Ejemplo de MARCO SITUACIONAL

 

9.>

@CWYJGVKK@ÛC

Fb luc`k`p`j gf Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn, sf knrnktfr`zn pjr ucn drnc y kjlpbfon vnr`fgng gf fkjs`stflns, s`stflns gf prjgukk`ûc y nsfctnl`fctj eulncjs, bns rfbnk`jcfs quf bbfvnc fctrf fbbjs sjc g`vfrsns fc k`frtjs knsjs luy nct`dujs y gf `dunb lncfrn kjlpbfons. Bns g`st`ctns knrnktfrìst`kns nli`fctnbfs gfb budnr sf kjcs`gfrnc uc kb`ln hr`j, ouctj n bn fkjbjdìn gf kngn kjluc`gng fc fb tfrr`tjr`j eny ucn vnr`fgng gf kubt`vjs, krìn gf nc`lnbfs y bn kjlfrk`nb`znk`ûc gf bjs prjguktjs ndrjpfkunr`js. Bn lnyjrìn gf bjs prjguktjrfs quf kjsfkenc dfcfrnblfctf bj vfcgfc kjlj lntfr`n pr`ln s`c `ckjrpjrnr gf uc vnbjr ndrfdngj. Bn drnc `lpjrtnck`n n bn ejrn gf gftfrl`cnr bns pjtfck`nb`gngfs gf gfsnrrjbbj gf kngn kjluc`gng, bn bnijr gf tjgjs bjs kjlucnr`js gfb luc`k`p`j bjs quf trninonc fc bn prjgukk`ûc ndrjpfkunr`n y dncngfrn yn cj fs sjbnlfctf bn gf lnx`l`znr bjs rfcg`l`fctjs= pjrquf s` tjgjs prjgukfc lîs gf g f bj l`slj, fb lfrkngj sf snturnrn y bjs prfk`js inonrnc. Bn tnrfn gfif sfr lfojrnr bn rfctni`b`gng gf bns nkt`v`gngfs rurnbfs. Bn rfd`ûc pjsff fsknsns hufctfs gf ndun quf cj sjc pjs`ibfs gf sfr nprjvfkengns pnrn r`fdj, pjr su inoj knugnb y hnbtn gf `chrnfstrukturn. Bjs rìjs Wnkntn y Kenbbeu`r` sjc bjs quf hbuyfc gf hjrln tflpjrnb, fb ndun pnrn kjcsulj prjv`fcf gf vfrt`fctfs y jojs gf ndun. Bn pjibnk`ûc fs pr`ck`pnblfctf nylnrn (pfrtfcfk`fctf nb Onke‐n

Knrncdns), jrdnc`zngn fc tjrcj nb G`str`tj Luc`k`pnb @cgìdfcn gfb Nybbu Weuwnþn.

9.9

NCWFKFGFCWF[ GF BN @C[W@WVK@ÛC

Fb Luc`k`p`j gf Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn fs bn tfrkfrn [fkk`ûc gf bn Qrjv`ck`n bn Qrjv`ck`n B`tjrnb gfb Gfpnrtnlfctj gfb  Gfpnrtnlfctj gf Jrurj gf gf Ijb`v`n.  Ijb`v`n.   Bn sfkk`ûc luc`k`pnb huf krfngn pjr Bfy gf 94 gf lnrzj gf >051, gurnctf bn prfs`gfck`n gf Byg`n gf  Byg`n Duf`bfr Wfongn.  Wfongn.  Fstf luc`k`p`j huf gfs`dcngj kjlj bn tfrkfrn sfkk`ûc gf bn prjv`ck`n y sf gfbfdû n Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn kjlj puctj h`oj pnrn rfknugnr bjs tr`iutjs gf bjs nybbus pnrn bn kjrjcn fspnþjbn bj quf sf gfcjl`cû Onkekjc Onke‐n ‐n Lnrmn drncgf, pjr uc fb knl`cj enk`n Q`s`dn Ijbìvnrpjr j Wjgjs [nctjs, hrjctfrn Ke`bf jsft`frrn pufgf nprfk`nr trfkej gf ucn nct`dun vìn flpfgrngn quf huf tfst`dj gfb pnsj gf bjs knrrunofs nrrnstrngjs pjr lubns quf trnsbngninc prjguktjs enk`n bjs pufrtjs gfb jkàncj Qnkìh`kj, tnli`àc gf bjs quf bbfdninc n fstjs pnrn sfr `ctfrcngjs fc fb Nbtj Qfrÿ y lîs tnrgf fc bn Yfpÿib`kn gf Ijb`v`n. Fb luc`k`p`j gf Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn pjr tfcfr fc su tfrr`tjr`j nb kfrrj bbnlngj fb Gjktjr Wucnr`, quf sfdÿc bns krffck`ns fs v`s`tngj pnrn pfg`rbf g`cfrj fsfck`nblfctf y ndrngfkfrbf hnvjrfs rfk`i`gjs sjc bns kjstulirfs gf bn kjluc`gng.

Wnli`àc sf kjcv`frtf fc uc budnr turìst`kj pjr kjctnr kjc tflpbjs kjbjc`nbfs quf sjc pnrtf gf bn kjcstrukk`ûc nrqu`tfktûc`kn kjbjc`nb, bj quf pfrl`tf quf nb budnr bbfdufc jrurfþjs, pfrsjcnb gfb `ctfr`jr y fxtfr`jr gfb pnìs quf sf hufrjc pjr trninoj, kjcv`rt`àcgjsf fstf efkej fc jtrj `cdrfsj fkjcûl`kj pnrn bn pjibnk`ûc gf tjgj fb luc`k`p`j. >

 

9.; 9.;.>

@CHJYLNK@ÛC F[QNK@NB VI@KNK@ÛC DFJDYÎH@KN P B@L@WF[

Fb luc`k`p`j gf Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn sf fckufctrn ui`kngj fc bn bjknb`gng gf Eunkenknbbn Qrjv`ck`n B`tjrnb gfb gfpnrtnlfctj gf Jrurj. B`l`tn nb cjrtf kjc fb Luc`k`p`j gf Fsknrn (Qrjv`ck`n B`tjrnb), nb sur kjc fb luc`k`p`j gf Pucduyj gfb B`tjrnb (Qrjv. B`tjrnb), nb fstf kjc fb luc`k`p`j gf Fsknrn (Qrjv`ck`n B`tjrnb), y nb jfstf kjc fb Luc`k`p`j gf [ninyn (Qrjv`ck`n Ntneunbbpn). H`durn 9.>. Vi`knk`ûc luc`k`p`j Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn ‛ Jrurj

9

 

9.7

FUWFC[@ÛC

Fb luc`k`p`j gf Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn t`fcf ucn fxtfcs`ûc supfrh`k`nb gf 6>5 ml9, y ucn gfcs`gng gfljdrîh`kn 8,;; e. /ml¹

9.6

G@X@[@ÛC QJBÌW@KN P NGL@C@[WYNW@XN

Fb Luc`k`p`j gf Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn kjcstn gf 0 kjluc`gngfs y sjc sj c bns s`du`fctfs?   Eunybbns   Nvnrjn   X`bbn Ijb`vnr   Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn   Hbjr`gn   Ncgnpntn   Qnke`kn   @rupntn   X`bbn Wucnr`   





   

Bn fstrukturn gfb Dji`frcj nutûcjlj Luc`k`pnb gf Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn, fstî fc insf n bn bfy Lnrkj gf ‛Nutjcjlìns Gfskfctrnb`znk`ûc fs gfk`r kjc ; ûrdncjs trjcknbfs? Bfd`sbnt`vj  H`sknb`zngjr,y Fofkut`vj Luc`k`pnbC¿y 1;>, fb kjctrjb sjk`nb. Fb jrdnc`drnln gf luc`k`p`js gf Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn fxprfsngj fc hjrln vfrt`knb, gf nkufrgj n bjs huck`jcnr`js gf pbnctns, fs fb s`du`fctf?  

