EI6703-Fibre Optics and Laser Instruments.pdf

VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,EIE dept 2016-2017(ODD)

EI6703 FIBRE OPTICS AND LASER INSTRUMENTS QUESTION BANK Unit -1

OPTICAL FIBRES AND THEIR PROPERTIES PART –A

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Analyse how numerical aperture is related to total internal reflection in optical fibers? Compare permanent and semi permanent Splicer. Discuss Snell’s law of refraction. Examine the principle involved in an optical detector. Distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic absorption. Define intermodal dispersion .What is its cause? List the different types of glass fibers. Mention a potential application of each. Discriminate Intermodal and Intramodal dispersions. Generalize the necessity of cladding for an optical fibre. Generalize any two required properties of light sources used in optical fibre communication. Examine the features of Single mode Graded Index Fiber . Outline optical attenuation. Describe the Snell’s law and write the equation for critical angle. Define Rayleigh Scattering . Analyze the role of optical detector in fibre optics system? Give the advantages of optical fiber . Define acceptance angle. Point out principle used in the working of fibers as light guides. Decide among the different fibers which has the least dispersion? List any two semi permanent splicers. Why are they called so?

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PART-B 1. 2.

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Elaborate about the various attenuation losses possible in optical fibers. Also discuss how intramodal and intermodal dispersion can be minimized. (16) What are the general requirements considered while selecting a light source for fibre optic link? Explain about the construction and working of photomultiplier Tubes used as optical source in fibre communication. (4+12) Compose how light propagates through step index and graded index fibre. (16)

Prepared by

Mr. R. Issan Raj A.P (O.G)-EIE Ms. K. Rathna Priya A.P (O.G)-EIE

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VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,EIE dept 2016-2017(ODD)

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Discuss the different absorption losses in an optical fibre. (16) (i) Derive an expression for number of modes propagating in a graded index fibre from the first principle (8) (ii) The relative index difference between the core axis and the cladding of a graded index fibre is 0.7% when the refractive index at the core axis is 1.45.Estimate alues for the numerical aperture of the fibre along the axis when the index profile is assumed to be triangular(8) Describe with the aid of suitable diagram: (5+5+6) (i) the multimode fiber mechanical splice (ii) a single mode fiber mechanical splice (iii) the multimode fiber splicing using a silicon chip arrays. (i) Draw the block diagram of optical fibre Transmission system and explain its functions.(8) (ii) Write short notes on fibre terminators. (8) (i) Compare and contrast the different parameters of glass fibers with plastic fibers (8) (ii) Explain the requirement for an ideal optical source and an ideal optical detector. (8) (i) Explain the loss due to Rayleigh Scattering in optical fibers. (8) (ii) Differentiate an optical connector from a Splicer. Explain any one Splicer with a neat diagram. (8) (i) Compare and contrast all the parameters of single mode and multimode glass fibers.(8) (ii) What are linear, mie and nonlinear scattering? Explain in detail with examples. (8) Analyze the importance of Ray optic theory and explain in detail. (16) (i) Describe the different types of optical fibre joints.(8) (ii) Give an account of Optical detector response time and its influence on detector parameters. (8) Discuss the characteristics of optical sources and detectors.(8+8) (i) Illustrate the different types of connectors with an example and explain their Properties (8) (ii) Sketch and explain (1) ISI in optical fiber (2) Lambertion Source. (8)

Prepared by

Mr. R. Issan Raj A.P (O.G)-EIE Ms. K. Rathna Priya A.P (O.G)-EIE

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VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,EIE dept 2016-2017(ODD)

Unit -2

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF OPTICAL FIBRES PART –A

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Differentiate intrinsic and extrinsic fiber optic sensor. Summarize about the significance of polarization maintaining fibers in optical communication. Obtain any two industrial applications of an optical fibre. Describe about fibre optic instrumentation system. Classify the different types of modulators. List the important parameters of optical detectors. Examine acoustic optic modulator. Define Moire fringes. Classify the different types of fiber optic sensors. Examine the need of electro optic modulator. Discuss about fibre optic temperature sensor. List the parameters of a typical fiber optic sensor. Generalize the principle of Proximity sensor. How the direct modulation broaden the spectral line width of the laser diode? Generalize the need for modulation. How optical beam polarization achieved in external modulators? Point out the main cause of degradation of the optical signal at the input of the modulator. List the applications of fiber optic sensors. Describe Pockels effect. List the features of magneto optic modulators.

