Ejercicios Ciclo Rankine y Refrigerativo 2015-I

 

Kckfi rhegcem 8) ]eh pfheth dm pitmekch dm vhpir dm hbuh ipmrh me ue kckfi Zhegcem kie rmkhfmeth`cmeti y rmbmemrhkcûe, kie ue rmkhfmethdir y dis khfmethdirms dm hbuh dm hfc`methkcûe, uei hjcmrti y uei kmrrhdi. Mf vhpir metrh h fh turjceh dm hfth prmscûe h 8= @^h y 1>>¾K y h fh turjceh dm jhlh prmscûe h 8 @^h y =>>¾K. Fh prmscûe dmf kiedmeshdir ms dm = g^h. Mf vhpir sm mxtrhm dm fh turjceh dm jhlh  prmscûe h >,1 @^h phrh mf khfmethdir hjcmrti hjcmrti y h >,: @^h phrh mf kmrrhdi. Me mf khfmethdir kmrrhdi, kmrrhdi, mf hbuh dm hfc`methkcûe sm hjcmrti khfcmethki`i ohsthfàqucdi fh `èxc`h tm`pmrhturh piscjfm. Mf hbuh hjhedieh mf kiedmeshdir y mf khfmethdir shturhdi. Mf kiedmeshdi rmkibcdi me mf khfmethdir kmrrhdi (fàqucdi shturhdi) sm ji`jmh ohkch mf khfmethdir hjcmrti. H`jhs turjcehs tcmeme ueh mackcmekch dm ?=% y fhs ji`jhs dm 1>%. h)  Mfhjirm mf msqum`h dm fh pfheth, cdmetcackhedi tidis fis dcspisctcvis qum fh kieair`he.  j)  Dmtmr`cem fhs arhkkciems dm afuli qum sm ushe me fis khfmethdirms dm hbuh dm hfc`methkcûe. k)  Dmtmr`cem fh mackcmekch tãr`ckh dm fh pfheth y fh rmfhkcûe metrm mf trhjhli kiesu`cdi pir fhs  ji`jhs y mf pridukcdi pir fhs turjcehs. turjcehs. d)  Mfhjirm mf dchbrh`h T-s dmf kckfi. m)  Dmtmr`cem kuèeti sm jmemackch fh mackcmekch tãr`ckh dm fh pfheth kie mf usi dmf rmkhfmeth`cmeti y fh rmbmemrhkcûe. ^hrh mffi, ki`phrm fh mackcmekch khfkufhdh me fh phrtm (;) kie fh qum tmedràh ue kckfi sc`pfm qum ipmrm metrm fis `cs`is fà`ctms dm prmscûe y tm`pmrhturh. @hetmebh fis `cs`is vhfirms phrh fhs mackcmekchs dm fis dcspisctcvis. :) Fh pfheth dm pitmekch dm vhpir qum sm `umstrh me fh acburh ipmrh dm hkumrdi h ue kckfi Zhegcem kie rmkhfmeth`cmeti y rmbmemrhkcûe, phrh fi kuhf m`pfmh ue rmkhfmethdir, ue khfmethdir dm hbuh dm hfc`methkcûe kmrrhdi (KHK) y uei hjcmrti (KHH). Mf vhpir metrh h fh turjceh dm hfth prmscûe (TH^) h 8> @^h y 1>>¾K, sm mxphedm ohsth :,= @^h, sm rmkhfcmeth me fh khfdmrh ohsth =>>¾K y sm mxphedm me fh turjceh dm jhlh prmscûe (TJ^) ohsth fh prmscûe dmf kiedmeshdir dm 8> g^h. [m ohkme mxtrhkkciems dm vhpir h 4 @^h phrh mf KHK y h 2>> g^h phrh mf KHH. Me mf KHK mf hbuh dm hfc`methkcûe sm khfcmeth ohsth fh tm`pmrhturh dm kiedmeshkcûe dmf vhpir privmecmetm dm fh turjceh. Mf kiedmeshdi qum sm air`h me mf kiedmeshdir y me mf KHK sm mxtrhm ki`i fàqucdi shturhdi, mstrhebufèedism mstm üftc`i ohkch mf KHH. Mf hbuh dm hfc`methkcûe shfm dmf KHH ki`i fàqucdi shturhdi. Mf rmedc`cmeti csimetrûpcki dm fh TH^ ms dm 3:% y dm fh TJ^ ms dm 3>%. Mf rmedc`cmeti csimetrûpcki dm h`jhs ji`jhs ms dm 3>%. a)  Dmtmr`cem fhs arhkkciems dm vhpir mxtrhàdhs dm h`jhs turjcehs ohkch fis khfmethdirms dm hbuh dm hfc`methkcûe. b)  Dmtmr`cem mf trhjhli emti dmf kckfi, me gL/gb. o)  Dmtmr`cem mf rmedc`cmeti tãr`cki dmf kckfi. c)  Dmtmr`cem fh shfcdh emth dm pitmekch phrh ue afuli `èscki tithf dm 4> gb/s, me gR.  l)  Mfhjirm mf dchbrh`h T-s dmf kckfi.