Kjcsfoj luc`k`pnb   Nbknbgf luc`k`pnb (LNF)   Jh`k`nb lnyjr ngl`c`strnt`vj   Jh`k`nb lnyjr tàkc`kj

Bns huck`jcfs, rfspjcsni`b`gngfs fspfkìh`kns sjc?

9.6.>

C@XFB BFD@[BNW@XJ  ‛ H@[KNB@_NGJY

Jioft`vj? Cjrlnr, h`sknb`znr y gfh`c`r jioft`vjs y fstrntfd`ns gfb Dji`frcj Nutûcjlj Luc`k`pnb gf Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn quf kjcguzknc nb gfsnrrjbbj `ctfdrnb y sjstfc`ibf gfb Luc`k`p`j= fc nrljcìn kjc bn Knrtn Jrdîc`kn Luc`k`pnb y bn Kjcst`tuk`ûc pjbìt`kn gfb Fstngj Qbur`cnk`jcnb.

Huck`jcfs? Qrjljvfr fb lfojrnl`fctj gf bn knb`gng gf v`gn fc fb luc`k`p`j lfg`nctf bn hjrlubnk`ûc y nprjink`ûc gf pjbìt`kns, pbncfs y fstrntfd`ns pnrn fb gfsnrrjbbj `ctfdrnb

;

 

(fkjcûl`kj, sjk`nb, kubturnb y nli`fctnb) gf bn pjibnk`ûc. Fctrf fstns huck`jcfs pjgfljs gfstnknr bns s`du`fctfs? n) Bfd`sbnr fb gfsfcvjbv`l`fctj dfcfrnb gfb Luc`k`p`j= lfg`nctf bn nprjink`ûc gf jrgfcnczns, rfsjbuk`jcfs, rfdbnlfctjs y jtrjs `cstrulfctjs cjrlnt`vjs, fc fb lnrkj gf bn nutjcjlìn luc`k`pnb rfkjcjk`gn pjr bn Kjcst`tuk`ûc Qjbìt`kn gfb Fstngj, Bfy Lnrkj gf Nutjcjlìns, y bfyfs v`dfctfs y kjcfxns. i) H`sknb`znr bns bnijrfs gfb Fofkut`vj Luc`k`pnb, y fc su knsj g`spjcfr su prjkfsnl`fctj `ctfrcj pjr rfspjcsni`b`gng ngl`c`strnt`vn= snck`jcnrbj fc knsj gf fx`st`r rfspjcsni`b`gng fofkut`vn y rfl`t`r jirngjs n bn oust`k`n jrg`cnr`n fc bjs knsjs gf rfspjcsni`b`gng k`v`b j pfcnb, kjcst`tuyàcgjsf fc fstn ÿbt`ln fc pnrtf qufrfbbnctf. k) Gfs`dcnr, fctrf sus l`flirjs, n bns kjl`s`jcfs pfrlncfctfs gf trninoj y n bn kjl`s`ûc gf àt`kn, fc bns pr`lfrns sfs`jcfs jrg`cnr`ns. g) Nprjinr fb Qbnc gf Gfsnrrjbbj Luc`k`pnb, Qbnc gf Jrgfcnl`fctj Vrincj y tfrr`tjr`nb n bjs 81 (sfsfctn) gìns gf su prfsfctnk`ûc, pjr fb Nbknbgf Luc`k`pnb. Fc knsj gf quf fb Kjckfoj Luc`k`pnb cj sf prjcuck`nrn fc fb pbnzj sfþnbngj, g`kejs pbncfs y prjdrnlns sf gnrîc pjr nprjingjs.

9.6.9

C@XFB FOFKVW@XJ

Jioft`vj  Ngl`c`strnr fb Dji`frcj Nutûcjlj Luc`k`pnb gf Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn gf lncfrn trncspnrfctf, fh`k`fctf y fh`knz kjc fb usj rnk`jcnb gf bjs rfkursjs eulncjs, hìs`kjs y h`cnck`frjs pnrn bn ngfkungn prfstnk`ûc gf sfrv`k`js n bn pjibnk`ûc fc prj gf lfojrfs kjcg`k`jcfs gf v`gn.

Huck`jcfs? Fctrf bns huck`jcfs gfb Fofkut`vj Luc`k`pnb pjgfljs gfstnknr? n) Yfprfsfctnr nb Dji`frcj N Nutûcjlj utûcjlj Luc`k`pnb gf K Kruz ruz gf L Lnkenknlnrkn. nkenknlnrkn. i) Qbnc`h`knr, jrdnc`znr, g`r`d`r, kjjrg`cnr y kjctrjbnr bns nkt`v`gngfs ngl`c`strnt`vns, tàkc`kns y h`cnck`frns prjp`ns gf bn luc`k`pnb`gng. k) Fofkutnr bjs pbncfs, prjdrnlns, prjyfktjs y nkt`v`gngfs gf gfsnrrjbbj sjk`nb, kubturnb, urincj ‛ rurnb y nli`fctnb, prfv`stjs fc fb Qbnc jpfrnt`vj Ncunb. g) Qrf Qrfsfctnr sfctnr fb QJN y su prfsupufstj p rfsupufstj gf kngn dfst`ûc, pnrn bn kjcs`gfrnk`ûc gfb kjckfoj Luc`k`pnb gf kjchjrl`gng n bns g`rfktr`kfs flncngns pjr fb Fstngj kfctrnb.

7

 

f) Qrfsfctnr n kjcs`gfrnk`ûc gfb kjckfoj Luc`k`pnb prjyfktjs gf Jrgfcnczns y Yfsjbuk`jcfs luc`k`pnbfs.

9.6.; C@XFB @CWFYLFG@NY@J 9.6.;.> JH@K@NB LNPJY NGL@C@[WYNW@XJ G`spjs`k`jcfs Dfcfrnbfs? Fb Jh`k`nb Lnyjr Ngl`c`strnt`vj gfpfcgf g`rfktnlfctf gfb Nknbgf y sfrî pnrtf gf bn VC@GNG GF QBNC@H@KNK@ÛC, gfb luc`k`p`j. Gfi`gj n bn lndc`tug gfb luc`k`p`j gf Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn= fb Jh`k`nb Lnyjr  Ngl`c`strnt`vj cj kufctn kjc pfrsjcnb gfpfcg`fctf gf fstn uc`gng.  Ngflîs, pjr gfbfdnk`ûc gfb Nbknbgf t`fcf n su knrdj bn supfrv`s`ûc, fvnbunk`ûc y kjjrg`cnk`ûc gf [nbug y Fguknk`ûc. Wnli`àc gfif kjjrg`cnr nkt`v`gngfs gf gfsnrrjbbj rfd`jcnb kjc gflîs nutjr`gngfs yn sfnc fstjs luc`k`pnbfs, k`v`bfs, pjbìt`kns y jr`d`cnr`ns.

Jioft`vj?  Npjynr fhfkt`vnlfctf fc bns dfst`jcfs ngl`c`strnt`vns y h`cnck`frns nb Nbknbgf Luc`k`pnb, ngl`c`strncgj bjs rfkursjs fkjcûl`kjs, lntfr`nbfs, eulncjs y tfkcjbûd`kjs kjc fh`k`fck`n.

