Ek Ruka Hua Faisla Report

Ek Ruka Hua Faisla Report CASE STUDY ASSIGNMENT EK RUKA HUA FAISLA GROUP - 3 Group Members:Amit Pandit Mittal Shah Ramachandran Ravi Kumar Saleem Ali Shaman Singh PLOT SUMMARY: In this movie, the jury of twelve men is entrusted with the power to send an uneducated, teenage boy to the Death Penalty. The crime that the boy is accused of is killing his father with a knife. The jury is locked into a small, claustrophobic room, on a hot summer day, until they come up with a unanimous decision. The decision that is to decide a boy‟s life is to be either guilty or not guilty. The film is particularly important as it examines the twelve men's deep-seated personal prejudices. These are reflected in the perceptual biases and weaknesses, indifference, anger, personalities, unreliable judgments, cultural differences, ignorance and fears, that are in a position to mar their decision-making abilities, and subsequently cause them to ignore the real issues in the case. This can potentially lead them to a miscarriage of justice. What are the key learning for you as leaders?

First and foremost, we learn that every decision should be based on reasonable evidence and it can be dangerous to rush to conclusions. In the movie, most of the Jury members were initially in a hurry to shut the case and pronounce the accused guilty even when they know it‟s a matter of someone‟s life. Only Mr. Raina stands against such a decision and demands that the jury should give appropriate time to the issue and have a healthy discussion on the entire case. Hence, as managers, we should always be dedicated and do a thorough analysis before taking an important decision. The accused in the movie came from a poverty stricken background. Some members of the Jury had preconceived notions against people coming from slums. It was evident in the movie that this preconceived notion had a big impact on their decision as they were stereotyping the accused based on his background. Here, we learn that every decision should be taken on the merit of the case and a good leader should learn to restrict pre conceived notions from having an impact on his decision. It is a good idea to take a step back and have a holistic view of the issue without any prejudice. Mr. Raina comes forth as a man with high self confidence. After the first vote, only Mr. Raina votes “not-guilty”. This is a cause for a great deal of irritation and angst amongst the other Jurors. As a result, Mr. Raina comes under immense pressure to overturn his decision. He is even threatened by few of the members. In spite of this, Mr. Raina maintains his composure and is calm under an almost crisis situation. He does not succumb to pressure and is strong enough to maintain his stand without losing his temper. This is critical leadership learning. As a leader, we are bound to face several situations where the odds can be stacked heavily against us. It will be of utmost importance to keep a cool head in such situations and have the courage to stand by with what we believe in. Also, we can learn a lot from Mr. Raina‟s style of influencing. He influences the other members of the Jury, not by force but the mere strength of his arguments. Also, he influences others by creating uncertainties in their minds and invoking them to re consider the notion that they have already formed. But he allows the other Jurors to analyze the facts presented by him in their own capacity and never forces his opinion on anybody else. In effect, he encourages contribution from everybody else. This gives us a

great example of how to effectively lead from the back. We as leaders should understand that it is not always a good idea to start telling people what to do. Rather, it might be a better idea to present them with facts and let them take their own decisions based on those facts. It is also important to be able to tell the truth rather than trying to deceive others into believing you. The movie also highlights another very strong feature of leadership – Communication. We see that Mr. Raina not only effectively communicates his ideas to other members of the Jury, but also patiently listens to what they have to say on the issue. Hence, we learn the value of effective communication for a leader. A leader can make the others feel worthy by effective listening skills. It is also very important to put your thoughts in clear and concise manner so that there is no room for ambiguity and communication has the desired effect. Another leadership quality portrayed in the movie was that of Integrity. A person with Integrity never veers from his inner values, even when it might be easy to do so. Mr. Raina portrayed integrity by standing for what he believed in. There are several instances in the movie when other Jurors ask if he thinks the accused is not guilty, and Mr. Raina is never hesitant to respond by saying that he is not sure. He tells the truth rather than taking an extreme stand. Also, Subhash Udagane shows integrity when he encourages Aziz Qureshi (advertising professional) to take a decision based on what he believed in rather than to just be with the majority. Subhash does this even when Aziz was changing his decision to match what Subhash also believed in. We learn that Integrity is a key attribute of a leader, one that he should try to never forego. Also, Mr. Raina showcases a high degree of emotional intelligence. He showed the ability to identify, assess, and control the emotions of himself, of other Jurors, and of the entire Jury. In the end, we will like to mention that Mr. Raina‟s role is a classic example of Socratic Leadership. In the writings of Plato, Socrates talks with people, continually asking questions, probing assumptions, letting the flaws in an argument show themselves, and helping the other Athenian citizens find their own way to greater reasoning and truth. He took great pleasure in

pulling people into conversation, questioning their dismantling their philosophies by turning their own logic Raina follows a similar approach in the movie and questions, listening attentively, investigating deeper others.

