Efflorescence in the Skin

EFFLORESCENCE IN THE SKIN PRIMARY LESIONS MORPHOLOGY MACULE

NOTE

A macule is a change in surface color, without elevation or depression and, therefore, no palpable, well or ill-defined, variously sized, but generally considered less than either 5 or 10mm in diameter at the widest point.

EXTRA NOTE

flat circumscribed area of discoloration < 1 cm Skin colour changes w.o elevation/depression

HYPERPIGMENTATION

HIPOPIGMENTATION PATCH

A patch is a large macule equal to or greater than either 5 or 10mm, depending on one's definition of a macule. Patches may have some subtle surface change, such as a fine scale or wrinkling, but although the consistency of the surface i s changed, the lesion itself is not palpable.

A large macules ≥ 1 cm in diameter

DISEASE Melasma Hypopig post inflammation Pityriasis versicolor Pityriasis alba Erythematous macule     

HYPERPIGMENTION

PAPULE

A papule is a circumscribed, solid elevation of skin with no visible fluid, varying in size from a pinhead to either less than 5 or 10mm in diameter at the widest point. Circumscribed, solid elevation, no visible fluid Variously in size from pinhead to 1 cm Ø DISEASE – Acne vulgaris - Roseacea

PLAQUE

NODULE

A plaque has been described as a broad papule, or confluence of papules equal to or greater than 1 cm, or alternatively as an elevated, plateau-like lesion that is greater in its diameter than in its depth.

A nodule is morphologically similar to a papule, but is greater than either 5 or 10mm in both width and depth, and most frequently centered in the dermis or subcutaneous fat. The depth of involvement is what differentiates a nodule from a papule.

PAPULES MILIER

PAPULES LENTIKULER A broad papules (confluence of papule) ≥ 1 cm in diameter

Morphologically similar papule > 1 cm in diameter

Circumscribed palpable mass

VESICLE

A vesicle is a circumscribed, fluid-containing, epidermal elevation generally considered less than either 5 or 10mm in diameter at the widest point.

Variously, circumscribed Fluid-filled lesion (blister), < 0,5 cmØ

Maybe pale or yellow serous exudate or Red from serum Vesikel milier BULLA

Vesikel lentikuler

A bulla is a large vesicle described as a rounded or irregularly shaped blister containing serous or seropurulent flui d, equal to or greater than either 5 or 10mm, depending on one's definition of a vesicle.

mixed wirh blood Variously, circumscribed Fluid-filled lesion > 0.5 Ø. DIASEASE - varicella,herpes zoster

Flaccid bullae in pemphigus vulgaris

Tense bullae in pemphigoid bullous PUSTULE

A pustule is a small elevation of the skin containing cloudy or purulent material usually consisting of necrotic inflammatory cells. These can be either white or red.

Vesicel with pus inside.DIASEASE- Furuncle

TUMOR

ALL THINGS WITH GROWTH : EPIDERMAL, DERMAL/SUBCUTAN & MELANOSIT Soft or firm & freely moveable/fixed mass of various size & shape(>2 cm Ø) -

Veruca vulgaris

ENLARGEMENT WITH ELEVATION IN THE SKIN SURFACE

-Keratosis seboroik

A cyst is an epithelial-lined cavity containing liquid, semi-solid, or solid material. Erosion is a discontinuity of the skin exhibiting incomplete loss of the epidermis a lesion that is moist, circumscribed, and EROSION usually depressed. An ulcer is a discontinuity of the skin exhibiting complete loss of the epidermis and often portions of the dermis and even ULCER subcutaneous fat. A fissure is a crack in the skin that is usually narrow but deep. FISSURE WHEAL A wheal is a rounded or flat-topped, pale red papule or plaque that is characteristically evanescent, disappearing within 24 to 48 hour. TELANGIECTASIA A telangiectasia represents an enlargement of superficial blood vessels to the point of being visible. BURROW A burrow appears as a slightly elevated, grayish, tortuous line i n the skin, and is caused by burrowing organisms. CYST

SECONDARY LESION MORPHOLOGY SCALE

NOTE

Dry or greasy laminated masses of keratin that represent thickened stratum corneum.

EXTRA NOTE

Str corneum release from the skin Pityriasiform (soft n small) Psoriasiform (layers) Ichtyiosiform (fish scale) Culiculer (thin) Lamelar (sheets) -A dry, horny build-up of dead skin cells that often flakes off the surface of the skin. Diseases that promote scale include fungal infections, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and iktiosis vulgaris.      

CRUST

FISSURA

LICHENIFICATION

Dried serum, pus, or blood usually mixed with epithelial and sometimes bacterial debris.

Collection of dried exudate consisting of serum, debris & pus cells

Thin linear scracth in the dermis. Example diasease tinea pedis

Epidermal thickening characterized by visible and palpable thickening of the skin with accentuated skin markings.

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Rough, thick epidermis with exaggerated skin lines.

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This is often a characteristic of scratch dermatitis and atopic dermatitis.

EXCORIATION

A punctate or linear abrasion produced by mechanical means (often scratching), usually involving only the epidermis but not uncommonly reaching the papillary dermis.

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The traumatic deeper until the point of papil Shows serum and blood (bleedy)

EROTION

Serum release from the skin, the process just in.The stratum basal so not bleedy.

ULCER

Loss of epidermis and part of dermis. Example diasease Basalioma

INDURATION  ATROPHY

Dermal thickening causing the cutaneous surface to feel thicker and firmer. Refers to a loss of tissue, and can be epidermal, dermal, or An area of skin that has become very thin and subcutaneous. With epidermal atrophy, the skin appears thin, wrinkled. translucent, and wrinkled. Dermal or subcutaneous atrophy is Normally seen in older individuals and people represented by depression of the skin who are using very strong topical corticosteroid medication. 

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SCAR

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Collagenous tissues that permanently replace injured dermis

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Scars appear over healed wounds and surgical incisions.

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Typically irregular, they may be thick or thin and hypertrophic or atrophic. Red, blue, white, and silver are common colors for scars

Mechanisms of formation of rashes