Huck`jcfs? n)

Nsfsjrnr nb Nbknbgf Luc`k`pnb fc nsuctjs rfbnk`jcngjs n bn ngl`c`strnk`ûc gf bjs rfkursjs eulncjs, fkjcûl`kjs y lntfr`nbfs.

i)

Kjjrg`cnr nkk`jcfs pnrn prfpnrnr fb Qbnc Jpfrnt`vj Ncunb y Qrfsu Qrfsupufstj pufstj pnrn kngn dfst`ûc y prfsfc prfsfctnr tnr nb Nbknbgf pnrn su kjcs`gfrnk`ûc.

k)

Ngl`c`strnr bjs rfkursjs prjvfc`fctfs gfb WDC, Yfkursjs Qrjp`js, E@QK @@, @GE, y jtrns hufctfs quf sf pufgnc knptnr inoj kjcvfc`js `ctfr`cst`tuk`jcnbfs, fc ntfck`ûc n bns cfkfs`gngfs fstnibfk`gns fc bns nkt`v`gngfs gf huck`jcnl`fctj y prjyfktjs gf `cvfrs`ûc.

g)

Qbnc`h`knr, g`r`d`r y kjctrjbnr, pjr gfbfdnk`ûc gf bn LNF bjs prjk prjkfsjs fsjs gf Kjctrntnk`ûc gf kjlprn g`rfktn, sfdÿc fstnibfkf fb Yfdbnl Yfdbnlfctj fctj Fspfkìh`kj gf  Ngl`c`strnk`ûc gf I`fcfs y [frv`k`js.

f)

[upfrv`snr bn fbnijrnk`ûc gf bjs fstngjs h`cnck`frjs y bjs fstngjs gf fofkuk`ûc prfsupufstnr`n.

Fbnijrnr gf pjbìt`knsy prfsfctnr y fstrntfd`ns gf ngl`c`strnk`ûc gf rfkursjs Eulncjs,prjpufstns lntfr`nbfs, h`cnck`frjs nb Nbknbgf pnrn su kjcs`gfrnk`ûc. 6

 

9.6.;.9

JH@K@NB LNPJY WÀKC@KJ

G`spjs`k`jcfs Dfcfrnbfs? Fb Jh`k`nb Lnyjr Wàkc`kj gfpfcgf g`rfktnlfctf gfb Nknbgf y sfrî pnrtf gf bn VC@GNG GF QBNC@H@KNK@ÛC, gfb luc`k`p`j. Fb/bn Jh`k`nb Lnyjr Wàkc`kj= gfi`gj nb n b tnlnþj gfb Luc`k`p`j cj kufctn kjc pfrsjcnb gf su gfpfcgfck`n.

Jioft`vj? Fofkutnr fh`k`fctflfctf bns pjbìt`kns, pbncfs, prjdrnlns y prjyfktjs gf `cvfrs`ûc prfv`stjs fc fb Qbnc Jpfrnt`vj Ncunb= tnctj fc fb îrfn Vrincn kjlj Yurnb gfb luc`k`p`j= gfctrj fb lnrkj gfb Qbnc gf gfsnrrjbbj Luc`k`pnb y nsfsjrncgj nb Nbknbgf Luc`k`pnb fc bn Dfst`ûc Wàkc`kn gf bn Luc`k`pnb`gng.

Huck`jcfs? n) Kjngyuvnr nb Nbknbgf n pbnc`h`knr, prjdrnlnr, hjrlubnr fb pbnc gf gfsnrrjbbj urincj, rurnb y nli`fctnb g gfb fb luc`k`p`j. i) Hjrlubnr fb Qbnc gf usj gf sufbjs. k) Enkfr kulpb`r bjs rfdbnlfctjs gf usj gf sufbj, pntrjcfs gf nsfctnl`fctj, lîrdfcfs gf tfcfck`n gf t`frrn, y jtrns cjrlns bfdnblfctf fstnibfk`gns quf sustfctnc fb gfsnrrjbbj urincj y rurnb gfb luc`k`p`j. g) [upfrv`snr y rfv`snr bn fbnijrnk`ûc gf bns fspfk`h`knk`jcfs tàkc`kns pnrn bjs prjkfsjs gf ngqu`s`k`ûc gf lntfr`nbfs gf kjcstrukk`ûc jr`fctngjs n prjyfktjs gf ngl`c`strnk`ûc g`rfktn y bjs prjkfsjs gf kjctrntnk`ûc gf Kjcstruktjrns inoj bn ljgnb`gng gf @cv`tnk`ûc G`rfktn, Npjyj Cnk`jcnb n bn Qrjgukk`ûc y Flpbfj (NCQF), y gf B`k`tnk`ûc Qÿib`kn. f) Qnrt`k`pnr fc bjs prjkfsj prjkfsjss gf knb`h`knk`ûc pnrn bn kjctrntnk`ûc gf Jirns.

9.6.7

GF[KY@QK@ÛC GFB ÎYFN

Gf bn knp`tnb Eunkenknbbn pfrtfcfk`fctf n bn prjv`ck`n B`tjrnb sf gfif `r pjr t`frrn n bns 0 kjluc`gngfs gfb luc`k`p`j, bjs gntjs fc t`flpj y g`stnck`n sjc bns s`du`fctfs?

8

 

NKKF[J N BN[ KJLVC@GNGF[ GFB LVC@K@Q@J GF[GF

KJLVC@GNGF[

EVNKENKNBBN (kfctrj pjibngj) N Jrurj >41ml, 7er. Nshnbtj  ‛ W`frrn [f gfif `r n bns kjluc`gngfs fc lnrken j ljv`b`gng.

;.> ;.9 ;.; ;.7 ;.6 ;.8 ;.4 ;.5 ;.0 ;.>1

G@[WNCK@N

EVNPBBN[

9 ml

 NXNYJN

; ml

X@BBN IJB@XNY

> ml

KYV_

GF

8 ml

LNKENKNLNYKN HBJY@GN

>; ml

 NCGNQNWN

0 ml

QNKE@KN QNKJBBJ

>1 ml

@YVQNWN

>1 ml

X@BBN WVCNY@

5 ml

W@FLQJ >6 l`c, ljv`b`gng 71 l`c, lnrken 61 l`c, ljv`b`gng >91 l`c, lnrken 4 l`c, ljv`b`gng 91 l`c, lnrken 61 l`c, ljv`b`gng >61l`c, l`c,ljv`b`gng lnrken 01 961 l`c, lnrken 41 l`c, ljv`b`gng >61 l`c, lnrken 51 l`c, ljv`b`gng >41 l`c, lnrken 51 l`c, ljv`b`gng >41 l`c, lnrken 46 l`c, ljv`b`gng >61 l`c, lnrken

W@QJ GF YJGNGVYN W`frrn W`frrn W`frrn W`frrn W`frrn W`frrn W`frrn W`frrn W`frrn

KJLVC@GNG GF LNKENKNLNYKN KJLVC@GNG GF HBJY@GN KJLVC@GNG GF EVNPBBN[ KJLVC@GNG GF @YVQNWN KJLVC@GNG GF QNKE@KN KJLVC@GNG GF QNKJBBJ KJLVC@GNG GF NCGNQNWN KJLVC@GNG GF X@BBN WVCNY@ KJLVC@GNG GF NXNYJN KJLVC@GNG GF X@BBN IJB@ IJB@XNY XNY

4

 

9.8 9.8.>

@CHJYLNK@ÛC [JK@J KVBWVYNB QJIBNK@ÛC

[fdÿc fst`lnk`jcfs gfb @CF, bn pjibnk`ûc gfb luc`k`p`j gf Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn pnrn fb 911> bn pjibnk`ûc huf gf 580 eni`tnctfs= fb 87,01% (687 eni`tnctfs) v`vfc fc fb luc`k`p`j, fb 94,>8%(9;8 eni`tnctfs) fl`drnrjc n bjs gflîs gfpnrtnlfctjs gf Ijb`v`n y jtrjs nb fxtfr`jr 4,07% (80 eni`tnctfs). Fc fb kfcsj 91>9 bn pjibnk`ûc `ckrflfctj n >084 eni`tnctfs= fb 99,05% (769 eni`tnctfs) v`vfc nktunblfctf fc bns kjluc`gngfs gfb luc`k`p`j, 7;,05% (586 eni`tnctfs) fl`drnrjc n bjs gfpnrtnlfctjs gf (Jrurj, Kjkeninlin, [nctn Kruz, Bn Qnz) y ;;,17% (861 eni`tnctfs) fl`drnrjc n jtrjs pnìsfs (Ke`bf, Nrdfct`cn, Nrdfct`cn, Irns`b, y jtrjs).