 

  ;) ]eh pfheth dm pitmekch dm vhpir dm hbuh ipmrh me ue kckfi Zhegcem kie rmkhfmeth`cmeti y rmbmemrhkcûe, kie ue rmkhfmethdir y trms khfmethdirms dm hbuh dm hfc`methkcûe, dis hjcmrtis y uei kmrrhdi. Mf vhpir metrh h fh turjceh dm hfth prmscûe h 8> @^h y ==>¾K y h fh turjceh dm jhlh prmscûe h >.? @^h y =>>¾K. Fh prmscûe dmf kiedmeshdir ms dm 8> g^h. Dmf vhpir qum shfm dm fh khfdmrh (msthdi ?), fh arhkkcûe ‖w‐ ms mstrhebufhdh ohsth ueh prmscûe dm : @^h y mevchdh ohkch mf KHHK. Hdm`ès, sm fh arhkkcûe dm vhpir ‖y‐ dm turjceh dm hfthdmprmscûe h 8 @^h mf KHHH#: 3) ‖y mxtrhm sm mxtrhm fh arhkkcûe dm vhpir ‖z‐fh dm fh turjceh jhlh prmscûe h phrh >,1 @^h phrh mf (msthdi KHHH#8 (msthdi 8:). Me mf khfmethdir kmrrhdi, mf hbuh dm hfc`methkcûe sm khfcmeth ohsth fh `èxc`h tm`pmrhturh piscjfm. Mf hbuh qum hjhedieh mf kiedmeshdir, fis khfmethdirms hjcmrtis y mf khfmethdir kmrrhdi (msthdi 8=), mstè ki`i fàqucdi shturhdi. Fh turjceh dm hfth prmscûe tcmem ueh mackcmekch dm ?=% y fh dm jhlh prmscûe dm ?>%. Tidhs fhs ji`jhs tcmeme ueh mackcmekch dm 2>%. g)  Dmtmr`cem fhs arhkkciems dm afuli ‖w‐, ‖y‐ y ‖z‐ qum q um sm ushe me fis khfmethdirms dm hbuh dm hfc`methkcûe. f)  Dmtmr`cem fh mackcmekch tãr`ckh dm fh pfheth y fh rmfhkcûe metrm mf trhjhli kiesu`cdi pir fhs  ji`jhs y mf pridukcdi pir fhs turjcehs. turjcehs. `)  Mfhjirm mf dchbrh`h T-s dmf kckfi.

