EKM Definitive Guide

 

]FI MIOE@E]E_I NYEMI ]B I@GTUZ]EB@ AIU LC@CNILI@] OY@MCLI@]CHW Y`mirstc`me`n tfi sgei`gi bo aiipe`n ybur i`grypteb` scoi

 

]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

S; ^fct es i`grypteb` aiy lc`cnili`t2

I`grypteb` aiy lc`cnili`t es cmle`estire`n tfi ouhh heoigyghi bo gryptbnrcpfeg aiys cs wihh prbtigte`n tfil orbl hbss br lesusi. ]fi ouhh heoigyghi bo aiys e`ghumis; ni`ircte`n, use`n, stbre`n, crgfeve`n, c`m mihite`n bo aiys. Zrbtigteb` bo tfi i`grypteb` aiys e`ghumis gricte`n cs wihh cs i`obrge`n pbhegeis helete`n cggiss tb tfi aiys pfysegchhy, hbnegchhy, c`m tfrbunf usir/rbhi cggiss.

Wfbrtguts E`trbmugteb` E`trbmugteb`   ................................................................................................................... 7 Aiys  ]ypis bo I`grypteb` Aiys  ............................................................................................ = Fbw I`grypteb` Aiy Wystils ^bra  ^bra  ...................................................................... ? ]fi Ouhh Heoi-Gyghi bo Aiys Aiys   ................................................................................. 5 Lc`cnili`t   ...................................................................... 3= Winrinctim Tbhis e` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Aiys  ]fi Mblce`s tb Wiguri I`grypteb` Aiys  ........................................................... 3? Zhctobrls obr Fbuse`n tfi I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnir  Lc`cnir  ................................................ 43 Gbllu`egcteb` Zrbtbgbhs  ................................................................................. 47 Zrbtbgbhs  I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t e` Liite`n Gblphec`gi  ................................................ 4> Gblphec`gi   Db`us Gb`ti`t; C Dreio Festbry - tfi @iim obr I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t  Lc`cnili`t  .............. 74 Wigurety  Cdbut ]bw`si`m Wigurety  ............................................................................................ 79

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]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

E@]TBMYG]EB@   ‘]fi prbpir lc`cnili`t bo gryptbnrcpfeg aiys es issi`tech tb tfi i﬊igtevi usi bo gryptbnrcpfy obr o br sigurety. Aiys Aiys cri c`chbnbus tb tfi gblde`cteb` bo c scoi. Eo c scoi gblde`cteb` es a`bw` tb c` cmvirscry, tfi strb`nist scoi prbvemis `b sigurety cnce`st pi`itrcteb`. Welehcrhy, pbbr aiy lc`cnili`t lcy icsehy gblprblesi strb`n chnbretfls. chnbretfls.““ ~ @EW] Tigblli`mcteb` obr Aiy Lc`cnili`t @EW]―s stctili`t pce`ts c` cggurcti pegturi. Heai c scoi―s gblde`cteb`, ybur i`grypteb` aiys cri b`hy cs nbbm cs tfi sigurety ybu usi tb prbtigt tfil. ]firi es c` i`teri pfysegch c`m menetch gryptbsystil tfct lust di lust di cggbu`tim obr cs wihh cs icgf aiy―s ouhh heoigyghi. ]firiobri, c rbdust aiy lc`cnili`t systil c`m pbhegeis e`ghumis; Aiy heoigyghi; aiy ni`ircteb`, pri-cgtevcteb`, cgtevcteb`, ixpercteb`, pbst• cgtevcteb`, isgrbw, c`m mistrugteb` Zfysegch cggiss tb tfi aiy sirvir(s) • Hbnegch cggiss tb tfi aiy sirvir(s) • Ysir/Tbhi cggiss tb tfi i`grypteb` aiys • Hit―s Hit― s nit stcrtim wetf c dreio bvirveiw bo ttfi fi typis bo i`grypteb` aiys.

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]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

]UZIW BO I@GTUZ]EB@ AIUW Wyllitreg Aiys; Mctc-ct-Tist E` syllitreg aiy gryptbnrcpfy, tfi scli i`grypteb` aiy es usim tb dbtf i`grypt c`m migrypt tfi mctc. ]fes lic`s bo i`grypteb` es usim prelcrehy tb prbtigt mctc ct rist. C` ixclphi wbuhm di tb i`grypt si`setevi mctc e`tb gepfirtixt wfehi et es stbrim e` c mctcdcsi c`m migrypt et tb phce`tixt wfi` et es cggissim dy c` cutfbrezim usir, c`m vegi virsc.

Csyllitreg Aiys; Mctc-e`-Lbteb` Csyllitreg aiys, b` tfi btfir fc`m, cri c pcer bo aiys obr tfi i`grypteb` c`m migrypteb` bo tfi mctc. Dbtf aiys cri rihctim tb icgf btfir c`m grictim ct tfi scli teli. ]fiy cri rioirrim tb cs c pudheg c`m c prevcti aiy; •

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Zudheg Aiy; tfes aiy es prelcrehy usim tb i`grypt tfi mctc c`m gc` di oriihy nevi` cs et wehh di usim tb i`grypt mctc, `bt migrypt et. Zrevcti Aiy; tfes aiy es usim tb migrypt tfi mctc tfct et―s gbu`tirpcrt, tfi pudheg aiy, fcs i`gryptim. ]fes aiy lust di scoinucrmim cs et es tfi b`hy aiy tfct gc` migrypt tfi i`gryptim mctc.

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]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

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Csyllitreg aiys cri prelcrehy usim tb siguri mctc-e`-lbteb`. C` ixclphi lenft di c vertuch prevcti `itwbra (_Z@) gb``igteb`. ^etf c _Z@; c` CIW syllitreg sisseb` aiy es usim tb i`grypt tfi mctc • c pudheg aiy es usim tb i`grypt tfi sisseb` aiy • b`gi tfi i`gryptim mctc es rigievim, tfi prevcti aiy es usim tb migrypt • tfi sisseb` aiy sb tfct es gc` di usim tb migrypt tfi mctc. •

obr ourtfir ricme`n;

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]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

FB^ I@GTUZ]EB@ AIU WUW]ILW ^BTA Wyllitreg Aiy Wystils Oerst, hit―s istcdhesf c oiw miffi`eteb`s; Mctc i`grypteb` aiy (MIA); es c` i`grypteb` aiy wfbsi ou`gteb` et es tb i`grypt c`m migrypt tfi mctc. Aiy i`grypteb` aiy (AIA); es c` i`grypteb` aiy wfbsi ou`gteb` et es tb i`grypt c`m migrypt tfi MIA. Aiy lc`cnili`t cpphegcteb` prbnrcl e`tirocgi (AL CZE); es c` cpphegcteb` e`tirocgi tfct es misen`im tb sigurihy ritreivi c`m pcss chb`n i`grypteb` aiys orbl c aiy lc`cnili`t sirvir tb tfi ghei`t riquiste`n tfi aiys. Girteffigcti Cutfbrety (GC); es c` i`tety tfct grictis pudheg c`m prevcti aiys, grictis girteffigctis, vireffiis girteffigctis c`m pirobrls btfir ZAE ou`gteb`s. •

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]rc`spbrt hcyir sigurety (]HW); es c gryptbnrcpfeg prbtbgbh tfct prbvemis sigurety, tfrbunf lutuch cutfi`tegcteb`, obr mctc-e`-lbteb` bvir c gblputir `itwbra. Aiy Lc`cnili`t Wystil (ALW); es tfi systil tfct fbusis tfi aiy lc`cnili`t sbotwcri

(gb`te`uim b` `ixt pcni)

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]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

@bw tfct wi fcvi tfi miffi`eteb`s e` phcgi, dihbw es c stip dy stip ixclphi bo fbw c` cutfbrezim usir cggissis i`gryptim mctc; 3. C usir riquists tb cggiss i`gryptim mctc. 4. 7.

=.

9. ?. >. 6. 5.

]fi mctcdcsi, cpphegcteb`, ffihi systil, br stbrcni tfi` si`ms c MIA ritreivch riquist tb tfi ghei`t (AL CZE). @ixt, tfi ghei`t (AL CZE) c`m AL vireoy icgf btfir―s girteffigctis; ]fi ghei`t (AL CZE) si`ms c girteffigcti tb tfi AL obr vireffigcteb`. • ]fi AL tfi` gfigas tfi girteffigcti cnce`st tfi GC obr cutfi`tegcteb`. • B`gi tfi ghei`t (AL CZE) girteffigcti fcs dii` vireffiim, tfi AL tfi` si`ms ets girteffigcti • tb tfi AL CZE obr cutfi`tegcteb` c`m cggiptc`gi. B`gi tfi girteffigctis fcvi dii` cggiptim, c siguri ]HW gb``igteb` es istcdhesfim ditwii` tfi ghei`t (AL CZE) c`m tfi AL. ]fi AL tfi` migrypts tfi riquistim MIA wetf tfi AIA ]fi AL si`ms tfi MIA tb tfi ghei`t (AL CZE) bvir tfi i`gryptim ]HW sisseb`. ]fi AL CZE tfi` si`ms tfi MIA tb tfi mctcdcsi, cpphegcteb`, ffihi systil, br stbrcni. ]fi mctcdcsi (lcy) gcgfi tfi MIA e` tilpbrcry siguri lilbry. ]fi mctcdcsi, cpphegcteb`, ffihi systil, br stbrcni tfi` si`ms tfi phce`tixt e`obrlcteb` tb tfi usir.

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]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

Csyllitreg Aiy Wystils

?.