assertions, and against them. Mr. leads by asking and encouraging

______________ Describe all the 12 people and their leadership style taking any leadership model? Why you say so? We are analysing the leadership style of all the people with respect to „Situational theory of leadership‟ as proposed by Hersey and Blanchard in the combined grid approach. According to this theory, leadership is function of situation and an effective leader is one who assesses the situation accurately, uses a style appropriate to the situation, inflexible, and is also able to influence and alter the situation. Juror-1 - Deepak kajariwal-Moderator/Mentor He displays the regulating behaviour in the respect that he engages in one way communication, spells out the group members roles, Do‟s & Do Not‟s and closely supervises the group members. He attempts to keep order and procedure in group discussion. His main role is to maintain the correctness of group discussion and stop the group members into getting into irrelevant discussions. He is a person who is active personality by his role and nature. Other members of the group support the initiative taken by him. Juror – 2 - Amitabh Srivastava He is a timid personality and not confident as this is his first assignment in jury procession. He is easily influenced and commendable. Even though initially he is not an active initiator, but later on he actively participates in the discussion and confronts the elder group member about their view points. He got good analytic skills and came up with valid points about the time taken by lady witness. He is good listener and follower and gives upmost respect to elders. In respect of situational theory of Leadership,hedisplays consulting style.

Juror – 3 - Pankaj Kapoor He is the most criticizing member of the group. Initially he plays the role of most angry character and he is falsely convinced that the accused is a murderer based on his personal experiences with his son who deserted him. His relationship with his son makes him feel angry towards all young people thereby influencing his vote. As the time goes by, he becomes more personally involved. His behaviour is that of a rigid proud person who never takes the others view/points in positive way. He is very active in decision making but in destructive way and he wants to dominate the younger members of the group. His logical thinking is constrained by his emotional aggressiveness. He displays the Leadership style. Juror – 4 - S.M.Zaheer ( Stock Broker by profession) He is decent, well dressed and unemotional who seems to base his decision on solid facts and logic. He is well disciplined and guides the group members whenever they are engaged in irrelevant discussions. During the entire discussion, he is very calm, composed and patient. He shows the supportive style of leadership and provides a great deal of direction based on facts and logic. He accepts the counter arguments based on the analysis and strength. He proves to be a good team member and all team members accepts his logic and rationale. Juror – 5 - Subash Udagane He has spent his earlier life in slums same as accused and understands the position of the accused. He does not react to the adverse preconceived notions of the other group members about the accused. He is a good listener in the group and stays cool and composed. He analysed the situation very carefully and proved that the accused couldn‟t have killed his father in the manner as believed by the other group members. He displays the nurturing style of leadership as he listens and facilitates the decision making process. Juror – 6 - Hemant Mishra Initially he seems to very passive in group discussion and does not show much contribution in decision making process. He does not shy away from

voicing his opinion and regulates other group members when they try to show disrespect to the eldest group member. Even though he was convinced that the accused is a murderer, but later on he changes his position based on the arguments of K.K.Raina. Juror - 7 - M.K.Raina (Sales man by profession) He is always shows his joyous character and initially seems to be uninterested in the discussion. He lacks the focus on the assignment and seems to be interested in entertainment/personal interests. He is a selfcantered person who is worried about his own likings. His personal affairs are more important than the life of the employ thus showing his character of irresponsibility towards society. He acts like a child and does not actively supports the decision making process. He displays the delegating style of leadership. Juror – 8 - K.K.Raina (Architect by profession) He is a composed, self-disciplined and strong character who believes in logical reasoning and is not afraid of voicing his opinion in the group even though opposed by the group members. He is very constructive in nature and understands the role as jury member and realizes that the life of a boy is the hands of Jury member‟s final decision. He is a good listener and analyses the every argument carefully. He presents his points very boldly in front of the group with solid facts and great conviction. Initially, though the group members hasn‟t shown interest in his views, he went on convince the group members about the need for thorough considerations of the issue which later on were accepted by the group members. He displays the nurturing style of leadership. Juror – 9 - Anu Kapoor He is the oldest person in the group who seems to very wise and experienced. He displays deep understanding and helps the group members to realize that the lady witness was not telling the truth. He is a good judge of character and reads people very fast. He is very patient but sometimesgets agitated by inappropriate behaviour of the group members. Though he is very old, still takes active participation in arguments and decision making. He displays the supportive style of Leadership.