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PART-B

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With the help of OTDR display diagram, explain how measurement of attenuation and fiber length is done using Optical time Domain Reflectometry.(16) Explain how optical fibers are used as Displacement, Position, Pressure and Level sensors. (16) Examine and explain the principle and working of any two types of fibre optic sensors. (16) Give the theory of fibre optic modulators and discuss its advantages. (16) Write short notes on the operation of the following (i) Optical fluid level detector.(5) (ii) Optical reflective type displacement sensor.(5) (iii) Moire fringe modulator of displacement measurement(6)

Prepared by

Mr. R. Issan Raj A.P (O.G)-EIE Ms. K. Rathna Priya A.P (O.G)-EIE

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VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,EIE dept 2016-2017(ODD)

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(i) Examine the principle of interferometric method of measurement of length. (8) (ii) Obtain the method of measurement of temperature using optic fibre optic sensors.(8) (i) What is the role of optical fibers in the measurement of pressure? Describe in detail (10) (ii) Give an account on “Miore Fringes ” (6) (i) Point out the working principle of Electro optic modulator with a neat sketch .(8) (ii) Explain the principle of acousto optic effect. (8) (i) Describe the construction and principle of working of laser Doppler velocity sensor. (10) (ii)Discuss the different micro bending sensors and their basic principles in detail (6) (i) Explain a Michelson interferometer used for high resolution displacement measurement.(8) (ii) Categorize the design and operation of optical fiber target flow sensor.(8) Discuss the significance of fibre optic sensor with other commercial sensor and describe in detail. (16) (i) Describe the fibre optics instrumentation system for the measurement of strain .(8) (ii) Explain different applications of modulators used in fiber optic instrumentation system. (8) Analyze the features of fiber optic sensors and point out the uses in the measurement of current and voltage. (16) Construct a fiber optic sensor with the method of polarization technique. (16)

Unit -3

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LASER FUNDAMENTALS PART –A

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Analyze how population inversion is achieved for Laser Generation? List the characteristics of laser. Give the advantages of gas laser. Define the term mode locking. Differentiate the functions of lidar and laser tracking. Examine the principle of Mode Locking . List any four properties of laser. Examine why optical pumping is preferred in lasers? Examine Double hetero structure Laser.

Prepared by

Mr. R. Issan Raj A.P (O.G)-EIE Ms. K. Rathna Priya A.P (O.G)-EIE

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VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,EIE dept 2016-2017(ODD)

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Calculate the frequency of stimulating photon if an atom is stimulated form the state of 1x10-34J to an excited level of 7.62x10-34J? Generalize the significance of pumping in lasers. Summarize the advantages and applications of Fabry Perot cavity. Define the term population inversion. Analyse how the modulation rate of the laser diode is increased? Define LASER. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of solid state laser. Generalize the properties of LASER. Describe about cavity damping. Define “Q-switching ”. Describe the principle of electron beam pumping.

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PART-B

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Discuss about the Resonator configuration of a laser setup. Also explain about the different modes by which laser is operated for generation of Ultra short pulses. (8+8) With the help of an energy diagram, analyze how four level laser system is advantageous to three level laser system .Also explain the construction and working of a four level laser.(8+8) Write short notes on (8+8) (i) LIDAR (ii) Laser Tracking Classify lasers and explain the construction and working of semiconductor laser. (16) Describe for a Fabry Perot resonator laser diode, modes and threshold conditions. Obtain its rate equations for steady state output (16) Examine the construction and operation of solid state lasers with neat diagram (16) (i) Differentiate between direct and indirect band gap semiconductors. Give Examples. (8) (ii) Describe the structure of multiplication of signals inside a cavity with a neat diagram (8) (i) List the properties of laser and also give its merits compared with LED.(8) (ii) With neat diagram explain the working of arc excited gas laser. (8) (i) How Q Switching is performed using laser? (6) (ii) Explain gas laser with an example (10). Describe the characteristics of Lasers. With the help of diagram explain

Prepared by

Mr. R. Issan Raj A.P (O.G)-EIE Ms. K. Rathna Priya A.P (O.G)-EIE

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VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,EIE dept 2016-2017(ODD)

the principle of three level and four level lasers. (6+5+5) 11. 12.

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(i) Discuss the construction and working of carbon dioxide laser. (8) (ii) Discuss the advantages of gas laser over solid state laser.(8) (i) What are the different types of laser cavities? Draw and explain them.(6) (ii) Explain the working principle of Ruby laser with a neat diagram. Derive an expression for threshold gain for laser.(10) (i) Write technical notes on (1) Laser modes (2) Frequency Chirping. (8) (ii) Describe the working principle of He-Ne gas laser with a neat diagram.(8) Analyze how a homo junction and hetero junction laser be developed using electron beam principle. (16)

Unit -4

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INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF LASER PART –A

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Classify the common types of lasers used for material processing. List the merits of Laser Heating. Write any two industrial applications of laser. Define laser vaporization. Describe the working of shielding gas during material processing by lasers. Apply the techniques used for distance measurement using Laser. Give the advantages of using laser in industry. Discuss laser range finder. What are the features of laser melting. Rewrite the significance of trimming of materials by lasers. Write the active material in laser. Point out any two uses of laser in industry. Classify the different modes of laser heating. List the uses of lasers in the measurement of acceleration. Assess which type of materials oxidation cutting is preferred? Why? Outline the advantages of laser welding. Point out the application of laser trimming and welding. Discuss laser action? What are the conditions to achieve it? Summarize the merits and demerits of laser welding. Why population inversion is significant in lasers?