 

4) Fh acburh `umstrh ue kckfi dm pitmekch dm vhpir kie rmkhfmeth`cmeti y rmbmemrhkcûe. Mekietrhrè hfbueis dhtis tmr`idceè`ckis phrh fh pfheth me fh thjfh hemxh. Fhs turjcehs tcmeme mackcmekchs dm ?=% y fhs ji`jhs pumdm kiescdmrhrfhs rmvmrscjfms. Hsu`h qum mf hbuh dm hfc`methkcûe shfm dm fis khfmethdirms kmrrhdis (msthdis ; y 4) h fh `èxc`h tm`pmrhturh piscjfm phrh khdh uei dm mffis. Dmtmr`cem< h)  Arhkkciems dm afuli ‖w‐, ‖y‐ y ‖z‐.  ‖z‐.    j)  Zmedc`cmeti tãr`cki dm fh pfheth. k)  Zmfhkcûe metrm mf trhjhli kiesu`cdi kiesu`cdi pir fhs ji`jhs y mf pridukcdi pir fhs turjcehs. Msthdi 8 : ; 4 = 1 2 ? 3 8> 88 8: 8; 84 8= 81 82 8? 83

^(@^h)

T(¾K)

x >

> 8>

=>>

: 8 >,; >,>8

4>> > >

4

o(gL/gbG)

s(gL/gbG)

Q(`;/gb)

 

=) [m dmsmh mstudchr fh ceafumekch dmf eü`mri dm khfmethdirms dm hbuh dm hfc`methkcûe me mf rmedc`cmeti tãr`cki dm ue kckfi Zhegcem me mf kuhf mf vhpir shfm dm fh khfdmrh h 82.= @^h7 ==> iK y kuyh prmscûe me mf kiedmeshdir ms dm 8> g^h. [upiebh qum sm ushe khfmethdirms dm hbuh dm hfc`methkcûe hjcmrtis. Hsu`h qum h fh shfcdh dmf kiedmeshdir y dm fis khfmethdirms hjcmrtis mxcstm fàqucdi shturhdi. Kiescdmrhedi qum mf rmedc`cmeti csmetrûpcki dm fh turjceh ms dm ?=% y mf dm fhs  ji`jhs 3>%, 3>%, dmtmr`cem dmtmr`cem mf rmedc`cmeti rmedc`cmeti tãr`cki dmf dmf kckfi me khdh uei dm fis scbucmetms scbucmetms khsis< h.  [ce khfmethdir dm hbuh dm hfc`methkcûe.  j.  ]shedi ue khfmethdir dm hbuh dm hfc`methkcûe qum ipmrh h 8 @^h. k.  ]shedi dis khfmethdirms dm hbuh dm hfc`methkcûe< ]ei qum ipmrh h ; @^h y mf itri h >.: @^h.

1) ]eh pfheth dm vhpir kie rmkhfmeth`cmeti y rmbmemrhkcûe, qum utcfczh hbuh ki`i susthekch dm trhjhli, auekcieh dm hkumrdi hf dchbrh`h hemxi. Mf hbuh dm hfc`methkcûe h fh shfcdh dmf KHHK ohkch fh khfdmrh (pueti =), hfkhezh fh `èxc`h tm`pmrhturh piscjfm. Dm fh turjceh dm jhlh prmscûe (T:) sm mxtrhm ueh arhkkcûe dm afuli ‖z‐ ohkch mf KHHH cbuhf h >,>1883. Mf trhjhli mspmkàacki bmemrhdi me fh turjceh dm jhlh prmscûe (T:) ms dm 221,: gL pir gb dm vhpir me mf msthdi 1. Fh mackcmekch csimetrûpckh dm fhs ji`jhs ms dm 2=%. Fis dhtis rmsthetms sm mekumetrhe me fh thjfh hemxh. [m pcdm< h)  Ffmehr fhs kifu`ehs kirrmspiedcmetms h fhs prmsciems y methfpàhs dm fh thjfh hemxh.  j)  Dmtmr`cehr fh arhkkcûe dm vhpir mxtrhàdh dm fh turjceh dm hfth prmscûe (T8) ohkch mf KHHK (y). k)  Ohffhr fhs mackcmekchs csimetrûpckhs csimetrûpckhs dm fhs dis turjcehs. d)  Khfkufhr mf rmedc`cmeti tãr`cki dm fh pfheth. m)  Zmhfczhr mf dchbrh`h T-s dmf kckfi.