Juror – 10 - Subhi Raj He is the most destructive member of the group and has very fixed opinions which are highly biased and prejudiced. His arguments lack logic, analysis and thorough analysis. His mind is present and not opens to other members arguments. He is not a good team member and often verbally abuses the group members. He displays the destructive regulating style. Juror – 11 - Shailendra Goel He comes as one of the most matured character who seems to be in control of him almost all the time. Initially he does not seem to be contributing too much to the discussion but whenever he argues; his arguments are based on fact and conviction. He disapproves the uncultured behaviour of the sum of group members in very cultured and decent way. He displays the delegating style of life style. Juror – 12 - Aziz Qureshi ( Advertising is the profession) His character is very unique and indifferent compared to that of the other group members. Most of the times, he is busy in solving puzzles and doesn‟t actively participate in the discussions. He is not serious about his role and doesn‟t realise that this assignment is very important for saving the life of the boy. He displays passive delegate style of leadership. ______________ How different is Mr. K.K Raina's leadership Style? Discuss. The main protagonist was the juror # 8 played by Mr.K.K.Raina. The character demonstrates great leadership skills. Even-though in the beginning, he was the only person against 11 jurors, he eventually convinced people that the case was not as simple and straight as it was laid out to be. He tells them that according to him there are various loopholes in the case which needs to be discussed and scrutinized in order to reach a fair judgment. He believes in logically approaching the discussion and hence convinced everyone to do the same. Being an architect and a thorough hardworker, he had devotedly studied his case,

the witness and the crime scene to come up with any loopholes which will help them to reach a conclusion about the case. Being the leader that he is, he believes in his gut feeling and follows it right from the beginning till the end. His greatest strength was the ability to positively influence others. Initially he plays the devil‟s advocate though, as it later becomes clear, he believes that the boy is not guilty. He does this to avoid personal confrontation and hatred that is usually directed towards a lone dissenter. Instead of taking a stand, he employs a democratic leadership style asking the other members to discuss the case with an open-mind as he says “merakhayalhai, baatcheet”. By looking at the facts from a new angle, the architect makes the group members to reconsider their stands, and encourages them to delve further into the generally accepted truths. Another leadership skill that the Mr.K.K.Raina shows is the focus on task at hand. As the majority group indulges in socializing like “eklatifasunatahun” or as they play tic-tac-toe, the architect refocuses them on the task of reaching a consensus. This task orientation is a must for a group to reach any decision. Also, he forces the group to take responsibility for their actions by reminding them over and over of the importance of the task they are to perform. His Leadership has been analysed under different theories as shown below. Trait theory As per trait theory, Mr.K.K.Raina possesses some inherent traits which makes him a good leader. His characteristic under different trait theories are summarized below. * From Stodgill‟s characteristic trait‟s table (Exhibit 21.2, Trait‟s and skills of leaders) followingtrait‟sand skills of Mr.K.K.Raina were noted: Traits Possessed by Mr.K.K.Raina | Skills of Mr.K.K.Raina | Adaptable to situations | Intelligent |

Assertive | Diplomatic and tactful | Co-operative | Fluent in speaking | Decisive | Knowledgeable about group task | Stress Tolerant | Organized | Desire to influence others | Persuasive | Energetic | Socially skilled | Persistent | | Self-confident | | * Mccall and Lombardo :-Mr.K.K.Raina was emotionally stable and composed, has good interpersonal skills and had an intellectual breadth ( although being an architect he shows good skills in analyzing a crime scene), which as per Mccall and Lombardo‟s theory makes him a successful leader. * Bennis and Thomas :- The leadership characteristics as suggested by Bennis and Thomas were displayed by Mr.K.K.raina. These include adaptive capacity, engaging others by creating shared meaning and voice (which showed his self-confidence, purpose and self-awareness). Behavioral Theory : * Under the University of Iowa‟s studies – Kurt lewin studies, Mr.K.K.Raina‟s leadership could be classified as a democratic leadership. He involves other members actively and asks them for their point of view and is ready to discuss his view‟s as well, before the group takes a final decision. Contingency Theory: * Fiedler‟s Theory: Analyzing as per Fiedler‟s theory , the three aspects which determines effectiveness are leader-member relations, task structure and leader‟s position power. These were poor, unstructured and strong