QJIBNK@JC GFB LVC@K@Q@J

>111 011 511 411 811 611 711 ;11 911 >11 1

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X@XFC FC FB LVC@K@Q@J

FL@DYNC N BJ[ GFQNYWNLFCWJ[

FL@DYNC NB FUWFY@JY

NÞJ 911>

687

9;8

80

NÞJ 91>9

769

586

861

H`d. Qjibnk`ûc gfb luc`k`p`j

5

 

Fb s`du`fctf drnh`kj drnh`kj cj lufstrn bn pjibnk`ûc gfb luc`k`p`j luc`k`p`j fc pjrkfctnof. QJIBNK@JC GFB LVC@K@Q@J FC QJYKFCW QJYKFCWNOF NOF 51

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4,07 X@XFC FC FB LVC@K@Q@J FL@DYNC N BJ[ GFQNYWNLFCWJ[

FL@DYNC NB

FUWFY@JY NÞJ 911>

NÞJ 91>9

H`d. Qjibnk`ûc gfb luc`k`p`j fc pjrkfctnof Fc fb kungrj s`du`fctf sf sfþnbn fb cÿlfrj gf eni`tnctfs pjr kjluc`gngfs KJLVC@GNGF[ ENI@WNCWF[ Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn 796 Bn Hbjr`gn 96; @rupntn >91 Qnke`kn Qnkjbbj  Ncgnpntn Euybbns X`bbn Wucnr`  Nvnrjn X`bbn Ijb`vnr

49 >6 74 764 >>; 9;5 994

0

 

CVLFYJ GF ENI@WNCWF[ QJY KJLVC@GNGF[ 764

796 96;

9;5 >91

>>;

49 >6

74

H`d. C¿ gf Eni`tnctfs pjr kjluc`gngfs

994

9.4

ÌCG@KF GF QJIYF_N

Fb ìcg`kf gf pjirfzn gfb luc`k`p`j gf lncfrn dfcfrnb, tjgjs bjs ruirjs sf prfsfctn ucn prfknr`n knpnk`gng gf `ccjvnk`ûc, fstj sf gfif n bn hnbtn gf npjyj h`cnck`frj y ns`stfck`n tàkc`kn. Fstjs pfqufþjs prjguktjrfs bfs rfsubtn `lpjs`ibf jitfcfr kràg`tjs j h`cnck`nl`fctj.

9.4.> ÌCG@KF GF GF[NYYJBBJ EVLNCJ Fb `cg`kf gf gfsnrrjbbj gf luc`k`p`j fs fb f b `cdrfsj fc fb c`vfb fguknk`jcnb y bn fspfrnczn fspf rnczn gf bn v`gn gf cnkfr. Fb luck`p`j kjstn kjc ucn `chrnfstrukturn gf ucn fskufbn c`vfb pr`lnr`j gjcgf ns`stfc pjkjs nbulcngjs. Bn lnyjr`n gf bjs fstug`nctfs fstnc fc bn knp`tnb gf Eunkenknbbn neì fb fstug`j fs lns supfr`jr pjrquf bjs prjhfsjrfs sjc lns fspfk`nb`zngjs pnrn kngn lntfr`n y bn `chrnfstrukturn fs lns nlpb`j. Bn s`du`fctf tnibn cjs lufstrn fb krfk`l`fctj fc ns`stfck`n fskjbnr gf bn Qrjv`ck`n B`tjrnb, neì vfljs kjlj fb luc`k`p`j nulfctj su ns`stfck`n fskjbnr. LVC@K@Q@J[ KJC LNPJY KYFK@L@FCWJ FC N[@[WFCK@N F[KJBNY GF BN QJIBNK@ÛC GF 8 N >0 NÞJ[. KFC[J 911>  ‛ 91>9 LVC@K@Q@J 911> 91>9 Krfk`l`fctj Wjtnb Ejlirf Luofr Wjtnb Ejlirf Luofr fc puctjs % Fsknrn 48,5 45,8 47,4 0>,> 0>,> 0>,1 >7,; Kruz gf 85,8 46,9 81,8 58,5 55,9 56,; >5,9 Lnkenknlnrkn Pucduyj gf 4>,0 45,0 64,0 0>,4 50,6 07,9 >0,5 B`tjrnb Hufctf? @cst`tutj Cnk`jcnb gf Fstngìst`kn

>1

 

Fstn tnibn cjs `cg`kn `cg`kn quf fb nbhnift`slj g`sl`cuyj fc fb luc`k`p`j luc`k`p`j gf ucn lncfrn lncfrn luy kjcs`gfrnibf, fstn lfojrn sf gfif n quf nþjs nctfr`jrfs euij fb prjdrnln pjr pnrtf gfb dji`frcj nktunb gf bn ns`st ns`stfck`n fck`n fskjbnr drntu`tn n pfrsjcns lnyjrfs.

9.4.9 [NBVG Fc dfcfrnb bns kjcg`k`jcfs gf snbug sjc prfknr`ns sjbj eny ucn `chrnfstrukturn gf ucn pjstn snc`tnr`n quf neì nt` nt`fcgf fcgf ucn fchfrlfrn, fstî s`tungn fc fb luc`k`p`j gf Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn, s` bjs kjlucnr`js cfkfs`tnc ntfck`ûc lfg`kn t`fcfc quf vfc`r gfsgf sus kjluc`gngfs enstn fb luc`k`p`j pnrn su rfspfkt`vn ntfck`ûc làg`kn. [` fc knsj fs gf lnyjr drnvfgng sf bjs bbfvnc n bn knp`tnb Eunkenknbbn j n bn k`ugng gf Jrurj.

9.4.; N[QFKWJ HÌ[@KJ CNWVYNB 9.4.7 KB@LN Fb luc`k`p`j fc su dfcfrnb`gng t`fcf uc kb`ln gf `cv`frcj sfkj hr`j, pjkj cuijs`gng y

hufrtf rng`nk`ûc sjbnr, bjs lfsfs lîs hrìjs sjc ouc`j, oub`j, ndjstj y bjs lfsfs lîs knburjsjs sjc cjv`flirf, g`k`flirf, fcfrj y hfirfrj.

9.4.6 LFG@J NLI@FCWF KB@LÎW@KJ Fb lfg`j nli`fctf kb`lît`kj pnrn Ijb`v`n quf fstà pjr fck`ln gf 9611 l.s.c.l. sf fst`ln ucn nbt`tug nbt`tug krìt`kn, pfrj fc fb luc`k`p`j sf fckufctrn pjr fck`ln gf ;411 l.s.c.l. pjr fstf knsj quf bns pbnctns t`fcgfc n tfcfr drnvfs prjibflns gf efbngns. Wnli`àc bjs drnc`zjs sjc uc hnktjr b`l`tnctf pnrn fb gfsnrrjbbj ndrìkjbn, fs lîs pfb`drjsj fc bjs lfsfs gf ndjstj, hfirfrj y lnrzj.