]fi Wi`mir c`m Tigepei`t vireoy icgf btfir―s girteffigctis; ]fi si`mir si`ms c girteffigcti tb tfi rigepei`t obr vireffigcteb`. • ]fi rigepei`t tfi` gfigas tfi girteffigcti cnce`st tfier Girteffigcti Cutfbrety • (GC) br c` ixtir`ch _chemc _chemcteb` teb` Cutfbrety (_C) obr cutfi`tegcteb`. B`gi tfi si`mir―s girteffigcti fcs dii` vireffiim, tfi rigepei`t tfi` si`ms • tfier girteffigcti tb tfi si`mir obr cutfi`tegcteb` c`m cggiptc`gi. B`gi tfi si`mir c`m rigepei`t fcvi lutuch cggiptc`gi; ]fi si`mir riquists tfi rigepei`t―s pudheg aiy aiy.. • ]fi rigepei`t si`ms tfier pudheg aiy tb tfi si`mir si`mir.. • ]fi si`mir grictis c` ipfilirch syllitreg aiy c`m i`grypts tfi ffihi tb di si`t. (c` ipfilirch syllitreg aiy es c syllitreg i`grypteb` aiy usim b`hy obr b`i sisseb`) ]fi si`mir i`grypts tfi syllitreg aiy wetf tfi pudheg aiy. aiy. ]fi si`mir tfi` si`ms tfi i`gryptim mctc wetf tfi i`gryptim syllitreg aiy. ]fi rigepei`t rigievis tfi pcgait c`m migrypts tfi syllitreg aiy wetf tfi

>.

prevcti aiy. ]fi rigepei`t migrypts tfi mctc wetf tfi syllitreg aiy.

3.

4.

7.

=. 9.

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]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

]FI OYHH HEOI-GUGHI BO AIUW ]fi i`grypteb` aiy heoi-gyghi, miffi`im dy @EW] @EW] cs  cs fcve`n c pri-bpircteb`ch, bpircteb`ch, pbst-bpircteb`ch, c`m mihiteb` stcnis, riqueris tfct, clb`n btfir tfe`ns, c bpircteb`ch pirebm gryptb pirebm di  di miffi`im obr icgf aiy aiy.. C gryptb pirebm es tfi ‘teli spc` mure`n wfegf c spigeffig aiy es cutfbrezim obr usi“ c`m e` Wigteb` Nuemi,, tfi gryptb pirebm es mitirle`im (obr ixclphi, wetf c syl9.7 bo @EW]―s Nuemi litreg aiy) dy gblde`e`n tfi istelctim teli mure`n wfegf i`grypteb` wehh di cppheim tb mctc (tfi Brene`ctbr Yscni Zirebm (BYZ)) c`m tfi teli wfi` et wehh di migryptim obr usi (tfi Tigepei`t Yscni Zirebm (TYZ)). Wb, cs c` ixclphi; hit―s scy tfct c mctcdcsi es i`gryptim c`m obr tfi t fi `ixt ? lb`tfs etils cri • cmmim tb et. ]fi`; tfi BYZ es ? lb`tfs Obr 4 yicrs tfi mctcdcsi es chsb veiwim dy cutfbrezim usirs. ]fi`; tfi TYZ es 4 yicrs (c`m gblphitihy bvirhcps wetf tfi BYZ) • ]firiobri, tfi gryptb pirebm wbuhm iquch 4 yicrs c`m tfi i`grypteb` aiy wbuhm `iim tb di cgtevi mure`n tfct teli. •

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]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

Dut, se`gi c` brnc`ezcteb` lcy ricsb`cdhy wc`t tb i`grypt c`m migrypt tfi scli mctc obr yicrs b` i`m, btfir ocgtbrs lcy gbli e`tb phcy tb wfi` ocgtbre`n tfi gryptb pirebm; Ubu lcy wc`t tb helet tfi; • • •

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‘clbu`t bo e`obrlcteb` prbtigtim dy c nevi` aiy“ ‘clbu`t bo ixpbsuri eo c se`nhi aiy es gblprblesim“ ‘teli cvcehcdhi obr cttilpts tb pi`itrcti pfysegch, prbgimurch, c`m hbnegch cggiss“ ‘pirebm wetfe` wfegf e`obrlcteb` lcy di gblprblesim dy e`cmvirti`t mesghbsuri“ ‘teli cvcehcdhi obr gblputcteb`chhy e`ti`sevi gryptc`chyteg cttcgas“ ctt cgas“

]fes gc` di dbehim mbw` tb c oiw aiy quisteb`s; Fbw hb`n wehh tfi mctc di usim • Fbw es tfi mctc die`n usim • Fbw lugf mctc es tfiri • Fbw si`setevi es tfi mctc • Fbw lugf mclcni wehh di mb`i wfi` tfi mctc es ixpbsim br tfi aiys cri • hbst

]fi ni`irch ruhi; cs tfi si`setevety bo mctc die`n sigurim e`gricsis, tfi heoiteli bo c` i`grypteb` aiy migricsis. Nevi` tfes, ybur i`grypteb` aiy lcy fcvi c` cgtevi heoi sfbrtir tfc` c` cutfbrezim usir―s usir―s cggiss tb tfi m mctc. ctc. ]fes lic`s tfct y ybu bu wehh `iim tb crgfevi mi-cgtevctim aiys c`m usi tfil b`hy obr migrypteb`. B`gi tfi mctc fcs dii` migryptim dy tfi bhm aiy, et wehh di i`gryptim dy tfi `iw aiy, c`m bvir teli tfi bhm aiy wehh `b hb`nir di usim tb i`grypt/migrypt mctc c`m gc` di mihitim. (sii nrcpfeg `ixt pcni)

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]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

Wii dihbw obr c lbri tfbrbunf u`mirstc`me`n bo c aiys ouhh heoi-gyghi.

Aiy Gricteb` (Ni`ircteb` & Zri-Cgtevcteb`) grictim c`m  c`m stbrim b` tfi aiy lc`cnili`t sirvir sirvir.. ]fi ]fi i`grypteb` aiy es grictim aiy lc`cnir grictis tfi i`grypteb` aiy tfrbunf tfi usi bo c gryptbnrcpfegchhy

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]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

siguri rc`mbl det ni`irctbr c`m stbris tfi t fi aiy, chb`n wetf chh et―s cttredutis, e`tb tfi aiy stbrcni mctcdcsi. ]fi cttredutis stbrim wetf tfi aiy e`ghumi ets `cli, cgtevcteb` mcti, sezi, e`stc`gi, tfi cdehety obr tfi aiy tb di mihitim, cs wihh cs ets rbhhbvir, lerrbre`n, aiy cggiss, c`m btfir cttredutis. ]fi aiy gc` g c` di cgtevctim upb` ets gricteb` br sit tb di cgtevctim cutblctegchhy br lc`uchhy ct c hctir teli. ]fi i`grypteb` aiy lc`cnir sfbuhm trcga gurri`t c`m pcst e`stc`gis (br virseb`s) bo tfi i`grypteb` aiy.

Aiy Ysi c`m Tbhhbvir (Cgtevcteb` tfrbunf ZbstCgtevcteb`) ]fi aiy lc`cnir sfbuhm chhbw c` cgtevctim aiy tb di ritreivim dy cutfbrezim systils c`m usirs obr i`grypteb` br migrypteb` prbgissis. Et sfbuhm chsb siclhisshy lc`cni gurri`t c`m pcst e`stc`gis bo tfi i`grypteb` aiy. Obr ixclphi, eo c `iw aiy es ni`irctim c`m tfi bhm b`i micgtevctim (br rbhhim) iviry yicr, tfi` tfi aiy lc`cnir sfbuhm ritce` privebus virseb`s bo tfi aiy dut mespi`si b`hy tfi gurri`t e`stc`gi c`m cgtevcti privebus virseb`s obr migrypteb` prbgissis. Zrivebus virseb`s gc` stehh di ritreivim e` brmir tb migrypt mctc i`gryptim wetf sugf virseb`s bo tfi aiy aiy.. ]fi aiy lc`cnir wehh chsb rrbhh bhh tfi aiy ietfir tfrbunf c privebushy istcdhesfim sgfimuhi br chhbw c` cmle`estrctbr tb lc`uchhy rbhh tfi aiy.

Aiy Tivbgcteb` C` cmle`estrctbr sfbuhm di cdhi tb usi tfi aiy lc`cnir tb rivbai c aiy sb tfct et es `b hb`nir usim obr i`grypteb` c`m migrypteb` riquists. C rivbaim aiy gc`, eo `iimim, di ricgtevctim dy c` cmle`estrctbr sb tfct, E` girtce` gcsis tfi aiy gc` di usim tb migrypt mctc privebushy i`gryptim wetf et, heai bhm dcgaups. Dut ivi` tfct gc` di ristregtim.

Dcga Yp (Isgrbw) @EW] (Wigteb` 6.7.3) riqueris 6.7.3) riqueris tfct c` crgfevi sfbuhm di aipt obr micgtevctim aiys. ]fi crgfevi sfbuhm ‘prbtigt tfi crgfevim lctirech orbl u`cutfbrezim Qmesghbsuri,\ lbmeffigcteb`, mihiteb`, c`m e`sirteb`. e `sirteb`.““ ]fi i`grypteb` aiys `iim ‘tb di rigbvircdhi … cotir tfi i`m bo ets gryptbpirebm“ c`m ‘tfi systil sfchh di misen`im tb chhbw rigb`strugteb`“ bo tfi aiys sfbuhm tfiy `iim tb di ricgtevctim obr usi e` migrypte`n tfi mctc tfct et b`gi i`gryptim.