2) Me ueh pfheth dm pitmekch dm vhpir dm hbuh qum ipmrh dm hkumrdi h ue kckfi Zhegcem kie

rmkhfmeth`cmeti y rmbmemrhkcûe, sm m`pfmhe : khfmethdirms dm hbuh dm hfc`methkcûe, uei

 

hjcmrti y uei kmrrhdi. Mf vhpir qum sm bmemrh me fh khfdmrh metrh h fh turjceh dm hfth prmscûe h 8> @^h y 1>> ¼K, mxphedcãedism me msth turjceh ohsth 8.> @^h, phrh rmkhfmethrsm me fh khfdmrh ohsth =>> ¼K, hetms dm smr mevchdi h fh turjceh dm jhlh prmscûe. Fh prmscûe dmf kiedmeshdir ms = g^h. Fhs mxtrhkkciems dm vhpir ohkch fis khfmethdirms, sm ohkme kie fhs scbucmetms khrhktmràstckhs< Mxtrhkkcûe ^rmscûe (@^h) Khfmethdir tcpi ‖y‐   ‖y‐ >.1 Hjcmrti. ‖z‐   ‖z‐ >.: Kmrrhdi. Me mf khfmethdir kmrrhdi, mf hbuh dm hfc`methkcûe dm fh khfdmrh, sm khfcmeth ohsth fh `èxc`h tm`pmrhturh piscjfm. Mf kiedmeshdi shfm dm h`jis khfmethdirms y dmf kiedmeshdir, ki`i fàqucdi shturhdi. Mf kiedmeshdi privmecmetm dmf khfmethdir kmrrhdi sm ji`jmh ohkch mf khfmethdir hjcmrti. H`jhs turjcehs tcmeme ueh mackcmekch csimetûpckh dm ?=% y, fhs ji`jhs dm 3> %. Dmtmr`cem fi scbucmetm< h)  Msqum`h dm fh pfheth, cdmetcackhedi tidis fis dcspisctcvis qum fh kieair`he.  j)  Arhkkciems `èsckhs qum sm ushe me fis khfmethdirms dm hbuh dm hfc`methkcûe k)  Zmedc`cmeti tãr`cki dmf kckfi y fh rmfhkcûe metrm mf trhjhli kiesu`cdi pir fhs  ji`jhs y mf pridukcdi pir fhs turjcehs d)  Mfhjirm mf dchbrh`h T-s dmf kckfi, cedckhedi fis vhfirms dm prmscûe y dcstrcjukcûe dm fhs arhkkciems m)  [m qucmrm khfkufhr me kuheti sm jmemackch fh mackcmekch tãr`ckh dm fh pfheth kie mf m`pfmi dm fh rmbmemrhkcûe. ^hrh mffi, ki`phrm mf rmedc`cmeti khfkufhdi me fh phrtm (k), kie mf qum sm ijtmedràh me ue kckfi kie rmkhfmeth`cmeti qum ipmrm kie fis `cs`is fà`ctms dm prmscûe y tm`pmrhturh phrh fhs turjcehs y, fh `cs`h prmscûe dmf kiedmeshdir. @hetmebh fis `cs`is vhfirms dm mackcmekchs phrh fis dcspisctcvis, kie mxkmpkcûe dm fh turjceh dm jhlh prmscûe kuyi rmedc`cmeti ei sm kieikm.^hrh mstm eumvi kèfkufihsu`h ue trhjhli emti dm 8=>> gL/gb y dmtmr`cem< m.8) Me kuhetis puetis pirkmetuhfms hu`meth mf rmedc`cmeti kie fh rmbmemrhkcûe m.:) Zmedc`cmeti csimetrûpcki dm fh turjceh dm jhlh prmscûe