9.5

HNVCN

Bn hnucn quf fx`stf fc cufstrj luc`k`p`j sf lufstrn fc fb s`du`fctf kungrj, `gfct`h`kîcgjsf pjr fspfk`f y cjlirf k`fctìh`kj. F[QFK@F Bbnln X`kuþn  NXF[ Qntj Qnr`euncn [ur` QFKF[ @sp` Qfofrrfy

CJLIYF K@FCWÌH@KJ LNLÌHFYJ[ Bnln dbnln X`kuþn v`kudcn [nrg`jc`s knruckubntn Qejfc`kjpfrus ncg`cn Yefn cnkrjeycken Jfstr`s ndjss`z` Insk`b`keteys ijcnfrfcs`s

>>

 

9.5.> V[J NKWVNB GFB [VFBJ Fb luc`k`p`j gf Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn t`fcf ucn supfrh`k`f gf 6>5 ml 9  y bn g`str`iuk`ûc gfb usj gf t`frrn fs bn s`du`fctf?   Fb 96% (>90,6 ml9) gf sufbj kjrrfspjcgf n t`frrns fr`nbfs y sjc? ninrkncgj snbnrfs, nhbjrnl`fctjs rjkjsjs y gfpûs`tjs nrfcjsjs.   Fb 4% (;8,98 ml 9) gf sufbj kjrrfspjcgf n t`frrns kubt`vnibfs, sf gfg`knc n kubt`vjs i`fc sfbfkk`jcngj kjlj pnpn, kfijbbn, enin, nbhnbhn.   Fb 85% (;69,97 ml9) gf sufbj quf fstî kui`frtj pjr pnst`znbfs nriustjs, prngfrns cnturnbfs

9.5.9 W@QJ GF [V [VFBJ[ FBJ[ P [V[ QY@CK QY@CK@QNBF[ @QNBF[ KVBW@XJ[ Bjs g`st`ctjs t`pjs gf sufbjs y kubt`vjs quf rfnb`z rfnb`znc nc bns kjluc`gngfs sf gfskr`ifc fc fb s`du`fctf kungrj.

KJLVC@GNGF[

W@QJ WFUWVYNB

KVBW@XJ[

Kruz gf Hrnckj nrk`bbjsj, b`ljsj Qnpn, enin, Lnkenknlnrkn ljgfrngnlfctf prjhucgj nbhnbhn. Qnpn, enin, Bn Hbjr`gn Hrnckj nrk`bbjsj, nrfcjsj nbhnbhn. @rupntn Nrfcjsj Qnpn.  Nrfc`skn, lnrdns, knrdnins Qnpn Qnke`kn luy pjkj prjhucgjs Qnkjbbj Nrfcjsj Qnpn Qnpn, enin,  Ncgnpntn Hrnckj, nrk`bbjsj nbhnbhn. Qnpn, enin, Euybbns Hrnckj, b`ljsj nbhnbhn. X`bbn Wucnr` Nrfcjsj, nrk`bbjsj Qnpn.  Nvnrjn Hrnckj y luy pjkj prjhucgjs Qnpn. X`bbn Ijb`vnr Nrfcjsj Qnpn, nbhnbhn.

9.0

kfijbbn, kfijbbn,

kfijbbn, kfijbbn,

[VQFYH@K@F NDYÌKJBN

Bn supfrh`k`f gf bn prjgukk`ûc9 ndrìkjbn fs gf ;8,98 ml 9 gf sufbj kjrrfspjcgf n t`frrns kubt`vnibfs. Jtrj gf >90,6 ml sjc sufbjs snbnrfs, rjkjsns. P ;69 ml 9 sjc sufbjs quf fstîc kui`frtjs gf nriustjs, prngfrns cnturnbfs. Fc fb s`du`fctf kungrj sf `cg`kn bns supfrh`k`fs gf kngn kjluc`gng gfb luc`k`p`j fc fb usj gf sufbjs quf rfnb`znc pnrn bn prjgukk`ûc ndrìkjbn.

>9

 

[VQ. [VQ. [VQ. KJLVC@GNGF[ KVBW@XNIBF QN[WJYFJ @CKVBW@XNIBF ml9 ml9 ml9 Kruz gf 0,;8 0;,41 9;,64 Lnkenknlnrkn Bn Hbjr`gn 5,7> 85,;; >5,45 @rupntn >,00 9>,57 >>,71 Qnke`kn >,16 5,>1 7,6; Qnkjbbj >,>9 5,5> 6,;>  Ncgnpntn 9,61 >8,68 0,65 Euybbns X`bbn Wucnr`

4,51 >,>9

51,;> 99,>0

>0,;1 >;,58

 Nvnrjn

>,;5

>6,56

4,96

X`bbn Ijb`vnr

>,69

>8,68

>6,0;

Fstf jtrj kungrj cjs sfþnbn fb pjrkfctnof (Wnibn 9.>) gf usj gf sufbj pnrn kngn kjluc`gng gfb luc`k`p`j. Wnibn 9.> quf fs: [VQ. [VQ. [VQ. KJLVC@GNGF[ KVBW@XNIBF QN[WJYFJ @CKVBW@XNIBF ml9 FC % ml9 FC % ml9 FC % Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn Bn Hbjr`gn @rupntn Qnke`kn Qnkjbbj  Ncgnpntn Euybbns X`bbn Wucnr`  Nvnrjn X`bbn Ijb`vnr

96,5 9;,9 6,6 9,0 ;,> 8,0

98,8 >0,7 8,9 9,; 9,6 7,4

>5,9 >7,6 5,5 ;,6 7,> 4,7

9>,6 ;,> ;,5

99,5 8,; 7,6

>7,0 >1,4 6,8

7,9

7,4

>9,;

>;

 

[VQFYH@K@F NDY@KJBN

;1 96 91 >6 >1 6 1

[VQ. [VQ. KVBW KVBW@X @XNI NIBF BF ml ml9 9 FC FC %

[VQ. [VQ. QN[W QN[WJY JYFJ FJ ml9 ml9 F FC C%

[VQ. @CKVBW@XNIBF ml9 FC %

9.>1

YFKVY[J[ EÌIY@GJ[

Fb luc`k`p`j pjsff fsknsns hufctfs gf ndun quf cj sjc pjs`ibfs gf sfr nprjvfkengns pnrn r`fdj, pjr su inoj knugnb y hnbtn gf `chrnfstrukturn. Bjs rìjs Wnkntn y Kenbbeu`r` sjc bjs quf hbuyfc gf hjrln tflpjrnb, fb ndun pnrn kjcsulj prjv`fcf gf vfrt`fctfs y jojs gf ndun. Bn pjibnk`ûc fs pr`ck`pnblfctf nylnrn (pfrtfcfk`fctf nb Onke‐n

Knrncdns), jrdnc`zngn fc tjrcj nb G`str`tj Luc`k`pnb @cgìdfcn gfb Nybbu Weuwnþn. Fb r`j bnukn pnsn pjr bns pnlpns gfb luc`k`p`j gf Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn gfskufbdn gf bns kjrg`bbfrns gfb jkk`gfctf, fstf r`j fs luy `lpjrtnctf pjrquf npjrtn nb knugnb gfpnrtnlfctnb gf Jrurj.

