sd÷gfõ df Hr. Jormd Ycffgrrdgf Ycffgrr dgf (7323), uk lãhceo eofol`cgko proiukhgldktd eolproldtcho eok fgs lujdrds qud sd dkirdktgk gf Dl`grgzo ko hdsdgho: ‖Df g`orto ghdeughgldktd rdgfczgho ko ds lçs ukg gldkgzg pgrg fg sgfuh iìsceg o ldktgf hd fg lujdr y pudhd prgetcegrsd bulgkgldktd y sck dxpfotgecõk deokõlceg. Fg proidscõk lãhceg kdedsctg, por fo tgkto, getugr rgecokgfldktd, Eok sdksc`cfchgh lorgf y eok uk proiukho sdktcho hd fg rdspoksg`cfchgh soecgf. Gpoyghg dk df eokoeclcdkto ecdktìiceo ecdktìiceo Hcspokc`fd, fg proidscõk lãhceg pudhd dkegrgr bokdstgldkt bokdstgldktdd sus o`fcmgecokds proidscokgfds y pdrsokgfds“. 

 

^çmckg 05 hd 09

 

Eokefuscokds

Ckvdstcmgkho lçs g iokho y eok gyuhg hd fos lãtohos1 • Hdhuetcvo  • Eugfctgtcvo  • Eugktctgtcvo. • dte. 

Ffdmuã g fg eokefuscõk hd qud dstg pro`fdlçtceg pro`fdlçtceg vg lçs gffç hd fo qud tohxs pdksglos, ko ckvofuerg sofo fg prçetceg hdf g`orto, sì ko tgl`cãk fos rcdsmos hd ffdvgrfo g eg`o hd lgkdrg efgkhdstckg y por p or dkhd cksdmurg. Xgl`cãk kos bg`fg hd gfmukgs ckstctuecokds d ormgkczgecokds qud fuebgk dk eoktrg hd fos hdrdebos rdprohuetcvos hd fgs lujdrds y pdrsokgs eok egpgechgh hd mdstgr1 ghdlçs kos hced hd eõlo sd o`fcmg g pgrcr g ghofdsedktds, kc÷gs, lujdrds, y pdrsokgs mdstgktds1 y hdf eõlo sd dkioegk prckecpgf y sofgldktd dk fos hdrdebos hdf supudsto ‖`d`ã“, d cmkorgk fos hdrdebos rdprohuetcvos y hd gutokolìg hd fgs lujdrds. Tkg pro`fdlçtceg gsì ko sd sofuecokg tgk içecfldktd, ds uk pro`fdlg soecgf clportgktd, luebìsclos eofdetcvos idlckcstgs bgk fuebgho pgrg sgegr g fg fuz gfmukos hgtos gfgrlgktds. Df o`jdtcvo hd ãstg ckvdstcmgecõk ds hgr ckiorlgecõk y eokecdktczgr g fgs pdrsokgs1 y qud tdkmgk uk dkioqud yg ko rdfcmcoso sc ko bulgko y soecgf dlpçtceo, d cmugfctgrco o lçs `cdk dquctgtcvo.

 

^çmckg 08 hd 09

 

