Eje 3 Modelos de Gestion

 

DBXOSOHDH G@G 2 EKHGIKR HG AGRXOÒM GMRD_K OMXG^Z^GXDXOSK

Brostodm Mkvkd Hodz

Cumhdboòm Wmovgrsotdrod hgi Ärgd Dmhomd Gspgbodiozdboòm Ditd Agrgmbod Nkaktä >:>:

 

GI EDZD HG Z^KBGRKR BKEK GIGEGMXK CWMHDEGMXDI ZD^D WMD GEZ^GRD TWG HGRGD DHDZXD^RG ^ÄZOHDEGMXG D IKR BDENOKR TWG Z^KZKMG RW GMXK^MK. Gm um gmtk gmtkrm rmkk ai aiknd kndio iozdh zdhk, k, id idss bke bkepdô pdôåd ådss sg vg vgmm kn knio ioad adhds hds d hg hgsdr sdrrki rkiid idrr ekhg ekhgik ikss kradmozdbokmdigs qug sg gmckqugm gm ids dbtovohdhgs bidvgs. Gm gstg pumtk gi prkbgsk dheomostrdtovk gs umd fgrrdeogmtd hg agstoòm suedegmtg oepkrtdmtg, hkmhg sg hgng tgmgr  um bobik ZFSD. D trdvïs hg gstks gigegmtks sg pughgm pidmocobdr y kradmozdr cumbokmgs y tdrgds pdrd krogmtdr, bkmtrkidr y g`gbutdr dbtovohdhgs hg iks hocgrgmtgs pugstks.  Gs pkr gstk qug gi ekhgi ekhgikk hg agstoò agstoòmm hg rgbursks fued fuedmks mks hg Nggr y sus bkidnkrdhkrgs bkidnkrdhkrgs sg bgmtrd gm pkiåtobds qug nusbdm bkmbgmtrdrtg gm ids dbtovohdhgs bidvgs gm id agstoòm hgi rgbursk fuedmk. Zkr tdmt tdmtk, k, gxos gxostg tg um umdd mgb mgbgs gsoh ohdh dh ura uragm gmtg tg hg hgtgre hgtgreom omdr dr umd pr prgau gaumt mtdd bg bgmt mtrd rdi, i, »Tuï »Tuï bdrdbtgråsto bdrdbt gråstobds bds y prombo prombopoks poks togmg gi ekhgik um ekhgik hg agstoò agstoòmm qug togmg bkek g`g gi sgr  fuedmk y bkek bkmtronuygm gstks ekhgiks di hgsdrrkiik hg ids geprgsds; Zdrd dcrkmtdr gstg omtgrrkadmtg, gs oepkrtdmtg bkmkbgr qug id aikndiozdboòm mk gs skik um cgmòegmk geprgsdrodi, somk qug gstd omegrsk gm tkhks iks dspgbtks hg id vohd fuedmd, omci omciug ugmb mbod odmh mhkk ids ids bkstu bkstuen enrg rgss y id bu buit iturd urd hg ik ikss pu pugn gnik iks. s. Ro gmtrgb gmtrgbru ruzde zdeks ks id vo vohd hd geprgsdrodi bkm gi bkepkrtdeogmtk fuedmk pkhgeks gvdiudr qug gxostgm ekhgiks hg agstoòm qug ohgmtocobdm, hosgôdm y eg`krdm iks prkbgsks qug sg dhdptgm d ids mgbgsohdhgs hg ids kradmozdbokmgs kradmozdbokmgs y iks edpds hg prkbgsks gvdiðgm gi bkepkrtdeo bkepkrtdeogmtk gmtk hg bdhd umk hg iks  pdsks hgi ekhgik hg agstoòm.― \ BOXDXOKM Iub4? Yi ?>>3 U . Wm ekhgik gm bkmbrgtk gs gi Nggr y sus bkidnkrdhkrgs, hkmhg sg cumhgm budtrk ärgds  näsobds tkhds omciugmbods pkr gi sgr fuedmk, umd gs id omciugmbod hg iks gepigdhks, id sgaumhd gs gi ciu`k hg rgbursks fuedmks, id tgrbgrd gs gi sostged hg trdnd`k y id budrtd gs gi sostgedd hg rgbkep sostge rgbkepgmsds. gmsds. Gstg ekhgik gstd omciugmbodh omciugmbodhkk pkr gsds bdrdbtgråsto bdrdbtgråstobds bds qug togmgm iks bkidnkrdhkrgs, ids gstrdtgaods qug togmgm ids bkepdôåds y id coikskcåd hg sus cumhdhkrgs. Gstks bkmbgptks skm iks qug hgtgreomd gi horgbbokmdeogmtk hgi ekhgik y bkek sg hgng  pidmtdr gm gi eumhk geprgsdrodi bkm tkhks iks bdenoks qug eugstrd gi egrbdhk.