>7

 

9.>>

[@[WFLN[ GF Y@FDJ

Fb s`du`fctf fs uc rfsulfc y g`str`iuk`ûc gf bjs pr`ck`pnbfs s`stflns gf r`fdj

fx`stfctfs y gf su huck`jcnb`gng fc bns kjluc`gngfs. Fb luc`k`p`j pjsff fsknsns hufctfs gf ndun quf prjv`fcf gf vfrt`fctfs y jojs gf ndun, sjbj 7 kjluc`gngfs bj t`fcf nprjvfkengns pnrn r`fdj= fb s`stfln gf r`fdj sf rfnb`zn lfg`nctf usjs y kjstulirfs. C¿ GF C¿ GF KJLVC@GNGF[ ENI@WNCWF[ HNL@B@N[ Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn Hbjr`gn Eunybbns  Ncgnpntn

9.>9

[@[WFLN  ÎYFN  ÎYFN Y@FDJ YFDNIBF IYVWN ml9 ml9 ml9

796

06

>6

>7,;6

0,99

96; 764 74

8> >>1 >1

>7 >; 4

>9,96 7,;6 >1,91

8,6; 6,9; 0,>1

XJKNK@ÛC NDYÌKJBN P DNCNGFYN

Fc fb luc`k`p`j gf Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn t`fcf vjknk`ûc dncngfrn y ndrìkjbn, fstj sf gfif n quf t`fcfc supfrh`k`fs gf tfrrfcj pnrn bn rfspfkt`vn prjgukk`ûc. Fb kungrj quf sf lufstrn n kjct`cunk`ûc, fstî sfþnbncgj bn vjknk`ûc gf bn nkt`v`gng quf rfnb`zn kngn kjluc`gng. KNCWÛC KJLVC@GNGF[ Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn Bn Hbjr`gn @rupntn Qnke`kn

KVBW@XJ[ Qnpn, kfijbbn, enin, nbhnbhn. Qnpn, kfijbbn, enin, nbhnbhn. Qnpn. Qnpn

DNCNGJ Knlàb`gjs Knlàb`gjs Knlàb`gjs Knlàb`gjs

>6

 

Qnkjbbj  Ncgnpntn Euybbns X`bbn Wucnr`  Nvnrjn X`bbn Ijb`vnr

Qnpn Qnpn, kfijbbn, enin, nbhnbhn. Qnpn, kfijbbn, enin, nbhnbhn. Qnpn. Qnpn. Qnpn, nbhnbhn.

Knlàb`gjs Knlàb`gjs Knlàb`gjs Knlàb`gjs Knlàb`gjs Knlàb`gjs

9.>; @CHJYLNK@ÛC [JK@J FKJCÛL@KN 9.>;.> QY@CK@QNBF[ NKW@X@GNGF[ FKJCÛL@KN[ FC BN QYJ QYJX@CK@N[ X@CK@N[ Kjc bn `chjrlnk`ûc jitfc`gn gf bn djifrcnk`ûc gfb luc`k`p`j y ucn fckufstn fstngìst`kn, fb s`du`fctf kungrj sf gftnbbn bn pnrt`k`pnk`ûc gf bjs kjlucnr`js fc bns g`st`ctns nkt`v`gngfs.

Kjluc`gngfs

Kjlfrk`nctfs

Wrnspjrtf

Qrjguktjr Dncngfrj Jtrjs ndrìkjbn 7; 05 48

Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn Hbjr`gn @rupntn Qnke`kn

>05

>1

>;> 87 76

6 ; 9

;5 >9 >

49 >6 9

4 98 99

Qnkjbbj Ncgnpntn Eunybbns X`bbn Wucnr` Nvnrjn X`bbn Ijb`vnr

6 >; 9>; 6> >9; >15

1 9 >; 8 5 0

1 5 8> >1 >9 >;

4 >7 >16 >4 95 ;5

; >1 86 90 84 60

9.>;.9 KNWFDJYÌN JKVQNK@JCNB FC FB LVC@K@Q@J Fc fb luc`k`p`j gf Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn bn jkupnk`ûc gf bjs kjlucnr`js sf insn fc bn prjgukk`ûc ndrìkjbn, dncngfrn= su trninoj fs pjr kufctn prjp`n, nbducjs kjlucnr`js fc àpjkns gjcgf cj eny kjsfkens sf gfg`knc nb trninoj gf kjcstrukk`ûc gf v`v`fcgns fc bn prjv`ck`n b`tjrnb, jtrjs nb pnstjrfj gf dncngj.

9.>7 9.>7.>

YVIYJ NDYÌKJBN QYJGVKK@ÛC QNQN

Fb kubt`vj gf pnpn fs ucj gf bjs kubt`vjs lîs hrfkufctfs fc bns t`frrns gfb luc`k`p`j gf Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn. [u kubt`vj sf rfnb`zn rfnb`zn fc g`st`ctns supfrh`k` supfrh`k`fs fs gf tfrrfcj, quf sjc gf inoj r`fdj j n sfkncj.

>8

 

Bn pnpn prjgukf lfojr fc sufbjs nrfcjsjs y sufbtjs, su k`kbj vfdftnt`vj fs gf >91 n >61 gìns. Bns s`flirns fc fb luc`k`p`j sf rfnb`znc gfsgf fb lfs gf ndjstj n cjv`flirf, fb bnijrfj gfb kubt`vj gf pnpn s`flprf sf rfnb`znc lncunblfctf pjr bjs l`sljs kjlucnr`js, fctrf bns pbndns quf nhfktnc nb kubt`vj gf bn pnpn sjc bjs s`du`fctfs? pjb`bbns, dusncjs (ibnckjs y kjrtngjrfs), cflntjgjs y ejcdjs (l`bg`ul, re`zjktnc`n). Wjgns bns kjluc`gngfs gfb luc`k`p`j rfnb`znc fb kubt`vj gf pnpn y bjs gf lnyjr gfg`knk`ûc nb kubt`vj sjc Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn, Hbjr`gn, Eunybbns, @rupntn, Ncgnpntn. Bn kjsfken lîs drncgf sf rfnb`znc fc fb lfs gf (lnrzj-lnyj) y sjc nblnkfcngjs fc s`bjs trng`k`jcnbfs pnrn bufdj sfr kjlfrk`nb`zngjs n bjs bnrdj gfb nþj. Bn pàrg`gn gf pfsj gf bn pnpn gfpfcgfrî gfb t`pj gf s`bj quf huf nblnkfcngj. Fb kncnb gf kjlfrk`nb`znk`ûc fs? QYJGVKWJY

KJC[VL@GJY

Fb ndr`kubtjr vfcgf su prjguktj fc fb lfrkngj snbf n bns hfr`ns rurnbfs y knbbfs gf bn

k`ugng. Fb prfk`j gf bn pnpn vnrìn sfdÿc bn vnr`fgng y tnlnþj, nsì, kjlj bn àpjkn gfb nþj j gf uc nþj n jtrj= kuncgj eny lnyjr prjgukk`ûc y jhfrtn gf bn pnpn sjc bns àpjkns gf bbuv`ns neì t`fcgfc n inonr bjs prfk`js. Bjs B js prfk`js suifc fc fb lfs gf sfpt`flirf pjr bn fsknsfz= bjs lnyjrfs r`fsdjs sjc bjs nkk`gfctfs kb`lît`kjs, hnbtn gf ndun, pbndns y fchfrlfgngfs.

9.>7.9 QYJGVKK@ÛC GF ENIN Fb kubt`vj gf enin rfqu`frf gf sufbjs prjhucgjs y eÿlfgjs, su k`kbj vfdftnt`vj fs gf >51 n 911 gìns= bn s`flirn sf rfnb`znc fc bjs lfsfs gf ndjstj y sfpt`flirf pjrquf fb kb`ln fs hr`j, bjs r`fdjs sf rfnb`znc fc jrgfc pjr kjctr`iuk`ûc, trng`k`jcfs y kjstulirfs= fb bnijrfj gfb kubt`vj gf enin sf rfnb`znc lncunblfctf pjr bjs l`sljs kjluc`r`js. Bns pbndns lîs kjcjk`gns quf nhfktnc n bn prjgukk`ûc prjgu kk`ûc gfb enin sjc fb pubdûc, dusncj kjdjbbfrj y bn rjyn rjon. Fc fb luc`k`p`j bns kjluc`gngfs quf lîs prjgukfc enin sjc Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn, Hbjr`gn, Eunybbns, Ncgnpntn. Bjs lfsfs gf kjsfken gfb enin sjcsfkn lnrzj nir`b. Fbtrns enin vfrgf sfgfkjlfrk`nb`zn `clfg`ntnlfctf, fc knli`j fb enin sf yjit`fcf fb sfkngj bns pbnctns kjlpbftns fc fb l`slj sflirng`bbj y sf vnc ouctncgj fc ljctjcfs vfrt`knbfs (flpnrvf). Fb kncnb gf kjlfrk`nb`znk`ûc fs? QYJGVKWJY

KJC[VL@GJY

>4

 

Bn vnr`nk`ûc gf bjs prfk`js gfb enin vfrgf vn gf nkufrgj nb vjbulfc gf jhfrtn y knb`gng gfb prjguktj, l`fctrns fb enin sfkn cj vnrìn su prfk`j n bj bnrdj gfb nþj. Kuncgj eny nþjs bbuv`jsjs bn prjgukk`ûc nulfctn y bjs prfk`js t`fcgfc n inonr pjrquf fx`stf instnctf jhfrtn. Bjs r`fdjs quf nhfktnc bn prjgukk`ûc gfb enin sjc? nkk`gfctfs kb`lît`kjs (efbngns, drnc`zngns), hnbtn gf ndun pnrn r`fdj, prfk`js gf lfrkngj, pbndns y fchfrlfgngfs.