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]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

Aiy Mihiteb` (Mistrugteb`) Eo c aiy es `b hb`nir e` usi br eo et fcs sblifbw dii` gblprblesim, c` cmle`estrctbr gc` gfbbsi tb mihiti tfi aiy i`terihy orbl tfi aiy stbrcni mctcdcsi bo tfi i`grypteb` aiy lc`cnir. lc`cnir. ]fi aiy lc`cnir wehh rilbvi et e t c`m chh ets e`stc`gis, br kust girtce` e`stc`gis, gblphitihy c`m lcai tfi rigbviry bo tfct aiy elpbssedhi (btfir tfc` tfrbunf c ristbri orbl c dcgaup elcni). ]fes sfbuhm di cvcehcdhi cs c` bpteb` eo si`setevi mctc es gblprblesim e` ets i`gryptim stcti. Eo tfi aiy es mihitim, tfi gblprblesim mctc wehh di gblphitihy siguri c`m u`rigbvircdhi se`gi et wbuhm di elpbssedhi tb rigricti tfi i`grypteb` aiy obr tfct mctc.

obr ourtfir ricme`n;

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]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

WINTINC]IM TBHIW E@ AIU LC@CNILI@]  

Wipcrcteb` bo Muteis cteb` obr Aiy E` ‘Tigblli`m ‘Tigblli`mcteb` Lc`cnili`t ‗ Zcrt 4“ 4“ @EW] miffi`is Wipcrcteb` bo Muteis cs;

‘C sigurety pre`gephi tfct mevemis gretegch ou`gteb`s clb`n me﬊iri`t stc﬊ lildirs e` c` cttilpt tb i`suri tfct `b b`i e`mevemuch fcs i`bunf e`obrlcteb` br cggiss  prevehini tb pirpitrcti pirpitrcti mclcne`n mclcne`n orcum.“  ]fi prcgtegi bo Wipcrcteb` bo Muteis rimugis tfi pbti`tech obr orcum br lchoicsc`gi dy meveme`n rihctim rispb`sedeheteis obr gretegch tcsas ditwii` me﬊iri`t e`mevemuchs e` c` brnc`ezcteb`. Et es gbllb` e` tfi ffi`c`gech c`m cggbu`te`n prbgimuris bo lbst brnc`ezcteb`s. Obr ixclphi, tfi pirsb` wfb pre`ts tfi gfigas ct c gblpc`y wbuhm `bt di tfi pirsb` wfb sen`s tfi gfigas. Welehcrhy, tfi e`mevemuch wfb sen`s gfigas wbuhm `bt rigb`gehi tfi dc`a stctili`ts. C gblpc`y wbuhm i`suri tfct duse`iss gretegch muteis cri gctinbrezim e`tb obur typis bo ou`gteb`s; cutfbrezcteb`, gustbmy gust bmy,, rigbrm aiipe`n, c`m rigb`gehecteb`. E` c piroigt systil, `b b`i pirsb` sfbuhm fc`mhi lbri tfc` b`i typi bo ou`gteb`. Tincrme`n e`obrlcteb` sigurety prcgtegis, tfi elphili`tcteb` bo Wipcrcteb` Tincrme`n bo Muteis es gretegch grete gch e` tfi cric bo i`grypteb` aiy lc`cnili`t. ]b ]b privi`t u`wc`tim cggiss tb prbtigtim mctc, et es elpbrtc`t tfct tfi pirsb` wfb lc`cnis i`grypteb` aiys `bt fcvi tfi cdehety tb cggiss prbtigtim mctc, c`m vegi virsc. ]fes es `b lbri me﬇guht tb cggblphesf e` c` e`obrlcteb` tigf`bhbny gb`tixt tfc` e` c ffi`c`gech gb`tixt, dut es boti` bvirhbbaim br lesu`mirstbbm e` gblphix gblputir systils.

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Zcni 3=

 

]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

Much Gb`trbh Cnce`, @EW], e` Tigblli`mcteb` obr Aiy Lc`cnili`t ‗ Zcrt 4, 4 , miffi`is Much Gb`trbh; C prbgiss tfct usis twb br lbri sipcrcti i`teteis (usuchhy pirsb`s) bpircte`n e` gb`girt tb prbtigt si`setevi ou`gteb`s br e`obrlcteb`. @b se`nhi i`tety es cdhi tb cggiss br usi tfi lctirechs, i.n., gryptbnrcpfeg aiys. ^fehi Wipcrcteb` bo Muteis e`vbhvis mestredute`n me﬊iri`t pcrts bo c prbgiss tb me﬊iri`t pibphi, Much Gb`trbh riqueris tfct ct hicst twb br lbri e`mevemuchs gb`trbh c se`nhi prbgiss. E` mctc sigurety prcgtegi et es gbllb` tb ffi`m riquerili`ts obr Much Gb`trbh bo i`grypteb` aiy lc`cnili`t ou`gteb`s. Digcusi c aiy lc`cnili`t systil lcy di stbre`n i`grypteb` aiys obr luhtephi cpphegcteb`s c`m duse`iss i`teteis, tfi prbtigteb` bo i`grypteb` aiys es gretegchhy elpbrtc`t.

Wphet A`bwhimni ]fi gb`gipt bo Wphet A`bwhimni cppheis tb c`y cggiss br fc`mhe`n bo u`prbtigtim gryptbnrcpfeg lctirech heai i`grypteb` aiys br pcsspfrcsis usim tb gricti i`grypteb` aiys, c`m riqueris tfct `b b`i pirsb` a`bw tfi gblphiti vchui bo c` i`grypteb` aiy. Eo pcsspfrcsis cri usim tb gricti i`grypteb` aiys, `b b`i pirsb` sfbuhm a`bw tfi i`teri pcsspfrcsi. Tctfir, twb br lbri pibphi sfbuhm icgf a`bw b`hy c pcrt bo tfi pcss pfrcsi, c`m chh bo tfil wbuhm fcvi tb di prisi`t tb gricti br rigricti c` i`grypteb` aiy.

© 4:3? ]bw`si`m Wigurety

Zcni 39

 

]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

]FI MBLCE@W ]B WIGYTI I@GTUZ]EB@ AIUW Zfysegch Wigurety Lc`y, wfi` tchae`n cdbut sigure`n c aiy lc`cnir Lc`y, lc`cnir,, wehh `cturchhy tur` tb sigure`n tfi aiy lc`cnir etsiho wetf c fcrmwcri sigurety lbmuhi (FWL). ^fehi tfct es c `igisscry tbpeg (c`m wi wehh mesguss et), wi sfbuhm ffirst tcha cdbut sigure`n tfi pfysegch i`verb`li`t e` wfegf ybur aiy lc`cnir es fbusim. E` @EW]―s Wpigech Zudhegcteb` 6::-3=, tfiy b﬊ir tfes miffi`eteb` bo pfysegch sigurety;

‘Zfysegch c`m i`verb`li`tch sigurety gb`trbhs“ sfbuhm di ‘elphili`tim tb  prbtigt tfi ocgehety fbuse`n systil ris risburgis, burgis, tfi systil risburgis tfilsihvis, c`m tfi ocgeheteis usim tb suppbrt tfier bpircteb`. bpircteb`.“  “  C` brnc`ezcteb`―s pfysegch sigurety phc` `iim tb e`ghumi tfe`ns t fe`ns heai; Zfysegch cggiss gb`trbhs; helet cggiss tb gretegch systils, e`ghume`n hbgcteb`s bo were`n gb``igte`n tb tfi systil, tb cs oiw pibphi cs pbssedhi. Zbrts; OEZW 3=:-4 `btis tfct e` tfi gcsi si`me`n phce`tixt i`grypteb` aiys, pfysegch pbrts sfbuhm di mimegctim obr b`hy tfct purpbsi, c`m chh btfir usi ixghumim obr hivih 7 c`m = gryptbnrcpfeg lbmuhis.  lcai suri chh pfysegch i`verb`li`ts fbuse`n tfi systil fcvi Oeri scoity; cmiqucti, c`m gurri`t, ffiri supprisseb` systils. Wtrugturch e`tinrety; i`suri tfct chh pfysegch i`verb`li`ts fbuse`n tfi systil liit gurri`t icrtfqucai, fflbbme`n, c`m s`bw hbcm obr rbbffi`n rinuhctbry riquerili`ts. Yteheteis ocehuri; systils sugf cs ihigtregety, cer gb`meteb`e`n, c`m ficte`n gc` lchou`gteb`. I`suri tfct icgf es ou`gteb`e`n prbpirhy wetf dcga-ups e` phcgi, wfiri `igisscry `igisscry.. E`tirgipteb` bo mctc; i`suri tfct chh trc`slesseb` bo si`setevi mctc es prbpirhy i`gryptim wetf pudheg/prevcti aiys. Lbdehi mivegi lc`cnili`t; lc`cnili`t; chh mivegis tfct gc` rilbtihy cggiss tfi •

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systil sfbuhm di gctchbnim c`m lc`cnim e` c pirlesseb`s mctcdcsi.

© 4:3? ]bw`si`m Wigurety

Zcni 3?

 

]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

@bw gblis sigure`n tfi gryptbnrcpfeg lbmuhi etsiho. ]fi Oimirch E`obrlcteb` Zrbgisse`n Wtc`mcrms (OEZW) fcs emi`teffiim obur hivihs bo e`gricse`n sigurety e` OEZW 3=:-4 tfct 3=:-4 tfct gc` di cppheim tb tfi lbmuhi, icgf gbrrispb`me`n tb tfi gblli`surcti tfrict hivih; Hivih 3; ‘@b spigeffig pfysegch sigurety ligfc`esls cri riquerim e` c Wigurety •

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Hivih 3 gryptbnrcpfeg lbmuhi diyb`m tfi dcseg riquerili`t obr o br prbmugteb`nrcmi gblpb`i`ts. … Wigurety Hivih 3 chhbws tfi sbotwcri c`m ffirlwcri gblpb`i`ts bo c gryptbnrcpfeg lbmuhi tb di ixigutim b` c ni`irch purpbsi gblpute`n systil use`n c` u`ivchuctim bpircte`n systil. systil.““ Hivih 4; ‘i`fc`gis tfi pfysegch sigurety ligfc`esls bo c Wigurety Hivih 3 gryptbnrcpfeg lbmuhi dy cmme`n tfi riquerili`t obr o br tclpir-ivemi`gi, wfegf e`ghumis tfi usi bo tclpir-ivemi`t gbcte`ns br sichs br obr pega-risestc`t hbgas b` rilbvcdhi gbvirs br mbbrs bo tfi lbmuhi. lbmuhi.““ Hivih 7; ‘cttilpts tb privi`t tfi e`trumir orbl nce`e`n cggiss tb QGretegch sigurety pcrclitirs (GWZs)\ fihm wetfe` tfi gryptbnrcpfeg lbmuhi. ... ]fi pfysegch sigurety ligfc`esls lcy e`ghumi tfi usi bo strb`n i`ghbsuris c`m tclpir mitigteb`/rispb`si gerguetry tfct zirbezis chh phce`tixt GWZs wfi` tfi rilbvcdhi gbvirs/mbbrs bo tfi gryptbnrcpfeg lbmuhi cri bpi`im.“ Hivih =; ‘prbvemis tfi fenfist hivih bo sigurety miffi`im e` tfes stc`mcrm. Ct tfes sigurety hivih, tfi pfysegch sigurety ligfc`esls prbvemi c gblphiti i`vihbpi bo prbtigteb` crbu`m tfi gryptbnrcpfeg lbmuhi wetf tfi e`ti`t bo mitigte`n c`m rispb`me`n tb chh u`cutfbrezim cttilpts ct pfysegch cggiss. Zi`itrcteb` bo tfi gryptbnrcpfeg lbmuhi i`ghbsuri orbl c`y merigteb` fcs c viry fenf prbdcdehety bo die`n mitigtim, risuhte`n e` tfi ellimecti zirbezcteb` bo chh phce`tixt GWZs. GWZs.““

© 4:3? ]bw`si`m Wigurety  

]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

Fbw c` I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnir es _chemctim Iviry mctc sigurety prbmugt cvcehcdhi lcais ghcels cs tb supirebr ou`gteb`chety br mctc prbtigteb`. Dut wfi` prbtigte`n si`setevi mctc, brnc`ezcteb`s `iim tb fcvi cssurc`gi tfct c prbmugt―s stctim sigurety ghcel es vchem. ]fes es girtce`hy trui wfi` et gblis tb c` i`grypteb` aiy lc`cnir. lc`cnir. ]b cmmriss tfes, @EW] fcs mivesim c systil tb vchemcti gryptbnrcpfeg lbmuhis c`m i`suri tfct tfiy gblphy wetf OEZW 3=:-4 stc`mcrms. Firi cri tfi stips c` i`grypteb` aiy lc`cnir vi`mbr lust tb tcai tb sfbw ouhh gblphec`gi; 3.