 

Gm gstg ekegmtk, ids geprgsds fdm ohgmtocobdhk qug um ekhgik hg agstoòm vdighgrk togmg umd sgrod hg prombopoks k ndsgs sknrg iks qug sg hgng ekvoiozdr, pkr ik qug gs ekhgik qug Nggr mks eugstrd qug gi rgbursk fuedmk gs gi dbtovk eds oepkrtdmtg y rgquogrg umd omvgrsoòm horgbtd. Xdenoïm gs votdi horgbbokmdr iks kn`gtovks hg id kradmozdboòm hgshg id bdpdbohdh qug togmgm ids pgrskmds hgmtrk hg id bkepdôåd y bkek sg omtgrrgidbokmdm pdrd hdr  um eg`kr hgsgepgôk. Gi ekhgik prkpugstk pkr Nggr gstd horgbbokmdhk d qug ids bkepdôåds hgshg su horgbboòm agmgrdi pidtggm pidtggm hg ckred bkfgrgmt bkfgrgmtgg pkiåtobds pkiåtobds hg agstoò agstoòmm hgi rgbursk fuedmk, hg ckred qug bkmtronuydm hg ckred pksotovd d id kradmozdboòm, qug sdtoscdad ids mgbgsohdhgs hg iks gepigdhks y nromhg nogmgstdr d id skboghdh. Gstk gs pkrqug hgshg iks movgigs eäs ditks hg id geprgsd sg togmg id sucobogmtg vosoòm pdrd ombkrpkrdr y hdr krogmtdboòm d ids pkiåtobds hg geprgsd ombiuygmhk iks rgbursks fuedmks. Xkhds ids horgbtovds gm ids kradmozdbokmgs hgngm brgdr pkiåtobds y sostgeds hg agstoòm hkmhg sg bkmtgepig di rgbursk fuedmk gm tkhks iks movgigs hg id kradmozdboòm. Hgmtrk hg ids  pkiåtobds dsueohds ds ueohds pkr id bkepdôåd hg gstdr id dtrdbboòm, rgtgmboòm, rgtronuboòm, hgsdrrkiik, gvdiudboòm y ektovdboòm hg iks bkidnkrdhkrgs d tkhk movgi hgmtrk hg id geprgsd y id skboghdh qug id rkhgd. Id rgvosoòm bkmbgptudi dhquorohd mks eugstrd qug iks edpds hg prkbgsks skm hg ardm utoiohdh pdrd iks mugvks prkbgsks hgmtrk hg ids geprgsds, gs pkr gstk qug sg vugivg rgigvdmtg egmbokmdr qug iks ngmgcoboks hg iks ekhgiks hg agstoòm bkek gi hg Nggr skm0 

Bkmkbgr ik qug sg fdbg y bòek sg fdbg, dså tdenoïm tkedr bkmsbogmbod hg ids ckrtdigzds y bdrgmbods.

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Eg`krdr tdm skik pkr rgdiozdr um prkbgsk y hdr krhgm d ids dbtovohdhgs. Ïstg gs umk hg iks ngmgcoboks hg tkedr bkmsbogmbod.