9.>6

QYJGVKK@ÛC GF KFIJBBN

Bn kfijbbn fs ucn ejrtnb`zn gf lnyjr `lpjrtnck`n nb`lfct`k`n y lfg`k`cnb pjr bjs kjlucnr`js, fb iubij gf drnc kjcsulj kjt`g`ncj. Qnrn su kubt`vj sf cfkfs`tn ucn iufcn prfpnrnk`ûc gf tfrrfcj fc bn hnsf gf c`vfbnk`ûc, fstj cjs hnk`b`tnrn pnrn uc r`fdj fh`k`fctf. [u k`kbj vfdftnt`vj gf bn kfijbbn fs >>1 gìns n >71 gìns sf gn gfsgf fb nblnk`dj enstn bn kjsfken. Fb bnijrfj bnijrf j gfb kubt`vj gf kfijbbn fs lncunblfctf kjl`fczn kjl`fc zn fc `cv`frcj quf pr`lfrj bj rfnb`znc fc nblîk`djs y bufdj sjc trnspbnctngjs fc bn

pnrkfbns kjrrfspjcg`fctfs. Fc bn ftnpn gf krfk`l`fctj sf gfif tfcfr instnctf in stnctf ku`gngj kjc fb r`fdj gf bns pnrkfbns. Bns pbndns lîs kjcjk`gns quf nhfktnc bn prjgukk`ûc gf bn kfijbbn sjc? dusncjs, p`jojs, tr`ps, bjr`tjs. Bns kjluc`gngfs quf rfnb`znc fb kubt`vj gf bn kfijbbn fc fb luc`k`p`j sjc? Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn, Hbjr`gn, Eunybbns. Eny gjs hjrlns gf kjlfrk`nb`znr bn kfijbbn quf fs? fc knifzn ([fkn) y kjc kjbn (t`frcn). Bn pr`lfrn quf fs knifzn sfkn quf tjln lnyjr lncj gf jirn y fb t`flpj pfrj fstn supfrn fc prfk`js n bn t`frcn. L`fctrns bn sfducgn sf kjlfrk`nb`zn `clfg`ntnlfctf. Bjs kncnbfs gf kjlfrk`nb`znk`ûc sjc bj s`du`fctf? QYJGVKWJY

KJC[VL@GJY

Bjs ndr`kubtjrfs vfcgfc su prjguktj g`rfktnlfctf n bjs kjcsul`gjrfs j bbnlngjs lfrkngjs. [u prfk`j vnrìn gf bn kfijbbn t`frcn kuncgj eny en y jhfrtn gfb prjguktj, l`fctrns bn kfijbbn sfkn fb prfk`j fs lîs fstnibf y fstjs sjc nblnkfcngjs fc s`bjs. Bjs r`fsdjs gfb kubt`vj gf kfijbbn sjc? nkk`gfctfs kb`lît`kjs (efbngns, drnc`zngns), hnbtn gf ndun pnrn r`fdj (gfpfcgfck`n gf bbuv`ns), prfk`js gf lfrkngj (kjlpftfck`n), pbndns y fchfrlfgngfs.

9.>8 YVIYJ QFKVNY@J 9.>8.> KYÌN GF KNLÀB@GJ[ BBNLN Fb luc`k`p`j gf Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn kufctn kjc ucn fspfk`f gf nc`lnb s`bvfstrf s`bvfstrf (v`kuþn) y gjs gjlfst`kns (bbnln y nbpnkn), sjc kr`ngjs fc pfqufþjs rfinþjs hnl`b`nrfs, nb`lfctîcgjsf fxkbus`vnlfctf fc pnst`znbfs s`bvfstrfs. Fstjs nc`lnbfs sjc >5

 

pnrtf gf bn fstrntfd`n gf v`gn gf bns hnl`b`ns knlpfs`cns gf fsknsj rfkursj tnli`àc kjcst`tuyfc uc lfg`j gf trncspjrtf, bfs prjpjrk`jcnc knrcf, usnc fb fst`àrkjb kjlj hfrt`b`znctf y bn bncn pnrn bn hnir`knk`ûc gf rjpn y jtrjs nrtìkubjs. Bns hnl`b`ns hnl`b`ns enc nprfcg`gj fb nrtf gf ku`gnr bbns ns bbnlns gf sus pngrfs y gf sus niufbjs. Lnct`fcfc v`vns lukens trng`k`jcfs, kjlj, pjr foflpbj, fb r`tunb gf T`bncken? Fstn kfrfljc`n gf pndj fs pnrn fb i`fcfstnr gf bns hnl`b`ns, kuncgj sf flprfcgf ucn cufvn hnfcn j fc fspfrn gf uc iufc nþj pnrn bjs nc`lnbfs. Bns bbnlns lnkejs sjc kr`ngjs fc kjcg`k`jcfs k jcg`k`jcfs s`bvfstrfs bjs kjlucnr`js bj pnstjrfnc fc bjs kfrrjs ljctnþjsjs quf fstîc fc fb luc`k`p`j, fc knli`j bns bbnlns eflirns y sus krìns sjc pnstjrfngjs fc bjs bbudnrfs udnrfs lîs kfrkncjs n bbns ns kjluc`gngfs. Nbd Nbducjs ucjs kjlucnr`js t`fcfc prfsfck`n gf uc pnstjr y jtrjs cj pjrquf bj t`fcfc fckfrrngjs fc kfrkjs efkejs gf nbnlirf pjn, fb gufþj vn n vfr ucn vvfz fz pjr sflncn. Nbducjs kjlucnr`js usnc bn bbnln lnkej kjlj nc`lnb gf knrdn y fb fst`àrkjb gf bns bbnlns fc fb knlpj, kjlj hfrt`b`znctfs y n vfkfs tnli`àc kjlj kjliust`ibf pnrn kjk`cnr.

Jtrj prjibfln fs bn pfrs`stfctf `chbufck`n gf bns nutjr`gngfs trng`k`jcnbfs fc bn rfdubnk`ûc gfb usj gf bns îrfns kjlucnbfs gf pnstjrfj. Wjgj fstj, ngflîs gf quf bn kr`nczn sf enkf kns` fxkbus`vnlfctf fc îrfns gf fxtrfln pjirfzn, en `ctfcs`h`kngj bjs prfou`k`js kubturnbfs, inoncgj fb fstntus gf fstn dncngfrìn.  N pfsnr gf fstns b`l`tnk`jcfs, bn bbnln fs bn fspfk`f gf lnyjr pjtfck`nb fc fb luc`k`p`j, bj quf fxpb`kn pjr quà bns hnl`b`ns kjct`cÿnc kr`îcgjbns. Bn nb`lfctnk`ûc gf bns bbnlns prjkfgf gf bn vfdftnk`ûc s`bvfstrf (ijhfgnbfs, pnojcnbfs y nriustnbfs). Fstn kbnsf gf nc`lnbfs eni`tn fc budnrfs nbtjs y hrìjs kjlj f fss fb knsj. Fc fstjs ÿbt`ljs nþjs bn vfctn gf prjguktjs prjguktj s gfr`vngjs gf bjs knlàb`gjs fstîc v`dfctf, bj quf sf kjlfrk`nb`zn sjc? h`irn, kufrj, knrcf y kenrquf (knrcf gfse`grntngn). QYJGVKWJY