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Oerst tfiy wehh gb`trcgt wetf c` cggrimetim hcdbrctbry, hcdbrctbry, wfb fcs suggissouhhy u`mirnb`i tfi @cteb`ch _bhu`tcry Hcdbrctbry Cggrimetcteb` Zrbnrcl (@_HCZ) (@_HCZ),, tb gb`mugt ‘cmiqucti tiste`n c`m vchemcteb` bo tfi gryptbnrcpfeg lbmuhi c`m ets u`mirhye`n gryptbnrcpfeg chnbretfls cnce`st istcdhesfim stc`mcrms“ tb hbba obr ‘wica`issis sugf cs pbbr misen` br wica chnbretfls.“ chnbretfls.“ @ixt, tfi cggrimetim hcdbrctbry wehh gb`mugt tfi Gryptbnrcpfeg Chnbretfl _chemcteb` Zrbnrcl (GC_Z). (GC_Z). ^etf tfes tiste`n, tfiy wehh prbvemi ‘vchemcteb` tiste`n bo OEZW-cpprbvim c`m @EW]-rigblli`mim @EW]-rigblli`mim gryptbnrcpfeg chnbretfls c`m tfier e`mevemuch gblpb`i`ts.“ B`gi tfct tiste`n es gblphiti c`m tfi aiy lc`cnir fcs liit chh stc`mcrms, tfi hcd wehh tfi` lbvi b` tb tfi Gryptbnrcpfeg Lbmuhi _chemcteb` Zrbnrcl (GL_Z) tiste`n. (GL_Z)  tiste`n. ]fi ‘hcdbrctbreis usi tfi Mirevim ]ist Tiquerili`ts (M]T) (M]T),, (EN) c`m  c`m cpphegcdhi GL_Z prbnrcllcteg nuemc`gi tb Elphili`tcteb` Nuemc`gi (EN) tist gryptbnrcpfeg lbmuhis cnce`st tfi cpphegcdhi stc`mcrms.“ stc`mcrms.“ Oe`chhy,, b`gi tfi i`grypteb` aiy lc`cnir fcs dii` sfbw` tb liit chh OEZW 3=:Oe`chhy 4 stc`mcrms, tfi e`mipi`mi`t hcd essuis tfi OEZW 3=:-4 _chemcte _chemcteb` b` Girteffigcti c`m tfi gryptbnrcpfeg lbmuhi es phcgim b` tfi OEZW 3=:-3 c`m OEZW 3=:-4 3=:-4   _i`mbr Hest Hest..

Hbnegch Cggiss Wigurety ]fi `ixt cri`c e` wfegf ybu gc` prbtigt ybur i`grypteb` aiys es dy hbnegchhy sipcrcte`n tfi me﬊iri`t gryptbnrcpfeg gblpb`i`ts fbuse`n tfi aiys orbl tfi rist bo tfi hcrnir `itwbra. ]firi cri tfrii lce` etils tb gb`semir; 3=:-4,, Wigteb` =.4, et nevis tfes gretirec obr `iime`n tb E`tirocgis; E` OEZW 3=:-4 sipcrcti hbnegch e`tirocgis; Hivih 3 c`m 4; tfi ‘hbnegch e`tirocgi(s) usim obr tfi e`put c`m butput bo phce`tixt gryptbnrcpfeg aiys, gryptbnrcpfeg aiy gblpb`i`ts, cutfi`te•

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gcteb` mctc, c`m GWZs lcy di sfcrim pfysegchhy c`m hbnegchhy wetf btfir pbrts c`m e`tirocgis bo tfi gryptbnrcpfeg lbmuhi. lbmuhi.““

Zcni 3>

© 4:3? ]bw`si`m Wigurety

Zcni 36

 

]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

Hivih 7 c`m =; ‘tfi hbnegch e`tirocgis usim obr tfi e`put c`m butput bo phce`tixt gryptbnrcpfeg aiy gblpb`i`ts, cutfi`tegcteb` mctc, c`m GWZs sfchh di hbnegchhy sipcrctim orbl chh btfir e`tirocgis use`n c trustim pctf. pctf.““ MIA orbl i`gryptim mctc; E` hivih 3 i`verb`li`ts, wfiri tfi i`grypteb` aiy lc`cnir es `bt e` c pfysegchhy sipcrctim FWL, tfi MIA(s) sfbuhm di hbnegchhy •

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sipcrctim orbl tfi mctc tfct es i`gryptim. ]fes i﬊igtevihy aiips tfi MIA(s) orbl die`n usim tb migrypt tfi mctc e` gcsi u`cutfbrezim usirs nce` cggiss tb tfi si`setevi lctirech. lc`cnir,, tfi AIA(s) sfbuhm di AIA orbl MIA; ^etfe` tfi i`grypteb` aiy lc`cnir hbnegchhy sipcrctim orbl tfi MIA(s). ]fes i`suris tfct tfbunf tfi mctcdcsi MIAs di gblprblesim, tfiy wehh di ri`mirim u`uscdhi digcusi tfi AIA es e` c hbnegchhy sipcrcti hbgcteb` orbl tfi MIAs.

Ysir/Tbhi Ysir/T bhi Cggiss B`gi Zfysegch Wigurety c`m Hbnegch Wigurety cri cmmrissim, tfi ffi`ch gblpb`i`t es usir rbhis c`m prevehinis. ]fi gbri gb`gipt prbluhnctim dy @EW] es tfi gb`gipt bo hicst prevehini; wfiri ybu ristregt ‘tfi cggiss prevehinis bo cutfbrezim pirsb``ih (i.n., prbnrcl ixiguteb` prevehinis, ffihi lbmeffigcteb` prevehinis) tb tfi le`elul `igisscry tb pirobrl tfier kbds.“ Tigblli`mcteb` teb` obr Aiy @EW] nevis nuemc`gi, e` Wigteb`s 9.7.9 bo Tigblli`mc Lc`cnili`t ‗ Zcrt 4, 4, b` tfi cggiss gb`trbhs c`m prevehinis `igisscry tb prbpirhy lc`cni usir cggiss tb tfi aiy lc`cnili`t systil. Mbguli`t c`m elphili`t wfegf rbhis wetfe` tfi brnc`ezcteb` wehh di • cutfbrezim tb cggiss tfi ALW c`m tb wfct hivih. •

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^fct ou`gteb`s wehh tfi rbhi di cdhi tb ixiguti b` (e.i. ni`ircteb`, fc`mhe`n, mestreduteb`, stbrcni, mihiteb`). ^fct lic`s bo cutfi`tegcteb` wehh di usim (e.i. pcsswbrms, pirsb`ch emi`teffigcteb` `uldirs, deblitregs, c`m tfier ixpercteb` mctis).

Diyb`m helete`n cggiss tb tfi aiy lc`cnili`t sirvir sirvir,, ybu sfbuhm chsb helet cggiss tb tfi aiys tfilsihvis dcsim b` usir c`m nrbup. ]fi usirs c`m nrbup cggiss gc` di miffi`im b` c systil hivih, br ct tfi hivih bo icgf aiy. ^fi` ybu gricti c aiy ybu gc` miffi`i tfi ristregteb`s b` usir c`m nrbup cggiss. Cs c` ixclphi; ]firi es c` CIW i`grypteb` aiy cvcehcdhi b` tfi aiy lc`cnili`t sirvir usim ilphbyii―s pirsb`ch mctc. Et es ristregtim sb tfct b`hy lildirs bo tb tfiprbtigt Fulc`c` Tisburgis nrbup gc` usi tfct aiy aiy. . Wb c`y e`mevemuch

© 4:3? ]bw`si`m Wigurety

Zcni 35

 

]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

wetf ‘Fulc` Tisburgis“ miffi`im cs tfier e`mevemuch br nrbup rbhi gc` suggissouhhy riquist tfct t fct aiy, chh btfirs cri ttur`im ur`im cwcy cwcy..