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Gstdr eäs bgrbd hg umd bgrtocobdboòm gm mkreds ORK ?::4 y ktrds.

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Dpiobdr eïtkhks hg eg`krd bkmtomud y dsgaurdeogmtk hg bdiohdh qug mks pgreotoräm duegmtdr id gcobogmbod y id gcobdbod.

 

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Bkepdrdr mugstrks prkbgsks bkm ids eg`krgs präbtobds hgi eghok y dså dprgmhgr y eg`krdr.

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Ckrt Ckrtdi digb gbgr gr id ag agst stoò oòmm hg hgii bk bkmkb mkboe oeog ogmt mtk, k, pkrqug pkrqug bd bdhd hd prkbg prkbgsk sk ig igvdm vdmtd tdhk hk gs bkmkboeogmtk ckredi hg id kradmozdboòm.

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Ommkvdr d hocgrgmtgs movgigs hg prkcumhohdh0 prkbgsk, dbtovohdh y tdrgd.

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^gdi ^g dioz ozdr dr vg vgrhd rhdhg hgrde rdegmt gmtgg bk bkmt mtrk rkii hg ag agst stoò oòm, m, pk pkrqu rqugg pd pdrt rtgg hg hgii bd bden enok ok gm ik ikss  prkbgsks bkmsostg gm kntgmgr omckredboòm rgigvdmtg, tdi bkek ombkrpkrdr omhobdhkrgs gm togepk rgdi y dhgbudhdegmtg bkepdrdhks gm gi togepk.

Coaurd 4 Cugmtg0 Nggr E (4?6?) Gm gi gsquged dmtgrokr sg pughg ohgmtocobdr bkek sg pughgm omtgrrgidbokmdr ids hocgrgmtgs dbtovohdhgs hg id agstoòm hgi rgbursk fuedmk ombkrpkrdmhk ids bdrdbtgråstobds hgsbrotds dmtgrokregmtg sknrg gi ekhgik. Gs votdi qug sg rgvosg id omciugmbod hg iks gepigdhks, gi co`dr pkiåtobds gm id kradmozdboòm rgspgbtk di movgi hg omciugmbod k pdrtobopdboòm hg iks gepigdhks, gstks togmgm hgbosokmgs sknrg0 geprgsd, arupks hg trdnd`k, bkmhobokmgs hg trdnd`k, sgaurohdh y sdiuh gm gi trdnd`k, tdrgds k rkigs, dsbgmsks, gmtrg ktrds.

 

Xdenoïm sg hgng hgtgreomdr gi ciu`k hg pgrskmdi, hkmhg iks horgbtovks hgngm bkkrhomdr gi trdn trdnd` d`kk qug qug dsg dsgau aurg rg gi ekvo ekvoeo eogmt gmtkk hg id idss pg pgrsk rskmd mdss hg hgmt mtrk rk hg id kradm kradmoz ozdb dboò oòm. m. Gs omhospgmsdnig qug sg gvdiðgm ids mgbgsohdhgs gstrdtïaobds tdmtk gm ik rgcgrgmtg d id bdmtohdh bkek id bdiohdh y iks bkstks. Dquå sg hgng pkmgr gm präbtobd gi bkmbgptk hg rgbiutdeogmtk y  prkekboòm. Gm id coaurd 4, pkhgeks vgr gi bòek omciuyg gi sostged hg rgbkepgmsds gm um ekhgik hg agstoòm fuedmd, hkmhg ids comdmzds skm gi gquoionrok prombopdi pdrd id prgstdboòm idnkrdi hg iks sgrvoboks bkm iks qug bugmtd id geprgsd. Gm ekhgik hg Nggr gs cumhdegmtdi qug sg vdikrg di omhovohuk pkr sus bkepkrtdeogmtks y dbtotuhgs y bkek sg rgdiozdm ids pkiåtobds hg rgtronuboòm omhovohudi y arupdi, hg ckred co`d y vdrodnig. Gstg prkbgsk hgtgreomd bdhd  pugstk hg trdnd`k y gi movgi sdidrodi bkm rgspgtk di movgi omtgrmk y gxtgrmk. g xtgrmk.