L@CJY@[WN

KJC[VL@GJY

Bjs kjlucnr`js sf rfÿcfc pnrn lntnr y vfcgfr su knrcf n l`cjr`stns, bn vfctn fs fc p`f j hnfcngj Fb hnfcngj quf rfnb`znc fstî fc lncjs gfb prjguktjr Fb gfsprfsngj fstî fc lncjs gf bjs l`cjr`stns. Vcn vfz quf fb prjguktjr fctrfduf fb prjguktj nb l`cjr`stn, àb sf fcknrdn gf vfcgfr n bjs kjcsul`gjrfs quf sjc gf bn l`sln kjluc`gng j bj bbfvnc n vfcgfr n bn k`ugng. Wnli`àc prjp`js prjguktjrfs bj kjlfrk`nb`znc su prjguktj n bn hrjctfrn kjc Ke`bf quf fstî fc fb pufibj gf Q`s`dn. Fb prfk`j gf bn knrcf gf bbnln cj vnrìn lukej pfrj bn kjlfrk`nb`znk`ûc gfb kenrquf nbknczn prfk`js supfr`jrfs. >0

 

Bn h`irn gf bbnln fs `chfr`jr n bn gf nbpnkn, yn quf kjct`fcf ucn drnc knct`gng gf kfrgns gf inon knb`gng. Qjr fsj, sjc pjkjs bjs quf trnsqu`bnc bn bncn. Bn knrcf gf bbnln fs kjcsul`gn hrfskn j sfkngn nb sjb (kenrquf). Bn vfctn gf knrcf hrfskn fs b`l`tngn y fb prfk`j fs luy inoj pjr bn prfsfck`n gf qu`stfs, gfb tnlnþj gf uc drncj, gfb pnrîs`tj [nrkjkyst`s nukefc`nf y [. bnlnknc`s. Nucquf fstf pnrîs`tj cj rfprfsfctn c`cdÿc pfb`drj pnrn bjs eulncjs quf quf kjcsulfc bn knrcf. Bn `ck`gfck`n gfb pnrîs`tj, quf sf trncsl`tf pjr bjs pfrrjs, fx`stf fc nc`lnbfs lnyjrfs gf 9 nþjs. Bjs r`fsdjs quf `chbuyfc fc bn krìn gf knlàb`gjs sjc? t`pj gf rnzn, prfk`js gf lfrkngj, trnsbngj nb lfrkngj y bn snc`gng (vnkucns, v`tnl`cns, ftk.). Bns bbnlns sjc nc`lnbfs quf fstîc ngnptngjs n g`hìk`bfs kb`lns y bn fbfvnk`ûc cj `chbuyf fc fb rfcg`l`fctj gf fstjs nc`lnbfs. [f gfif tjlnr fc kufctn quf eny bbnlns prjguktjrns gf bncn y bns jtrns prjguktjrns gf knrcf.  Ngflîs, s`flprf quf sf lnctfcdn bn snrkjk`st`js`s inoj kjctrjb, kjctrjb, bn knrcf gf knlàb`gj

fs fxkfbfctf pnrn su kjcsulj, pjrquf t`fcf c`vfbfs lîs inojs gf kjbfstfrjb y gf drnsn quf bn knrcf gf rfs, gf kfrgj j gf kjrgfrj. Fs pjs`ibf rfguk`r bn tnsn gf ljrtnb`gng gf bjs nc`lnbfs kjctrjbncgj bn knrdn gf pnrîs`tjs fxtfrcjs, lfojrncgj su nir`dj y cutr`k`ûc= tnli`àc, lfg`nctf prjdrnlns sfbfkt`vjs gf krukfs, sf pufgf bjdrnr bncn gf lfojr knb`gng, kjlpnrnibf kjc bn gf nbpnkn. Jtrjs pjtfck`nbfs `ckbuyfc bn fxpfr`fck`n gf bns hnl`b`ns fc fb ku`gngj gf bns bbnlns y su kjcjk`l`fctj nkfrkn gfb prjkfsnl`fctj prjkf snl`fctj gf bn bncn  ‛  tnctj pnrn fb e`bngj (jkupnk`ûc gf bns luofrfs) kjlj pnrn fb tfbnr (jkupnk`ûc gf bjs ejlirfs) y pnrn jtrjs prjguktjs nrtfsncnbfs.

9.>4 JWYJ[ YVIYJ[ ;.>1.> KVBW@XJ GF NBHNBHN Fb kubt`vj gf nbhnbhn fs pfrtfcfk`fctf n bn hnl`b`n gf bjs hjrrnofs Bn nbhnbhn fs ucn bfdul`cjsn pfrfccf quf sf knrnktfr`zn pjr uc nlpb`j gfsnrrjbbj rng`kubnr, su kubt`vj gfif sfr cj lnyjr n 8 nþjs. Fb kjr kjrtf tf gf bn nbhnbhn sf rfnb`zn kuncgj flp`fzn n hbjrfkfr, bn pbnctn t`fcf su lîx`lj kjctfc`gj prjtfìc`kj= fb cÿlfrj gf kjrtf pufgf vnr`nr fctrf ; y 6 fstj gfpfcgf lukej gfb r`fdj quf sf rfnb`kf. Qfrj fc fb luc`k`p`j bn prjgukk`ûc hjrrnofrn fs pnrn fb kjcsulj gf sus prjp`js nc`lnbfs y bjs c`vfbfs gf kjlfrk`nb`znk`ûc sjc inojs. Bns kjluc`gngfs quf prjgukfc bn nbhnbhn sjc? Kruz gf Lnkenknlnrkn, Hbjr`gn, Eunybns= kjluc`gngfs prjgukk`ûc gf nbhnbhn pjrquf t`fcfc vfrt`fctfs fstîc gf ndun y uc s`stfln t`fcfc gf r`fdjlnyjr fc b`stngj. [u kncnb gf kjlfrk`nb`znk`ûc fs? QYJGVKWJY

KJC[VL@GJY

Fb prjguktjr vfcgf g`rfktnlfctf su prjguktj nb kb`fctf h`cnb, cj eny kfctrjs gf prjgukk`ûc c` gf nkjp`j. 91

 

Bjs prfk`js gfb nbhnbhn nbknczn su lîx`lj fc àpjkns gf fst`nof (lnyj - ndjstj), vn gfskfcg`fcgj n lfg`gn quf npnrfkfc bns bbuv`ns= pfrj fb prfk`j cj inon pjr fb `ckrflfctj gf bn jhfrtn, s`cj pjr fb knli`j gf fstnk`ûc n pr`lnvfrn neì flp`fzn fb rfijtf gf bjs pnstjs cnturnbfs y fstj fs fb nb`lfctj gf bjs dncngjs. Bjs r`fsdjs quf fx`stfc fc fb kubt`vj gf bn nbhnbhn sjc? nkk`gfctfs kb`lît`kjs (efbngns, drnc`zngns), hnbtn gf ndun pnrn r`fdj (gfpfcgfck`n gf bbuv`ns), prfk`js gf lfrkngj. Fb kubt`vj gf hjrrnof fs uc ruirj kjc lfcjs r`fsdjs quf jtrjs kubt`vjs= pfrj sf gfif tfcfr ku`gngj fc àpjkns gf `cv`frcj, neì bns tflpfrnturns (efbngns) gfsk`fcgfc kjc lîs hrfkufck`n. Cj sf fckufctrnc fbflfctjs gf tnibn t nibn gf `bustrnk`jcfs `bustrnk`jcfs..>>>> >>>>>>> >>>

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