Fenf Cvcehcdehety c`m Duse`iss Gb`te`uety B`gi ybu fcvi pfysegch sigurety, hbnegch sigurety, c`m usir rbhis e` phcgi, ybu lust chsb gb`semir duse`iss gb`te`uety. Eo c` e`trumir mbis gblpresi ybur mctc br ybur prbmugteb` sirvir(s) cri tcai` b﬍e`i obr c vcreity bo ricsb`s, ybu lust di cdhi tb dbu`gi dcga e` c rihctevihy sfbrt teli wetf pri-prisgredim stips. Firi cri c gbuphi miffi`eteb`s tb stcrt us b﬊; 7.7),, et es tfi Duse`iss Gb`te`uety; Cs miffi`im dy EWB 447:3;4:34 (Wigteb` 7.7) ‘gcpcdehety bo tfi brnc`ezcteb` tb gb`te`ui miheviry bo prbmugts br sirvegis ct cggiptcdhi“ hivihs cotir c ‘mesruptevi e`gemi`t.“

c `itwbra i`verb`li`t, fbt ocehbvirsirvir es swetgfe`n c dcgaup Fbt ocehbvir; sirvir tfct es E` rinuhcrhy upmctim orbl tficprbmugteb` c`m es tb ricmy ricmy, , ct c`y teli, sfbuhm tfi prbmugteb` sirvir `b hb`nir di cdhi tb ou`gteb` `brlchhy obr c`y hi`ntf bo teli. E` tfi gcsi bo aiy lc`cnili`t, icgf prbmugteb` aiy lc`cnili`t sirvir sfbuhm di lerrbrim wetf c fenf cvcehcdehety sirvir e` c nibnrcpfegchhy sipcrcti hbgcteb` e` gcsi tfi prbmugteb` sirvir es gblprblesim c`m tcai` b﬍e`i obr c`y hi`ntf bo teli. Cs c` cddrivectim hest, firi cri sbli oicturis tb hbba obr e` aiy lc`cnili`t sbhuteb`s br wfct ybu wehh wc`t tb cmmriss eo ybu duehm ybur bw`; Fcrmwcri - fbt swcppcdhi TCEM mesa mrevis • • • • • • • • •

Fcrmwcri - much rimu`mc`t pbwir suppheis Fcrmwcri - e`mipi`mi`t `itwbra e`tirocgis Cgtevi-Cgtevi siguri aiy sirvir lerrbre`n Cgtevi-Zcssevi siguri aiy sirvir lerrbre`n Tich teli aiy lerrbre`n Tich teli cggiss pbhegy lerrbre`n Aiy lc`cnir e`tinrety gfigae`n b` stcrtup Aiy ritreivch e`tinrety gfigae`n

© 4:3? ]bw`si`m Wigurety

Zcni 4:

 

]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

ZHC]OBTLW OBT FBYWE@N ]FI AIU LC@CNIT  

FWL ]fi fcrmwcri sigurety lbmuhi (FWL) fcs dii` mesgussim chricmy e` ‘Zfysegch Wigurety“ lbsthy rioirrim tb cs tfi ‘gryptbnrcpfeg lbmuhi.“ lbmuhi.“ Dut, tb sullcrezi, c FWL es typegchhy c sirvir wetf me﬊iri`t hivihs bo sigurety prbtigteb` br ‘fcrmi`e`n“ tfct privi`ts tclpire`n br hbss. ]fisi gc` di sullcrezim cs; ]clpir Ivemi`t; cmme`n tclpir-ivemi`t gbcte`ns br sichs b` sgriws br hbgas b` chh rilbvcdhi gbvirs br mbbrs ]clpir Tisest Tisestc`t; c`t; cmme`n ‘tclpir mitigteb`/rispb`si gerguetry“ tfct wepis but chh si`setevi mctc sugf cs MIAs c`m AIAs •

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]clpir Z Zrbbo; rbbo; gblphiti fcrmi`e`n bo tfi lbmuhi wetf tclpir ivemi`t/ risestc`t sgriws c`m hbgas chb`n wetf tfi fenfist si`setevety tb ‘tclpir mitigteb`/rispb`si gerguetry“ tfct wepis but chh si`setevi mctc

Fbstim FWL ^etf lc`y brnc`ezcteb`s lbve`n sbli br chh bo tfier bpircteb`s tb tfi ghbum, tfi `iim obr lbve`n tfier sigurety fcs chsb cresi`. ]fi nbbm `iws, lc`y aiy lc`cnili`t prbvemirs fcvi pcrt`irim wetf ghbum fbste`n prbvemirs tb t b rcga up trcmeteb`ch FWLs e` ghbum i`verb`li`ts. ]fi scli hivihs bo ‘fcrmi`e`n“ wbuhm stehh cpphy, cs et es c trcmeteb`ch FWL e` c` b﬊seti i`verb`li`t.

_ertuch _ertuch e`stc`gis bo c` i`grypteb` aiy lc`cnir b﬊ir c nrict mich lbri fflixedehety tfc` tfier FWL gbu`tirpcrts. E` lc`y gcsis, c vertuch aiy lc`cnir gc` di mbw`hbcmim orbl c vi`mbr e` c lcttir bo le`utis c`m miphbyim e` c vertuch i`verb`li`t. C` FWL, b` tfi btfir fc`m, gc` tcai mcys br wiias die`n sfeppim tb tfi seti c`m tfi` riqueris c pfysegch e`stchhcteb`. Ourtfir Ourtfir,, vertuch e`stc`gis gc` di e`stchhim c`ywfiri tfct suppbrts tfi vertuch phctobrl tfct tfi aiy lc`cnir ru`s e`, _Lwcri, cs c` ixclphi.

© 4:3? ]bw`si`m Wigurety

Zcni 43

 

]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

]fi mbw`semi, bo gbursi, es tfct dy et―s `cturi bo die`n vertuch wetf `b sit pfysegch gblpb`i`ts, c vertuch aiy lc`cnir―s sbotwcri gc` b`hy di OEZW 3=:4 gblphec`t, dut `bt vchemctim. Wb, eo ybur duse`iss `iim(s) br gblphec`gi rinuhcteb`(s) riqueri OEZW 3=:-4 vchemcteb`, tfi` c FWL es ybur b`hy bpteb`. ]fct die`n scem, tfi hbnegch sigurety tfct OEZW 3=:-4 gblphec`t vertuch aiy lc`cnirs prbvemi es `brlchhy lbri tfc` i`bunf obr lbst brnc`ezcteb`ch `iims.

C^W, Legrbsbot Czuri, c`m Lbri; Mimegctim br ‘cs c Wirvegi“ Ghbum prbvemirs, sugf cs Clczb` ^id Wirvegis (C^W), (C^ W), Legrbsbot Czuri (Czuri), c`m lbri fcvi lcraitphcgi b﬊ire`ns obr i`grypteb` aiy lc`cnili`t cs wihh cs tfier bw` aiy lc`cnili`t cs c sirvegi (ALccW). C^ C^W W c`m Czuri―s ALccW es typegchhy luhte-ti`c`t, lic`e`n lbri tfc` b`i usir―s aiy(s) cri prisi`t b` tfi scli aiy lc`cnili`t e`stc`gi. ]fes gc` rcesi gb`gir`s obr brnc`ezcteb`s tfct `iim mimegctim sirvegis tb letencti sigurety gb`gir`s bo btfir usirs cggisse`n tfi scli aiy mctc stbris. ]b gbldct tfes essui, lbst ghbum prbvemirs wehh chsb b﬊ir mimegctim sirvegis. E` tfier lcraitphcgis, tfiri cri chsb e`mipi`mi`t vi`mbrs tfct prbvemi mimegctim sirvegis tfct typegchhy gbli e` twb obrls; ZcyZir-Yscni c`m ‘dre`n ybur bw` hegi`si.“ ] ]bw`si`m bw`si`m Wigurety prbvemis obr dbtf phctobrls c`m obr dbtf hegi`se`n lbmihs; Chhec`gi Aiy Lc`cnir obr C^W c`m C^W c`m Chhec`gi Aiy Lc`cnir obr Czuri. Czuri. Dbtf tfi C^W c`m tfi Czuri e`stc`gis cri mimegctim aiy lc`cnirs e` c` EccW vertuch e`stc`gi c`m chsb i`kby tfi fflixedehety FWL, c`m bo die`n tfi scli aiy lc`cnir tfct es miphbyim cs c` FWL, FWL, Ghbum FWL, _Lwcri e`stc`gi sb tfct ybur i`verb`li`t gc` sgchi pcst C^ _Lwcri e`stc`gi C^W W c`m Czuri, eo `iimim. ]fes es usiouh obr brnc`ezcteb`s wetf ixeste`n (br outuri) pfysegch mctc gi`tir(s), digcusi fcve`n tfi scli tigf`bhbny siguri ybur mctc ivirywfiri rimugis gblphixety obr ybur E] stc﬊ cs tfiy usi c`m lce`tce` et.

© 4:3? ]bw`si`m Wigurety

Zcni 44

 

]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

GBLLY@EGC GBLLY@E GC]EB@ ]EB@ ZTB] ZTB]BGBHW BGBHW ZAE Zudheg aiy e`orcstrugturi (ZAE); @EW] miffi`is ZAE cs ZAE cs c` e`orcstrugturi tfct ‘de`ms pudheg aiys tb i`teteis, i`cdhis btfir i`teteis tb vireoy pudheg aiy de`me`ns, c`m prbvemis tfi sirvegis `iimim obr b`nbe`n lc`cnili`t bo aiys e` c mestredutim systil. systil.““ Zut c`btfir wcy, et es c gryptbnrcpfeg e`orcstrugturi gb`seste`n bo tfi sbotwcri, fcrmwcri, rbhis, prbgimuris, c`m pbhegeis `iimim tb prbpirhy lc`cni c`m mestreduti pudheg aiys (sugf cs c menetch girteffigcti) c`m prevcti aiys. C viry selphi e`tir`ch ZAE e`stchhcteb` (cs sfbw` e` tfi nrcpfeg wbuhm fflbw heai tfes; 3. C usir riquists c girteffigcti. 4. ]fi Tinestrcteb` Cutfbrety cutfi`tegctis tfi usir c`m tfi usir―s riquist, c`m b`gi cutfi`tegctim, si`ms tfi riquist tb tfi Girteffigcti Cutfbrety Cutfbrety.. (C

7.

Tinestrcteb` Cutfbrety es bpteb`ch, tfi Girteffigcti Cutfbrety gc` fc`mhi tfisi riquists, eo `igisscry `igisscry.) .) ]fi Girteffigcti Cutfbrety rigievis tfi riquist c`m essuis tfi girteffigcti tb tfi usir.