Prepared by

Mr. R. Issan Raj A.P (O.G)-EIE Ms. K. Rathna Priya A.P (O.G)-EIE

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VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,EIE dept 2016-2017(ODD)

PART-B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

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Describe about Laser Doppler Velocimetry for Fluid velocity and acceleration measurement. (16) Write the principle involved in the design of resistors, capacitors and other electronic equipments using lasers. (16) Analyze the role of laser for industrial measurements and explain any one in detail. (16) Give the theory of material processing and explain the trimming of materials by laser. (16) Describe the principle of lasers for measurement of length with neat block diagram. (16) Illustrate the applications of laser with examples in (10+6) (i) Heating (ii) Vaporization (i) Categorize how the current and distance can be measured by using laser.(12) (ii) Explain briefly laser melting. (4) (i) Assess the different steps involved in laser materials processing. (12) (ii) Explain the advantages of laser heating. (4) (i) List the different modes of laser welding process.(8) (ii) Describe the apparatus used for laser drilling and explain its working.(8) (i) Construct a basic atom interferometry and explain the concepts involved.(12) (ii) Explain briefly the principle in LIDAR. (4) Examine the industrial application of LASER in Material Removal. (16) Explain how the laser is used in material processing. (16) How will you measure the voltage and velocity by using laser? Explain.(16) Define the principle of laser for the measurement of cold atom interferometry and explain it (16)

Unit -5 HOLOGRAM AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS PART –A Prepared by

Mr. R. Issan Raj A.P (O.G)-EIE Ms. K. Rathna Priya A.P (O.G)-EIE

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VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,EIE dept 2016-2017(ODD)

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What happens if laser interacts with tissue? BLT-6 List the types of laser used in Brain Tumor Treatment. BLT-1 Discuss the principle involved in holographic inferometry. BLT-2 Compare hologram and photographic film. BLT-4 Summarize the advantages of laser surgery. BLT-6 Illustrate the precautions to be followed while handling Lasers for clinical BLT-3 applications. Describe the components of Hologram. BLT-1 Examine the principle of HNDT. BLT-3 Distinguish between Oncology and Gynecology. BLT-2 Classify the uses of laser in medicine. BLT-3 Point out the limitations of photographic film compared to hologram? BLT-4 List any three lasers and their main use with respect to medical field. BLT-1 Assess how photocoagulation of ocular tissues done in retina? BLT-5 Analyze why carbondioxide laser is preferred in surgery? BLT-4 Summarize about wavefront reconstruction. BLT-5 Outline the advantages of laser in plastic surgery. BLT-2 State the procedure in the removal of tumors in vocal cords using laser. BLT-1 Describe the basic principle of holographic reconstruction. BLT-1 List the potential applications of Holographic interferometry. BLT-1 Interpret the requirements of laser instruments for plastic surgery. BLT-2 PART-B

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Analyze the principles of holographic inferometry and its application in Non destructive Testing of materials.(16) Examine the need of holography and compare holography with commercial photographic techniques and explain in detail.(4+12) Examine the medical applications of LASER in gynecology and oncology (16) Classify the methods of holography and explain each method in detail with suitable diagrams (16) Describe the application of laser in (8+8) (i) Brain surgery (ii) Plastic surgery Summarize the spectral features and conditions involved in holography for NDT (16) (i) Explain any two medical applications of laser.(12) ii) Assess how laser is used for removal of tumors of vocal cards (4) (i) Describe the advantages and potential applications of holography. (8) (ii) Describe the principle of holographic recording and reconstruction. (8 )

Prepared by

Mr. R. Issan Raj A.P (O.G)-EIE Ms. K. Rathna Priya A.P (O.G)-EIE

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VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,EIE dept 2016-2017(ODD)

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Describe the techniques involved in PDT and explain in detail. (16 ) What are the uses of LASER in the field of medicine and explain in detail. (16) Give an account of laser surgery instruments which are used in plastic surgery and gynaecology.(16) (i) Interpret the different stages involved in the capturization of 3D image with suitable diagrams.(8) (ii) Develop a 3D image using the different holographic procedures used in the nondestructive Testing of Engineering components (8) Write technical note on – (i)Laser based Microsurgery (8) (ii) Endoscopes (8) (i) What is the advantage of using LASER in the field of medicine compared with the other older techniques.(6) (ii) Assess how photocoagulation of ocular tissues done in retina and explain in detail (10)

Prepared by

Mr. R. Issan Raj A.P (O.G)-EIE Ms. K. Rathna Priya A.P (O.G)-EIE

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