Iudktds

GBLGK, D., UBGB, C., 0>>0. Tksgid g`ortcok: worfhwchd dstclgtds ior 0>>>. PdproHuetcvd Bdgftb Lgttdrs, v. 7>(73), p. 75-7=. 75- 7=. GUGL@FDG MDKDPGF HD KGECOKDU TKCHGU, 7338. ^romrglg hd Geecõk hd fg Eokidrdkecg Cktdrkgecokgf so`rd fg ^o`fgecõk y df Hdsgrroffo. Hoeuldkto G/7=7/75, Kudvg Sora: OKT. GUGL@FDG FDMCUFGXCYG FDMCUFGXCYG HDF HCUXPCXO IDH IDHDPGF, DPGF, 0>>>. Hderdto por df qud sd rdiorlgk y ghcecokgk hcvdrsgs hcsposcecokds hdf Eõhcmo ^dkgf pgrg df Hcstrcto Idhdrgf y df Eõhcmo hd ^roedhclcdktos ^dkgfds pgrg df Hcstrcto Idhdrgf. Mgedtg Oicecgf hdf Hcstrcto Idhdrgf, hãeclg ãpoeg, k. 782, 08 hd gmosto. gm osto. @PGL@CFG, E., FGKMDP, G., MGPECG, E., LOFCKG, G., BDCL@TPMDP, G., @GPGBOKG,Y., 7332. Gkçfcscs hd eostos hd fos f os sdrvcecos post  ― g`orto dk df Bospctgf Mdkdrgf Gurdfco Ygfhcvcdso, Ogxgeg, Lãxceo. Lãxceo: Xbd ^opufgtcok Eoukecf. @GCPH, X.F., MPCKMFD, P.D., MPDDKUHGFD, I.E., I.E., 7339. GLDT dk df trgtglcdkto hdf G`orto ckeolpfdto: dxpdrcdkecg efìkceg y promrglçtceg. Egrr`oro (DTG): Cpgs. ECIPCÇK, E., LGPXÌKDZ-XDK, E., UDPPGKO, C., 7329. Fg eudstcõk hdf g`orto. @gredfokg: Cegrcg. EOKUDJO KGECOKGF HD ^O@FGECÕK, 0>>>. Eughdrkos hd Ugfuh Pdprohuetcvg. Pdpú`fceg Ldxcegkg. Lãxceo: EOKG^O. EOOA, P.J., 7337. Fdyds y pofìtcegs pof ìtcegs so`rd df g`orto: rdtos y oportukchghds. Hd`gtd Idlckcstg, ko. 7, p.23-787. EPDCKCK, L.H., ^SLGP, B.E., 0>>>. Ldhcegf g`ortcok gftdrkgtcvds to ldicprdstokd. Jourkgf oi tbd Gldrcegk Ldhcgf ]oldk¸s Gssoecgtcok, v. 44(5), p. 70=-750. HGYCH, B.^., HSXPSEB, Z., LGXDJEDA, Z., UEBTFFDP, Y., 7337. Bcjos ko hdsdghos. Lãxceo: Dhgldx (Dhcecõk ghgptghg gf dspg÷of por Gkcfú Dfìgs y Bortdkscg Bor tdkscg Lordko). IOKHO HD ^O@FGECÕK HD FGU KGECOKDU TKCHGU, 0>>>. Dstgho hd fg po`fgecõk Lukhcgf 0>>>. Ycvcr juktos dk lukhos sdpgrghos. Bol`rds y lujdrds dk Xcdlpos hd egl`co. Kudvg Sora: IKTG^. ITDKXDU, J., @CFFCKMU, H., EGPHOKG, J.G., OXDPO, J.@., 7332. Tkg eolpgrgecõk hd Xrds lohdfos hd gtdkecõk post ― g`orto dk Lãxceo. Lãxceo: ^opufgtcok Eoukecf.

 

^çmckg 04 hd 09

 

ITDKXDU, J., ]POOLGK, D., ^ÃPDZ-ETDYGU, P., IFOPDU, @., EGPHOKG, G., 0>>7. Dvofuecõk hd fg cktrohueecõk hd gspcrgecõk lgkugf dkhoutdrckg dk bospctgfds hdf CLUU. Pdvcstg Lãhceg hdf CLUU, v. 53(4), p. 535-8>7. 535 -8>7. MDPLGCK, G., ACL. X., 7333. Ckerdldktgkho df geedso gf g`orto sdmuro: dstrgtdmcgs pgrg fg geecõk. Kudvg Sora: Cktdrkgtcokgf ]oldk–s Bdgftb Eogfctcok.  

 

^çmckg 09 hd 09