]igf`bhbny c`m tfi Oimirch Cs miffi`im dy @EW] e`, ‘E`trbmugteb` ‘E`trbmugteb` tb Zudheg Aiy ]igf`bhbny ZAE E`orcstrugturi“ E`orcstrugturi“, tfi ZAE i`verb`li`t gb`sests bo; Girteffigcteb` Cutfbrety (GC); @EW] heai`s et ‘tb c `btcry. ]fi GC gb`ffirls tfi emi`teteis bo pcrteis si`me`n c`m rigieve`n ihigtrb`eg pcyli`ts br btfir gbllu`egcteb`s.““ Et menetchhy sen`s c`m pudhesfis ttfi gbllu`egcteb`s. fi pudheg aiy dbu`m tb c nevi` usir br lcgfe`i c`m cutfi`tegctis tfi emi`tety bo cutfbrezim usirs bo icgf girteffigcti. Tinestrcteb` Cutfbrety (TC); (br sudbrme`cti GC) @EW] ixphce`s, et ‘es c` i`•

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© 4:3? ]bw`si`m Wigurety

Zcni 47

 

]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

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tety tfct es trustim dy tfi GC tb rinestir br vbugf obr tfi emi`tety bo usirs tb c GC.“ GC.“ Et cggipts riquists obr girteffigctis, cutfi`tegctis tfi usir/lcgfe`i lcae`n riquist, c`m essuis tfi girteffigcti obr usis nrc`tim dy tfi GC. Gi`trch Merigtbry; Cnce`, orbl @EW]; et ‘es c mctcdcsi bo cgtevi menetch girteffigctis obr c GC systil. ]fi lce` duse`iss bo tfi ripbsetbry es tb prbvemi mctc tfct chhbws usirs tb gb`ffirl tfi stctus bo menetch girteffigctis obr e`mevemuchs c`m duse`issis tfct rigievi menetchhy sen`im lisscnis.“ Crgfevi; es c mctcdcsi bo pudheg aiys c`m girteffigctis. ]fi crgfevi sfbuhm stbri su﬇gei`t e`obrlcteb` tb mitirle`i eo c menetch sen`cturi b` c` ‘bhm“ mbguli`t sfbuhm di trustim. ‘ obr icgf emi`tety, gb`ffirle`n tfct Zudheg Aiy Girteffigcti; @EW] riqueris b`i ‘obr tfi emi`tety fcs tfi cpprbprecti grimi`techs. C menetch girteffigcti typegchhy e`ghumis tfi pudheg aiy, e`obrlcteb` cdbut tfi emi`tety bo tfi pcrty fbhme`n tfi gbrrispb`me`n prevcti aiy, tfi bpircteb`ch pirebm obr tfi girteffigcti, girt effigcti, c`m tfi GC―s bw` menetch sen`cturi.“

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Girteffigcti Tivbgcteb` Hest (GTH); Welphy put, c hest bo girteffigctis tfct fcvi dii` rivbaim. e `mevemuchs tfct usi tfi ZAE Ysirs; @EW] miffi`is tfil cs, ‘brnc`ezcteb`s br e`mevemuchs ZAE, dut mb `bt essui girteffigctis. ]fiy rihy b` tfi btfir gblpb`i`ts bo tfi ZAE tb bdtce` girteffigctis, c`m tb vireoy tfi girteffigctis bo btfir i`teteis tfct tfiy mb duse`iss wetf.“

© 4:3? ]bw`si`m Wigurety

Zcni 4=

 

]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

ALEZ

BCWEW,, ALEZ Aiy Lc`cnili`t E`tirbpircdehety Zrbtbgbh (ALEZ); Cs miffi`im dy BCWEW es c gbllu`egcteb` ‘prbtbgbh usim obr tfi gbllu`egcteb` ditwii` ghei`ts c`m sirvirs tb pirobrl girtce` lc`cnili`t bpircteb`s b` bdkigts stbrim c`m lce`tce`im dy c aiy lc`cnili`t systil.“ systil.“ ]fes prbtbgbh ees s c stc`mcrmezim wcy bo lc`cne`n i`grypteb` aiys tfrbunfbut tfi heoigyghi bo tfi aiy c`m es misen`im tb ocgehetcti ‘syllitreg c`m csyllitreg gryptbnrcpfeg aiys, menetch girteffigctis, c`m tilphctis usim tb selpheoy tfi t fi gricteb` bo bdkigts c`m gb`trbh tfier usi.“ Dihbw es c gurctim hest bo wfct BCWEW ourtfir miffi`is e` Wigteb` = cs wfct tfi aiy lc`cnili`t ghei`t gc` riquist bo tfi aiy lc`cnili`t sirvir; Gricti c Aiy br Aiy Zcer; ‘tb ni`ircti c `iw syllitreg aiy“ br ‘`iw pudheg/prevcti aiy pcer“ c`m rinestir tfi ‘gbrrispb`me`n `iw Lc`cnim Gryptbnrcpfeg Bdkigts. Bdkigts.““ Bdkigt,““ typegchhy aiys, pcsswbrms, br btfir Tinestir; ‘tb rinestir c Lc`cnim Bdkigt, gryptbnrcpfeg lctirechs, ‘tfct wcs grictim dy tfi ghei`t br bdtce`im dy tfi ghei`t tfrbunf sbli btfir lic`s, chhbwe`n tfi sirvir tb lc`cni tfi bdkigt. bdkigt.““ Ti-Aiy br Ti-aiy Aiy Zcer; ‘tb ni`ircti c riphcgili`t aiy,“ chsb gchhim c •

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aiy gfc`ni, ‘obr c` ixeste`n syllitreg aiy“ br ‘aiy pcer obr c` ixeste`n pudheg/prevcti aiy pcer.“

© 4:3? ]bw`si`m Wigurety

Zcni 49

 

]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

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Mirevi Aiy; ‘tb mirevi c Wyllitreg Aiy br Wigrit Mctc bdkigt orbl aiys br Wigrit Mctc bdkigts tfct cri chricmy a`bw` tb tfi aiy lc`cnili`t systil.“ Girteoy br Ti-gir Ti-girteoy; teoy; ‘tb ni`ircti c Girteffigcti bdkigt obr c pudheg aiy“ br ‘ri`iw c` ixeste`n girteffigcti.“ Hbgcti; tb ‘sicrgf obr b`i br lbri Lc`cnim Bdkigts, mipi`me`n b` tfi cttredutis spigeffiim e` tfi riquist.“ Gfiga; tb ‘gfiga obr tfi usi bo c Lc`cnim Bdkigt cggbrme`n tb vchuis spigeffiim e` tfi riquist. riquist.““ Nit br Nit Cttredutis; tb ritur` ‘tfi Lc`cnim Bdkigt spigeffiim dy ets Y`equi Emi`teffiir“ br riquist ‘b`i br lbri cttredutis cssbgectim wetf c Lc`cnim Bdkigt.“ lbmeoy, mihiti c` ‘cttreduti e`Cmm, Lbmeoy, br Mihiti Cttreduti; tb cmm, lbmeoy, stc`gi tb di cssbgectim wetf c Lc`cnim Bdkigt c`m sit ets vchui.“ Cgtevcti; ‘tb cgtevcti c Lc`cnim Gryptbnrcpfeg Bdkigt.“ Tivbai; ‘tb rivbai c Lc`cnim Gryptbnrcpfeg Bdkigt br c` Bpcqui Bdkigt.“

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 ‘tfct tfi aiy lctirech obr tfi spigeffiim Lc`cnim Bdkigt WFCHH di Mistrby; mistrbyim.“ LCU U di crgfevim.“ Crgfevi; ‘tb spigeoy tfct c Lc`cnim Bdkigt LC crgfevim.““ Tigbvir; ‘tb bdtce` cggiss tb c Lc`cnim Bdkigt tfct fcs dii` crgfevim.

Obr ourtfir ricme`n b` ALEZ ALEZ,, try tfi ALEZ Yscni Nuemi _irseb` 3.4, 3.4, Imetim dy E`mrc Oetznirchm c`m Kumetf Ourhb`n.

© 4:3? ]bw`si`m Wigurety

Zcni 4?

 

]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

I@GTUZ]EB@ AIU LC@CNILI@] E@ LII]E@N GBLZHEC@GI ZGE MWW Zcyli`t gcrm e`mustry Mctc Wigurety Wtc`mcrm (ZGE MWW) es MWW) es c wemihy cggiptim sit bo rinuhcteb`s e`ti`mim tb siguri grimet, midet c`m gcsf gcrm trc`scgteb`s c`m gcrmfbhmir mctc. ZGE MWW riqueris tfct lirgfc`ts prbtigt si`setevi gcrmfbhmir e`obrlcteb` orbl hbss c`m usi nbbm sigurety prcgtegis tb mitigt c`m prbtigt cnce`st sigurety dricgfis. E` Wigteb` 7.9 bo ZGE MWW, brnc`ezcteb`s tfct prbgiss, stbri, br trc`slet gcrmfbhmir mctc sfbuhm, ‘mbguli`t c`m elphili`t prbgimuris tb prbtigt pr btigt aiys usim tb siguri stbrim gcrmfbhmir mctc cnce`st mesghbsuri c`m lesusi.“ lesusi.“ ]fes e`ghumis; lce`tce`e`n ‘c mbguli`tim misgrepteb` • bo tfi gryptbnrcpfeg crgfetigturi“ usim tb prbtigt tfi mctc ristregte`n ‘cggiss tb gryptbnrcpfeg aiys tb • tfi oiwist `uldir bo gustbmec`s `igisscry“ stbri i`grypteb` aiys ‘e` b`i (br lbri) bo tfi • obhhbwe`n ct chhi`grypteb` telis;“ i`gryptobrls tfi mctc aiy wetf c aiy • i`grypteb` aiy wetfe` c siguri gryptbnrcpfeg mivegi • Heaiwesi, Wigteb` 7.? riqueris tfct ybu ‘ouhhy mbguli`t c`m elphili`t chh aiy lc`cnili`t prbgissis c`m prbgimuris obr gryptbnrcpfeg aiys usim obr i`grypteb` bo gcrmfbhmir mctc. mctc.““ ]fes e`ghumis sigurihy; ni`ircte`n gryptbnrcpfegchhy strb`n aiys • siguri mestreduteb` bo aiys • • siguri stbrcni bo aiys istcdhesfli`t bo gryptbpirebms obr chh aiys • ritere`n c`m mistrbye`n tfi aiys •

© 4:3? ]bw`si`m Wigurety

Zcni 4>

 

]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

FEZCC FE]IGF ]fi Fichtf E`surc`gi Zbrtcdehety c`m Cggbu`tcdehety Cgt (FEZ (FEZCC) CC) c`m  c`m tfi Fichtf E`obrlcteb` ]igf`bhbny obr Igb`bleg c`m Ghe`egch Fichtf (FE]IGF) Cgt dbtf Cgt  dbtf siia nrictir cmbpteb` c`m lic`e`nouh usi bo fichtf e`obrlcteb` tigf`bhbny.. Dbtf chsb hcy but nuemihe`is c`m rinuhcteb`s obr prbpir mctc tigf`bhbny sigurety crbu`m Ihigtrb`eg Zrbtigtim Fichtf E`obrlcteb` (iZFE). Gblphec`gi wetf tfi FEZ FEZCC CC Wigurety Tuhis c`m FEZ FEZCC CC Zrevcgy Tuhis obr iZFE riqueris tfi usi bo sigurety tigf`bhbneis c`m dist prcgtegis tb milb`strcti strb`n i﬊brts tbwcrms gblphye`n wetf tfes oimirch rinuhcteb`.