Kckfi Zmarcbmrhtcvi 

8) Dmtmr`cem mf kimackcmetm dm ipmrhkcûe y fh pitmekch dm ki`prmscûe dm ue kckfi rmarcbmrhtcvi me khskhdh dm :> tiemfhdhs qum auekcieh kie Armûe 8:. Fhs prmsciems me mf kckfi dm jhlh tm`pmrhturh sie 81> y 4>> g^h y fh prmscûe me mf kiedmeshdir ms dm 8>>> g^h. Kiescdmrm ue sijrmkhfmeth`cmeti dm =¾K me mf mvhpirhdir y ue sujmearch`cmeti dm ;¾K me mf kiedmeshdir. Fh dcamrmekch dm tm`pmrhturh `àec`h metrm fis dis afulis me mf cetmrkh`jchdir dm khfir qum kiemkth fis kckfis ms dm =¾K. Dmf cetmrkh`jchdir dm khfir shfm vhpir shturhdi ohkch mf ki`prmsir dmf kckfi dm hfth tm`pmrhturh y shfm fàqucdi shturhdi ohkch fh vèfvufh dmf kckfi dm jhlh tm`pmrhturh. Fh mackcmekch dm fis ki`prmsirms ms dm ?>%.

 

:) ]e scstm`h dm rmarcbmrhkcûe pir ki`prmscûe dm vhpir sc`pfm qum ipmrh kie Armûe 8: y tcmem ueh khphkcdhd rmarcbmrhtcvh dm 8> tiemfhdhs, ms utcfczhdi phrh fh kiesmrvhkcûe dm aruths. Fis fà`ctms dm  prmscûe dmf kckfi kckfi sie :>> g^h y 8>>> g^h. Fis ecvmfms ecvmfms dm sijrmkhfmeth` sijrmkhfmeth`cmeti cmeti y sujmearc sujmearch`cmeti h`cmeti sie h`jis dm 8>¾K. Mf ki`prmsir ms hdchjètcki, kie ueh mackcmekch csimetrûpckh dm ?>%. [m pcdm khfkufhr<

Kimackcmetm dm ipmrhkcûe (82 ptis). h) j) Tcm`pi me oirhs qum dm`irh mstm scstm`h me mearchr 8>>> gb dm phtcffh dmsdm ;>¾K ohsth 2¾K. Hsu`h qum fhs pripcmdhdms dm fh phtcffh sie sc`cfhrms h fhs dmf hbuh fàqucdh (? ptis).

;) Kiescdmrm ue kckfi dm rmarcbmrhkcûe pir ki`prmscûe dm vhpir dm dis mthphs kie mearch`cmeti rmbmemrhtcvi cetmr`mdci, cetmr`mdc i, mf kuhf ipmrh metrm fis fà`ctms dm prmscûe dm >.8? y 8.: @^h. Mf afucdi dm trhjhli ms rmarcbmrhetm 8;4h, phrh mf kuhf sm hemxhe hf acehf dmf mxh`me fhs thjfhs dm dhtis tmr`idceè`ckis emkmshrchs. Mf rmarcbmrhetm shfm dmf kiedmeshdir ki`i ue fàqucdi shturhdi y sm mstrhebufh me dcrmkkcûe h fh kè`hrh smphrhdirh dm ahsms qum ipmrh h >.;: @^h., me fh kuhf phrtm dmf rmarcbmrhetm sm mvhpirh, y mstm vhpir ms `mzkfhdi kie mf rmarcbmrhetm qum shfm dmf ki`prmsir dm jhlh  prmscûe. Msth `mzkfh `mzkfh sm ki`prc`m ki`prc`m me mf ki`prmsir ki`prmsir dm hfth prmscûe ohsth ohsth fh prmscûe dmf dmf kiedmeshdir. kiedmeshdir. Mf fàqucdi qum shfm dmf smphrhdir sm mstrhebufh ohsth fh prmscûe dmf mvhpirhdir y rm`umvm 8> tiemfhdhs dm rmarcbmrhkcûe dmf msphkci rmarcbmrhdi. [upiebh qum mf rmarcbmrhetm shfm dmf mvhpirhdir ki`i vhpir shturhdi, qum h`jis ki`prmsirms tcmeme ueh mackcmekch csimetrûpckh dm 2?% y qum ei ohy itrhs pãrdcdhs. Dmtmr`cem< h)  Zmprmsmetm mf kckfi me ue dchbrh`h T-s (= ptis)  j)  Afuli `èscki qum kcrkufh pir mf mvhpirhdir me gb/`ce (= ptis) k)  ^itmekch dm metrhdh hf ki`prmsir dm jhlh prmscûe me gcfivhtcis (= ptis) d)  Afuli `èscki dm vhpir qum shfm dm fh kè`hrh dm mvhpirhkcûe cesthetèemh (= ptis) m)  Kimackcmetm dm auekcieh`cmeti, KI^, dmf kckfi (8= ptis) a)  Dmtmr`cem kuheti vhràh pirkmetuhf`metm mf KI^ kie rmspmkti h ue kckfi sc`pfm qum ipmrm metrm fis `cs`is fà`ctms dm prmscûe, `hetmecmedi cbuhf fh mackcmekch csimetrûpckh dm fh ki`prmscûe y fhs `cs`hs kiedckciems h fh shfcdh dmf kiedmeshdir y dmf mvhpirhdir. (8> ptis)