respectively, in case of Mr.K.K.Raina. This suggests that given the circumstances, Mr.K.K.Raina was a task oriented leader. Situational Theory: * Hersey and Blanchard‟s theory: As per the parameters of high or low task and relationship concern, Mr.K.K.Raina‟s leadership could be classified as a supportive leadership. He provides a great deal of direction and leads with his ideas. He also attempts to discover the group‟s feeling, as well as encourages eliciting their ideas and suggestions. By this he increases two way communication and these results in his support building gradually. Leadership Functions theory: Under this theory Mr.K.K.Raina‟s leadership could be described as Transformational Leadership. Mr.K.K.Raina has inspired the other jury members to transcend their own self- interest in order to have a meaningful and healthy analysis of the case. He has also shown the following characteristic of transformational leadership a. He had a profound impact on the other jury members with his view of the case. b. He managed to change the awareness of the members c. He also paid attention to the member‟s issue and their point of view and then came up with counter-arguments. d. He excited and inspired juror‟s to put forth extra efforts. E.g. He enacted the scene where the old man came out of his bed to see the criminal running down the stairs. Here Mr.K.K.Raina inspired some of the juror‟s to help him enact the scene. e. Mr.K.K.Raina had a clarity of mission right from the start of the jury‟s meeting. ______________ Other Organizational Behavior learning. Discuss. We can classify some other learning into following categories:

* Conflict, Power & Politics: There were many examples of conflicts between the jurors. These conflicts occur when there is a difference between information, beliefs, values interest desires etc. these could also be defined as rivalries in which one person or group competes with other. Next is Power which the capacity Juror 8 showed to change other juror‟s decision. Last is politics which was displayed by Juror 3 & juror 10 as an attempt to influence the distribution of favors within the group. * Stereotyping / Prototyping / Prejudice: The last person who changed his opinion that the accused was not guilty was actually having a perceptual error of stereotyping. In the past, his son, a teenager once had (physical) fight with him & because of this incident he made a general perception that all teenagers are irresponsible & could indulge in crime very easily. * Halo Effect: One of the juror (second from the last to change his opinion) exhibited sign of halo effect, where he was overwhelmed with one aspect of evidence (such as the boy didn't remember character from the film that he watched that night) This juror continued to focus on only one or two aspect of evidence & missed on other aspects which he later realized & changed his opinion. * Perception: One of the jurors had a very selective perception he just accepted the evidence on its face value & made up his mind which was easier for him to believe. He considered the evidence were sufficient enough to term the boy guilty without giving any proper thought on evidence as a whole. * Projection: According to one of the juror (seconded by several other others too) the accused comes from slum & poor background. The boy also had a history where he was involved in some kind of theft etc. Hence according to these jurors in light of available evidence the boy is guilty for sure. They projected the slum background as most of the criminals come from poor & slum background. * Self fulfilling prophecy: One of the jurors had his own self fulfilling prophecy that, given the testimony by witness &the boy once told he will kill his father. According to him it is enough & reasonable proof to consider him guilty.

* Transactional Analysis: We see various examples of all the three types of Transactional analysis i.e.: * Structural Analysis: Parent, Child & Adult. * Interaction Analysis: * Complementary Transaction: eg. Adult to Adult * Crossed Transaction: eg. Parent to child * Ulterior Transaction: eg. Adult to Adult in Overt way and Adult to child in Covert way * Life Position Analysis: * I m OK, U r OK. * I m OK, U r not OK. * I m not OK, U r OK. * I m nor OK, U r not OK. * Games Analysis: Series of Ulterior Transactions with a gimmick. * Script Analysis: Sophisticated & Complex part of TA. * Team: In the movie a team was formed for carrying out a specific job of find the boy Guilty or not Guilt. * Group Dynamics: In the movie, all the juror had different personalities but a common consensus was to formed hence involvement of every juror was required. * Group Effectiveness: Earlier there were 11 out of 12 jurors who said the boy was guilty. But latter they all agreed that the boy was not guilty. * Diverse Ideas: Every Juror had a different idea and had many conflicts among each other. These brainstorming led to the exposing of all those facts which were not even thought of during the trial.

______________________