WBV WB V Cgt wcs ]fi Wcrdc`is-Bxhiy (WBV) Cgt wcs pcssim tb prbtigt e`vistbrs orbl tfi pbssedehety bo orcumuhi`t cggbu`te`n cgteveteis dy gbrpbrcteb`s. ]fi Wcrdc`is-Bxhiy Cgt (WBV) lc`mctim stregt riobrls tb elprbvi ffi`c`gech mesghbsuris orbl gbrpbrcteb`s c`m privi`t cggbu`te`n orcum. Wigteb`s 7:4, 7:=, c`m =:= bo tfi Wcrdc`is-Bxhiy Cgt lc`mcti tfct brnc`ezcteb`s duehm, lce`tce`, c`m c``uchhy ripbrt b` tfi mctc sigurety c`m e`tir`ch gb`trbhs usim scoinucrm tfier si`setevi mctc orbl lesusi c`m orcum.

Ghbum Wigurety Chhec`gi ^fehi tfi Ghbum Wigurety Chhec`gi Chhec`gi es  es `bt c nbvir`li`tch cni`gy cdhi tb hivy ffi`is obr `b`-gblphec`gi bo tfier stc`mcrms, et es c` `bt-obr-prbffit brnc`ezcteb` bo ghbum vi`mbrs, usirs, c`m sigurety ixpirts wfbsi lesseb` es ‘] ‘]b b prblbti tfi usi bo dist prcgtegis obr prbveme`n sigurety cssurc`gi wetfe` Ghbum Gblpute`n, c`m prbvemi imugcteb` b` tfi usis bo Ghbum Gblpute`n tb fihp siguri

© 4:3? ]bw`si`m Wigurety

Zcni 46

 

]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

chh btfir obrls bo gblpute`n.“ gblpute`n.“ ]fiy gurri`thy fcvi bvir 6:,::: 6:,::: lildirs c`m nrbwe`n. Wb gb`obrle`n tb tfier stc`mcrms es e` tfi dist e`tirist bo lc`y gblpc`eis wbrhmwemi. Cs c pcrt bo tfes lesseb` tfi brnc`ezcteb` fcs pudhesfim c mbguli`t, ‘Wigure‘Wigurety Nuemc`gi Obr Gretegch Crics bo Obgus E` Ghbum Gblpute`n,“ Gblpute`n,“ tb fihp vi`mbrs c`m gustblirs cgfeivi lbri siguri cpphegcteb`s e` ghbum i`verb`li`ts. ]fi pudhesfim nuemc`gi es `bw e` ets tferm imeteb` c`m es cvcehcdhi orbl tfi brnc`ezcteb`―s wid seti. ]fi nuemc`gi prbvemis rigblli`mcteb`s obr i`grypteb` aiy lc`cnili`t e` tfi sigteb` sigt eb` ‘Mblce` 33 ‗ I`grypteb` c`m Aiy Lc`cnili`t“ Lc`cnili`t“..

Mblce` 33 - I`grypteb` & Aiy Lc`cnili`t Firi cri tfi tfrii lce` pbe`ts tfct tfi GWC strissis obr i`grypteb` aiy lc`cnili`t; •

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Wiguri aiy stbris. Aiy stbris lust tfilsihvis di prbtigtim, kust cs c`y btfir si`setevi mctc. ]fiy lust di prbtigtim e` stbrcni, e` trc`set, c`m e` dcgaup. Elprbpir aiy stbrcni gbuhm hicm tb tfi gblprblesi bo chh i`gryptim mctc. Cggiss tb aiy stbris. Cggiss tb aiy stbris lust di heletim tb tfi i`teteis tfct spigeffigchhy `iim tfi e`mevemuch aiys. ]firi sfbuhm chsb di pbhegeis nbvir`e`n tfi aiy stbris, wfegf usi sipcrcteb` bo rbhis tb fihp gb`trbh cggiss1 c` i`tety tfct usis c nevi` aiy sfbuhm `bt di tfi i`tety tfct stbris tfct aiy. Aiy dcgaup c`m rigbvircdehety. Hbss bo aiys e`ivetcdhy lic`s hbss bo tfi mctc tfct tfbsi aiys prbtigt. ^fehi tfes es c` i﬊igtevi wcy tb mistrby mctc, cggemi`tch hbss bo aiys prbtigte`n lesseb` gretegch mctc wbuhm di mivcstcte`n tb c duse`iss, sb siguri dcgaup c`m rigbviry sbhuteb`s lust di elphili`tim.

Firi chsb es c gurctim hest bo tfier riquerili`ts obr i`grypteb` c`m aiy lc`cnili`t; •

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‘E` brmir tb lce`tce` dist prcgtegis ... tfi brnc`ezcteb` sfbuhm lc`cni tfier aiys e` tfi gustbmy bo tfier bw` i`tirpresi br tfct bo c grimedhi sirvegi. sirvegi.““ ‘Aiys usim e` ixeste`n i`grypteb` tigf`bhbny ... sfbuhm di lc`cnim dy gi`trch, e`tir`ch tb tfi i`tirpresi, aiy stbrcni tigf`bhbny. tigf`bhbny.““

© 4:3? ]bw`si`m Wigurety

Zcni 45

 

]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

‘Lc`cni aiys usim dy tfi gryptbnrcpfeg prbgissis use`n de`me`n gryptbnrcpfeg bpircteb`s.“ ‘De`me`n gryptbnrcpfeg bpircteb`s c`m aiy lc`cnili`t tb gbrpbrcti emi`tety e mi`tety systils wehh prbvemi tfi brnc`ezcteb` wetf tfi lbst fflixedhi e`tinrcteb`.“

IY NMZT ]fi `iw Iurbpic` Y`eb` Ni`irch Mctc Zrbtigteb` Tinuhcteb` (IY NMZT)  NMZT)  fcs `bw pcssim dbtf tfi IY Gbu`geh c`m Zcrhecli`t c`m riphcgis tfi icrheir Mctc Zrbtigteb` Merigtevi (Merigtevi 5=/=?/IG). E` Zrbveseb` 67 et stctis;

‘E` brmir tb lce`tce` sigurety c`m tb  privi`t prbgisse`n e` e`ore`nili`t e`ore`nili`t bo tfes Tinuhcteb`, tfi gb`trbhhir br  prbgissbr sfbuhm ivchucti tfi resas e`firi`t e` tfi prbgisse`n c`m elphili`t licsuris tb letencti tfbsi resas, sugf cs i`grypteb`.“  Crteghi 74 chsb gchhs obr ‘tfi psiumb`ylescteb` c`m i`grypteb` bo pirsb`ch mctc.““ Eo c` brnc`ezcteb` mbis sb, Crte mctc. Crteghi ghi 7= stctis tfct tfi t fi stregt mctc dricgf mesghbsuri hcws bo Crteghi 77 wehh `bt di i`obrgim eo, ‘tfi gb`trbhhir fcs elphili`tim cpprbprecti tigf`egch c`m brnc`escteb`ch  prbtigteb` licsuris, licsuris, c`m tfbsi li licsuris csuris wiri cppheim tb tfi pirsb`ch mctc mctc c﬊igtim dy tfi pirsb`ch mctc dricgf, e` pcrteguhcr tfbsi tfct ri`mir tfi  pirsb`ch mctc u`e`tihhenedhi u`e`tihhenedhi tb c`y pi pirsb` rsb` wfb es `bt cutfbresim tb cggiss et, sugf cs i`grypteb`.“  ]fi NMZT phcgis c fenf prebrety b` prbtigte`n mctc ct rist wetf i`grypteb`. We`gi i`grypteb` aiy lc`cnili`t es pcrt bo c` bvirchh i`grypteb` strctiny st rctiny,, et sfbuhm di gb`semirim pcrt e` pcrgih wetf gblphye`n wetf IY hcw hcw..

© 4:3? ]bw`si`m Wigurety

Zcni 7:

 

]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

GCZ =6? Fb`n Ab`n―s GCZ =6? Zirsb`ch Mctc (Zrevcgy) Brme`c`gi riqueris Brme`c`gi riqueris tfct chh prcgtegch stips wehh di tcai` tb i`suri tfct pirsb`chhy emi`tefficdhi e`obrlcteb`, fihm dy c mctc usir usir,, cri prbtigti prbtigtim m cnce`st u`cutfbrezim br cggemi`tch cggiss. Wugf gb`semircteb`s sfbuhm di tfi ae`m bo mctc stbrim c`m tfi fcrl tfct gbuhm risuht eo c`y bo tfbsi tfe`ns sfbuhm bggur1 tfi pfysegch hbgcteb` wfiri tfi mctc es stbrim1 c`m c`y sigurety licsuris e`gbrpbrctim e`tb c`y iquepli`t e` wfegf tfi mctc es stbrim.

CZZE Kcpc`―s Cgt b` tfi Zrbtigteb` bo Zirsb`ch E`obrlcteb` gb`tce`s E`obrlcteb` gb`tce`s pbhegeis tfct cri nuemihe`is, dut `bt hcws, nbvir`e`n tfi prbtigteb` bo pirsb`ch e`obrlcteb`. Et riqueris tfct duse`issis fc`mhe`n pirsb`ch e`obrlcteb` sfbuhm tcai chh `igisscry c`m prbpir licsuris obr tfi privi`teb` bo hicacni, hbss, br mclcni.

ZC 3566 & ZC 4::: Custrchec―s Zrevcgy Cgt bo 3566 c`m 3566 c`m tfi Zrevcgy Cli`mli`t Cgt bo 4::: nbv4::: nbvir` mctc sigurety obr tfi Mbw` Y`mir Y`mir.. E` et, duse`issis lust tcai chh ricsb`cdhi stips tb prbtigt pirsb`chhy emi`tefficdhi e`obrlcteb` e` ets mctcdcsis orbl cdusi br tfiot. brnc`ezcteb` lust chsb mistrby br C` pirlc`i`thy mi-emi`teoy pirsb`ch e`obrlcteb` eo et es `b hb`nir `iimim.