Bkmbiusokmgs. Id agstoòm hgi rgbursk fuedmk gs bdhd vgz eäs omtgrgsdmtg y bdenodmtg, gs um tged hg hocåboi comdiozdboòm, yd qug fdnidr hg id rgidboòm hgi sgr fuedmk bkm gi trdnd`k hgmtrk hg ids kradmozdbokmgs gm id dbtudi rgdiohdh oepiobd tgmgr prgsgmtg gi bkmtomuk hgsdrrkiik qug fd gxpgroegmtdhk gi eumhk bdenodmtg. Zkr gstk gs rgigvdmtg bkmtdr bkm ekhgiks hovgrsks qug mks hgm iubgs pdrd iigvdr umd eg`kr bkmhubboòm hg ids bkepdôåds. Iks hovgrsks bdenoks qug sg fdm vovohk togmgm um sgmtohk pksotovk, yd qug vdikrd ids bdpdbohdhgs y iks tdigmtks hg ids pgrskmds, sg vovg tdenoïm umd ardm rgidboòm bkm id mdturdigzd y id rgidboòm bkm id hovgrsohdh fuedmd. Gm id rgvosoòm noniokaräcobd, iks dutkrgs bkombohgm gm qug iks sgrgs fuedmks skm votdigs pdrd gi hgsdrrkiik hg ids kradmozdbokmgs, pkr ik qug gstäm bdpdbotdhks pdrd horoaorids skm giiks, gs  pkr gstk qug d giiks sg igs hhgng gng gi ïxotk y id bkepgtotovohdh hg id eosed. Gi fuedmk f uedmk gs um rgbursk qug sg hgng kptoeozdr y pkr eghok hg ekhgiks hg agstoòm bkek gi hg Nggr, qug d  pdrtor hg umd vosoòm hocgrgmtg y eäs homäeobd sg krogmtd d ids geprgsds d sgr bkepgtotovds gm bdrdbtgråstobds qug mk skm cäboigs hg bkpodr.

 

Gm gstg ekegmtk gs gvohgmtg qug tgmgr um eg`kr bkmkboeogmtk hgi bkidnkrdhkr dyuhd d bdiocobdr ids vdrodnigs dskbodhds di hgsgepgôk, gs dså qug gi trdnd`k hg bdhd pgrskmd hgng sgr bdiocobdhk hgshg id vosoòm buiturdi pdrd pkhgr utoiozdr dhgbdegmtg ids prdbtobds hg rgbursks fuedmks (Givord y Hävoid, >::7). Gs gvohgmtg qug tkhks iks ekhgiks qug sg hgsdrrkiidm fdbgm um dpkrtg cumhdegmtdi y sg hgngm bkmtdr bkek vdioksks, pgrk di comdi skm id ndsg pdrd gi trdnd`k, yd qug ik qug hgtgreomd bkek dpiobdriks y hdrig umd nugmd utoiohdh gs gi dmäiosos qug sg fdad hg bdhd bkepdôåd. bkepdôå d. Gi kn`gto kn`gtovk vk hg bdhd kradmozdb kradmozdboòm oòm gs hocgrgmtg, hocgrgmtg, gmtkmbgs mk tkhks iks ekhgiks sg dhgbudm hg id eosed edmgrd, mo tdepkbk sg pughg hgbor qug um skik ekhgik gs id skiuboòm, di ekegmtk hg dpiobdr gi ekhgik sg rkepgm tkhds ids brggmbods sknrg gi rgbursk fuedmk. Id ardm tgrgd qug tgmgeks iks agrgmtgs dbtudigs gs hdrig ckrtdigzd d id agstoòm hgi rgbursk fuedmk, yd qug hgngek hgngekss prgkbupdrmks prgkbupdrmks pkr oepi oepigegmtd gegmtdrr hocgrgmtgs hocgrgmtgs gstrdtgaods gstrdtgaods qug igs hgm umd mugvd ditgrmdtovd d mugstrds bkepdôåds ndsdhds gm ids mgbgsohdhgs hgi sgr fuedmk y su rgidboòm rgidbo òm bkm ids geprgsds. Rgaðm ^khråaugz y Aòegz (>::4) ’gm Deïrobd Idtomd gstdeks ig`ks hg umd buiturd gm gi tged hg rgbursks fuedmks qug sg dbgrqug d ids mgbgsohdhgs hg fky y iks pidmtgdeogmtks hg iks pgmsdhkrgs hg id edtgrod. Xdm prkmtk bkek sg ikarg fdbgr um bdenok horgbtk, pkhrgeks bkmsgauor qug ids geprgsds sgdm eds bkepgtotovds gm um eumhk aikndi, dså id ïtobd y iks vdikrgs bknrdrdm edykr  oepkrtdmbod y sgdm hgtgreomdmtgs pdrd gi cuturk hg ids bkepdôåds qug agrgmbodeks.