 

4) ]e rmarcbmrhdir di`ãstcki dm ki`prmscûe dm vhpir ush rmarcbmrhetm Z-8;4h. Mf kiebmfhdir sm mearàh mvhpirhedi mf rmarcbmrhetm h 811.1 g^h ohsth ue msthdi sijrmkhfmethdi =¾K. Mf rmarcbmrhetm sm kiedmesh h 8:8:.; g^h ohsth ue msthdi sujmearchdi 8>¾K, dmspuãs dm fi kuhf phsh ohkch mf mvhpirhdir h trhvãs dm ueh vèfvufh dm mxphescûe hdchjètckh. Fh mackcmekch csimetrûpckh khfkufhdh dmf ki`prmsir ms dm 3>%. Mf afuli `èscki dm rmarcbmrhetm ms dm 2 gb/o. @umstrm mf kckfi dm rmarcbmrhkcûe me ue dchbrh`h T-s y dmtmr`cem< h)  Fh khphkcdhd tãr`ckh dmf rmarcbmrhdir me Qhtcis (R).  j)  Fh vmfikcdhd dm su`cecstri dm pitmekch rmqumrcdh, me R, pir mf ki`prmsir dmf rmarcbmrhdir. k)  Mf kimackcmetm dm ipmrhkcûe dmf kckfi.

=) Kiescdmrm ue kckfi dm rmarcbmrhkcûe pir ki`prmscûe dm vhpir dm dis mthphs kie mearch`cmeti rmbmemrhtcvi cetmr`mdci, mf kuhf ipmrh metrm fis fà`ctms dm prmscûe dm >.: y 8 @^h. Mf afucdi dm trhjhli ms h`iechki. ^hrh mf ki`prmsir dm jhlh prmscûe fh mackcmekch hdchjètckh ms dmskieikcdh, `cmetrhs qum fh mackcmekch dmf ki`prmsir dm hfth prmscûe ms dm 2>%, fis dhtis dm ipmrhkcûe sm `umstrhe me fh thjfh hemxh. ^hrh fh sctuhkcûe pfhetmhdh sm dmsmh kieikmr<

8.  :.  ;.  4.  =. 

Fh prmscûe cetmr`mdch dmf kckfi. Fh mackcmekch hdchjètckh dmf ki`prmsir dm jhlh prmscûe Khfir rmkohzhdi me mf kiedmeshdir Mf kimackcmetm dm rmhfczhkcûe dmf kckfi Zmprmsmetm mf prikmsi me ue dchbrh`h T-s

Mdi

^ W@^hP

8 : ; 4

T W¼KP

_

` W g b / s P  

> => 8

:>

=

 

= 1 2 ? 3

8 > >,:

:,8=