© 4:3? ]bw`si`m Wigurety

Zcni 73

 

]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

DB@YW GB@]I@] C Dreio Festbry - tfi @iim obr I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t I`grypteb` fcs dii` crbu`m obr lehhi``euls. Wbli bo tfi icrheist li`teb`s bo et gbli orbl tfi Crtfcsfcstrc Crtfcsfcstrc,, c trictesi b` Elpirech E`mec` nbvir`c`gi wretti` g4`m gi`tury DGI. E` et, et misgredis neve`n lisscnis tb stcti speis e` ‘sigrit ‘sigrit wrete`n““. Hctir wrete`n Hctir,, c`m e` crnucdhy tfi lbst oclbus obrl bo c`gei`t i`grypteb`, Kuheus Gciscr si`t lisscnis tb fes dctthi orb`t ni`irchs e` gbmi. A`bw` cs tfi Gepfir, et es c; Gciscr Gepfir,

‘sudstetuteb` gepfir e` wfegf icgf hittir e` tfi phce`tixt es ‖sfeotim― c girtce` ‘sudstetuteb` `uldir bo phcgis mbw` tfi chpfcdit. Obr ixclphi, ixclphi, wetf c sfeot bo 3, C wbuhm di riphcgim dy D, D wbuhm digbli G, c`m sb b`.“  Y`obrtu`ctihy obr Gciscr, Gciscr, c`m obrtu`ctihy obr fes bppb`i`ts, b`gi tfi gepfir es a`bw`, chh lisscnis gc` di icsehy ricm. ]fus ri`mire`n tfi gepfir usihiss. ]firi `iimim tb di c dittir wcy wcy.. Ocst obrwcrm tb tfi ihigtrb`eg ihig trb`eg cni. E` tfi 3543 Imwcrm Fidir` pcti`tim tfi Fidir` Ihigtreg Wupir Gbmi Gepfir Lcgfe`i. Lcgfe`i. Et wcs tfi ffirst tb gbmi tfi lisscni wetf c sigrit aiy ildimmim e` c mitcgfcdhi rbtbr. rbtbr. E` rigi`thy mighcsseffiim mbguli`ts, mbguli`ts, tfi @WC sfbwim tfct tfi lcgfe`i i`gepfirim tfi lisscni dy fcve`n tfi bpirctbr typi tfi lisscni e` c`m tfi gepfirtixt wbuhm cppicr e` c henft-dbcrm, b`i hittir ct c teli. Dut se`gi tfi i`grypteb` aiy wcs heletim dy tfi usi bo b`i rbtbr, gb`seste`n bo 4? gerguet pbe`ts, et wcs uhtelctihy drbai` dy gryptc`chyses, spigeffigchhy hittir oriqui`geis.. oriqui`geis ]fi rich hicp obrwcrm wcs tfi I`enlc Lcgfe`i bo ^brhm ^ ^cr cr EE, mivihbpim dy tfi Nirlc`s e` tfi 354:s. Et usim tfrii rbtbrs c`m wcs tfbunft u`dricacdhi se`gi tfi Nirlc`s, mure`n tfi wcr, gfc`nim tfi rbtbrs b`gi c mcy, ‘neve`n 395 lehheb` orbl,“ istelctis Dhitgfhiy Zcra.. lehheb` lehheb` pbssedhi sitte`ns tb gfbbsi orbl,“ Zcra

© 4:3? ]bw`si`m Wigurety

Zcni 74

 

]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

Dut, tfi I`enlc lcgfe`i wcs gblprblesim dy tfi Zbhis e` 3574 use`n tigf`equis. Hctir, lctfilctegch tigf`equis. Hctir, tfes icrhy wbra wcs usim tb ricm i`gryptim lisscnis mure`n ^brhm ^cr EE dy, clb`n btfirs, Chc` ]ure`n (ct ]ure`n (ct Dhitgfhiy Zcra) c`m tfi usi bo tfi tfi` hctist mctc gru`gfe`n gblputirs. Wi`me`n lisscnis sigurihy fcm gbli c hb`n wcy orbl selphi sudstetuteb` gepfirs. Aiys wiri `bw die`n usim - dut tfiy gbuhm di grcgaim use`n tfi druti obrgi bo tfi hctist gblputirs. I`tir; Mctc I`grypteb` Wtc`mcrm. Oerst pudhesfim cs tfi OEZW =? stc`mcrm e` 35>>, 35>>, e` 356> tfi YW Nbvir`li`t, u`mir tfi Gblputir Wigurety Cgt, lc`mctim tfct tfi @cteb`ch E`stetuti bo Wtc`mcrms c`m ]igf`bhbny (@EW]) essui tfi Mctc I`grypteb` Wtc`mcrm (MIW)  (MIW)  e` wfegf et ‘spigeffiis twb OEZW cpprbvim gryptbnrcpfeg chnbretfls.“ chnbretfls.“ Et chsb lc`mctim tfct tfi ‘MIW aiy gb`sests bo ?= de`cry menets (‘:“s br ‘3“s) bo wfegf 9? dets cri rc`mblhy ni`irctim c`m usim merigthy dy tfi chnbretfl. ]fi btfir 6 dets, wfegf cri `bt usim dy tfi chnbretfl, lcy di usim obr irrbr mitigteb`. mitigteb`.““ MIW wcs gb`semirim viry siguri ct tfi teli. Dut e` hetthi lbri tfc` c migcmi, c`m cs gblputirs digcli ixpb`i`techhy ocstir, MIW aiys quegahy digcli vuh`ircdhi tb druti obrgi cttcgas. ]wb bpteb`s wiri prbpbsim tb cmmriss tfi essui crbu`m tfi scli teli. ]fi ffirst, e`trbmugim e` 355> 355>,, wcs ]rephi Mctc I`grypteb` Chnbretfl (]MIC) (]MIC) br  br cs et es lbri gbllb`hy a`bw; ]rephi Mctc I`grypteb` Wtc`mcrm (7MIW). Cs @EW] misgredis tfi gryptbnrcpfeg tigf`equi;

 Q7MIW\ i`grypts icgf icgf dhbga tfrii telis telis wetf tfi MIW chnbretfl, use`n iet ietfir fir twb br tfrii me﬊iri`t 9?-det aiys. ]fes cpprbcgf yeihms i﬊igtevi aiy hi`ntfs bo 334 br 3?6 dets Dut 7MIW, wfi` use`n b`hy 334 dets, es stehh vuh`ircdhi tb cttcgas sugf cs gfbsi`-phce`tixt cttcgas. cttcgas. Chsb, se`gi 7MIW es c luhte-stip i`grypteb` prbgiss use`n twb br tfrii i`grypteb` aiys, c strb`nir strb`nir,, lbri i﬇gei`t litfbm wcs `iimim. E` 355> @EW] stcrtim c prbgiss tb emi`teoy c riphcgili`t obr MIW. @EW] e`vetim gryptbnrcpfy c`m mctc sigurety spigechests orbl crbu`m tfi wbrhm tb pcrtegepcti e` tfi mesgusseb` c`m sihigteb` prbgiss. Oevi i`grypteb` chnbretfls wiri cmbptim obr stumy. ]frbunf c prbgiss bo gb`si`sus tfi i`grypteb` chnbretfl

© 4:3? ]bw`si`m Wigurety

Zcni 77

 

]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

prbpbsim dy tfi Dihnec` gryptbnrcpfirs Kbc` Mcilc` c`m _e`gi`t Tekli` wcs sihigtim. Zrebr tb sihigteb` Mcilc` c`m Tekli` usim tfi `cli Tek`mcih (mirevim orbl tfier `clis) obr tfi chnbretfl. Cotir cmbpteb` tfi i`grypteb` chnbretfl wcs nevi` tfi `cli Cmvc`gim I`grypteb` Wtc`mcrm (CIW) wfegf es e` gbllb` usi tbmcy. E` 4::: @EW] obrlchhy cmbptim tfi CIW i`grypteb` chnbretfl c`m pudhesfim et cs c oimirch stc`mcrm st c`mcrm u`mir tfi misen`cteb` OEZW-35> OEZW-35>.. CIW i`grypteb` usis c se`nhi aiy cs c pcrt bo tfi i`grypteb` prbgiss. ]fi aiy gc` di 346 dets (3? dytis), 354 dets (4= dytis), br 49? dets (74 dytis) e` hi`ntf. Nevi` tfct tfi ocstist gblputir wbuhm tcai dehheb`s bo yicrs tb ru` tfrbunf iviry pirlutcteb` bo c 49?-det aiy, CIW es gb`semirim c` ixtrilihy siguri i`grypteb` stc`mcrm. ]fes dre`ns us tb tbmcy. tbmcy. CIW es c viry sbpfestegctim i`grypteb` stc`mcrm wetf c` i`grypteb` aiy c`m gc` wetfstc`m tfi b`shcunft bo tfi ocstist gblputirs. Et―s b`hy vuh`ircdehety2 ]fi i`grypteb` aiys ochhe`n e`tb tfi wrb`n fc`ms. ]fct es wfy, cotir ybu fcvi miphbyim ybur i`grypteb`, ybur dist he`i he `i bo mioi`si es c rbdust i`grypteb` aiy lc`cnili`t strctiny strctiny..

© 4:3? ]bw`si`m Wigurety

Zcni 7=

 

]fi Miffi`etevi Nuemi tb I`grypteb` Aiy Lc`cnili`t Ou`mcli`tchs

CDBY] ]B^@WI@M WIGYTE]U ]bw`si`m Wigurety es c hicme`n prbvemir bo i`grypteb` c`m aiy lc`cnili`t systils obr bvir 4: yicrs. ^i fihp icgf c`m iviry b`i bo bur gustblirs cgfeivi e`mustry stc`mcrm mctc prbtigteb` c`m liit gblphec`gi rinuhcteb`s e` hiss teli c`m ct c` c﬊brmcdhi pregi. ]bw`si`m Wigurety prbvemis gblpc`eis wetf gbsti﬊igtevi, icsy-tb-usi, @EW] gblphec`t CIW i`grypteb` c`m OEZW 3=:-4 gblphec`t i`grypteb` aiy lc`cnili`t sbhuteb`s tb fihp bur gustblirs liit ivbhve`n gblphec`gi riquerili`ts si`setevi e`obrlcteb`.

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