 

^gcgrgmbods. 

Edrt Ed rtåm åmgz gz,, Iu Iuzz Z. Agst Agstoò oòmm Rkbod Rkbodii hg hgii Xd Xdig igmt mtkk Fued Fuedmk mk.. Nkak Nkaktä tä,, Bkik Bkiken enod od00 Wmovgrsohdh Mdbokmdi hg Bkikenod. (>::>).

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^khråaugz, @. y Aòegz, B. (>::4). Kradmozdbokmdi buiturd dmh fuedm rgskurbgs edmdagegmt edmdage gmt om Bfoig. Bfoig. Drtåbu Drtåbuik ik prgsgmt prgsgmtdhk dhk gm gi VOV Gmbugm Gmbugmtrk trk Mdbokm Mdbokmdi di hg Gsbugids y Cdbuitdhgs hg Dheomostrdboòm y Gbkmkeåd. Wmovgrsohdh hg Xdibd, Bfoig. fttps0//www.rgsgdrbfadtg.mgt/puniobdtokm/>>::82318[Agstokm[hg[^gbursks[Fued mks[gm[gi[Bkmtgxtk[Rkbodi[y[Buiturdi[Bfoigmk.. mks[gm[gi[Bkmtgxtk[Rkbodi[y[Buiturdi[Bfoigmk

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Givord, E. y Hävoid, D. (>::7). Buiturd y Dheomostrdboòm hg ^gbursks Fuedmks gm Deïrobd Deïro bd Idtom Idtomd. d. Wmovgrs Wmovgrsod od Nusomgss Nusomgss ^gvogw, ^gvogw, proegr proegr troegstrg, troegstrg, mðegrk ::7. Arupk ^gbkigtks Bkeumobdboòm, Edhroh, Gspdôd, pp. >6-87

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Iubohbfdrt. Iuboh bfdrt. (>:4?). Bòek brgdr um edpd hg prkbgsks. ^gbupgrdhk gi 24 hg Edyk hg >:4?, hg www.iubohbfdrt.bke0 fttps0//www.iubohbfdrt.bke/pdags/gs/bkek-brgdrum-edpd-hg-prkbgsks.. um-edpd-hg-prkbgsks

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Nrdvk Bdrrdsbk, @. (4 hg `umok hg >:44). Agstoòm hg Zrkbgsks (Diomgdhks bkm id Gstrdtgaod) Sgrsoòm rgsueohd. (Gvkiuboòm, Gh.) ^gbupgrdhk gi 2: hg edyk hg >:4?, hg gvkiubokm.bi0 fttp0//www.gvkiubokm.bi/rgsuegmgs/^gsuegm[ionrk[Agsto %C2m[hg[prkbgsks[@NB[>:44.phc .